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f8e3a06ed19bdf754834a41093a53a12 | Stanley Kubrick had no hand in the editing process. | [
{
"docid": "1f9c95a1b3bfe575b2e328c19f74c7b2",
"text": "Stanley Kubrick Stanley Kubrick ( -LSB- ˈkuːbrɪk -RSB- July 26 , 1928 -- March 7 , 1999 ) was an American film director , screenwriter , producer , cinematographer , editor , and photographer . He is frequently cited as one of the greatest and most influential directors in cinematic history . His films , which are mostly adaptations of novels or short stories , cover a wide range of genres , and are noted for their realism , dark humor , unique cinematography , extensive set designs , and evocative use of music . Kubrick was born and raised in the Bronx , New York City , and attended William Howard Taft High School from 1941 to 1945 . Although he only received average grades , Kubrick displayed a keen interest in literature , photography , and film from a young age , and taught himself all aspects of film production and directing after graduating from high school . After working as a photographer for Look magazine in the late 1940s and early 1950s , he began making short films on a shoestring budget , and made his first major Hollywood film , The Killing , for United Artists in 1956 . This was followed by two collaborations with Kirk Douglas , the war picture Paths of Glory ( 1957 ) and the historical epic Spartacus ( 1960 ) . His reputation as a filmmaker in Hollywood grew , and he was approached by Marlon Brando to film what would become One-Eyed Jacks ( 1961 ) , though Brando eventually decided to direct it himself . Creative differences arising from his work with Douglas and the film studios , a dislike of Hollywood , and a growing concern about crime in America prompted Kubrick to move to the United Kingdom in 1961 , where he spent most of the remainder of his life and career . His home at Childwickbury Manor in Hertfordshire , which he shared with his wife Christiane , became his workplace , where he did his writing , research , editing , and management of production details . This allowed him to have almost complete artistic control over his films , but with the rare advantage of having financial support from major Hollywood studios . His first British productions were two films with Peter Sellers , Lolita ( 1962 ) and Dr. Strangelove ( 1964 ) . A demanding perfectionist , Kubrick assumed control over most aspects of the filmmaking process , from direction and writing to editing , and took painstaking care with researching his films and staging scenes , working in close coordination with his actors and other collaborators . He often asked for several dozen retakes of the same scene in a movie , which resulted in many conflicts with his casts . Despite the resulting notoriety among actors , many of Kubrick 's films broke new ground in cinematography . The scientific realism and innovative special effects of 2001 : A Space Odyssey ( 1968 ) were without precedent in the history of cinema , and the film earned him his only personal Oscar , for Best Visual Effects . Steven Spielberg has referred to the film as his generation 's `` big bang '' , and it is regarded as one of the greatest films ever made . For the 18th-century period film Barry Lyndon ( 1975 ) , Kubrick obtained lenses developed by Zeiss for NASA , to film scenes under natural candlelight . With The Shining ( 1980 ) , he became one of the first directors to make use of a Steadicam for stabilized and fluid tracking shots . While many of Kubrick 's films were controversial and initially received mixed reviews upon release -- particularly A Clockwork Orange ( 1971 ) , which Kubrick pulled from circulation in the UK following a mass media frenzy -- most were nominated for Oscars , Golden Globes , or BAFTA Awards , and underwent critical reevaluations . His last film , Eyes Wide Shut , was completed shortly before his death in 1999 at the age of 70 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "bb67483c6884fd7f5db4fd4c8a21015e",
"text": "Lolita (1962 film) Lolita is a 1962 British-American black comedy-drama film directed by Stanley Kubrick . Based on his novel of the same title , Vladimir Nabokov also wrote the screenplay . It follows a middle-aged literature lecturer who becomes obsessed with an adolescent girl . The film stars James Mason as Humbert Humbert , Sue Lyon as Dolores Haze ( Lolita ) , and Shelley Winters as Charlotte Haze , with Peter Sellers as Clare Quilty . Owing to the MPAA 's restrictions at the time , the film toned down the more provocative aspects of the novel , sometimes leaving much to the audience 's imagination . The actress who played Lolita , Sue Lyon , was 14 at the time of filming . Lolita polarized contemporary critics , but is well-received today . Kubrick later commented , however , that if he had realized how severe the censorship limitations were going to be , he probably would never have made the film .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2a79a39bf49b6c12b949c5d434f3f642",
"text": "Alan Smithee Alan Smithee ( also Allen Smithee ) is an official pseudonym used by film directors who wish to disown a project . Coined in 1968 and used until it was formally discontinued in 2000 , it was the sole pseudonym used by members of the Directors Guild of America ( DGA ) when a director , dissatisfied with the final product , proved to the satisfaction of a guild panel that he or she had not been able to exercise creative control over a film . The director was also required by guild rules not to discuss the circumstances leading to the move or even to acknowledge being the project 's director .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aa6e9c8487342b7db1fdcd2454aa3ebd",
"text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language The BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . The award was first given at the 36th British Academy Film Awards , recognising the films of 1982 , and until 1990 was known as the BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Film . Prior to this , films recorded in a language other than English were often recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best Film , known between 1949 and 1969 as Best Film from any Source . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d67def84997a24779d85f53b297d3db6",
"text": "Without Warning! Without Warning ! is a 1952 film noir crime film directed by Arnold Laven . The film is shot in a semidocumentary-style with police procedural voice-over narration in parts . Without Warning ! was released commercially for the first time on DVD in 2005 . Previously , the film was considered lost and unavailable for viewings .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b454573028840571611976ae9df969a8",
"text": "The Great Moment (1944 film) The Great Moment is a 1944 biographical film written and directed by Preston Sturges . Based on the book Triumph Over Pain ( 1940 ) by René Fülöp-Miller , it tells the story of Dr. William Thomas Green Morton , a 19th-century Boston dentist who discovered the use of ether for general anesthesia . The film stars Joel McCrea and Betty Field , and features Harry Carey , William Demarest , Franklin Pangborn and Porter Hall . The movie was filmed in 1942 but not released for over two years , and the released version differed from what Preston Sturges had wished , although he publicly accepted the film as his own . Paramount Pictures disliked the film Sturges had made , and pulled it from his control , re-titled and re-edited it , in the process making it ( especially in the early segment ) more confusing for the audience to understand . The studio 's released version was marketed in a way that made it appear to be one of Sturges ' comedies . The film was not well received by the critics or the public , and marked the end of a sustained run of success for Sturges , who had already left Paramount by the time the film was released . Although rarely seen today , the film is worth viewing for its flashback structure -- comparable in some ways to Citizen Kane , which was influenced by the earlier film The Power and the Glory , for which Sturges wrote the screenplay -- and for its irreverent and subtly satirical tone , unusual for a time when most Hollywood biopics were over-inflated and sentimental . In 2003 a medical-dental historian in a lengthy analysis of the movie and its history -- which cited its flashback structure , timeless subject , injections of humor , and `` un-Pasteur-like '' treatment of its protagonist , while adhering reasonably well to the historical record -- concluded that `` The Great Moment may now be due for a general reevaluation by movie historians and critics who , like most folks , have never felt much affection for dentists past and present . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "885262934b2501d4cc2fbc70c8e96539",
"text": "Filmography and awards of Stanley Kubrick Stanley Kubrick directed 13 feature films and three short documentaries over the course of his career , from Day of the Fight in 1951 to Eyes Wide Shut in 1999 . Many of Kubrick 's films were nominated for Academy Awards or Golden Globes , but his only personal win of an Academy Award was for his work as director of special effects on 2001 : A Space Odyssey .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "14f86eb8b84c5a12db5cefc756a8ff89",
"text": "Free Cinema Free Cinema was a documentary film movement that emerged in the United Kingdom in the mid-1950s . The term referred to an absence of propagandised intent or deliberate box office appeal . Co-founded by Lindsay Anderson , though he later disdained the ` movement ' tag , with Karel Reisz , Tony Richardson and Lorenza Mazzetti . The movement began with a programme of three short films at the National Film Theatre , London , on 5 February 1956 . The programme was such a success that five more programmes appeared under the Free Cinema banner before the founders decided to end the series . The last event was held in March 1959 . Three of the screenings consisted of work from overseas film makers .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "64daf635e0704799258b62ebaea7c666",
"text": "Art film An art film is typically a serious , independent film aimed at a niche market rather than a mass market audience . An art film is `` intended to be a serious artistic work , often experimental and not designed for mass appeal '' ; they are `` made primarily for aesthetic reasons rather than commercial profit '' , and they contain `` unconventional or highly symbolic content '' . Film critics and film studies scholars typically define an art film as possessing `` formal qualities that mark them as different from mainstream Hollywood films '' , which can include , among other elements , a sense of social realism ; an emphasis on the authorial expressiveness of the director ; and a focus on the thoughts , dreams , or motivations of characters , as opposed to the unfolding of a clear , goal-driven story . Film scholar David Bordwell describes art cinema as `` a film genre , with its own distinct conventions '' . Art film producers usually present their films at specialty theatres ( repertory cinemas , or , in the U.S. , `` arthouse cinemas '' ) and film festivals . The term art film is much more widely used in the United States , the UK and Australia than in Europe , where the term is more associated with `` auteur '' films and `` national cinema '' ( e.g. , German national cinema ) . Because they are aimed at small niche market audiences , they can rarely get the financial backing that will permit large production budgets , expensive special effects , costly celebrity actors , or huge advertising campaigns , as are used in widely released mainstream blockbuster films . Art film directors make up for these constraints by creating a different type of film , which typically uses lesser-known film actors ( or even amateur actors ) and modest sets to make films that focus much more on developing ideas or exploring new narrative techniques or film-making conventions . A certain degree of experience and knowledge are required to fully understand or appreciate such films . One mid-1990s art film was called `` largely a cerebral experience '' that one enjoys `` because of what you know about film '' . This contrasts sharply with mainstream `` blockbuster '' films , which are geared more towards escapism and pure entertainment . For promotion , art films rely on the publicity generated from film critics ' reviews , discussion of their film by arts columnists , commentators and bloggers , and `` word-of-mouth '' promotion by audience members . Since art films have small initial investment costs , they only need to appeal to a small portion of the mainstream viewing audiences to become financially viable .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a29f6e113a9e49453d47e840123ef6aa",
"text": "Life Itself (film) Life Itself is a 2014 American biographical documentary film about film critic Roger Ebert , directed by Steve James and produced by Zak Piper , Steve James and Garrett Basch . The film is based on Ebert 's 2011 memoir of the same name . It premiered at the 2014 Sundance Film Festival and was an official selection at the 67th Cannes Film Festival . The 41st Telluride Film Festival hosted a special screening of the film on August 28 , 2014 . Magnolia Pictures released the film theatrically in the United States and simultaneously via video on demand platforms on July 4 , 2014 . On December 2 , 2014 , the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences announced that the film was 1 of 15 films shortlisted in the Documentary Feature category for the 87th Academy Awards , but it was not nominated . It was also nominated for two News & Documentary Emmy Awards , winning the award for Outstanding Editing : Documentary & Long-Form .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d021f73389393270cc76f615b0041267",
"text": "Bleak Moments Bleak Moments is a 1971 British film , the first film of Mike Leigh . It began as a 75-minute stage play in March 1970 at the Open Space Theatre . Leigh and Les Blair had formed their own company , Autumn Productions , and Leigh wanted to make a film of Bleak Moments . He was able to realise that desire when Albert Finney and Michael Medwin 's Memorial Films , which had recently made If ... . and was about to produce Gumshoe , `` delivered the main financial backing , as well as unused spare bits of film rolls . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9e21e0dd79674b463b08aed8bcfa84bf",
"text": "The Magic Christian (novel) The Magic Christian is a 1959 comic novel by American author Terry Southern ( 1924 -- 1995 ) about an odd billionaire who spends most of his time playing elaborate practical jokes on people . It is known for bringing Southern to the attention of filmmaker Stanley Kubrick , who had received a copy as a gift from Peter Sellers , and subsequently hired him as co-writer for Dr. Strangelove ( 1964 ) when Kubrick decided to make that film a black comedy/satire , rather than a straightforward thriller . In 1969 , The Magic Christian was made into a film starring Peter Sellers and Ringo Starr ; the story was much altered and relocated from New York City to London .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238",
"text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8",
"text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1e700a9680540bc1e0014e24e0e0d274",
"text": "Hollywood blacklist The Hollywood blacklist -- as the broader entertainment industry blacklist is generally known -- was the practice of denying employment to screenwriters , actors , directors , musicians , and other American entertainment professionals during the mid-20th century because they were accused of having Communist ties or sympathies . Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy with the Communist Party USA or refusal to assist investigations into the party 's activities . Even during the period of its strictest enforcement , the late 1940s through the late 1950s , the blacklist was rarely made explicit or verifiable , but it directly damaged the careers of scores of individuals working in the film industry . The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25 , 1947 , the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to testify to the House Un-American Activities Committee . A group of studio executives , acting under the aegis of the Association of Motion Picture Producers , fired the artists -- the so-called Hollywood Ten -- and made what has become known as the Waldorf Statement . On June 22 , 1950 , a pamphlet entitled Red Channels was published . Focused on the field of broadcasting , it identified 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of `` Red Fascists and their sympathizers . '' Soon , most of those named , along with a host of other artists , were barred from employment in most of the entertainment field . The blacklist lasted until 1960 , when Dalton Trumbo , a Communist Party member from 1943 to 1948 and member of the Hollywood Ten , was credited as the screenwriter of the highly successful film Exodus , and later publicly acknowledged by actor Kirk Douglas for writing the screenplay for the movie Spartacus . A number of those blacklisted , however , were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "776aee4ad1e9aa7151b098007b187e37",
"text": "Don Quixote (unfinished film) Don Quixote is an unfinished film project produced , written and directed by Orson Welles . Principal photography took place between 1957 and 1969 . Test footage was filmed as early as 1955 , second-unit photography was done as late as 1972 , and Welles was working on the film intermittently until his death in 1985 . The film was eventually edited by Jesús Franco and was released in 1992 . It did not include all the footage shot for the film and received mixed reviews .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59",
"text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a8678cfd4df9b27b96e6c1cc617019e7",
"text": "Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures Stanley Kubrick : A Life in Pictures is a 2001 documentary about the life and work of Stanley Kubrick , famed film director , made by his long-time assistant and brother-in-law Jan Harlan . Its running time is 142 minutes long , it consists of several 15-minute chapters , each detailing the making of one of his films -- and two more showing his childhood and life . Jan Harlan managed to get many of Kubrick 's collaborators for interviews , including Tom Cruise , Nicole Kidman , Keir Dullea , Arthur C. Clarke , Malcolm McDowell , Peter Ustinov , Jack Nicholson , György Ligeti and Matthew Modine . It also has interviews from film directors who were inspired by Kubrick such as Woody Allen , Steven Spielberg , Martin Scorsese and Sydney Pollack . The film contains some rare footage , including from the Kubrick family home videos and on film sets , and clips from Fear and Desire - Kubrick 's first feature-length film . It was released on DVD on October 23 , 2007 , and was featured on the tenth disc of Stanley Kubrick : The Essential Collection and Stanley Kubrick : Limited Edition Collection DVD and Blu-ray released May 31 , 2011 , respectively . The documentary was also bundled in a box set of some of Kubrick 's other films released January 22 , 2008 . The soundtrack of the film is by composer and musician Jocelyn Pook , who had previously worked with Kubrick on Eyes Wide Shut .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "28c9e00adbe3bb6b8274e3446910eb5d",
"text": "Without Compassion Without Compassion ( Sin compasión ) is a 1994 Peruvian drama film directed by Francisco José Lombardi , and based on Crime and Punishment , by Fyodor Dostoyevsky . It was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1994 Cannes Film Festival . The film was selected as the Peruvian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 67th Academy Awards , but was not accepted as a nominee .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cf84c1afeadcc0f66478c48da7acfc51",
"text": "On Directing Film On Directing Film is a non-fiction book by American playwright and filmmaker David Mamet ( ISBN 0-670-83033-X ) published in 1991 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "45cca4f2ca741aa9586b00163ae81265",
"text": "The NeverEnding Story (film) The NeverEnding Story is a 1984 American epic fantasy film based on the novel of the same name by Michael Ende , about a boy who reads a magical book that tells a story of a young warrior whose task is to stop a dark storm called the Nothing from engulfing a fantasy world . The film was produced by Bernd Eichinger and Dieter Giessler and directed and co-written by Wolfgang Petersen ( his first English-language film ) and starred Noah Hathaway , Barret Oliver , Tami Stronach , Patricia Hayes , Sydney Bromley , Gerald McRaney , Moses Gunn , and Alan Oppenheimer as the voices of both Falkor and Gmork ( as well as other characters ) . At the time of its release , it was the most expensive film produced outside the United States or the Soviet Union . The film was the first in The NeverEnding Story film series and later followed by two sequels . Ende felt that this adaptation 's content deviated so far from the spirit of his book that he requested that production either be halted or the film 's title be changed ; when the producers did neither , he sued them and subsequently lost the case . Ende called the film a `` gigantic melodrama of kitsch , commerce , plush and plastic '' -LSB- Ein `` gigantisches Melodram aus Kitsch , Kommerz , Plüsch und Plastik '' -RSB- . The film only adapts the first half of the book , and consequently does not convey the message of the title as it was portrayed in the novel . The second half of the book would subsequently be used as the rough basis for the second film , The Next Chapter . The third film , Escape from Fantasia , features a completely original plot .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
dba0a972bf8cb95d53b315412e64b725 | Fred Trump's father died when he was 13. | [
{
"docid": "154e29deaa028354e48dcb96c35ebef4",
"text": "Fred Trump Frederick Christ Trump ( October 11 , 1905 -- June 25 , 1999 ) was an American real estate developer and philanthropist , primarily in New York City , and father of Donald Trump , the 45th President of the United States , and Maryanne Trump Barry , a United States Court of Appeals judge . Trump 's father , Frederick , died when Trump was 13 years old . By 15 , in partnership with his mother , Elizabeth Christ Trump , and non-family investors , Trump had begun a career in home construction and sales . The development company was incorporated as E. Trump & Son in 1927 , and grew to build and manage single-family houses in Queens , barracks and garden apartments for U.S. Navy personnel near major shipyards along the East Coast , and more than 27,000 apartments in New York City . Trump was investigated by a U.S. Senate committee for wartime profiteering ( 1954 ) , and by the U.S. Justice Department 's Civil Rights Division for civil rights violations ( 1973 ) . According to The New York Times and The Washington Post , the latter incident inspired a song by tenant and folk singer , Woody Guthrie .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b9f2786120c3ed9987a6d8fadceda803",
"text": "Frederick Trump Frederick Trump ( born Friedrich Trump ; March 14 , 1869 -- May 27 , 1918 ) was a German American businessman . Born in Kallstadt , in the Kingdom of Bavaria ( now in Rhineland-Palatinate , Germany ) , he emigrated to the United States at the age of 16 and started working as a barber . Several years later in 1891 , he moved to the Northwest . He made his fortune operating boom-town restaurants and boarding houses in Seattle and a mining town to the north , and in the Klondike Gold Rush . He later returned to Germany and married . When authorities found that he had emigrated when young to avoid fulfilling his military service , he lost his Bavarian citizenship ; he and his family returned to the United States . He worked as a barber and hotel manager , and began to acquire real estate in Queens . He was the father of Fred and John G. Trump , and grandfather of Donald Trump , the 45th President of the United States .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "e78fe7e42495b1a244f7c9f9443cfdff",
"text": "Presidency of Donald Trump The presidency of Donald Trump began at noon EST on January 20 , 2017 , the day that Donald Trump was inaugurated as the 45th President of the United States , succeeding Barack Obama . Trump , a Republican , was a businessman from New York City at the time of his victory in the 2016 presidential election over Democrat Hillary Clinton . His running mate , former Governor Mike Pence of Indiana , took office as the 48th Vice President of the United States on the same day . Trump 's term in office is set to end on January 20 , 2021 , though he is eligible for election to a second term and has declared his intention to run . During his first few months in office , , Trump has issued 36 executive orders and 25 presidential memoranda . The executive orders 13769 and 13780 dealing with denying admission to the US of people from several foreign countries have been blocked by federal courts . Trump 's nominee to the Supreme Court , Neil Gorsuch , was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 7 , 2017 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b6f25a6540f5144fbd732e31137b7111",
"text": "Franco Freda Franco `` Giorgio '' Freda ( Padua , Italy , 11 February 1941 ) was one of the leading neo-Nazi and neo-Fascist intellectuals of the post-war Italian far right . He founded a publishing house for neo-Nazi thought , and described himself as an admirer of Hitler . He was convicted but later acquitted for lack of evidence for involvement in the Piazza Fontana bombing . He founded the Fronte Nazionale , which was disbanded by the Italian government in 2000 when Freda and forty-eight other members were found guilty of attempting to re-establish the National Fascist Party .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c214f11c856717d1ab64ca9234d45bbb",
"text": "George Gandy George Shepard `` Dad '' Gandy ( October 20 , 1851 -- November 25 , 1946 ) was an American business executive and developer , best known for constructing the original Gandy Bridge , the first bridge to span the Tampa Bay in Florida . He is also known for developing numerous buildings and transportation lines in Philadelphia and St. Petersburg , Florida .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a64e67de634462fcd55ee7262cef03df",
"text": "Not My Presidents Day `` Not My Presidents Day '' ( sometimes `` Not My President 's Day '' , or `` Not My Presidents ' Day '' ) was a series of rallies against the President of the United States , Donald Trump , held on Washington 's Birthday ( an American federal holiday also known as Presidents ' Day ) , February 20 , 2017 . Protests were held in dozens of cities throughout the United States . Demonstrations were also held outside London 's Houses of Parliament , and in Orkney . The marches were mostly coordinated through Facebook . Organizers of the protest stated that although Trump was the president , they wanted to show that he did not represent their values . Los Angeles was the first city to plan a `` Not My Presidents Day '' rally , which was attended by more than a thousand protesters . New York City saw the largest demonstration , with an estimated 10,000 to 13,000 people attending a rally outside Trump International Hotel and Tower . The events were mostly peaceful , although thirteen people were arrested in Portland , Oregon .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b4eb60cc7b4e8c3203a2c23268a217e5",
"text": "Fred Brown (Alaska politician) Frederic Emil `` Fred '' Brown ( July 9 , 1943 -- June 27 , 2014 ) was an American attorney , electrical engineer , and politician . Fred Brown was born in Anchorage , Alaska on July 9 , 1943 . He moved with his family to Fairbanks , Alaska while still an infant , where he resided for the remainder of his life . Brown graduated from Lathrop High School . He then received his bachelor 's degree from the University of Alaska and his master 's degree from Stanford University , both in electrical engineering . In 1969 , Brown received his law degree from Columbia University School of Law and practiced law in Fairbanks , Alaska . Brown served in the Alaska House of Representatives from 1975 to 1983 as a Democrat . He was married to Helen , a Certified Public Accountant . He died in Fairbanks at age 70 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "65d0cfb1b5db89cf34d3b6f9018fa545",
"text": "Fred B. Norman Fred Barthold Norman ( March 21 , 1882 -- April 18 , 1947 ) was a U.S. Representative from Washington . Born on a farm near Martinsville , Illinois , Norman attended the public schools and was graduated from Martinsville ( Illinois ) High School . He moved to Lebam , Washington , in 1901 . He worked on farms , in logging camps , sawmills , shingle mills , and shipyards 1901-1922 . He engaged in the wholesale and retail tobacco and candy business since 1922 . He served as member of the city council of Raymond , Washington from 1916 to 1918 . He served in the State house of representatives in 1919 and 1920 . He served as member of the State senate 1925-1935 . Norman was elected as a Republican to the Seventy-eighth Congress ( January 3 , 1943 -- January 3 , 1945 ) . He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1944 to the Seventy-ninth Congress . Norman was elected in 1946 to the Eightieth Congress and served from January 3 , 1947 , until his death in Washington , D.C. , on April 18 , 1947 . He was interred in Fern Hill Cemetery , Menlo , Washington .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "620b53f2210f85136094f551baa45a49",
"text": "Frank Sinatra Jr. Francis Wayne `` Frank '' Sinatra ( January 10 , 1944 -- March 16 , 2016 ) , professionally known as Frank Sinatra Jr. , was an American singer , songwriter , and conductor . He was the son of singer and actor Frank Sinatra and his first wife , Nancy Barbato Sinatra ; the younger brother of singer and actress Nancy Sinatra ; and older brother of television producer Tina Sinatra .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2ea3496bf47c96bb2745cd986761f5f3",
"text": "Wednesday 13 Wednesday 13 ( born Joseph Poole ) is an American singer and musician . As well as his solo career , he is known for being the frontman of Murderdolls . He has also played in several other bands , including Maniac Spider Trash , Frankenstein Drag Queens from Planet 13 , Bourbon Crow , and Gunfire 76 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "42bd45a9664c2ff9a05b51405e508672",
"text": "Frederick Yates (Michigan) Frederick Yates ( October 3 , 1914 -- October 9 , 1971 ) was an African-American politician and lawyer . Born in Malvern , Arkansas , Yates moved with his family to Detroit , Michigan in 1925 . In 1932 , Yates graduated from Northwestern High School . He received his bachelor 's degree from West Virginia State University in 1936 and his law degree from Detroit College of Law . He practiced law in Detroit , Michigan . Yates worked as a playground supervisor for the Detroit Parks and Recreation Department and at the Ford Motor and US Rubber factories to help pay for his education . From 1955 until 1962 , Yates served in the Michigan House of Representatives and was a Democrat . He then served on the Wayne County , Michigan Board of Commissioners from 1968 until his death in 1971 . Yates died at the Wayne County Hospital , in Detroit , Michigan from a long illness .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bb96387913027e53a8aac94e41142fe5",
"text": "Fred J. Rath Fred J. Rath ( October 15 , 1888 -- April 9 , 1968 ) was an American businessman and politician from New York .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "39f7fe2b113b658cbfbc4300bee42c02",
"text": "Donald L. Trump Donald Lynn `` Skip '' Trump ( born July 31 , 1945 , in Greencastle , Indiana ) is an American oncologist who has been the director of the Inova Schar Cancer Institute in Falls Church , Virginia since January 2015 . He is not related to U.S. President Donald Trump .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a8375a547440289395891259de33e026",
"text": "Fred Emney Sr Frederick Charles Emney ( 1865 -- 7 January 1917 ) , known professionally as Fred Emney , was an English comedian , known for his appearances in farce , comic opera , musical comedy , music hall and pantomime . He was a member of a theatrical family : among his uncles was the popular comedian Arthur Williams , and he was the father of Fred Emney , a comic character actor frequently seen on stage and screen in the mid-20th century .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b3e2b5cc5337bd41556da2ef1f53b7a8",
"text": "Trump Home Trump Home is a brand of furniture and home items marketed by American businessman and now President of the United States Donald Trump and owned by Trump 's company , The Trump Organization . Trump Home was launched in July 2007 , with two furniture lines manufactured by Lexington Home Brands . A third furniture line was made available in 2008 , at which point the brand was available in more than 18 international territories . A year later , the company partnered with Serta to produce mattresses under the Trump Home name . A line of Trump-branded tabletop crystal , manufactured by a Slovenian company , was launched in 2010 . Trump Home has also sold light fixtures , rugs , bath and bedding collections , and a candle and fragrance diffuser collection . In 2011 , Lexington chose not to renew its licensing agreement with Trump Home . Two years later , Trump Home entered a partnership with furniture company Dorya International to manufacture Trump-branded furniture . Serta ended its affiliation with Trump Home after Donald Trump described Mexican immigrants as `` rapists '' while announcing his 2016 presidential campaign . Lifestyle , a Dubai-based retailer of Trump Home products , also ended their affiliation with the company in 2015 , after Trump announced his plan to ban all Muslims from entering the United States . Other retailers have discontinued sales of Trump Home products since Trump was elected in November 2016 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c4632449f40f6a53886bf781a358b9a7",
"text": "Fred Reed Fred Reed ( born 1945 in Crumpler , West Virginia ) is a writer and former technology columnist for The Washington Times . He has also written for The American Conservative and LewRockwell.com . Additionally , he has spoken at one American Renaissance conference and currently writes for Taki 's Magazine . A former Marine and Vietnam War veteran , Reed is a police writer and an occasional war correspondent . Reed writes weekly columns for the website Fred on Everything . Reed 's output includes attacks on feminism , George W. Bush , Israel and evolution . Reed lives in Ajijic , Jalisco , Mexico .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f07d91a320d43608d963d46fa1683599",
"text": "Bob Trumpy Robert Theodore `` Bob '' Trumpy Jr. ( born March 6 , 1945 ) is a former professional American football tight end who played for the Cincinnati Bengals from 1968 through 1977 . He was a two-time National Football League Pro Bowler and a two-time American Football League All-Star . Following his playing career he spent many years as a broadcast color analyst , broadcasting four Super Bowls . He was given the Pete Rozelle Award for broadcasting from the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2014 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4588971882de93c82511859ff7799781",
"text": "Frederic Cameron Church, Jr. Frederic Cameron `` Fred '' Church , Jr. was an American businessman . His father founded Fred C. Church Insurance company in 1865 as a sole proprietorship in Lowell , Massachusetts . Fred . C. Church , Inc. currently has around 130 employees , with branch offices in Andover , MA , Dracut , MA , Haverhill , MA , Tewksbury , MA , Westford , MA , and Portsmouth , NH .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4f575031b066eb2a1f2dc9c7448e26c9",
"text": "Fred Gamble (actor) Fred Gamble ( October 26 , 1868 -- February 17 , 1939 ) was an American film actor . He appeared in 138 films between 1913 and 1928 . He was born in Indianapolis , Indiana , and died in Hollywood , California .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d28233b57364a5a87bc4b7a3c9b52d3b",
"text": "Thomas Henty Thomas Henty ( 19January 195613August 1988 ) was an English actor , and the son of the magician and prop comedian Tommy Cooper . Born Thomas John Cooper , he attended Sutton Court Primary School in Chiswick and Latymer Upper School , Hammersmith . He went on to appear alongside his famous father in an episode of the Thames Television variety series London Night Out in 1979 , as well as in four episodes of the series Cooper 's Half Hour in 1980 , also for Thames . He also acted as occasional stage manager to his father , and was backstage when Cooper died in front of a live television audience at Her Majesty 's Theatre on 15April 1984 . In addition to his work with his father , Henty was an actor in his own right . His desire to make his own mark in the field was behind his decision to adopt his mother 's maiden name . In an archive interview with the television personality Frank Bough , included in the ITV documentary The Unforgettable Tommy Cooper ( 2001 ) , Henty explained that he did not want people in the acting profession to know that he was Cooper 's son , presumably because he was fearful of claims of nepotism . Henty made appearances in episodes of the popular British television series Robin of Sherwood ( 1984 ) and Just Good Friends ( 1986 ) , as well as the British film Bellman and True ( 1987 ) . His role in Bellman and True was his last . In 1988 Henty 's marriage collapsed after seven years . Just six weeks later he died suddenly on 13 August 1988 , aged just 32 , of haemophilia , following complications caused by liver failure . Doctors had attempted to pump seventy pints of new blood into his body , but the blood failed to clot and after three days his mother took the decision to have his life support machine switched off , just four years after his well-known father Tommy Cooper died . He left a six-year-old son , Tam Henty ( born in 1982 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2943c8ba586b8648bf43f5c3815c98f0",
"text": "Trump Ocean Club International Hotel and Tower The Trump International Hotel & Tower Panama ( formerly Trump Ocean Club or Trump Ocean Club International Hotel and Tower ) is a 70-story , 2500000 sqft , mixed-use waterfront condominium tower development in Panama City , Panama . The project was designed by Colombian architects Arias - Serna - Saravia S.A. . The building is situated on a beachfront lot with views of the Pacific Ocean and Panama Bay , in the area of Punta Pacifica . The building was developed by real estate tycoon Donald Trump of the Trump Organization and Roger Khafif , President of the K Group , a Panama resort developer . The project includes 369 hotel condominium units , 700 condominium units , 1500 parking spaces , retail shops , casino , use of a private beach club on Viveros Island , yacht club and pier , wellness spa , gym , pool deck , meeting and event spaces , and a business center . The hotel opened on July 6 , 2011 . On September 21 , 2011 , it was indicated by Bloomberg.com that Fitch Ratings downgraded $ 220 million in bonds that Newland International Properties , Corp. is using to finance construction of the Trump International Hotel & Tower in Panama . The downgrade to CCsf from B-sf , resulted from `` continued uncertainty over the willingness and ability '' of buyers to take possession of apartment units , according to Fitch documents . In November 2012 , Sun International announced plans to open a 75000 sqft casino at the property with 600 slot machines and 32 table games . The company paid $ 45.5 million for the rights to the space , and planned to spend another $ 60 million to develop it for an opening in mid-2014 . Its similar style to the Burj Al Arab , a hotel in Dubai , United Arab Emirates , has been noticed , and court proceedings over the similarities took place .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b1e6510e4b3dd7ae027f5071dcfef94f",
"text": "The Presidential Agent series The Presidential Agent series was written by military author , W. E. B. Griffin . The series consists so far of eight novels , By Order of the President , The Hostage , The Hunters , The Shooters , Black Ops , The Outlaws , Covert Warriors , and Hazardous Duty . Like the rest of his novels , Griffin uses military time , along with the address of the place , and the chapter titles are never started on a separate page . The series is the author 's latest . The main character , Carlos Guillermo Castillo , first appears as an Army major and is later promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel . Carlos is also known as Karl Wilhelm von und zu Gossinger . The reason for the double name stems from his parentage . His father , U.S. Army Warrant Officer Junior Grade Jorge Alejandro Castillo , had a one-night stand with his mother . His mother , Erika von und zu Gossinger , never saw Jorge again as he died shortly thereafter , flying `` his fifty-second rescue mission , picking up downed chopper crews , when he was hit and his Huey blew up . '' Jorge Castillo was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor . This allows Carlos to be admitted to West Point , which begins his Army career . Erika raised Karl Wilhelm with the help of her father and brother , in das Haus im Wald ( the House in the Woods ) until they both died in an automobile accident on the Autobahn , leaving her to raise the boy alone . When Karl Wilhelm is the age of 12 his mother contracts fatal pancreatic cancer . She enlists the help of the then Major Naylor , who is stationed in Germany and was friends with her father , to find the boy 's father . Naylor does some research into the father and finds out that not only is he dead but he was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor . He flies to San Antonio and shows Karl 's paternal grandmother , Doña Alicia Castillo a photograph of Karl . Upon seeing the photo she says that the boy has `` Jorge 's eyes '' and immediately goes to Germany . Doña Alicia says that she and her husband , Don Juan Fernando Castillo , will take care of Karl when Erika herself dies of cancer . Karl is 12 and an orphan , but he goes from one rich , but loving , home to another and will gain a cousin , Fernando Lopez , who will become like a brother to him . Castillo , known to his friends as Charley , admits to being confused about who he is at times . There is good reason for this . Not only do his family members leave him a proud legacy of elite Texican/Germanic heritage , they also give him a grounding in English , Spanish , German , Russian , Hungarian and a couple of others . He is an Army aviator , holds credentials for the Secret Service and an Executive Assistant to the Secretary of Homeland Security . Because of his interesting background , Castillo comes to the attention of the President , who decides to use him as a single-source information funnel for intelligence matters , `` to serve as sort of a check on the investigations of the various agencies involved ... What I 'd like to know is what did they know and when did they know it ? '' The series has become one of Griffin 's most popular . Griffin 's son , William E. Butterworth , is listed on Griffin 's website as co-authoring `` The Outlaws '' , `` Covert Warriors '' , and `` Hazardous Duty '' .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
6fa69391b7897d5e34958dd6357a2716 | Anil Kapoor was only in the third season of "24". | [
{
"docid": "70a91c470b9c9c4ea407a9c428b92b0a",
"text": "Anil Kapoor Anil Kapoor ( born 24 December 1956 ) is an Indian actor and producer who has appeared in many Bollywood films , as well as international films and television series . His career has spanned almost 40 years as an actor , and as a producer since 2005 . He has won many awards in his career , including two National Film Awards and six Filmfare Awards in different acting categories . Kapoor made his Hindi film cameo appearance with Umesh Mehra 's Hamare Tumhare ( 1979 ) in a small role . He made his first debut film and then starred as a lead actor in the 1980 Telugu film , Vamsa Vruksham directed by Bapu . He then made his Kannada film debut with Mani Ratnam 's Pallavi Anu Pallavi ( 1983 ) . He received his first Filmfare Award , in the Best Supporting Actor category , for his role in Yash Chopra 's Mashaal ( 1984 ) . Kapoor earned his first Filmfare Best Actor Award for his performance in N. Chandra 's Tezaab ( 1988 ) and later again for his performance in Indra Kumar 's Beta ( 1992 ) . He has also starred in many other critically and commercially successful films : Meri Jung ( 1985 ) ; Karma ( 1986 ) ; Mr. India ( 1987 ) ; Virasat ( 1997 ) , for which he won the Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor ; Taal ( 1999 ) , for which he won his second Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award ; Pukar ( 2000 ) , for which he won a National Film Award for Best Actor ; No Entry ( 2005 ) ; Dil Dhadakne Do ( 2015 ) for which he won his third Filmfare Best Supporting Actor Award . Kapoor 's first role in an international film was in Danny Boyle 's Academy Award-winning film Slumdog Millionaire , for which he shared the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture . His performance in the eighth season of the action series 24 generated rave reviews from the American press . Globally , Kapoor is one of the most recognised Indian actors .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "e679ed5fc496393796ad6419eb98c222",
"text": "Surender Mohan Pathak Surender Mohan Pathak ( born 19 February 1940 at Khemkaran , in Tarn Taran district near Amritsar , in the Majha region of Punjab ) is an author of Hindi-language crime fiction with nearly 300 novels to his credit . His writing career , along with his full-time job in Indian Telephone Industries , Delhi , began in the early 1960s with his Hindi translations of Ian Fleming 's James Bond novels and the works of James Hadley Chase . He also wrote his own James Bond series . His first short story , 57 saal puraana aadmi ( ५७ साल पुराना आदमी , The Man 57 Years Old ) , was published in a Hindi magazine Manohar Kahaniyaan in 1959 . His first full length novel , Purane Gunah Naye Gunahgar ( Sunil Series ) , was published in Neelam Jaasoos ( a Hindi crime fiction magazine ) in 1963 . His major work began with what is called the `` Sunil '' series which consists of at least 115 novels . Sunil , a debonair and upright investigative journalist for the fictional daily newspaper Blast , lives in the fictional city of Rajnagar , a metropolitan city located on the coastline . Sunil has a quixotic nature when it comes to damsels in distress , which happens only too often . He is a man in his 30s , who is willing to go any lengths in pursuit of justice , mostly with help of his best friend Ramakant Malhotra , a dipsomaniac and owner of a club called Youth Club . His attempts to protect the innocent often result in Sunil ending up on the wrong side of the law , bringing him face to face with Inspector Prabhudayal , the exceptionally strict and incorruptible officer in charge of the homicide division of the Rajnagar Police . The `` philosopher '' detective Sudhir Kumar Kohli is the protagonist of Pathak 's Sudhir Series , all narrated in the first person . Sudhir is the diametric opposite of Sunil , proudly proclaiming himself dilli ka khaas kism ka haraami who frequently enlists the help of Inspector Devender Kumar Yadav , who can easily be persuaded to do something dishonest . A recent novel of this ( in ) famous series has been translated by Giriraj Sharan ( uncredited ) and published by Diamond Books under the title The Last Goal . However the best-known series of novels of Pathak is Vimal , a.k.a. Sardar Surender Singh Sohal , a.k.a. another dozen names he uses to camouflage his identity in the Mumbai underworld . Vimal is a Robinhood like character , who is constantly on the run from the law due to circumstances out of his control . He has taken up arms against gangsters like Rajbahadur Bakhia and , after killing him , his next avatar Iqbal Singh and then Vyaas Shankar Gajre . The Sardar has associates like Tukaram and his henchmen , like Wagle and Irfan , etc. . Vimal is not a private detective or police inspector but a criminal wanted in seven states . In addition , Pathak has also authored several novels not belonging to any specific series , which are labelled as ` thriller ' novels irrespective of their storyline . Many collections of joke books compiled by Pathak have also been published . Several authors have been known to plagiarise or `` borrow '' heavily from his works .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5148336c56a3b34193739abaefed6826",
"text": "Indian (2001 film) Indian is a 2001 Hindi crime drama film directed by N. Maharajan and starring Sunny Deol , Shilpa Shetty , Raj Babbar and Mukesh Rishi . A remake of Tamil film Vallarasu starring Vijayakanth , the film had dialogues written by Sanjay Masoom . It opened on 26 October 2001 to excellent collections .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e3da325979027ea6cee5b9b0508957c6",
"text": "Awaargi Awaargi is a 1990 Bollywood drama film directed by Mahesh Bhatt starring Anil Kapoor , Meenakshi Sheshadri and Govinda . The film is considered to have featured Anil Kapoor 's and Meenakshi Sheshadri 's best performances . Over the years it has gained immense critical praise and is considered a classic now . Like several other 1980s films by Mahesh Bhatt , Awaargi , containing serious and realistic content , belongs to the arthouse cinematic genre , known in India as parallel cinema . On its release , it received critical acclaim .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b49709f285e296cbb08f9f14ffb5cf51",
"text": "List of awards and nominations received by Hrithik Roshan Hrithik Roshan ( -LSB- - hnsˈrɪt̪ʰɪk ˈroːʃən -RSB- born on ) is an Indian film actor . Having appeared as a child actor in several films throughout the 1980s , Roshan made his film debut In leading role in Kaho Naa ... Pyaar Hai in 2000 . His performance in the film earned him the Best Actor and Best Male Debut awards at Filmfare . He followed it with leading roles in Fiza and Mission Kashmir ( both released in 2000 ) and a supporting part in the blockbuster Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham ... ( 2001 ) . Following through with several unnoticed performances from 2002 to 2003 , he starred in the blockbusters Koi ... Mil Gaya ( 2003 ) and its sequel Krrish ( 2006 ) , both of which won him numerous Best Actor awards . Roshan received his third Filmfare Award for Best Actor in 2006 for his performance in the action film Dhoom 2 , and his fourth for Jodhaa Akbar for which he was also awarded at the Golden Minbar International Film Festival . He later received further acclaim for his work in Guzaarish ( 2010 ) , Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara ( 2011 ) and Agneepath ( 2012 and Krrish 3 ( 2013 ) , his biggest commercial success so far . He thus established himself as a leading contemporary actor of Indian Cinema .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "491eca6d56c0151b1441da5f8ff26b01",
"text": "Kaushal Kapoor Kaushal Kapoor is an Indian television actor . He plays the role of Omprakash Bhalla in the popular television show Ye Hai Mohabbatein . He also played Priyanka 's father in the serial Yahaaan Main Ghar Ghar Kheli in 2012 . He made his Bollywood debut with the 2013 film Satya 2 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dc1a9ca86871a84765aaa903ebfa3592",
"text": "Azad News Azad News is an Hindi-language 24/7 News television channel The channel is a free-to-air . The channel is available across all major cable and DTH platforms as well as online .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4f9012d7a7e51842538142d24bff1386",
"text": "Awaaz India Tv Awaaz India Tv is an Hindi-language 24/7 news television channel , owned by Awaaz Group Asia Limted .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9fa7f82ecdc06f1d4d58fa51addb2b8b",
"text": "Deepak Tijori Deepak Tijori ( born 28 August 1961 ) is an Indian film director and actor who works in Bollywood films and is well known for his supporting roles in Aashiqui ( 1990 ) , Khiladi ( 1992 ) , Jo Jeeta Wohi Sikandar ( 1992 ) , Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa ( 1993 ) , Anjaam ( 1994 ) , Ghulam ( 1998 ) and Baadshah ( 1999 ) . He also starred as a lead actor in Pehla Nasha ( 1993 ) . Tijori started his directing career with Oops ! ( 2003 ) , a film about male strippers . This was followed by Fareb ( 2005 ) , Khamoshh ... Khauff Ki Raat ( 2005 ) , Tom , Dick , and Harry ( 2006 ) and Fox ( 2009 ) . Thriller at 10 -- Fareb , a TV mini-series produced by Tijori won the 2001 Indian Television Academy Awards in the category best mini-series . Tijori has also been the housemate on Bigg Boss 1 ( 2006 ) . His wife is a fashion designer and his brother-in-law Kabir Sadanand is a film director . In 2009 Tijori 's daughter was kidnapped for a few hours .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "576984c74f18b463776795eefd973e86",
"text": "McLeod's Daughters (season 3) The third season of the long-running Australian outback drama McLeod 's Daughters '' began airing on 12 February 2003 , and concluded on 29 October 2003 , with a total of 30 episodes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4e781a6450d10157519c30e6ea8d967a",
"text": "Sanjay Kapoor Sanjay Kapoor is a Bollywood actor and producer .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "206835f069d1be9fd86c15df0f8ed1d4",
"text": "Akshay Kumar Rajiv Hari Om Bhatia ( born 9 September 1967 ) , better known by his stage name Akshay Kumar , is an Indian-born actor who works in Bollywood films . Kumar is also a producer and martial artist who has appeared in over a hundred Hindi films . Kumar has Canadian citizenship . Kumar won the National Film Award for Best Actor for his performance in Rustom and he has been nominated for Filmfare Awards several times , winning it two times . Box Office India listed Kumar as one of the most successful actors in the history of Indian cinema . In February 2013 , many media outlets reported that the net box-office collection of Kumar 's films had crossed and he was the first and the only Bollywood actor to do so . Having done so , he has established himself as a leading contemporary actor of Hindi cinema . When he began his acting career in the 1990s , he primarily starred in action films and was known for his appearances in films of the `` Khiladi series '' as well as other action films such as Waqt Hamara Hai ( 1993 ) , Mohra ( 1994 ) , Elaan ( 1994 ) , Suhaag ( 1994 ) , Sapoot ( 1996 ) , Jaanwar ( 1999 ) . Later , Kumar also gained fame for his drama , romance , action and comic roles . His performances in romance films like Yeh Dillagi ( 1994 ) , Dhadkan ( 2000 ) , Andaaz ( 2003 ) and Namastey London ( 2007 ) , as well as drama films such as Waqt : The Race Against Time ( 2005 ) . His comic performances in comedy films such as Hera Pheri ( 2000 ) , Mujhse Shaadi Karogi ( 2004 ) , Garam Masala ( 2005 ) , Bhagam Bhag ( 2006 ) , Bhool Bhulaiyaa ( 2007 ) , and Singh Is Kinng ( 2008 ) met with acclaim . In 2007 , he starred in four consecutive commercially successful films . Kumar hit a rough patch since 2009 to 2011 but came back with two successes , Housefull 2 ( 2012 ) and Rowdy Rathore ( 2012 ) with both of them grossing over . His other films like OMG ( 2012 ) , Special 26 ( 2012 ) , Holiday ( 2014 ) and Gabbar Is Back ( 2015 ) were highly successful critically and commercially . From January 2016 to February 2017 , he starred in four Rs 100-crore plus earner in a row with films Airlift ( 2016 ) , Housefull 3 ( 2016 ) , Rustom ( 2016 ) and Jolly LLB 2 ( 2017 ) . Apart from acting , Kumar has also worked as a stunt actor ; he has often performed many dangerous stunts in his films , which has earned him the sobriquet `` Indian Jackie Chan '' . In 2008 , he hosted the show Fear Factor -- Khatron Ke Khiladi . The next year , he founded the Hari Om Entertainment production company . In 2012 , he founded another production company called Grazing Goat Pictures . In 2014 , Kumar launched TV realty show Dare 2 Dance . He also owns the team Khalsa Warriors in the World Kabaddi League . In 2015 , Kumar was ranked 9th in Forbes ' first global list of highest-paid actors in the world . In 2008 , the University of Windsor conferred an Honorary Doctorate on Kumar in recognition of his contribution to Indian cinema . The following year he was awarded the Padma Shri by the Government of India . In 2011 , The Asian Awards honoured Kumar for his outstanding achievement in Cinema .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "be550792cc6f492a24f6d7f1d2ba498c",
"text": "Friday Night Lights (season 3) The third season of the American serial drama television series Friday Night Lights began airing in the United States and Canada on October 1 , 2008 . It was the first season to be aired on DirecTV 's The 101 Network . The 13-episode season concluded on The 101 Network on January 14 , 2009 and then began its run on NBC two nights later , on January 16 , 2009 , and concluded its NBC run on April 10 , 2009 . The show was renewed for two more seasons in March 2009 , with both seasons airing in the same format as season 3 , containing 13 episodes each . The third season was released on DVD in region 1 on May 19 , 2009 . The season continues to focus around the Dillon Panthers and the pressures faced on and off the field . This season also has four main characters leave the show by season 's end .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a28b8f2059ead97d1ff281f84a452e02",
"text": "Shameless (season 3) The third season of Shameless , an American comedy-drama television series based on the award-winning British series of the same name by Paul Abbott , premiered on January 13 , 2013 , at Sunday 9:00 p.m. EST on the Showtime television network . Executive producers are John Wells , Paul Abbott and Andrew Stearn , with producer Michael Hissrich . The season concluded after 12 episodes on April 7 , 2013 . The shows season premiere brought in 2.00 million viewers , becoming the show highest rated episode ever to-date . The episode airing February 17 , `` The Sins of My Caretaker '' , received 1.31 million total viewers , its lowest rated episode of the season . The season finale scored 1.82 million viewers .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "546c5d84a381f50ea8d9f241f951bb82",
"text": "Anokha Ladla Infobox television | show_name = Anokha Ladla | image = | caption = | show_name_2 = | genre = Comedy Drama | creator = J.S. Production | developer = | writer = Malik Khuda Baksh Sajid | director = Aamir Yousaf ( season 1 ) , Muhammad Ashar Asghar ( Season 2 ) , | creative_director = | presenter = | starring = Saleem Sheikh Adnan Gillani Behroze Sabzwari Khayyam Sarhadi Saba Hameed Fariha Jabeen Rija | judges = | voices = | narrated = | theme_music_composer = Tauseef Sheikh | opentheme = | endtheme = | composer = Tauseef Sheikh | country = | language = Urdu-Punjabi | num_seasons = 3 | num_episodes = 100 + | list_episodes = | executive_producer = Salman Khan | producer = Saleem Sheikh | editor = | location = Lahore | cinematography = | camera = | runtime = 35-40 minutes | company = Pakistan Television Corporation | distributor = | channel = PTV Home | picture_format = | audio_format = | first_run = | first_aired = | last_aired = | preceded_by = | followed_by = | related = | website = | website_title = | production_website = Anokha Ladla ( meaning ` Unusual Darling ' ) is a Pakistani Drama series which ran for 3 Seasons ( 2011-2013 ) on PTV Home . The First Season was directed by Aamir Yousaf and produced by Saleem Sheikh who also starred as the main character in the series as ` Midu ' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aaf4f8016582fb872b92e632a7e960e9",
"text": "PK (film) PK is a 2014 Indian satirical science fiction comedy film . The film was directed by Rajkumar Hirani , produced by Hirani and Vidhu Vinod Chopra , and written by Hirani and Abhijat Joshi . The film stars Aamir Khan in the title role with Anushka Sharma , Sushant Singh Rajput , Boman Irani , Saurabh Shukla , and Sanjay Dutt in supporting roles . It tells the story of an alien who comes to Earth on a research mission . He befriends a television journalist and questions religious dogmas and superstitions . The film received positive reviews and emerged as the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time , and ranks as the 70th highest-grossing film of 2014 worldwide . The film has been regarded as one of the best Hindi films of 2014 . It is currently the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time only behind Baahubali 2 : The Conclusion and Dangal ( film ) . PK is the first Indian film to gross 7 billion worldwide . It is also the first Indian film to gross US$ 100 million ( Rs 630 crore ) worldwide .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e19031d0edcf57d4a0e5d5a91de5be47",
"text": "Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi Meri Aashiqui Tum Se Hi ( English : I Love Only You ) is an Indian soap opera which premiered on 24 June 2014 and aired every Monday to Friday at 10:00 pm on Colors TV . The show is produced by Ekta Kapoor of Balaji Telefilms and stars Shakti Arora and Radhika Madan in lead roles . It is also dubbed in Tamil as Urave Uyire and airs on Polimer TV as well as in Odia as Mo Mana Tori Pain and airs on Colors Odia and it is aired in Sri Lanka as Sadahatama Oba Mage on TV Derana dubbed in Sinhalese . The final episode aired on 19 February 2016 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "311820b13f5f6e032e8daf6a186716a6",
"text": "Rishtey Rishtey ( Relations ) is a Bollywood film released on 6 December 2002 . The film directed by Indra Kumar stars Anil Kapoor , Karisma Kapoor , Shilpa Shetty and Amrish Puri in the lead roles . The film had a `` Below Average '' opening and flopped at the Box Office .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "554e6aaa79211816a1657061d745d7a5",
"text": "Hrithik Roshan filmography Hrithik Roshan is an Indian actor known for his work in Bollywood films . As a child , he made uncredited appearances in three films directed by his maternal grandfather , J. Om Prakash , the first of which was in Aasha ( 1980 ) . In 1986 , Roshan played the adopted son of Rajinikanth 's character in Prakash 's crime drama Bhagwaan Dada . Roshan subsequently worked as an assistant director on four films , including Khudgarz ( 1987 ) and Karan Arjun ( 1995 ) , all of which were directed by his father , Rakesh . Roshan 's first leading role came opposite Ameesha Patel in Kaho Naa ... Pyaar Hai ( 2000 ) , a highly successful romantic drama directed by his father , for which he won two Filmfare AwardsBest Male Debut and Best Actor . In 2001 , Roshan played a supporting role in Karan Johar 's lucrative ensemble melodrama Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham ... . This initial success was followed by roles in a series of critical and commercial failures , including Aap Mujhe Achche Lagne Lage ( 2002 ) and Main Prem Ki Diwani Hoon ( 2003 ) , leading critics to believe that Roshan 's career was over . However , his career prospects improved in 2003 when he played the role of a mentally disabled teenager in his father 's science fiction film Koi ... Mil Gaya . The film emerged as the highest-grossing Bollywood film of that year and earned Roshan the Best Actor -- Critics and the Best Actor awards at Filmfare . His next release , the war drama Lakshya ( 2004 ) , performed poorly at the box office despite earning positive reviews . In 2006 , Roshan starred in two top-grossing productions of the year . He portrayed the eponymous superhero in Krrish , a sequel to Koi ... Mil Gaya , and won a Best Actor award at Filmfare for playing a thief in the adventure film Dhoom 2 . Two years later , he gained a fourth Best Actor award at Filmfare for playing the Mughal emperor Akbar in Ashutosh Gowariker 's period romance Jodhaa Akbar ( 2008 ) . Roshan starred in two commercially unsuccessful films of 2010Kites and Guzaarishbut earned praise for portraying a quadriplegic magician in the latter . In 2011 , he featured as a talent judge for the television dance reality show Just Dance . Roshan also played one of the three leads alongside Farhan Akhtar and Abhay Deol in the Zoya Akhtar-directed comedy-drama Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara ( 2011 ) , following which he played Vijay Deenanath Chauhan in Agneepath ( 2012 ) , a remake of the 1990 film of the same name . In 2013 , Roshan starred in the third installment of the Krrish franchise , and the following year , he starred in Bang Bang ! , a remake of the 2010 Hollywood film Knight and Day . Agneepath , Krrish 3 , and Bang Bang ! rank among Indian cinema 's biggest earners .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7001c38f5e7a6fc432bbf25090c74166",
"text": "India's Best Cinestars Ki Khoj India 's Best Cinestar Ki Khoj is an Indian television series that premiered on Zee TV in 2004 . It is a talent show for aspiring actors , and the first prize is the lead role in a film . Two winners , one male and one female , are crowned at the finale . The show returned for its second season in 2006 and is now currently in its third season in 2014 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b24b0397372167b1f1a46ea5efda11fa",
"text": "Nip/Tuck (season 3) The third season of Nip/Tuck '' premiered on September 20 , 2005 and concluded on December 20 , 2005 . It consisted of 15 episodes .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
1e6ead073fdeb2862baf5bf4bb31b551 | Thiokol was concerned with anything except rubber. | [
{
"docid": "4574aab613e70ca56d5013b1a086823f",
"text": "Thiokol Thiokol ( variously Thiokol Chemical Corporation , Morton-Thiokol Inc. , Cordant Technologies Inc. , Thiokol Propulsion , AIC Group , ATK Thiokol ; finally ATK Launch Systems Group before becoming part of Orbital ATK ) was an American corporation concerned initially with rubber and related chemicals , and later with rocket and missile propulsion systems . Its name is a portmanteau of the Greek words for sulfur ( θειον `` theion '' ) and glue ( κολλα `` kolla '' ) , an allusion to the company 's initial product , Thiokol polymer . The Thiokol Chemical Company was founded in 1929 . Its initial business was a range of synthetic rubber and polymer sealants , and Thiokol was a major supplier of liquid polymer sealants during World War II . When scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory discovered that Thiokol 's polymers made ideal binders for solid rocket fuels , Thiokol moved into the new field , opening laboratories at Elkton , Maryland , and later production facilities at Elkton and at Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville , Alabama . Huntsville produced the XM33 Pollux , TX-18 Falcon , and TX-135 Nike-Zeus systems . It closed in 1996 . In the mid-1950s the company bought extensive lands in Utah for its rocket test range , and in 1986 was found at fault for the destruction of the Space Shuttle Challenger and the deaths of its astronauts . Thiokol continues to have major operations in the state , at Magna and Promontory ( manufacture of the Space Shuttle 's solid rocket motors ) , and its current headquarters at Brigham City . the company employed over 15,000 people worldwide and records annual sales of around .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "7d837f920105393a8cbe2a455acd91fa",
"text": "Technological unemployment Technological unemployment is the loss of jobs caused by technological change . Such change typically includes the introduction of labour-saving `` mechanical-muscle '' machines or more efficient `` mechanical-mind '' processes ( automation ) . Just as horses employed as prime movers were gradually made obsolete by the automobile , humans ' jobs have also been affected throughout modern history . Historical examples include artisan weavers reduced to poverty after the introduction of mechanised looms . During World War II , Alan Turing 's Bombe machine compressed and decoded thousands of man-years worth of encrypted data in a matter of hours . A contemporary example of technological unemployment is the displacement of retail cashiers by self-service tills . That technological change can cause short-term job losses is widely accepted . The view that it can lead to lasting increases in unemployment has long been controversial . Participants in the technological unemployment debates can be broadly divided into optimists and pessimists . Optimists agree that innovation may be disruptive to jobs in the short term , yet hold that various compensation effects ensure there is never a long-term negative impact on jobs . Whereas pessimists contend that at least in some circumstances , new technologies can lead to a lasting decline in the total number of workers in employment . The phrase `` technological unemployment '' was popularised by John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s . Yet the issue of machines displacing human labour has been discussed since at least Aristotle 's time . Prior to the 18th century both the elite and common people would generally take the pessimistic view on technological unemployment , at least in cases where the issue arose . Due to generally low unemployment in much of pre-modern history , the topic was rarely a prominent concern . In the 18th century fears over the impact of machinery on jobs intensified with the growth of mass unemployment , especially in Great Britain which was then at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution . Yet some economic thinkers began to argue against these fears , claiming that overall innovation would not have negative effects on jobs . These arguments were formalised in the early 19th century by the classical economists . During the second half of the 19th century , it became increasingly apparent that technological progress was benefiting all sections of society , including the working class . Concerns over the negative impact of innovation diminished . The term `` Luddite fallacy '' was coined to describe the thinking that innovation would have lasting harmful effects on employment . The view that technology is unlikely to lead to long term unemployment has been repeatedly challenged by a minority of economists . In the early 1800s these included Ricardo himself . There were dozens of economists warning about technological unemployment during brief intensifications of the debate that spiked in the 1930s and 1960s . Especially in Europe , there were further warnings in the closing two decades of the twentieth century , as commentators noted an enduring rise in unemployment suffered by many industrialised nations since the 1970s . Yet a clear majority of both professional economists and the interested general public held the optimistic view through most of the 20th century . In the second decade of the 21st century , a number of studies have been released suggesting that technological unemployment may be increasing worldwide . Further increases are forecast for the years to come . While many economists and commentators still argue such fears are unfounded , as was widely accepted for most of the previous two centuries , concern over technological unemployment is growing once again . A report in Wired in 2017 quotes knowledgeable people such as economist Gene Sperling and management professor Andrew McAfee on the idea that handling existing and impending job loss to automation is a `` significant issue '' . Regarding a recent claim by a political appointee that automation is not `` going to have any kind of big effect on the economy for the next 50 or 100 years , '' says McAfee , `` I do n't talk to anyone in the field who believes that . '' Innovations like Watson have the potential to render humans obsolete with the professional , white-collar , low-skilled , creative fields , and other `` mental jobs '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c1c53f7b020a636afbe06d73d9e9856c",
"text": "Trademark infringement Trademark infringement is a violation of the exclusive rights attached to a trademark without the authorization of the trademark owner or any licensees ( provided that such authorization was within the scope of the licence ) . Infringement may occur when one party , the `` infringer '' , uses a trademark which is identical or confusingly similar to a trademark owned by another party , in relation to products or services which are identical or similar to the products or services which the registration covers . An owner of a trademark may commence civil legal proceedings against a party which infringes its registered trademark . In the United States , the Trademark Counterfeiting Act of 1984 criminalized the intentional trade in counterfeit goods and services . The ACTA trade agreement , signed in May 2011 by the United States , Japan , Switzerland , and the EU , requires that its parties add criminal penalties , including incarceration and fines , for copyright and trademark infringement , and obligated the parties to actively police for infringement . In many countries ( but not in countries like the United States , which recognizes common law trademark rights ) , a trademark which is not registered can not be `` infringed '' as such , and the trademark owner can not bring infringement proceedings . Instead , the owner may be able to commence proceedings under the common law for passing off or misrepresentation , or under legislation which prohibits unfair business practices . In some jurisdictions , infringement of trade dress may also be actionable . Where the respective marks or products or services are not identical , similarity will generally be assessed by reference to whether there is a likelihood of confusion that consumers will believe the products or services originated from the trademark owner . Likelihood of confusion is not necessarily measured by actual consumer confusion , though normally one of the elements , but by a series of criteria Courts have established . A prime example is the test announced by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals in AMF , Inc v. Sleekcraft Boats , 599 F. 2d 341 ( C.A. 9 ) 1979 . The Court there announced eight specific elements to measure likelihood of confusion : Strength of the mark Proximity of the goods Similarity of the marks Evidence of actual confusion Marketing channels used Type of goods and the degree of care likely to be exercised by the purchaser Defendant 's intent in selecting the mark Likelihood of expansion of the product lines Other Courts have fashioned their own tests for likelihood of confusion -- like those announced in In re E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co. , 476 F. 2d 1357 , 177 USPQ 563 ( CCPA 1973 ) , known collectively as the DuPont factors . If the respective marks and products or services are entirely dissimilar , trademark infringement may still be established if the registered mark is well known pursuant to the Paris Convention . In the United States , a cause of action for use of a mark for such dissimilar services is called trademark dilution . In some jurisdictions a party other than the owner ( e.g. , a licensee ) may be able to pursue trademark infringement proceedings against an infringer if the owner fails to do so . The party accused of infringement may be able to defeat infringement proceedings if it can establish a valid exception ( e.g. , comparative advertising ) or defence ( e.g. , laches ) to infringement , or attack and cancel the underlying registration ( e.g. , for non-use ) upon which the proceedings are based .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "53ab370ead23b009b8218af204d235f0",
"text": "Chicken tax The chicken tax is a 25 % tariff on potato starch , dextrin , brandy , and light trucks imposed in 1963 by the United States under President Lyndon B. Johnson in response to tariffs placed by France and West Germany on importation of U.S. chicken . The period from 1961 -- 1964 of tensions and negotiations surrounding the issue was known as the `` Chicken War , '' taking place at the height of Cold War politics . Eventually , the tariffs on potato starch , dextrin , and brandy were lifted , but over the next 48 years the light truck tax ossified , remaining in place to protect U.S. domestic automakers from foreign competition ( e.g. , from Japan and Thailand ) . Though concern remains about its repeal , a 2003 Cato Institute study called the tariff `` a policy in search of a rationale . '' As an unintended consequence several importers of light trucks have circumvented the tariff via loopholes -- including Ford ( ostensibly a company that the tax was designed to protect ) , which imported the Transit Connect light trucks as `` passenger vehicles '' to the U.S. from Turkey and immediately strips and shreds portions of their interiors , such as installed rear seats , in a warehouse outside Baltimore -- and Mercedes , which imported complete vans built in Germany , `` disassembled them and shipped the pieces to South Carolina , where American workers put them back together in a small kit assembly building . '' The resulting vehicles emerge as locally manufactured , free from the tariff .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "07f667b14f7319bd28c6f630618e6d48",
"text": "Act on Product Safety of Electrical Appliances and Materials The is the law that governs electrical appliance safety in Japan . PSE stands for Product Safety Electrical Appliance & Material . The formal name is . The most recent revision comes April 1 , 2001 . The PSE symbol can be found on appliances that are approved for use in Japan . DENAN is a mandatory national law administered by Japan 's METI ( Ministry of Economy , Trade and Industry ) , which was formerly called the Electrical Appliance and Material Control Law ( `` DENTORI '' ) . For electrical appliances such as DC Power Supplies exported to Japan , the DENAN `` DENAN symbol '' approval is required . AC/DC power supplies are considered a `` Category A '' product with means they are specified products and require a diamond PSE Mark for use in Japan . These specified electrical appliances are either required to undergo third-party conformity assessment , and obtain their certificate , or obtain `` the equivalent of a certificate '' through the manufacturers of the specified electrical appliances concerned . The Notifying Supplier ( importer ) is responsible for ensuring that the product is tested in accordance with the requirements by a RCAB ( or `` Registered Conformity Assessment Body '' ) . Samples of PSE approved power supplies and PSE certificates can be found here , PSE rated power supplies are characterized by classes and ratings ranges rather than specific model numbers : http://en.globtek.com/news/pse-approved-power-supply-ac-adapters-meet-japan-denan-regulations-for-import-and-sale-in-japan",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e1e1246626869d43d25992b6adbacfb7",
"text": "Freedom suit Freedom suits were lawsuits in the Thirteen Colonies and the United States filed by enslaved people against slaveholders to assert claims to freedom , often based on descent from a free maternal ancestor , or time held as a resident in a free state or territory . The right to petition for freedom descended from English common law and allowed people to challenge their enslavement or indenture . Petitioners challenged slavery both directly and indirectly , even if slaveholders generally viewed such petitions as a means to uphold rather than undermine slavery . Beginning with the colonies in North America , legislatures enacted slave laws that created a legal basis for `` just subjection ; '' these were adopted or updated by the state and territorial legislatures that superseded them after the United States gained independence . These codes also enabled enslaved persons to sue for freedom based on wrongful enslavement . While some cases were tried during the colonial period , the majority of petitions for freedom were heard during the antebellum period in the border or the Southern United States . After the American Revolution , most northern states abolished slavery and were considered `` free . '' The United States Congress prohibited slavery in some newly established territories , and some new states were admitted to the union as free states . The rise in travel and migration of masters with slaves between free and slave states resulted in conditions that gave rise to slaves suing for freedom . Many free states had residency limits for masters who brought slaves into their territory ; after that time , the slave would be considered free . Some slaves sued for wrongful enslavement after being held in a free state . Other grounds for suit were that the person was freeborn and illegally held in slavery , or that the person was illegally held because of being descended from a freeborn woman in the maternal line . The principle of partus sequitur ventrem , first incorporated into English colonial slavery law by a 1662 statute in Virginia , established that children 's status was that of the mother . It was adopted into law by other English colonies , and the states of the United States . In Saint Louis , Missouri records of nearly 300 petition cases have been found that were filed between 1807 and 1860 , and in Washington , D.C. nearly 500 petition cases were filed in the same period . A large portion of cases , as much as one-third , either never went to trial or were settled out of court . In the early nineteenth century in St. Louis and in Washington , D.C. , nearly half of the attorneys at the bar may have acted as counsel for slave petitions . In Missouri , the courts assigned an attorney to the petitioner if it accepted a freedom suit for hearing ; some of the top attorneys in St. Louis defended slaves . After the 1830s , the number of petition cases gradually declined . But from 1800 to 1830 , most of the bar in these cities tried a petition case . Before the end of the eighteenth century , some southern states began to make petitioning for freedom more difficult . Maryland , for example , in 1796 required that county courts serve as the court of original jurisdiction , rather than the General Court of the Western Shore , an appellate court . The county courts clearly would be more favorable to the interests and views of the local planters against whom these suits were often filed . The legislature also banned those with antislavery sympathies from serving on juries in freedom suits . Virginia passed a similar law on jury composition in 1798 . But , for a few decades , courts in slave states such as Louisiana , Mississippi , and Missouri often respected the precedent of `` once free , always free '' established by free states . Until the late 1850s , they ruled that slaves who had been held in free states maintained their freedom even if brought back into slave states . Until the Civil War brought an end to slavery , thousands of freedom suits were tried in state courts across the country , with some slaves petitioning as high as the Supreme Court .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "203213350b009387cb38ee956be97af2",
"text": "Hyfrecator A hyfrecator is a low-powered medical apparatus used in electrosurgery on conscious patients , usually in an office setting . It is used to destroy tissue directly , and to stop bleeding during minor surgery . It works by emitting low-power high-frequency high-voltage AC electrical pulses , via an electrode mounted on a handpiece , directly to the affected area of the body . A continuous electrical spark discharge may be drawn between probe and tissue , especially at the highest settings of power , although this is not necessary for the device to function . The amount of output power is adjustable , and the device is equipped with different tips , electrodes and forceps , depending on the electrosurgical requirement . Unlike other types of electrosurgery , the hyfrecator does not employ a dispersive electrode pad that is attached to the patient in an area not being treated , and that leads back to the apparatus ( sometimes loosely but not quite correctly called a `` ground pad '' ) . It is designed to work with non-grounded ( insulated ) patients . The word hyfrecator is a portmanteau derived from `` high-frequency eradicator . '' It was introduced as a brand name for a device introduced in 1940 by the Birtcher Corporation of Los Angeles . Birtcher also trademark registered the name Hyfrecator in 1939 , and rights to the registered trademark were acquired by ConMed Corporation when it acquired Birtcher in 1995 . Today , machines with the name Hyfrecator are sold only by ConMed Corporation . However , the word `` hyfrecator '' is sometimes used as a genericized trademark to refer to any dedicated non-ground-return electrosurgical apparatus , and a number of manufacturers now produce such machines , although not by this name .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b6e58d8dadcdd225f9a61609a69efaa5",
"text": "Trade restriction A trade restriction is an artificial restriction on the trade of goods and/or services between two countries . It is the byproduct of protectionism . However , the term is controversial because what one part may see as a trade restriction another may see as a way to protect consumers from inferior , harmful or dangerous products . For instance Germany required the production of beer to adhere to its purity law . The law , originally implemented in Bavaria in 1516 and eventually becoming law for newly unified Germany in 1871 , made many foreign beers unable to be sold in Germany as `` beer '' . This law was struck down in 1987 by the European Court of Justice , but is still voluntarily followed by many German breweries .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a36821403be63b93907de6c089998bb9",
"text": "Joseph C. Patrick Dr. Joseph Cecil Patrick ( August 28 , 1892 -- April 12 , 1965 ) invented America 's first synthetic rubber in the early 1920s . While seeking a formulation for automotive antifreeze , he attempted to hydrolyze ethylene dichloride with sodium polysulfide . In doing so , he produced a brown , insoluble gum that later became known as Thiokol . He solved commercial production problems by inventing the suspension polymerization process , and solved compounding problems by degrading high molecular weight polymer to a low molecular weight liquid polymer . This material is one of the principal binders for rocket propellant . Patrick was the 1958 recipient of the Charles Goodyear Medal .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "221c126b3af9cb6fbd20995c2534fcb1",
"text": "Cosmetics Directive Council Directive 76/768/EEC of 1976-07-27 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to cosmetic products ( as amended ) is the main European Union law on the safety of cosmetics . It was made under Art. 100 ( ex Art. 94 ) of the Treaty of Rome . By agreement , it is also applicable in the European Economic Area . The directive defines a `` cosmetic product '' as `` any substance or preparation intended for placing in contact with the various external parts of the human body ( epidermis , hair system , nails , lips and external genital organs ) or with the teeth and the mucous membranes of the oral cavity with a view exclusively or principally to cleaning them , perfuming them or protecting them in order to keep them in good condition , change their appearance or correct body odours . '' ( Art. 1.1 ) The main part of the directive is the different lists of substances in the annexes : substances that are banned from use in cosmetics ( Annex II ) substances that are subject to restrictions on their use ( Annex III ) : such substances might only be permitted for certain types of cosmetics , or in certain concentrations , or subject to warning labels , etc. . permitted colourings ( Annex IV ) permitted preservatives ( Annex VI ) permitted UV filters ( Annex VII ) The annexes are regularly amended ( 57 times up until April 2008 ) to take account of new data on the safety of particular substances .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "48c0fb33144bf6111219f8debcea388b",
"text": "Navigation Acts The Navigation Acts were a series of English laws that restricted colonial trade to England . They were first enacted in 1651 and throughout that time until 1663 , and were repealed in 1849 . They reflected the policy of mercantilism , which sought to keep all the benefits of trade inside the Empire , and to minimize the loss of gold and silver to foreigners . They prohibited the colonies from trading directly with the Netherlands , Spain , France , and their colonies . The original ordinance of 1651 was renewed at the Restoration by Acts of 1660 , 1663 , 1670 , and 1673 , with subsequent minor amendments . The Acts formed the basis for English overseas trade for nearly 200 years . Additionally the Acts restricted the employment of non-English sailors to a quarter of the crew on returning East India Company ships . The major impetuses for the Navigation Acts were the ruinous deterioration of English trade in the aftermath of the Eighty Years ' War , and the concomitant lifting of the Spanish embargoes on trade between the Spanish Empire and the Dutch Republic . The end of the embargoes in 1647 unleashed the full power of the Amsterdam Entrepôt and other Dutch competitive advantages in world trade . Within a few years , English merchants had practically been overwhelmed in the trade in the Iberian Peninsula , the Mediterranean and the Levant . Even the trade with English colonies ( partly still in the hands of the royalists , as the English Civil War was in its final stages and the Commonwealth of England had not yet imposed its authority throughout the English colonies ) was `` engrossed '' by Dutch merchants . English direct trade was crowded out by a sudden influx of commodities from the Levant , Mediterranean and the Spanish and Portuguese empires , and the West Indies via the Dutch Entrepôt , carried in Dutch ships and for Dutch account . The obvious solution seemed to be to seal off the English and Scottish markets to these unwanted imports . A precedent was the Act the Greenland Company had obtained from Parliament in 1645 prohibiting the import of whale products into England , except in ships owned by that company . This principle was now generalised . In 1648 the Levant Company petitioned Parliament for the prohibition of imports of Turkish goods '' ... from Holland and other places but directly from the places of their growth . '' Baltic traders added their voices to this chorus . In 1650 the Standing Council for Trade and the Council of State of the Commonwealth prepared a general policy designed to impede the flow of Mediterranean and colonial commodities via Holland and Zeeland into England . On the whole , the Acts of Trade and Navigation were obeyed , except for the Molasses Act of 1733 , which led to extensive smuggling because no effective means of enforcement was provided until the 1750s . Stricter enforcement under the Sugar Act of 1764 became one source of resentment of Great Britain by merchants in the American colonies . This in turn helped push the colonies to start the American Revolution in the late 18th century , even though the consensus view among modern economic historians and economists is that the `` costs imposed on -LSB- American -RSB- colonists by the trade restrictions of the Navigation Acts were small . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b4351133f7af4a08e5aa5ec67a57c6ba",
"text": "Kudumbashree Kudumbashree is the women empowerment and poverty eradication program , framed and enforced by the State Poverty Eradication Mission ( SPEM ) of the Government of Kerala . The Mission aims to eradicate absolute poverty within a definite time frame of 10 years under the leadership of Local Self Governments formed and empowered by the 73rd and 74th Amendments of the Constitution of India . The Mission launched by the State Government with the active support of Government of India and NABARD has adopted a different methodology in addressing poverty by organizing the poor in to community-based organizations . The Mission follows a process approach rather than a project approach . The mission was officially inaugurated by the then Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee in 1998 as requested by the State Government . Kudumbashree , a community organization of Neighborhood Groups ( NHGs ) of women in Kerala , has been recognized as an effective strategy for the empowerment of women in rural as well as urban areas : bringing women together from all spheres of life to fight for their rights or for empowerment . The overall empowerment of women is closely linked to economic empowerment . Women through these NHGs work on a range of issues such as health , nutrition , agriculture , etc. besides income generation activities and seeking micro credit . Kudumbashree differs from conventional programmes in that it perceives poverty not just as the deprivation of money , but also as the deprivation of basic rights . The poor need to find a collective voice to help claim these rights . Kudumbashree was conceived as a joint programme of the Government of Kerala and Nabard implemented through Community Development Societies ( CDSs ) of Poor Women , serving as the community wing of Local Governments . Kudumbashree is formally registered as the `` State Poverty Eradication Mission '' ( SPEM ) , a society registered under the Travancore Kochi Literary , Scientific and Charitable Societies Act 1955 . It has a governing body chaired by the State Minister of LSG . There is a state mission with a field officer in each district . This official structure supports and facilitates the activities of the community network across the state . Kudumbashree differs from conventional programmes in that it perceives poverty not just as the deprivation of money , but also as the deprivation of basic rights . The poor need to find a collective voice to help claim these rights . The grassroots of Kudumbashree are Neighbourhood Groups ( NHG in short ) that send representatives to the ward level Area Development Societies ( ADS ) . The ADS sends its representatives to the Community Development Society ( CDS ) , which completes the unique three-tier structure of Kudumbashree . Today , there are 2.77 lakhs NHGs , over 19,854 ADSs and 1073 CDSs in Kudumbashree . It is this network that brings women to the Grama Sabhas and helps them bring the needs of the poor to the attention of the local governments . The Community Development Societies are also very active in Government programmes and play significant roles in development activities ranging from socio-economic surveys and enterprise development to community management and social audit . Though its efforts to engage women in civil society in development issues and opportunities , Kudumbashree in association with the local self government of Kerala is charting out new meaning and possibilities for local economic development and citizen centric governance .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6784ec82391e9efcc8c5fe95c9f2e97a",
"text": "Illegal logging in Madagascar Illegal logging has been a problem in Madagascar for decades and is perpetuated by extreme poverty and government corruption . Often taking the form of selective logging , the trade has been driven by high international demand for expensive , fine-grained lumber such as rosewood and ebony . Historically , logging and exporting in Madagascar have been regulated by the Malagasy government , although the logging of rare hardwoods was explicitly banned from protected areas in 2000 . Since then , government orders and memos have intermittently alternated between permitting and banning exports of precious woods . The most commonly cited reason for permitting exports is to salvage valuable wood from cyclone damage , although this reasoning has come under heavy scrutiny . This oscillating availability of Malagasy rosewood and other precious woods has created a market of rising and falling prices , allowing traders or `` timber barons '' to stockpile illegally sourced logs during periodic bans and then flood the market when the trade windows open and prices are high . The unsustainable exploitation of these tropical hardwoods , particularly rosewood from the SAVA Region , has escalated significantly since the start of the 2009 Malagasy political crisis . Thousands of poorly paid Malagasy loggers have flooded into the national parks -- especially in the northeast -- building roads , setting up logging camps , and cutting down even the most difficult to reach rosewood trees . Illegal activities are openly flaunted , armed militia have descended upon local villages , and a rosewood mafia easily bribe government officials , buying export permits with ease . These illegal operations are funded in part by advance payments for future shipments ( financed by Chinese expatriates and Chinese importers ) and by loans from large , international banks . Demand is fueled mostly by a growing Chinese middle class and their desire for exotic imperial-style furniture . European and American demand for high-end musical instruments and furniture have also played a role . However , public scrutiny has put significant pressure on shipping companies involved in the trade , and the United States is starting to enforce the Lacey Act by investigating companies with suspected involvement in the illegal trade of Malagasy precious woods . Logging in Madagascar 's tropical rainforests has had many secondary effects , beyond the risk of depletion of rare , endemic trees . Habitat has been disturbed , illegal mining has begun , local people have turned in desperation to the forests for resources , and poaching of endangered wildlife has escalated . Lemurs , the most well-known faunal group from the island , have been captured for the exotic pet trade as well as killed for food . Even the most critically endangered species have been targeted , primarily to feed a growing demand for delicacy food in up-scale restaurants . The local villagers have also suffered as tourism has declined sharply or ceased almost entirely . Some have resorted to working as loggers for minimal pay , while others have spoken out against it , often receiving death threats from the rosewood mafia in return .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fe979c57ba1b24dba14da9a14670e22c",
"text": "Paraspace The term ` paraspace ' comes from Samuel R. Delany , a ` space ' existing parallel to normal or ordinary space . According to Delany , the para-space is an alternate space that ` exists parallel to the normal space of the diegesis -- a rhetorically heightened `` other realm ''' ( Bukatman 1993 : 157 ) . Bukatman ( 1993 : 157 ) says `` Cyberspace is clearly a '' paraspace ' . ' `` Delany connects cyberpunk to the mysterious lunar artifact of Algis Budrys ' Rogue Moon and early evocations of outer space , all of which use inflated rhetoric to differentiate `` paraspace '' from mundane dimensions '' Samuel Review Essay . Paraspace is defined by Barry Malzberg as `` the condition of hyperspace -LSB- that -RSB- is itself insane '' ( as cited by Bukatman , 1993 : 157 ) . Michael Fisch ( 2004 : 371 , citing Murakami , 2002 : 157 ) comments `` While the para-space is often inaugurated through cognition it is always a ` materially manifested ' and ` linguistically intensified ' space in which ` conflicts that begin in ordinary space are resolved ' '' ( Murakami 2002 : 157 ) . Implications Walter Benjamin ( 1936/1968 ) declare the end of storytelling because of its incapacity to relate traumatic experiences , such as warfare , shell shock in World War I . As work lost its spaces to practice not just storytelling , but storylistening , the skills of interpretation of experience atrophied . Paraspace is the hyperspace gone insane ( Malzberg , The worker flesh-body is displaced by the corporate ad-inventions , set on the global stage of `` technoorganic reconstructions of the flesh '' ( Bukatman , 1993 : 19 ) . Walter Benjamin ( 1936 ) declared that the art of storytelling is coming to an end . We can no longer tell a tale of trauma properly . We can no longer exchange our experiences of trauma of war ( PTSD ) , economic collapse sending millions into homelessness , including veterans of the recent wars , the ubiquitousness of sweatshops , and so on . Of relevance to paraspace , the lost art of storytelling has an accumulated effect ( Fisch , 2004 : p. 365 ) ; it gets worth with cyber-real . / When the ` real ' pokes through the cyberspace , it gets quickly displaced by obfuscation . Our ` real ' in hyperspace is not closer to Lacanian Real ( FIsch , p. 372 ) . Paraspace is invisible , yet has material consequences ( Bukatman , 1992 ) . Benjamin , W. ( 1936/1968 ) Illuminations , New York : Harcourt Brace & World . Bukatman , S. ( 1992 ) . Amidst These Fields of Data : Allegory , Rhetoric , and the Paraspace . Critique : Studies in Contemporary Fiction , 33 ( 3 ) , 199-219 . Bukatman , S. ( 1993 ) Terminal Identity : The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction , Durham , NC : Duke University Press . Delany , Samuel R. ( 1988 ) . Some real mothers : An interview with Samuel R. Delany by Takayuki Tatsumi . '' Science Fiction Eye , 1 , # 3 : 5-11 . Fisch , M. ( 2004 , October ) . In search of the real : technology , shock and language in Murakami Haruki 's Sputnik Sweetheart . In Japan Forum ( Vol . 16 , No. 3 , pp. 361 -- 383 ) . Taylor & Francis . Murakami , H. ( 2002 ) Sputnik Sweetheart , trans . P. Gabriel , New York : Vintage International .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ba73169e6959653cea3b754a583c0f0e",
"text": "Fine chemical Fine chemicals are complex , single , pure chemical substances , produced in limited quantities in multipurpose plants by multistep batch chemical or biotechnological processes . They are described by exacting specifications , used for further processing within the chemical industry and sold for more than $ 10/kg ( see the comparison of fine chemicals , commodities and specialties ) . The class of fine chemicals is subdivided either on the basis of the added value ( building blocks , advanced intermediates or active ingredients ) , or the type of business transaction , namely standard or exclusive products . Fine chemicals are produced in limited volumes ( < 1000 tons/year ) and at relatively high prices ( > $ 10/kg ) according to exacting specifications , mainly by traditional organic synthesis in multipurpose chemical plants . Biotechnical processes are gaining ground . The global production value is about $ 85 billion . Fine chemicals are used as starting materials for specialty chemicals , particularly pharmaceuticals , biopharmaceuticals and agrochemicals . Custom manufacturing for the life science industry plays a big role ; however , a significant portion of the fine chemicals total production volume is manufactured in house by large users . The industry is fragmented and extends from small , privately owned companies to divisions of big , diversified chemical enterprises . The term `` fine chemicals '' is used in distinction to `` heavy chemicals '' , which are produced and handled in large lots and are often in a crude state . Since their inception in the late 1970s , fine chemicals have become an important part of the chemical industry . The total production value of $ 85 billion is split about 60 / 40 among in-house production by the main consumers , the life science industry , on the one hand , and the fine chemicals industry on the other hand . The latter pursues both a `` supply push '' strategy , whereby standard products are developed in-house and offered ubiquitously , and a `` demand pull '' strategy , whereby products or services determined by the customer are provided exclusively on a `` one customer / one supplier '' basis . The products are mainly used as building blocks for proprietary products . The hardware of the top tier fine chemical companies has become almost identical . The design , lay-out and equipment of the plants and laboratories has become practically the same all over the world . Most chemical reactions performed go back to the days of the dyestuff industry . Numerous regulations determine the way labs and plants have to be operated , thereby contributing to the uniformity .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8795b70531d4e7c86cb868fa87eca34b",
"text": "True threat A true threat is a threatening communication that can be prosecuted under the law . It is distinct from a threat that is made in jest . The U.S. Supreme Court has held that true threats are not protected under the U.S. Constitution based on three justifications : preventing fear , preventing the disruption that follows from that fear , and diminishing the likelihood that the threatened violence will occur . There is some concern that even satirical speech could be regarded as a `` true threat '' due to concern over terrorism . The true threat doctrine was established in the 1969 Supreme Court case Watts v. United States . In that case , an eighteen-year-old male was convicted in a Washington , D.C. District Court for violating a statute prohibiting persons from knowingly and willfully making threats to harm or kill the President of the United States . The conviction was based on a statement made by Watts , in which he said , '' -LSB- i -RSB- f they ever make me carry a rifle the first man I want to get in my sights is L.B.J. '' Watts appealed , leading to the Supreme Court finding the statute constitutional on its face , but reversing the conviction of Watts . In reviewing the lower court 's analysis of the case , the Court noted that `` a threat must be distinguished from what is constitutionally protected speech . '' The Court recognized that `` uninhibited , robust , and wideopen '' political debate can at times be characterized by `` vehement , caustic , and sometimes unpleasantly sharp attacks on government and public officials . '' In light of the context of Watts ' statement - and the laughter that it received from the crowd - the Court found that it was more `` a kind of very crude offensive method of stating a political opposition to the President '' than a `` true threat . '' In so holding , the Court established that there is a `` true threat '' exception to protected speech , but also that the statement must be viewed in its context and distinguished from protected hyperbole . The opinion , however , stopped short of defining precisely what constituted a `` true threat . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cf5b6cddf57c5682b53c29cf6c0c8c75",
"text": "Burantashi Burantashi ( literally `` penis get up '' ) is a native Hausa-Fulani powder derived from the bark of the African tree Pausinystalia yohimbe . Burantashi is used as a food additive to barbecued meat ( suya ) in Nigeria , especially the Northern parts . The extracts contain the alkaloid yohimbine , an alpha-2 antagonist that has been used widely with variable success in erectile dysfunction , but the whole bark of the tree was not studied until recently . In one recent study , pure Burantashi powder obtained from a local suya vendor in Lagos , Nigeria was extracted aqueously and studied on the renal circulation of Sprague-Dawley rats . In the in vivo study , the extract code-named `` CCD-X '' , caused a rise in mean arterial pressure ( MAP ) , and a rise in renal medullary blood flow ( MBF ) . This systemic vasoconstrictor and renal medullary dilator action was attenuated separately by the endothelin - A receptor blocker - BMS-182874 , ET-B blocker - BQ788 , but blocked by their combination . Further , the nitric oxide inhibitor ( NO ) , L-Nomega - nitro-Arginine Methyl Ester ( L-NAME ) 10 mg/kg totally inhibited the rise in medullary blood flow due to CCD-X . In vitro studies in isolated perfused kidneys ( IPK ) and in pressurised microvessels ( PMV ) confirmed the in vivo effect to cause vasoconstriction , which was inhibited by endothelin A and B antagonists . The pressor dose response characteristic of CCD-X on PMV was similar to that of endothelin-1 with EC50 close to 100 ng . It was concluded from these studies that , the aqueous extract exhibited a vasoconstrictor effect - possibly alpha-2 mediated like yohimbine . However , it possessed additional effects as an andothelin receptor A and B agonist , and also released nitric oxide . The possibility of a post-receptor cross-talk among ET-B , alpha-2 receptors and NO release was also considered . Thin layer chromatography showed that the bark is rich in sesquiterpenes , and has antifungal and antibiotic properties as well . Whether CCD-X will be useful in sickle cell disease ( releasing NO ) is unknown . Further basic and clinical research are needed before the effects of Burantashi can be effectively evaluated .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ffa6b057a5908cc7c6ae561933b3a3e4",
"text": "THUMS Islands The THUMS Islands or Astronaut Islands are a set of four artificial islands in San Pedro Bay off the coast of Long Beach , California . They were built in 1965 to tap into the East Wilmington Oil Field . The landscaping and sound walls were designed to camouflage the operation and reduce noise , and they are the only decorated oil islands in the United States . After a 1964 court case that gave the state of California mineral rights to the area , the islands were built at an estimated cost of $ 22 million in 1965 , the islands were operated by THUMS , a consortium named after the parent companies who bid for the island contract : Texaco , Humble ( now Exxon ) , Union Oil , Mobil , and Shell . The rim of the islands are made of 640,000 tons of boulders from Catalina Island , and the islands were then filled with 3.2 million cubic yards of dredged material from the bay . The islands contain significant landscaping , a waterfall , and tall structures concealing the drilling rigs , including one known as The Condo and mistaken for `` a ritzy hotel '' by those on land . The structures are lit in colored lights at night . The aesthetic mitigation cost $ 10 million at time of construction , and was overseen by theme park architect Joseph Linesch . They were described by a Los Angeles Times writer as `` part Disney , part Jetsons , part Swiss Family Robinson '' . In 1975 , the state of California and the city of Long Beach sued the THUMS oil companies for artificially depressing oil prices . A federal jury cleared Exxon of all charges , and the other four oil companies settled out of court for `` hundreds of millions of dollars '' . The islands and operation were purchased by Occidental Petroleum in 2000 . Since 1967 , they have been known as the Astronaut Islands , having been renamed in honor of four American astronauts who lost their lives in the service of NASA . Island Freeman ( Theodore C. `` Ted '' Freeman ) is named for the first astronaut to perish in active duty ( piloting a T-38 Talon jet trainer ) . Island Grissom ( Virgil I. `` Gus '' Grissom ) , Island White ( Edward H. White II ) , and Island Chaffee ( Roger B. Chaffee ) are named after the Apollo 1 astronauts ( launch pad accident ) . A peak of 148495 oilbbl/d were produced in 1969 . 300 Moilbbl of oil were pumped from THUMS by 1974 , the 500 millionth barrel of crude oil was pumped in 1980 . By 1992 , the pumping volume was 44444 oilbbl of oil per day through the water injection method of oil recovery , producing low-grade crude oil . By April 2002 , the 900 millionth barrel of oil was pumped . The pumped oil contained 20 % water in 1965 , and by 1994 it was 92 % water . Island Grissom is the closest to land , containing waterfalls and more sculptured screens than the other islands . The screens and decorations also serve to deter the public from swimming to the islands ( trespassers are subject to arrest ) . Island Freeman is the largest of the islands , at 12 acre .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "eff92a4ff1e150f5c1dce80352f66377",
"text": "Gomusin This is an article about Korean rubber shoes . For a cultural term , see gomsin . Not to be confused with term for athletic shoes in Philippine English ( i.e. , rubber shoes ) . Gomusin ( -LSB- komuɕʰin -RSB- ) are shoes made of rubber in a form of Korean traditional shoes . The shoes are wide , with low heels . Gomusin for men were modeled after `` gatsin '' , and ones for women were danghye . Gomusin first appeared in the early 20th century . They were much easier to keep clean than danghye and jipsin ( straw shoes ) and they could be worn when it rains . Therefore , gomusin gained a popularity and replaced traditional shoes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "337042ae68a485b3bd4948bc9bae7f90",
"text": "Schrecklichkeit Schrecklichkeit ( German `` terror '' or `` frightfulness '' ) is a word used by English speakers to describe an assumed military policy of the German Army towards civilians in World War I. It was the basis of German actions during their march through Belgium in 1914 . Similar policies were followed later in France , the Russian-held area of Poland , and in Russia . Under the traditional `` laws of war '' in Europe , military activity was to be confined to the regular , uniformed armies of each side . Civilians were to take no part in fighting , neither attacking or being attacked . Thus , when the uniformed army troops in a nation or region were all defeated , resistance was supposed to end . In practice , informal resistance by `` partisans '' , `` guerrillas '' , or `` francs-tireurs '' often continued after the `` regular '' troops had given up or withdrawn . These fighters , never officially enrolled in an army , and not wearing uniforms to identify them as combatants , attacked occupying troops by ambushes , surprises , and sniping . Conducting such operations out of uniform was considered perfidy , and those involved could be executed . Occupying armies sometimes responded to such attacks by reprisals against the local population : execution of local inhabitants , whether known to be guerrillas or not , or destruction ( usually by burning ) of homes and other structures . German army doctrine in force at the time called for such reprisals to be performed immediately and severely in any case of civilian resistance . It was argued that such schrecklichkeit would end resistance quickly with relatively little bloodshed , whereas restraint would encourage resistance , leading to greater destruction and death . When Germany invaded Belgium in 1914 , the German high command expected to sweep through the country with negligible opposition . The German army was many times larger and stronger than the Belgian army , and the Germans therefore thought that any resistance by Belgium would be futile . German leaders had even suggested to the Belgian government that in the event of war , the Belgians should just line up along the roads and watch the Germans march through . Belgium 's refusal to accept these German presumptions and its resistance to the German advance came as a surprise , and disrupted the German timetable for advancing into France . This frustration was communicated to the German troops in Belgium . Anything which delayed the German advance was to be crushed mercilessly . The Belgians were viewed as irrational and even treacherous for their opposition . This led to exaggerated suspicions among German commanders of Belgian civilian resistance . It is possible that some Belgian civilians engaged in resistance , though none is documented . It is certain that on several occasions , German commanders declared ( probably in unconscious error ) that such acts had occurred when they had not . The Germans responded to these perceived acts of resistance with harsh measures . In several villages and towns , hundreds of civilians were executed . Many buildings were put to the torch . Priests thought guilty of encouraging the resistance were killed . Violence by German soldiers against Belgians , such as rape , was ignored or not seriously punished . The Belgian city of Leuven was largely destroyed . One German officer later wrote about the town , `` We shall wipe it out ... Not one stone will stand upon another . We will teach them to respect Germany . For generations people will come here and see what we have done '' . These actions , taken in a period of near-panic as the German forces desperately tried to carry out their flanking march before Allied forces could respond , proved to be a propaganda disaster for Germany . The reports of them caused a wave of indignation which aided the Allied cause .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d059e0e1dee37c4fd387f0e34c7e7d42",
"text": "Stanley K. Cheng Stanley K. Cheng is the CEO of Meyer Corporation and Director of Meyer Manufacturing Co. Ltd. , he is considered an innovator of cookware design with his development of the Circulon and Anolon lines of cookware which married non-stick surfaces to hard-anodized aluminum with the patented `` hi-low flavor release system '' used with the Circulon line . Born 1948 in Hong Kong he is one of seven children . He attended the University of Oregon majoring in business but switched to engineering . He graduated with a bachelor 's degree in mechanical engineering from Oregon State University in 1971 . He returned to Hong Kong in 1971 to take over the family aluminum manufacturing plant and converted it to cookware , releasing his first line in London , England in 1972 . Distribution centers in Liverpool , England and Milwaukee , Wisconsin followed in 1976 and 1980 , respectively . In the 1980s he converted his factory to the production of nonstick cookware and in 1984 unveiled Circulon , the first line of hard-anodized , nonstick cookware on the market . When Circulon was introduced , the nonstick system was so unique in extending the durability of nonstick cookware that it was granted a patent . The unique Circulon Hi-Low surface made the pans at least three times more abrasion-resistant than any other nonstick cookware on the market . Anolon followed in 1986 as the first hard-anodized nonstick with a smooth cooking surface ( and heavier-gauge aluminum than Circulon ) . Unfortunately , Cheng did not patent the hard-anodized nonstick process , which allowed competitors to develop similar products . He still develops unique technologies and pans for Meyer , including Infinite Circulon 's impact-bonded base and the Anolon Outdoor BBQ Pan , respectively . Cheng won the Humanitarian of the Year award from the Housewares Charity Foundation in 2002 . In 1992 , Cheng moved his family and main office of Meyer Corporation to Vallejo , California . Meyer Manufacturing is still based in Hong Kong . After his purchase of an 80 acre vineyard in Napa Valley , he has become involved in winemaking . Hestan Vineyards is a combination of his and his wife , Helen 's , names .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
36b4cc5686deaae5d3b4479cd961913f | Iris Murdoch was a person. | [
{
"docid": "4a1bf589c3234e6ae8c1dc5c793f1424",
"text": "Iris Murdoch Dame Jean Iris Murdoch ( -LSB- ˈmɜrdɒk -RSB- 15 July 1919 -- 8 February 1999 ) was an Anglo-Irish novelist and philosopher , best known for her novels about good and evil , sexual relationships , morality , and the power of the unconscious . Her first published novel , Under the Net , was selected in 1998 as one of Modern Library 's 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century . In 1987 , she was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire . Her books include The Bell ( 1958 ) , A Severed Head ( 1961 ) , The Red and the Green ( 1965 ) , The Nice and the Good ( 1968 ) , The Black Prince ( 1973 ) , Henry and Cato ( 1976 ) , The Sea , the Sea ( 1978 , Booker Prize ) , The Philosopher 's Pupil ( 1983 ) , The Good Apprentice ( 1985 ) , The Book and the Brotherhood ( 1987 ) , The Message to the Planet ( 1989 ) , and The Green Knight ( 1993 ) . In 2008 , The Times ranked Murdoch twelfth on a list of `` The 50 greatest British writers since 1945 '' .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "98beeae826a23a718cea2990b14d8754",
"text": "James Murdoch, Jr. James Murdoch ( 28 December 1886 -- 27 October 1935 ) was an Australian politician . He was born in Cambridge , Tasmania , the son of James Murdoch , who was also a Tasmanian politician . In 1925 he succeeded his father as the independent member for Pembroke in the Tasmanian Legislative Council . He held the seat until his death in 1935 , whereupon he was succeeded by his elder brother John .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "24aa483944fbe1769371f291ffea6174",
"text": "Committee on Obscenity and Film Censorship The Committee on Obscenity and Film Censorship , better known as the Williams Committee , was a 1970s British Home Office committee chaired by Professor Bernard Williams . The task of the committee was to `` review the laws concerning obscenity , indecency and violence in publications , displays and entertainments in England and Wales , except in the field of broadcasting , and to review the arrangements for film censorship in England and Wales '' . The committee reported in 1979 that : `` Given the amount of explicit sexual material in circulation and the allegations often made about its effects , it is striking that one can find case after case of sex crimes and murder without any hint at all that pornography was present in the background . '' The Committee 's report was evidently influenced by the liberal thinking of John Stuart Mill , a philosopher greatly admired by Williams , and who used Mill 's principle of liberty to develop what he called the `` harm condition , '' whereby `` no conduct should be suppressed by law unless it can be shown to harm someone . '' Williams concluded that pornography could not be shown to be harmful and that `` the role of pornography in influencing society is not very important ... to think anything else is to get the problem of pornography out of proportion with the many other problems that face our society today . '' The committee reported that , so long as children were protected from seeing it , adults should be free to read and watch pornography as they saw fit . It found that the existing variety of laws in the field should be scrapped , and that terms such as ` obscene ' , ` indecent ' and ` deprave and corrupt ' should be abandoned as they were no longer useful . The Committee thought existing laws should be replaced with a comprehensive new statute , under which the availability of material would be restricted so that it did not cause offence to reasonable people , and was not accessible to children . The recommended restrictions on availability would not have been confined just to material that involved nudity and/or which was sexually explicit . Restrictions were to apply to : `` matter ( other than the printed word ) and to a performance whose unrestricted availability is offensive to reasonable people by reason of the manner in which it portrays , deals with or relates to violence , cruelty or horror , or sexual , faecal or urinary functions or genital organs . '' Regarding the definition of pornography the commission stated that , `` a pornographic representation is one that combines two features : it has a certain function or intention , to arouse its audience sexually , and also a certain content , explicit representations of sexual material ( organs , postures , activity , etc ) . On the difference between ` obscenity ' and ` pornography ' , the committee found that the word ` obscene ' was a subjective term that refers to peoples reaction to material , and that '' it principally expresses an intense or extreme version of what we have called ` offensiveness ' . It may be that it particularly emphasises the most strongly aversive element in that notion , the idea of an object 's being repulsive or disgusting . '' ` Pornography ' however was found to be `` a rather more objective expression referring to a certain kind of writing , picture etc ... Pornography will have some tendency to be obscene , but will not necessarily be so ... a tendency to be offensive is built into it , but it is not universally even offensive ... Still less must it inevitably be very strongly offensive or obscene . '' On whether art could be obscene , it reported that , `` work ... may be experienced as offensive , and also be experienced as having aesthetic interest , but in the case of which the two experiences do not occur at the same time . These will be works which are found offensive at first , or by a spectator who remains distanced from them , but which lose that character for someone involved in them . It did however recognize that `` it would be unwise to deny that ... there could be works which were , and remained , offensive , indeed intensely offensive or obscene . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7e9dc1d14a4cf93ba3553a3ae6a08108",
"text": "Iris Klein Iris Klein , of Germany , is the second delegate from her country to win the Miss International title in 1989 . In 1986 , she competed in the Miss Germany pageant , representing Schleswig-Holstein . She wound up as the first runner-up . She was sent to Kanazawa , Japan to participate in the Miss International pageant three years later , eventually becoming the second German representative to win the title , some 24 years after Ingrid Finger won it in 1965 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3535254c1e1b6409606645c5fd4b7ad3",
"text": "Life imitating art Anti-mimesis is a philosophical position that holds the direct opposite of Aristotelian mimesis . Its most notable proponent is Oscar Wilde , who opined in his 1889 essay The Decay of Lying that , `` Life imitates Art far more than Art imitates Life '' . In the essay , written as a Platonic dialogue , Wilde holds that anti-mimesis `` results not merely from Life 's imitative instinct , but from the fact that the self-conscious aim of Life is to find expression , and that Art offers it certain beautiful forms through which it may realise that energy . '' . What is found in life and nature is not what is really there , but is that which artists have taught people to find there , through art . As in an example posited by Wilde , although there has been fog in London for centuries , one notices the beauty and wonder of the fog because `` poets and painters have taught the loveliness of such effects ... They did not exist till Art had invented them . '' . McGrath places the antimimetic philosophy in a tradition of Irish writing , including Wilde and writers such as Synge and Joyce in a group that `` elevate blarney ( in the form of linguistic idealism ) to aesthetic and philosophical distinction '' , noting that Terry Eagleton observes an even longer tradition that stretches `` as far back in Irish thought as the ninth-century theology of John Scottus Eriugena '' and `` the fantastic hyperbole of the ancient sagas '' . Wilde 's antimimetic idealism , specifically , McGrath describes to be part of the late nineteenth century debate between Romanticism and Realism . Wilde 's antimimetic philosophy has also had influence on later Irish writers , including Brian Friel . Halliwell asserts that the idea that life imitates art derives from classical notions that can be traced as far back as the writings of Aristophanes of Byzantium , and does not negate mimesis but rather `` displace -LSB- s -RSB- its purpose onto the artlike fashioning of life itself '' . Halliwell draws a parallel between Wilde 's philosophy and Aristophanes ' famous question about the comedies written by Menander : `` O Menander and Life ! Which of you took the other as your model ? '' , noting , however , that Aristophanes was a precursor to Wilde , and not necessarily espousing the positions that Wilde was later to propound . In George Bernard Shaw 's preface to Three Plays he wrote , `` I have noticed that when a certain type of feature appears in painting and is admired as beautiful , it presently becomes common in nature ; so that the Beatrices and Francescas in the picture galleries of one generation come to life as the parlor-maids and waitresses of the next . '' He stated that he created the aristocratic characters in Cashel Byron 's Profession as unrealistically priggish even without his later understanding that `` the real world does not exist ... men and women are made by their own fancies in the image of the imaginary creatures in my youthful fictions , only much stupider . '' Shaw , however , disagreed with Wilde on some points . He considered most attempts by life to imitate art to be reprehensible , in part because the art that people generally chose to imitate was idealistic and romanticized . An example of life imitating art is that of singer/actress Miley Cyrus , whose role as the famous fictional popstar Hannah Montana in the Disney Channel sitcom of the same name gave rise to her own singing career . Hannah 's fictional popularity translated into a real-life fan-base for Cyrus as several singles credited to the character charted on the Billboard Hot 100 ( including `` The Best of Both Worlds '' , `` Life 's What You Make It '' , `` He Could Be the One '' , etc , though all of the songs were performed by Cyrus ) and when she embarked on her sold-out Best of Both Worlds Tour in 2007 , where she performed the first set of songs as Hannah Montana and the second set as herself . Cyrus ' song `` The Climb '' was the first song , credited to herself instead of the character , from an official Hannah Montana soundtrack album to become a hit single ( peaking at # 4 on the Billboard charts , making it her `` crossover song '' into mainstream pop , while Hoedown Throwdown ( off the same soundtrack album ) was her first Top 10 . Cyrus also performed several duets on the show while in-character as Hannah with real-life singers such as Sheryl Crow , David Archuleta , The Jonas Brothers , Iyaz and her real-life father Billy Ray Cyrus , as well as an unofficial duet with her real-life godmother country singer Dolly Parton .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "267463f98df343af36f9f4aa7ea9f5a1",
"text": "Finkbeiner test The Finkbeiner test is a checklist proposed by journalist Christie Aschwanden to help journalists avoid gender bias in media articles about women in science . To pass the test , an article about a female scientist must not mention : That she is a woman Her husband 's job Her child care arrangements How she nurtures her underlings How she was taken aback by the competitiveness in her field How she 's such a role model for other women How she 's the `` first woman to ... '' Aschwanden formulated the test in an article in Double X Science , an online science magazine for women , on 5 March 2013 . She did so in response to what she considered was a type of media coverage of women scientists that : `` treats its subject 's sex as her most defining detail . She 's not just a great scientist , she 's a woman ! And if she 's also a wife and a mother , those roles get emphasized too . '' Aschwanden created the test in the spirit of the Bechdel test , which is used to indicate gender bias in fiction . She named the test after fellow journalist Ann Finkbeiner , who had written a story for the science blog The Last Word on Nothing about her decision not to write about the subject of her latest article , an astronomer , `` as a woman '' . Susan Gelman , Professor of Psychology at the University of Michigan , has applauded the move to report on female scientists without emphasising their gender , but questions whether the Finkbeiner test should seek to eliminate all references to personal life , suggesting that the move should be towards asking male scientists about personal issues too . This view is shared by other writers . The test was mentioned in the media criticism of the New York Timess obituary of rocket scientist Yvonne Brill . That obituary , published on 30 March 2013 , by Douglas Martin , began with the words : `` She made a mean beef stroganoff , followed her husband from job to job and took eight years off from work to raise three children '' . A few hours after publication the New York Times revised the obituary to address some of the criticisms ; the revised version begins `` She was a brilliant rocket scientist who followed her husband from job to job ... '' . Another New York Times article , on Jennifer Doudna , published on 11 May 2015 , drew similar criticism with reference to the Finkbeiner test . A Globe and Mail article on astrophysicist Victoria Kaspi , published on 16 February 2016 , drew the same criticism . The ` Reversed Finkbeiner ' approach is an exercise in which students are asked to write an article about a male scientist that would fail the Finkbeiner test if it were about a woman .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9fb6be5444529b144d39a2ac6544821a",
"text": "Iris Origo Dame Iris Margaret Origo , Marchesa of Val d'Orcia , DBE ( 15 August 1902 -- 28 June 1988 ) , née Cutting , was an English-born biographer and writer . She lived in Italy and devoted much of her life to improving the Tuscan estate at La Foce , near Montepulciano , which she bought with her husband in the 1920s . During the Second World War , she consistently sheltered refugee children and assisted many escaped Allied prisoners of war and partisans , in defiance of Italy 's fascist regime and Nazi occupation forces .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a87a49910fb64f8eaff9f7975b78d90a",
"text": "IRIS Research The Illawarra Regional Information Service , commonly called IRIS Research or IRIS , is an Australian research organisation that specialises in economic , community and industry research for government , business and academic institutions . IRIS Research commenced operations in 1980 and is headquartered in Wollongong , New South Wales .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d0f92c4ecbc52fe68e5d383b7a205b2a",
"text": "European Australians European Australians , or White Australians , are citizens or residents of Australia whose ancestry originates from the peoples of Europe and the Caucasus . Since the early 19th century , people of European descent have formed the vast majority of the population in Australia . The majority of European Australians are of British Isles -- English , Irish , Scottish , Welsh or Cornish ( Anglo-Celtic ) -- ancestral origin . In 2010 , it was estimated that around 74 % of the Australian population were Anglo-Celtic Australians . Other significant ancestries include Italian , German , Greek , Dutch , New Zealanders ( European New Zealanders ) , Polish , Maltese and Croatian . Today , Australians of British and other European ancestries are the dominant majority in Australia , estimated at 92 % of the total population . Historically , European immigrants had great influence over Australian history and society , which resulted in the perception of Australia as a European country .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "26f4695a1e932538d4100b72592bf9e0",
"text": "Iris Marion Young Iris Marion Young ( 2 January 1949 -- 1 August 2006 ) was a political theorist and feminist focused on the nature of justice and social difference . She served as Professor of Political Science at the University of Chicago and was affiliated with the Center for Gender Studies and the Human Rights program there . Her research covered contemporary political theory , feminist social theory , and normative analysis of public policy . She believed in the importance of political activism and encouraged her students to involve themselves in their communities .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "370adda1700b1b275e1335184dff3f2a",
"text": "Keith Murdoch (rugby union) Keith Murdoch ( born 9 September 1943 ) is a former rugby union footballer from New Zealand .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "61620a9e0a0ca367eb72df46610d6756",
"text": "Peter Murdoch Peter Murdoch ( 16 October 1865 -- 24 October 1948 ) was an Australian politician . Born in Hobart , he was a member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly from 1922 , when he was elected as a Nationalist member for Franklin . He left the Nationalist Party to become an independent in 1925 and was re-elected at that year 's election , but he was defeated at the 1928 state election . After unsuccessfully contesting the 1929 by-election for the federal seat of Franklin , he retired from politics . Murdoch died in Hobart in 1948 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9e24e0b0048af7899b761c1201530e77",
"text": "Lachlan Murdoch (actor) Not to be confused with Lachlan Murdoch . Lachlan Murdoch is a Canadian film and television actor , best known for playing Constable Henry Higgins on Murdoch Mysteries .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b18f6e3776576b79dd3460f59a8b3567",
"text": "Stephen James Joyce Stephen James Joyce ( born 15 February 1932 ) is the grandson of James Joyce and the controversial executor of Joyce 's estate . He was born in France , the son of James Joyce 's son , Giorgio , and Helen Joyce , née Kastor . Stephen attended Harvard University , graduating in 1958 . At Harvard , he once roomed with Paul Matisse , grandson of French impressionist painter Henri Matisse , and with Sadruddin Aga Khan . Thereafter , he worked for the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development on African development . He retired from the OECD in 1991 to focus on managing his grandfather 's estate . He and his wife , Solange Raythchine Joyce , live in the Île de Ré in France . They have no children ; Stephen is James Joyce 's sole living descendant . Stephen Joyce and Seán Sweeney are the joint trustees of the Estate of James Joyce . He has taken an active role in all legal matters relating to Joyce 's works . He has brought numerous lawsuits or threats of legal action against scholars , biographers , and artists attempting to quote from Joyce 's literary work or personal correspondence . In 2004 , Joyce threatened legal action against the Irish government when the Rejoyce Dublin 2004 festival proposed public reading of excerpts of Ulysses on Bloomsday . In 1988 Stephen Joyce destroyed a collection of letters written by Lucia Joyce , his aunt . In 1989 he forced Brenda Maddox to delete a postscript concerning Lucia from her biography Nora : The Real Life of Molly Bloom . After 1995 Stephen announced no permissions would be granted to quote from his grandfather 's work . Libraries holding letters by Joyce were unable to show them without permission . Versions of his work online were disallowed . Stephen claimed to be protecting his grandfather 's and his family 's reputation , but would sometimes grant permission to use material in exchange for fees that were often `` extortionate '' . On 13 January 2011 , on the 70th anniversary of Joyce 's death , all of his works entered the public domain in much of the world . In the US however , some of Joyce 's work remains protected by copyright . Prior to this , in 2007 , Joyce 's hold on the estate had already been delimited by a fair use suit brought by Carol Loeb Schloss and the Stanford Law School Center for Internet and Society 's Fair Use Project . When the Central Bank of Ireland issued a ten euro James Joyce commemorative coin on 10 April 2013 , Stephen Joyce described the coin and the circumstances of its issue as `` one of the greatest insults to the Joyce family that has ever been perpetrated in Ireland '' . He complained of a lack of consultation over the coin ; he objected to an error in a Joycean quotation inscribed on the coin ; he was upset by the design of the portrait of the writer on the coin , calling it `` the most unlikely likeness of Joyce ever produced '' ; and he described as highly insensitive and offensive the decision to issue the coin on the anniversary of the death of his grandmother , Nora Joyce , who died in 1951 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c3eb5c8973c94618f82555274f57e6e8",
"text": "William Murdoch (politician) James William ( Bill ) Murdoch ( June 15 , 1904 -- April 28 , 1984 ) was Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1960 to 1963 . He served as the Progressive Conservative MPP for Essex South from his election in 1943 until his retirement in 1963 . He was born in Leeds , England , the son of James Murdoch and Elizabeth Mary Hole , and was educated in England . Murdoch came to Canada , where he became a farmer , in 1923 . In 1932 , he married Marie Bondy . Murdoch served on the local school board and was treasurer on the municipal council for Harrow , Ontario . Murdoch was defeated when he ran for reelection in 1963 . From 1968 to 1971 and from 1974 to 1976 , he served on Amherstburg town council . He died in 1984 in Amherstburg . He is buried at Colchester Memorial Cemetery , Colchester , Ontario .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d67023d1da5ed757ff19da22d119c775",
"text": "Death of Aisling Symes The disappearance of Aisling Celine Symes , a two-year-old girl of Irish and New Zealand descent , occurred on 5 October 2009 in Auckland , New Zealand . It was initially thought the girl had been abducted , but on 12 October 2009 it was confirmed that a body had been located in a storm water drain on a property adjoining the one from where she went missing . The body was confirmed to be Aisling 's . Aisling 's parents are Angela and Allan Symes . Allan Symes is originally from Stradbally , County Waterford in Ireland . He had lived in New Zealand for 18 years at the time of Aisling 's disappearance . The last known person to see Aisling was her five-year-old sister Caitlin . A description issued of an Asian woman believed to have been in the vicinity prompted a number of incidents where Asian mothers were targeted by curious members of the public . The disappearance attracted headlines in New Zealand and Ireland , particularly as child abduction is an unusual occurrence in New Zealand . One New Zealand police inspector claimed on Morning Ireland that only five children had disappeared in his country in the previous fifty years . The New Zealand Herald said nine children had disappeared without trace in the country in sixty years , at least two cases of which involved more than one child at a time . Forty members of the New Zealand police were quickly put on the case . This had risen to sixty by the end of the first week and was set to rise again before her body was located . Sophie Tedmanson of The Times and Paul Chapman of The Daily Telegraph compared Aisling 's case to that of the disappearance of Madeleine McCann . Madeleine 's parents , who had lived in New Zealand for a time prior to their marriage , said their `` thoughts and prayers '' were with the Symes family . The grandfather of Amber-Lee Cruickshank , a two-year-old child who disappeared in late 1992 , also sent his regards , saying `` It 's not very nice , I tell you '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d6124ceaba61cb4ad96d60613b524d3e",
"text": "Gillian Armstrong Gillian May Armstrong ( born 18 December 1950 ) is an award-winning Australian feature film and documentary director , who specializes in period-drama . Her films often feature female perspectives and protagonists .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "28657197232a2fb24f2dfc9b9e5ed6f5",
"text": "Willie Mulvagh Willie Mulvagh , lover of Nora Barnacle , 1881 - 195 ? Mulvagh was born in Mary Street , Galway , and worked in the town 's mineral company as an accountant . One day he accosted Nora on O'Brien 's Bridge and asked her to go out with him . Initially unattracted , Nora accepted his offer as young women needed to be accompanied to the local dances , and Nora and her friends loved dancing . However , in turn of the century Galway it was not acceptable for Catholic girls to be courted by Protestant boys . Subterfuge was necessitated , aided by Nora 's friend , Mary . Mulvagh has become well known by readers of Molly Bloom 's monologue in Ulysses with the line `` Mulveys was the first . '' What exactly he was the first to do remains unknown . Brenda Maddox speculates that `` it seems as if Willie Mulvagh may have been the first to instruct Nora in the art of pleasing a man without losing her virtue ... posterity is entitled to suspect that the young man from the mineral water factory and Nora Barnacle ventured further in their embraces than Nora revealed to her girlfriend waiting the Abbey Church 's pews . '' The immediate result of this was a severe punishing of Nora by her uncle Tommy Healy ; he beat her with his thorn stick until she fell . Nora later gave this as the main reason for her decision to run away to Dublin . Mulvagh himself converted to marry his Catholic wife three years later , as did his brothers . However , he never forgot Nora : `` Twice a widower , Willie lived on until the 1950s and in his last years made his home in England with his daughter . He was a silent man who never spoke about his past , never read books and had not the faintest idea that he was in Ulysses . His daughter was all the more startled one day , therefore , when Willie looked up from his newspaper , his memory apparently jogged by something he had read , and asked `` James Joyce ? Did n't he marry a Galway girl by the name of Barnacle ? ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f87d552c1c584cd42f4ebfb7e0b8aeae",
"text": "Iris versicolor Iris versicolor is also commonly known as the blue flag , harlequin blueflag , larger blue flag , northern blue flag , and poison flag , plus other variations of these names , and in Britain and Ireland as purple iris . It is a species of Iris native to North America , in the Eastern United States and Eastern Canada . It is common in sedge meadows , marshes , and along streambanks and shores . The specific epithet versicolor means `` variously coloured '' . It is one of the three Iris species in the Iris flower data set outlined by Ronald Fisher in his 1936 paper `` The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems '' as an example of linear discriminant analysis .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d58fd7f0f4bf6661b1fa243d7dc7326f",
"text": "Robin Murdoch Robin `` Bob '' Murdoch ( 31 July 1911 -- 13 September 1994 ) was a Scottish athlete who competed in the 1934 British Empire Games . At the 1934 Empire Games he was a member of the Scottish relay team which won the bronze medal in the 4 × 110 yards event . In the 220 yards competition he finished fourth and in the 100 yards contest he finished fifth .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "975b6913b1613a0ae043d4dbcd4689d0",
"text": "Something Special (short story) `` Something Special '' is the only published short story by Iris Murdoch . It first appeared in 1957 in a collection entitled Winter 's Tales 3 , and after inclusion in anthologies in Japan ( 1971 , 1972 ) , England ( 1979 ) and Finland ( 1990 ) it was republished separately by Chatto & Windus in 1999 . Yvonne Geary , the 24-year-old daughter of a Dublin shopkeeper , is courted by a young Jewish man , Sam Goldman , who takes her out for the night . After an unpleasant scene at a rowdy public house Sam decides to take Yvonne into his confidence .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
aa3bbd45abf31c7f007eb754666cbaf3 | 50 Cent was ranked ahead of Eminem and Nelly for best rapper by Billboard. | [
{
"docid": "00c4fdbdf24dbd463ec8c29e105607b4",
"text": "50 Cent Curtis James Jackson III ( born July 6 , 1975 ) , known professionally as 50 Cent , is an American rapper , actor , businessman , and investor . Born in the South Jamaica neighborhood of the borough of Queens , Jackson began selling drugs at age twelve during the 1980s crack epidemic . Although he left drug-dealing to pursue a musical career , in 2000 he was shot nine times . After Jackson released the compilation album Guess Who 's Back ? in 2002 , he was discovered by Eminem and signed by Shady Records , Aftermath Entertainment and Interscope Records . With the aid of Eminem and Dr. Dre ( who produced his first major-label album , Get Rich or Die Tryin ' ) , Jackson became one of the world 's best selling rappers and rose to prominence with East Coast hip hop group G-Unit ( which he leads de facto ) . In 2003 , he founded G-Unit Records , signing his G-Unit associates Young Buck , Lloyd Banks and Tony Yayo . Jackson had similar commercial and critical success with his second album , The Massacre , which was released in 2005 . He released his fifth studio album , Animal Ambition , in 2014 and is working on his sixth studio album , Street King Immortal . He executive produces the show Power , which airs on Starz . During his career Jackson has sold over 30 million albums worldwide and won several awards , including a Grammy Award , thirteen Billboard Music Awards , six World Music Awards , three American Music Awards and four BET Awards . He has pursued an acting career , appearing in the semi-autobiographical film Get Rich or Die Tryin ' ( 2005 ) , the Iraq War film Home of the Brave ( 2006 ) and Righteous Kill ( 2008 ) . 50 Cent was ranked the sixth-best artist of the 2000s and the third-best rapper ( behind Eminem and Nelly ) by Billboard . Rolling Stone consider Get Rich or Die Tryin ' and `` In Da Club '' to be in their lists of `` 100 Best albums of the 2000s '' and `` 100 Best songs of the 2000s '' at numbers 37 and 13 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "7152ae9c006dedef1d7c59bbc167db49",
"text": "Snoop Dogg discography The discography of American rapper Snoop Dogg of fifteen studio albums , four collaborative albums , seventeen compilation albums , one extended play , twenty mixtapes , 127 singles ( including seventy-four as a featured artist ) , and fourteen promotional singles . He has sold over 23.5 million albums in United States and 37 million albums worldwide . He has garnered fourteen top ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100 ( including eight as a featured artist ) . Snoop Dogg came to attention of the music industry in 1992 , through his vocal contributions on Dr. Dre 's The Chronic . That album is considered to have `` transformed the entire sound of West Coast rap '' by its development of what later became known as the `` G-funk '' sound . The Chronic expanded gangsta rap with profanity , anti-authoritarian lyrics and multi-layered samples taken from 1970 's P-Funk records . Snoop Dogg contributed vocals to Dre 's solo single , `` Deep Cover '' , which led to a high degree of anticipation among hip hop for the release of his own solo album . Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , was released in 1993 under Death Row Records , debuting at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums charts , powered by spectacular first week sales 803,000 units . Doggystyle became certified 4 × platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including `` What 's My Name ? '' , `` Gin & Juice '' and the European hit `` Doggy Dogg World '' . As of March 2008 , the album has sold 6,137,000 copies in the United States . In 1994 , Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was The Case , starring himself . Murder Was the Case debuted on the Billboard 200 at number one , selling 329,000 units in the first week sales . The following week it stayed on top with 197,000 copies sold and was certified Gold . The album is certified 2x platinum with 2,030,000 copies sold . Following to the successful release of his debut album Doggystyle ( 1993 ) , Snoop was charged with a murder . In 1995 , Snoop had been spending much time preparing for the case , which went to trial , which took place later that year . In February 1996 , he was cleared of all charges and began working on his second album , without Dr. Dre as a frequent record producer on the album . This is also Snoop 's final album on Death Row Records , under the name of Snoop Doggy Dogg . His second album Tha Doggfather ( 1996 ) , also debuted at number one on US charts and UK R&B Charts . The album was certified double platinum in 1997 . Preceding the album 's release by European singles ; `` Snoop 's Upside Ya Head '' , `` Vapors '' and `` Doggfather '' . In 1998 Snoop released Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told it was released , by No Limit Records . It is his first album following his departure from Death Row Records . It was also his first album to be released under a slight change to his stage name `` Snoop Dogg '' for contractual reasons . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart , selling over 520,000 copies in its first week , and remained on top for the second week selling additional 246,000 units according to SoundScan . It remained in the top ten for five weeks ; thus it was quickly certified double platinum later that year . In terms of chart success it is one of his most successful containing the singles Still a G Thang and Woof . As of March 2008 , the album has sold 2,085,000 copies in the United States . The fourth studio album , No Limit Top Dogg , was released on May 11 , 1999 . The album 's lead single `` Bitch Please '' featuring Xzibit and Nate Dogg , produced by Dr. Dre became a hit . The music video for the album 's second single `` G Bedtime Stories '' which was a success , the song was produced by Meech Wells . No Limit Top Dogg debuted at number 2 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 187,400 copies in its first week . Though it was Snoop Dogg 's first album to not debut at number one and have strong album sales for the first week , it eventually sold 1,100,000 copies by closing the year of 1999 making it the 73rd best selling album of the year . As of March 2008 , the album had sales 1,518,000 copies in the United States . The third and final album released on No Limit Records and his first album on his newly founded label Doggystyle Records , Tha Last Meal was released on December 19 , 2000 . The album included the singles `` Snoop Dogg ( What 's My Name Pt . 2 ) '' , `` Hennesey n Buddah '' featuring Kokane , `` Lay Low '' featuring Nate Dogg , `` Loosen ' Control '' and `` Wrong Idea '' featuring Bad Azz . The single `` Snoop Dogg ( What 's My Name II ) '' was nominated for Music Video of the Year at The Source Hip-Hop Music Awards 2001 . The album was nominated Album of the Year at the same ceremony . The single `` Wrong Idea '' was also included in Bad Azz 's second album Personal Business released on Doggystyle . Tha Last Meal debuted at number 9 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 397,238 copies in its first week . In the third week the album reached at number 4 in the US chart . The album topped the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums for four consecutive weeks . In 2001 the album has sold 1,200,000 copies in the United States . Has sold over 2,068,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan . The sixth studio album , Paid tha Cost to Be da Bo $ $ was supported by two singles : `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' featuring Pharrell and the other-Pharrell track `` Beautiful '' also featuring Charlie Wilson . The album debuted at number 12 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 174,000 copies in its first week . The album has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and has sold 1,500,000 copies worldwide . The album 's lead single , titled `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' featuring guest vocals from Pharrell , was released on October 15 , 2002 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . The music video for `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' , was directed by Diane Martel , under the alias Bucky Chrome . The second single , `` Beautiful '' featuring Pharrell and Charlie Wilson , was released on January 28 , 2003 . The song also was produced by The Neptunes . The music video for `` Beautiful '' featuring Pharrell and Charlie Wilson ( who he did not make it to the video ) , was directed by Chris Robinson and it was released in 2003 . The video took place in Brazil . The video helped exceeded the song to become a hit on the Billboard charts . The seventh studio R&G ( Rhythm & Gangsta ) : The Masterpiece was released 2004 . `` Drop It Like It 's Hot '' featuring Pharrell , was released as the album 's lead single on September 14 , 2004 . With the production by The Neptunes , the song gained some critical attention for its very sparse production . The song essentially is just tongue clicks , keyboards and a drum machine beat , which compared to much early 2000s rap , was very minimalist . It was nominated at the Grammy Awards for Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , though it lost both awards to the songs `` Jesus Walks '' by Kanye West and `` Let 's Get It Started '' by The Black Eyed Peas , respectively . The song reached at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart and number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 , becoming Snoop 's first US number one single . The song internationally reached the top-ten in a huge 12 countries . The second single , `` Let 's Get Blown '' featuring Pharrell , was released on December 14 , 2004 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . It did not repeat the success of `` Drop It Like It 's Hot '' , but it filled the gap between the aforementioned song and the club hit `` Signs '' . Keyshia Cole , who had not garnered a reputation at that time and was therefore left uncredited ( her contribution to the R&G song `` Pass It Pass It '' also went uncredited ) . The song samples and contains interpolations from Slave 's `` Watching You '' , which was also interpolated in `` Gin and Juice . '' The single is one of Snoop Dogg 's biggest hits in the UK for peaking at number 13 and number 54on the US Billboard Hot 100 . `` Signs '' featuring Justin Timberlake and Charlie Wilson , was released on April 25 , 2005 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . In May 2005 , the single reached at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart and number 46 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart . However , it was more popular in Australia staying at number one on the Australian Singles Chart for two weeks . Internationally , the song reached the top-ten in 11 countries . The final single , `` Ups & Downs '' featuring Bee Gees , was released on August 15 , 2005 . The song was produced by Warryn Campbell . The song interpolates The Bee Gees ' 1979 hit `` Love You Inside Out '' . The song charted in several countries , but did n't match the success from his previous singles on the album . R&G debuted at number 6 on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 225,000 copies in its first week . In its second week , the album fell to number 9 on the Billboard 200 , selling 203,000 copies , for a two-week total of 428,000 units . As of March 2008 , the album sales 1,724,000 copies in the United States . In 2006 , the song `` I Wan na Love You '' , a collaboration with Akon , became Snoop 's second number one on the Hot 100 . Tha Blue Carpet Treatment Snoop 's eighth studio album , was released in 2006 . Tha Blue Carpet Treatment debuted at number 5 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 264,000 copies in its first week . On the Nielsen SoundScan annual `` Best Sellers Top 100 '' rankings when the album was listed 97th with the 2006 year-end catalog closing sales number of 637,000 copies despite having been released in mid-November and its sales data is accumulated for only one and a half months . As of March 2008 , the album had sales 903,000 copies in the United States . On November 20 , 2007 he released the single `` Sexual Eruption '' peaked at number 7 on The Hot 100 . The ninth studio album Ego Trippin ' , it was released by Geffen Records on March 11 , 2008 . The album sold over 137,000 copies in its first week in the United States , debuting at number 3 on the US Billboard 200 chart . In its second week the album fell to number 7 on the Billboard 200 chart , selling 57,000 copies , for a two-week total of 194,000 units . Ego Trippin was the tenth best selling hip hop album of the year , selling 401,000 copies in the US . Malice n Wonderland is the tenth studio album by American rapper Snoop 's ; it was released on December 8 , 2009 . The album included the Billboard charts singles `` Gangsta Luv '' and `` I Wan na Rock '' . Malice n Wonderland debuted at number 23 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 61,000 copies in its opening week . It is his first album since Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss ( 2002 ) not to reach the top ten on the Billboard 200 , his lowest charting album on the US R&B / Hip-Hop charts and his only album to miss the British and Australian Top 100 . Malice n Wonderland has sold over 400,000 copies in the United States as of 2011 . In 2011 , Snoop 's was released top ten album Doggumentary , the album debuted at number eight on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 50,000 copies in its first week in the United States . Snoop Dogg collaborated with David Guetta for a remix of the latter 's single `` Wet '' , newly titled `` Sweat '' . It topped the charts in countries such as France , Australia and Austria . In 2011 , Snoop released a soundtrack on Mac & Devin Go to High School with Wiz Khalifa . `` Young , Wild & Free '' , the soundtrack 's lead single which features Bruno Mars , and produced by The Smeezingtons , was released on October 11 , 2011 . In its first week it sold 159,000 digital copies , debuting at number 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , and number 44 on the Canadian Hot 100 . In 2012 , after a trip to Jamaica , Snoop announced a conversion to the Rastafari movement and a new alias , Snoop Lion '' ' . Under the new moniker , he released a reggae album , Reincarnated . As of May 2015 , the album has sold 104,000 copies in the United States . The album topped Billboard Top Reggae Albums for 34 non-consecutive weeks n His thirteenth solo studio album , Bush , was released in May 2015 . It was supported by the singles ; `` Peaches N Cream '' featuring Charlie Wilson , `` So Many Pros '' , and `` California Roll '' featuring Stevie Wonder . The album was the eighth best-selling album of the week . Bush was the sixth Snoop 's solo album to debut at number one on the Billboard '' Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums . Coolaid was released July 1 , 2016 on eOne . His latest album Neva Left was released on Doggystyle and Empire records on May 19 , 2017 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bb404d9bcaec4563bc57b911d4ec398d",
"text": "Major Key (album) Major Key ( stylized as Major ð ''` ) is the ninth studio album by DJ Khaled . It was released on July 29 , 2016 , by We the Best Music Group and Epic Records . The album features guest appearances from Future , Big Sean , Rick Ross , Jay Z , Drake , Nas , Kendrick Lamar , Betty Wright , J. Cole , Bryson Tiller , Nicki Minaj , Chris Brown , August Alsina , Jeremih , Kodak Black , Jeezy , French Montana , YG , Yo Gotti , Gucci Mane , 2 Chainz , Jadakiss , Fabolous , Fat Joe , Busta Rhymes , Kent Jones , Travis Scott , Lil Wayne , Meghan Trainor , Wiz Khalifa , Wale and Mavad The album was supported by four singles , `` For Free '' , `` I Got the Keys '' , `` Holy Key '' and `` Do You Mind '' . Major Key received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 . The album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in November 2016 . It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5",
"text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2dd9d3b2e7d7cabc2b8e8c0d6d8d2012",
"text": "List of awards and nominations received by Missy Elliott Missy Elliott is an American rapper , singer-songwriter , author , record producer and actress . Missy 's debut album Supa Dupa Fly was released on July 15 , 1997 in the United States under her own label The Goldmind Inc. signed under Elektra Records . Her second album Da Real World was then released on June 22 , 1999 , followed by her third album Miss E. . . So Addictive , released on May 15 , 2001 . Under Construction was the fourth album released by Elliott , which was released on November 12 , 2002 , followed by her fifth album This Is Not a Test ! that saw a release in November 25 , 2003 , and The Cookbook , Elliott 's latest album to date , which was released on July 4 , 2005 . Throughout Missy Elliott 's career , she has received several awards and nominations . Elliott would also be noted to become the first female rapper in history to take home the award for `` Best International Video '' from VIVA Comet Media Awards for her solo debut single , `` The Rain ( Supa Dupa Fly ) '' . Elliott 's debut Supa Dupa Fly ( 1997 ) would go on to score two Grammy nominations for Best Rap Solo Performance & Best Rap Album , alongside three MTV Music Video Awards nominations for `` Best Direction in a Video , '' `` Best Breakthrough Video '' & `` Best Rap Video '' . Missy Elliott 's second album Da Real World ( 1999 ) attained a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album . She also received an award for `` Best R&B / Soul or Rap Music Video '' by the Soul Train Awards . The album went on to go platinum making it Elliott 's second platinum album . The follow-up , Miss E. . . So Addictive ( 2001 ) , was a commercial success ; selling over 9.2 million copies worldwide making it her third consecutive platinum album . This album would attain twelve MTV Video Music Awards nominations throughout 2001 and 2002 . Additionally , the effort gained Elliott several nominations from various award shows some including , the Grammy Awards , MTV Video Music Awards , and the BET Awards . On March 27 , 2001 , Lil ' Kim , Christina Aguilera , Pink , and Mýa recorded a cover version of the LaBelle song , `` Lady Marmalade '' as a medley for the feature film Moulin Rouge that Missy Elliott wrote and produced , which topped # 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for five weeks . `` Lady Marmalade '' scored Elliott 's first Grammy Award in 2002 for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals . Missy Elliott 's fourth album Under Construction ( 2002 ) was certified double platinum , making it her fourth platinum album . The effort gained Elliott eight MTV Video Music Awards in 2003 , taking two awards for `` Video of the Year & `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . The album also gained Elliott five Grammy nominations in 2004 for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , Best Rap Album , Album of The Year , Best Rap Song & Best Female Rap Solo Performance taking an award for Best Female Rap Solo Performance . Elliott 's follow-up This Is Not a Test ! ( 2003 ) would also attain a platinum certification , as well as two MTV Video Music Awards and one MTV Music Video Japan Awards nominations . The Cookbook ( 2005 ) is Missy Elliott 's latest album to date . The effort attained three Grammy nominations in 2006 for Best Short Form Music Video , Best Rap Song & Best Rap Album . Elliott received the award for Best Short Form Music Video for her single `` Lose Control '' . The Cookbook also gained Elliott seven MTV Video Music Awards nominations , taking two awards for `` Best Dance Video '' and `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . In 2014 , Missy Elliott became nominated for a Grammy for Best R&B Song for the featured single , `` Without Me '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f501bca0cd78ba1f30657e298cc11aa4",
"text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 1983 The Billboard 200 , published in Billboard magazine , is a weekly chart that ranks the highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States . In 1983 , the name of the chart was Top LPs & Tape . Before Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales in 1991 , Billboard estimated sales from a representative sampling of record stores nationwide , using telephone , fax or messenger service . Data were based on rankings made by the record stores of the best-selling records , not on actual sales figures . There were six number-one albums on this chart in 1983 , including the debut album of the Australian band Men at Work , Business as Usual , which spent the last seven weeks of 1982 and the first eight weeks of 1983 at number one , and was certified quadruple platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in 1984 . Thriller , the sixth studio album by recording artist Michael Jackson , was released on November 1982 . It peaked at number one for twenty-two non-consecutive weeks in 1983 with another fifteen consecutive weeks at the top into the following year , and seven songs from the album became top ten singles between late 1982 and early 1984 . Two of them : `` Billie Jean '' and `` Beat It '' , reached the top position of the Billboard Hot 100 . Thriller won eight Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year at the 26th Grammy Awards , and was the best-selling album of 1983 with more than fifteen million copies sold . In 2008 , twenty-five years after its release , the record was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame , and a few weeks later , it was among twenty-five recordings preserved by the Library of Congress to the National Recording Registry as `` culturally significant '' . Flashdance , the soundtrack to the 1983 musical and romance film of the same name , peaked at number one for two weeks and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture . The two singles released from the album , `` Flashdance ... What a Feeling '' by Irene Cara , and `` Maniac '' by Michael Sembello , reached the top of the singles chart in 1983 . The New York Times considered the British band The Police to be the year 's most influential rock band . Australian , British , and American bands copied the white-reggae formula of their ( The Police 's ) earlier successes . The group released their fifth and final studio album , Synchronicity , in 1983 . The album , a varied accomplished blend of rock , funk , and third-world rhythms , stayed at number one for seventeen weeks and was certified four times platinum by the RIAA in 1984 . Metal Health , the third album by heavy metal band Quiet Riot , peaked at number one for one week , becoming the first heavy metal record to reach the top of the Billboard 200 . Singer-songwriter Lionel Richie released his second album Ca n't Slow Down in 1983 , which spent three weeks at the top and won the Grammy Award for Album of the Year at the 27th Grammy Awards .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f23f0d745347bd4adab0b957cf55f98a",
"text": "J. Cole discography American hip hop recording artist J. Cole has released four studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , two extended plays , three mixtapes , sixteen singles ( including nine as a featured artist ) , two promotional singles and twenty music videos . J. Cole first took up rapping in his teens , collaborating with the local Fayetteville hip hop duo Bomm Sheltuh . The Come Up , his debut mixtape , was released on May 4 , 2007 to positive reception . Following the release of The Come Up , J. Cole was contacted by American rapper Jay Z and subsequently signed to his record label Roc Nation . Cole released his second mixtape The Warm Up on June 15 , 2009 . `` Lights Please '' , the first single from The Warm Up , peaked at number nine on the United States Billboard Bubbling Under R&B / Hip-Hop Singles chart and became Cole 's first entry on a national record chart . He was later featured on `` All I Want Is You '' , a 2010 single by American R&B singer Miguel -- it peaked at number 58 on the US Billboard Hot 100 . J. Cole 's third mixtape Friday Night Lights was released on November 12 , 2010 . J. Cole released his debut studio album Cole World : The Sideline Story on September 27 , 2011 . It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 , with first-week sales of 218,000 copies . The album 's lead single `` Work Out '' peaked at number thirteen on the Billboard Hot 100 and became a top ten hit on the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs and Hot Rap Songs charts . Cole World : The Sideline Story was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , while `` Work Out '' was certified two times platinum . Two more singles were released from the album : `` Ca n't Get Enough '' and `` Nobody 's Perfect '' , which peaked at numbers 52 and 61 respectively on the Hot 100 . J. Cole 's second studio album Born Sinner was released on June 18 , 2013 . Its lead single , `` Power Trip '' , peaked at number 19 on the Hot 100 and received a platinum certification from the RIAA . On December 9 , 2014 , he released his third studio album 2014 Forest Hills Drive . The album was supported by four singles : `` Apparently '' , `` Wet Dreamz '' , `` No Role Modelz '' and `` Love Yourz '' . The album also went on to sell 353,000 copies in its first week , and became the first rap album in 25 years to be certified platinum in the US with no guest appearances . The songs `` No Role Modelz '' and `` Wet Dreamz '' later received a platinum certification from the RIAA . In addition to his fourth album , Cole released three singles in 2016 : `` Love Yourz '' , `` Everybody Dies '' , and `` False Prophets '' . His album 4 Your Eyez Only was released on the second anniversary of 2014 Forest Hill Drive . 4 Your Eyez Only was certified gold before it debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , despite having no singles upon release . `` Deja Vu '' was later given a single release after peaking at number 7 on the Hot 100 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "278088df63d33203bb8c0bf0b233a87a",
"text": "Party (Beyoncé song) `` Party '' is a song recorded by American singer Beyoncé for her fourth studio album , 4 ( 2011 ) . It features guest vocals from American rapper André 3000 and uncredited vocals from Kanye West , and was released by Columbia Records as the fourth single from 4 on August 30 , 2011 . The song was written by Kanye West , Jeff Bhasker and Beyoncé , with the production being handled by Beyoncé and West and was co-produced by Bhasker . A midtempo R&B song , `` Party '' exhibits elements of the 1980s funk and soul music , and samples the 1985 song `` La Di Da Di '' , written by Dexter Mills , Douglas Davis and Ricky Walters . It recalls the work of New Edition and Prince , among others . Built on a 808-retro beat , multi-tracked harmonies , and a smooth groove , the song 's instrumentation includes slow-bouncing synthesizers , keyboard tones , and drums . Lyrically , `` Party '' gives ode to political themes such as feminism and sexual empowerment . In his rap verses , André 3000 references milk and gets philosophical about his own career . `` Party '' was nominated for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 54th Grammy Awards . The song reached number 50 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart . It debuted on the US Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart in July 2011 , and peaked at number 2 on the chart for three consecutive weeks . Following the release of 4 , `` Party '' charted at number 19 on the South Korea Gaon International Singles Chart . `` Party '' was part of Beyoncé 's set list for her 4 Intimate Nights with Beyoncé and the Revel Presents : Beyoncé Live residency shows .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2922456af640137e0ae590ce8f9dad0d",
"text": "400 Degreez 400 Degreez is the 3rd studio album by Magnolia Projects , New Orleans , Louisiana-based rapper Juvenile . The album was released on November 3 , 1998 , on Cash Money Records . It remains Juvenile 's best-selling album of his solo career and currently the best-selling album ever released on Cash Money Records along with Drake 's Views ( album ) . The album was certified 4x Platinum by the RIAA , on December 19 , 1999 . Two singles , `` Ha '' and `` Back That Azz Up '' became hip hop hits in the United States . `` Back That Azz Up '' peaked at # 19 on the Billboard Hot 100 music chart along with `` Ha '' which peaked at # 68 on the hot 100 music chart . The album peaked at # 2 on Billboard 's Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums music chart and at # 9 on the Billboard 200 music chart in 1999 . It also went to claim the # 1 position on the Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums chart on the Billboard Year-End chart for 1999 . As a single , `` Back That Azz Up '' was released , credited , and charted as the more censored `` Back That Thang Up '' . Also the album features a bonus remix of the single `` Ha '' with New York rapper Jay-Z , the only guest appearance outside of Cash Money and the 1st time Ca $ h Money collaborated with an east coast rapper on a song . As of 2013 , 400 Degreez has sold well over 5 million copies worldwide . The album won R&B Album Of The Year at the 1999 Billboard Music Awards .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a8e66c6abf1f41c308ae452cb59a3100",
"text": "MTV Europe Music Award for Best Song The MTV Europe Music Award for Best Song is the main award of the EMA 's . It was first awarded in 1994 , when `` 7 Seconds '' won it , and has been given out since . Lady Gaga , Pink and Beyoncé have been the big winners with two awards . In 2007 and 2008 the category was named Most Addictive Track , but in 2009 called again Best Song .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0b98cc07cc91023c9f7351797f784ed6",
"text": "One More Chance (The Notorious B.I.G. song) `` One More Chance / Stay with Me ( Remix ) '' is a song written and recorded by American rapper The Notorious B.I.G. , featuring additional vocals sung by his wife Faith Evans and an uncredited appearance by Mary J. Blige . It was certified platinum by the RIAA on July 31 , 1995 and sold 1.1 million copies . The original version of the song appears on B.I.G. 's album , Ready to Die . The remix features new lyrics , a new chorus , and a different beat than the original . There is also a `` hip hop mix '' which samples Marley Marl 's `` Droppin Science '' ( featuring rapper Craig G ) . Evans was an up-and-coming R&B artist at the time . The remix , produced by the Trackmasters samples DeBarge 's 1983 song `` Stay with Me '' . The song peaked at # 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 and topped the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart . It was the highest debuting single of all time , tying with Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson song `` Scream '' when it entered the Hot 100 at # 5 at the time . ( This record stood until later that year , when Michael Jackson 's `` You Are Not Alone '' debuted at number one . ) It remained the highest debuting single for a rap song on the Hot 100 until Puff Daddy 's tribute song `` I 'll Be Missing You '' debuted at # 1 . ( Lauryn Hill , Eminem and DJ Khaled would later equal this feat , with the former 's `` Doo Wop ( That Thing ) '' entering in the top spot in 1998 , the aforementioned with `` Not Afraid '' in 2010 and the latter with `` I 'm The One '' in 2017 . )",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e0d1fdde990c6f4ea51f25b26d3c3f8b",
"text": "Street King Immortal Street King Immortal is the upcoming sixth studio album by American rapper 50 Cent , set to be released through G-Unit Records , Caroline Records and Capitol Records . Initially reported to be released during the summer of 2011 , the release date of Street King Immortal has since been revised on several occasions . Officially announced release dates of November 13 , 2012 ; February 26 , 2013 ; and August 18 , 2016 have come and gone , with one online music forum , perhaps sardonically , classifying the album as `` Comin Never '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0cc9b9a571f1ad13859c14f951c7c82f",
"text": "50 Cent discography American rapper 50 Cent has released five studio albums , ten mixtapes , two video albums , four compilation albums , one soundtrack album , 76 singles ( including 26 as a featured artist ) , and 88 music videos . As of July 2014 , he is the sixth best-selling hip-hop artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era with 16,786,000 albums sold in the US . 50 Cent signed to Shady Records in 2002 and released his debut studio album , Get Rich or Die Tryin ' , on February 6 , 2003 . The album peaked at number one in the US Billboard 200 and performed well in international markets . It features the number-one singles `` In da Club '' and `` 21 Questions '' and also includes the singles `` P.I.M.P. '' and `` If I Ca n't '' . 50 Cent collaborated with American rapper Lil ' Kim on `` Magic Stick '' , which peaked at number two in the US . In 2005 , he released his second studio album , The Massacre . The album charted at number one in the US , as well as reaching the top ten on many album charts worldwide , and sold 4.83 million copies in the United States in 2005 , the second highest sales count by any album that year . The Massacre includes the US top-three hits `` Disco Inferno '' and `` Just a Lil Bit '' , and the US number-one hit `` Candy Shop '' , which peaked in the top ten of many charts worldwide . A reissue of The Massacre produced the single `` Outta Control '' , which peaked at number six in the US . In November 2005 , 50 Cent starred in the movie Get Rich or Die Tryin ' , and recorded four singles for the film 's soundtrack : the international hits `` Hustler 's Ambition '' and `` Window Shopper '' , and also `` Best Friend '' and `` I 'll Whip Ya Head Boy '' . In 2007 , 50 Cent 's third studio album , Curtis , debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 , behind Kanye West 's album Graduation , after a much-hyped sales competition between the albums . Five singles were released from the album , including international hit `` Ayo Technology '' and Billboard hits `` Straight to the Bank '' , `` Amusement Park '' , `` I Get Money '' and `` I 'll Still Kill '' . In 2009 , he released his fourth studio album , Before I Self Destruct . Music critics described the album as a return to the darker , more intense style of music that 50 Cent exhibited on many of his early mixtapes . The album charted at number five on the Billboard 200 and peaked in the top twenty of several album charts worldwide . The album features two singles : the international hit `` Baby by Me '' , which peaked at number twenty-eight in the US , and `` Do You Think About Me '' . In June 2014 , 50 Cent released his fifth studio album , Animal Ambition . All of the songs on the standard edition of the album were released as singles prior to the album being delivered to the public . His upcoming sixth studio album , titled Street King Immortal , was preceded by the release of the non-album song `` Outlaw '' , which peaked at number eighty-seven in both the US and Canada , and a free download album -- 5 ( Murder by Numbers ) -- on July 6 , 2012 . Four singles were released in promotion for Street King Immortal : `` New Day '' , `` My Life '' , which reached number two on the UK Singles Chart , `` Major Distribution '' , and `` We Up '' , but the songs were scrapped and the album is now set to be released in 2016 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d76c35b5733337e7e19feb39f8169fe8",
"text": "Jay E Jason Lee `` Jay E '' Epperson is a St. Louis-born record producer and DJ . Jay E rose to fame as the main producer of rapper Nelly 's multi-platinum 2000 album Country Grammar which has sold more than 10 million copies worldwide . Jay E 's DJ experience started at a local St. Louis roller skating rink where he met future St. Lunatics member Ali . It was Ali who introduced Jay E to the St. Lunatics , which eventually led to Jay E producing St. Lunatic 's member Nelly 's first solo album Country Grammar . The December 2000 issue of Billboard magazine listed Jay E as number 16 of the Top 100 Producers and number 19 of the Top 100 R&B / Hip-Hop Producers of 2000 . On June 7 , 2001 , Jay E was presented with two awards from ASCAP for co-writing Nelly 's single `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' . Jay E has gone on to work with artists such as Joss Stone , Murphy Lee , Three 6 Mafia and Dirt Nasty Sux . Currently , Jay E splits his time between studio production and live DJ sets at various St. Louis and Hollywood clubs .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c5dd26717a6a403cb827f5ec4e1986cd",
"text": "Country Grammar Country Grammar is the debut studio album by American rapper Nelly . It was released on June 27 , 2000 , by Universal Records ( who released the album after listening to demos by Nelly , before signing a record deal with the rapper in 1999 ) . The production on the album was handled by Jason `` Jay E '' Epperson , with additional production by C-Love , Kevin Law , City Spud , Steve `` Blast '' Wills and Basement Beats . Nelly contributed to all lyrics on the album , with Epperson and City Spud also contributing . The album introduced a unique Saint Louis , Midwestern sound , and introduces Nelly 's vocal style of pop-rap singalongs and Midwestern , Missouri twang . It was supported four successful singles : `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , `` E.I. '' , `` Ride wit Me '' and `` Batter Up '' . Its lead single , `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 and UK Singles Chart . `` E.I. '' charted at number 16 , number 12 and number 11 on the Hot 100 , UK Singles Chart and ARIA Singles Chart , respectively . `` Ride wit Me '' peaked within the top five on the Hot 100 , ARIA Singles Chart , Irish Singles Chart and UK Singles Chart . The album 's fourth and final single , `` Batter Up '' featuring Murphy Lee and Ali , achieved moderate chart success . Country Grammar received positive reviews , with critics praising Nelly 's vocal style and the album 's production . It topped the US Billboard 200 chart for five consecutive weeks , and the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for six consecutive weeks . It peaked in the top five on the New Zealand Albums Chart and Australian Albums Chart , as well as the top ten on the Canadian Albums Chart and Dutch Albums Chart . The album was certified three times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand ( RIANZ ) and Music Canada ( MC ) , denoting shipments of 45,000 and 300,000 copies , respectively . In 2016 , Country Grammar became the ninth hip hop album to be certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting shipment of 10 million copies in the US . Its commercial success secured Nelly 's status as one of the most successful hip hop acts of the 2000s decade . On Billboard decade-end chart , Nelly ranked as the third most successful act of the 2000s decade , due largely to the success of Country Grammar and his follow-up album Nellyville ( 2002 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "09fbccc09e0845225133080fba22f31d",
"text": "T-Pain discography The discography of T-Pain , an American R&B singer , songwriter record producer and rapper , consists of four studio albums , forty-two singles ( as lead artist , and featured artist ) , five mixtapes , and thirty-six music videos . On December 6 , 2005 , his debut studio album , Rappa Ternt Sanga , is where it first appeared on the charts , when it debuted at number 33 on the US Billboard 200 . Both singles , `` I 'm Sprung '' and `` I 'm 'n Luv ( Wit a Stripper ) '' , peaked in the top ten on the US Billboard Hot 100 . After that , he collaborated with fellow rapper E-40 , along with an singer Kandi Burruss on the single `` U and Dat '' , which it peaked at number 13 in the United States . In 2007 , his second album , titled Epiphany ( 2007 ) , which debuted at number 1 in the United States . The lead single `` Buy U a Drank ( Shawty Snappin ' ) '' , peaked at number one in the United States , the follow-up single `` Bartender '' which peaked at number 5 , and the album 's third single `` Church '' . During 2007 , T-Pain made several guest appearances on songs by other performing artists , the most commercially successful of these being `` Low '' by Flo Rida , which peaked at number one in the United States , and on several national singles charts worldwide . In November 2008 , T-Pain released his third studio album , Three Ringz , debuted at number 4 in the United States , and its consists by all 3 singles -- `` Chopped 'n' Skrewed '' , `` Ca n't Believe It '' and `` Freeze '' . In 2008 , T-Pain appeared on several other singles by other performing artists , including `` Got Money '' by Lil Wayne , `` The Boss by Rick Ross and `` One More Drink '' by Ludacris , among several others . T-Pain 's fourth studio album , Revolver , was released in December 2011 . The album has been preceded by the release of the promotional singles `` Take Your Shirt Off '' , `` Reverse Cowgirl '' and `` Rap Song '' , as well as the single `` Booty Wurk ( One Cheek at a Time ) '' , which attained mixed success on worldwide charts . On May 4 , 2011 , T-Pain released a mixtape , PrEVOLVEr , in promotion of the album . The first official single from Revolver was `` Best Love Song '' , which features Chris Brown . The album 's second single was `` 5 O'Clock '' , which features Wiz Khalifa and Lily Allen . The album 's third single was `` Turn All the Lights On '' , which features Ne-Yo .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "feb2cefa27e5f5cfca3d772bd2acd17b",
"text": "List of Single Top 100 number-one singles of 2011 Throughout all 52 weeks in 2011 , 31 songs topped the Mega Single Top 100 . The Single Top 100 is a chart composed by MegaCharts based on official physical single sales and legal downloads , and one of the three official Dutch record charts , the two others being the Dutch Top 40 and the Mega Top 50 . The first number-one hit on the chart in 2011 was Martin Solveig and Dragonette 's `` Hello '' , and the last was Studio Killers ' `` Ode to the Bouncer '' . Artists and acts that had or were featured in at least one song that topped the Mega Single Top 100 that year for at least one week were Martin Solveig , Dragonette , Jan Smit , Ben Saunders , Dean Saunders , Adele , 3JS , Lady GaGa , Nick & Simon , Alexis Jordan , Glennis Grace , Frans Duijts , Do , Coldplay , Rochelle Perts , Guus Meeuwis , Sak Noel , Lucenzo , Big Ali , Don Omar , Nick Schilder , Thomas Acda , Keizer , Paul de Munnik , Gotye , Kimbra , The Voice of Holland , Gers Pardoel , Jeroen van der Boom , Metropole Orkest ( Dutch : The Metropole Orchestra ) , Birdy , Sandro Silva , Quintino and Studio Killers . Out of these acts , 20 of them , Dean Saunders , Alexis Jordan , Glennis Grace , Frans Duijts , Rochelle Perts , Guus Meeuwis , Sak Noel , Don Amor , Big Ali , Lucenzo , Nick Schilder , Thomas Acda , Simon Keizer , Paul de Munnik , Gotye , Kimbra , Birdy , Quintino , Sandro , and Studio Killers , achieved their first number-one single on the chart that year , either as lead or featured artist . Two artists , Jan Simit and Adele , had 2 songs that went number one . 23 singles that topped the chart were solo songs , while eight others were collaborations . One of Adele 's songs , `` Rolling in the Deep '' , was the best-performing single of 2011 , topping the Single Top 100 's 2011 year-end chart .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9f23a0854e02fbae53d9a5557894870c",
"text": "Buckwild Anthony Best ( born March 20 ) ( better known by his stage name Buckwild ) is an American hip hop producer from The Bronx borough of New York City . He is a member of Diggin ' in the Crates Crew along with Lord Finesse , Showbiz and A.G. , Diamond D , Fat Joe , Big L , and O.C. . He has produced a number of tracks , including The Notorious B.I.G. 's `` I Got a Story to Tell '' and Black Rob 's `` Whoa ! '' . In 2013 , he was described by HipHopDX as `` one of Hip Hop 's most prolific and acclaimed producers '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3d5f7f5ad597036cb4bee4a1aa14adbc",
"text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 2002 The highest-selling albums and EPs in the United States are ranked in the Billboard 200 , published by Billboard magazine . The data are compiled by Nielsen Soundscan based on each album 's weekly physical and digital sales . 25 acts achieved number one albums during this year with artist such as Nelly and Shania Twain who had their albums debut at number one on the chart . Rapper Eminem 's The Eminem Show is the best selling album of 2002 selling over approximately 7.6 million copies by the end of the year . It is also the longest running album of 2002 spending six non-consecutive weeks the chart and was known for its first full week of sales debut of 1.322 million copies which Nielsen SoundScan scanned as the sixth largest sales of all time in its first week . Its debut of 1.322 million copies has still not been matched by any album today since except for Taylor Swift 's album 1989 , which opened with first week sales of 1.279 million copies . The band Creed continued its eight week long run on the chart but is credited as the longest running album 2001 . Jennifer Lopez earned her second number one album on the charts with J to tha L-O ! : The Remixes , which became the highest first week sales of a remix album at the time . R&B artist Ashanti earned her first number one album with her self-titled debut album Ashanti , which opened up with first week sales of 503,000 copies in its first week alone . Puff Daddy earned his first number one album since No Way Out back in 1997 . Rapper Jay-Z earned his fifth chart topper with The Blueprint 2 : The Gift & The Curse , which opened up with first week sales of 545,000 copies alone . Heavy metal band Disturbed earned its first number one album on the chart with Believe , which opened up with first week sales of 284,000 copies alone . Country music singer Shania Twain 's album Up ! opened up with a huge first week sales of 857,000 copies in its first week alone , giving her the recognition of the highest first week sales of her career and second highest of the year , only behind Eminem 's The Eminem Show and at the time the fastest selling solo female album ever . Nelly 's album Nellyville opened up with his highest first week sales of his career which logged on with huge sales of 714,000 copies in its first week alone , which beat his sales of his debut album Country Grammar , which opened up with first week sales of 235,000 copies . Country singer Alan Jackson album Drive gave him his first number one album on the chart and opened up with first week sales of 211,000 copies alone .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4d045a21f1c0a7fd5a0dbc94f5d3be4f",
"text": "Dance/Electronic Digital Songs Dance/Electronic Digital Songs is a weekly chart that ranks the best-selling digital dance and electronic singles in the United States , according to Billboard . Although it originally started tracking singles the week of January 2 , 2010 , it did not become an official chart until the issue dated April 3 , 2010 . The Dance/Electronic Digital Songs chart tracks the 50 most popular downloaded dance music singles , including tracks that are exclusively available online only . This chart also includes previously released dance and disco songs that became available for downloading , which means that songs like `` You Spin Me Round ( Like a Record ) '' by Dead or Alive are eligible to chart . On January 17 , 2013 , Billboard added a new chart , Dance/Electronic Songs , which tracks the 50 most popular Dance and Electronic singles and tracks based on club play , single sales , radio airplay , digital downloads , and online streaming . As such , this chart serves as the main component for the Dance Club Songs , Dance/Mix Show Airplay , Dance Single Sales , and Dance/Electronic Digital Songs charts . The chart 's first number one was `` Bad Romance '' by Lady Gaga in the January 23 , 2010 issue and Gaga 's songs spent so far ( as December , 2014 ) a total of 1025 weeks on the chart . The chart 's longest running number-one is `` Bulletproof '' by La Roux , reigning at the lead position for 18 consecutive weeks .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ad32702062a677298988b84a8ff8912f",
"text": "Billboard Music Award for Top R&B Artist The Billboard Music Award for Top R&B Artist recognizes the most successful R&B artists over the past year .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
9ec9fe11dc8d3599c9109cac5d721fec | Evolution is a debut studio album. | [
{
"docid": "b9906f11a8292f904b4407a0e97fa074",
"text": "Evolution (Sabrina Carpenter album) Evolution is the second studio album by American singer Sabrina Carpenter , released on October 14 , 2016 , by Hollywood Records . Carpenter began recording the album in 2015 after releasing her first studio album , Eyes Wide Open .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "d4958a0c0077b49f157494193c8fa340",
"text": "Elemental Evolution Elemental Evolution is the debut EP by American alternative rock artist D. S. Bradford . The seven-track collection of songs is a concept album , focused on Bradford 's personal story , as well as the broader idea of illustrating a world of peace and tolerance for humanity . Recording took place between the years 2015 and 2016 at Equinox By Fireside Music in Horsham , Pennsylvania , with the exception of the original recording of `` Oceans '' , which occurred between 2012 and 2014 . Subsequently , the lead single was re-recorded to match the production value of the EP . The album was released and distributed by Sony Music and Sugo Music Group .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "15b30497a4d52c2cdca0b14b70b42447",
"text": "Songs for Insects Songs for Insects is the debut album for American progressive metal band Thought Industry . It was released in 1992 through Metal Blade Records , and features cover art by Spanish surrealist Salvador Dalí .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cddb40939ab3557a590044c50a8ce138",
"text": "Young and Restless (Young and Restless album) Young and Restless is the debut album by band of the same name Young and Restless . It was released on July 14 , 2007 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c2bb92e2dd2df3af9c075a90fe91f444",
"text": "Effloresce (album) Effloresce is the debut album by British progressive rock band Oceansize . It was released on 29 September 2003 . The record garnered considerable praise from critics .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "30aec5d550ed02768eb52f506014c387",
"text": "Directed evolution Directed evolution ( DE , `` gelenkte Evolution '' ) is a method used in protein engineering that mimics the process of natural selection to evolve proteins or nucleic acids toward a user-defined goal . It consists of subjecting a gene to iterative rounds of mutagenesis ( creating a library of variants ) , selection ( expressing the variants and isolating members with the desired function ) , and amplification ( generating a template for the next round ) . It can be performed in vivo ( in living cells ) , or in vitro ( free in solution or microdroplet ) . Directed evolution is used both for protein engineering as an alternative to rationally designing modified proteins , as well as studies of fundamental evolutionary principles in a controlled , laboratory environment .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e229ace03574123e063610fc83a8140c",
"text": "Appetite for Destruction Appetite for Destruction is the debut studio album by American hard rock band Guns N ' Roses . It was released on July 21 , 1987 , by Geffen Records to massive commercial success . It topped the Billboard 200 and became the best-selling debut album as well as the 11th best-selling album in the United States . With about 30 million copies sold worldwide , it is also one of the best-selling records ever . Although critics were ambivalent toward the album when it was first released , Appetite for Destruction has since received retrospective acclaim and been viewed as one of the greatest albums of all time .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8d2fc14e13797f61c331334845468840",
"text": "Vivid (Living Colour album) Vivid is the debut studio album by the American rock band Living Colour , released on May 3 , 1988 through Epic Records . It was one of the most popular albums of 1988 , reaching No. 6 on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart and certified double platinum by the RIAA . The album is also featured in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8ff1963cfb9c44138bed627870262d55",
"text": "A Coming into Existence A Coming Into Existence was recorded June 16 , 1998 . It was the first music released by Origin . It was released on tape & cd .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "56aacb9b3a7b90705d0ceb185a74b039",
"text": "Genesis (The Gods album) Genesis is the debut album by the British band The Gods . The LP was recorded in 1968 and released that same year by EMI / Columbia Records ) in the UK . The album was re-issued on CD by Repertoire Records in 1994 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bd3caf9bd00d05f37723c94cde5ffc73",
"text": "Day26 (album) Day26 is the debut studio album by R&B group Day26 released on March 25 , 2008 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "30d7193910eefd8504278e3a64856e5b",
"text": "Somedaydream (album) Somedaydream is the self-titled debut studio album by Filipino musical project Somedaydream .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8d34efd5723c130cd8350dae2e6c85df",
"text": "Evolution (Blood on the Dance Floor album) Evolution is the fifth studio album by US electronica duo Blood on the Dance Floor , released internationally on June 19 , 2012 . It is their first release to appear on the US Billboard 200 , and is their best-selling effort to date , peaking at No. 42 on the Billboard Albums Chart .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4b68bcf1e32f9778d68885e72d4ee1c1",
"text": "Fear and the Nervous System (album) Fear and the Nervous System is the eponymous debut album by Fear and the Nervous System , released on September 18 , 2012 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1f45543b49db84da32db30207d02c6eb",
"text": "Orphan (Darwin's Waiting Room album) Orphan is the debut album by the Florida-based nu metal/alternative metal music group Darwin 's Waiting Room . The album was released on July 24 , 2001 via MCA . The album peaked at No. 19 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart that year .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5efd29ae5eda12a2815e4e395b5bb3dc",
"text": "School of Fish (album) School of Fish is the debut album by the band of the same name . It was released in March 1991 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8f960df928f0546b4b77098a1e43015a",
"text": "Three Fish (album) Three Fish is the debut studio album by the American rock band Three Fish . It was released on June 11 , 1996 through Epic Records .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4dda0434d74077ba3a6af2ad6435651c",
"text": "FireHouse (album) FireHouse is the debut album by the American glam metal band FireHouse . Released in 1990 , it launched the group into stardom .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "611af22a075ad22612d3568786983de9",
"text": "Bruford Levin Upper Extremities (album) This album is the debut album and the only studio album of the band Bruford Levin Upper Extremities .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d1edb8496ea0209680de627437ff4a15",
"text": "Doubleback: Evolution of R&B Doubleback : Evolution of R&B is the tenth studio album by American recording artist Joe . The album was released through Massenburg Media/RED Distribution on July 2 , 2013 in the United States . It debuted at number six on the US Billboard 200 and number one on the Billboard R&B Albums Chart selling 60,210 copies .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0782aef3726d7f207d2862ffbc5597fc",
"text": "Moby (album) Moby is the debut studio album by American electronica musician Moby , released in July 1992 by record label Instinct .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
7e1cdf65de8e3a6cf24564c3be4b6fa0 | The Who included philosopher Zak Starkey. | [
{
"docid": "226d2319de4af734e009009eef1e377e",
"text": "The Who The Who are an English rock band that formed in 1964 . Their classic line-up consisted of lead singer Roger Daltrey , guitarist and singer Pete Townshend , bass guitarist John Entwistle , and drummer Keith Moon . They are considered one of the most influential rock bands of the 20th century , selling over 100 million records worldwide and holding a reputation for their live shows and studio work . The Who developed from an earlier group , the Detours , and established themselves as part of the pop art and mod movements , featuring auto-destructive art by destroying guitars and drums on stage . Their first single as the Who , `` I Ca n't Explain '' , reached the UK top ten , followed by a string of singles including `` My Generation '' , `` Substitute '' and `` Happy Jack '' . In 1967 , they performed at the Monterey Pop Festival and released the US top ten single `` I Can See for Miles '' , while touring extensively . The group 's fourth album , 1969 's rock opera Tommy , included the single `` Pinball Wizard '' and was a critical and commercial success . Live appearances at Woodstock and the Isle of Wight Festival , along with the live album Live at Leeds , cemented their reputation as a respected rock act . With their success came increased pressure on lead songwriter and visionary Townshend , and the follow-up to Tommy , Lifehouse , was abandoned . Songs from the project made up 1971 's Who 's Next , which included the hit `` Wo n't Get Fooled Again '' . The group released the album Quadrophenia in 1973 as a celebration of their mod roots , and oversaw the film adaptation of Tommy in 1975 . They continued to tour to large audiences before semi-retiring from live performances at the end of 1976 . The release of Who Are You in 1978 was overshadowed by the death of Moon shortly after . Kenney Jones replaced Moon and the group resumed activity , releasing a film adaptation of Quadrophenia and the retrospective documentary The Kids Are Alright . After Townshend became weary of touring , the group split in 1982 . The Who occasionally re-formed for live appearances such as Live Aid in 1985 , a 25th anniversary tour in 1989 and a tour of Quadrophenia in 1996 -- 1997 . They resumed regular touring in 1999 , with drummer Zak Starkey . After Entwistle 's death in 2002 , plans for a new album were delayed . Townshend and Daltrey continued as the Who , releasing Endless Wire in 2006 , and continued to play live regularly . The Who 's major contributions to rock music include the development of the Marshall stack , large PA systems , use of the synthesizer , Entwistle and Moon 's lead playing styles , Townshend 's feedback and power chord guitar technique , and the development of the rock opera . They are cited as an influence by hard rock , punk rock and mod bands , and their songs still receive regular exposure .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d29de713f1c1f4cd045677019b1ff782",
"text": "Zak Starkey Zak Richard Starkey ( born 13 September 1965 ) is an English rock drummer whose music career spans more than 30 years . He has performed and recorded with English rock band The Who since 1996 . He is also the third drummer to have appeared with English rock band Oasis . He has also worked with other musicians and bands such as Johnny Marr , Paul Weller , The Icicle Works , The Waterboys , ASAP , The Lightning Seeds , and John Entwistle . He is the son of The Beatles drummer Ringo Starr .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "1d14346afed4b841759a03969f640fdb",
"text": "Randall Auxier Randall E. Auxier ( born August 7 , 1961 ) is a professor of philosophy at Southern Illinois University . Born in Leitchfield , Kentucky , Auxier , the younger of two children , is the son of a veterinarian and a professional church musician . Educated in the public schools of Memphis , Tennessee , he received an undergraduate degree in philosophy and criminal justice in 1986 and a master 's degree in philosophy in 1988 , both from the University of Memphis . He went on to receive his Ph.D. in philosophy from Emory University in 1992 . He chaired the philosophy department at Oklahoma City University from 1992 to 1997 and was founding director of the OCU Institute of Liberal Arts from 1994 to 1999 . While at OCU , he also established and taught philosophy courses for several years at the nearby public high school Classen School of Advanced Studies . He accepted a position at Southern Illinois University in 2000 and in 2001 was appointed the editor of the Library of Living Philosophers , the third in its history , following series founder Paul Arthur Schilpp ( 1938 -- 1981 ) , and Lewis Edwin Hahn ( 1981 -- 2001 ) . Since taking the post he has completed volumes on Seyyed Hossein Nasr ( 2001 ) , Marjorie Grene ( 2003 ) , Jaakko Hintikka ( 2006 ) , Michael Dummett ( 2007 ) , and Richard Rorty ( 2010 ) . Auxier 's interest in philosophical personalism led him to become editor of the scholarly journal The Personalist Forum in 1997 , later renamed The Pluralist in 2005 . The Pluralist became the official journal of the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy in 2010 . He has authored or co-authored more than 100 papers and presentations around the United States and in several other countries , written many scholarly articles , book chapters , and encyclopedia entries , and edited numerous books . Subjects on which he has published range from John Dewey and Alfred North Whitehead to the limits of evolution , biker bars , and ministries related to homosexuality . His current work includes a book , Time , Will and Purpose : Living Ideas from the Philosophy of Josiah Royce , in press with Open Court to appear in 2010 , and as co-editor of Bruce Springsteen and Philosophy , and The Wizard of Oz and Philosophy , both published in 2008 in the Popular Culture and Philosophy Series with Open Court . Auxier 's creative works also include short stories , occasional poetry , and three music CDs . Auxier is the editor-in-chief of The Library of Living Philosophers . Since 1938 , the Library of Living Philosophers has provided a forum for criticism and analysis of the world 's greatest living philosophers , as well as a space for dialogue between these philosophers and their critics . Under his editorship , the journal has produced volumes on the philosophy of Marjorie Grene , Jaakko Hintikka , Michael Dummett , Richard Rorty , and Arthur C. Danto . Auxier writes a weekly blog for Radically Empirical , an online magazine that features essays and commentary on current and literary affairs . Auxier 's areas of specialization are American philosophy , post-Kantian continental philosophy , process and systematic philosophy/theology , history of philosophy , metaphysics , moral philosophy , and theology , political theory , and philosophy of education . He has been awarded the Jacobsen Prize in Process Metaphysics from the International Society for Universalism and the Douglas Greenlee Prize from the Society for the Advancement of American Philosophy .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5e4c9a63f609d2f65add5e22de20b29e",
"text": "Dialectic Dialectic or dialectics ( διαλεκτική , dialektikḗ ) , also known as the dialectical method , is a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned arguments . The term dialectic is not synonymous with the term debate . While in theory debaters are not necessarily emotionally invested in their point of view , in practice debaters frequently display an emotional commitment that may cloud rational judgment . Debates are won through a combination of persuading the opponent , proving one 's argument correct , and proving the opponent 's argument incorrect . Debates do not necessarily require promptly identifying a clear winner or loser ; however , clear winners are frequently determined by a judge , a jury or group consensus . The term dialectics is also not synonymous with the term rhetoric , a method or art of discourse that seeks to persuade , inform , or motivate an audience . Concepts , like `` logos '' or rational appeal , `` pathos '' or emotional appeal , and `` ethos '' or ethical appeal , are intentionally used by rhetoricians to persuade an audience . Socrates favoured truth as the highest value , proposing that it could be discovered through reason and logic in discussion : ergo , dialectic . Socrates valued rationality ( appealing to logic , not emotion ) as the proper means for persuasion , the discovery of truth , and the determinant for one 's actions . To Socrates , truth , not aretē ( moral virtue ) , was the greater good , and each person should , above all else , seek truth to guide one 's life . Therefore , Socrates opposed the Sophists and their teaching of rhetoric as art and as emotional oratory requiring neither logic nor proof . Different forms of dialectical reasoning have emerged throughout history from the Indosphere ( Greater India ) and the West ( Europe ) . These forms include the Socratic method , Hindu , Buddhist , Medieval , Hegelian dialectics , Marxist , Talmudic , and Neo-orthodoxy .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "375a5adf156eec32d98c9498c4b6f46d",
"text": "Men of Ideas Men of Ideas was a 1978 BBC television series presented by Bryan Magee . There were 15 episodes , in which Magee interviewed noted philosophers . The first episode was called `` Introduction to Philosophy '' and presented by Magee in discussion with Isaiah Berlin . In subsequent episodes Magee discussed topics like Marxist philosophy , the Frankfurt School , and modern Existentialism . Transcripts of the dialogues within the Men of Ideas series are available in published form in the book , Talking Philosophy .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "674bc1dcb0bd2b0ac3b9058c2c593790",
"text": "Essays on Philosophical Subjects Essays on Philosophical Subjects , by the Scottish economist Adam Smith , is a history of astronomy down to Smith 's own era , plus some thoughts on ancient physics and metaphysics . This work was published posthumously , in 1795 , using material which Adam Smith had intended to publish eventually but had not prepared at the time of his death in 1790 . This was done by his literary executors , two old friends from the Scottish academic world ; physicist/chemist Joseph Black and pioneering geologist James Hutton . A brief account of their work appears in a section entitled ` Advertisement by the Editors ' . The book consists of three distinct works : The History of Astronomy The History of the Ancient Physics The History of the Ancient Logics and Metaphysics The History of Astronomy is the largest of these and is thought to have been written in the 1750s , before Smith 's major works . The overall understanding is excellent , though the Glasgow Edition of 1976 includes some detailed criticism of his use of sources . But it also defends him for calling Newton a philosopher rather than a scientist ; the word ` scientist ' did not exist before 1839 . It is also interesting for containing Smith 's first mention of the invisible hand : For it may be observed , that in all Polytheistic religions , among savages , as well as in the early ages of antiquity , it is the irregular events of nature only that are ascribed to the agency and power of the gods . Fire burns , and water refreshes ; heavy bodies descend , and lighter substances fly upwards , by the necessity of their own nature ; nor was the invisible hand of Jupiter every apprehended to be employed in those matters . ( III .2 , page 49 of the Glasgow Edition . )",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1433d357b74b88502782c3ad0bd3f763",
"text": "Open individualism Open individualism is the view in the philosophy of personal identity , according to which there exists only one numerically identical subject , which is everyone at all times . It is a theoretical solution for the question of personal identity , being contrasted with empty individualism , the view that personal identities correspond to a fixed pattern that instantaneously disappears with the passage of time , and with closed individualism , the common view that personal identities are particular to subjects and yet survive time . The term was coined by philosopher Daniel Kolak , though this view has been described at least since the time of the Upanishads , in the late Bronze Age . Its sentence `` Tat tvam asi , '' meaning `` You are that , '' is an example . Notable people having expressed similar views ( in various forms ) include the Sufi thinker Aziz al-Nasafi , Averroes , German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer , Indian mystic Meher Baba , Alan Watts , as well as renowned physicists Erwin Schrödinger , Freeman Dyson , and Fred Hoyle .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f6e921d18ec6eacbe811ee11d6f44291",
"text": "Who, whom? Who , whom ? ( кто кого ? , Kto kovo ? ) is a Bolshevist principle or slogan which was formulated by Lenin in 1921 . Lenin is supposed to have stated at the second All-Russian Congress of Political Education Departments , on 17 October 1921 , Весь вопрос -- кто кого опередит ? `` The whole question is -- who will overtake whom ? '' Leon Trotsky used the shortened `` who whom '' formulation in his 1925 article , `` Towards Capitalism or Towards Socialism ? '' The shortened form was invoked by Joseph Stalin in 1929 , in a speech to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union , which also gave the formula its `` aura of hard-line coercion '' ( while Lenin 's phrase indicated a willingness to embrace economic competition ) `` The fact is , we live according to Lenin 's formula : Kto-Kovo ? : will we knock them , the capitalists , flat and give them ( as Lenin expresses it ) the final , decisive battle , or will they knock us flat ? '' . It came to be used as a formula describing the inevitability of class struggle , i.e. who ( which of two antagonists ) will dominate the other . In this view , all compromises and promises between enemies are just expedients -- tactical manoeuvres in the struggle for mastery .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b96ac645d6cc3a629e53669609d42fad",
"text": "Whose Justice? Which Rationality? Whose Justice ? Which Rationality ? is a 1988 book of moral philosophy by the Scottish philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre . In the book , MacIntyre argues that there are a number of different and incompatible accounts of practical reasoning or rationality -- specifically those of Aristotle , Augustine , David Hume ( and more broadly the `` Scottish school '' ) and Thomas Aquinas . The differing accounts of justice that are presented by Aristotle and Hume , MacIntyre argues , are due to the underlying differences in their conceptual schemes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7eae41a71d6f2c15feed0f8ffae08e1c",
"text": "Intellectual An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking , research , and reflection about the reality of society , and proposes solutions for the normative problems of society , and thus he or she gains authority as a public intellectual . Coming from the world of culture , either as a creator or as a mediator , the intellectual participates in politics , either to defend a concrete proposition or to denounce an injustice , usually by producing or by extending an ideology , and by defending a system of values .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "695fded8297171fdaee41fc9d1c4a695",
"text": "A Short History of Ethics A Short History of Ethics : A History of Moral Philosophy from the Homeric Age to the Twentieth Century is a 1966 book on the history of moral philosophy by the Scottish philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre . It is the first of a series of books by MacIntyre on the history and development of ethics . The book covers Greek ethics including Plato and Aristotle , Christian moral thought including the work of Martin Luther and writers including Niccolò Machiavelli , Montesquieu , Edmund Burke , Immanuel Kant , David Hume , Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel , Karl Marx , Søren Kierkegaard , Arthur Schopenhauer and Friedrich Nietzsche . MacIntyre also discusses twentieth century philosophers including G. E. Moore , John Dewey and R. M. Hare . According to a review in The Journal of Philosophy , one of MacIntyre 's primary theses in the book is that `` moral concepts change as social life changes '' and therefore philosophers who believe there is one subject of ethical inquiry are mistaken . A review in the British Journal of Educational Studies describes the book as a `` stimulating , if highly impressionistic , account of the history of ethics written from the point of view of his own convictions about the state of moral concepts '' . In a review for The Philosophical Review , J. B. Schneewind describes the work as a `` brilliant and provocative book '' that is `` not so much a history of ethics as an essay about the history of ethics '' . Schneewind criticises some elements of the book , noting the absence of any discussion of Henry Sidgwick and also noting MacIntyre 's lack of references or bibliography or of careful exposition of some of the issues of interpretation in the history of ethics .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "24aa483944fbe1769371f291ffea6174",
"text": "Committee on Obscenity and Film Censorship The Committee on Obscenity and Film Censorship , better known as the Williams Committee , was a 1970s British Home Office committee chaired by Professor Bernard Williams . The task of the committee was to `` review the laws concerning obscenity , indecency and violence in publications , displays and entertainments in England and Wales , except in the field of broadcasting , and to review the arrangements for film censorship in England and Wales '' . The committee reported in 1979 that : `` Given the amount of explicit sexual material in circulation and the allegations often made about its effects , it is striking that one can find case after case of sex crimes and murder without any hint at all that pornography was present in the background . '' The Committee 's report was evidently influenced by the liberal thinking of John Stuart Mill , a philosopher greatly admired by Williams , and who used Mill 's principle of liberty to develop what he called the `` harm condition , '' whereby `` no conduct should be suppressed by law unless it can be shown to harm someone . '' Williams concluded that pornography could not be shown to be harmful and that `` the role of pornography in influencing society is not very important ... to think anything else is to get the problem of pornography out of proportion with the many other problems that face our society today . '' The committee reported that , so long as children were protected from seeing it , adults should be free to read and watch pornography as they saw fit . It found that the existing variety of laws in the field should be scrapped , and that terms such as ` obscene ' , ` indecent ' and ` deprave and corrupt ' should be abandoned as they were no longer useful . The Committee thought existing laws should be replaced with a comprehensive new statute , under which the availability of material would be restricted so that it did not cause offence to reasonable people , and was not accessible to children . The recommended restrictions on availability would not have been confined just to material that involved nudity and/or which was sexually explicit . Restrictions were to apply to : `` matter ( other than the printed word ) and to a performance whose unrestricted availability is offensive to reasonable people by reason of the manner in which it portrays , deals with or relates to violence , cruelty or horror , or sexual , faecal or urinary functions or genital organs . '' Regarding the definition of pornography the commission stated that , `` a pornographic representation is one that combines two features : it has a certain function or intention , to arouse its audience sexually , and also a certain content , explicit representations of sexual material ( organs , postures , activity , etc ) . On the difference between ` obscenity ' and ` pornography ' , the committee found that the word ` obscene ' was a subjective term that refers to peoples reaction to material , and that '' it principally expresses an intense or extreme version of what we have called ` offensiveness ' . It may be that it particularly emphasises the most strongly aversive element in that notion , the idea of an object 's being repulsive or disgusting . '' ` Pornography ' however was found to be `` a rather more objective expression referring to a certain kind of writing , picture etc ... Pornography will have some tendency to be obscene , but will not necessarily be so ... a tendency to be offensive is built into it , but it is not universally even offensive ... Still less must it inevitably be very strongly offensive or obscene . '' On whether art could be obscene , it reported that , `` work ... may be experienced as offensive , and also be experienced as having aesthetic interest , but in the case of which the two experiences do not occur at the same time . These will be works which are found offensive at first , or by a spectator who remains distanced from them , but which lose that character for someone involved in them . It did however recognize that `` it would be unwise to deny that ... there could be works which were , and remained , offensive , indeed intensely offensive or obscene . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "69683b749afe46ba5581c84a4bb6cf83",
"text": "Steve Starkey Steve Starkey is an American film producer and second unit director who is widely associated with Robert Zemeckis . He served as an assistant film editor for both The Empire Strikes Back ( 1980 ) and Return of the Jedi ( 1983 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "10bb6fa89fc71878b921de7fe8166859",
"text": "An Outline of Modern Knowledge An Outline of Modern Knowledge , published by Victor Gollancz in 1931 , was an `` omnibus '' volume intended to survey the full range of human knowledge . It was the first such volume to include entirely new material . Editor William Rose solicited leading authorities of the time , including Roger Fry , C. G. Seligman , Maurice Dobb , F. J. C. Hearnshaw , G. D. H. Cole , J. C. Flügel , R. R. Marett , and J. W. N. Sullivan among others , to contribute informative essays written for the common reader . The publishers explained their reasons for creating such a volume in their spring 1931 list of their latest titles : `` Because in our view there has been steadily growing , during the last twelve years , a desire to know which has had no parallel since the Renaissance , and which is now felt by relatively a far larger class of men and women than it was then . Under the surface of a vulgarity , a triviality , and a noisiness which ( because they have been the most blatant ) have seemed the most characteristic stigmata of our time , everywhere and in ever-widening circles educated people have been becoming philosophers -- have wished to understand as clearly as they might the meaning of their own life and that of the Universe . '' The twenty-four articles carried the reader through the subjects of science , philosophy , religion , sex , mathematics , astronomy , biology , anthropology , cosmogony , psychology , psycho-analysis , archaeology , economics , politics , finance , industry , internationalism , history , ethnology , geography , literary criticism , music , architecture , painting and sculpture . Category : Encyclopedias of history Category : English-language encyclopedias Category :1931 books Category : British encyclopedias",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3d72f9affdf929e77d7f8b3779a2db0e",
"text": "Peter Stark Peter Stark is a British conductor .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a982da1fd0657a5589db23fa32ab89a2",
"text": "Doctor Who Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called `` The Doctor '' , an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey . He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by a number of companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need . The show is a significant part of British popular culture , and elsewhere it has gained a cult following . It has influenced generations of British television professionals , many of whom grew up watching the series . The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989 . There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot , in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who . The programme was relaunched in 2005 , and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff . Doctor Who has also spawned numerous spin-offs , including comic books , films , novels , audio dramas , and the television series Torchwood ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , The Sarah Jane Adventures ( 2007 -- 2011 ) , K-9 ( 2009 -- 2010 ) , and Class '' ( 2016-present ) , and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture . Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor . The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation -- an idea introduced in 1966 to allow the show to continue after the departure of original lead William Hartnell who was becoming very ill at the time . The concept is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and personality to recover from a severe injury or anything that would otherwise kill a normal person . Each actor 's portrayal differs , but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative . The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet . The current lead , Peter Capaldi , took on the role after Matt Smith 's exit in the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . In 2017 , Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series , with his final appearance being the 2017 Christmas Special .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3535254c1e1b6409606645c5fd4b7ad3",
"text": "Life imitating art Anti-mimesis is a philosophical position that holds the direct opposite of Aristotelian mimesis . Its most notable proponent is Oscar Wilde , who opined in his 1889 essay The Decay of Lying that , `` Life imitates Art far more than Art imitates Life '' . In the essay , written as a Platonic dialogue , Wilde holds that anti-mimesis `` results not merely from Life 's imitative instinct , but from the fact that the self-conscious aim of Life is to find expression , and that Art offers it certain beautiful forms through which it may realise that energy . '' . What is found in life and nature is not what is really there , but is that which artists have taught people to find there , through art . As in an example posited by Wilde , although there has been fog in London for centuries , one notices the beauty and wonder of the fog because `` poets and painters have taught the loveliness of such effects ... They did not exist till Art had invented them . '' . McGrath places the antimimetic philosophy in a tradition of Irish writing , including Wilde and writers such as Synge and Joyce in a group that `` elevate blarney ( in the form of linguistic idealism ) to aesthetic and philosophical distinction '' , noting that Terry Eagleton observes an even longer tradition that stretches `` as far back in Irish thought as the ninth-century theology of John Scottus Eriugena '' and `` the fantastic hyperbole of the ancient sagas '' . Wilde 's antimimetic idealism , specifically , McGrath describes to be part of the late nineteenth century debate between Romanticism and Realism . Wilde 's antimimetic philosophy has also had influence on later Irish writers , including Brian Friel . Halliwell asserts that the idea that life imitates art derives from classical notions that can be traced as far back as the writings of Aristophanes of Byzantium , and does not negate mimesis but rather `` displace -LSB- s -RSB- its purpose onto the artlike fashioning of life itself '' . Halliwell draws a parallel between Wilde 's philosophy and Aristophanes ' famous question about the comedies written by Menander : `` O Menander and Life ! Which of you took the other as your model ? '' , noting , however , that Aristophanes was a precursor to Wilde , and not necessarily espousing the positions that Wilde was later to propound . In George Bernard Shaw 's preface to Three Plays he wrote , `` I have noticed that when a certain type of feature appears in painting and is admired as beautiful , it presently becomes common in nature ; so that the Beatrices and Francescas in the picture galleries of one generation come to life as the parlor-maids and waitresses of the next . '' He stated that he created the aristocratic characters in Cashel Byron 's Profession as unrealistically priggish even without his later understanding that `` the real world does not exist ... men and women are made by their own fancies in the image of the imaginary creatures in my youthful fictions , only much stupider . '' Shaw , however , disagreed with Wilde on some points . He considered most attempts by life to imitate art to be reprehensible , in part because the art that people generally chose to imitate was idealistic and romanticized . An example of life imitating art is that of singer/actress Miley Cyrus , whose role as the famous fictional popstar Hannah Montana in the Disney Channel sitcom of the same name gave rise to her own singing career . Hannah 's fictional popularity translated into a real-life fan-base for Cyrus as several singles credited to the character charted on the Billboard Hot 100 ( including `` The Best of Both Worlds '' , `` Life 's What You Make It '' , `` He Could Be the One '' , etc , though all of the songs were performed by Cyrus ) and when she embarked on her sold-out Best of Both Worlds Tour in 2007 , where she performed the first set of songs as Hannah Montana and the second set as herself . Cyrus ' song `` The Climb '' was the first song , credited to herself instead of the character , from an official Hannah Montana soundtrack album to become a hit single ( peaking at # 4 on the Billboard charts , making it her `` crossover song '' into mainstream pop , while Hoedown Throwdown ( off the same soundtrack album ) was her first Top 10 . Cyrus also performed several duets on the show while in-character as Hannah with real-life singers such as Sheryl Crow , David Archuleta , The Jonas Brothers , Iyaz and her real-life father Billy Ray Cyrus , as well as an unofficial duet with her real-life godmother country singer Dolly Parton .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "362eee52de0b152b64205ed23192caa4",
"text": "Society for Women in Philosophy The Society for Women in Philosophy was created in 1972 to support and promote women in philosophy . Since that time the Society for Women in Philosophy or `` SWIP '' has expanded to many branches around the world , including in the US , Canada , Ireland , the UK , the Netherlands , Flanders , and Germany . SWIP organizations worldwide hold meetings and lectures that aim to support women in philosophy ; some , such as SWIPshop , focus exclusively on feminist philosophy , while others , such as SWIP-Analytic , focus on women philosophers working in other areas . One of the founding members of the Society for Women in Philosophy was Alison Jaggar , who was also one of the first people to introduce feminist concerns into philosophy . Each year , one philosopher is named the Distinguished Woman Philosopher of the Year by the Society for Women in Philosophy .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f1ab2233140acfc22229aeae74777b68",
"text": "Jon Stewart (philosopher) Jon B. Stewart ( born 1961 ) is an American philosopher and historian of philosophy , specializing in the work of Søren Kierkegaard . He is currently Associate Professor at the Søren Kierkegaard Research Center at the University of Copenhagen .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0165abb49c1fa6bc707f36210bb5f29c",
"text": "Illusionism (philosophy) Illusionism is a metaphysical theory first propounded by professor Saul Smilansky of the University of Haifa . It holds that people have illusory beliefs about free will . Furthermore , it holds that it is both of key importance and morally right that people not be disabused of these beliefs , because the illusion has benefits both to individuals and to society . Giving up a belief in hard incompatibilism , argues Smilansky , removes an individual 's basis for a sense of self-worth in his or her own achievements . It is `` extremely damaging to our view of ourselves , to our sense of achievement , worth , and self-respect '' . Neither compatibilism nor hard determinism are the whole story , according to Smilansky , and there exists an ultimate perspective in which some parts of compatibilism are valid and some parts of hard determinism are valid . However , Smilansky asserts , the nature of what he terms the fundamental dualism between hard determinism and compatibilism is a morally undesirable one , in that both beliefs , in their absolute forms , have adverse consequences . The distinctions between choice and luck made by compatibilism are important , but wholly undermined by hard determinism . But , conversely , hard determinism undermines the morally important notions of justice and respect , leaving them nothing more than `` shallow '' notions . Smilansky 's thesis is considered a radical one , and other philosophers disagree with it . Professor Derk Pereboom of Cornell University , for example , disagrees that hard incompatibilism necessarily does away with self-worth , because to a large extent that sense of self-worth is n't related to will at all , let alone to free will . Aspects of worthiness such as natural beauty , native physical ability , and intelligence are not voluntary . Professor James Lenman of the University of Glasgow ( at the time ) takes a similar line , arguing that Smilansky 's expression of the problems is overstated . The problems that he presents are less fundamentally metaphysical than simply practical in nature .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5f11c4f4985d07b5fcf15f7c107a9856",
"text": "Epiphany Philosophers The Epiphany Philosophers was a group of philosophers , scientists and religious ( priests , nuns and monks ) who met regularly and published between 1950 and 2010 . Their founders included Margaret Masterman , Richard Braithwaite , Dorothy Emmet , Robert H. Thouless , Michael Argyle and Ted Bastin . Later members included Kwame Anthony Appiah , Rupert Sheldrake , Rowan Williams , Clive W. Kilmister , Frederick Parker-Rhodes , Jonathan Westphal and Yorick Wilks . The group published a quarterly journal , published by Gordon and Breach Science Publishers , `` Theoria to Theory '' , subtitled `` An International Journal of Philosophy , Science and Contemplative Religion '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6c914a0cc916f00158733fd78619857e",
"text": "List of mathematicians, physicians, and scientists educated at Jesus College, Oxford Jesus College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . The college was founded in 1571 by Queen Elizabeth I at the request of Hugh Price , a Welsh clergyman , who was Treasurer of St David 's Cathedral in Pembrokeshire . The college still has strong links with Wales , and about 15 % of students are Welsh . There are 340 undergraduates and 190 students carrying out postgraduate studies . Women have been admitted since 1974 , when the college was one of the first five men 's colleges to become co-educational . Old members of Jesus College are sometimes known as `` Jesubites '' . Mathematicians who have studied at Jesus College include Nigel Hitchin ( Savilian Professor of Geometry at Oxford since 1997 ) , Jonathan Borwein ( a former Rhodes Scholar who has held professorial appointments in Canada and Australia ) , and Jim Mauldon ( who taught at Oxford before moving to the United States to teach at Amherst College in Massachusetts ) . David E. Evans is Professor of Mathematics at Cardiff University , and H. W. Lloyd Tanner was Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy at one of its predecessor institutions , the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire . Several noted individuals from biology , botany and zoology were educated at the college , including the Welsh clergyman Hugh Davies ( whose Welsh Botanology of 1813 was the first publication to cross-reference the Welsh-language and the scientific names of plants ) , Edward Bagnall Poulton ( Professor of Zoology at Oxford ) and James Brontë Gatenby ( Professor of Zoology at Trinity College , Dublin ) . Frank Greenaway was Keeper of the Department of Chemistry at the Science Museum in London for over 20 years , and the physicist Chris Rapley was director of the museum 2007 -- 10 . Other physicists who are Old Members of the college include Michael Woolfson ( a former Professor of Physics at the University of York ) and Edward Hinds ( whose work on ultra-cold matter won him the Rumford Medal of the Royal Society in 2008 ) . Edwin Stevens , who studied Natural Science at the college , designed the world 's first wearable hearing aid , and Sir Graham Sutton became director-general of the Meteorological Office ( ` Met Office ' ) . The college had its own science laboratories from 1907 to 1947 , which were overseen ( for all but the last three years ) by the physical chemist David Chapman , a Fellow of the college from 1907 to 1944 . At the time of their closure , they were the last college-based science laboratories at the university . They were named the Sir Leoline Jenkins laboratories , after a former principal of the college . Scientific research and tuition ( particularly in chemistry ) became an important part of the college 's academic life after the construction of the laboratories . The brochure produced for the opening ceremony noted that the number of science students at the college had increased rapidly in recent years , and that provision of college laboratories would assist the tuition of undergraduates , as well as attracting to Jesus College those graduates of the University of Wales who wished to continue their research at Oxford . One of the college science lecturers had a link with Imperial Chemical Industries ( ICI ) ; 17 students joined ICI between the two World Wars , some of whom ( such as John Rose ) reached senior levels in the company . The laboratories became unnecessary when the university began to provide centralised facilities for students , and they were closed in 1947 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
5903fc550926dfed3767ebf3c9369203 | London was the largest city in the EU in 2015. | [
{
"docid": "82cd78e9f4458ea0cde53e9c118698db",
"text": "London London -LSB- ˈlʌndən -RSB- is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom . Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain , London has been a major settlement for two millennia . It was founded by the Romans , who named it Londinium . London 's ancient core , the City of London , largely retains its 1.12 sqmi medieval boundaries . Since at least the 19th century , `` London '' has also referred to the metropolis around this core , historically split between Middlesex , Essex , Surrey , Kent , and Hertfordshire , which today largely makes up Greater London , See also : Independent city § National capitals . governed by the Mayor of London and the London Assembly.The London Mayor is not to be confused with the Lord Mayor of London who heads the City of London Corporation , which administers the City of London . London is a leading global city in the arts , commerce , education , entertainment , fashion , finance , healthcare , media , professional services , research and development , tourism , and transportation . It is crowned as the world 's largest financial centre and has the fifth - or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world.Rankings of cities by metropolitan area GDP can vary as a result of differences in the definition of the boundaries and population sizes of the areas compared , exchange rate fluctuations and the method used to calculate output . London and Paris are of broadly similar size in terms of total economic output which can result in third party sources varying as to which is the fifth-largest city GDP in the world . A report by the McKinsey Global Institute published in 2012 estimated that London had a city GDP of US$ 751.8 billion in 2010 , compared to US$ 764.2 billion for Paris , making them respectively the sixth - and fifth-largest in the world . A report by PricewaterhouseCoopers published in November 2009 estimated that London had a city GDP measured in purchasing power parity of US$ 565 billion in 2008 , compared to US$ 564 billion for Paris , making them respectively the fifth - and sixth-largest in the world . The McKinsey Global Institute study used a metropolitan area with a population of 14.9 million for London compared to 11.8 million for Paris , whilst the PricewaterhouseCoopers study used a metropolitan area with a population of 8.59 million for London compared to 9.92 million for Paris . London is a world cultural capital . It is the world 's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world 's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic . London is the world 's leading investment destination , hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city . London 's universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe . In 2012 , London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times . London has a diverse range of people and cultures , and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region . Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population ( corresponding to Greater London ) was 8,673,713 , the largest of any city in the European Union , and accounting for 12.5 % of the UK population . London 's urban area is the second most populous in the EU , after Paris , with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census . The city 's metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants , while the Greater London Authority states the population of the city-region ( covering a large part of the south east ) as 22.7 million . London was the world 's most populous city from around 1831 to 1925 . London contains four World Heritage Sites : the Tower of London ; Kew Gardens ; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster , Westminster Abbey , and St Margaret 's Church ; and the historic settlement of Greenwich ( in which the Royal Observatory , Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian , 0 ° longitude , and GMT ) . Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace , the London Eye , Piccadilly Circus , St Paul 's Cathedral , Tower Bridge , Trafalgar Square , and The Shard . London is home to numerous museums , galleries , libraries , sporting events , and other cultural institutions , including the British Museum , National Gallery , Natural History Museum , Tate Modern , British Library , and West End theatres . The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "76756beaec7cc4bad47cefa37ec09314",
"text": "Council of the European Union The Council of the European Union ( often still referred to as the Council of Ministers , or sometimes just called the Council ( Consilium ) ) is the third of the seven institutions of the European Union ( EU ) as listed in the Treaty on European Union . It is part of the essentially bicameral EU legislature ( the other legislative body being the European Parliament ) and represents the executive governments of the EU 's member states . It is based in the Europa building in Brussels .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "017d4528849ee78476d6188f4a833ede",
"text": "London Borough of Croydon The London Borough of Croydon is a London borough in south London , England and is part of Outer London . It covers an area of 87 km2 and is the largest London borough by population . It is the southernmost borough of London . At its centre is the historic town of Croydon from which the borough takes its name . Croydon is mentioned in Domesday Book , and from a small market town has expanded into one of the most populous areas on the fringe of London . Croydon is the civic centre of the borough . The borough is now one of London 's leading business , financial and cultural centres , and its influence in entertainment and the arts contribute to its status as a major metropolitan centre . Formed in 1965 from the Coulsdon and Purley Urban District and the County Borough of Croydon , the local authority Croydon London Borough Council , is now part of the local government association for Greater London , London Councils . The economic strength of Croydon dates back mainly to Croydon Airport which was a major factor in the development of Croydon as a business centre . Once London 's main airport for all international flights to and from the capital , it was closed on 30 September 1959 due to the lack of expansion space needed for an airport to serve the growing city . It is now a Grade II listed building and tourist attraction . Croydon Council and its predecessor Croydon Corporation unsuccessfully applied for city status in 1954 , 2000 , 2002 and 2012 . The area is currently going through a large regeneration project called Croydon Vision 2020 which is predicted to attract more businesses and tourists to the area as well as backing Croydon 's bid to become London 's Third City ( after ` The City ' and Westminster ) . Croydon is mostly urban , though there are large suburban and rural uplands in the south . Since 2003 Croydon has been certified as a Fairtrade borough by the Fairtrade Foundation . It was the first London Borough to have Fairtrade status which is awarded on certain criteria . The area is one of the hearts of culture in London and the South East of England . Institutions such as the major arts and entertainment centre Fairfield Halls add to the vibrancy of the borough . However , its famous fringe theatre `` the Warehouse Theatre '' was put under administration in 2012 when the council withdrew its funding and the building itself was demolished in 2013 . The Croydon Clocktower was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994 as an arts venue featuring a library , the independent David Lean Cinema ( closed by the council in 2011 after 16 years of operating , but now partially reopened on a part-time and volunteers basis ) and museum . From 2000 to 2010 , Croydon staged an annual summer festival celebrating the area 's black and Indian cultural diversity , with audiences reaching over 50,000 people . An internet radio station , Croydon Radio , is run by local people for the area . The borough is also home to its own local TV station , Croydon TV . Premier League football club Crystal Palace F.C. play at Selhurst Park in South Norwood , a stadium they have been based in since 1924 . Other landmarks in the borough include Addington Palace , an 18th-century mansion which became the official second residence of six archbishops , Shirley Windmill , one of the few surviving large windmills in Greater London built in the 1850s , and the BRIT School , a creative arts institute run by the BRIT Trust which has produced artists such as Adele , Amy Winehouse and Leona Lewis .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ffc119bb80f7aec1afd5761ba3e6ec6c",
"text": "Queen Mary University of London Queen Mary University of London ( QMUL ) is a public research university in London , England , and a constituent college of the federal University of London . It dates back to the foundation of London Hospital Medical College in 1785 . Queen Mary College , named after Mary of Teck , was admitted to the University of London in 1915 and in 1989 merged with Westfield College to form Queen Mary and Westfield College . In 1995 Queen Mary and Westfield College merged with St Bartholomew 's Hospital Medical College and the London Hospital Medical College to form the School of Medicine and Dentistry . Its main campus is in the Mile End area of Tower Hamlets , with other campuses in Holborn , Smithfield and Whitechapel . In 2015/16 it had 17,140 students and 4,000 staff . Queen Mary is organised into three faculties -- the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences , the Faculty of Science and Engineering and Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry -- within which there are 21 academic departments and institutes . Queen Mary is a member of the Russell Group of leading British research universities , the Association of Commonwealth Universities and Universities UK . Queen Mary is a major centre for medical teaching and research and is part of UCL Partners , the world 's largest academic health science centre . It has a strategic partnership with the University of Warwick , including research collaboration and joint teaching of English , history and computer science undergraduates . Queen Mary also collaborates with Royal Holloway , University of London , to run programmes at the University of London Institute in Paris . For 2015-16 , Queen Mary had a turnover of # 404.3 million , including # 101.0 million from research grants and contracts . Times Higher Education has ranked Queen Mary equal 46th in a ranking of European universities . In Times Higher Education Best universities in the UK 2017 , it has been ranked 15th . Queen Mary is ranked in the top 5 universities in London in the Complete University Guide 2017 League Table . The Guardian ranks Queen Mary in the University league tables 2017 1st for Media & Film Studies , 2nd for Medicine in the UK and 1st in London for Medicine , 3rd in the UK for Dentistry and 1st in London for Dentistry , 9th for History in the UK and 3rd for History in London , 5th for Law in the UK and 3rd in London for Law . There are seven Nobel Laureates amongst Queen Mary 's alumni and current and former staff .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "407b50dc3215fe1bd66eaafcd3c8dbbe",
"text": "City of London (disambiguation) The City of London is the historic centre and main financial district of London , England . City of London may also refer to : London , the capital city of England London , Ontario , Canada City of London Corporation , the governing body of the City of London , England",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4",
"text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f9eff5cd881db0014aa430e785193c3c",
"text": "List of tallest buildings in the British Empire and the British Commonwealth The title of tallest building in the British Empire ( later in the Commonwealth ) has been contested since the late nineteenth century . In this era the nations of the British Empire possessed a large measure of cultural unity and naturally looked to each other for comparison and competition . This was evident in the displays at Queen Victoria 's silver and diamond jubilees and in the creation of the British Empire Games in 1930 ( later the Commonwealth Games ) . A similar phenomenon occurred in the world of architecture and civics . Local boosters in cities and regions across the Empire covered the title of `` greatest '' , `` biggest '' , `` largest '' or `` best '' in the Empire . This boosterism was concentrated in Canada where desire to claim the title spurned a race between cities and builders between 1905 and 1931 . In general the boosters focused on commercial buildings , as claiming the title was part of marketing the building to potential renters ( and the city to the wider world ) . They conveniently ignored much taller non-commercial buildings such as St Paul 's Cathedral which stands 111 m and was consecrated in 1708 , or Victoria Tower in the Palace of Westminster which was built in 1855 and measures 98.5 m . The Commonwealth of Nations slowly evolved out of the British Empire over decades , but the 1931 Statute of Westminster is often used as a dividing point . During the twentieth century the title was held primarily by Canadian buildings . Since the 1990s , however Asian buildings have held the title . Height restrictions have much to do with this list . Until the 1960s , London , the capital of the Empire , had especially strict height maxima to preserve the views of historic structures . Until the late 1920 Montreal limited all buildings to a maximum of 10 stories , and it still limits buildings to less than the sea-level elevation of Mont Royal . Since 1989 Vancouver restricted buildings from blocking the North Shore Mountains , creating a practical upper limit of around 137 meters , until 1997 when seven sites were pre-selected for taller buildings as exceptions to the rule . Singapore limits all buildings to below 280 meters because of the proximity of Singapore Changi Airport . The International Commerce Centre in Hong Kong is not included because it was built after Hong Kong left the Commonwealth . The list also excludes Toronto 's CN Tower as there is debate as to whether it is technically a building , or just a structure .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4c29c23eec38448680c520f4de3990d8",
"text": "London Councils London Councils is the local government association for Greater London , England . It is a cross-party organisation that represents London 's 32 borough councils and the City of London . It was formed in 1995 as a merger of the London Boroughs Association and the Association of London Authorities . In April 2000 it gained further functions as strategic local government in London was reorganised . London Councils is a think tank and lobbying organisation , and also provides some services directly through legislation that allows multiple local authorities to pool responsibility and funding . London Councils is based at 59 1/2 Southwark Street .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "71e6938b37f6b39801fe00eb3b333103",
"text": "Europa building The Europa building is the seat of the European Council and Council of the European Union , located on Rue de la Loi in the European Quarter of Brussels , the capital city of Belgium . Its defining feature is the multi-storey `` lantern-shaped '' construct holding the main meeting rooms ; a representation of which has been adopted by the both the European Council and Council of the EU as their official emblems . The Europa building is situated on the former site of the partially demolished and renovated Bloc A of the Résidence Palace . Its exterior combines the listed Art Deco façade of the original 1920 's building with the post-modern design of architect Philip Samyn . The building is linked via two skyways and a service tunnel to the adjacent Justus Lipsius building , which provides for additional office space , meeting rooms and press facilities .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "70e38c247af90cc27f22849d86c77828",
"text": "Geography of London London is the largest urban area and capital city of the United Kingdom , located in southeastern Great Britain . The London region covers an area of 1579 km2 , and had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 people per square kilometre . A larger area , referred to as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration covers an area of 8382 km2 , and had a population of 12,653,500 and a population density of 1,510 people per square kilometre . London is a port on the Thames ( see main article Port of London ) , a navigable river . The river has had a major influence on the development of the city . London began on the Thames ' north bank and for a long time the main focus of the city remained on the north side of the Thames . For many centuries London Bridge was the only bridge in or close to the city . When more bridges were built in the 18th century , the city expanded in all directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling countryside presented no obstacle to growth .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0b53deb9e321fd9586448e605f9ef4fd",
"text": "London Borough of Hackney The London Borough of Hackney ( -LSB- ˈhækni -RSB- ) is a London Borough in Inner London , United Kingdom . The historical and administrative heart of Hackney is Mare Street , which lies 5 mi north-east of Charing Cross . Southern and eastern parts of the borough are popularly regarded as being part of east London , with northern and western areas belonging to north London . The London Plan issued by the Greater London Authority assigns whole boroughs to sub-regions for statutory monitoring , engagement and resource allocation purposes . The most recent ( 2011 ) iteration of this plan assigns Hackney to the ` East ' sub-region , while the 2008 and 2004 versions assigned the borough to ` North ' and ` East ' sub-regions respectively . The modern borough was formed 1965 by the merger of the Metropolitan Borough of Hackney with the much smaller Metropolitan Boroughs of Stoke Newington and Shoreditch . Hackney is bounded by Islington to the west , Haringey to the north , Waltham Forest to the north-east , Newham to the east , Tower Hamlets to the south-east and the City of London to the south-west . Hackney was one of the host boroughs of the London Olympics in 2012 , with several of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park venues falling within its boundaries .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d6e0e3fa9263164b733da6c26d16ec8e",
"text": "Trans-European conventional rail network The Trans-European conventional rail network , together with the Trans-European high-speed rail network , make up the Trans-European Rail network , which in turn is one of a number of the European Union 's Trans-European transport networks ( TEN-T ) . It was defined by the Council Directive 2001/16/EC of 19 March 2001 . The aim of this EU Directive is to achieve the interoperability of the European conventional rail network at the various stages of its design , construction and operation . The network is defined as a system consisting of a set of infrastructures , fixed installations , logistic equipment and rolling stock . By definition of the EC decision , the conventional rail network may be subdivided into the following categories : lines intended for passenger services lines intended for mixed traffic ( passengers and freight ) lines specially designed or upgraded for freight services passenger hubs freight hubs , including inter-modal terminals lines connecting the components mentioned above This infrastructure includes traffic management , tracking , and navigation systems . The rolling stock may comprise all the stock likely to travel on all or part of the trans-European conventional rail network . The EU has decided on nine `` core network corridors '' within the TEN-T framework , which are : The Scandinavian -- Mediterranean Corridor . Hamina -- Helsinki -- Turku , Stockholm/Oslo -- Copenhagen/Rostock -- Hamburg/Berlin -- Kassel/Leipzig -- Nurnberg-Regensburg -- Munich -- Innsbruck -- Verona -- Florence -- Rome -- Naples -- Messina/Bari -- Palermo/Taranto -- Valletta The North Sea -- Baltic Corridor . Rotterdam -- Amsterdam/Brussels -- Hannover -- Berlin -- Warsaw -- Kaunas -- Riga -- Tallinn The North Sea -- Mediterranean Corridor . Cork -- Dublin -- Belfast , Glasgow/Edinburgh/Holyhead -- Manchester -- Birmingham -- London -- Brussels -- Luxembourg -- Strasbourg/Nancy -- Lyon -- Marseille/Montpellier The Baltic -- Adriatic Corridor . Gdansk/Szczecin -- Warsaw/Poznan -- Lodz/Wroclaw -- Katowice -- Ostrava -- Brno/Bratislava -- Vienna -- Ljubljana/Udine -- Venice -- Bologna -- Ravenna The Orient/East -- Mediterranean Corridor . Hamburg/Bremen/Rostock -- Hannover -- Leipzig/Berlin -- Dresden -- Prague -- Vienna/Bratislava -- Budapest -- Timisoara -- Sofia -- Bourgas/Athens -- Patras/Limassol -- Lefkosia The Rhine -- Alpine Corridor . Amsterdam/Rotterdam/Ostende -- Düsseldorf / Brussels -- Cologne -- Frankfurt -- Basel -- Bern -- Novara/Milan -- Genoa The Atlantic Corridor . Lisbon/Porto/Algeciras -- Salamanca/Madrid -- San Sebastian -- Bordeaux -- Paris -- Le Havre/Mannheim/Strasbourg The Rhine -- Danube Corridor . Strasbourg -- Frankfurt -- Prague -- Kosice/Strasbourg -- Stuttgart -- Munich -- Vienna -- Bratislava -- Budapest -- Timisoara -- Bucharest -- Costanta The Mediterranean Corridor . Algeciras -- Seville/Malaga -- Madrid/Valencia -- Barcelona -- Montpellier -- Lyon -- Turin -- Milan -- Venice -- Ljubljiana -- Zagreb -- Budapest The listed routes are approximate and there are branches on several of them .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b8ed77dcf3a8a56fd7babbdc4a2a5a1a",
"text": "Continental Europe Continental Europe , also referred to as mainland Europe , or , by Europeans , simply the Continent , is the continuous continent of Europe , excluding surrounding islands . The most common definition of continental Europe excludes continental islands , encompassing the Greek Islands , Cyprus , Malta , Sicily , Sardinia , Corsica , the Balearic Islands , Ireland , Great Britain , the Isle of Man , the Channel Islands , Novaya Zemlya and the Danish archipelago , as well as nearby oceanic islands , including the Canary Islands , Madeira , the Azores , Iceland , the Faroe Islands , and Svalbard . The Scandinavian peninsula is sometimes also excluded , as even though it is technically part of `` mainland Europe '' , the de facto connections to the rest of the continent are across the Baltic Sea or North Sea ( rather than via the lengthy land route that involves travelling to the north of the peninsula where it meets Finland , and then south through north-east Europe ) . The notion of Europe as a geopolitical or cultural term is centred on core Europe ( Kerneuropa ) , the continental territory of the historical Carolingian Empire and the core of Latin Christendom , corresponding to modern France , Italy , Germany ( or German-speaking Europe ) and the Benelux states ( historical Austrasia ) . This historical core of `` Carolingian Europe '' was consciously invoked in the 1950s as the historical ethno-cultural basis for the prospective European integration ( see also Multi-speed Europe ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "904a953ab1d4b6fb877f38ee21f7261d",
"text": "London Protocol (1852) On 8 May 1852 , after the First War of Schleswig , an agreement called the London Protocol was signed . This international treaty was the revision of an earlier protocol , which had been ratified on 2 August 1850 , by the major Germanic powers of Austria and Prussia . The second London Protocol was recognised by the five major European powers -- Austria , France , Prussia , Russia , and the United Kingdom -- as well as by the Baltic Sea powers of Denmark and Sweden . The Protocol affirmed the integrity of the Danish federation as a `` European necessity and standing principle '' . Accordingly , the duchies of Schleswig ( a Danish fief ) , and Holstein and Lauenburg ( German fiefs ) were joined by personal union with the Kingdom of Denmark . However , Frederick VII of Denmark was childless , so a change in dynasty was imminent and the lines of succession for the duchies and Denmark diverged . That meant that , contrary to the Protocol , the new King of Denmark would not also be the new Duke of Holstein and Duke of Lauenburg . So for this purpose , the line of succession to the duchies was modified . Further , it was affirmed that the duchies were to remain as independent entities , and that Schleswig would have no greater constitutional affinity to Denmark than Holstein did . The major powers primarily wanted to ensure , by guaranteeing Denmark 's territorial integrity , that the strategically significant port of Kiel would not fall into Prussian hands . Eleven years later , this treaty became the trigger for the German -- Danish war of 1864 . Prussia and Austria declared that Denmark had violated the Protocol by introducing the November Constitution , which Christian IX of Denmark signed on 18 November 1863 . After an initial period of joint Austro -- Prussian administration , Kiel was ultimately delivered to Prussia in 1867 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "65a0c26a7ec76836cd1ce00c82dd24ad",
"text": "Croydon Croydon is a large town in south London , England , 9.5 mi south of Charing Cross . The principal settlement in the London Borough of Croydon , it is one of the largest commercial districts outside Central London , with an extensive shopping district and night-time economy . Its population of 52,104 at the 2011 census includes the wards of Addiscombe , Broad Green and Fairfield . Historically part of the hundred of Wallington in the county of Surrey , at the time of the Norman conquest of England Croydon had a church , a mill , and around 365 inhabitants , as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 . Croydon expanded in the Middle Ages as a market town and a centre for charcoal production , leather tanning and brewing . The Surrey Iron Railway from Croydon to Wandsworth opened in 1803 and was the world 's first public railway . Later nineteenth century railway building facilitated Croydon 's growth as a commuter town for London . By the early 20th century , Croydon was an important industrial area , known for car manufacture , metal working and Croydon Airport . In the mid 20th century these sectors were replaced by retailing and the service economy , brought about by massive redevelopment which saw the rise of office blocks and the Whitgift Centre , the largest shopping centre in London until 2008 . Croydon was amalgamated into Greater London in 1965 . Croydon lies on a transport corridor between central London and the south coast of England , to the north of two gaps in the North Downs , one followed by the A23 Brighton Road through Purley and Merstham and the main railway line and the other by the A22 from Purley to the M25 Godstone interchange . Road traffic is diverted away from a largely pedestrianised town centre , mostly consisting of the North End . East Croydon is a major hub of the national railway transport system , with frequent fast services to central London , Brighton and the south coast . The town is unique in Greater London for its Tramlink light rail transport system .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fae77ba68c18745b7688b0f65e1ef68b",
"text": "Ealing London Borough Council Ealing London Borough Council is the local authority for the London Borough of Ealing in Greater London , England . It is a London borough council , one of 32 in the United Kingdom capital of London .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b2c7bd99483ee751c6a7675c708c5a63",
"text": "St Paul's Cathedral St Paul 's Cathedral , London , is an Anglican cathedral , the seat of the Bishop of London and the mother church of the Diocese of London . It sits on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London and is a Grade 1 listed building . Its dedication to Paul the Apostle dates back to the original church on this site , founded in AD 604 . The present cathedral , dating from the late 17th century , was designed in the English Baroque style by Sir Christopher Wren . Its construction , completed in Wren 's lifetime , was part of a major rebuilding programme in the City after the Great Fire of London . The cathedral is one of the most famous and most recognisable sights of London . Its dome , framed by the spires of Wren 's City churches , dominated the skyline for 300 years . At 365 ft high , it was the tallest building in London from 1710 to 1967 . The dome is among the highest in the world . St Paul 's is the second-largest church building in area in the United Kingdom after Liverpool Cathedral . St Paul 's Cathedral occupies a significant place in the national identity . It is the central subject of much promotional material , as well as of images of the dome surrounded by the smoke and fire of the Blitz . Services held at St Paul 's have included the funerals of Lord Nelson , the Duke of Wellington , Sir Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher ; jubilee celebrations for Queen Victoria ; peace services marking the end of the First and Second World Wars ; the wedding of Charles , Prince of Wales and Lady Diana Spencer ; the launch of the Festival of Britain ; and the thanksgiving services for the Silver , Golden and Diamond Jubilees and the 80th and 90th birthdays of Elizabeth II . St Paul 's Cathedral is a working church with hourly prayer and daily services . The tourist entry fee at the door is # 18 for adults ( March 2017 , cheaper online ) , but no charge is made to worshippers .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "39ea9c7a6519e8764b8ce6f6a559f886",
"text": "France France ( -LSB- fʁɑ̃s -RSB- ) , officially the French Republic ( -LSB- ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz -RSB- ) , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . France spans 643801 km2 and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome , which held Gaul until 486 , when the Germanic Franks conquered the region and formed the Kingdom of France . France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , with its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 to 1453 ) strengthening state-building and political centralisation . During the Renaissance , French culture flourished and a global colonial empire was established , which by the 20th century would be the second largest in the world . The 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars between Catholics and Protestants ( Huguenots ) . France became Europe 's dominant cultural , political , and military power under Louis XIV . In the late 18th century , the French Revolution overthrew the absolute monarchy , established one of modern history 's earliest republics , and saw the drafting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen , which expresses the nation 's ideals to this day . In the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire , whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe . Following the collapse of the Empire , France endured a tumultuous succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870 . France was a major participant in the First World War , from which it emerged victorious , and was one of the Allied Powers in the Second World War , but came under occupation by the Axis Powers in 1940 . Following liberation in 1944 , a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War . The Fifth Republic , led by Charles de Gaulle , was formed in 1958 and remains to this day . Algeria and nearly all the other colonies became independent in the 1960s and typically retained close economic and military connections with France . France has long been a global centre of art , science , and philosophy . It hosts Europe 's fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually , the most of any country in the world . France is a developed country with the world 's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity . In terms of aggregate household wealth , it ranks fourth in the world . France performs well in international rankings of education , health care , life expectancy , and human development . France remains a great power in the world , being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state . It is a leading member state of the European Union and the Eurozone . It is also a member of the Group of 7 , North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) , and La Francophonie .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5c8dcd0713ac34a3b8c59d7a8ef87ba5",
"text": "European Capital of Culture The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one calendar year during which it organises a series of cultural events with a strong European dimension . Preparing a European Capital of Culture can be an opportunity for the city to generate considerable cultural , social and economic benefits and it can help foster urban regeneration , change the city 's image and raise its visibility and profile on an international scale . In 1985 , former actress Melina Mercouri , then Greece 's minister of culture , and her French counterpart Jack Lang came up with the idea of designating an annual Capital of Culture to bring Europeans closer together by highlighting the richness and diversity of European cultures and raising awareness of their common history and values . The Commission of the European Union manages the title and each year the Council of Ministers of the European Union formally designates European Capitals of Culture : more than 40 cities have been designated so far . An international panel of cultural experts is in charge of assessing the proposals of cities for the title according to criteria specified by the European Union . A 2004 study conducted for the European Commission , known as the `` Palmer report '' , demonstrated that the choice of European Capital of Culture served as a catalyst for the cultural development and the transformation of the city . Consequently , the beneficial socio-economic development and impact for the chosen city are now also considered in determining the chosen cities .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0d5d258490bea006ea4e9e4256a1013e",
"text": "English independence English independence is a political stance advocating secession of England , the largest and most populous country of the British Isles , from the United Kingdom . Support for secession of England has been influenced by the increasing devolution of political powers to Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland , where independence from the United Kingdom is a prominent subject of political debate . English independence is seen by its advocates as a way to resolve the West Lothian question in British politics : Scottish , Welsh and Northern Irish MPs in the Parliament of the United Kingdom at Westminster can vote on matters affecting England , while English MPs do not have the same power over equivalent issues in Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland , as these powers are devolved to the Scottish Parliament , Northern Ireland Assembly or the National Assembly for Wales . While some minor political parties have campaigned for English independence , all major UK-wide political parties adhere to the opposing view of British unionism , and oppose altering the constitutional status of England . Scottish demands for independence , rather than English demands , are seen as the most pressing threat to British unity ; Scotland voted against independence at the referendum on 18 September 2014 . and a second vote is proposed in late 2018 or early 2019 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "92ff451428ab9daa52f10c064d15eb12",
"text": "List of tallest buildings in the European Union This list ranks the tallest buildings in the European Union that stand at least 100 m tall , based on standard height measurement . This means that spires and other architectural details are included in the official height , but not antenna masts , as it is defined by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat . Only habitable buildings are ranked , which excludes radio masts and towers , observation towers , cathedrals , steeples , chimneys and other tall architectural structures . Since 2011 , the tallest building in the EU has been The Shard in London , United Kingdom , at 310 m.",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
a1a37b74491baec91ca69fa036c6abf1 | Gift of the Night Fury stars the voice of an actor whose legal middle name is James. | [
{
"docid": "5785fb0ae311da2b21440181abee66b1",
"text": "Gerard Butler Gerard James Butler ( born 13 November 1969 ) is a Scottish actor who has appeared on film , stage , and television . After studying law , Butler turned to acting in the mid-1990s with small roles in productions such as Mrs Brown ( 1997 ) , the James Bond film Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) , and Tale of the Mummy ( 1998 ) . In 2000 , he starred as Dracula in the horror film Dracula 2000 with Christopher Plummer and Jonny Lee Miller . The following year onward , he played Attila the Hun in the miniseries Attila ( 2001 ) and then appeared in the films Reign of Fire with Christian Bale ( 2002 ) , and Lara Croft Tomb Raider : The Cradle of Life with Angelina Jolie ( 2003 ) , before playing André Marek in the adaptation of Michael Crichton 's science fiction adventure Timeline ( 2003 ) . He then was cast as the role of Erik , The Phantom in Joel Schumacher 's 2004 film adaptation of the musical The Phantom of the Opera alongside Emmy Rossum . That role earned him a Satellite Award nomination for Best Actor . Although Attila and The Phantom of the Opera were important breaks , it was only in 2007 that Butler gained worldwide recognition for his portrayal of King Leonidas in Zack Snyder 's fantasy war film 300 . That role earned him nominations for an Empire Award for Best Actor and a Saturn Award for Best Actor and a win for MTV Movie Award for Best Fight . In the 2010s , he voiced the role of Stoick the Vast in the animated action-fantasy film How to Train Your Dragon , a role he later reprised in Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon ( 2010 ) , Gift of the Night Fury ( 2011 ) and How to Train Your Dragon 2 ( 2014 ) . He played military leader Tullus Aufidius in the 2011 film Coriolanus , the modernized adaptation of Shakespeare 's tragedy of the same name . He also played Sam Childers in the 2011 action biopic Machine Gun Preacher .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b3eeeb103b9bae526dc5ad01da368ac1",
"text": "Gift of the Night Fury Gift of the Night Fury is a 2011 computer-animated short film by DreamWorks Animation and directed by Tom Owens . It was released on November 15 , 2011 , on DVD and Blu-ray , along with another original animated short film Book of Dragons . Based on How to Train Your Dragon , the short takes place in the middle of preparing for the Viking winter holiday . After all dragons inexplicably fly away , the last one of them unwittingly kidnaps Hiccup . The film stars the voices of Jay Baruchel , Gerard Butler , Craig Ferguson , America Ferrera , Jonah Hill , T.J. Miller , Kristen Wiig , and Christopher Mintz-Plasse .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "e274bd0b61953860b225d376b115c1bf",
"text": "Joseph Ashton (actor) Joseph Ashton Valencia ( born November 18 , 1986 ) is an American film actor and voice actor .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8528578d3721853df6c6a12ae0ff8282",
"text": "James Smillie James Smillie is a British and Australian actor known for his roles in stage and television productions and voice over . Smillie was born in Scotland and emigrated from the Glasgow tenements , carving out a career in Australia before returning to the United Kingdom to appear in stage roles in London 's West End . On television , he is probably best known internationally for his role as Dr. Dan Marshall in the lavish 1980s Australian soap opera Return to Eden .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "65b2944eef7c113704188b86a5788ced",
"text": "John Michael Higgins John Michael Higgins ( born February 12 , 1963 ) is an American actor and voice actor whose film credits include Christopher Guest 's mockumentaries , the role of David Letterman in HBO 's The Late Shift , and a starring role in the American version of Kath & Kim . He portrayed Peter Lovett in the TV Land original sitcom Happily Divorced , and provided the voice of Iknik Blackstone Varrick in The Legend of Korra . He currently stars in the NBC sitcom Great News as Chuck Pierce .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "87461f1c496a6181f2361be6bc231069",
"text": "Mike O'Brien (actor) Michael Patrick O'Brien ( born June 22 , 1976 ) , is an American actor , writer , and comedian , best known for his work as a writer and short filmmaker on Saturday Night Live .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "45f30ee68ec15c6b70f83103f4839676",
"text": "Wes Brown (actor) James Wesley `` Wes '' Brown ( born January 26 , 1982 ) is an American actor .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8c781f47d78a818a988564324a6f57ed",
"text": "James Urbaniak James Christian Urbaniak ( born September 17 , 1963 ) is an American actor and voice actor . Urbaniak was born in Bayonne , New Jersey and currently lives in Los Angeles , California . One of his first noteworthy roles was in the avant-garde playwright/director Richard Foreman 's The Universe , for which Urbaniak won an Obie . His first media appearance occurred in 1983 , when at the age of 20 , James came onstage from the audience of Late Night with David Letterman , to try his hand at a monologue joke that Letterman had flubbed . He has also been acclaimed for his acting in the films Henry Fool and American Splendor , in the latter of which he played legendary illustrator R. Crumb . He was nominated for a Drama Desk Award for his role in Thom Pain ( based on nothing ) . He provides the voice for main character Dr. Thaddeus Venture on The Venture Bros. as well as the Doctor 's brother Jonas Venture Junior and the super-villain Phantom Limb . Urbaniak played a pizza guy in the famous `` Whassup ? '' television commercials for Budweiser . He also portrayed the moderator in `` Human Centipede Anonymous '' , a Funny or Die short depicting three men who grapple with their past as a human centipede . Urbaniak appeared on Ken Reid 's TV Guidance Counselor Podcast on May 13 , 2015 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1a548e2f681fe989049157974ff3d708",
"text": "James Byng James Byng ( born 1985 ) is an English actor and vocalist . Acting since the age of ten , James made his West End debut in the title role of Oliver ! at the London Palladium . He played the same role in the national tour of Oliver ! and at the Royal Charity Gala Hey ! Mr. Producer , honoring theatrical producer Cameron Mackintosh at the Lyceum Theatre on 8 June 1998 . Byng also played Gavroche in Les Misérables at the Palace Theatre . From 2007 to 2008 he was seen on stage at the Theatre Royal , Drury Lane , first playing various ensemble roles and then taking over the part of Frodo Baggins in Matthew Warchus ' theatrical adaption of The Lord of the Rings . In 2008-09 Byng appeared in the role of John Darling in the musical Peter Pan at the West Yorkshire Playhouse in Leeds . He just finished a tour with the West Yorkshire Playhouse production of The History Boys by Alan Bennet , in which he played Posner . From September until November 2010 Byng was on tour with a production of Carrie 's War in the role of Nick Willow . After performing in Secret Cinema - Back to the Future he can currently be seen in The Grimm Tales at The Bargehouse at Oxo Tower Wharf . Byng 's television and film work includes the role of George Hawthorne in the 2002 television adaptation of Goodbye Mr. Chips , starring Martin Clunes which aired both in Great Britain and in the United States . In this made-for-television film he appeared as James Malcolm . He also played wayward American Montague Bear in the independent film Rupert Brockstein 's Blood Red Letters . James has also been seen and heard as host and resident jazz vocalist at the Starlight Theatre , Manchester , and the Grove Inn Jazz Club in Leeds .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "432dfa22330ee8ddb91b195bf4605867",
"text": "Ultimate Nick Fury General Nicholas Joseph `` Nick '' Fury is a fictional character appearing in comic books published by Marvel Comics ' Ultimate Marvel section as a different version of Nick Fury . He has a substantial presence in all the Ultimate Marvel comics , appearing first in Ultimate Marvel Team-Up and Ultimate X-Men and later reappearing regularly in Ultimate Spider-Man and finally securing a regular , recurring role as the general of S.H.I.E.L.D. and the leader of the Ultimates , a re-imagining of the Avengers . His character was redesigned to look like Samuel L. Jackson , the actor who later went on to portray Nick Fury in several Marvel movies and television shows set in the established Marvel Cinematic Universe .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2c0e4812a7ce10d2cf8beca649ea1d36",
"text": "Lee Majors Lee Majors ( born Harvey Lee Yeary ; April 23 , 1939 ) is an American film , television and voice actor . Majors is best known for portraying the roles of Heath Barkley in the American television Western series The Big Valley ( 1965 -- 1969 ) , Colonel Steve Austin in the American television science fiction action series The Six Million Dollar Man ( 1973 -- 1978 ) , and Colt Seavers in American television action series The Fall Guy ( 1981 -- 1986 ) . In the television series The Six Million Dollar Man , Steve Austin takes on special high-risk government missions using his superhuman bionic powers . The television character Steve Austin became a pop culture icon of the 1970s . Majors reprised the role of Colonel Steve Austin in several bionic reunion television movies in the late 1980s and 1990s . He appeared in a number of supporting , recurring and cameo roles in feature films and television series , and lent his voice to a number of animated TV series and video games .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "12724cf7ce17bb9c18fc777462cde055",
"text": "James Cosmo James Cosmo ( born 24 May 1948 ) is a Scottish actor known for his appearances in films including Highlander , Braveheart , Trainspotting , Troy , and The Chronicles of Narnia : The Lion , the Witch and the Wardrobe , as well as television series such as Game of Thrones and Sons of Anarchy . On 3 January 2017 Cosmo entered the nineteenth series of Celebrity Big Brother , on Day 19 of the series he won a pass to the final on 3 February 2017 and finished in fourth place .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3fbd789e748a57dc45512908e44e1e0d",
"text": "Ryan O'Quinn Ryan O'Quinn ( born March 6 , 1972 ) is an American television , film and voice actor , author and comedian .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7031d99518d21ce013dad44aa2c018d5",
"text": "Brandon Potter Charles Brandon Potter ( born July 28 , 1982 ) is an American voice actor , voice director , and script writer who works for anime series at Funimation/OkraTron 5000 . He has provided voices for a number of English-language versions of Japanese anime series and films .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c0670bf8272dd4e7cc21fce6c9d3a54d",
"text": "James Stark James Stark may refer to : People James Stark , pseudonym for Robert Conroy Goldston ( b. 1927 ) , American historical writer James Stark ( painter ) ( 1794 -- 1859 ) , English painter James Stark ( footballer ) , Scottish footballer James Stark , 19th-century North American actor James P. Stark ( 1885 -- 1929 ) , British athlete James R. Stark , United States Navy admiral James D. Stark synth-pop artist from Portland , Oregon . Fictional characters James Stark , a vampire in the House of Night series of novels",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5cb8f10e8ad39a9bfa6cc1ccda2fe2f9",
"text": "James Morrison (actor) James Paige Morrison ( born April 21 , 1954 ) is an American actor best known for his portrayal of CTU Director Bill Buchanan on 24 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c43758257263879a5eba13494cea5b59",
"text": "Michael-James Olsen Michael-James Olsen ( born 1994 ) is an Australian/American film actor .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a18c593be7895a91c672f181046a37b9",
"text": "Mikey Kelley Michael `` Mikey '' Kelley ( November 14 , 1973 ) is an American voice actor .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ed51b3bf533cd34317aa549a9cf18ae1",
"text": "Manikuttan Thomas James , better known by his stage name Manikuttan , is an Indian film and television actor .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6cdeedf9e05b7658ea55d96538ae4eac",
"text": "Joel McDonald (actor) Joel McDonald ( born December 23 , 1980 ) is an American actor , voice director , and script writer who works for anime series at Funimation .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "da10ac6a125739049f138d9306583b5e",
"text": "Carlos Knight Carlos Knight ( born September 22 , 1993 ) is an American actor and comedian . He co-starred as Owen Reynolds in Supah Ninjas and as Diesel ( his character from Fred 2 : Night of the Living Fred and also Fred 3 : Camp Fred ) in Fred : The Show .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9655e7f640aa8ff5c4ffadcc3262172f",
"text": "Craig Shoemaker Craig Shoemaker ( born November 15 , 1958 ) is an American comedian , writer , and voice actor . He is best known for his baritone-voiced character , The Lovemaster , which he routinely portrays in his comedy act . In 1997 he was named Funniest Male Stand-Up Comic at the American Comedy Awards .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
bf1b7e00de58f1bc6d203b6992f98779 | The Khmer Empire is somehow related to modern Cambodia. | [
{
"docid": "995134c0a9d8eeda850a57a50492f17e",
"text": "Khmer Empire The Khmer Empire , officially the Angkor Empire , the predecessor state to modern Cambodia ( `` Kampuchea '' or `` Srok Khmer '' to the Khmer people ) , was a powerful Hindu-Buddhist empire in Southeast Asia . The empire , which grew out of the former kingdoms of Funan and Chenla , at times ruled over and/or vassalised most of mainland Southeast Asia . Its greatest legacy is Angkor , in present-day Cambodia , which was the site of the capital city during the empire 's zenith . The majestic monuments of Angkor -- such as Angkor Wat and Bayon -- bear testimony to the Khmer Empire 's immense power and wealth , impressive art and culture , architectural technique and aesthetics achievements , as well as the variety of belief systems that it patronised over time . Satellite imaging has revealed that Angkor , during its peak in the 11th to 13th centuries , was the largest pre-industrial urban centre in the world . The beginning of the era of the Khmer Empire is conventionally dated to 802 CE . In this year , King Jayavarman II had himself declared chakravartin ( `` king of the world '' , or `` king of kings '' ) on Phnom Kulen . The empire ended with the fall of Angkor in the 15th century .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "27b3043812c6aab0e476e78ae4d420ea",
"text": "Central Market, Phnom Penh The Central Market ( ផ ស រធ ថ ម , `` Psah Thom Thmey '' , `` New Grand Market '' ) , is a large market constructed in 1937 in the shape of a dome with four arms branching out into vast hallways with countless stalls of goods . Initial design and layouts are from French architect Louis Chauchon . Construction works were supervised by French architects Jean Desbois and Wladimir Kandaouroff . It is located in Cambodia 's capital city , Phnom Penh . When it first opened in 1937 , it was said to be the biggest market in Asia ; today it still operates as a market . From 2009 to 2011 , it underwent a US$ 4.2 million renovation funded by the French Development Agency . The unique Art Deco building is a Phnom Penh landmark . Before 1935 , the area was a lake that received runoff during the rainy season . The lake was drained and construction began in 1935 . Since its completion in 1937 , wet season flooding around the market has remained a problem and is vestigial evidence of the old lake . The entrance to the market is lined with souvenir merchants hawking everything from T-shirts and postcards to silver curios and kramas . Inside is a dazzling display of jewels and gold . Electronic goods , stationery , secondhand clothes and flowers are also sold . During the Franco-Thai war the market was bombed heavily by Thai aircraft , causing heavy damage , and it had to be temporarily closed . After the end of World War II the market was rebuilt in the modern style .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "779338d4bd1dfe4c6be384e04e80d01a",
"text": "Provisional Government of National Union and National Salvation of Cambodia The Provisional Government of National Union and National Salvation of Cambodia ( PGNUNSC ) was an Internationally unrecognized and ostensibly provisional government set up by the Khmer Rouge on July 11 , 1994 in opposition to the established Kingdom of Cambodia . Its Prime Minister was Khieu Samphan ( who was also head of the armed forces ) and its Deputy Prime Minister ( in charge also of foreign affairs ) was Son Sen. It was staffed by members of the Cambodian National Unity Party . Areas it controlled included Pailin ( the capital of the provisional government ) and Preah Vihear ( where it was based . ) The Khmer Rouge radio station was also known as the `` Radio of the Provisional Government of National Union and National Salvation of Cambodia . '' Other ministers included Chan Youran , Mak Ben , In Sopheap , Kor Bun Heng , Pich Cheang and Chuon Choeun . In August 1996 senior Khmer Rouge official Ieng Sary defected from the KR with two armed divisions and the formation of his own party , the Democratic National Union Movement , which in turn encouraged more defections from the KR as Pol Pot ordered the assassinations of Son Sen ( which was successful ) and Ta Mok ( which was not . ) In mid-June 1997 Khieu Samphan ( who had by now founded the Khmer National Solidarity Party ) denounced Pol Pot and began discussing demobilization and a return to civilian life . With Pol Pot 's death in April 1998 and widespread sentiment within the Khmer Rouge for an end to an almost 20-year conflict , Khieu Samphan and Ta Mok dissolved the provisional government on June 22 , 1998 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "004d722d3485850c1c8d51908ff217fe",
"text": "Mahendraparvata Mahendraparvata is an ancient city of the Khmer Empire era in Cambodia . The existence of the city has been known for decades , however , much of it lay concealed by forest and earth . The city was uncovered by an archaeological expedition led by Jean-Baptiste Chevance and Damian Evans in 2012 with the aid of airborne laser scanning technology called LIDAR .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "80c380e27fd14fe1ab0e0748d5f6bb03",
"text": "Zabag kingdom Zabag ( Chinese : Sanfotsi ; Sanskrit : Suvarnadvipa , Javaka ; Arabic : Zabaj ) is thought to have been an ancient kingdom located south of China somewhere in Southeast Asia , between the Chenla Kingdom ( now Cambodia ) and Java . The established studies by several historians associated this kingdom with Srivijaya and pointed its location somewhere in Sumatra , Java or Malay Peninsula . However its exact location is still the subject of debate among scholars . Other possible locations such as northern Borneo and Philippines are also suggested .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "66481c343787b0f438249564e6c207da",
"text": "Chinese Cambodian Chinese Cambodians are Cambodian people of Chinese or partial Chinese descent . The Khmer term Khmer kat Chen is used for people of mixed Cambodian & Chinese descent while Khmer Chen can mean Cambodian born citizens of Chinese ancestry ( Khmer is the majority ethnic group of Cambodia and Chen means `` Chinese '' in the Khmer language ) . During the late 1960s and early 1970s , they were the largest ethnic minority in Cambodia ; there were an estimated 425,000 . However , by 1984 , there were only 61,400 Cambodians of Chinese ancestry left . This has been attributed to a combination of warfare , economic stagnation , Khmer Rouge , and emigration . There are , however , tens of thousands of mixed Chinese and Khmer ancestry . Despite their relatively small population , Chinese Cambodians are over represented in some of the most visible aspects of Cambodian society , often leading to feelings ranging from resentment to outright discrimination by `` pure '' Khmers . Chinese Cambodians play leading roles in the Cambodian business sector as well as within Cambodia 's political scene . Chinese Cambodians also have a considerable presence in the Cambodian economy and are estimated to own a vast share of it . Many Chinese Cambodians are particularly influential in the Cambodian banking sector where money-lending and shopkeeping enterprises are prevalent . Of particular note is China 's economic role in the country which encouraged Sino-Khmer businessmen to reestablish their past businesses which were once suppressed by the Khmer Rouge .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cd3709c705277d12ec71cd1264643604",
"text": "Tribhuvanāditya Tribhuvanāditya was the ruler of the Khmer Empire from 1166 to 1177 . He came to power after he assassinated Yasovarman II . He ruled over many rebellions by Yasovarman 's loyal supporters but managed to hold the throne until forces from the neighboring Champa empire under Jaya Indravarman III invaded and conquered his capital Angkor . He was then killed Jaya Indravarman III .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "938827c0068820506a6805df0b4d89b4",
"text": "Khmer Rouge The Khmer Rouge ( -LSB- kəˈmɛər_ˈruːʒ -RSB- , -LSB- kmɛʁ ʁuʒ -RSB- , `` Red Khmers '' ; ខ ម រក រហម Khmer Kror-Horm ) was the name given to the followers of the Communist Party of Kampuchea in Cambodia . It was formed in 1968 as an offshoot of the Vietnam People 's Army from North Vietnam , and allied with North Vietnam , the Viet Cong , and the Pathet Lao during the Vietnam War against the anti-communist forces from 1968 to 1975 . The Khmer Rouge emerged victorious in the Cambodian Civil War , overthrew the military dictatorship of the Khmer Republic and installed their own government Democratic Kampuchea in 1975 , led by Pol Pot , Nuon Chea , Ieng Sary , Son Sen , and Khieu Samphan . This was followed by the Cambodian genocide from year 1975 until year 1979 , when the Khmer Rouge was finally removed from power by Vietnam in the Cambodian -- Vietnamese War . The military power of the Khmer Rouge organization was not broken however , and a long era of guerrilla warfare involving large swaths of the Cambodian countryside began . Many different military factions were involved in the guerrilla war era and it ended around 1994 . The Khmer Rouge organization is remembered especially for orchestrating the Cambodian genocide , which resulted from the enforcement of its social engineering policies . Its attempts at agricultural reform led to widespread famine , while its insistence on absolute self-sufficiency , even in the supply of medicine , led to the death of thousands from treatable diseases such as malaria . Arbitrary executions and torture carried out by its cadres against perceived subversive elements , or during purges of its own ranks between 1975 and 1978 , are considered to have constituted genocide . The governments-in-exile ( including the Khmer Rouge ) held onto Cambodia 's UN seat ( with considerable international support ) until 1993 , when the monarchy was restored and the country underwent a name change to the Kingdom of Cambodia . A year later , thousands of Khmer Rouge guerrillas surrendered themselves in a government amnesty . In 1996 , a new political party , the Democratic National Union Movement , was formed by Ieng Sary , who was granted amnesty for his role as the deputy leader of the Khmer Rouge . The organization ( Khmer Rouge ) was largely dissolved by the mid-1990s , and finally surrendered completely in 1999 . In 2014 , two Khmer Rouge leaders , Nuon Chea and Khieu Samphan , were jailed for life by a UN-backed court , which found them guilty of crimes against humanity and responsible for the deaths of up to 2 million Cambodians ( Khmer ) , nearly a quarter of the country 's then population , during the `` Killing Fields '' era between 1975 -- 1979 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3e523817e14f0ad110731d351dc99156",
"text": "Prasat Suor Prat Prasat Suor Prat is a series of twelve towers spanned north to south lining the eastern side of royal square in Angkor Thom , near the town of Siem Reap , Cambodia . The towers are made from rugged laterite and sandstone . The towers are located right in front of Terrace of the Elephants and Terrace of the Leper King , flanking the start of the road leading east to the Victory Gate , on either side of which they are symmetrically arranged . Their function remains unknown . The current tower 's name in Khmer means `` The towers of the tight-rope dancers '' , a romantic name derived from local belief assuming that they were used to support a high wire stretched between them for acrobatics purpose during royal festivals . This belief however , is irrelevant . Zhou Daguan describes in his records that the towers are used to settle disputes among Angkorian people . The temple was possible built during the reign of Indravarman II . Among the twelve towers , the structures identified as N1 tower and N2 antechamber were in danger of collapse and were reconstructed in 2001-2005 by JSA ( Japanese Government Team for the Safeguarding of Angkor ) and APSARA .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "01cda27ece1203405044137aa65de7ee",
"text": "Little Cambodia The term Little Cambodia ( or Cambodia Town ) refers to an ethnic enclave of people from the country of Cambodia . Cambodian presence in the West traces back to the French colonisation of Cambodia from the 1860s to mid-1950s , in which a number of Cambodians migrated to France as students or workers . This group formed the basis of the Cambodian population in France . While some were able to flee to France shortly after the Khmer Rouge took over in 1975 , most Cambodians left their country after the regime in the 1980s , with most arriving in the United States ( specifically to Long Beach , California ; Lowell , Massachusetts and the New York City borough of the Bronx ) , as well as France ( specifically to Paris and the surrounding Île-de-France region ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "554afab7504f682fd4f1a0d78dd83de8",
"text": "Sihanoukism Sihanoukism ( ស ហន ន យម Sihanouk Niyum ) is a Cambodian political ideology referring to Norodom Sihanouk 's style of leadership , particularly in the 1950s . Sihanoukist political parties include the Sangkum Reastr Niyum , FUNCINPEC , and the most recent Community of Royalist People 's Party . On 30 June 2006 , in a letter to Sisowath Thomico , Sihanouk urged FUNCINPEC and other parties not to use in their writings or statements `` Sihanoukism '' and `` Sihanoukist '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6b9ff45252d2f44612fd6319f1b50617",
"text": "Old Pahang Kingdom Old Pahang Kingdom ( Malay : Kerajaan Pahang Tua ) was a historical polity centred in the Pahang region in the east coast of Malay Peninsula . The polity appeared in foreign records from as early as 5th century and at its height , covered much of modern state of Pahang and the entire southerly part of the peninsula . Throughout its pre-Melakan history , Pahang was established as a mueang or naksat of some major regional Malayic mandalas including Langkasuka , Srivijaya and Ligor . Around the middle of the 15th century , it was brought into the orbit of Melaka Sultanate and subsequently established as a vassal Muslim Sultanate in 1470 , following the coronation of the grandson of the former Maharaja as the first Sultan of Pahang .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "eff9f580214de1a62b3b28ecb944c64b",
"text": "Babylonia Babylonia was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in central-southern Mesopotamia ( present-day Iraq ) . A small Amorite-ruled state emerged in 1894 BC , which contained at this time the minor city of Babylon . Babylon greatly expanded during the reign of Hammurabi in the first half of the 18th century BC , becoming a major capital city . During the reign of Hammurabi and afterwards , Babylonia was called Māt Akkadī `` the country of Akkad '' in the Akkadian language . It was often involved in rivalry with its older fellow Akkadian-speaking state of Assyria in northern Mesopotamia . Babylonia briefly became the major power in the region after Hammurabi ( fl . c. 1792 -- 1752 BC middle chronology , or c. 1696 -- 1654 BC , short chronology ) created a short-lived empire , succeeding the earlier Akkadian Empire , Third Dynasty of Ur , and Old Assyrian Empire ; however , the Babylonian empire rapidly fell apart after the death of Hammurabi . The Babylonian state , like Assyria to the north , retained the written Akkadian language for official use ( the language of its native populace ) , despite its Northwest Semitic-speaking Amorite founders and Kassite successors , who spoke a language isolate . It retained the Sumerian language for religious use ( as did Assyria ) , but by the time Babylon was founded , this was no longer a spoken language , having been wholly subsumed by Akkadian . The earlier Akkadian and Sumerian traditions played a major role in Babylonian and Assyrian culture , and the region would remain an important cultural center , even under protracted periods of outside rule . The earliest mention of the city of Babylon can be found in a clay tablet from the reign of Sargon of Akkad ( 2334 -- 2279 BC ) , dating back to the 23rd century BC . Babylon was merely a religious and cultural centre at this point and neither an independent state nor a large city ; like the rest of Mesopotamia , it was subject to the Akkadian Empire which united all the Akkadian and Sumerian speakers under one rule . After the collapse of the Akkadian empire , the south Mesopotamian region was dominated by the Gutian people for a few decades before the rise of the Third Dynasty of Ur , which , apart from northern Assyria , encompassed the whole of Mesopotamia , including the city of Babylon .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "088f380c40945918168c92f152ba63d4",
"text": "Ahom language The Ahom language is a nearly extinct Tai language spoken by the Ahom people who ruled the Brahmaputra river valley in the present day Indian state of Assam between the 13th and the 18th centuries . The language is classified in a Northwestern subgrouping of Southwestern Tai owing to close affinities with Shan , Khamti and , more distantly , Thai . As the Ahom rulers of the area assimilated to the more numerous Assamese , the Indo-Aryan Assamese language gradually replaced Ahom as a spoken language , a process which became complete during the 19th century . As of 2000 , Ahom was only known by approximately 200 priests of the traditional Ahom religion and only used for ceremonial or ritualistic purposes . Although the language is no longer spoken , the exhaustive 1795 Ahom-Assamese lexicon known as the Bar Amra preserves the form of the language that was spoken during the Ahom Kingdom . Ahom is an important language in Tai studies . It was relatively free of both Mon-Khmer and Indo-Aryan influences and has a written tradition dating back to the 13th century .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6b4d592bfc45b97f7e12802728c140ce",
"text": "Economy of Cambodia The economy of Cambodia at present follows an open market system ( market economy ) and has seen rapid economic progress in the last decade . Cambodia had a GDP of $ 18.05 billion in 2015 . Per capita income , although rapidly increasing , is low compared with most neighboring countries . Cambodia 's two largest industries are textiles and tourism , while agricultural activities remain the main source of income for many Cambodians living in rural areas . The service sector is heavily concentrated on trading activities and catering-related services . Recently , Cambodia has reported that oil and natural gas reserves have been found off-shore . In 1995 , with a GDP of $ 2.92 billion the government transformed the country 's economic system from a planned economy to its present market-driven system . Following those changes , growth was estimated at a value of 7 % while inflation dropped from 26 % in 1994 to only 6 % in 1995 . Imports increased due to the influx of foreign aid , and exports , particularly from the country 's garment industry , also increased . After four years of improving economic performance , Cambodia 's economy slowed in 1997-98 due to the regional economic crisis , civil unrest , and political infighting . Foreign investments declined during this period . Also , in 1998 the main harvest was hit by drought . But in 1999 , the first full year of relative peace in 30 years , progress was made on economic reforms and growth resumed at 4 % . Currently , Cambodia 's foreign policy focuses on establishing friendly borders with its neighbors ( such as Thailand and Vietnam ) , as well as integrating itself into regional ( ASEAN ) and global ( WTO ) trading systems . Some of the obstacles faced by this emerging economy are the need for a better education system and the lack of a skilled workforce ; particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside , which struggles with inadequate basic infrastructure . Nonetheless , Cambodia continues to attract investors because of its low wages , plentiful labor , proximity to Asian raw materials , and favorable tax treatment .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a5068f215f18f602423ab4d5a7d230ba",
"text": "George Groslier George Groslier ( -LSB- ʒɔʁʒ ˈgʁo.lje -RSB- ( zhorzh gro-lyay ) ( February 4 , 1887 , in Phnom Penh , Cambodia -- June 18 , 1945 , in Phnom Penh ) was a French polymath who -- through his work as a painter , writer , historian , archaeologist , ethnologist , architect , photographer and curator -- studied , described , popularized and worked to preserve the arts , culture and history of the Khmer Empire of Cambodia . Born in Phnom Penh to a French civil servant -- he was the first French child ever born in Cambodia -- Groslier was taken by his mother to France at the age of two and grew up in Marseilles . Aspiring to become a painter , he tried but failed to win the prestigious Prix de Rome . Shortly afterwards , he returned to Cambodia , on a mission from the Ministry of Education . There he met and befriended a number of French scholars of traditional Cambodian culture . Under their influence , he wrote and published , in France in 1913 , his initial book on this subject : Danseuses Cambodgiennes -- Anciennes et Modernes ( Cambodian Dancers -- Ancient and Modern ) . It was the very first scholarly work ever published in any language on Cambodian dance . He then returned to Cambodia , traveling the length and breadth of the country to examine its ancient monuments and architecture . From this experience came his book A l'ombre d ` Angkor ; notes et impressions sur les temples inconnus de l'ancien Cambodge ( In the Shadow of Angkor : Notes and Impressions on the Unknown Temples of Ancient Cambodia ) . In June 1914 , Groslier enlisted in the French army and was employed as a balloonist in the early part of World War I . It was during this time that he met and married sportswoman Suzanne Cecile Poujade ; they eventually had three children . He was ultimately reassigned to French Indochina because of his knowledge of the Khmer language . Upon his arrival in Phnom Penh in May 1917 , he was charged with a new mission : to found a new Cambodian art museum and organize a school of Cambodian arts . From 1917 to his retirement in 1942 , Groslier changed the focus of his work from that of merely describing Cambodian culture for a European audience to what he called a `` rescue mission '' to save the indigenous national art forms of Cambodia from destruction . His vision for the museum was to build collections from the full range of Cambodia 's traditional works of art . At the art school , Groslier did not try to make the native culture adapt to that of the colonizing power ; on the contrary , he insisted that the school be run by Cambodians for Cambodians and that no European influence be allowed . He was also intolerant of any attempts by Europeans to loot or damage native art . In 1923 , the 22-year-old writer André Malraux , later to become world-famous , removed some bas-relief statues from a 10th Century temple , Banteay Srei , with the intention of selling them to an art museum . Although Malraux claimed that he was acting within the law , Groslier immediately had him arrested , scarring the former 's reputation in Indochina . Groslier would later contemptuously refer to Malraux as `` le petit voleur '' ( `` the little thief '' ) . Between 1920 and 1939 , Groslier 's family frequently traveled between France and Cambodia so that the three children could attend schools in France . In 1939 , however , events leading up to the Second World War made such travel increasingly dangerous , and Suzanne was forced to remain in France with their two sons , while Nicole , their daughter , stayed with her father in Cambodia . When the Japanese military occupied Cambodia , because French colonies were then administered by the pro-Axis Vichy regime , violence was initially avoided . But in March 1945 , as the Allies made further advances in Asia , the Japanese relieved French officials of their authority , rounded up all foreign nationals , and placed them under guard in concentration camps . Because of his known enthusiasm for shortwave radio , Groslier was suspected by the Japanese of being part of the anti-Japanese resistance . On June 18 , 1945 , in Phnom Penh , while imprisoned by the Kempeitai , Groslier died under torture . He was later officially recognized as Mort pour la France ( `` Died in the service of France '' ) . All Groslier 's major work was inspired by his profound love and respect for the Cambodian people and their culture . Referring to his numerous talents , literary scholar Henri Copin has written : Through these disciplines of learning and art he roamed majestically , like that familiar Asiatic figure the elephant , all while exploring the past and absorbing the present of the country that witnessed his birth and , ultimately , his death . Drawing from this matchless wellspring of riches , he was able to convey , in writings both knowledgeable and sensitive , the ties and emotions that bound him to the land of the Khmer and its singular culture . In addition to his extensive body of scholarly writings on the art , archaeology and history of the Khmer people of Cambodia , Groslier 's books include detailed travelogues as well as works of fiction -- such as the novel Retour à l'Argile ( Return to Clay ( 1928 ) ) , which won Le prix de littérature colonial ( Grand Prize of Colonial Literature ) in 1929 -- describing his impressions of , and interactions with , Cambodians . Both institutions he founded , the National Museum of Cambodia and the Royal University of Fine Arts , are still in operation today .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a476c1229122e570cb9c15244fe42889",
"text": "France–Thailand relations France -- Thailand relations cover a period from the 16th century until modern times . Relations started in earnest during the reign of Louis XIV of France with numerous reciprocal embassies and a major attempt by France to Christianize the kingdom of Thailand ( then known as Siam ) and establish a French protectorate , which failed when the country revolted against foreign intrusions in 1688 . France would only return more than a century and a half later as a modernised colonial power , engaging in a struggle for territory and influence against Thailand in mainland Southeast Asia that would last until the 20th century .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5f9a9346441294ac7d5f805599eb0943",
"text": "Human rights in Cambodia The human rights situation in Cambodia is facing growing criticisms both within the country and an increasingly alarmed international community . After a series of flagrant violation against basic human rights a feeling of incertitude regarding the direction the country is emerging , sometimes comparing the situation to a newborn Burma . In its report on Cambodia , Human Rights Watch stated that `` Authorities continue to ban or disperse most public demonstrations . Politicians and journalists critical of the government face violence and intimidation and are barred from equal access to the broadcast media . In addition , the judiciary remains weak and subject to political influence . Trafficking of women and children for sexual exploitation through networks protected or backed by police or government officials is rampant . The government continues to turn a blind eye to fraudulent confiscation of farmers ' land , illegal logging , and widespread plundering of natural resources . '' The current state of the country could be described as a semblance of pluralistic democracy . In July 2004 , the royalist opposition party FUNCINPEC formed a coalition government with the Cambodian People Party ( CPP ) after a political deadlock of more than a year . More recently , Sam Rainsy Party ( SRP ) members have been targeted for criminal prosecutions , after seeing the parliamentarian immunity of several SRP members lifted by a criticized closed-door hand vote with members of the parliament .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "eacbce87fa058de67aff886d96d78278",
"text": "Western Satraps The Western Satraps , Western Kshatrapas , or Kshaharatas ( 35 -- 405 ) were Indo-Scythian ( Saka ) rulers of the western and central part of India ( Saurashtra and Malwa : modern Gujarat , Maharashtra , Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh states ) . They are so named in contrast to the `` Northern Satraps '' who ruled around East Punjab and the area of Mathura . The Western Satraps were contemporaneous with the Kushans who ruled the northern part of the Indian subcontinent and were possibly their overlords , and the Satavahana ( Andhra ) who ruled in Central India . They are called `` Western '' in contrast to the `` Northern '' Indo-Scythian satraps who ruled in the area of Mathura , such as Rajuvula , and his successors under the Kushans , the `` Great Satrap '' Kharapallana and the `` Satrap '' Vanaspara . Although they called themselves `` Satraps '' on their coins , leading to their modern designation of `` Western Satraps '' , Ptolemy in his 2nd century `` Geographia '' still called them `` Indo-Scythians '' . The power of the Saka rulers started to decline in the 2nd century CE after the Saka rulers were defeated by the south Indian Emperor Gautamiputra Satakarni of the Satavahana dynasty . Later the Saka kingdom was completely destroyed by Chandragupta II of the Gupta Empire in the 4th century CE . Altogether , there were 27 independent Western Satrap rulers during a period of about 350 years . The word Kshatrapa stands for satrap , itself descended from Old Persian and which means viceroy or governor of a province .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cb5d0fda29194499f49cf4d48e3cb4be",
"text": "Laos–Thailand relations Laos and Thailand have had bilateral relations for the most part of history . The two countries share a common border , share linguistic and cultural similarities , and have long intertwined histories since the time of their predecessor kingdoms Lan Xang and Ayutthaya in the 15th century . The Lao kingdom of Lan Xang included all of northeastern Thailand as recently as the early 18th century . Thailand 's northeastern region , Isan , has particularly strong Lao roots . Linguistically , the inhabitants of Isan , a third of the Thai population , speak the Isan language , a Lao dialect . Both countries have an interest in making the Mekong River a `` river of true peace and friendship '' , as their respective prime ministers called for in 1976 . Diplomatic relations between the modern states were established in 1950 , but cross-border cooperation only began at the end of the Cold War .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e91b955813be81d27afbe088a13cdc54",
"text": "Samrong Sen Samrong Sen ( alternates : Somron-Seng , Somrong Seng , Somrong Sen , Som-Ron-Sen ) on the east bank of the Stueng Chinit River is a prehistoric archaeological site in the Kampong Chhnang Province , Cambodia . Consisting of a very large fluviatile shell midden , it flourished in particular from 1500 BC to 500 BC . Excavations at Samrong Sen , which started in the 1880s , have been described as the earliest prehistoric archaeological studies which gave credence to the concept of Southeast Asian Bronze Age . Excavations conducted to depths of 6 m stratifications have revealed that Samrong Sen provides a link to the professional skills and burial practices of the Bronze Age communities who lived in the Banchiang area on the banks of the Chinit River . As Samrong Sen was almost the only known prehistoric settlement in Cambodia for many years , it was visited by many archaeologists and its artefacts were studied by scientists in several countries . It has been characterized as a highly developed Stone Age culture in Indo-China .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
6afc1709c4a446b12e84f1a54d7663b8 | Planet of the Apes is a film. | [
{
"docid": "f8ff89d49a4352fbbaa52d660f14cd3a",
"text": "Planet of the Apes (1968 film) Planet of the Apes is a 1968 American science fiction film directed by Franklin J. Schaffner . It stars Charlton Heston , Roddy McDowall , Kim Hunter , Maurice Evans , James Whitmore , James Daly and Linda Harrison . The screenplay by Michael Wilson and Rod Serling was loosely based on the 1963 French novel La Planète des Singes by Pierre Boulle . Jerry Goldsmith composed the groundbreaking avant-garde score . It was the first in a series of five films made between 1968 and 1973 , all produced by Arthur P. Jacobs and released by 20th Century Fox . The film tells the story of an astronaut crew who crash-land on a strange planet in the distant future . Although the planet appears desolate at first , the surviving crew members stumble upon a society in which apes have evolved into creatures with human-like intelligence and speech . The apes have assumed the role of the dominant species and humans are mute creatures wearing animal skins . The script was originally written by Rod Serling , but underwent many rewrites before filming eventually began . Directors J. Lee Thompson and Blake Edwards were approached , but the film 's producer Arthur P. Jacobs , upon the recommendation of Charlton Heston , chose Franklin J. Schaffner to direct the film . Schaffner 's changes included an ape society less advanced -- and therefore less expensive to depict -- than that of the original novel . Filming took place between May 21 and August 10 , 1967 , in California , Utah and Arizona , with desert sequences shot in and around Lake Powell , Glen Canyon National Recreation Area . The film 's final `` closed '' cost was $ 5.8 million . The film was released on February 8 , 1968 , in the United States and was a commercial success , earning a lifetime domestic gross of $ 32.6 million . The film was groundbreaking for its prosthetic makeup techniques by artist John Chambers and was well received by critics and audiences , launching a film franchise , including four sequels , as well as a short-lived television show , animated series , comic books , and various merchandising . In particular , Roddy McDowall had a long-running relationship with the Apes series , appearing in four of the original five films ( absent , apart from a brief voiceover , from the second film of the series , Beneath the Planet of the Apes , in which he was replaced by David Watson in the role of Cornelius ) , and also in the television series . The original series was followed by Tim Burton 's remake Planet of the Apes in 2001 and the reboot Rise of the Planet of the Apes in 2011 . Also in 2001 , Planet of the Apes was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "139624e58a09dcb5f8ea7b4e80fa282a",
"text": "Tarzan Escapes Tarzan Escapes is a 1936 Tarzan film based on the character created by Edgar Rice Burroughs . It was the third in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Tarzan series to feature Johnny Weissmuller as the `` King of the Apes '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238",
"text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6d3f550fa43f2e2c21d34f041b14f1f7",
"text": "The Colossus of New York The Colossus of New York is a 1958 black-and-white science fiction film from Paramount Pictures , produced by William Alland , directed by Eugène Lourié , that stars Ross Martin , Otto Kruger , John Baragrey , Mala Powers , and Charles Herbert . The screenplay was written by Thelma Schnee , the maiden name of Thelma Moss , who would go on to become a famous parapsychologist . The story for the film is credited to Willis Goldbeck . John P. Fulton handled the special photographic effects . Colossus was released by Paramount to most theaters on a double bill with '' The Space Children . Following an accident , Jeremy Spensser 's brain is transplanted by his scientist father into the huge body of an unattractive , frightening cyborg , in order to save his brilliant son 's mind so that it can continue to serve mankind . Soon , his son 's brain becomes transformed by the experimental procedure , losing key attributes that make him human and define his personality .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6",
"text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "601c999353b05e482bdc578bda7fd3f5",
"text": "38th Saturn Awards The 38th Saturn Awards , honoring the best in science fiction , fantasy and horror film and television in 2011 , were held on July 26 , 2012 in Burbank , California . The awards are presented by the Academy of Science Fiction , Fantasy and Horror Films . The six Best Film Award categories were respectively won by Rise of the Planet of the Apes ( Science Fiction ) , Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 ( Fantasy ) , The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( Horror or Thriller ) , Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol ( Action or Adventure ) , The Skin I Live In ( International ) and Puss in Boots ( Animated ) . Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Super 8 led the winners with three each . In the television categories , Breaking Bad won three of its six nominations , including Best Syndicated/Cable Television Series . Fringe , The Walking Dead and Teen Wolf won the other Best Series Awards . Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows -- Part 2 became the first Harry Potter film to win Best Fantasy Film , for which the seven previous Harry Potter films were nominated , and only the second film of the series to win a Saturn Award , following The Philosopher 's Stone which won Best Costume in 2001 . Mission : Impossible -- Ghost Protocol also became the first Mission : Impossible film to win Best Action or Adventure Film , following the nominations of the first and third installments .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d",
"text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2de615d218764aca1039ae71fbcd70db",
"text": "20th Satellite Awards The 20th Satellite Awards is an award ceremony honoring the year 's outstanding performers , films , and television shows , presented by the International Press Academy . It took place on February 21 , 2016 . The nominations were announced on December 1 , 2015 . The film The Martian leads all nominees with nine , including Best Film .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9095bdb6747d16a6e7c073005ddf7b18",
"text": "Primate A primate ( -LSB- ˈpraɪmeɪt -RSB- ) is a mammal of the order Primates ( Latin : `` prime , first rank '' ) . In taxonomy , primates include two distinct lineages , strepsirrhines and haplorhines . Primates arose from ancestors that lived in the trees of tropical forests ; many primate characteristics represent adaptations to life in this challenging three-dimensional environment . Most primate species remain at least partly arboreal . With the exception of humans , who inhabit every continent , most primates live in tropical or subtropical regions of the Americas , Africa and Asia . They range in size from Madame Berthe 's mouse lemur , which weighs only 30 g , to the eastern gorilla , weighing over 200 kg ; that is , without taking into account the weight of particular human individuals , reaching up to 635 kg . Based on fossil evidence , the earliest known true primates , represented by the genus Teilhardina , date to 55.8 million years old . An early close primate relative known from abundant remains is the Late Paleocene Plesiadapis , c. 55 -- 58 million years old . Molecular clock studies suggest that the primate branch may be even older , originating near the Cretaceous -- Paleogene boundary or around 63 -- 74 mya . The order Primates was traditionally divided into two main groupings : prosimians and anthropoids ( simians ) . Prosimians have characteristics more like those of the earliest primates , and include the lemurs of Madagascar , lorisoids , and tarsiers . Simians include monkeys , apes and hominins . More recently , taxonomists have preferred to split primates into the suborder Strepsirrhini , or wet-nosed primates , consisting of non-tarsier prosimians , and the suborder Haplorhini , or dry-nosed primates , consisting of tarsiers and the simians . Simians are divided into two groups : catarrhine ( narrow-nosed ) monkeys and apes of Africa and Southeast Asia and platyrrhine ( `` flat-nosed '' ) or New World monkeys of South and Middle America . Catarrhines consist of Old World monkeys ( such as baboons and macaques ) , gibbons and great apes ; New World monkeys include the capuchin , howler and squirrel monkeys . Humans are the only extant catarrhines to have spread successfully outside of Africa , South Asia , and East Asia , although fossil evidence shows many other species were formerly present in Europe . New primate species are still being discovered . More than 25 species were taxonomically described in the decade of the 2000s and eleven have been described since 2010 . Considered generalist mammals , primates exhibit a wide range of characteristics . Some primates ( including some great apes and baboons ) are primarily terrestrial rather than arboreal , but all species possess adaptations for climbing trees . Locomotion techniques used include leaping from tree to tree , walking on two or four limbs , knuckle-walking , and swinging between branches of trees ( brachiation ) . Primates are characterized by large brains relative to other mammals , as well as an increased reliance on stereoscopic vision at the expense of smell , the dominant sensory system in most mammals . These features are more developed in monkeys and apes and noticeably less so in lorises and lemurs . Three-color vision has developed in some primates . Most also have opposable thumbs and some have prehensile tails . Many species are sexually dimorphic ; differences include body mass , canine tooth size , and coloration . Primates have slower rates of development than other similarly sized mammals and reach maturity later , but have longer lifespans . Depending on the species , adults may live in solitude , in mated pairs , or in groups of up to hundreds of members .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "abd8f458890585a7fef5d3626a31f37d",
"text": "The Ape (1940 film) The Ape is a 1940 American horror film made for Monogram Pictures , co-written by Curt Siodmak and starring Boris Karloff . It was the last film in Karloff 's nine-picture contract with Monogram .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "db78e203bc4ec780312679f68b51ceb0",
"text": "Motion Picture Association of America film rating system The Motion Picture Association of America ( MPAA ) film rating system is used in the United States and its territories to rate a film 's suitability for certain audiences based on its content . The MPAA rating system is a voluntary scheme that is not enforced by law ; films can be exhibited without a rating , although many theaters refuse to exhibit non-rated or NC-17 rated films . Non-members of MPAA may also submit films for rating . Other media , such as television programs and video games , is rated by other entities such as the ESRB and the TV Parental Guidelines . The MPAA rating system is one of various motion picture rating systems that are used to help parents decide what films are appropriate for their children . It is administered by the Classification & Ratings Administration ( CARA ) , an independent division of the MPAA .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d7d1ac0bc7856e910ea3199dd66fdb45",
"text": "The Living Planet The Living Planet : A Portrait of the Earth is a BBC nature documentary series written and presented by David Attenborough , first transmitted in the UK from 19 January 1984 . The sequel to his pioneering Life on Earth , it is a study of the ways in which living organisms , including humans , adapt to their surroundings . Each of the twelve 55-minute episodes ( one fewer than his previous series ) featured a different environment . The executive producer was Richard Brock and the music was composed by Elizabeth Parker of the BBC Radiophonic Workshop . Part of David Attenborough 's ` Life ' series , it was followed by The Trials of Life ( 1990 ) . However , before the latter , Attenborough wrote and presented two shorter series : The First Eden ( 1987 ) , about man 's relationship with the natural habitats of the Mediterranean , and Lost Worlds , Vanished Lives ( 1989 ) , concerning the discovery of fossils .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6a23820162853d49fc9d52fd9822ca8c",
"text": "Cinema of Africa African cinema is film production in Africa . It dates back to the early 20th century , when film reels were the primary cinematic technology in use . The Nigerian film industry is the largest in Africa in terms of value , number of annual films , revenue and popularity . It is also the second and third largest national film industry in the world , based on the number of annual films and revenue respectively .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ce37dbcc323b056860ac87e7f3c05e02",
"text": "Orion Pictures Orion Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture producer and distributor that produced and released films from 1978 until 1999 , and was also involved in television production and syndication throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s . It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists . Although it was never a large motion picture producer , Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood quality . Woody Allen , James Cameron , Jonathan Demme , Oliver Stone , and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992 . Of the films distributed by Orion , four won Academy Awards for Best Picture : Amadeus ( 1984 ) , Platoon ( 1986 ) , Dances with Wolves ( 1990 ) , and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . Two other Orion films , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) and Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) , were nominated for that same category . In 2013 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television ; a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c",
"text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a9d29b037c53329c455172ac8016b34f",
"text": "Alien language in science fiction A formal description of an alien language in science fiction may have been pioneered by Percy Greg 's Martian language ( he called it `` Martial '' ) in his 1880 novel Across the Zodiac , although already the 17th century book The Man in the Moone describes the language of the Lunars , consisting `` not so much of words and letters as tunes and strange sounds '' , which is in turn predated by other invented languages in fictional societies , e.g. , in Thomas More 's Utopia . As the science fiction genre developed , so did the use of the literary trope of alien languages . Some science-fiction works operate on the premise that alien languages can be easily learned if one has a competent understanding of the nature of languages in general . For example , the protagonist of C. S. Lewis 's novel Out of the Silent Planet is able to use his training in historical linguistics to decipher the language spoken on Mars . Others work on the premise that languages with similarities can be partially understood by different species . Stanislaw Lem 's novel His Master 's Voice describes an effort by scientists to decode , translate and understand an extraterrestrial transmission . The novel critically approaches humanity 's intelligence and intentions in deciphering and truly comprehending a message from outer space . The 2014 novel Lamikorda by D. R. Merrill not only deals with differences in verbal communication , but gestures and other `` body language '' , pointing out the inextricability of language with cultural and social norms . In some cases , authors avoid linguistic questions by introducing devices into their stories that seamlessly translate between languages , to the point that the concept of different languages can largely be excluded from a franchise . Notable examples include : Douglas Adams 's babel fish The TARDIS from Doctor Who The translator microbes in Farscape The universal translator from Star Trek In other cases , the question of language is dealt with through the introduction of a universal language via which most , if not all , of the franchise 's species are able to communicate . In the Star Wars universe , for example , this language is known as Basic and is spoken by the majority of the characters , with a few notable exceptions . Other alien species take advantage of their unique physiology for communication purposes , an example being the Ithorians , who use their twin mouths , located on either side of their neck , to speak in stereo . In some franchises this universal language is an intermediary language ; one that different species can easily translate to and from their own languages , thus allowing simple communication between races . Examples of this approach include Interlac from the Legion of Super-Heroes , Babylon 5 , and the Uplift Universe , where numerous sapient species use at least twelve `` Galactic '' languages ( each version is used in communication between species that can articulate it , and that find it useful in expressing their concepts ) . Not all of these universal/intermediate languages take the form of spoken/written languages as is recognized in the human world . In the film and book Close Encounters of the Third Kind scientists use Solresol , a language based on musical tones , while in the film and book Contact , aliens send the instructions to build a machine to reach them using mathematics , which the main character calls `` the only universal language '' . Similarly , in Stargate SG-1 , the protagonists encounter a galactic meeting place where different races communicate with one another using a language based on atomic structures which is `` written '' in three dimensions rather than two . A number of long-running franchises have taken the concept of an alien language beyond that of a scripting device and have developed languages of their own . Examples include the Klingon language of the Star Trek universe ( a fully developed constructed language created by Marc Okrand ) The Zentradi language from the Macross Japanese science-fiction anime series The DC Comics , Kryptonese ( for which there exists an alphabet and language glossary ) For his 2009 science fiction film Avatar , creator and director James Cameron constructed the fictional Na ` vi language ( with the aid of college professor Paul Frommer ) for his fictional alien Na ` vi race in the film The existence of alien languages and the ease or difficulty of translation is used as a plot device or script element in a number of franchises , sometimes seriously , and sometimes for comedic value . In Star Trek VI : The Undiscovered Country , the crew is forced to speak ( broken ) Klingon without the universal translator . In the film Mars Attacks ! , the language spoken by the Martians appears to consist only of the words `` ack ! '' and `` rack ! '' spoken at different pitches and volume . The film 's universal translator consistently translates these as being offers of friendship despite the fact that the aliens ' actions are anything but friendly . In one episode of Babylon 5 , Commander Susan Ivanova gives orders to a Minbari crew in their language , and exclaims `` Ah Hell ! '' in frustration , inadvertently giving the command `` continuous fire '' in Minbari . This is identical phonetically to `` ahel '' the Minbari translation of `` continuous fire '' . In Dragon Ball Z , Bulma speaks in her usual language ( Japanese ) and thereby involuntarily activates some functions of an alien starship , as her words are identified by the ship 's computer as Namekkian orders . C. J. Cherryh 's Chanur series of books relies heavily on linguistic and psychological problems of communication between various alien races . Some examples include usage of obscure languages and cultural references to conceal information from others , imperfections of computer translation , use of pidgin and linguistic barriers , psychological concepts which do not have matches in other races ' languages , and a race so alien that it can not be understood at all without a translation by another race which itself can barely be understood due to manifold meanings in each message . In the Foreigner universe , Cherryh explores the interface between humans and Atevi , whose language relies on numerical values , causing the main character , Bren Cameron , to constantly calculate as he speaks the Atevi language , Ragi . Conversely , in The Simpsons , the fact that English is mutually understood by the show 's human and alien characters is noted as being `` an astonishing coincidence '' . Some stories , however , have alien beings speak near-unpronounceable tongues . Clark Ashton Smith , in one tale , has the sorcerer Eibon struggle to articulate the name of an alien , Hziulquoigmnzhah . Other works present detailed , concrete examples of the difficulty of learning alien languages due to linguistic relativity . In Mary Doria Russell 's philosophical/sci-fi novel The Sparrow , a linguist who travels to an alien planet as part of a Jesuit mission discovers a language with unique and ( at first ) incomprehensible tenses and conjugations . In Carl Sagan 's novel Contact ( and the subsequent film adaptation ) , a broadcast from an extraterrestrial source is discovered to contain multiple layers of encrypted messages . Ted Chiang 's short story `` Story of Your Life '' describes attempts to communicate with a technologically advanced alien species that has no apparent understanding of basic mathematics and physics . Other science fiction stories imagine communication through telepathy . There is for example the Vulcan mind meld in Star Trek . In the novel Ender 's Game , the `` Buggers '' are an alien species in which their queen can telepathically communicate with every member of her species , but no humans except Ender . The inability of the two species to effectively communicate serves as a critical element of the novel 's plot . Sheila Finch published a collection of short stories about first contact and alien communication , The Guild of Xenolinguists , ( Golden Gryphon Press ) , in 2007 . In 2008 , the game Dead Space introduced a form of alien language known as Unitology , for the religion that mainly uses it . Unitology is only shown to be written with no example or indication of a verbal dialect . In Futurama , a language exists called Alienese , which originates from an unspecified extraterrestrial source . At least one character has achieved an academic degree in xenolinguistics , which gives her the apparently rare skill of knowing how to translate between English and Alienese . In science-fiction movie Arrival scientists trying to understand aliens ' language and symbols Various works from the Cthulhu mythos of H.P. Lovecraft present short sentences , excerpts and text fragments in the language of the Old Gods , referred to as `` R'lyehian '' or `` Cthuvian '' by the fan base . Lovecraft provided translations for some of the texts and denoted Cthuvian as a thick , guttural language , but he never published any details on pronunciation and grammar , so it is not possible to communicate in Cthuvian . Based on the limited text resources , only few grammatical rules and vocabulary could be worked out by fans , which are mostly guesswork . There is no evidence that Lovecraft even had a concept for the structure of the language when writing it .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4c49ef207a49b304b055726ca09fc70b",
"text": "The New Adventures of Tarzan The New Adventures of Tarzan is a 1935 American film serial in 12 chapters starring Herman Brix . The serial is a more authentic version of the character than most other adaptations , with Tarzan as a cultured and well educated gentleman as in the original Edgar Rice Burroughs novels . It was filmed during the same period as the Johnny Weissmuller/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Tarzan films . Film exhibitors had the choice of selecting the serial or the episodes edited into two separate films , The New Adventures of Tarzan and Tarzan and the Green Goddess . The serial was filmed in Guatemala , and Tarzan was played by Herman Brix ( known post-war as Bruce Bennett ) . The final screenplay was credited to Charles F. Royal , and from Episode 6 onward , also Basil Dickey . It was produced by Ashton Dearholt , Bennett Cohen and George W. Stout under the corporate name of `` Burroughs-Tarzan Enterprises , Inc. '' ( which also distributed ) and was directed by Edward Kull and Wilbur F. McGaugh .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9254abdeb16b1ca58273dade70a05efd",
"text": "Koba Koba may refer to : Koba ( sweet ) , a confectionery sweet Koba , a character from the 1883 novel The Patricide by Alexander Kazbegi Koba , a nickname used by Joseph Stalin Koba the Dread , a 2002 non-fiction book by Martin Amis Koba ( play ) , a play by Raymond Williams , based on Stalin 's life Kutama Old Boys Association , Zimbabwe Koba , Indonesia , a town in Bangka-Belitung , Indonesia Koba , Faranah , Guinea Koba , Kindia , Guinea Fitzroy Island ( Queensland ) , originally Koba , an island off the coast of Far North Queensland , Australia Koba , a character from the 2011 film Warrior Koba , a bonobo from the films Rise of the Planet of the Apes and Dawn of the Planet of the Apes",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a0572fcfe575b41d8bb6578135c3ed2d",
"text": "Earth in Planet 51 In the 2010 Spanish-British-American movie Planet 51 , an American astronaut lands on an Earth-like planet , but the planet is populated by green human-like extrateterrestrials , who live in an era similar to the American 1950s and are very afraid of terrestrial-like `` aliens '' from their popular culture . This is a list of Earth-related things in the movie .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b38e377b202bb0f9f207fc1ba8e8c3de",
"text": "Dawn of Humanity Dawn of Humanity is a 2015 American documentary film that was released online on September 10 , 2015 , and aired nationwide in the United States on September 16 , 2015 . The PBS NOVA National Geographic film , in one episode of two hours , was directed and produced by Graham Townsley . The film describes the 2013 discovery , and later excavation , of the fossil remains of Homo naledi , an extinct species of hominin assigned to the genus Homo , found within the Dinaledi Chamber of the Rising Star Cave system , located in the Cradle of Humankind , South Africa . Additionally , the National Geographic Society has multiple videos on its website covering different phases of the discovery and excavation of the fossils during a two-year period . , fossils of at least fifteen individuals , amounting to 1550 specimens , have been excavated from the cave .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9d8c52f8dd437b22fdd28af3baa30ac8",
"text": "Tam-Lin (film) Tam-Lin , also known as The Ballad of Tam-Lin , The Devil 's Widow and The Devil 's Woman , is a 1970 British film made by Commonwealth United Entertainment , Winkast Film Productions Ltd. and distributed by American International Pictures ( AIP ) . It was directed by Roddy McDowall and produced by Alan Ladd , Jr. and Stanley Mann , from a screenplay by William Spier based on the traditional Scottish poem The Ballad of Tam Lin . The film had original music by Stanley Myers and a musical version of the original poem recorded by the British folk rock band Pentangle , and was photographed by Billy Williams . It was the only film directed by McDowall . The film stars Ava Gardner and Ian McShane with Richard Wattis , Cyril Cusack , Stephanie Beacham , Sinéad Cusack and Joanna Lumley . A newer release of this film ( 1998 ) ( Republic Pictures Home Video ) re-cut the film to be closer to Roddy McDowall 's intention . McDowall 's direction of this film precluded him from reprising his role as Cornelius in Beneath the Planet of the Apes , the only one of the original five Planet of the Apes films from which he is absent .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
1972557c129e00b456e6e2ca93ccc193 | Sherlock (TV series) was released with tie-in editions of Conan Doyle stories. | [
{
"docid": "e5b7a242e961764602adbb4ccffab85a",
"text": "Sherlock (TV series) Sherlock is a crime drama television series based on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 's Sherlock Holmes detective stories . Created by Steven Moffat and Mark Gatiss , it stars Benedict Cumberbatch as Sherlock Holmes and Martin Freeman as Doctor John Watson . Thirteen episodes have been produced , with three-part series airing from 2010 -- 2017 , and a special episode airing on 1 January 2016 . The series is set in the present day , while the one-off special features a Victorian period fantasy resembling the original Holmes stories . Sherlock is a co-production of the British network BBC and the American station WGBH Boston for its Masterpiece anthology series on PBS , along with Hartswood Films , with Moffat , Gatiss , Sue Vertue and Rebecca Eaton serving as executive producers . The series is primarily filmed in Cardiff , Wales , with North Gower Street in London used for exterior shots of Holmes and Watson 's 221B Baker Street residence . Critical reception has been highly positive , with many reviews praising the quality of the writing , performances , and direction . Sherlock has been nominated for numerous awards including BAFTAs , Emmys , and a Golden Globe , winning several awards across a variety of categories . The show won in three categories at the 66th Primetime Emmy Awards including Outstanding Writing for a Miniseries , Movie or a Dramatic Special for Moffat , Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for Cumberbatch , and Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Movie for Freeman . Two years later , it won Outstanding Television Movie . In addition , the show was also honoured with a Peabody Award in 2011 . The third series has become the UK 's most watched drama series since 2001 while interest in the fourth series appeared to slip by approximately twenty percent . Sherlock has been sold to 180 territories . All of the series have been released on DVD and Blu-ray , alongside tie-in editions of selected original Conan Doyle stories and original soundtrack composed by David Arnold and Michael Price . In January 2014 , the show launched its official mobile app called Sherlock : The Network .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "b8cdeaccd00bb2867e8043061d9f3211",
"text": "Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore . There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald . Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney . From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e9737d63e2e82b00bff3c79b1fcde515",
"text": "The Sittaford Mystery The Sittaford Mystery is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie , first published in the US by Dodd , Mead and Company in 1931 under the title of The Murder at Hazelmoor and in UK by the Collins Crime Club on 7 September of the same year under Christie 's original title . It is the first Christie novel to be given a different title for the US market . The US edition retailed at $ 2.00 and the UK edition at seven shillings and sixpence ( 7/6 ) . Mrs Willett and her daughter host an evening of `` table-turning '' ( a séance ) on a snowy winter 's evening in Dartmoor . The spirit tells them that Captain Trevelyan is dead . The roads being impassible to vehicles , Major Burnaby announces his intention to go to the village on foot to check on his friend , where he appears to find the prediction has come true . Emily Trefusis , engaged to Trevelyan 's nephew , uncovers the mystery along with the police . The novel was well-received , with praise for the character Miss Emily Trefusis . The references to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , alive when the book was published , and the elements of the setting that hearken to The Hound of the Baskervilles ( published in 1902 ) were also noted and appreciated .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "15f023179dd9b8e1e50c8a0590cc0705",
"text": "The Adventure of the Stockbroker's Clerk `` The Adventure of the Stockbroker 's Clerk '' is one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle . It is the fourth of the twelve collected in The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes in most British editions of the canon , and third of eleven in most American ones ( owing to the omission of the `` scandalous '' `` Adventure of the Cardboard Box '' ) . The story was first published in Strand Magazine in March 1893 and featured seven illustrations by Sidney Paget .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "900194fffb77767792d39fdd39c71bf9",
"text": "Alfred Hitchcock Presents Alfred Hitchcock Presents is an American television anthology series hosted and executive produced by Alfred Hitchcock , which aired on CBS and NBC between 1955 and 1965 . It featured dramas , thrillers , and mysteries . By the time it premiered on October 2 , 1955 , Hitchcock had been directing films for over three decades . Time magazine named it one of `` The 100 Best TV Shows of all time '' . The Writers Guild of America ranked it # 79 on their list of the 101 Best-Written TV Series tying it with Monty Python 's Flying Circus , Star Trek : The Next Generation and Upstairs , Downstairs . A series of literary anthologies with the running title Alfred Hitchcock Presents were issued to capitalize on the success of the television series . One volume , devoted to stories that censors would n't allow to be adapted for broadcast , was entitled Alfred Hitchcock Presents : Stories They Would n't Let Me Do on TV '' -- though eventually several of the stories collected were adapted .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ea51e3306ba90255fefecbe2d95992e6",
"text": "Procedural drama A procedural drama is a genre of television programming which focuses on how crimes are solved or some other aspect of a law enforcement agency , legislative body , or court of law . Some dramas include a lab or conference room with high-tech or state-of-the-art equipment where the main characters meet to work out the problem . Shows usually have an episodic format that does not require the viewer to have seen previous episodes . Episodes typically have a self-contained , also referred to as stand-alone , plot that is introduced and resolved within the same episode . The procedural format is popular around the world . In 2011 , the director of a TV consultancy said , `` The continuing trend is for procedurals because they use a predictable structure . '' Due to their stand-alone episodic nature , they are more accessible to new viewers than serials . Self-contained episodes also make it easier for viewers to return to a show if they have missed some episodes . In general , procedural dramas can usually be re-run with little concern for episode order . Procedurals are often criticized for being formulaic . Procedurals are also generally less character-driven than serialized shows . However , some procedurals have more character emphasis than is typical of the format . Some may occasionally feature a storyline stretching over several episodes . A popular variant is the police procedural .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d30c9c81500d14fa8c4a6442f10ee761",
"text": "Sherlock Holmes (1984 TV series) Sherlock Holmes is the name given to the TV series of Sherlock Holmes adaptations produced by British television company Granada Television between 1984 and 1994 , with the first two series bearing the title The Adventures Of Sherlock Holmes on screen and being followed by subsequent sub-series bearing the titles of other short story collections by Arthur Conan Doyle . The series was broadcast on the ITV network in the UK and starred Jeremy Brett as the famous detective . His portrayal remains very popular and is accepted by some as the definitive on-screen version of Sherlock Holmes . In addition , Holmes 's faithful friend and companion Dr. Watson is portrayed as the kind of thoroughly competent sidekick that Holmes would want . Initially , Watson was portrayed by David Burke ( who had earlier played the villain in an adaptation of `` The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet '' for the 1965 BBC series starring Douglas Wilmer and Nigel Stock ) . Burke appeared in the first year of the Adventures series before leaving to join the Royal Shakespeare Company . He was replaced by Edward Hardwicke , who played Watson for the remainder of the run . Of the 60 Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , 42 were adapted in the series spanning 36 one-hour episodes and five feature-length specials . ( The elements of two stories were combined in one episode , accounting for the different numbers . )",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3a85d1a56546c79c900db2fa70e4d54d",
"text": "The Adventure of the Norwood Builder `` The Adventure of the Norwood Builder '' , one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , is the second tale from The Return of Sherlock Holmes . The story was first published in The Strand Magazine in 1903 with original illustrations by Sidney Paget .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "54c242cf2884ce254b3ab7c11526a106",
"text": "Herbert Greenhough Smith Herbert Greenhough Smith ( 1855 -- 14 January 1935 ) was the first editor of The Strand Magazine which published many of Arthur Conan Doyle 's Sherlock Holmes stories . His active support and encouragement to Conan Doyle , and the magazine 's vigorous promotion of the Sherlock Holmes character , had much to do with the character 's success .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5531049afbcda49a812771e4a71d4830",
"text": "Colonel March of Scotland Yard Colonel March of Scotland Yard is a 1950s British television series based on author John Dickson Carr 's ( aka Carter Dickson ) fictional detective Colonel March from his book The Department of Queer Complaints ( 1940 ) . Carr was a mystery author who specialised in locked-room whodunnits and other ` impossible ' crimes : murder mysteries that seemed to defy possibility . The stories of the television series followed in the same vein with Detective March solving cases that baffle Scotland Yard and the British police . The department itself is sometimes referred to as `` D3 '' . Boris Karloff starred as Colonel March . The series was made at Southall Studios in Middlesex , England ( and , later , Nettlefold Studios in Walton-on-Thames , England ) was produced by Fountain Films for ITV . Karloff and his wife Evelyn sailed to England in July , 1952 , where Karloff filmed 3 different pilot episodes to show TV executives . While awaiting a decision to go ahead with more episodes , the three pilots were combined into a 1953 feature film called Colonel March Investigates . In 1953 , Karloff returned to England to film 23 more episodes , making a total of 26 , then returned to Hollywood to film Abbott and Costello Meet Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde ( 1953 ) . The Colonel March series premiered in 1956 with a total of 26 episodes . ( It was broadcast from Feb. 1 , 1956 through April 1 , 1957 , which included a number of rerun episodes . ) It began running in the United States in February , seven months before British viewers got to see it . The show starred Boris Karloff as the urbane , tweed wearing , eye-patched sleuth . No reason was ever given for the loss of his left eye . ( In some close-ups , it is evident that Karloff sometimes wore an eyepatch with a dark gauze area in the centre , presumably to allow him to still see through it . ) Other regular actors included Ewan Roberts as Inspector Ames of Scotland Yard and Eric Pohlmann as Inspector Goron of the Paris Sûreté . ( In the episode The Second Mona Lisa , Pohlmann played a Middle Eastern character called The Emir . ) Roberts ' Scottish accent grows stronger as the series progresses from plummy English in the first dozen episodes to full on Scottish burr for the second dozen . Only twelve episodes of the series still exist as prints in the original 35 mm format , with the rest surviving at 16 mm prints . Although he is referred to on numerous websites including IMDb as Perceval March , the name on his office door clearly states `` D3 Colonel A. L. March '' . In the episode The Silver Curtain , March tells a doctor that his first names are `` Perceval Clovis Adlebare '' although he is stalling to gain information from the doctor . He then says his occupation is the study of unusual crime , which is true , so that could also be admitting his real name . This may explain why in a later episode , Hot Money , the sign on the door was changed to read `` D. 3 . COL. MARCH '' . The opening title sequence showed Colonel March taking off his coat in his office and writing the title of each episode in a book . This then dissolves to an image of an object from within the following story , what Alfred Hitchcock would call a MacGuffin , a fairly unimportant plot device that starts the story rolling and/or keeps it moving along . Often it 's a murder weapon or an item of clothing . Sometimes its relevance is a mystery until it is revealed later in the episode . Other episodes , such as in The Headless Hat , show the item that the episode is named after . The episodes The Talking Head uses the complete version of the original theme tune during the end credits . It was usually truncated and faded up whilst some way through . The show 's slightly mysterious and threatening theme tune was changed for the episodes Error at Daybreak and The Silver Curtain to a piece of jaunty , faster paced music that had originally been used in previous episodes to accompany shots of a busy city . Other guest actors in the series include Christopher Lee , Patrick Barr , Hugh Griffith , Marne Maitland ( twice ) , Joan Sims , Anthony Newley , Patricia Owens , George Coulouris , Anton Diffring , Martin Benson , Zena Marshall , Mary Parker and Robert Brown . The episode Death and the Other Monkey features a small acting part by future film director John Schlesinger as a Dutch ship 's captain . The episode Error at Daybreak features a performance from the then 10 year old actor Richard O'Sullivan who later went on to star in Robin 's Nest and several other ITV series . As of July 2016 all 26 episodes we available for streaming on the UK Amazon Prime platform . As of September 2016 the series was being screened on UK television channels Talking Pictures TV and London Live .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bb78c3b314aa040045fcf4b8599c35fd",
"text": "List of Sherlock Holmes episodes The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes ( 1984 -- 1985 ) , The Return of Sherlock Holmes ( 1986 -- 1988 ) , The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes ( 1991 -- 1993 ) and The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes ( 1994 ) , collectively known as Sherlock Holmes , are a series of adaptations of Arthur Conan Doyle 's Sherlock Holmes stories which were produced by Granada Television and originally broadcast by ITV in the United Kingdom . The series starred Jeremy Brett as Holmes and David Burke ( in the Adventures series ) and Edward Hardwicke ( Return , Case-Book , Memoirs ) as Dr. Watson . The programme adapted 42 of the original stories in 41 episodes , with 36 running for 50 minutes ( in a one-hour timeslot ) , and five being feature-length specials . Adventures ran for two series totalling 13 episodes , from April to June 1984 and August to September 1985 . Return ran for two series from July to August 1986 and April to August 1988 , as well as the specials `` The Sign of Four '' and `` The Hound of the Baskervilles '' , which aired on 29 December 1987 and 31 August 1988 respectively . Case-Book ran for one series from February to March 1991 and three specials which aired on 2 January 1992 and 27 January and 3 February 1993 . Memoirs ran for one series from March to April 1994 . A short episode was also produced as part of `` The Four Oaks Mystery '' which aired during the ITV Telethon in 1992 . Sherlock Holmes appeared in the first part , with the casts of Van der Valk , Taggart and Inspector Wexford appearing in the second , third and fourth parts respectively . The series has been released on DVD in Regions 1 , 2 and 4 , and has been repeated on ITV3 and BBC Two .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "576b23636e20104a70620b8e8a2e73f4",
"text": "Arsène Lupin vs. Herlock Sholmes Arsène Lupin vs. Herlock Sholmes is a collection of two adventures of Arsène Lupin , written by Maurice Leblanc . These adventures feature a match of wits between Lupin and Herlock Sholmes , a transparent reference to Sherlock Holmes , the hero of Conan Doyle 's detective stories . It follows the appearance of Arsène Lupin , Gentleman Burglar , in which Sherlock Holmes also makes an appearance in `` Sherlock Holmes Arrives Too Late '' . The collection was translated twice into English , as Arsène Lupin versus Herlock Sholmes in the U.S. ( 1910 , by George Morehead ) , and as Arsène Lupin versus Holmlock Shears in the UK ( 1910 , by Alexander Teixeira de Mattos , printed as The Blonde Lady in the U.S. ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2299fc8bf63cf3ff777f34743d02f1f9",
"text": "BBC Books BBC Books ( also formerly known as BBC Publishing ) is an imprint majority owned and managed by Penguin Random House through its Ebury Publishing division . The minority shareholder is BBC Worldwide , the commercial subsidiary of the British Broadcasting Corporation . The imprint has been active since the 1980s . BBC Books publishes a range of books connected to BBC radio and television programming , including cookery , natural history , lifestyle , and behind the scenes `` making-of '' books . There are also some non-programme related biographies and autobiographies of various well-known personalities in its list . Amongst BBC Books ' best known titles are cookery books by former TV cook Delia Smith , wildlife titles by Sir David Attenborough and gardening titles by Alan Titchmarsh . In the BBC Publishing days , it turned down The Hitchhiker 's Guide to the Galaxy , a book which has now sold over 14,000,000 copies worldwide .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f3dffe081d1eb3c320712396bb6d31ba",
"text": "Sherlock (video game) Sherlock is a 1984 text adventure developed under the lead of Philip Mitchell by Beam Software . It was published by Melbourne House . Five programmers worked for 18 months on the title and a Sherlock Holmes expert was employed full-time for a year to advise the team on accuracy . Technically , the adventure builds upon the 1982 title The Hobbit . Autonomous NPCs and realtime gameplay , two sophisticated features of The Hobbit , are present in Sherlock - as is Inglish , the parser responsible for analyzing the player 's commands . The game simulated ` real time ' ; trains ran to a time table and key plot events began at exactly specified moments . There was also an attempt to move beyond ` instructional ' communication with characters ( in which non-player characters are told or asked to complete actions the player does not wish to or is unable to complete ) to ` dialogic ' communication in which characters could be questioned , challenged and persuaded with evidence . The latter was an early attempt to simulate changing states of consciousness within an interactive narrative .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "355f0ba2443269ec28a30cdc78b695e2",
"text": "The Adventure of Silver Blaze `` Silver Blaze '' , one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , is one of 12 in the cycle collected as The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes . Doyle ranked `` Silver Blaze '' 13th in a list of his 19 favourite Sherlock Holmes stories . One of the most popular Sherlock Holmes short stories , `` Silver Blaze '' focuses on the disappearance of the eponymous race horse ( a famous winner ) on the eve of an important race and on the apparent murder of its trainer . The tale is distinguished by its atmospheric Dartmoor setting and late-Victorian sporting milieu . It also features some of Conan Doyle 's most effective plotting , hinging on the `` curious incident of the dog in the night-time : '' Gregory ( Scotland Yard detective ) : `` Is there any other point to which you would wish to draw my attention ? '' Holmes : `` To the curious incident of the dog in the night-time . '' Gregory : `` The dog did nothing in the night-time . '' Holmes : `` That was the curious incident . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c243d9605998b4fcdddf6a9d66114539",
"text": "The Adventure of the Black Baronet The Adventure of the Black Baronet is a Sherlock Holmes murder mystery written by Adrian Conan Doyle . The story was published in the 1954 collection , The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes , a joint enterprise of John Dickson Carr and Adrian Conan Doyle .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dbb4a3240145fd2519555d2cd6a40cac",
"text": "List of authors of new Sherlock Holmes stories The following is an alphabetical list and selected bibliography of authors , other than Sherlock Holmes 's creator Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , who have authored Holmes stories :",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "01af2e505008f232f3abfa733919d10e",
"text": "The Adventure of the Illustrious Client `` The Adventure of the Illustrious Client '' ( 1924 ) , one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , is one of 12 stories in the cycle collected as The Case Book of Sherlock Holmes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "06b4265732cdd12a076fb7b73865e784",
"text": "Sherlock Holmes: The Way of All Flesh Sherlock Holmes ~ The Way of All Flesh is a novella written by Daniel Ward . It is a Sherlock Holmes pastiche , first published by Classic Mysteries , a small press dedicated to new mystery writers , in 2004 . It was published again a year later by the Linford Mystery Series , an imprint of Ulverscroft . In September 2010 , the novel was made available to download on Kindle .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "85330806bb25574c3042a48f4c5f3df3",
"text": "Richard Dinnick Richard Dinnick ( born 22 January 1968 ) is a British screenwriter , novelist , and audio playwright . He is the winner of the 2012 BBC Writersroom opportunity to create a new show and to write for TV on the BBC and is now writing on the CBeebies TV shows Tree Fu Tom and Go Jetters - amongst others - as well as Mind Candy 's new Moshi Monsters TV show . He was one of six finalists in a recent BBC Academy opportunity to workshop a script for Waterloo Road . Dinnick is now Head Writer on the new Disney TV show Eena Meena Deeka and in-development action adventure show Captain Extraordinary . He was also a BAFTA Judge for Children 's Drama and produced a session for the 2014 Children 's Media Conference . He is developing several ideas for TV including a fantasy drama , Never After and a primetime crime drama , Murder of Crows , which is the first of its kind . Richard is currently in pre-production on new web series -- Light & Shadows -- with Capital City Entertainment as writer/producer . Dinnick is also developing a workplace drama , No Kidding , and an urban fantasy show , The Last Horseman . Dinnick has written prose , scripts and comics for many media properties including MGM 's Stargate and the BBC 's Doctor Who , as well as adapting the Sherlock Holmes stories of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle -- including The Hound of the Baskervilles -- for CD release . His first novel Alien Adventures was published by BBC Children 's Books in 2010 and he has since gone on to write books and short stories for Penguin UK , Titan Publishing , Black Library , Running Press and Snow Books . He has also written comic strips for IDW and BBC Magazines and his first original graphic novel is in the works . He is also often a guest at writing events ( including the London Screenwriters ' Festival ) and Doctor Who conventions ( such as Gallifrey One ) . His pre-school series Elf Stackers is in the commissioning process with the BBC . Dinnick is a member of the Writers Guild of Great Britain and the Royal Television Society and a Patron of the Children 's Media Foundation . His UK TV agent is Emily Smith at The Agency and his manager in the USA is Joe Riley .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "16d336f7c781b4d7ad73b77a9f08611c",
"text": "The Newly Discovered Casebook of Sherlock Holmes The Newly Discovered Casebook of Sherlock Holmes was a BBC Radio 2 comedy series written by Tony Hare . It starred Roy Hudd , Chris Emmett , Jeffrey Holland , and June Whitfield , and was broadcast between 16 January 1999 , to 20 February 1999 . It has since been re-broadcast on BBC Radio 4 Extra ( formerly called BBC Radio 7 ) . The burlesque series was a comic pastiche of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 's fictional detective Sherlock Holmes . The series was recorded in front of a live audience and each 30 minute episode was broadcast on BBC Radio 2 at 1pm , making some of the rude , and occasionally crude , jokes rather risqué for the time of day . Hudd , Emmett , and Whitfield had all worked together on the very long-running radio series The News Huddlines . Holland is a familiar voice in British comedy series , probably best known for his role as Spike Dixon , the camp comic at Maplin 's holiday camp , Crimpton-on-Sea , in the BBC sitcom Hi-de-Hi ! Hudd later appeared alongside Clive Merrison as Holmes , and Andrew Sachs as Doctor Watson in an original radio play in the series The Further Adventures of Sherlock Holmes in 2002 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
589f75f72173439aa26081afc96e41fd | Tim Rice is known for his additional songs in the 2011 revival of the Wizard of Oz and he is American. | [
{
"docid": "3cff85fc8807213d5122375cc5436abe",
"text": "Tim Rice Sir Timothy Miles Bindon `` Tim '' Rice ( born 10 November 1944 ) is an English author and Academy Award , Golden Globe Award , Tony Award , and Grammy Award-winning lyricist . He is best known for his collaborations with Andrew Lloyd Webber , with whom he wrote Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat , Jesus Christ Superstar , and Evita ; with Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson of ABBA , with whom he wrote Chess ; for additional songs for the 2011 West End revival of The Wizard of Oz ; and for his work for Walt Disney Studios with Alan Menken ( Aladdin , Beauty and the Beast , King David ) , Elton John ( The Lion King , Aida , The Road to El Dorado ) and Ennio Morricone . One of the most celebrated lyricists in British popular culture , Rice was knighted by Elizabeth II for services to music in 1994 . He has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , is an inductee into the Songwriter 's Hall of Fame , is a Disney Legend recipient , and is a fellow of the British Academy of Songwriters , Composers and Authors . The 2016 Sunday Times Rich List values Rice at # 150m ; the 15th richest music millionaire in the UK .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "f8a75d85a4f1a8662762915dc433393a",
"text": "Walt Disney's Carousel of Progress Walt Disney 's Carousel of Progress is an attraction located at the Magic Kingdom park at the Walt Disney World Resort . Created by both Walt Disney and WED Enterprises as the prime feature of the General Electric ( GE ) Pavilion for the 1964 New York World 's Fair , the attraction was moved to Tomorrowland at Disneyland in Anaheim , California as Carousel of Progress , remaining there from 1967 until 1973 . It was replaced in Disneyland by America Sings in 1974 , and reopened in its present home in Walt Disney World Resort 's Magic Kingdom in 1975 . Steeped in both nostalgia and ( In the past ) futurism , the attraction 's premise is an exploration of the joys of living through the advent of electricity and other technological advances during the 20th century via a `` typical '' American family . To keep it up with the times , the attraction has been updated five times ( in 1967 , 1975 , 1981 , 1985 , and 1993 ) and has had two different theme songs , both written by the Sherman Brothers ( Disney 's Academy Award-winning songwriting team ) . Various sources say Walt Disney himself proclaimed that the Carousel of Progress was his favorite attraction and that it should never cease operation . This can be somewhat supported by family and friends , who knew of his constant work on the attraction . Of all the attractions he presented at the 1964 -- 1965 New York World 's Fair , Disney seemed especially devoted to the Carousel of Progress . The Carousel of Progress holds the record as the longest-running stage show , with the most performances , in the history of American theater . It is one of the oldest attractions in the whole Walt Disney World Resort . It is also one of the only attractions at Walt Disney World to have been touched by Walt Disney himself .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aaa7985a86c09b8b1748f79d72ae554f",
"text": "Tim Minchin Timothy David `` Tim '' Minchin ( born 7 October 1975 ) is an Australian comedian , actor , writer , musician and director . He was born in Northampton , England , to Australian parents , but raised in Perth , Western Australia . Minchin is best known for his musical comedy , including six CDs , five DVDs , and live comedy shows that he has performed internationally . He has appeared on television in Australia , Britain , and the United States . After growing up in Perth , he attended the University of Western Australia ( UWA ) and the Western Australian Academy of Performing Arts ( WAAPA ) , before moving to Melbourne in 2002 . His show Darkside launched him into the public eye , achieving critical success at the 2005 Melbourne International Comedy Festival and the 2005 Edinburgh Festival Fringe . In 2013 , Minchin played the role of rock star Atticus Fetch on Showtime 's Californication . Minchin has a background in theatre and has appeared in various stage productions , in addition to some small acting roles on Australian television . A documentary film about Minchin , Rock N Roll Nerd ( directed by Rhian Skirving ) , was released theatrically in 2008 and broadcast by ABC1 in 2009 . He is the composer and lyricist of the Olivier Award-winning , Tony Award-winning and Grammy Award-nominated show Matilda the Musical , based on the Roald Dahl book Matilda . His new musical Groundhog Day , based on the 1993 film , opened in London in 2016 , winning his second Olivier Award , and opened on Broadway in spring 2017 . In 2013 , UWA awarded Minchin the honorary degree of Doctor of Letters for his contribution to the arts , recognising his outstanding achievements and worldwide acclaim as a composer , lyricist , actor , writer , and comedian . In 2015 , he was awarded a second Honorary Doctor of Letters from Mountview Academy of Theatre Arts .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1d233f2adea1b1a5381e2721e8ec727a",
"text": "No Strings No Strings is a musical drama with a book by Samuel A. Taylor and words and music by Richard Rodgers , his only Broadway score for which he wrote both lyrics and music , and the first musical he composed after the death of his long-time collaborator Oscar Hammerstein II . The musical opened on Broadway in 1962 and ran for 580 performances . It received the nomination for Tony Award , Best Musical .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "52ae2b81281b0be0e6e0396b014f71aa",
"text": "Marion Rice Marion Burbank Stevens Rice ( September 9 , 1904 -- April 12 , 1995 ) was an American modern dance choreographer , dance teacher and producer .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7dee6056c2fb444360a8ccf0fba9e145",
"text": "Once Upon a Time (Charles Strouse and Lee Adams song) `` Once Upon a Time '' is a song with music by Charles Strouse and lyrics by Lee Adams from the 1962 musical All American . In the musical , the song was performed by Ray Bolger and Eileen Herlie , and their version appears on the Broadway Cast recording . It has been sung by Eddie Fisher , Bobby Darin , Frank Sinatra , Perry Como , Tony Bennett and Bob Dylan among others .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0d4b359862450a7cf88cacc628c98e95",
"text": "Bookwriter The bookwriter is the member of a musical 's writing team who creates the book -- the musical 's plot , character development , and dramatic structure . Essentially , the bookwriter is the playwright of the musical . He or she works very closely in collaboration with the lyricist and composer to create an integrated piece of drama . There is a common misconception that the bookwriter merely writes the dialogue ; though the book does include the musical 's spoken text , it is much more than that , defining and organizing the dramatic action of the entire piece , including action that is musicalized by the songwriter ( s ) . Even `` sung-through , '' `` operatic , '' or `` through-composed '' musicals , where there is little , if any , spoken text , require as much contribution from a bookwriter as do musicals with extensive dialogue scenes . The bookwriter is often also the musical 's lyricist , composer , or director . Category : Occupations in music",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "753a0002282a8dc95c27e76e5e11b2a8",
"text": "Reprise Musical Repertory Theatre Reprise Musical Repertory Theatre is a series of four 12 '' long playing vinyl albums recorded in Los Angeles in 1963 . The four albums were sold through mail order as a box set in 1963 , then released separately to retail in 1964 . They were conceived and produced by Frank Sinatra . Morris Stoloff was the musical director and the A&R Director was Sonny Burke . The four discs feature the scores of four popular Broadway musicals of the time , namely Finian 's Rainbow ( 1947 ) , Kiss Me , Kate ( 1948 ) , South Pacific ( 1949 ) and Guys and Dolls ( 1950 ) . The `` Guys and Dolls '' album was issued on CD in 1992 when the musical itself was enjoying a revival . All the albums were re-released in a box set on September 26 , 2000 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b5577b873f83605f4d9bc938b8285d8a",
"text": "Grant A. Rice Grant A. Rice is an American theatrical producer , manager , and consultant .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "86261b8a65cc50f2f8f37aae340f3605",
"text": "The Twelfth Man The Twelfth Man ( also known as The 12th Man ) is the name for a series of comedy productions by Australian satirist Billy Birmingham . Birmingham , a skilled impersonator , is generally known for parodying Australian sports commentators ' voices . As befits the name ( a reference to the non-playing reserve in an eleven-player cricket side ) , Birmingham particularly focuses on cricket commentators such as Richie Benaud , Bill Lawry and Tony Greig . This is also because many of Australia 's cricket commentators have distinctive and easily identifiable voices and accents . The parodies , released periodically on CD , are designed as a comical look `` behind the scenes '' of the Nine Network 's cricket commentary . Birmingham traditionally plays all the roles ( with the exception of Ken Sutcliffe , who played himself ; and some minor female characters , such as Richie Benaud 's secretary ) . Benaud himself sent a critique of each CD to Birmingham and was known to have a mixed opinion of the recordings , due predominantly to Birmingham 's use of profanity . All albums were produced and engineered by David Frogatt . The 12th Man 's most popular song is `` Marvellous ! '' featuring all the main three commentators . It was first recorded as a single in 1991 , with backing vocals by Jimmy Barnes , John Farnham , Diesel and Glenn Shorrock among others . An updated version , with some of the commentators changed , was featured on Still the 12th Man . He has since released an updated version of the song entitled `` Marvellous 2006 '' on his latest album Boned ! . It can be heard at the 12th Man 's MySpace . In an article in the Sydney Morning Herald on 22 November 2009 , Birmingham announced that Boned ! would be his last studio album as The Twelfth Man .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c4fd2835298e39d9e66d92d5a7f1082b",
"text": "Barry Manilow Live Barry Manilow Live is the fifth album by the singer-songwriter Barry Manilow . The album was released in 1977 , and it scored quadruple platinum . Manilow also was among 1977 Special Tony Award winners Lily Tomlin , Diana Ross , National Theatre For the Deaf and Equity Library Theatre honored with the award that year . He received it for Barry Manilow on Broadway , his 12-day stay at the Uris Theatre from December 21 , 1976 to January 2 , 1977 , where this live album was recorded . The album is known for giving the first commercial release to Manilow 's VSM ( `` Very Strange Medley '' ) . Before the performance Manilow refers to this as a medley of songs that he included in his act against the values of his `` artsy fartsy friends '' . It is a medley of commercial jingles Manilow was involved with , either as a writer or performer , before he became a chart star . The products/companies these promoted include Kentucky Fried Chicken , State Farm , Stridex , Band-Aid , Bowlene , Dr. Pepper , Pepsi and McDonald 's . When first released on compact disc , dialogue and all movements to `` Beautiful Music '' were omitted for it all to fit on one disc , however the 2006 compact disc re-release restores all dialogue and songs , in addition to reordering the track listing to accommodate for the added bonus tracks .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8f867517a44e4eedc6669b1c9ca72708",
"text": "Edward Le Roy Rice Edward LeRoy Rice ( August 24 , 1871 - December 1 , 1938 ) was an American producer of minstrel shows . He was the leading authority on the history of minstrel shows . He also bought and sold theatrical memorabilia .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a884aa698add7329b2236b9c82349aea",
"text": "The Muppets (soundtrack) The Muppets : An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack is a soundtrack album released by Walt Disney Records on November 22 , 2011 for the musical comedy film The Muppets . The soundtrack features five original songs , four re-recordings and remasterings of popular Muppet songs ( `` The Muppet Show Theme '' , `` Rainbow Connection '' , and `` Mah Nà Mah Nà '' ) , two cover versions of existing songs ( Cee Lo Green 's `` Forget You '' and Nirvana 's `` Smells Like Teen Spirit '' ) , two standalone songs ( Paul Simon 's `` Me and Julio Down by the Schoolyard '' and Starship 's `` We Built This City '' ) , and fifteen dialogue tracks . It also features the song `` Man or Muppet '' , which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song . The soundtrack was also nominated for Best Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media at the 55th Grammy Awards . Songs not included in the album , but featured in the film include Gary Numan 's `` Cars '' , AC/DC 's `` Back in Black '' , George Thorogood 's `` Bad to the Bone '' , Jeff Moss ' `` Together Again '' ( from The Muppets Take Manhattan ) and Bill Medley & Jennifer Warnes ' '' ( I 've Had ) The Time of My Life '' . A Spanish version of the soundtrack was released as Los Muppets : Banda Sonora Original de Walt Disney Records on December 6 , 2011 . The Spanish version received a nomination for Best Latin Children 's Album at the 13th Latin Grammy Awards .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4d67f7fda5c4080c1e23a4835616f772",
"text": "Cold on the Shoulder (Tony Rice album) Cold on the Shoulder is an album by American guitarist Tony Rice , released in 1983 . Originally intended as a follow-up of the critically acclaimed 1979 album Manzanita , which does n't include 5-string banjo , Rice decided to add it to this album for some of the tracks .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c23f6b502181ab734bdc6a3491ed6b96",
"text": "Timi Yuro Rosemary Timothy Yuro ( August 4 , 1940 -- March 30 , 2004 ) , professionally known as Timi Yuro , was an American singer and songwriter . Sometimes called `` the little girl with the big voice , '' she is considered to be one of the first blue-eyed soul stylists of the rock era . According to one critic , `` her deep , strident , almost masculine voice , staggered delivery and the occasional sob created a compelling musical presence . '' Yuro possessed a contralto vocal range .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9d00cacc7cc72725a18e0908c1cc7803",
"text": "Dorothy (opera) Dorothy is a comic opera in three acts with music by Alfred Cellier and a libretto by B. C. Stephenson . The story involves a rake who falls in love with his disguised fiancée . It was first produced at the Gaiety Theatre in London on in 1886 . After a rocky start , it was revised and transferred to the Prince of Wales Theatre later that year and then transferred to the Lyric Theatre in 1888 , where it played until 1889 . The piece had an initial run of 931 performances , breaking the record for the longest-running musical theatre production in history and holding this record until the run of the musical play A Chinese Honeymoon in the early 1900s . Dorothy also toured in Britain , America and Australia and enjoyed numerous revivals until at least 1908 . The piece was popular with amateur theatre groups , particularly in Britain , until World War II . The show 's hit songs included the ballad `` Queen of My Heart '' , `` Be Wise In Time '' , `` Hark For ` ard ! '' , `` With A Welcome To All '' , and `` The Time Has Come . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "451d6b5b175400a0ae79c207133599de",
"text": "William F. Brown (writer) William Ferdinand Brown ( born April 16 , 1928 in Jersey City , New Jersey ) is an American playwright best known for writing the book of the musical , The Wiz ( 1974 ) , an adaptation of L. Frank Baum 's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz with music and lyrics by Charlie Smalls , for which he received a nomination for the Tony Award for Best Book of a Musical . His other works include The Girl in the Freudian Slip ( 1967 ) based on his 1959 novel , which played on Broadway for three days in May after a tour ; How to Steal an Election ( 1968 ) , A Single Thing in Common ( 1978 ) , and A Broadway Musical with Lee Adams and Charles Strouse , which had only one non-preview performance on December 21 , 1978 . Other plays include Damon 's Song , Twist , The Nutley Papers , and numerous revues . His work for television includes episodes of That Was The Week That Was , Love American Style , As the World Turns , and Jackie Gleason 's American Scene Magazine . He is also a cartoonist who wrote and drew the syndicated comic strip , Boomer . Although The Wiz and A Broadway Musical are written for black casts using black street slang , Brown himself is white . He is married to writer Tina Tippit and has two children .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "29f54aaac37c067661fb826c81fa19e8",
"text": "Of Thee I Sing (song) `` Of Thee I Sing '' is a 1931 song composed by George Gershwin , with lyrics by Ira Gershwin . It was introduced by William Gaxton and Lois Moran in the 1931 musical Of Thee I Sing .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1d0afbf48cf9cfc9aff7e2d81de89ba0",
"text": "Steve Azar Stephen Thomas `` Steve '' Azar ( born April 11 , 1964 , Greenville , Mississippi , United States ) is an American country music artist of Syrian and Lebanese descent . Azar is a modern-day Renaissance man , hit songwriter , recording artist , music producer , golfer and philanthropist . He likes to call his own breed of music `` Delta Soul , '' a mixture of country , rock and blues . Azar 's hit single `` I Do n't Have To Be Me , Til Monday '' received three Million-Air awards from BMI and is one of the top five most played songs of the past decade on country radio . Azar has been honored with `` Steve Azar day '' in the states of Mississippi ( on March 13th ) and South Dakota ( on August 10th ) . He is the co-founder of Ride Records and co-founder of the Mighty Mississippi Music Festival , dubbed `` A Southern Gem '' by the American Blues Scene magazine and included in Acoustic Guitar magazine 's 2014 Roadside Americana : 50 States 50 Must-Attend Events . The Mighty Mississippi Music Festival has also been featured in the third edition of 1,000 Places in the United States and Canada to See Before You Die . Azar has also been recognized by the Mississippi Senate , and on Jan. 25 , 2017 , Mississippi Gov. Phil Bryant appointed Azar as the Music and Culture Ambassador of Mississippi . Bryant is celebrating Mississippi as the birthplace of American Music in 2017 , and he was inspired by Azar 's latest album , Down at the Liquor Store , which was recorded with The Kings Men , musicians who played with B.B. King , as well as by the financial impact Azar has made on the State through various events . `` I am delighted my longtime friend Steve Azar has agreed to serve as Music and Culture Ambassador for his home state of Mississippi , '' Bryant said . `` Steve has spent his entire career promoting Mississippi , and I know he 'll continue that good work in his new role . '' Azar will be working closely with the State of Mississippi in his official role , and he is writing a song for the state 's bicentennial , which is being celebrated in 2017 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1c923a1c085022ca2c161741004c62ca",
"text": "Tim Hardin James Timothy `` Tim '' Hardin ( December 23 , 1941 -- December 29 , 1980 ) was an American folk musician and composer . He wrote the Top 40 hit `` If I Were a Carpenter '' , covered by , among others , Bobby Darin , Joan Baez , Johnny Cash , The Four Tops , Robert Plant , and Johnny Rivers ; his song `` Reason to Believe '' has also been covered by many artists , notably Rod Stewart ( who had a chart hit with the song ) , Neil Young , and The Carpenters . Hardin is also known for his own recording career .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5ffe3c534fb7f9517380e1a435adaf71",
"text": "Tony Rice Plays and Sings Bluegrass Tony Rice Plays and Sings Bluegrass is an album by American guitarist Tony Rice , released in 1993 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
1318f3a9f69d4312687f73a6a20e1d0b | Rob Lowe has an acting career. | [
{
"docid": "8c19a1b45659a9ceafa262a709b49453",
"text": "Rob Lowe Robert Hepler Lowe ( -LSB- ˈloʊ -RSB- born March 17 , 1964 ) is an American actor . He came to prominence in the 1980s , playing teen and young adult roles in films such as The Outsiders ( 1983 ) , Oxford Blues ( 1984 ) , St. Elmo 's Fire ( 1985 ) , and About Last Night ... ( 1986 ) . However , he continued acting in less prominent film roles , and went on to high-profile roles in television series such as The West Wing ( 1999 -- 2003 ) , Brothers & Sisters ( 2006 -- 2010 ) , and Parks and Recreation ( 2010 -- 2014 ) . In addition to receiving an Emmy Award nomination in 2001 for his work on The West Wing , Lowe has been nominated for six Golden Globe Awards ; his nominations span four of the seven categories for male actors .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "9a64e74127f1eab4383b5c5dd705164e",
"text": "Rob Minkoff Robert R. `` Rob '' Minkoff ( born August 11 , 1962 ) is an American filmmaker . He is known for directing the double Academy Award -- winning animated feature The Lion King ( along with Roger Allers ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "97e69b12cafe8bac808c75e5d636fa5b",
"text": "Golden Raspberry Awards The Golden Raspberry Awards ( often shortened to Razzies and Razzie Awards ) is an award in recognition of the worst in film . Co-founded by UCLA film graduates and film-industry veterans , John J. B. Wilson and Mo Murphy , the annual Razzie Awards ceremony in Los Angeles precedes the corresponding Academy Awards ceremony by one day . The term raspberry in the name is used in its irreverent sense , as in `` blowing a raspberry '' . The awards themselves are in the form of a `` golf ball-sized raspberry '' which sits atop a Super 8 mm film reel , the whole of which is spray painted gold . The first Golden Raspberry Awards ceremony was held on March 31 , 1981 , at John J. B. Wilson 's living-room alcove in Los Angeles , to honor the worst in film of the 1980 film season . The 37th ceremony was held on February 25 , 2017 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4c0191e82d0a75b7cd93652de14f2102",
"text": "R. Lee Ermey Ronald Lee Ermey ( born March 24 , 1944 ) , known professionally as R. Lee Ermey , is an American actor , best known for his role as Gunnery Sergeant Hartman in Full Metal Jacket , which earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor . He is a former United States Marine Corps staff sergeant and an honorary gunnery sergeant ; during his tenure in the U.S. Marine Corps , he served as a drill instructor . Ermey has often been typecast in authority figure roles , such as Mayor Tilman in the film Mississippi Burning , Bill Bowerman in Prefontaine , Sheriff Hoyt in The Texas Chainsaw Massacre remake , Gunnery Sergeant Hartman in Stanley Kubrick 's Full Metal Jacket , Jimmy Lee Farnsworth in Fletch Lives , a police captain in Se7en , plastic army men leader Sarge in the Toy Story films , Lt. `` Tice '' Ryan in Rocket Power , the warden in SpongeBob SquarePants , and John House , Gregory House 's father in House . Ermey has hosted two programs on the History Channel : Mail Call , in which he answered viewers ' questions about various military issues both modern and historic ; and Lock N ' Load with R. Lee Ermey , which concerned the development of different types of weapons . He also hosted Gunny Time on the Outdoor channel .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7fb542611b85b0eba508e7b356d4d7a4",
"text": "Robert Markowitz Robert Markowitz ( born February 7 , 1935 in Irvington , New Jersey ) is an American film director and television director . He has directed a number of television films that include ( 1983 ) , Too Young to Die ? ( 1990 ) , Decoration Day ( 1990 ) , Because Mommy Works ( 1994 ) , The Tuskegee Airmen ( 1995 ) , The Great Gatsby ( 2000 ) , The Pilot 's Wife ( 2003 ) , Word of Honor ( 2003 ) , Avenger ( 2006 ) and other films . He also directed episodes of Delvecchio , Serpico , and the anthology series Amazing Stories . His last directing credit was the TNT television film Avenger ( 2006 ) starring Sam Elliott and Timothy Hutton .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8c31320ace36f3e714e0a3bc6b2f79e2",
"text": "Matilda (1978 film) Matilda is a 1978 American comedy film directed by Daniel Mann and starring Elliott Gould , Robert Mitchum and Lionel Stander .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "285dbf39dd5c4bd071268f6cc787089f",
"text": "Lionsgate Home Entertainment Lionsgate Home Entertainment ( formerly Lions Gate Films Home Entertainment and Lions Gate Home Entertainment ) is the home video distribution arm of Lionsgate .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3a0f785dc9d060e4c07901ead9ff42ae",
"text": "Lee Wallace (actor) Lee Wallace ( born July 15 , 1930 ) is an American actor of film , stage , and television .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77",
"text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "74e47255cdc858f93b6c54c9bfcbe9cb",
"text": "LBJ (film) LBJ is a 2017 American political drama film directed by Rob Reiner and written by Joey Hartstone . The film stars Woody Harrelson , Richard Jenkins , Bill Pullman , Kim Allen , Michael Stahl-David , Jennifer Jason Leigh , Jeffrey Donovan , Doug McKeon , and Michael Mosley . Filming began on September 21 , 2015 in New Orleans . It was screened at the 2016 Toronto International Film Festival . On October 12 , 2016 at the 27th edition of the New Orleans Film Festival , Rob Reiner accepted the inaugural Career Achievement Award from LBJ lead actor Woody Harrelson . LBJ made a second film festival showing in less than a month . On May 2 , 2017 , it was announced that Dean Devlin 's Electric Entertainment had acquired all of the film 's North American rights and that the film would be released in 2017 . It was then announced on May 4 that the film would be released in the United States on November 17 , 2017 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ddc5067964842a84d37bac79c4a8319b",
"text": "Discount theater Discount theaters , also known as dollar theatres , dollar movies , second-run theatres , and sub-run theatres , are movie theaters that show motion pictures for reduced prices after the films leave first-run theatres . Originally , they would receive 35mm films after they had been shown already at first run theaters ; therefore the film quality would be lower because the film was worn by dozens of showings , and the audience for the film would be reduced since it had been released weeks or months before . At the time , VHS was just rising as an affordable home video technology . Consequently , budget-conscious film-goers might wait for a film to hit the local dollar house instead of paying more money to see the film first-run . As the 21st century dawned , a pair of factors conspired to drive many discount theatres out of business : 1 ) an oversupply of American movie screens caused by ambitious overbuilding allowed films to stay longer in the first-run theatres , and 2 ) the delay between theatrical release and VHS or DVD release continued to shrink . This latter factor convinced many moviegoers that it was simply not worth the money , hassle , and possible encounters with noisy fellow patrons and sticky floors , meaning dollar theatres could be in the twilight of their existence .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "55b34387d4e5e891bb7825df9f73faee",
"text": "Todd Lowe Todd Lowe ( born May 10 , 1977 ) is an American actor . He is best known for his role as Terry Bellefleur on HBO 's True Blood , and as Zach Van Gerbig on Gilmore Girls . Lowe most recently played Terry Bellefleur on HBO 's True Blood , a PTSD-suffering Iraq War veteran who works as a short order cook at Merlotte 's Bar & Grill . In addition to television and film , Todd has starred in over twenty stage productions and has worked on several plays written by playwright Justin Tanner . Lowe has been a singer and guitarist for Pilbilly Knights , a country-rock band based in Los Angeles . The band released a compact disc , California Nigth Club ( sic ) in January 2007 . He is currently a member of another rock country band , The LA Hootenanny . Lowe is a graduate of The University of Texas at Austin graduating with a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1999 . While looking for jobs as an actor , Lowe worked as a substitute teacher .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c7690ee472935f7b0c9ed17d266ab39e",
"text": "Rob Epstein Rob Epstein , also credited as Robert P. Epstein ( born April 6 , 1955 ) , is an American director , producer , writer and editor . Epstein has won two Academy Awards for Best Documentary Feature , for the films The Times of Harvey Milk and Common Threads : Stories from the Quilt . Recently , Epstein has transitioned from non-fiction documentaries into scripted narratives , producing such biopics as HOWL , his award-winning film about Allen Ginsberg 's controversial poem by the same name ( starring James Franco ) , and Lovelace , the story about the life and trials of pornographic superstar Linda Lovelace ( starring Amanda Seyfried ) . He is openly gay .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1faa1d2a9a678e08f753148d28b34097",
"text": "Robert Stanton (actor) Robert Lloyd Stanton ( born March 8 , 1963 ) is an American film , television and stage actor , director and playwright . He may be best known for his role in the 1993 film Dennis the Menace as Henry Mitchell , the title character 's father .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "94ded29f9d269a47fe61b513697e62be",
"text": "Robert Russell (English actor) Robert Russell ( 24 May 1936 -- 12 May 2008 ) was an English actor known for a memorable supporting role as John Stearne alongside Vincent Price in the classic British horror film Witchfinder General ( 1968 ) . He was born in Kent , England . His family emigrated to South Africa for 9 years when he was aged 11 . He worked in a gold mine after leaving school . He returned to England and trained as an actor at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art . He then appeared on stage with stars such as Laurence Olivier and Michael Gambon , as a member of the National Theatre touring company . He made numerous appearances on UK television , often playing tough characters and villains due to his imposing stature , including The Avengers , The Sweeney , Space : 1999 , Blake 's 7 and Doctor Who , playing a guard in the serial entitled The Power of the Daleks and a Highland Games Champion , The Caber , in Terror of the Zygons . Some of his other film appearances included Othello ( 1965 ) , The Whisperers ( 1967 ) , Bedazzled ( 1967 ) with Peter Cook and Dudley Moore , Inspector Clouseau ( 1968 ) , The Breaking of Bumbo ( 1970 ) , Man in the Wilderness ( 1971 ) with Richard Harris , Sitting Target ( 1972 ) , Double Exposure ( 1977 ) , Queen of the Blues ( 1979 ) starring Mary Millington , Ivanhoe ( 1982 ) , Oliver Twist ( 1982 ) , and the TV film of The Sign of Four ( 1983 ) . He lived for the last 14 years of his life in Maidenhead , Berkshire and died there of a heart attack at his home aged 71 . * Note : This is from a Public Member Trees search on Ancestry , where the date of death is oddly given as 18 May 2008 ( see discussion ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3b880a049b643952bd53056d38cd1714",
"text": "J. G. Lowe Jesse Grant Lowe , Jr. was a college football player .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "44f7b49a3a9044aa5586cdfa3de12252",
"text": "Max Dugan Returns Max Dugan Returns is a 1983 American comedy-drama film starring Jason Robards as Max Dugan , Marsha Mason as his daughter Nora , Donald Sutherland , Kiefer Sutherland , and Matthew Broderick , the latter two actors each in their first film appearances . This would be the last Neil Simon film to be directed by Herbert Ross , as well as the last of his films starring Mason ( Simon 's wife at the time ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "73d42b50b97725d64997d548fe7f8b8b",
"text": "Rodney Rowland Rodney G. Rowland ( born February 20 , 1964 ) is an American actor . He is credited as Rod Rowland in more recent productions , given his predilection to being called Rod . Rowland 's most noted appearances to date were as 1st Lieutenant Cooper Hawkes in 1995 's Space : Above and Beyond and P. Wiley in The 6th Day , starring Arnold Schwarzenegger .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5e201de6f5595fe47eaf1c1eab80ed5c",
"text": "Alex Lowe (disambiguation) Alex Lowe was an American mountaineer . Alex Lowe may also refer to : Alex Lowe ( actor ) ( born 1968 ) , English actor Alex Lowe ( musician ) , singer/guitarist with Hurricane No. 1 Alex Lowe ( American Horror Story ) , an American Horror Story : Hotel character",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b9906a129d4c931dc7260eff32cdf996",
"text": "Sears Radio Theater Sears Radio Theater was a radio drama anthology series which ran weeknights on CBS Radio in 1979 , sponsored by the Sears chain . Often paired with The CBS Radio Mystery Theater during its first season , the program offered a different genre of drama for each day 's broadcast . In January 1980 , the program moved to the Mutual Broadcasting System and became the Mutual Radio Theater . The Mutual series broadcast repeats from the CBS run until September 1980 , when a short season of new dramas was presented . Sears continued as a sponsor during the Mutual run . Monday was `` Western Night '' and was hosted by Lorne Greene . Tuesday was `` Comedy Night '' , hosted by Andy Griffith . Wednesday was `` Mystery Night '' with Vincent Price as host . Thursday was `` Love and Hate Night '' with Cicely Tyson doing honors as host . Finally , Friday brought `` Adventure Night '' , first hosted by Richard Widmark and later by Howard Duff and then by Leonard Nimoy . Actors heard on the series included Jim Jordan , Henry Morgan , Daws Butler , June Foray , Parley Baer , Mary Jane Croft , Howard Culver , John Dehner , Virginia Gregg , Janet Waldo , Vic Perrin , Hans Conried , Marvin Miller , Elliott Lewis , Jeff Corey , Lesley Woods , Robert Rockwell , Lurene Tuttle , Eve Arden , Keith Andes , Harriet Nelson , Alan Young , Tom Bosley , Marion Ross , Lloyd Bochner , Rick Jason , Frank Campanella , Toni Tennille , Arthur Hill , Dan O'Herlihy , Jesse White and Frank Nelson . Actress Peggy Webber was heard on 52 episodes . It was produced and directed by Fletcher Markle and Elliott Lewis . The theme was composed and conducted by Nelson Riddle . Though less long-lived than NPR 's Earplay or the CBS Radio Mystery Theater , it was an ambitious attempt to reinvigorate a neglected field . Like Earplay , it was broadcast in stereo .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1da189226c838b1340f1dfe9e3b07250",
"text": "Robert Hardy Timothy Sydney Robert Hardy , CBE , FSA ( born 29 October 1925 ) is an English actor with a long career in the theatre , film and television .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
2b7535e189b74afcf5b0c2d095bf1910 | Guam was captured, and is still controlled today, by America. | [
{
"docid": "134e4a4c49fa0e99be51e4f018dd21eb",
"text": "Guam Guam ( -LSB- ˈɡwɑːm -RSB- or -LSB- ˈɡwɒm -RSB- Chamorro : Guåhån -LSB- ˈɡʷɑhɑn -RSB- formally the Territory of Guam ) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States . Located in the western Pacific Ocean , Guam is one of five American territories with an established civilian government . The capital city is Hagåtña and the most populous city is Dededo . In 2015 , 161,785 people resided on Guam . Guamanians are American citizens by birth . Guam has an area of 210 sq mi ( 544 km ² ) and a population density of 770/sq mi ( 297/km ² ) . It is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands and the largest island in Micronesia . Among its municipalities , Mongmong-Toto-Maite has the highest density at 3,691 / sq mi ( 1,425 / km ² ) , whereas Inarajan and Umatac have the lowest density at 119/sq mi ( 47/km ² ) . The highest point is Mount Lamlam at 406 m above sea level . The Chamorros , Guam 's indigenous people , settled the island approximately 4,000 years ago . Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan was the first European to visit the island on March 6 , 1521 . Guam was colonized in 1668 with settlers , like Diego Luis de San Vitores , a Catholic missionary . Between the 16th century and the 18th century , Guam was an important stopover for the Spanish Manila Galleons . During the Spanish -- American War , the United States captured Guam on June 21 , 1898 . Under the Treaty of Paris , Spain ceded Guam to the United States on December 10 , 1898 . Guam is among the seventeen Non-Self-Governing Territories of the United Nations . Before World War II , Guam and four other territories -- American Samoa , Hawaii , Wake Island , and the Philippines -- were the only American jurisdictions in the Pacific Ocean . On December 7 , 1941 , hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor , Guam was captured by the Japanese , who occupied the island for thirty months . During the occupation , Guamanians were subjected to beheadings , forced labor , rape , and torture . Guam endured hostilities when American forces recaptured the island on July 21 , 1944 ; Liberation Day commemorates the victory . Since the 1960s , the economy has been supported by two industries : tourism and the United States Armed Forces .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "fb3844d4b53ece3f3de825ef54feda88",
"text": "Rumsfeld v. Padilla Rumsfeld v. Padilla , , was a United States Supreme Court case , in which José Padilla , an American citizen , sought habeas corpus relief against Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld , as a result of his detention by the military as an `` unlawful combatant . '' On May 8 , 2002 , Padilla , a U.S. citizen , flew from Pakistan to Chicago 's O'Hare International Airport . As he left the plane , Padilla was apprehended by federal agents executing a material witness warrant issued by the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in connection with its grand jury investigation into the September 11th attacks by terrorists . Initially Padilla was considered a `` material witness , '' without charges filed , and given very limited access to legal counsel . He was later classified as an `` enemy combatant , '' which , the Bush administration claimed as justification to imprison him indefinitely , and without legal recourse or access , as with non-citizen suspects in the war on terror . Padilla 's attorney , Donna Newman , claiming to act as his next friend and on his behalf , filed a petition for habeas corpus in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York . On December 4 , 2002 , the court denied the petition and held that the President of the United States , as Commander-in-Chief had the authority to designate as an `` enemy combatant '' an American citizen captured on American soil , and , through the Secretary of Defense , to detain him for the duration of armed conflict with al-Qaida . The case was appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit , which held that the President lacked the authority to order the military detentions of American citizens captured on American soil . The case was petitioned to the United States Supreme Court . The principal issue before the Court was whether the Congressional Authorization for Use of Military Force post September 11 gave the president the powers to detain a United States citizen under military custody by classifying the detainee as an `` enemy combatant . '' Otherwise , the president would run afoul of the Non-Detention Act , which provides that `` No citizen shall be imprisoned or otherwise detained by the United States except pursuant to an Act of Congress . The Court did not decide this issue . Instead , the Court held that the habeas corpus petition had been improperly filed . It ruled that because Padilla was being held in a brig ( military prison ) in South Carolina , the petition should have been filed in the United States District Court for the District of South Carolina and should have named the commander of the brig and not the Secretary of Defense ( because the brig commander was Padilla 's `` immediate custodian '' ) . The Court reversed the decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and remanded the case for dismissal without prejudice - that is , it overruled the Court of Appeals decision and ordered the dismissal of the case , allowing Padilla to refile the petition . Thus the principal issue of the case had not been resolved . Paul Clement , Principal Deputy Solicitor General at the time , gave oral argument for the United States ( Rumsfeld ) ; Jennifer Martinez , a law professor and human rights lawyer , gave oral argument on behalf of Padilla and Newman .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ab6842935dbe00c10ce69bc41bcac1ef",
"text": "Commander in Chief Pacific Fleet Headquarters (World War II) CINCPAC Fleet Headquarters , also known as Commander in Chief Pacific Fleet Headquarters , was the headquarters of Admiral Chester W. Nimitz from 1942 through 1945 , while he was Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet during World War II . Commanding land , sea , and air forces , Admiral Nimitz had major responsibility for campaigns such as the Battle of Midway , the liberation of Guam , and the seizure of Saipan and Tinian in the Marianas .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fea22f9e834ab5ae704ac5324eabe17d",
"text": "Japanese air attacks on the Mariana Islands During World War II , a series of Japanese air attacks on the Mariana Islands took place between November 1944 and January 1945 . These raids targeted United States Army Air Forces ( USAAF ) bases and sought to disrupt the bombing of Japan by B-29 Superfortress heavy bombers operating from the islands . The Japanese lost 37 aircraft during this operation , but destroyed 11 B-29s and damaged a further 43 . Preparations were also made for commando raids on the bases in early and mid-1945 but these did not go ahead . While the attacks on the Mariana Islands did not seriously disrupt the USAAF air campaign , they had an effect on other American operations . After determining that the Japanese raiders were staging through Iwo Jima , American forces stepped up their attacks on that island . While the decision to invade Iwo Jima had been made before the raids commenced , stopping the attacks formed part of the justification for the landing . In addition , further air defense units were deployed to the Mariana Islands to protect the B-29 bases .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5f32b81a8f4ed7577a7eaf81e328460c",
"text": "Capitol Hill, Saipan Capitol Hill ( sometimes spelled Capital Hill , formerly Army Hill under the United States Navy , ) is a settlement ( sometimes termed a village or district ) on the island of Saipan in the Northern Mariana Islands . It has a population of just over 1,000 . Capitol Hill has been the territory 's seat of government since 1962 . It lies on the cross-island road between Tanapag and San Vicente . Capitol Hill was originally built in 1948 by the Central Intelligence Agency as a base involved in covert training of Nationalist Chinese guerrillas . The area is home to various government departments and agencies : Governor 's Office Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Legislature Building US Post Office Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Department of Commerce Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Workforce Investment Agency Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Council for Arts and Culture",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0f8e0f285c4d49766c5610be22f5fa9d",
"text": "Battle of Kwajalein The Battle of Kwajalein was fought as part of the Pacific campaign of World War II . It took place from 31 January-3 February 1944 , on Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands . Employing the hard-learned lessons of the battle of Tarawa , the United States launched a successful twin assault on the main islands of Kwajalein in the south and Roi-Namur in the north . The Japanese defenders put up stiff resistance , although outnumbered and under-prepared . The determined defense of Roi-Namur left only 51 survivors of an original garrison of 3,500 . For the US , the battle represented both the next step in its island-hopping march to Japan and a significant moral victory because it was the first time the Americans had penetrated the `` outer ring '' of the Japanese Pacific sphere . For the Japanese , the battle represented the failure of the beach-line defense . Japanese defenses became prepared in depth , and the battles of Peleliu , Guam , and the Marianas proved far more costly to the US .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "211ec403466fe9f85d889560f8b667e6",
"text": "New Guinea campaign The New Guinea campaign of the Pacific War lasted from January 1942 until the end of the war in August 1945 . During the initial phase in early 1942 , the Empire of Japan invaded the Australian-administered territories of the New Guinea Mandate ( 23 January ) and Papua ( 8 March ) and overran western New Guinea ( beginning 29/30 March ) , which was a part of the Netherlands East Indies . During the second phase , lasting from late 1942 until the Japanese surrender , the Allies -- consisting primarily of Australian and US forces -- cleared the Japanese first from Papua , then the Mandate and finally from the Dutch colony . The campaign resulted in a crushing defeat and very heavy losses for Empire of Japan . As in most Pacific War campaigns , disease and starvation claimed more Japanese lives than enemy action . Most Japanese troops never even came into contact with Allied forces , and were instead simply cut off and subjected to an effective blockade by the US Navy . Garrisons were effectively besieged and denied shipments of food and medical supplies , and as a result , some claim that 97 % of Japanese deaths in this campaign were from non-combat causes . According to John Laffin , the campaign '' ... was arguably the most arduous fought by any Allied troops during World War II '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d2ebedffdecb7ef06405d4a710137905",
"text": "Guam Department of Agriculture The Guam Department of Agriculture is a government agency in the United States territory of Guam . Its headquarters are in the village Mangilao . It was founded on order of Governor Henry Bertram Price in 1924 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0506b85bf31c733ee9f04020c01ebe3d",
"text": "McCollum memo The McCollum memo , also known as the Eight Action Memo was a memorandum , dated October 7 , 1940 ( more than a year before the Pearl Harbor attack ) , sent by Lieutenant Commander Arthur H. McCollum , who `` provided the president with intelligence reports on -LSB- Japan -RSB- ... -LSB- and oversaw -RSB- every intercepted and decoded Japanese military and diplomatic report destined for the White House '' in his capacity as director of the Office of Naval Intelligence 's Far East Asia section . It was sent to Navy Captains Dudley Knox , who agreed with the actions described within the memo , and Walter Stratton Anderson . The memo outlined the general situation of several nations in World War II and recommended an eight-part course of action for the United States to take in regard to the Japanese Empire in the South Pacific , suggesting the United States provoke Japan into committing an `` overt act of war '' . The memo illustrates several people in the Office of Naval Intelligence promoted the idea of goading Japan into war : `` It is not believed that in the present state of political opinion the United States government is capable of declaring war against Japan without more ado -LSB- ... -RSB- If by -LSB- the elucidated eight-point plan -RSB- Japan could be led to commit an overt act of war , so much the better . '' The McCollum memo was first widely disseminated with the publication of Robert Stinnett 's book Day of Deceit : The Truth About FDR and Pearl Harbor . Stinnett presents the memo as part of his argument the Roosevelt Administration conspired to secretly provoke the Japanese to attack the United States in order to bring the United States into the European war without generating public contempt over broken political promises . Roosevelt had recently issued a campaign promise the United States would not become entangled in Europe 's war under his watch . Stinnett omits to mention McCollum never had contact with Roosevelt , and Stinnett 's claims to the contrary are false . Moreover , Stinnett attributes to McCollum a position the position , quoting directly from Stinnett ; `` Lieutenant Commander McCollum 's five-page memorandum of October 1940 ( hereafter referred to as the eight-action memo ) put forward a startling plan -- a plan intended to engineer a situation that would mobilize a reluctant America into joining Britain 's struggle against the German armed forces then overrunning Europe . Its eight actions called for virtually inciting a Japanese attack on American ground , air , and naval forces in Hawaii , as well as on British and Dutch colonial outposts in the Pacific region . '' Many hold that McCollum expressly repudiated this position , in both a publication and McCollum 's own sworn testimony .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "23e61a8eaa82e5a7c221491c3d65cbbb",
"text": "Operation Barrel Roll Operation Barrel Roll was a covert U.S. Air Force 2nd Air Division ( later the Seventh Air Force ) and U.S. Navy Task Force 77 , interdiction and close air support campaign conducted in the Kingdom of Laos between 14 December 1964 and 29 March 1973 concurrent with the Vietnam War . The original purpose of the operation was to serve as a signal to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam ( North Vietnam ) to cease its support for the insurgency then taking place in the Republic of Vietnam ( South Vietnam ) . This action was taken within Laos due to the location of North Vietnam 's expanding logistical corridor known as the Ho Chi Minh Trail ( the Truong Son Road to the North Vietnamese ) , which ran from southwestern North Vietnam , through southeastern Laos , and into South Vietnam . The campaign then centered on the interdiction of that logistical system . Beginning during the same time frame ( and expanding throughout the conflict ) the operation became increasingly involved in providing close air support missions for Royal Lao Armed Forces , CIA-backed tribal mercenaries , and Thai Volunteer Defense Corps in a covert ground war in northern and northeastern Laos . Barrel Roll and the `` Secret Army '' attempted to stem an increasing tide of People 's Army of Vietnam ( PAVN ) and Pathet Lao offensives . Barrel Roll was one of the most closely held secrets and one of the most unknown components of the American military commitment in Southeast Asia . Due to the ostensible neutrality of Laos , guaranteed by the Geneva Conference of 1954 and 1962 , both the U.S. and North Vietnam strove to maintain the secrecy of their operations and only slowly escalated military actions there . As much as both parties would have liked to have publicized their enemy 's own alleged violation of the accords , both had more to gain by keeping their own roles quiet . Regardless , by the end of the conflict in 1975 , Laos emerged from nine years of war just as devastated as any of the other Asian participants in the Vietnam War .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a4f9f7a36c379d2f39e1da6e71bf17a8",
"text": "German New Guinea German New Guinea ( Deutsch-Neuguinea ) was the first part of the German colonial empire . It was a protectorate from 1884 until 1914 when it fell to Australian forces following the outbreak of the First World War . It consisted of the northeastern part of New Guinea and several nearby island groups . The mainland part of German New Guinea and the nearby islands of the Bismarck Archipelago and the North Solomon Islands are now part of Papua New Guinea . The Micronesian islands of German New Guinea are now governed as the Federated States of Micronesia , the Marshall Islands , Nauru , the Northern Mariana Islands and Palau . The mainland portion , Kaiser-Wilhelmsland , was formed from the northeastern part of New Guinea . The islands to the east of Kaiser-Wilhelmsland , on annexation , were renamed the Bismarck Archipelago ( formerly the New Britannia Archipelago ) and the two largest islands renamed Neu-Pommern ( `` New Pomerania '' , today 's New Britain ) and Neu-Mecklenburg ( `` New Mecklenburg , now New Ireland ) . Due to their accessibility by water , however , these outlying islands were , and have remained , the most economically viable part of the territory . With the exception of German Samoa , the German islands in the Western Pacific formed the `` Imperial German Pacific Protectorates '' . These were administered as part of German New Guinea and they included the German Solomon Islands ( Buka , Bougainville , and several smaller islands ) , the Carolines , Palau , the Marianas ( except for Guam ) , the Marshall Islands , and Nauru . The total land area of German New Guinea was 249500 km ² .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "024474d41f073d010362ddc4ac097f50",
"text": "What Makes a Battle What Makes a Battle was a propaganda short produced by the US Army Pictoral Service in 1944 . It documents the taking of the Marshall Islands while also encouraging increased war production . The film opens with the narrator asking `` What makes a battle ? '' while the camera is focusing on shipments of industrial transports , `` This is what it takes to make a battle . '' This statement sets up the dual nature of the entire film . War supplies are pouring in from every part of the country , from every type of American `` Republican and Democrat , white and colored . '' Industrial production is the backbone of war , according to the film , if it is destroyed , not made with quality , or not replaced in time , the battle can not happen . Then the film abruptly changes direction , and presents a summary of the American battle plan for taking the Marshalls , how the outer islands were bombed to fool the enemy , and how a sneak attack was planned against the inner islands . But this could n't happen until all the supplies were ready . When the invasion does begin there is fierce fighting on the main islands . `` The German would have surrendered , but not the Jap ... Out of a garrison of 6000 , 230 surrender . '' Much time is spent on the Japanese POWs , and the film goes to great lengths to show how well they are treated , especially in comparison to how the Japanese treated their POWs . Emphasis then turns again to materiel . Showing all the destroyed planes , artillery , and ammunition , all needing to be replaced by the American workforce . But at the very end , images of the dead and wounded American soldiers are shown . The narrator assures us they will never be forgotten .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a91b4be7c2499cdb1abd48bd325f879a",
"text": "Japanese occupation of Singapore The Japanese occupation of Singapore in World War II took place from 1942 to 1945 , following the fall of the British colony on 15 February 1942 . Military forces of the Empire of Japan occupied it after defeating the combined British , Indian , Australian , and Malayan garrison in the Battle of Singapore . The occupation was to become a major turning point in the histories of several nations , including those of Japan , Britain , and the then-colonial state of Singapore . Singapore was renamed , meaning `` Light of the South '' . Singapore was officially returned to British colonial rule on 12 September 1945 , following the formal signing of the surrender instrument at the Municipal Building .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d6948671978441aae4fdf5debf3ef7ea",
"text": "Mainland Japan is a term to distinguish the area of Japan from its outlying territories . It was an official term in the pre-war period , distinguishing Japan and the colonies in East Asia . After the end of World War II , the term became uncommon , but still is used as an unofficial term to distinguish the area of Japan from Okinawa or Hokkaidō . The literal Japanese meaning might best be translated as inner Japan or inner lands . The term `` mainland '' is an inaccurate translation because mainland is usually the continental part of a region , as opposed to the islands . It is also somewhat confusing as Mainland Japan is defined to consist of several major islands ( Hokkaidō , Honshū , Kyūshū , Shikoku ) and many minor ones . The term mainland Japan is also sometimes used to translate Honshū , the largest island , though naichi not .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "49e3023260513f9eb0f8d42f8d8e582d",
"text": "Colonization Colonization ( or colonisation ) is a process by which a central system of power dominates the surrounding land and its components . The term is derived from the Latin word colere , which means `` to inhabit '' . Also , colonization refers strictly to migration , for example , to settler colonies in America or Australia , trading posts , and plantations , while colonialism deals with this , along with ruling the existing indigenous peoples of styled `` new territories '' . Colonization was linked to the spread of tens of millions from Western European states all over the world . In many settled colonies , Western European settlers formed a large majority of the population . Examples include the Americas , Australia and New Zealand . These colonies were occasionally called ` neo-Europes ' . In other places , Western European settlers formed minority groups , who were often dominant in their places of settlement . When Britain started to settle Australia , New Zealand and various other smaller islands , they often regarded the landmasses as terra nullius . Terra nullius meaning 'em pty land ' in Latin . Due to the absence of European farming techniques , the land was deemed unaltered by man and therefore treated as uninhabited , despite the presence of indigenous populations . In the 19th century , laws and ideas such as Mexico 's General Colonization Law and the United States ' Manifest destiny encouraged further colonization of the Americas .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6f2c656d27015d08f4099dda6861ee01",
"text": "Seal of Guam The Seal of Guam appears in the middle of the flag of the United States territory of Guam . It depicts Agaña Bay near Hagåtña , a local proa and a palm tree . Charles Alan Pownall approved the seal in 1946 . The coconut tree , also known as the Tree of Life , holds a dominant position on Guam 's symbol . The shape of the seal is that of a Chamorro sling stone used as a weapon for warfare and hunting . The sling stone was quarried from basalt and coral . The coconut tree , growing in infertile sand , symbolizes self-sustenance and determination to grow and survive under any circumstance , with its fronds open to the sky -- defies the elements to bend its will . Its bent trunk attests to a people which have been tested by famine , natural calamities , genocide and foreign wars but have continued to endure as a race . The seal also includes a flying Proa , a seagoing craft built by the Chamorro people , which was fast and agile in the water requiring great skill to build and sail . The river channel , where fresh water rushes out to interact with the ocean , symbolizes a willingness to share the resources of the land with others . The permanence of the land mass of Hila'an in the background demonstrates the Chamorro 's commitment to their homeland and environment , be it sea or land . Also in the background , `` Two Lovers ' Point '' juts majestically into the endless waters of the sea , portraying the people 's faithful commitment to passing their proud heritage , culture , and language to the endless sea of future generations .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d85f7f01737032e283685c2d9b07df88",
"text": "Hispanic Americans in World War II Hispanic Americans , also referred to as Latinos , served in all elements of the American armed forces in the war . They fought in every major American battle in the war . Between 250,000 and 500,000 Hispanic Americans served in the U.S. Armed Forces during World War II , out of a total of 12,000,000 , constituting 2.3 % to 4.7 % of the U.S. Armed Forces . The exact number is unknown as , at the time , Hispanics were not tabulated separately , but were generally included in the general white population census count . Separate statistics were kept for African Americans and Asian Americans . On December 7 , 1941 , when the United States officially entered the war , Hispanic Americans were among the many American citizens who joined the ranks of the Army , Navy and Marine Corps as volunteers or through the draft . Not only did Hispanics serve as active combatants in the European and Pacific Theatres of war , but they also served on the home front as civilians . Hundreds of Hispanic women joined the Women 's Army Auxiliary Corps ( WAACs ) and Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service ( WAVES ) , serving as nurses and in administrative positions . Many worked in traditionally male labor jobs in the manufacturing plants that produced munitions and materiel , replacing men who were away at war . When conscription was increased , some Puerto Ricans from the island were assigned as replacements to units in the Panama Canal Zone and British Caribbean islands , which were made up mostly of continental ( United States mainland ) soldiers . Most Puerto Ricans and Hispanics residing in Puerto Rico were assigned to the 65th Infantry Regiment or to the Puerto Rico National Guard . These were the only all-Hispanic units whose statistics were kept . More than 53,000 Puerto Ricans and Hispanics who resided on the island served in the war . According to Senator Robert Menendez , more than 9,000 Latinos died in the defense of the United States in World War II . Because of lack of separate documentation , the total number of Hispanic Americans who died in the conflict is unknown .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3b78f3af4456bf8250f28b0f62ef73c1",
"text": "Federalism in Australia Federalism in Australia was formally adopted on 1 January 1901 when the six self-governing Australian colonies federated as the Commonwealth of Australia . To this day Australia remains a federation of those six `` original States '' under the Commonwealth Constitution . Australia is the seventh oldest federation in the world after the United States ( 1789 ) , Mexico ( 1824 ) , Switzerland ( 1848 ) , Canada ( 1867 ) , the German Empire ( 1871 ) and Brazil ( 1891 ) and the only one of those to have remained entirely unchanged in its composition . In formal constitutional terms , little has been altered since Australians made that decision over a century ago ; in practice , however , the way Australian federalism functions has changed enormously over the intervening years . The most significant respect in which it has changed is in the degree to which the Commonwealth government has assumed a position of dominance .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "48edbd1571231d09f1cb9df6552e03d2",
"text": "United States Army Air Forces in Okinawa The Battle of Okinawa was the last major ground battle between the armed forces of the Empire of Japan and the United States of the Pacific War . United States Army and United States Marine Corps ground forces landed on the island on 1 April 1945 at 08:30 am . The Battle of Okinawa lasted 83 days until 22 June , when the island was declared secured . The defense of the island was divided into three strong Japanese lines where hidden guns , machine guns and bunkers covered approaches and fields . Soldiers on the ground fought a grueling battle to occupy the island . The United States Navy and its support ships were larger in numbers than those at Normandy in June 1944 , and were attacked repeatedly by Japanese kamikaze aircraft , sinking and damaging a significant number of vessels . It was a battle in which more than 12,000 American and 70,000 Japanese soldiers lost their lives . In addition , it is estimated that between 100,000 and 150,000 Okinawan civilians were also killed during the battle .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8750e73fcfacbc9439059f26a6bc03ff",
"text": "Filipino Americans Filipino Americans ( Mga Pilipinong Amerikano ) are Americans of Filipino descent . The term Filipino American is sometimes shortened to `` Fil-Ams '' , or `` Pinoy '' . According to Filipino American historian Dawn Mabalon , the earliest appearance of the term Pinoy ( alt . Pinay ) , was in a 1926 issue of the Filipino Student Bulletin . The article that featured the terms , is titled , `` Filipino Women in U.S. Excel in Their Courses : Invade Business , Politics . '' Some Filipinos believe that the term Pinoy was coined by Filipinos who came to the United States to distinguish themselves from Filipinos living in the Philippines . Filipinos in North America were first documented in the 16th century , with small settlements beginning in the 18th century . Mass migration did not begin until the early 20th Century when the Philippines was ceded from Spain to the United States in the Treaty of Paris .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a0582437ed458a4a7b8b06c660cbde93",
"text": "French colonial empire The French colonial empire constituted the overseas colonies , protectorates and mandate territories that came under French rule from the 16th century onward . A distinction is generally made between the `` first colonial empire '' , that existed until 1814 , by which time most of it had been lost , and the `` second colonial empire '' , which began with the conquest of Algiers in 1830 . The second empire came to an end after the loss of bitter wars in Vietnam ( 1955 ) and Algeria ( 1962 ) , and peaceful decolonization elsewhere after 1960 . Competing with Spain , Portugal , the United Provinces , and later Britain , France began to establish colonies in North America , the Caribbean , and India in the 17th century . A series of wars with Great Britain and other European major powers during the 18th century and early 19th century resulted in France losing nearly all of its conquests . France rebuilt a new empire mostly after 1850 , concentrating chiefly in Africa , as well as Indochina and the South Pacific . Republicans , at first hostile to empire , only became supportive when Germany started to build her own colonial empire . As it developed the new empire took on roles of trade with France , especially supplying raw materials and purchasing manufactured items , as well as lending prestige to the motherland and spreading French civilization and language , and the Catholic religion . It also provided manpower in the World Wars . It became a moral mission to lift the world up to French standards by bringing Christianity and French culture . In 1884 the leading proponent of colonialism , Jules Ferry declared ; `` The higher races have a right over the lower races , they have a duty to civilize the inferior races . '' Full citizenship rights -- assimilation -- were offered , although in reality `` assimilation was always receding -LSB- and -RSB- the colonial populations treated like subjects not citizens . '' France sent small numbers of settlers to its empire , contrary to Great Britain , and previously Spain and Portugal , with the only notable exception of Algeria , where the French settlers nonetheless always remained a small minority . At its apex , it was one of the largest empires in history . Including metropolitan France , the total amount of land under French sovereignty reached 11500000 km2 in 1920 , with a population of 110 million people in 1939 . In World War II , Charles de Gaulle and the Free French used the overseas colonies as bases from which they fought to liberate France . Historian Tony Chafer argues : `` In an effort to restore its world-power status after the humiliation of defeat and occupation , France was eager to maintain its overseas empire at the end of the Second World War . '' However , after 1945 anti-colonial movements began to challenge European authority . The French constitution of October 27 , 1946 ( Fourth Republic ) , established the French Union which endured until 1958 . Newer remnants of the colonial empire were integrated into France as overseas departments and territories within the French Republic . These now total altogether 119,394 km ² ( 46,098 sq. miles ) , which amounts to only 1 % of the pre-1939 French colonial empire 's area , with 2.7 million people living in them in 2013 . By the 1970s , says Robert Aldrich , the last `` vestiges of empire held little interest for the French . '' He argues , `` Except for the traumatic decolonization of Algeria , however , what is remarkable is how few long-lasting effects on France the giving up of empire entailed . ''",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
84a1fd739b52b983eeb32c42642b3399 | Agatha Christie died on January 12, 1976. | [
{
"docid": "e0d54e26179c8608590546d48127d7a3",
"text": "Agatha Christie Dame Agatha Mary Clarissa Christie , Lady Mallowan , DBE ( née Miller ; 15 September 1890 -- 12 January 1976 ) was an English crime novelist , short story writer and playwright . She is best known for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections , particularly those revolving around her fictional detectives Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple . She also wrote the world 's longest-running play , a murder mystery , The Mousetrap , and six romances under the name Mary Westmacott . In 1971 she was made a Dame for her contribution to literature . Christie was born into a wealthy upper-middle-class family in Torquay , Devon . She served in a Devon hospital during the First World War , tending to troops coming back from the trenches , before marrying and starting a family in London . She was initially an unsuccessful writer , but this all changed for the better when The Mysterious Affair at Styles was published in 1920 featuring Hercule Poirot . During the Second World War she worked as a pharmacy assistant at University College Hospital , London during the Blitz and acquired a good knowledge of poisons which featured in many of her novels . Guinness World Records lists Christie as the best-selling novelist of all time . Her novels have sold roughly 2 billion copies , and her estate claims that her works come third in the rankings of the world 's most-widely published books , behind only Shakespeare 's works and the Bible . According to Index Translationum , she remains the most-translated individual author -- having been translated into at least 103 languages . And Then There Were None is Christie 's best-selling novel , with 100 million sales to date , making it the world 's best-selling mystery ever , and one of the best-selling books of all time . Christie 's stage play The Mousetrap holds the world record for longest initial run . It opened at the Ambassadors Theatre in the West End on 25 November 1952 and is still running after more than 25,000 performances . In 1955 , Christie was the first recipient of the Mystery Writers of America 's highest honour , the Grand Master Award . Later the same year , Witness for the Prosecution received an Edgar Award by the MWA for Best Play . In 2013 , The Murder of Roger Ackroyd was voted the best crime novel ever by 600 fellow writers of the Crime Writers ' Association . On 15 September 2015 , coinciding with her 125th birthday , And Then There Were None was named the `` World 's Favourite Christie '' in a vote sponsored by the author 's estate . Most of her books and short stories have been adapted for television , radio , video games and comics , and more than thirty feature films have been based on her work .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "5c007aa5ed3056c492b2a8e708adaf7b",
"text": "John Christie (artist) John Christie has worked as both a visual artist and a broadcast film-maker over the years . As a maker of artists ' books since 1975 , he has produced more than 20 limited editions for both the renowned Circle Press and his own imprint Objectif . He co-authored , with John Berger , the award-winning book I Send You This Cadmium Red . His prints , drawings and artists ' books are in many collections worldwide including the Tate Gallery , the V&A , the Yale Center for British Art , New Haven , New York Public Library and the National Library of Australia . As a director/cameraman his art-related TV programmes include Another Way of Telling , a BBC series on photography made in collaboration with John Berger and Jean Mohr ; Salvage of Soho Photographer , a C4 documentary on John Deakin and First Hand , a series of seven films based on literary manuscripts from the British Library . As a lighting cameraman he filmed Ian Breakwell 's Continuous Diary ( C4 ) , 40 Years of Modern Art ( Tate ) , Ian Breakwell 's Public Face/Private Eye ( C4 ) , David Mach - From Hill to Castle ( BBC2 ) , `` David Nash - At the Edge of the Forest ( BBC Wales ) and The Other Side '' Ian Breakwell 's installation produced by Anna Ridley and shown at the De La Warr Pavilion and Tate Britain . John Christie was one of the four founder members of the award-winning East Anglian publisher Full Circle Editions and also of the FlipSide literary and music festival held at the Aldeburgh Music complex , Snape Maltings , every autumn .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b80943e6b2bef01c2b88bec31dbf6ab7",
"text": "Sleeping Murder Sleeping Murder : Miss Marple 's Last Case is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in October 1976 and in the US by Dodd , Mead and Company later in the same year . The UK edition retailed for # 3.50 and the US edition for $ 7.95 . The book features Miss Marple . It was the last Christie novel , published posthumously , although not the last one Christie wrote featuring Miss Marple . The story is set in the 1930s , though written during the Second World War . She aids a young couple who choose to uncover events in the wife 's past life , and not let sleeping murder lie .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ac31278c6141d5bcaa905b55372e9962",
"text": "Witness for the Prosecution (1982 film) Witness for the Prosecution is a 1982 television film version of Agatha Christie 's short story and play , and also a remake of the Billy Wilder film Witness for the Prosecution ( 1957 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c9952dd222f28dd9dc76b9dba6fd0bc1",
"text": "Dumb Witness Dumb Witness is a detective fiction novel by British writer Agatha Christie , first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 5 July 1937 and in the US by Dodd , Mead and Company later in the same year under the title of Poirot Loses a Client . The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence ( 7/6 ) and the US edition at $ 2.00 . The book features the Belgian detective Hercule Poirot and is narrated by his friend Arthur Hastings . One novel published after this one features Hastings as narrator , 1975 's Curtain : Poirot 's Last Case .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3080d8aa0eca2d7a24204df666107645",
"text": "Christie Malry's Own Double-Entry Christie Malry 's Own Double-Entry ( 1973 ) is the penultimate novel by the late British avant-garde novelist B. S. Johnson . It is the metafictional account of a disaffected young man , Christie Malry , who applies the principles of double-entry bookkeeping to his own life , `` crediting '' himself against society in an increasingly violent manner for perceived `` debits '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "20489d9a953e1fdcb8b45d77b628c254",
"text": "Timothy Evans Timothy John Evans ( 20 November 1924 -- 9 March 1950 ) was a Welshman falsely accused of murdering his wife and infant daughter at their residence at 10 Rillington Place in Notting Hill , London . In January 1950 , Evans was tried and convicted of the murder of his daughter and was sentenced to death and hanged . During his trial , Evans accused his downstairs neighbour , John Christie , of committing the murders . Three years after Evans 's execution , Christie was found to be a serial killer who had murdered six other women in the same house , including his own wife . Before his own execution , Christie confessed to murdering Mrs. Evans . An official inquiry concluded in 1966 that Christie had also murdered Evans 's daughter , and Evans was granted a posthumous pardon . '' The case generated much controversy and is acknowledged as a serious miscarriage of justice . Along with those of Derek Bentley and Ruth Ellis , the case played a major part in the abolition of capital punishment in the United Kingdom in 1965 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a27314286526fc513b48bca1d012820a",
"text": "Ian Christie Ian Christie may refer to : Ian Christie ( musician ) ( 1927 -- 2010 ) , British jazz clarinetist and film critic for the Daily Express Ian Christie ( film scholar ) ( born 1945 ) , British film academic I. R. Christie ( 1919 -- 1998 ) , British historian",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "35885d23808908b2aec855f4172f2398",
"text": "The Famous Five (series) The Famous Five is the name of a series of children 's adventure novels written by English author Enid Blyton . The first book , Five on a Treasure Island , was published in 1942 . The novels feature the adventures of a group of young children -- Julian , Dick , Anne and Georgina ( George ) -- and their dog Timmy . The stories take place in the children 's school holidays after they have returned from their respective boarding schools . Each time they meet they get caught up in an adventure , often involving criminals or lost treasure . Sometimes the scene is set close to George 's family home at Kirrin Cottage in Dorset , such as the picturesque Kirrin Island , owned by George and her family in Kirrin Bay . George 's own home and various other houses the children visit or stay in are hundreds of years old and often contain secret passages or smugglers ' tunnels . In some books the children go camping in the countryside , on a hike or holiday together elsewhere . The settings , however , are almost always rural and enable the children to discover the simple joys of cottages , islands , the English and Welsh countryside and sea shores , as well as an outdoor life of picnics , lemonade , bicycle trips and swimming . Blyton intended to write only six or eight books in the series , but owing to their high sales and immense commercial success she went on to write twenty-one full-length Famous Five novels , as well as a number of other series in similar style following groups of children discovering crime on holiday in the countryside . By the end of 1953 more than six million copies had been sold . Today , more than two million copies of the books are sold each year , making them one of the biggest-selling series for children ever written , with sales totalling over a hundred million . All the novels have been adapted for television , and several have been adapted as films in various countries . Blyton 's publisher , Hodder & Stoughton , first used the term `` The Famous Five '' in 1951 , after nine books in the series had been published . Before this , the series was referred to as `` The ` Fives ' Books '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b3332bab273c654f503ae7f31df41ada",
"text": "Maundy Gregory John Arthur Maundy Gregory ( 1 July 1877 -- 28 September 1941 ) was a British theatre producer and political fixer who is best remembered for selling honours for Prime Minister David Lloyd George . He may also have been involved with the Zinoviev Letter , the disappearance of Victor Grayson , and the suspicious death of his platonic companion , Edith Rosse . Gregory claimed to have been a spy for British intelligence .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a51010c4041843252fef6c102f5949cc",
"text": "List of journalists killed in Russia The dangers to journalists in Russia have been well known since the early 1990s but concern over the number of unsolved killings soared after Anna Politkovskaya 's murder in Moscow on 7 October , 2006 . While international monitors mentioned dozen deaths , some sources within Russia talked of over two hundred fatalities . The evidence has since been examined and documented in two reports , published in Russian and English , by international organizations . These revealed a basic confusion in terminology that explained the seemingly enormous numerical discrepancy : statistics of premature death among journalists ( from work accidents , crossfire incidents , and purely criminal or domestic cases of manslaughter ) were repeatedly equated with the much smaller number of targeted ( contract ) killings or work-related murders . The Remembrance Day of Journalists Killed in the Line of Duty in Russia is observed on 15 December every year .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b0b0abf60b67606a30935e17f9335a26",
"text": "The Road of Dreams The Road of Dreams is a book of poetry by crime writer Agatha Christie . It was published at her own expense by Geoffrey Bles in January 1925 priced at five shillings ( 5 / - ) . Only one edition of the 112-page volume was ever published and this was undated . Christie wrote poetry for most of her life ; her first traceable published works are three poems from 1919 : World Hymn in The Poetry Review issue for March/April , Dark Sheila in Poetry Today issue for May/June and A Passing in the same journal for November/December . All three poems are reprinted in The Road of Dreams ( with the first under the slightly amended title of World Hymn , 1914 ) . The book is divided into four sections : A Masque from Italy Ballads Dreams and Fantasies Other Poems The final section includes a poem titled In a Dispensary which mentions many of the poisons that Christie would use in her long fictional career .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2e7990e9764cee42021252dfbc443dda",
"text": "Margaret Hogg Margaret Hogg ( c. 1939 -- October 1976 ) was a manslaughter victim whose body was preserved in Wast Water , Lake District National Park , Cumbria , for eight years . Married to Peter Hogg , she had worked as an airline stewardess for Air Europe ; her husband was a pilot . Peter was 19 years older than Margaret , and briefly achieved front-page news on 16 August 1974 when he landed at Luton Airport as the captain of a Lockheed L-1011 Tristar of Court Line that he had piloted overnight from a refuelling stop at Gander , Canada , bringing Clarksons holidaymakers back from St. Lucia . This was the airline 's last flight as Court Line had ceased trading the previous day . Margaret had a three-year affair with banker Graham Ryan , and often flaunted it before Peter . One night in October 1976 , Mrs Hogg attacked her husband , hitting and kicking until he `` grabbed her round the neck and squeezed hard '' . Margaret Hogg suffocated and Peter wrapped her body in a carpet , tied it to a block of concrete , drove north overnight from Surrey and dumped the body in Wast Water lake in the Wasdale valley in the Lake District National Park , England . The body settled at a depth of 34 metres ( 110 ft ) , only a short distance away from much deeper parts of the deepest lake in England . Due to the lack of oxygen , her body did not decompose , but over time was preserved by the formation of adipocere . In 1983 , the lake was searched for the body of Veronique Mireille Marre , a missing French student . Subsequently , the remains of Margaret Hogg were found by a diver , Neil Pritt , in March 1984 , who initially thought them to be just a roll of old carpet . Shortly after the recovery , the body was identified by friends . The police investigation was made easier by noting the two sets of initials engraved on the inside of the gold wedding ring recovered from Margaret 's body . Her husband Peter , the prime suspect , initially denied the murder before giving a confession . He was sentenced to four years for manslaughter , obstructing a coroner , and perjury in his divorce proceedings . The body of Veronique Mireille Marre was eventually found in April 1984 . Her remains were found on a mountain at the bottom of a cliff , but no cause of death could be officially given .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "021a5ad46b86272c4fe350d693b6784b",
"text": "Arthur Koestler Arthur Koestler , CBE ( -LSB- ˈkɛstlər , _ ˈkɛslər -RSB- -LSB- ˈkœstlɐ -RSB- ; Kösztler Artúr 5 September 1905 -- 1 March 1983 ) was a Hungarian-British author and journalist . Koestler was born in Budapest and , apart from his early school years , was educated in Austria . In 1931 Koestler joined the Communist Party of Germany until , disillusioned by Stalinism , he resigned in 1938 . In 1940 he published his novel Darkness at Noon , an anti-totalitarian work that gained him international fame . Over the next 43 years , from his residence in Britain , Koestler espoused many political causes , and wrote novels , memoirs , biographies and numerous essays . In 1968 he was awarded the Sonning Prize `` for -LSB- his -RSB- outstanding contribution to European culture '' and in 1972 he was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire ( CBE ) . In 1976 he was diagnosed with Parkinson 's disease and in 1979 with terminal leukaemia . In 1983 he and his wife killed themselves at their home in London .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fd3b7d7b6a986db5fe4ddbdc9d3305d5",
"text": "Barbara Cartland Dame Barbara Cartland DBE CStJ ( 9 July 1901 -- 21 May 2000 ) , born as Mary Barbara Hamilton Cartland , was an English author of romance novels , one of the best-selling authors as well as one of the most prolific and commercially successful worldwide of the twentieth century . Her 723 novels were translated into 38 languages and she continues to be referenced in the Guinness World Records for the most novels published in a single year in 1976 . As Barbara Cartland she is known for her numerous romantic novels but she also wrote under her married name of Barbara McCorquodale and briefly under the pseudonym of Marcus Belfry . She wrote more than 700 books , as well as plays , music , verse , drama , magazine articles and operetta , and was a prominent philanthropist . She reportedly sold more than 750 million copies . Other sources estimate her book sales at more than two billion copies . She specialised in 19th-century Victorian era pure romance . Her novels all featured portrait-style artwork , particularly the cover art , usually designed by Frances Marshall . As head of Cartland Promotions , she also became one of London 's most prominent society figures , of the latter always presenting herself in pink gown and plumed hat , she was one of Britain 's most popular media personalities , right up until her death in 2000 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e62ed178ab06ba3ab5bc80d5a7201307",
"text": "Say It with Poison Say It With Poison ( 1991 ) is a whodunnit or mystery novel by Ann Granger . It is the first in a series of 15 ( as of 2004 ) Mitchell and Markby Mysteries . Although they feel curiously attracted to each other , the two protagonists who solve the case , Mitchell and Markby , are not a team . Rather , they work against each other . Meredith Mitchell , aged 35 at the beginning of the series , is a British civil servant who , unmarried and without relatives to take care of , embarks on a career in the diplomatic service and , at the beginning of the novel , has spent many years abroad , most recently in Yugoslavia . On her arrival back home , she metamorphoses into an amateur sleuth . Chief Inspector Alan Markby is a 42-year-old divorced policeman working from the fictitious town of Bamford somewhere in the Cotswolds . The two meet when the police have to investigate a death in a small village near Bamford where Mitchell is staying . Granger is renowned for writing traditional detective fiction but also for bringing the classic whodunnit up to date . As opposed to , say , Miss Marple 's St. Mary Mead , the village of Westerfield is a soulless place with a dwindling population , with all the young people leaving . There is no village shop ; no village school ; no doctor 's practice ; no vicarage , with the old church boarded up and only to be opened for special occasions . In spite of all that , the villagers are reluctant to accept , and suspicious of , any newcomers to their rural community .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0cb1b42e0a949eaf2cee3dadcf286880",
"text": "Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings . The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . '' Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy . Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . '' The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque . Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories . The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f61a6cf0c577f8e12ad6b5387942999a",
"text": "They Came to Baghdad They Came to Baghdad is an adventure novel by Agatha Christie , first published in the United Kingdom by the Collins Crime Club on 5 March 1951 and in the United States by Dodd , Mead and Company later in the same year . The UK edition retailed at eight shillings and sixpence ( 8/6 ) and the US edition at $ 2.50 . The book was inspired by Christie 's own trips to Baghdad with her second husband , archaeologist Sir Max Mallowan , and is also one of few Christie novels belonging to the action and spy fiction genres , rather than to mysteries and whodunnits .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4c06db2bff44e210e3a002e1892db83b",
"text": "Agatha Christie's fictional universe In Agatha Christie 's novels several characters cross over different sagas , creating a fictional universe in which most of her stories are set . The most notable example is the novel The Pale Horse , which features Ariadne Oliver , Major Despard and his wife Rhoda ( all had previously appeared on Cards on the Table ) and Mrs Dane Calthrop ( from The Moving Finger ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3294a615c4a0a6593ca6bf37e1441059",
"text": "Arthur Hastings Captain Arthur J. M. Hastings , OBE , is a fictional character created by Agatha Christie as the companion-chronicler and best friend of the Belgian detective , Hercule Poirot . He is first introduced in Christie 's 1920 novel The Mysterious Affair at Styles and appears as a character in eight other Poirot novels and plays , in addition to being the narrator of several others .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d863ac7bbe2c89f76a823817641afdeb",
"text": "Agatha Christie Award (Japan) The is a Japanese literary award established in 2010 in commemoration of the 120th anniversary of Agatha Christie 's birth . The award is presented by Hayakawa Publishing Corporation in association with the Agatha Christie Society , which is chaired by Mathew Pritchard , the grandson of Agatha Christie . It is the literary award for unpublished mystery novels . The winning work , which is selected from more than 100 entries , is published by Hayakawa Publishing Corporation and the winner receives a prize of 1,000,000 yen .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
851f9d10b1564e0f3f5569af19bb91e5 | Carrie Fisher was featured in a non-fiction book. | [
{
"docid": "04e271ec7f8dff1140504f42cd30e869",
"text": "Carrie Fisher Carrie Frances Fisher ( October 21 , 1956 -- December 27 , 2016 ) was an American actress , writer and humorist who first became known for playing Princess Leia in the Star Wars film series . Her other film roles included Shampoo ( 1975 ) , The Blues Brothers ( 1980 ) , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) , The ` Burbs ( 1989 ) , and When Harry Met Sally ... ( 1989 ) . Fisher wrote several semi-autobiographical novels , including Postcards from the Edge and the screenplay for the film of the book , as well as an autobiographical one-woman play , and its non-fiction book , Wishful Drinking , based on the play . She worked on other writers ' screenplays as a script doctor . In later years , she earned praise for speaking publicly about her experiences with bipolar disorder and drug addiction . The daughter of the singer Eddie Fisher and actress Debbie Reynolds , Fisher and her mother appear in Bright Lights : Starring Carrie Fisher and Debbie Reynolds , a 2016 documentary about their relationship . It premiered at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival . Fisher died of cardiac arrest on December 27 , 2016 , at age 60 , four days after experiencing a medical emergency during a transatlantic flight from London to Los Angeles . Her final film , Star Wars : The Last Jedi , is scheduled to be released on December 15 , 2017 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1d4310705b130132191b895c21604480",
"text": "Wishful Drinking Wishful Drinking is an autobiographical humor book by American actress and author Carrie Fisher , published by Simon & Schuster in 2008 . Fisher 's book was based on her one-woman stage show , which she developed with writer/director Joshua Ravetch . The show debuted at The Geffen Playhouse with Ravetch directing . It enjoyed a successful Broadway run and then toured in other cities . In 2010 , HBO filmed a feature-length documentary of the stage play .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "bd3645e2774241e330dd56cffcef67f9",
"text": "Caren Lissner Caren Lissner is an American novelist , essayist , and newspaper editor . Her published novels include Carrie Pilby ( 2003 ) and Starting from Square Two ( 2004 ) . She has also published humorous essays and satire in The New York Times , The Philadelphia Inquirer , and McSweeney 's Internet Tendency . She is editor-in-chief of the Hudson Reporter group of newspapers based in Hoboken , New Jersey . Her novel Carrie Pilby was re-released July 1 , 2010 by Harlequin Teen and is being made into an independent film starring Bel Powley and Nathan Lane Lissner was born in 1973 , grew up in Freehold Township , New Jersey , and attended Laura Donovan School and Barkalow Middle School . She graduated from Cedar Ridge High School in Old Bridge Township , New Jersey and the University of Pennsylvania , where she wrote for the student newspaper , the Daily Pennsylvanian , and was a member of the Philomathean Society .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cb72b06f9c1e0a67d22e3bc5ff4fe4b2",
"text": "The Science of Interstellar The Science of Interstellar is a non-fiction book by American theoretical physicist Kip Thorne with the foreword by Christopher Nolan . The book was initially published on November 7 , 2014 by W. W. Norton & Company . This is his second full-size book for non-scientists after Black Holes and Time Warps , released in 1994 . The Science of Interstellar is a follow-up text for the 2014 movie Interstellar , starring Matthew McConaughey , Anne Hathaway , and Jessica Chastain .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2e787bcb9c635b97b06f471b9c178424",
"text": "Laurence James Ludovici Laurence James Ludovici is an American non-fiction author .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "698615794695352306131ed4c420c109",
"text": "Carrie Anne `` Carrie Anne '' is a song written by Allan Clarke , Graham Nash , and Tony Hicks and released by British pop rock group The Hollies . The song was recorded on 1 May 1967 and was released as a single in the same month by Parlophone Records in the United Kingdom and Epic Records in the United States . It became a hit in 1967 , reaching # 3 on the UK Singles Chart . It was also a hit in the US and Canada , peaking at # 9 on both pop charts . It also reached No. 4 in the Irish charts . Actress Carrie-Anne Moss was named ( by her mother ) in honor of the song , which was released three months before her birth .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "eb8f93b76ad87202db3b5f25fa326589",
"text": "Firebrand Books Firebrand Books is a publishing house established in 1984 by Nancy K. Bereano -- a lesbian/feminist activist in Ithaca , NY . Karen Oosterhouse , publisher since 2003 , describes Firebrand as `` the independent publisher of record for feminist and lesbian fiction and nonfiction , '' championing `` authors whose work has been marginalized : women of color , women coming out of poverty , transwomen , the genderqueer , and other underrepresented voices . '' It is among the many feminist and lesbian publishing houses that grew out of the Women 's Press Movement ; other presses of that period include Naiad Books , Persephone and Kitchen Table : Women of Color Press . From 1984 to 2000 , Firebrand Books published literary fiction , nonfiction , and poetry on lesbian and feminist themes , placing publisher Nancy Bereano `` at the forefront of lesbian and small press publishing . '' Firebrand was the first publisher of Dorothy Allison 's short story collection Trash , which subsequently won double Lambda Literary Awards in the categories of Lesbian Fiction and Small Press , and of the `` Dykes to Watch Out For '' series by Alison Bechdel . The press has published poetry , fiction , and non-fiction by many luminary authors , including Jewelle Gomez , Leslie Feinberg , Cheryl Clarke , Ruthann Robson , Lesléa Newman , Mab Segrest , Leslie Feinberg , Judith Katz , Audre Lorde , and Minnie Bruce Pratt , earning four American Library Association Gay/Lesbian/Bisexual Book Awards and 12 Lambda Literary Awards , including the Publisher 's Service Award for Bereano , in 1996 . On Bereano 's influential role as an editor and publisher , Alison Bechdel writes : `` she discovered me and published my first book when I was a punk kid ... She also urged me to write a graphic novel long before the current craze , and that was the beginning of Fun Home . '' Bereano has emphasized the importance of small independent presses in supporting and promoting `` new ways of thinking , '' especially for readers marginalized by large publishing houses . Citing her experiences publishing the work of Audre Lorde , Bereano writes : The fact that -LSB- Lorde 's -RSB- prose was published exclusively by small independently owned women 's presses was both a result of the major houses ' narrow perspective and the fact that Audre Lorde 's prose , particularly her myth-shattering essays , was instrumental in framing a changing reality for many women , primarily lesbian women ( a readership long dismissed by the mainstream publishing world ) . After Bereano 's retirement in 1994 , Firebrand Books was sold , first to distributor LPC Group , and eventually to Karen Oosterhouse , who relocated the press from Ithaca to Ann Arbor , Michigan , in 2003 . In a 2009 interview , Oosterhouse stated that , `` perhaps there will come a day when there is no longer a need for a specifically lesbian and feminist press , but for now Firebrand is that press . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0aa91c02870ef90685efbf4801f0797d",
"text": "The Cancer Journals The Cancer Journals is a 1980 book of non-fiction by Audre Lorde . It deals with her struggle with breast cancer .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e24a9729571cfc99217e272e518fdd62",
"text": "Carrie Pilby Carrie Pilby is a coming-of-age novel by Caren Lissner , first published by Red Dress Ink in 2003 , then re-released on July 1 , 2010 for teenage readers under the new imprint Harlequin Teen . It was among the first novels published by Harlequin Enterprises 's Red Dress Ink imprint , an imprint created primarily to take advantage of the then-burgeoning `` chick lit '' phenomenon that included humorous books about young single women like Bridget Jones ' Diary . In its first incarnation , Carrie Pilby was noted in various newspaper articles as one of the smarter and more original novels in the genre . It proved successful , selling more than 50,000 copies . Neil Genzlinger of The New York Times referred to the novel as `` hilarious '' in an August 10 , 2003 story . After the chick lit market became saturated , Harlequin stopped publishing novels under the Red Dress Ink imprint in 2009 , but Carrie Pilby was selected to be re-published on July 1 , 2010 as one of the first books in the new Harlequin Teen line for teenagers . It was republished with a new cover for teens and some of the technology referred to in the novel was slightly modernized ( Carrie was now renting DVDs instead of videos ) . The novel was released in France on June 1 , 2010 as one of the first four titles released under the French Harlequin imprint for teens , Darkiss .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e51c3f6f3337a9e12113bc9ff7718086",
"text": "Cathleen Miller Cathleen Miller is an internationally best-selling American nonfiction writer based in California . Her 2013 book , Champion of Choice , is the biography of United Nations leader Nafis Sadik . She is also the author of Desert Flower ( 1998 ) , co-written with Waris Dirie -- a Somali nomad turned model turned activist -- who shared her experience with female genital mutilation to bring about global awareness . The book has been cited by the United Nations as having played a major role in the advocacy against female genital mutilation . Desert Flower was made into a feature film in 2009 and released in 34 countries . The print version sold over 11 million copies worldwide and has been translated into more than 55 languages .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "63fca52fb9919b3c047695d4fdd0fe86",
"text": "The New York Times Non-Fiction Best Sellers of 1984 This is a list of adult non-fiction books that topped The New York Times Non-Fiction Best Seller list in 1984 . The distinct list for `` Advice , How-To , and Miscellaneous '' debuted January 1 , 1984 . Its number one bestseller ( The Body Principal by Victoria Principal ) had been number ten and number twelve on the non-fiction lists for the two preceding weeks .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9f3b1c2c6da30aeacaa3e1e2ac35a336",
"text": "Requiem (Fisher novel) Requiem is a novel by the American writer A. E. Fisher set during the Great Depression in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania . It tells the story of a week in the life of a family of six struggling to survive .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "56a5e264a39b77d0657273bdc0141b8b",
"text": "Girl Trouble (book) Girl Trouble : Panic and Progress in the History of Young Women is a book about the media hysteria that accompanied the behavior of young women in the 20th century , written by Carol Dyhouse and published by Fernwood Publishing in 2014 . Upon publication the book was positively reviewed by critics .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1c6baadd89bd861e8d9a34276fabe9e2",
"text": "LGBT topics in Singaporean literature This article deals with writing that deals with LGBT themes in a Singapore context . It covers literary works of fiction , such as novels , short stories , plays and poems . It also includes non-fiction works , both scholarly and targeted at the general reader , such as dissertations , journal or magazine articles , books and even web-based content . Although Singapore lacks a dedicated gay book publisher or gay bookshop , it does have at least one dedicated gay library , Pelangi Pride Centre , which is open weekly to the public . Many of the works cited here may be found both in Pelangi Pride Centre , as well as the National Library or other academic libraries in Singapore , as well as in some commercial bookshops under ` gender studies ' sections .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7ed1623ff8b79a7b04c8177bd005e2bf",
"text": "Frederick Douglass Prize The Frederick Douglass Book Prize is awarded annually by the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History at Yale University . It is a $ 25,000 award for the most outstanding non-fiction book in English on the subject of slavery , abolition or antislavery movements .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "db007fd233282c90b175313c90931802",
"text": "Nora Fisher McMillan Born Eleanor Fisher , the first of Ernest and Janet Fisher 's two daughters , in Belfast on 16 March 1908 , but known even then as `` Nora '' , Nora Fisher McMillan , as she became , was a larger-than-life self-taught expert in natural history , especially conchology , specialising in post-glacial fresh-water Mollusca , but with broad academic interests in the history of natural history , geology and other areas , as well as being a keen amateur botanist , naturalist and local historian . She wrote prolifically , with over 400 publications to her name . She moved to Liverpool in 1933 and , with a short interruption due to her marriage in 1937 , worked for the Liverpool Museum until her retirement in 2000 at the age of 92 . By the time of her death in 2003 , she had become almost the last direct link with two generations of Irish and British Victorian conchologists who brought distinction to the subject through their personal research and field collecting . Largely self-taught , she was conferred an Honorary MSc by the University of Liverpool in 1991 , was President of the Conchological Society of Great Britain and Ireland , and was elected a Member of the Royal Irish Academy in 1970 . She received an MBE for her life 's work in 1992 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5dd69c252f9d6fe47de2bd3dccd5370f",
"text": "What Mrs. Fisher Knows About Old Southern Cooking What Mrs. Fisher Knows About Old Southern Cooking is a cookbook published in 1881 by former slave Abby Fisher , who had moved from Mobile , Alabama , to San Francisco . It is one of the first cookbooks written by an African-American .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9e591d2d303f3f9d84ad27d3e9e4e5b7",
"text": "Silent Cinema in India Silent Cinema in India - A Pictorial Journey is a 2012 Indian English language non-fiction book , written by B D Garga and published by Harper Collins India . It won the 2012 National Film Award for Best Book on Cinema",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1bb9fad08108f0ef56738a4a63578ba6",
"text": "Summer and the City Summer and the City is a young-adult novel written by Candace Bushnell . The sequel to The Carrie Diaries and the prequel to Sex and the City , it was first released as a hardcover on April 26 , 2011 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7ce8a6ef0f054fc4d038fb5af17a3a7e",
"text": "Science book A science book is a work of nonfiction , usually written by a scientist , researcher , or professor like Stephen Hawking ( A Brief History of Time ) , or sometimes by a non-scientist such as Bill Bryson ( A Short History of Nearly Everything ) . Usually these books are written for a wide audience presumed to have a general education rather than a specifically scientific training , as opposed to the very narrow audience that a scientific paper would have , and are therefore referred to as popular science . As such , they require considerable talent on the part of the author to sufficiently explain difficult topics to people who are totally new to the subject , and a good blend of storytelling and technical writing . In the UK , the Royal Society Prizes for Science Books are considered to be the most prestigious awards for science writing . In the US , the National Book Awards briefly had a category for science writing in the 1960s , but now they just have the broad categories of fiction and nonfiction . There are many disciplines that are well explained to lay people through science books . A few examples include Carl Sagan on astronomy , Jared Diamond on geography , Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Dawkins on evolutionary biology , David Eagleman on neuroscience , Donald Norman on usability and cognitive psychology , Steven Pinker , Noam Chomsky , and Robert Ornstein on linguistics and cognitive science , Donald Johanson and Robert Ardrey on paleoanthropology , and Desmond Morris on zoology and anthropology , and Fulvio Melia on black holes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d49d1a3d471a99358d2d19de61ce3bc9",
"text": "Food Fray Food Fray is a 2009 non-fiction book by molecular biologist Lisa H. Weasel that details the story of genetically modified food in the United States .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cf84c1afeadcc0f66478c48da7acfc51",
"text": "On Directing Film On Directing Film is a non-fiction book by American playwright and filmmaker David Mamet ( ISBN 0-670-83033-X ) published in 1991 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
511ae7a37e5220449d3f99f97d9698ce | Return of the Jedi was a Star Wars film. | [
{
"docid": "1449a7429f9d57e51d1995b631da4688",
"text": "Return of the Jedi Return of the Jedi ( also known as Star Wars : Episode VI -- Return of the Jedi ) is a 1983 American epic space opera film directed by Richard Marquand . The screenplay by Lawrence Kasdan and George Lucas was from a story by Lucas , who was also the executive producer . It was the third and final installment in the original Star Wars trilogy and the first film to use THX technology . The film is set one year after The Empire Strikes Back and was produced by Howard Kazanjian for Lucasfilm Ltd. . The film stars Mark Hamill , Harrison Ford , Carrie Fisher , Billy Dee Williams , Anthony Daniels , David Prowse , Kenny Baker , Peter Mayhew and Frank Oz . The Galactic Empire , under the direction of the ruthless Emperor , is constructing a second Death Star in order to crush the Rebel Alliance once and for all . Since the Emperor plans to personally oversee the final stages of its construction , the Rebel Fleet launches a full-scale attack on the Death Star in order to prevent its completion and kill the Emperor , effectively bringing an end to the Empire 's hold over the galaxy . Meanwhile , Luke Skywalker , a Jedi apprentice , struggles to bring his father Darth Vader back to the Light Side of the Force . David Lynch and David Cronenberg were considered to direct the project before Marquand signed on as director . The production team relied on Lucas ' storyboards during pre-production . While writing the shooting script , Lucas , Kasdan , Marquand , and producer Howard Kazanjian spent two weeks in conference discussing ideas to construct it . Kazanjian 's schedule pushed shooting to begin a few weeks early to allow Industrial Light & Magic more time to work on the film 's effects in post-production . Filming took place in England , California , and Arizona from January to . Strict secrecy surrounded the production and the film used the working title Blue Harvest to prevent price gouging . The film was released in theaters on May 25 , 1983 , six years to the day after the release of the first film , receiving mostly positive reviews . The film grossed between $ 475 million and $ 572 million worldwide . Several home video and theatrical releases and revisions to the film followed over the next 20 years . Star Wars continued with Episode I : The Phantom Menace as part of the film series ' prequel trilogy . A sequel , Star Wars : The Force Awakens , was released on December 18 , 2015 , as part of the new sequel trilogy .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "90690975090f37a2e1ce733d69ecde25",
"text": "Star Wars (film) Star Wars ( later retitled Star Wars : Episode IV -- A New Hope ) is a 1977 American epic space opera film written and directed by George Lucas . The first installment in the Star Wars film series , it stars Mark Hamill , Harrison Ford , Carrie Fisher , Peter Cushing , and Alec Guinness . David Prowse , James Earl Jones , Anthony Daniels , Kenny Baker , and Peter Mayhew co-star in supporting roles . The film 's plot focuses on the Rebel Alliance , led by Princess Leia ( Fisher ) , and its attempt to destroy the Galactic Empire 's space station , the Death Star . This conflict disrupts the isolated life of farmhand Luke Skywalker ( Hamill ) , who inadvertently acquires a pair of droids that possess stolen architectural plans for the Death Star . When the Empire begins a destructive search for the missing droids , Skywalker accompanies Jedi Master Obi-Wan Kenobi ( Guinness ) on a mission to return the plans to the Rebel Alliance and rescue Leia from her imprisonment by the Empire . Star Wars was released theatrically in the United States on May 25 , 1977 . It earned $ 461 million in the U.S. and $ 314 million overseas , totaling $ 775 million . It surpassed Jaws ( 1975 ) to become the highest-grossing film of all time until the release of E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial ( 1982 ) . When adjusted for inflation , Star Wars is the second-highest-grossing film in North America , and the third-highest-grossing film in the world . It received ten Academy Award nominations ( including Best Picture ) , winning seven . It was among the first films to be selected as part of the U.S. Library of Congress ' National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . At the time , it was the most recent film on the registry and the only one chosen from the 1970s . Its soundtrack was added to the U.S. National Recording Registry in 2004 . Today , it is often regarded as one of the best films of all time , as well as one of the most important films in the history of motion pictures . It launched an industry of tie-in products , including TV series spinoffs , novels , comic books , and video games , and merchandise including toys , games and clothing . The film 's success led to two critically and commercially successful sequels , The Empire Strikes Back ( 1980 ) and Return of the Jedi ( 1983 ) . Star Wars was reissued multiple times at Lucas ' behest , incorporating many changes including modified computer-generated effects , altered dialogue , re-edited shots , remixed soundtracks , and added scenes . A prequel trilogy was released from 1999 to 2005 , followed by a sequel trilogy beginning in 2015 . In 2016 , Rogue One was released as a direct prequel to the original Star Wars film .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "736706b9b70769e015cecd61e8a7b180",
"text": "Star Wars Episode I: Obi-Wan's Adventures Star Wars Episode I : Obi-Wan 's Adventures is a video game that chronicles the events of the film Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace from the character Obi-Wan Kenobi 's perspective . It is the result of an agreement made in 2000 between the two video game publishers LucasArts and THQ . The agreement allows THQ to turn LucasArts licenses into games for the hand held console Game Boy Color , the first being Obi-Wan 's Adventures . THQ published the game and HotGen developed it . It was released on November 27 , 2000 . The story of Obi-Wan 's Adventures is set in the middle of a conflict in the Galactic Republic ; the antagonistic Trade Federation and the evil Sith Lord are planning to take control of the galaxy . In the game , the player operates the character Obi-Wan Kenobi as he fights the forces of the Trade Federation which culminates in a battle against Darth Maul . His weapons include a lightsaber , a blaster , and use of the Force . Since its release , Obi-Wan 's Adventures has received mixed reviews . The game has been criticized for its visuals and controls , but praised for its sound design and creative levels .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e8d50a745d3fb292cb2de094b753a914",
"text": "Strategic Defense Initiative The Strategic Defense Initiative ( SDI ) was a proposed missile defense system intended to protect the United States from attack by ballistic strategic nuclear weapons ( intercontinental ballistic missiles and submarine-launched ballistic missiles ) . The system , which was to combine ground-based units and orbital deployment platforms , was first publicly announced by President Ronald Reagan on March 23 , 1983 . The initiative focused on strategic defense rather than the prior strategic offense doctrine of mutual assured destruction ( MAD ) . The Strategic Defense Initiative Organization ( SDIO ) was set up in 1984 within the United States Department of Defense to oversee the Strategic Defense Initiative . Reagan was a vocal critic of MAD doctrine . SDI was an important part of his defense policy intended to end MAD as a nuclear deterrence strategy , as well as a strategic initiative to neutralize the military component of the Soviet Union 's nuclear defenses . The ambitious initiative was criticized for allegedly threatening to destabilize the MAD-approach and to possibly re-ignite `` an offensive arms race '' . SDI was nicknamed largely in the mainstream media as `` Star Wars '' , after the popular 1977 film by George Lucas . In 1987 , the American Physical Society concluded that a global shield such as `` Star Wars '' was extremely ambitious and with existing technology not directly feasible for operational status , and that about ten more years of research was needed to learn about such a comprehensive and complex system to set up and make it fully operational . Under the SDIO 's Innovative Sciences and Technology Office , headed by physicist and engineer Dr. James Ionson , the investment was predominantly made in basic research at national laboratories , universities , and in industry ; these programs have continued to be key sources of funding for top research scientists in the fields of high-energy physics , supercomputing/computation , advanced materials , and many other critical science and engineering disciplines -- funding which indirectly supports other research work by top scientists , and which was most politically viable to fund within the budget environment . Laser research funded by the SDI office was disclosed at laser conferences that also included panel discussions on the subject with the participation of James Ionson , Edward Teller , and other prominent advocates of SDI . During the administration of President Bill Clinton in 1993 , the SDIO 's name was changed to the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization ( BMDO ) and its focus shifted from national missile defense to theater missile defense ; and its scope from global to more regional coverage . It was never truly developed or deployed , though certain aspects of SDI research and technologies paved the way for some anti-ballistic missile systems of today . BMDO was renamed to the Missile Defense Agency in 2002 . This article covers defense efforts under the SDIO . Today , the United States holds a significant advantage in the field of comprehensive advanced missile defense systems through years of extensive research and testing . The US and the UK also have both laser weapons and 360 degree laser shields in development , which are expected to be ready for military use as early as 2020 . Many of the obtained technological insights were transferred to subsequent programs and would find use in follow-up programs .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d914ef2eb5e19915089aca80a351b873",
"text": "Millennium Falcon The Millennium Falcon is a spaceship in the Star Wars universe commanded at one time by Corellian smuggler Han Solo ( Harrison Ford ) and his Wookiee first mate , Chewbacca ( Peter Mayhew ) . The highly modified Corellian Engineering Corporation ( CEC ) YT-1300 light freighter first appears in Star Wars ( 1977 ) , and subsequently in The Empire Strikes Back ( 1980 ) , Return of the Jedi ( 1983 ) and The Force Awakens ( 2015 ) . The ship also makes a brief cameo appearance in Revenge of the Sith ( 2005 ) . Additionally , the Falcon appears in a variety of Star Wars expanded universe materials , including books , comics , and games ; James Luceno 's novel Millennium Falcon focuses on the titular ship . It also appears in the 2014 animated film The Lego Movie in Lego form , with Billy Dee Williams and Anthony Daniels reprising their roles of Lando Calrissian and C-3PO , with Keith Ferguson voicing Han Solo .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "144128063fc1a628c70a943b05a2b0bc",
"text": "Star Wars Combine Star Wars Combine ( SWC ) is a real-time massively multiplayer online browser game , set in the Star Wars universe as a persistent world . It was released in December 1998 as a sort of continuation of a game that existed between the mid-90s and summer 1998 known as Star Wars Simulation . When the Sim Master disappeared suddenly - and the servers were shut down soon after - some players of that stranded community decided to create their own version of the game that evolved a lot through the years and took its own path . Combine is not licensed by LucasArts , but is permitted to use the setting . Star Wars Combine was ranked 88th in the Top 100 games of All-Time by PC Gamer in its March 2012 issue . The graphic interface of the game is a means to facilitate the meeting of the international community on the forums and IRC channels . Due to the nature of such role-playing based games , it is a commonly shared feeling to be lost after one 's own character is created , and as a result of this help , suggestions , tips from others are often required to perform some of the basic actions available to a player .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3dc96ad219da48d7f61aab9ac54248de",
"text": "The People vs. George Lucas The People vs. George Lucas is a 2010 documentary comedy film directed by Swiss director Alexandre O. Philippe . It explores the issues of filmmaking and fanaticism pertaining to the Star Wars franchise and its creator , George Lucas . The film combines filmmaker and celebrity interviews with fan films , mainly taken from the 2010 online video Star Wars Uncut , which were submitted via the film 's site . Interviewees include a variety of figures such as Neil Gaiman , MC Frontalot and Gary Kurtz . Lucas himself appears frequently in archival footage , but is never interviewed directly . The film discusses the extent to which the Star Wars franchise is an artistic creation of Lucas and subject to his vision versus a social phenomenon that belongs to the general public of fans and their participatory/remix culture . The film is dedicated to interviewee Jason Nicholl , a blogger at nukethefridge.com who died before the film 's release . The film was released on DVD on October 25 , 2011 . In June 2014 , it was reported that a sequel , titled The People vs. George Lucas -- Episode II , is in development .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2ab6dc1a2120b76e9aada80ff2f0501f",
"text": "The Rise and Fall of Darth Vader The Rise and Fall of Darth Vader is a young adult novel set in the Star Wars universe . It tells the complete story of the title character from his introduction in Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace to his death in Return of the Jedi , chronicling his early life as a slave on Tatooine to his transformation to the Sith Lord title character to his ultimate redemption . The hard cover book , which is 211 pages , was written by Ryder Windham and published in October 2007 . Anakin 's story begins when he is taken with his mother to be a slave to Gardulla the Hutt , rival of Jabba the Hutt , on Tatooine . The story continues from there through the rest of the Star Wars films . In 2008 , a sequel was published by Windham titled The Life and Legend of Obi-Wan Kenobi , which follows the complete story of Obi-Wan Kenobi in the complete saga . In 2009 , another sequel followed titled A New Hope : The Life of Luke Skywalker , telling the story of the Luke Skywalker throughout the Star Wars films .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c4765b9e0692641feaf7c2aa2d4f2c8a",
"text": "Star Wars Holiday Special The Star Wars Holiday Special is a 1978 American musical science fiction television film set in the Star Wars galaxy . It stars the series ' first film 's main cast while introducing the character Boba Fett , who would appear in later films . It is one of the first official Star Wars spin-offs and was directed by Steve Binder . In the storyline that ties the special together , Chewbacca and Han Solo visit Kashyyyk , Chewbacca 's home world , to celebrate Life Day . They are pursued by agents of the Galactic Empire , who are searching for members of the Rebel Alliance on the planet . The special introduces three members of Chewbacca 's family : his father Itchy , his wife Malla , and his son Lumpy , though these names were later explained to have been nicknames , their full names being Attichitcuk , Mallatobuck , and Lumpawarrump , respectively . The program also features many other Star Wars characters , including Luke Skywalker , C-3PO , R2-D2 , Darth Vader and Princess Leia ( who sings the film 's `` theme song '' , set to the music of John Williams ' Star Wars theme , near the end ) , all of them portrayed by the original actors . The program includes stock footage from Star Wars , and also features a cartoon produced by Toronto-based Nelvana that officially introduces the bounty hunter Boba Fett . Scenes also take place in outer space and in spacecraft including the Millennium Falcon and an Imperial Star Destroyer . The variety-show segments and cartoon also take place in a few other locales , such as a Mos Eisley cantina on the desert planet of Tatooine and a newly introduced red ocean planet known as Panna . The special is notorious for its extremely negative reception and has never been rebroadcast or officially released on home video . It has therefore become something of a cultural legend , because of the `` underground '' quality of its existence . It has been viewed and distributed in off-air recordings made from its original telecast by fans , which were later adapted to content-sharing websites via the Internet and bootleg copies .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ae880f779babc36e7dcc4490867782ce",
"text": "Naboo Naboo is a planet in the fictional Star Wars universe with a mostly green terrain and which is the homeworld of two societies : the Gungans who dwell in underwater cities and the humans who live in colonies on the surface . Humans of Naboo have an electoral monarchy and maintain a peaceful culture that defends education , the arts , environmental protection and scientific achievements . The main capital of Naboo is Theed . Located in the Chommell sector , Naboo is the home planet of Padmé Amidala and Jar Jar Binks , as well as Senator ( later Supreme Chancellor and then Emperor ) Palpatine . In Star Wars : Episode I -- The Phantom Menace , it was the site of a blockade by the Trade Federation and the Battle of Naboo between the Federation and the native inhabitants . Naboo is seen in four films in the Star Wars series , having a prominent role in the first two prequels and glimpsed briefly in Revenge of the Sith and the 2004 DVD release of Return of the Jedi . Theed 's architecture , while referencing Ancient Rome and other classical traditions , was heavily inspired by the Frank Lloyd Wright-designed Marin County Civic Center in California . ( Skywalker Ranch and Industrial Light & Magic are both based in Marin County . )",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6",
"text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f5063cd35e2d77e04bd015be36d17b4b",
"text": "Star Wars: Battlefront II Star Wars : Battlefront II is a 2005 first - and third-person shooter video game based on the Star Wars film franchise . Developed by Pandemic Studios and published by LucasArts it is a sequel to 2004 's Star Wars : Battlefront and the second game in the Battlefront series . The game was released in PAL regions on October 31 , 2005 , on the PlayStation 2 , PlayStation Portable ( PSP ) , Microsoft Windows , and Xbox platforms , and in North America on November 1 of the same year . It was later updated to be backwards compatible for the Xbox 360 . It was also released on the PlayStation Store on October 20 , 2009 , for download on the PSP . The PSP version was developed by Savage Entertainment . The game features new vehicles , characters , game mechanics , maps , and missions compared to the original Battlefront . Unlike its predecessor , Battlefront II features a more narrative-based campaign , retelling portions of the Star Wars story from the point of view of a veteran Imperial stormtrooper , reminiscing about his tour of duty in service of both the Galactic Republic and as part of the Galactic Empire . Gameplay additions over Battlefront include the use of Jedi , additional game modes such as hero assault , and objective-based space battles . Battlefront II was well received , with the PlayStation 2 and Xbox versions scoring in the mid 80s at aggregators GameRankings and Metacritic . The PC version scored slightly lower at both sites , scoring a 76.60 % at GameRankings and 78 at Metacritic . The PSP version was the worst received , scoring 70.93 % at GameRankings and 69 at Metacritic . Reviewers generally praised the narrative-based story ; however , some felt that the upgrades from the original were not enough to merit the price . Like the original game , it was a commercial success . GameSpy Technology scheduled a shut-down across all titles using the service for May 31 , 2014 , which included Star Wars : Battlefront II for PC , PS2 , and Xbox . Electronic Arts announced it would extend support for Battlefront II until June 30 , 2014 . The extended support ended on July 25 , 2014 , taking all GameSpy online video games across all platforms offline . The Windows version was added to a list of supported games on GameRanger on May 31 , 2014 , which allows for continued online play .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7a65be53f7afea1db11725e246615a85",
"text": "Star Wars: The Interactive Video Board Game Star Wars : The Interactive Video Board Game : Assault on the Death Star is a board game and accompanying VHS video tape , released by Parker Brothers in 1996 . It is notable for including newly shot scenes twenty years after the first Star Wars film , featuring Darth Vader walking down the halls of the original Death Star set , in a performance reprised by David Prowse , James Earl Jones , and director of photography Gilbert Taylor . The game led to the canonization of four new characters in the Star Wars universe .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0409d056ee37ab2a3c4714b3038c3457",
"text": "Star Wars: Force Commander Star Wars : Force Commander is a real-time strategy video game released for the Microsoft Windows platform on March 21 , 2000 . It was co-developed by Ronin Entertainment and LucasArts , and published by LucasArts . Its plot interweaves between Star Wars : A New Hope and Return of the Jedi , taking in key battles . Peter McConnell created remixed tracks of John Williams ' original score using influenced from hard rock and techno music . Reception by critics was mixed , with aggregate website GameRankings reporting a 58.42 % approval rating . Critics cited poor controls as a primary issue . Reviewers were divided on the quality of the game 's visuals , with some feeling they were dated , and others of the opinion that they were strong . Gameplay was generally considered simplified in comparison to other real-time strategy games .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "213a1a3c1b44bef215871fc89dba2959",
"text": "Elstree 1976 Elstree 1976 is a 2015 documentary film about the making of the original Star Wars film and the legacy that it left behind .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "62a76004cc7c2110bf799438186bc5b9",
"text": "James Bond The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming , who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections . Since Fleming 's death in 1964 , eight other authors have written authorised Bond novels or novelizations : Kingsley Amis , Christopher Wood , John Gardner , Raymond Benson , Sebastian Faulks , Jeffery Deaver , William Boyd and Anthony Horowitz . The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz , published in September 2015 . Additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond , and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character , Moneypenny . The character has also been adapted for television , radio , comic strip , video games and film . The films are the longest continually running film series of all time and have grossed over $ 7.040 billion in total , making it the fourth-highest-grossing film series to date , which started in 1962 with Dr. No , starring Sean Connery as Bond . As of , there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series . The most recent Bond film , Spectre ( 2015 ) , stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond ; he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series . There have also been two independent productions of Bond films : Casino Royale ( a 1967 spoof ) and Never Say Never Again ( a 1983 remake of an earlier Eon-produced film , Thunderball ) . In 2015 , the franchise was estimated to be worth $ 19.9 billion , making James Bond one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . The Bond films are renowned for a number of features , including the musical accompaniment , with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions , and two wins . Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bond 's cars , his guns , and the gadgets with which he is supplied by Q Branch . The films are also noted for Bond 's relationships with various women , who are sometimes referred to as `` Bond girls '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "520d79c182d66501e3ec76614a3f4e02",
"text": "Children of the Jedi Children of the Jedi is a 1995 Star Wars novel by American writer Barbara Hambly . The novel is set several months after the Jedi Academy Trilogy in the Star Wars expanded universe timeline . Moreover , it serves as book one in a three book cycle involving Callista , an ex-Jedi Knight . The next book in the cycle is Darksaber by Kevin J. Anderson . Hambly also wrote the final novel in the cycle , Planet of Twilight .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659",
"text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ea76b2d825921812864226e0dde5ba0b",
"text": "Star Wars Action News Star Wars Action News is a podcast that describes itself as `` the first and only podcast dedicated to Star Wars collecting . '' The show is hosted by Arnie and Marjorie Carvalho , a married couple from Illinois , who were described by Lucasfilm as `` some of the biggest Star Wars collectors in the world '' . Regular segments include reports of the latest Star Wars merchandise available in stores and online , reviews of Star Wars comics and novels , and an Ebay item of the Week focusing on weird Star Wars items , such as a chicken nugget shaped like Jabba the Hutt . One of the most popular segments is the weekly destruction of a classic `` Star Wars '' collectible . The show also reviews high-end collectibles , such as Master Replicas and Gentle Giant items . The show regularly has ongoing series including `` Collecting 101 '' series which provides a basic overview of being a Star Wars collector including what to buy and how to care for a collection , and `` 30 years of Collecting '' which reviewed an item released each year from 1977 through 2007 . There have also been interviews on the show with many Star Wars personalities such as Samuel L. Jackson and Steve Sansweet , Robot Chicken creators Seth Green and Matthew Senreich , and various Star Wars authors including Alan Dean Foster , Donald F. Glut , James Kahn , L. Neil Smith , Troy Denning , Aaron Allston , Karen Traviss , James Luceno , and Timothy Zahn . Musician Richard Cheese was also interviewed discussing his rendition of the Imperial March . The show has covered New York Toy Fair from 2007 through 2010 , San Diego Comic Con from 2006 to 2010 as well as Star Wars Celebration IV in 2007 , Star Wars Celebration Europe in 2007 , Star Wars Celebration Japan in 2008 , and Star Wars Celebration 5 in 2010 . The hosts performed a live show in 2009 at San Diego Comic Con on the Kotobukiya Stage where they interviewed Steve Sansweet , Robot Chicken writers Dan Milano , Doug Goldstein , and Mike Fasolo , authors Gus Lopez and Duncan Jenkins , as well as several representatives from Star Wars collectible manufacturers . In addition , the hosts have performed several panels at various conventions across the United States including Pittsburgh ComicCon , Star Wars Celebration 4 , and Star Wars Celebration 5 . Star Wars Action News also has several spin-off podcasts , including Republic Forces Radio Network where a panel of hosts review each episode of the Clone Wars animated series , and The Star Wars Action News Book Club reviewing all the Star Wars novels released . This podcast was featured on G4 's Attack of the Show segment Blog Watch on June 11 , 2007 as well as in the film documentary The Force Among Us . The show had a featured article in the book Star Wars Super Collector 's Wish Book : Identification & Values by Geoffrey T. Carlton .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "60658c997ba728e06264b6919e3446cd",
"text": "Star Wars: Dawn of the Jedi Star Wars : Dawn of the Jedi is an American comic book series set in the Star Wars universe . The series , published by Dark Horse Comics , is written by John Ostrander and illustrated by Jan Duursema . It is set in the earliest days of the Jedi Order , beginning in 36,453 BBY ( Before the Battle of Yavin ) . A preview issue , # 0 , was released on February 1 , 2012 , and followed by the first issue on February 15 , 2012 . Dawn of the Jedi ended after the third arc , since Marvel Comics acquired the Star Wars comic license in 2015 . The miniseries concluded with the last issue Force Wars # 5 having been released March 19 , 2014 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "084998a783dbe132867d4b63c2c55dcc",
"text": "Star Wars Scrapbook Star Wars Scrapbook is a book with pull-out reproductions of Star Wars merchandise/artifacts , in a similar fashion to the books Greetings From E Street : The Story of Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band and Tupac Shakur Legacy . Written by Stephen J. Sansweet , a former reporter for The Wall Street Journal , it contains pictures of Star Wars merchandise as well as a copy of an invitation to a San Francisco press screening of Return of the Jedi , a reprint of the first newsletter of the Official Star Wars Fan Club , and a C-3PO cut out mask . Also included were Movie posters , a punch out X-wing glider and backstage passes to the filming of The Empire Strikes Back . Daly from Entertainment Weekly graded the book B and wrote `` It 's charming but creepy , and if Jedi Knights existed , they 'd probably rank it alongside winking-Jesus 3-D postcards in the annals of misguided relics of adoration . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7a10783f5169d4764de1d94e987a9697",
"text": "Star Wars: The Empire Strikes Back (1992 video game) Star Wars : The Empire Strikes Back is a video game released for the Nintendo Entertainment System in . It is the sequel the original Star Wars for the NES . This is the second of three video games released under the Empire Strikes Back title for home video game systems . It was preceded by a version for the Atari 2600 and succeeded by Super Star Wars : The Empire Strikes Back for the Super NES . After the game was completed , the developers were occupied with making JVC 's Super Star Wars for the Super NES , so a corresponding NES sequel covering the film Return of the Jedi was never developed , nor released . A version of the game was released for the Game Boy . That product was reprinted and distributed by several publishers over the course of three years .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
8ac713017c98bef3e6c77643c477d8f2 | The Prestige was published in 1987. | [
{
"docid": "21c70352d189584db8a64b4f9dba5ef0",
"text": "The Prestige The Prestige is a 1995 novel by British writer Christopher Priest . The novel tells the story of a prolonged feud between two stage magicians in late 1800s England . It is epistolary in structure ; that is , it purports to be a collection of real diaries that were kept by the protagonists and later collated . The title derives from the novel 's fictional practice of stage illusions having three parts : the setup , the performance , and the prestige ( effect ) . The novel received the James Tait Black Memorial Prize for best fiction and the World Fantasy Award for Best Novel .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "aa2db7fe4343791cc8ea3e5cc0b4cc28",
"text": "1987 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament The 1987 NCAA Division I Men 's Basketball Tournament involved 64 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of men 's NCAA Division I college basketball . It began on March 12 , 1987 , and ended with the championship game on March 30 in New Orleans , Louisiana . A total of 63 games were played . Indiana , coached by Bob Knight , won the national title with a 74 -- 73 victory in the final game over Syracuse , coached by Jim Boeheim . Keith Smart of Indiana , who hit the game-winner in the final seconds , was named the tournament 's Most Outstanding Player . The tournament also featured a `` Cinderella team '' in the Final Four , as Providence College , led by a then-unknown Rick Pitino , made their first Final Four appearance since 1973 . This was also the last tournament in which teams were allowed to have home court advantage : Syracuse ( 2E ) , DePaul ( 3MW ) , Arizona ( 10W ) and UAB ( 11SE ) all opened the tournament playing on their home courts . The 1987 NCAA Men 's Basketball Tournament was also the first tournament to use the three-point shot .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4e0c1f26cdab6ea662ffbc23e07aa96e",
"text": "Sentencing Act of 1987 The Sentencing Act of 1987 ( Pub.L . 100-182 ) enacted some changes to the federal sentencing regime in the United States . The legislation amended to permit expressly departures based on circumstances of an exceptional `` kind '' or `` degree . '' The insertion of this new language was described by the manager of the House bill , Representative John Conyers , as `` clarifying '' in nature because it simply made explicit in the law that which was previously described in the Senate Committee Report as implicit and intended . There is evidence that under the new regime , sentences may not have increased as much as expected : although the average prison term for trial sentences increases post‐reforms , there is no systematic increase in the average length of the pleas . Additionally , the law abolished parole for federal prisoners and created the United States Sentencing Commission . The commission makes the guidelines used by federal judges when sentencing people convicted of a federal crime . The bill was introduced by Senator Joseph Biden on October 27 , 1987 . It was signed into law on December 7 , 1987 , by President Ronald Reagan .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a3832603e395a55210c583270e930fcc",
"text": "European Amalfi Prize for Sociology and Social Sciences The European Amalfi Prize for Sociology and Social Sciences ( Premio Europeo Amalfi per la Sociologia e le Scienze Sociali ) is a prestigious Italian award in the social sciences . Established in 1987 on the initiative of the Section for Sociological Theories and Social Transformations of the Italian Association of Sociology , it is conferred annually in Amalfi to the author of a book or an article which was published within the previous two years and has made an important contribution to sociology . The award ceremony is accompanied by an international sociological conference . The awardees are selected by a jury currently consisting of Margaret Archer , Allessandro Cavalli , Salvador Giner , Joachim Israel , Michel Maffesoli , Carlo Mongardini ( chair ) , Birgitta Nedelmann , Helga Nowotny , and Piotr Sztompka . Previous members include Anthony Giddens , Peter Gerlich and Friedrich H. Tenbruck . The award was suspended in 1993 and 1996 , 1992 and 2011-2015 the jury decided not to assign the award . In 1999 , a biennial special award for an outstanding first book was established and named after Norbert Elias , the first recipient of the Amalfi Award . There are also other auxiliary awards in various categories ; the main award can also be split .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5f4f1a7258569f3f316e3bb35a5d62f0",
"text": "High Society (comics) High Society is the second collected volume , and first volume-length story , of Canadian cartoonist Dave Sim 's Cerebus comic book series . It focuses mainly on politics , including Cerebus '' ' campaign for the office of Prime Minister , in the fictional city-state of Iest in Sim 's world of Estarcion . It is generally considered the best book for beginning Cerebus readers to start with , and has been called `` one of the finest storylines of the 1980s '' . The story was published in individual issues from May 1981 ( issue # 26 ) to May 1983 ( # 50 ) , with the collection published in 1986 . The story is considered a turning point in the Cerebus series , as Sim moved from the `` Conan pastiche '' of the stories contained in the Cerebus , to making a `` piece of political satire , '' the beginning of Sim moving away from individual issue-focused stories and short , two - or three-issue story arcs , to `` longer , far more complex ` novels ' '' lasting hundreds of pages , that were the focus of the rest of the series . The storyline became the first of the Cerebus `` phone book '' paperback collections to be published . Its success led Sim to abandon the Swords of Cerebus series of 4-issue collections in favour of the larger collections for the final format of the 6000-page Cerebus '' saga .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b034fdced639b53971ec5f9c98772c56",
"text": "The Notion Club Papers The Notion Club Papers is the title of an abandoned novel by J. R. R. Tolkien , written during 1945 and published posthumously in Sauron Defeated , the 9th volume of The History of Middle-earth . It is a space/time/dream travel story , written at the same time as The Lord of the Rings was being developed . The story itself revolves around the meetings of an Oxford arts discussion group called the Notion Club , a fictionalization of ( and a play on words on the name of ) Tolkien 's own such club , The Inklings . During these meetings , Alwin Arundel Lowdham discusses his lucid dreams about Númenor ; through these dreams , he `` discovers '' much about the Númenor story and the languages of Middle-earth ( notably Quenya , Sindarin , and Adûnaic -- the last being the sole source of most of the material on Adûnaic ) . While not finished , at the end of the given story it becomes clear Lowdham himself is a reincarnation of sorts of Elendil . ( Alwin is a modernization of the name Ælfwine , Old English for Elf-friend , or Elendil in Quenya . ) Other members of the Club also mention their vivid dreams of other times and places . Tolkien not only created fictional meetings for these papers but also created a fictional history for the manuscript of the papers . According to the papers , the meetings occurred in the 1980s ; they even mention events that occurred in the 1970s and 1980s . About one-quarter of the papers were found among sacks of waste paper in 2012 at Oxford by a Mr. Green . Mr. Green published a first edition containing excerpts from these papers , indicating that they were written during the 1980s by one of the participants . Two scholars read the first edition , asked to examine the manuscripts , and then submitted a full report . The `` Notes to the Second Edition '' mentions the contradictory evidence in dating the manuscripts , and an alternative date is presented : they may have been written in the 1940s . These papers , which make a number of comments on Lewis ' Space Trilogy , are similar to C. S. Lewis ' commentary to Tolkien 's poem The Lay of Leithian , in which Lewis created a fictional history of scholarship of the poem and even referred to other manuscript tradition to recommend changes to the poem . The Notion Club Papers may be seen as an attempt to re-write The Lost Road , published and discussed in The Lost Road and Other Writings , as being another attempt to tie the Númenórean legend in with a more modern tale . There is , however , no direct connection between the modern settings of the two stories within the fictional frame . Jane Stanford links The Notion Club Papers to The Johnson Club Papers in her biography of John O'Connor Power , That Irishman . The two books have a similar title page . The Johnson Club was a ` Public House School ' and met in taverns like the Inklings . The purpose was ` Fellowship and free Exchange of Mind . ' The two clubs presented papers ` which were read before the members and discussed ' . Samuel Johnson , like Tolkien , had a strong connection with Pembroke College , Oxford . Stanley Unwin , Tolkien 's publisher , was a nephew of Fisher Unwin , the founding member of The Johnson Club . According to Christopher Tolkien , had his father continued The Notion Club Papers , he would have linked the real world of Alwin Lowdham with his eponymous ancestor Ælfwine of England ( who compiled the Lost Tales ) and with Atlantis . One of the members of the Notion Club , one Michael George Ramer , combines lucid dreams with time-travel and experiences the tsunami that sank Númenor . He ca n't tell if its history , or fantasy , or something in between . The Notion Club Papers mentions a great storm occurring during 1987 in England , on 12 June . This can be seen as an odd coincidence , since the actual Great Storm of 1987 occurred in October of that year .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8657370974dbf9e13b35adfac03cf470",
"text": "1987 College Football All-America Team The 1987 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams in 1987 . The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA ) recognizes five selectors as `` official '' for the 1987 season . They are : ( 1 ) the American Football Coaches Association ( AFCA ) ; ( 2 ) the Associated Press ( AP ) selected based on the votes of sports writers at AP newspapers ; ( 3 ) the Football Writers Association of America ( FWAA ) ; ( 4 ) the United Press International ( UPI ) selected based on the votes of sports writers at UPI newspapers ; and ( 5 ) the Walter Camp Football Foundation ( WC ) . Other notable selectors included Football News the Newspaper Enterprise Association ( NEA ) , Scripps Howard ( SH ) , and The Sporting News ( TSN ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f2e83ab7b397f1af5974f33aa4d2d5fb",
"text": "The Wrath of Olympus The Wrath of Olympus is an adventure module published in 1987 for the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy role-playing game .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8a040a01a214f234fe1b6c49dc9c3aa5",
"text": "Prospect (magazine) Prospect is a monthly British general interest magazine , specialising in politics , economics and current affairs . Topics include British , European , and US politics , social issues , art , literature , cinema , science , the media , history , philosophy , and psychology . It features a mixture of lengthy analytic articles , first-person reportage , one-page columns , and shorter , quirky items . Notable features of the magazine include head-to-head debates between two writers with opposing views on a subject ; roundtable discussions , in which a series of experts with varying views on a given topic meet for a discussion , an edited transcript of which is published in the magazine ; and interviews with major political and cultural figures ( recent examples include Orhan Pamuk , Paul Wolfowitz , and Hilary Mantel ) . The magazine prizes independence over ideology and its articles and authors span the political spectrum . In recent years the magazine 's founding editor , David Goodhart , has stirred controversy with a series of articles arguing that the increasing diversity of the United Kingdom may weaken the bonds of solidarity on which the welfare state depends . The debate fed into the broader discussions of `` Britishness '' that have become increasingly common in the public sphere . Contributors include Lionel Shriver , A. C. Grayling , Gordon Brown , Mohamed ElBaradei , Michael Lind , Michael Ignatieff , Geoff Dyer , Francis Fukuyama , Roger Scruton , Andrew Marr , John Kay , and J. M. Coetzee . Prospect received worldwide attention in October 2005 when it published its list of the world 's top 100 public intellectuals , which included Noam Chomsky , Umberto Eco , Richard Dawkins , Steven Pinker and Christopher Hitchens . The magazine asked readers to vote for their top intellectual from the longlist ; Chomsky was the eventual winner . Subsequent lists have continued to attract attention . Dawkins claimed the top spot in 2013 . In August 2009 in a roundtable interview in Prospect , Adair Turner supported the idea of new global taxes on financial transactions , warning that a `` swollen '' financial sector paying excessive salaries has grown too big for society . Lord Turner 's suggestion that a `` Tobin tax '' - named after the economist James Tobin -- should be considered for financial transactions reverberated around the world . Prospect has also attempted to revitalise the art of the short story in Britain , by publishing the winning story of the Royal Society of Literature 's V.S. Pritchett Memorial Prize since 2009 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d6263f9cc0a57f59345bff8ab906a89c",
"text": "11/22/63 11/22/63 is a novel by Stephen King about a time traveler who attempts to prevent the assassination of President John F. Kennedy , which occurred on November 22 , 1963 ( the novel 's titular date ) . The novel was announced on King 's official site on March 2 , 2011 . A short excerpt was released online on June 1 , 2011 , and another excerpt was published in the October 28 , 2011 , issue of Entertainment Weekly . The novel was published on November 8 , 2011 and quickly became a number-one bestseller . It stayed on The New York Times Best Seller list for 16 weeks . 11/22/63 won the 2011 Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Best Mystery/Thriller and the 2012 International Thriller Writers Award for Best Novel , and was nominated for the 2012 British Fantasy Award for Best Novel and the 2012 Locus Award for Best Science Fiction Novel . The novel required considerable research to accurately portray the late 1950s and early 1960s . King commented on the amount of research it required , saying `` I 've never tried to write anything like this before . It was really strange at first , like breaking in a new pair of shoes . '' The novel was adapted into a 2016 Hulu television series , 11.22.63 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c7f9afdc6d0fd27ef24a255951e1766a",
"text": "Erotic thriller An Erotic thriller is a film genre defined by a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy . Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity , but the frequency and explicitness of those scenes varies . Though similar films appeared as early as the 1960s , erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s , bolstered by the popular success of Adrian Lyne 's Fatal Attraction in 1987 and a quickly expanding domestic and international market for softcore adult entertainment on cable television and home video . The genre had a classic period of growth and expansion in the 1990s , but by the early 2000s declined in production and popular appeal . The potent combination of danger and romance , catering to both male and female audiences simultaneously , was the primary selling point for erotic thriller films during their classic period . The half-naked bodies displayed on posters , newspaper ads , and video box covers were accompanied by log lines that capture the unmistakable duality of the erotic thriller film : If you think you can handle her , you 're dead wrong . -- Body Chemistry 3 : Point of Seduction He was hired to watch . Now he 's tempted to touch . -- Night Eyes Twin sisters cross the line into a deadly erotic fantasy land . -- Mirror Images In all , over 300 erotic thriller films were produced in the 1990s , which is comparable to the number of thriller films made in the noir decade of the 1940s . The total number of films in the erotic thriller genre from 1985 to 2005 may number as high as over 500 . Like film noir , the genre has evolved and modernized , and new films continue to be made that are influenced by the classic style .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c01b13a54e784b37e5e4499da5d61824",
"text": "Evolution of Management Systems ' A management system is the framework of processes and procedures used to ensure that an organization can fulfill all tasks required to achieve its objectives . After World War II , the reigning paradigm of product-oriented mass production had reached its peak . Examples of management systems at that time are linear assembly lines , organizational hierarchies of command , product quality control and mass consumption . Soon afterwards , the Deming-Juran process-quality teachings spearheaded a new quality orientation ( later referred to as Total quality management ) and propelled Japan directly to the post-war process focus ( process quality control , just-in-time , continuous improvement ) . The US responded by a painful and prolonged product-to-process transformation , ultimately leveling the playing field again by the mid 1980s . At the end of the 1980s , business process reengineering focused on the radical redesign of the production process through the reintegration of task , labor and knowledge . As a result , lean , flexible and streamlined production processes were created , capable of fast response and internet-based integration necessary for the upcoming phase of supply chains - business-to-business ( B2B ) -- as well as demand chains -- business-to-customer ( B2C ) . In the above three stages of Evolution of Management Systems '' ' , the competitive advantage was derived almost exclusively from the internal resources of the firm . At the end of the 1980s , a radical fourth shift has occurred : the competitive advantage became increasingly derived from the external resources of the firm -- through the extended networks of suppliers and customers . Figure 1 refers to the basic scheme of production and service delivery process . It represents the traditional linear input-process-output management system . This system has been fixed and unchanging for centuries . The only change has been in terms of changing focus on individual components of the system , emphasizing different parts of this basic scheme . Although the scheme itself ( inputs → process → outputs ) remains mostly unchallenged , there are some indications that this business model will undergo major restructurings in the future ( in the emerging stages of Evolution of Management Systems ) . It will become disaggregated and distributed , subjected to non-linear modularity and bringing forth new ways of making things and delivering services . Then it will become reintegrated again , tying together globally distributed components into a unified recycling whole .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "57afcbb8bcb6ff5a8f259f762609cc05",
"text": "Kodak Ektaprint Electronic Publishing System The Kodak Ektaprint Electronic Publishing System ( KEEPS ) was a professional electronic publishing system sold internationally by the Eastman Kodak Company from 1987-1992 . KEEPS was a fully integrated turnkey system , consisting of publishing software from Interleaf , computer hardware from Sun Microsystems , customized front-end software developed by Kodak that ran on Unix System V Release 4 , and Kodak 's high-end Ektaprint printers , scanners , and copiers . KEEPS was capable of producing WYSIWYG ( `` what you see is what you get '' ) output at near-typeset quality , while also offering document management and workflow tools for collaborative environments . Marketing materials from Kodak distinguished KEEPs from Desktop Publishing by describing the product as Professional Electronic Publishing . KEEPS became the preferred document publishing system from 1989-1990 amongst governments and large corporations .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "83cdb234d0c7c04c4539055a44338f9b",
"text": "The Icarus Agenda The Icarus Agenda is a 1988 thriller novel by bestselling author Robert Ludlum . It is the sequel to The Chancellor Manuscript .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "117bf5d15b6933239c206584df4e4083",
"text": "The Prestige Recordings The Prestige Recordings is a box set by jazz musician John Coltrane .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8390608fd2f642339d521735293d974f",
"text": "1987 in literature This article presents lists of the literary events and publications of 1987 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e3c949cd623f4c3a30dfba931e277f8c",
"text": "Stability (short story) Stability is a short science fiction story by Philip K. Dick , first written around 1947 , but not published until 1987 in Volume I of The Collected Stories of Philip K. Dick . The story is set in the far future , where civilization never progresses ; the government has determined it to have reached its peak , and to prevent declination , society is forcibly kept in a state of `` Stability '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d3adb6815de0c4d46a22696213b4cb94",
"text": "Nebula Awards 22 Nebula Awards 22 is an anthology of award winning science fiction short works edited by George Zebrowski . It was first published in hardcover and trade paperback by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich in April 1988 . The book collects pieces that won or were nominated for the Nebula Awards for novella , novelette and short story for the year 1987 and various nonfiction pieces related to the awards , together with an essay by 1987 Grand Master award winner Isaac Asimov , the two Rhysling Award-winning poems for 1986 , a couple other pieces , and an introduction by the editor . Not all nominees for the various awards are included .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2f7323b75b15caa98be78cb0b14ba573",
"text": "Great British Class Survey On 2 April 2013 analysis of the results of the Great British Class Survey , ( GBCS ) , a survey of social class in the United Kingdom which researched the social structure of the United Kingdom was published online . The survey was developed in collaboration with academic experts . The research has been published in the journal Sociology . The results released were based on a survey of 160,000 residents of Britain most of whom lived in England and described themselves as `` white . '' Class as a multi-dimensional construct was defined and measured according to the amount and kind of economic , cultural , and social capital reported . Economic capital was defined as income and assets ; cultural capital as amount and type of cultural interests and activities , and social capital as the quantity and social status of their friends , family and personal and business contacts . This theoretical framework was developed by Pierre Bourdieu who first published his theory of social distinction in 1979 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a58e08e075fea87de1a66a4c087f94b1",
"text": "Outstanding Academic Title According to the American Library Association , the prestigious Outstanding Academic Titles list `` reflects the best in scholarly titles ... and brings with it the extraordinary recognition of the academic library community . '' Every year , in its January issue , ` Choice : Current Reviews for Academic Libraries , or simply Choice chooses a selection of the books reviewed in the last year as `` Outstanding Academic Titles '' ( `` Outstanding Academic Books '' until 2000 ) . The selection covers around 10 % of the roughly 7000 books reviewed annually . Choice ' , published by the Association of College and Research Libraries ( ACRL ) , is often cited ad the premier source for reviews of academic books , electronic media , and Internet resources of interest to those in higher education . Most academic libraries in the United States use Choice for selecting and purchasing materials . According to the ACRL , Choice reaches 22,000 librarians and an estimated 13,000 higher education faculty in almost every undergraduate college and university library in the United States , along with many larger public libraries , and special and governmental libraries . Reviews are published monthly in Choice magazine and ChoiceReviews.online . Choice publishes approximately 7,000 reviews per year in 50 subdisciplines spanning the humanities , science and technology , and the social and behavioral sciences . Selections for Outstanding Academic Titles are by unpaid scholars who act as experts in their respective fields of study . A list of Outstanding Academic Titles may be viewed at the ALA Outstanding Academic Title portal .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bbe6a1decf05ded18e8640a305069b0e",
"text": "Billboard Top Country Hits: 1987 Billboard Top Country Hits : 1987 is a compilation album released by Rhino Records in 1993 , featuring 10 hit country music recordings from 1987 . Each of the tracks reached No. 1 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart during 1987 and early 1988 . The songs are dated according to their chart debut month , a difference from many of Rhino 's earlier `` Top Hits '' series which chronicle the tracks by peak month .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
3408044fd71a5ffc5a534d92d7f7c05f | Reds was produced by the film's director. | [
{
"docid": "4616dace12242646c58a9f5e57752290",
"text": "Reds (film) Reds is a 1981 American epic drama film co-written , produced and directed by Warren Beatty . The picture centers on the life and career of John Reed , the journalist and writer who chronicled the Russian Revolution in his book Ten Days That Shook the World . Beatty stars in the lead role alongside Diane Keaton as Louise Bryant and Jack Nicholson as Eugene O'Neill . The supporting cast includes Edward Herrmann , Jerzy Kosinski , Paul Sorvino , Maureen Stapleton , Gene Hackman , Ramon Bieri , Nicolas Coster and M. Emmet Walsh . The film also features , as `` witnesses , '' interviews with the 98-year-old radical educator and peace activist Scott Nearing , author Dorothy Frooks , reporter and author George Seldes , civil liberties advocate Roger Baldwin , and the American writer Henry Miller , among others . Beatty was awarded the Academy Award for Best Director and the film was nominated for Best Picture , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty , Keaton , Nicholson and Stapleton were nominated for Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Supporting Actor and Best Supporting Actress , respectively . Stapleton was the only one of the four to win . Beatty was also nominated , along with co-writer Trevor Griffiths , for Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay , but lost to Chariots of Fire . Beatty became the third person to be nominated for Academy Awards in the categories Best Actor , Director and Original Screenplay for a film nominated for Best Picture . In June 2008 , the American Film Institute revealed its `` Ten Top Ten '' -- the best ten films in ten `` classic '' American film genres -- after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community . Reds was acknowledged as the ninth best film in the epic genre .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "8004dd7a9f59519b20a1d67864d3159f",
"text": "Raymond Menmuir Raymond Edward `` Ray '' Menmuir ( 10 September 1930 - 26 March 2016 ) was a British-Australian director and producer . His career included producing 44 episodes of The Professionals and directing 12 episodes of Upstairs , Downstairs . He also produced an Australian version of The Professionals called Special Squad for the Ten Network in 1984 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "83793d9c84228ff30128e682f196de24",
"text": "Miles of Fire Miles of Fire/The Burning Miles ( Огненные вёрсты , translit . Ognennye versty ) is an early Red Western filmed by Samson Samsonov in 1957 . Often considered the earliest of the ` Red Westerns ' ( or ` Osterns ' ) , it was made before the term was coined . The film is a Russian civil war drama , focusing on the conflict between the Reds and the Whites . One-time Mosfilm actor Samsonov had a versatile directorial career prior to The Burning Miles , fresh from an adaptation of Chekhov 's The Grasshopper that won two prizes at the Venice Film Festival . He was later awarded the title of ` People 's Artist of the USSR ' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "636c2a52fd96c660b423c2e57fd6b283",
"text": "The Communist (film) The Communist ( -LSB- Коммунист , Kommunist -RSB- ) is a 1958 Soviet drama film directed by Yuli Raizman .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "08fed23bc2acde5c676d4fce4128e485",
"text": "Greensman A Greensman or Greensperson or Greenskeeper is any production personnel on a film set who is responsible for obtaining and taking care of anything `` green '' -- plants , grass , trees , flowers , and other various landscaping materials like rocks , gravel , sand , etc. . Considered part of the art department . This includes artificial forms of these materials up to and including those representing greens , such as camouflage netting . Greens work is generally considered to be one of the dirtiest , most thankless , and physically demanding jobs in set construction . In addition to set construction greensmen often work `` on set '' assisting the camera and other departments in adjusting the set to the changing demands of different camera positions and lighting setups . Ideally the greensman functions as a participant in the filmmaking process as an extension of the art department during set construction and in conjunction with the camera department during filming . The range of duties in this category ranges from tending to plant nursery operations ( watering , fertilizing , transplanting , etc. ) through to the artful crafting of vines , trees , flowers and the like using cut living material and various forms of artificial material .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0346fb7a9c6e08887125a4cdb0c67745",
"text": "Dick Vorisek Dick Vorisek ( February 21 , 1918 -- November 7 , 1989 ) was an American sound engineer . He was nominated for an Academy Award in the category Best Sound for the film Reds . He worked on over 130 films between 1947 and 1988 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2bfc6e682c0f8be8dee868bde8079428",
"text": "Robert Watts Robert Watts ( born 23 May 1938 ) is a British film producer who is best known for his involvement with the Star Wars and Indiana Jones film series .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "03c0ee83eccda9203ac8d9a50b39a0ca",
"text": "The Red Apple (film) The Red Apple ( -LSB- Красное яблоко , Krasnoe yabloko -RSB- ) is a Soviet drama film directed by Tolomush Okeyev . It was entered into the 9th Moscow International Film Festival .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bad19c3dce3757b5ea9404712dc5e510",
"text": "Brent Ryan Green Brent Ryan Green ( born March 19 , 1984 ) is an American film director and producer .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4479426bbdef0008201beb7b2426dbff",
"text": "Joe Roth Joseph E. `` Joe '' Roth ( born 1948 ) is an American film executive , producer and film director . He co-founded Morgan Creek Productions in 1987 and was chairman of 20th Century Fox ( 1989 -- 93 ) , Caravan Pictures ( 1993 -- 94 ) , and Walt Disney Studios ( 1994 -- 2000 ) before founding Revolution Studios in 2000 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b817db0e00e057aca07ab7d8df8b56b2",
"text": "List of awards and nominations received by Robert Redford The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American actor , director and producer Robert Redford . He was first nominated for an Academy Award in 1973 for his role as Johnny `` Kelly '' Hooker in The Sting . He then won Best Director in 1980 for Ordinary People . In 1994 , he was nominated twice for Best Picture and Best Director for Quiz Show . He has been nominated for seven Golden Globes , winning two for Inside Daisy Clover as New Star of the Year -- Actor ( 1965 ) , Ordinary People as Best Director ( 1980 ) , and won the Cecil B. DeMille Award in 1994 . He was awarded the Screen Actors Guild Life Achievement Award in 1995 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "66f18560fce3c3603473d5e7b26d2efc",
"text": "History of the Cincinnati Reds The Cincinnati Reds are a Major League Baseball team . Originally named the Cincinnati Red Stockings , the name was shortened to the Cincinnati Reds in the 1890s .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a96720151a66d64c7483a386c3819d80",
"text": "Digital intermediate Digital intermediate ( typically abbreviated to DI ) is a motion picture finishing process which classically involves digitizing a motion picture and manipulating the color and other image characteristics . It often replaces or augments the photochemical timing process and is usually the final creative adjustment to a movie before distribution in theaters . It is distinguished from the telecine process in which film is scanned and color is manipulated early in the process to facilitate editing . However the lines between telecine and DI are continually blurred and are often executed on the same hardware by colorists of the same background . These two steps are typically part of the overall color management process in a motion picture at different points in time . A digital intermediate is also customarily done at higher resolution and with greater color fidelity than telecine transfers . Although originally used to describe a process that started with film scanning and ended with film recording , digital intermediate is also used to describe color correction and color grading and even final mastering when a digital camera is used as the image source and/or when the final movie is not output to film . This is due to recent advances in digital cinematography and digital projection technologies that strive to match film origination and film projection . In traditional photochemical film finishing , an intermediate is produced by exposing film to the original camera negative . The intermediate is then used to mass-produce the films that get distributed to theaters . Color grading is done by varying the amount of red , green , and blue light used to expose the intermediate . This seeks to be able to replace or augment the photochemical approach to creating this intermediate . The digital intermediate process uses digital tools to color grade , which allows for much finer control of individual colors and areas of the image , and allows for the adjustment of image structure ( grain , sharpness , etc. ) . The intermediate for film reproduction can then be produced by means of a film recorder . The physical intermediate film that is a result of the recording process is sometimes also called a digital intermediate , and is usually recorded to internegative ( IN ) stock , which is inherently finer-grain than camera negative ( OCN ) . One of the key technical achievements that made the transition to DI possible was the use of the 3D look-up tables ( aka `` 3D LUTs '' ) , which could be used to mimic how the digital image would look once it was printed onto release print stock . This removed a large amount of skilled guesswork from the film-making process , and allowed greater freedom in the colour grading process while reducing risk . The digital master is often used as a source for a DCI-compliant distribution of the motion picture for digital projection . For archival purposes , the digital master created during the Digital Intermediate process can still be recorded to very stable high dynamic range yellow-cyan-magenta ( YCM ) separations on black-and-white film with an expected 100-year or longer life . This archival format , long used in the industry prior to the invention of DI , still provides an archival medium that is independent of changes in digital data recording technologies and file formats that might otherwise render digitally archived material unreadable in the long term .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "efcbcdb90d91c3bb0f7838f07ef6802c",
"text": "Rob Green (film director) Rob Green is a film director , producer , editor and screenwriter .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1da462b9fe581b292b7404fbae29d82a",
"text": "Aaron Russo Aaron Russo ( -LSB- ˈrʊsoʊ -RSB- February 14 , 1943 -- August 24 , 2007 ) was an American entertainment businessman , film producer and director , and political activist . He was best known for producing such movies as Trading Places , Wise Guys , and The Rose . Later in life , he created various Libertarian-leaning political documentaries including Mad as Hell and America : Freedom to Fascism . After a six-year battle with bladder cancer , Russo died on August 24 , 2007 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "16cec031b282a1a07a5cb897af533715",
"text": "Hustle (2004 film) Hustle is a television film about baseball player Pete Rose , created by ESPN Films . It was first broadcast on September 25 , 2004 . The movie follows Rose as he gambled on Major League Baseball while managing the Cincinnati Reds , then was caught and banned from baseball for life . The title , Hustle , is a reference to both Rose 's gambling problem and his nickname , `` Charlie Hustle . '' The movie stars Tom Sizemore as Pete Rose and was directed by Peter Bogdanovich .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "99e43fccc7d2bdff4be289d7cfd1f76c",
"text": "Charles Reisner Charles `` Chuck '' Reisner ( 14 March 1887 -- 24 September 1962 ) was an American film director and actor of the 1920s and 1930s . The German American directed over 60 films between 1920 and 1950 and acted in over 20 films between 1916 and 1929 . He starred alongside Charlie Chaplin in A Dog 's Life in 1918 and The Kid in 1921 . In 1930 , he directed Chasing Rainbows , a musical which starred Bessie Love and Charles King . He directed The Big Store ( 1941 ) , the Marx Brothers ' last film for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer . He died of a heart attack in La Jolla , California in 1962 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2748f5b1c1e670d57e11a8f4f4b13963",
"text": "Michael Schultz Michael Schultz ( born November 10 , 1938 ) is an American director and producer of film and television .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0b33050f9433498143d87d1baa7bac5e",
"text": "Nelson Woss Nelson Woss ( born in Perth , Western Australia ) is an Australian film producer who made the feature films Red Dog and Ned Kelly .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c2c663d714bf3ce3b7e62d0cf04a7702",
"text": "Ron Roy (producer) Ron Roy is an American actor , producer , director , writer , composer and cinematographer . He is best known as the creator of the Moodtapes DVD/CD nature/relaxation series and the producer/director of the annual comedy special Stand Up Comics Take A Stand , which aired for four years nationally on The Family Channel . He has produced and directed film , television , theater , documentaries , radio , commercials and music videos .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6b9d9e306676790a7e41ab2ca93c2ebf",
"text": "Roland West Roland West ( February 20 , 1885 -- March 31 , 1952 ) was a Hollywood director known for his innovative proto-film noir movies of the 1920s and early 1930s .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
17f184d33b1df87564dc56d96333a68e | Cancer did not cause deaths. | [
{
"docid": "94af58902a6db4c9958cc2fa45a60ea7",
"text": "Acute lymphoblastic leukemia Acute lymphoblastic leukemia , also known as acute lymphocytic leukemia or acute lymphoid leukemia ( ALL ) , is an acute form of leukemia , or cancer of the white blood cells , characterized by the overproduction and accumulation of cancerous , immature white blood cells , known as lymphoblasts . In persons with ALL , lymphoblasts are overproduced in the bone marrow and continuously multiply , causing damage and death by inhibiting the production of normal cells ( such as red and white blood cells and platelets ) in the bone marrow and by spreading ( infiltrating ) to other organs . ALL is most common in childhood , with a peak incidence at 2 -- 5 years of age and another peak in old age . The symptoms of ALL are indicative of a reduced production of functional blood cells , because leukemia wastes the resources of the bone marrow that are normally used to produce new , functioning blood cells . These symptoms can include fever , increased risk of infection ( especially bacterial infections like pneumonia , due to neutropenia ; symptoms of such an infection include shortness of breath , chest pain , cough , vomiting ) , increased tendency to bleed ( due to thrombocytopenia ) , and signs indicative of anemia , including pallor , tachycardia ( high heart rate ) , fatigue , and headache . About 6,000 cases are reported in the United States every year . Internationally , ALL is more common in Caucasians than in Africans ; it is more common in Hispanics and in Latin America . Cure is a realistic goal and is achieved in more than 80 % of affected children , although only 20-40 % of adults are cured . `` Acute '' is defined by the World Health organization standards , in which greater than 20 % of the cells in the bone marrow are blasts . Chronic lymphocytic leukemia is defined as having less than 20 % blasts in the bone marrow . ALL was one of the first cancers for which an effective chemotherapeutic treatment was developed . Antifolates like aminopterin and methotrexate were developed in the late 1940s by Sidney Farber and Yellapragada Subbarow . At that time , a doctor did not need a patient 's or parent 's consent to try an experimental treatment as the Nuremberg code had not yet been signed . Desperate to save his patients , Farber initially tried folic acid supplementation as a treatment for ALL . This had disastrous consequences and he likely accelerated the children 's deaths .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d4c4bf71aef3cebaf60ad64687379f3c",
"text": "Breast cancer Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue . Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast , a change in breast shape , dimpling of the skin , fluid coming from the nipple , or a red scaly patch of skin . In those with distant spread of the disease , there may be bone pain , swollen lymph nodes , shortness of breath , or yellow skin . Risk factors for developing breast cancer include being female , obesity , lack of physical exercise , drinking alcohol , hormone replacement therapy during menopause , ionizing radiation , early age at first menstruation , having children late or not at all , older age , and family history . About 5 -- 10 % of cases are due to genes inherited from a person 's parents , including BRCA1 and BRCA2 among others . Breast cancer most commonly develops in cells from the lining of milk ducts and the lobules that supply the ducts with milk . Cancers developing from the ducts are known as ductal carcinomas , while those developing from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas . In addition , there are more than 18 other sub-types of breast cancer . Some cancers , such as ductal carcinoma in situ , develop from pre-invasive lesions . The diagnosis of breast cancer is confirmed by taking a biopsy of the concerning lump . Once the diagnosis is made , further tests are done to determine if the cancer has spread beyond the breast and which treatments it may respond to . The balance of benefits versus harms of breast cancer screening is controversial . A 2013 Cochrane review stated that it is unclear if mammographic screening does more good or harm . A 2009 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force found evidence of benefit in those 40 to 70 years of age , and the organization recommends screening every two years in women 50 to 74 years old . The medications tamoxifen or raloxifene may be used in an effort to prevent breast cancer in those who are at high risk of developing it . Surgical removal of both breasts is another preventative measure in some high risk women . In those who have been diagnosed with cancer , a number of treatments may be used , including surgery , radiation therapy , chemotherapy , hormonal therapy and targeted therapy . Types of surgery vary from breast-conserving surgery to mastectomy . Breast reconstruction may take place at the time of surgery or at a later date . In those in whom the cancer has spread to other parts of the body , treatments are mostly aimed at improving quality of life and comfort . Outcomes for breast cancer vary depending on the cancer type , extent of disease , and person 's age . Survival rates in the developed world are high , with between 80 % and 90 % of those in England and the United States alive for at least 5 years . In developing countries survival rates are poorer . Worldwide , breast cancer is the leading type of cancer in women , accounting for 25 % of all cases . In 2012 it resulted in 1.68 million new cases and 522,000 deaths . It is more common in developed countries and is more than 100 times more common in women than in men .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "82e1af31739b83f63d5d005601fc2fb6",
"text": "Colorectal cancer Colorectal cancer ( CRC ) , also known as bowel cancer and colon cancer , is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum ( parts of the large intestine ) . A cancer is the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body . Signs and symptoms may include blood in the stool , a change in bowel movements , weight loss , and feeling tired all the time . Most colorectal cancers are due to old age and lifestyle factors with only a small number of cases due to underlying genetic disorders . Some risk factors include diet , obesity , smoking , and lack of physical activity . Dietary factors that increase the risk include red and processed meat as well as alcohol . Another risk factor is inflammatory bowel disease , which includes Crohn 's disease and ulcerative colitis . Some of the inherited genetic disorders that can cause colorectal cancer include familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer ; however , these represent less than 5 % of cases . It typically starts as a benign tumor , often in the form of a polyp , which over time becomes cancerous . Bowel cancer may be diagnosed by obtaining a sample of the colon during a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy . This is then followed by medical imaging to determine if the disease has spread . Screening is effective for preventing and decreasing deaths from colorectal cancer . Screening is recommended starting from the age of 50 to 75 . During colonoscopy , small polyps may be removed if found . If a large polyp or tumor is found , a biopsy may be performed to check if it is cancerous . Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs decrease the risk . Their general use is not recommended for this purpose , however , due to side effects . Treatments used for colorectal cancer may include some combination of surgery , radiation therapy , chemotherapy and targeted therapy . Cancers that are confined within the wall of the colon may be curable with surgery while cancer that has spread widely are usually not curable , with management being directed towards improving quality of life and symptoms . Five year survival rates in the United States are around 65 % . This , however , depends on how advanced the cancer is , whether or not all the cancer can be removed with surgery , and the person 's overall health . Globally , colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer making up about 10 % of all cases . In 2012 , there were 1.4 million new cases and 694,000 deaths from the disease . It is more common in developed countries , where more than 65 % of cases are found . It is less common in women than men .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fa7a8ee6aff12d3a2451e02e81bd53c1",
"text": "Cancer Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body . Not all tumors are cancerous ; benign tumors do not spread to other parts of the body . Possible signs and symptoms include a lump , abnormal bleeding , prolonged cough , unexplained weight loss and a change in bowel movements . While these symptoms may indicate cancer , they may have other causes . Over 100 types of cancers affect humans . Tobacco use is the cause of about 22 % of cancer deaths . Another 10 % is due to obesity , poor diet , lack of physical activity , and excessive drinking of alcohol . Other factors include certain infections , exposure to ionizing radiation and environmental pollutants . In the developing world nearly 20 % of cancers are due to infections such as hepatitis B , hepatitis C and human papillomavirus ( HPV ) . These factors act , at least partly , by changing the genes of a cell . Typically many genetic changes are required before cancer develops . Approximately 5 -- 10 % of cancers are due to inherited genetic defects from a person 's parents . Cancer can be detected by certain signs and symptoms or screening tests . It is then typically further investigated by medical imaging and confirmed by biopsy . Many cancers can be prevented by not smoking , maintaining a healthy weight , not drinking too much alcohol , eating plenty of vegetables , fruits and whole grains , vaccination against certain infectious diseases , not eating too much processed and red meat , and avoiding too much sunlight exposure . Early detection through screening is useful for cervical and colorectal cancer . The benefits of screening in breast cancer are controversial . Cancer is often treated with some combination of radiation therapy , surgery , chemotherapy , and targeted therapy . Pain and symptom management are an important part of care . Palliative care is particularly important in people with advanced disease . The chance of survival depends on the type of cancer and extent of disease at the start of treatment . In children under 15 at diagnosis the five-year survival rate in the developed world is on average 80 % . For cancer in the United States the average five-year survival rate is 66 % . In 2015 about 90.5 million people had cancer . About 14.1 million new cases occur a year ( not including skin cancer other than melanoma ) . It caused about 8.8 million deaths ( 15.7 % ) of human deaths . The most common types of cancer in males are lung cancer , prostate cancer , colorectal cancer and stomach cancer . In females , the most common types are breast cancer , colorectal cancer , lung cancer and cervical cancer . If skin cancer other than melanoma were included in total new cancers each year it would account for around 40 % of cases . In children , acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and brain tumors are most common except in Africa where non-Hodgkin lymphoma occurs more often . In 2012 , about 165,000 children under 15 years of age were diagnosed with cancer . The risk of cancer increases significantly with age and many cancers occur more commonly in developed countries . Rates are increasing as more people live to an old age and as lifestyle changes occur in the developing world . The financial costs of cancer were estimated at $ 1.16 trillion US dollars per year as of 2010 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c42cd59130b3ba79b708a0cfb27afcfe",
"text": "Palliative care Palliative care is a multidisciplinary approach to specialized medical care for people with life-limiting illnesses . It focuses on providing people with relief from the symptoms , pain , physical stress , and mental stress of the terminal diagnosis . The goal of such therapy is to improve quality of life for both the person and their family . Evidence as of 2016 supports improvement in quality of life . Palliative care is provided by a team of physicians , nurses , physiotherapists , occupational therapists and other health professionals who work together with the primary care physician and referred specialists ( or , for patients who do n't have those , hospital or hospice staff ) to provide additional support . It is appropriate at any age and at any stage in a serious illness and can be provided as the main goal of care or along with curative treatment . Although it is an important part of end-of-life care , it is not limited to that stage . Palliative care can be provided across multiple settings including in hospitals , in the patient 's home , as part of community palliative care programs , and in skilled nursing facilities . Interdisciplinary palliative care teams work with patients and their families to clarify goals of care and provide symptom management , psycho-social , and spiritual support . Physicians sometimes use the term palliative care in a sense meaning palliative therapies without curative intent , when no cure can be expected ( as often happens in late-stage cancers ) . For example , tumor debulking can continue to reduce pain from mass effect even when it is no longer curative . A clearer usage is palliative , noncurative therapy when that is what is meant , because palliative care can be used along with curative or aggressive therapies . Medications and treatments are said to have a palliative effect if they relieve symptoms without having a curative effect on the underlying disease or cause . This can include treating nausea related to chemotherapy or something as simple as morphine to treat the pain of broken leg or ibuprofen to treat aching related to an influenza ( flu ) infection . Although the concept of palliative care is not new , most physicians have traditionally concentrated on trying to cure people .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4e0d6dff5f4729865e4ed332a34cb3b5",
"text": "Skin cancer Skin cancers are cancers that arise from the skin . They are due to the development of abnormal cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body . There are three main types of skin cancers : basal-cell skin cancer ( BCC ) , squamous-cell skin cancer ( SCC ) and melanoma . The first two , along with a number of less common skin cancers , are known as nonmelanoma skin cancer ( NMSC ) . Basal-cell cancer grows slowly and can damage the tissue around it but is unlikely to spread to distant areas or result in death . It often appears as a painless raised area of skin , that may be shiny with small blood vessel running over it or may present as a raised area with an ulcer . Squamous-cell cancer is more likely to spread . It usually presents as a hard lump with a scaly top but may also form an ulcer . Melanomas are the most aggressive . Signs include a mole that has changed in size , shape , color , has irregular edges , has more than one color , is itchy or bleeds . Greater than 90 % of cases are caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the Sun . This exposure increases the risk of all three main types of skin cancer . Exposure has increased partly due to a thinner ozone layer . Tanning beds are becoming another common source of ultraviolet radiation . For melanomas and basal-cell cancers exposure during childhood is particularly harmful . For squamous-cell cancers total exposure , irrespective of when it occurs , is more important . Between 20 % and 30 % of melanomas develop from moles . People with light skin are at higher risk as are those with poor immune function such as from medications or HIV/AIDS . Diagnosis is by biopsy . Decreasing exposure to ultraviolet radiation and the use of sunscreen appear to be effective methods of preventing melanoma and squamous-cell cancer . It is not clear if sunscreen affects the risk of basal-cell cancer . Nonmelanoma skin cancer is usually curable . Treatment is generally by surgical removal but may less commonly involve radiation therapy or topical medications such as fluorouracil . Treatment of melanoma may involve some combination of surgery , chemotherapy , radiation therapy , and targeted therapy . In those people whose disease has spread to other areas of their bodies , palliative care may be used to improve quality of life . Melanoma has one of the higher survival rates among cancers , with over 86 % of people in the UK and more than 90 % in the United States surviving more than 5 years . Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer , globally accounting for at least 40 % of cases . The most common type is nonmelanoma skin cancer , which occurs in at least 2-3 million people per year . This is a rough estimate , however , as good statistics are not kept . Of nonmelanoma skin cancers , about 80 % are basal-cell cancers and 20 % squamous-cell cancers . Basal-cell and squamous-cell cancers rarely result in death . In the United States they were the cause of less than 0.1 % of all cancer deaths . Globally in 2012 melanoma occurred in 232,000 people , and resulted in 55,000 deaths . Australia and New Zealand have the highest rates of melanoma in the world . The three main types of skin cancer have become more common in the last 20 to 40 years , especially in those areas which are mostly Caucasian .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "8f0ccfcd9cabccbcc5d5f394afa123d2",
"text": "Fritz Lickint Fritz Balduin Lickint ( 1 October 1898 -- 7 July 1960 ) was a German internist and social democrat , who investigated scientifically health problems and social problems related to alcohol and tobacco , described in the 1920s cancer of the lung from smoking and the cancer pathway alongside the respiratory and upper digestive tract . In 1925 he published about an increase of gastric ulcer and stomach cancer in smokers . All his life Lickint was an engaged social democrat and member of the union `` social democratic physicians '' . Because of his political attitude he lost his job at the Chemnitz hospital in 1934 , shortly after the Nazis came into power , and was convened to military service in 1939 as a basic aidman . Not before 1945 he was able to return to his work as a hospital physician and later became hospital director . Lickint was one of the first physicians describing physical and psychological tobacco dependence as a disease , which needs treatment , suggesting a number of therapies ( part of them still in use ) . He also pointed to the `` anti-social behavior of many smokers , polluting ambient air recklessly and harming health of other people '' . Lickint created the term `` passive smoking '' . The Nazis usurped these thoughts , but simultaneously supplied soldiers with cigarettes and cooperated with the German tobacco industry Reemtsma , also in Austria . Later the propaganda of the tobacco industry in Austria and Germany traced the origin of the non-smoking movement back to the Nazi time , when actually more cigarettes were smoked than ever before . In fact the movement against alcohol and nicotine had started in the social democratic party at the beginning of the 20th century , even though research and ideas of Fritz Lickint were also used in the anti-tobacco movement in Nazi Germany . Though he was not the first to publish statistical evidence suggesting a link between cancer and tobacco consumption , in 1929 Lickint published the most thorough case-series study at the time . In 1939 , Lickint in collaboration with The Reich 's Committee for the Struggle against Addictive Drugs and the German Antitobacco League published Tobak and Organisms , a 1200-page volume covering 8000 publications which is considered to be the largest scholarly compilation on the ills of tobacco at the time . This in turn earned him the title as the physician `` most hated by the tobacco industry . '' Lickint argued that tobacco was highly addicitive and that its usage was responsible for thousands of cancers in Nazi Germany . Like other doctors at the time , Lickint also experimented with radical approaches to cure cancer such as x-raying the spleens of cancer patients in hopes of producing cancer-fighting hormones . He also coined the term `` passive smoking '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bc78bf06e1c38fd28329285b0f65cd73",
"text": "Cancer prevention Cancer prevention is defined as active measures to decrease the risk of cancer . The vast majority of cancer cases are due to environmental risk factors , and many , but not all , of these environmental factors are controllable lifestyle choices . Greater than 30 % of cancer deaths could be prevented by avoiding risk factors including : tobacco , overweight / obesity , an insufficient diet , physical inactivity , alcohol , sexually transmitted infections , and air pollution . Not all environmental causes are controllable , such as naturally occurring background radiation , and other cases of cancer are caused through hereditary genetic disorders , and thus it is not possible to prevent all cases of cancer .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "da86d469e3840faa763bc0d25b0982be",
"text": "Biosimilar A biosimilar ( also known as follow-on biologic or subsequent entry biologic ) is a biologic medical product which is almost an identical copy of an original product that is manufactured by a different company . Biosimilars are officially approved versions of original `` innovator '' products , and can be manufactured when the original product 's patent expires . Reference to the innovator product is an integral component of the approval . Unlike with generic drugs of the more common small-molecule type , biologics generally exhibit high molecular complexity , and may be quite sensitive to changes in manufacturing processes . Follow-on manufacturers do not have access to the originator 's molecular clone and original cell bank , nor to the exact fermentation and purification process , nor to the active drug substance , although they do have access to the commercialized innovator product . Overall , it is harder to ascertain fungibility between generics and innovators among biologics than it is among totally synthesized and semisynthesized drugs , which is why the name `` biosimilar '' was coined to differentiate these drugs from small-molecule generics . A simple analogy is that it is harder to say that two wines are `` sufficiently interchangeable '' , because of differences in yeast strain , weather , grape harvest , or terroir , than it is to say that two soda pops are `` sufficiently interchangeable '' because they contain the same flavoring powder and salts . Drug related authorities such as European Medicines Agency ( EMA ) , Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) , and Health Canada hold their own guidance on requirements for demonstration of the similar nature of two biological products in terms of safety and efficacy . According to them , analytical studies that demonstrate that the biological product is highly similar to the reference product notwithstanding minor differences in clinically inactive components , animal studies ( including the assessment of toxicity ) , and a clinical study or studies ( including the assessment of immunogenicity and pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics ) are sufficient to demonstrate safety , purity , and potency in one or more appropriate conditions of use for which the reference product is licensed and intended to be used and for which licensure is sought for the biological product . In case of a monoclonal antibody-containing medicinal product , such as Remsima , extensive physicochemical and biological characterization for it and its reference product Remicade was conducted in order to demonstrate their highly similar properties . Consequently , EMA has granted a marketing authorisation for only a few biosimilars since 2006 including a monoclonal antibody which is recently approved . Meanwhile , on March 6 , 2015 , the FDA approved the United States 's first biosimilar product , the biosimilar of filgrastim called filgrastim-sndz ( trade name Zarxio ) by Sandoz .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3e281424c597469920aa64cefe3d569c",
"text": "Testosterone and the cardiovascular system The predominant androgen in men , testosterone , has shown to substantially decline throughout the aging process . The decline in both serum and total testosterone with age have been linked to several disease states in men . In particular , cardiac failure and ischemic heart disease have been linked to this natural biochemical decline in testosterone . Previously , the higher cardiovascular risk in men has been attributed in part to the negative effects of systemic testosterone , however , more recent research has highlighted the protective nature of testosterone against cardiovascular disease . The magnitude and mechanism of action by which low testosterone in men is influential in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular risk and the potential benefits of testosterone therapy has yet to be fully determined .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d9c003cb7a1324635b91f8ac63ee18ee",
"text": "Liver cancer Liver cancer , also known as hepatic cancer and primary hepatic cancer , is cancer that starts in the liver . Cancer which has spread from elsewhere to the liver , known as liver metastasis , is more common than that which starts in the liver . Symptoms of liver cancer may include a lump or pain in the right side below the rib cage , swelling of the abdomen , yellowish skin , easy bruising , weight loss , and weakness . The leading cause of liver cancer is cirrhosis due to hepatitis B , hepatitis C , or alcohol . Other causes include aflatoxin , non-alcoholic fatty liver disease , and liver flukes . The most common types are hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) , which makes up 80 % of cases , and cholangiocarcinoma . Less common types include mucinous cystic neoplasm and intraductal papillary biliary neoplasm . The diagnosis may be supported by blood tests and medical imaging with confirmation by tissue biopsy . Preventive efforts include immunization against hepatitis B and treating those infected with hepatitis B or C. Screening is recommended in those with chronic liver disease . Treatment options may include surgery , targeted therapy , and radiation therapy . In certain cases ablation therapy , embolization therapy , or liver transplantation may be used . Small lumps in the liver may be simply closely followed . Primary liver cancer is globally the sixth most frequent cancer ( 6 % ) and the second leading cause of death from cancer ( 9 % ) . In 2012 it occurred in 782,000 people and in 2015 resulted in 810,500 deaths . In 2015 , 263,000 deaths from liver cancer were due to hepatitis B , 167,000 to hepatitis C , and 245,000 to alcohol . Higher rates of liver cancer occur where hepatitis B and C are common , including Asia and sub-Saharan Africa . Males are more often affected with HCC than females . Diagnosis is most frequent among those 55 to 65 years old . Five-year survival rates are 18 % in the United States . The word `` hepatic '' is from the Greek hêpar , meaning `` liver . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "44457fb7a4838705ac17f808cad7897e",
"text": "Surrogate endpoint In clinical trials , a surrogate endpoint ( or marker ) is a measure of effect of a specific treatment that may correlate with a real clinical endpoint but does not necessarily have a guaranteed relationship . The National Institutes of Health ( USA ) defines surrogate endpoint as `` a biomarker intended to substitute for a clinical endpoint '' . Surrogate markers are used when the primary endpoint is undesired ( e.g. , death ) , or when the number of events is very small , thus making it impractical to conduct a clinical trial to gather a statistically significant number of endpoints . The FDA and other regulatory agencies will often accept evidence from clinical trials that show a direct clinical benefit to surrogate markers . Surrogate endpoints can be obtained from different modalities , such as , behavioural or cognitive scores , or biomarkers from Electroencephalography ( qEEG ) , MRI , PET , or biochemical biomarkers . A correlate does not make a surrogate . It is a common misconception that if an outcome is a correlate ( that is , correlated with the true clinical outcome ) it can be used as a valid surrogate end point ( that is , a replacement for the true clinical outcome ) . However , proper justification for such replacement requires that the effect of the intervention on the surrogate end point predicts the effect on the clinical outcome -- a much stronger condition than correlation . The term `` surrogate '' should not be used in describing end points . Instead , descriptions of results and interpretations should be formulated in terms that designate the specific nature and category of variable assessed . A surrogate endpoint of a clinical trial is a laboratory measurement or a physical sign used as a substitute for a clinically meaningful endpoint that measures directly how a patient feels , functions or survives . Changes induced by a therapy on a surrogate endpoint are expected to reflect changes in a clinically meaningful endpoint . A commonly used example is cholesterol . While elevated cholesterol levels increase the likelihood for heart disease , the relationship is not linear - many people with normal cholesterol develop heart disease , and many with high cholesterol do not . `` Death from heart disease '' is the endpoint of interest , but `` cholesterol '' is the surrogate marker . A clinical trial may show that a particular drug ( for example , simvastatin ( Zocor ) ) is effective in reducing cholesterol , without showing directly that simvastatin prevents death . Proof of Zocor 's efficacy in reducing cardiovascular disease was only presented five years after its original introduction , and then only for secondary prevention . In another case , AstraZeneca has been accused of marketing rosuvastatin ( Crestor ) without providing hard endpoint data , relying instead on surrogate endpoints . The company counters that it had been tested on larger groups of patients than any other drug in the class , and that its effects should be comparable to the other statins .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c8e6641f8ec1d9099fabbb3dc4bf3d07",
"text": "Fluoroquinolone-associated disability Fluoroquinolone-Associated Disability ( `` FQAD '' ) is an FDA formal review identification for a constellation of symptoms that have been identified in the FDA 's Adverse Event Reporting System ( FAERS ) in review of data in the fluoroquinolone safety reports . This identification was formally published as a Briefing document for a joint meeting of the Antimicrobial Drugs Advisory Committee and the Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee . These Adverse Reactions have been identified as leading to disability . Individuals with FQAD are defined as `` U.S. patients who were reported to be previously healthy and prescribed an oral fluoroquinolone antibacterial drug for the treatment of uncomplicated sinusitis , bronchitis , or urinary tract infection ( UTI ) . '' Fluoroquinolone-Associated Disability is identified with the following Quinolone drugs : Avelox ( Moxifloxacin ) Cipro , Cipro XR , Proquin XR ( Ciprofloxacin ) , Factive ( gemifloxacin ) , Levaquin ( Levofloxacin ) , Floxin ( ofloxacin ) Criteria that the FDA is using for this class of adverse events are : US Cases Outcome : Disability only Oral dosage forms In the report on FQAD , the FDA has used the regulatory definition of disability as `` a substantial disruption of a person 's ability to conduct normal life functions '' ( 21 CFR 314.80 ) . However this judgment review is not meant to represent a legal definition of this disruption . The FDA identifies a `` healthy patient '' as a person `` able to perform all of the usual activities of daily living without significant restrictions prior to taking the fluoroquinolone . '' Adverse Reactions and events associated with FQAD that have been reported and documented are : Tendonitis and tendon rupture , Central Nervous System effects , Peripheral Neuropathy , Myasthenia Gravis Exacerbation , QT Prolongation Torsades de Pointes ( TdP ) , Phototoxicity , Hypersensitivity , Arthritis , Brain Fog and Anxiety . November 5 , 2015 : A meeting was conducted by FDA regarding the risk - benefits while the affected speakers presented their cases . Note : FQAD is not a diagnosis but a cluster of symptoms post dosage of quinolones . The U.S. FDA added a black box warning for fluoroquinolone antibiotics pertaining to peripheral nerve damage . In a communication dated 15 August 2013 , the following warning was posted on the FDA website : `` FDA Drug Safety Communication : FDA requires label changes to warn of risk for possibly permanent nerve damage from antibacterial fluoroquinolone drugs taken by mouth or by injection . '' FDA Discussion on FQAD : On Thursday , November 5 , 2015 , there was a meeting convened by the FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION CENTER FOR DRUG EVALUATION AND RESEARCH . JOINT MEETING OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS ADVISORY COMMITTEE AND THE DRUG SAFETY AND RISK MANAGEMENT ADVISORY COMMITTEE . Meeting was held on Thursday , November 5 , 2015 8:01 a.m. to 6:05 p.m. FDA White Oak Campus Building 31 , The Great Room , White Oak Conference Center , in Silver Spring , Maryland . Present were representatives from the FDA , The Pharmaceutical industry , and members of the general public , offering testimony regarding the use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics along with the subsequent risks and benefits of the `` systemic fluoroquinolone antibacterial drugs for the treatment of acute bacterial sinusitis , acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in patients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease , and uncomplicated urinary tract infections in the context of available safety information and the treatment effect of antibacterial drugs in these clinical conditions . '' Presiding was Captain Monica Parise , the chairperson for the Antimicrobial Drugs Advisory Committee . This was a joint meeting of the Antimicrobial Drugs Advisory Committee and Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee of the FDA . After lengthy testimony and discussion , the committees decided that the current labeling for these drugs was unacceptable , recommending additional study , discussion and action to make both patient and practitioners aware of the potential for both temporary and permanent adverse reactions to the drugs , particularly requiring physicians to be more completely informed that fluoroquinolones are not to be used as a first line of defense against the three maladies discussed . The additional use of `` REMS '' ( Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy ) to require practitioners to review the potential consequences of using these medicines with their patients was recommended as well . There are 476 pages of testimony and discussion in the record . ( see reference for complete transcript )",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1d37b645816af637ee647d18ac410b1a",
"text": "Gross examination Gross examination or `` grossing '' is the process by which pathology specimens are inspected with the bare eye to obtain diagnostic information , while being processed for further microscopic examination . Gross examination of surgical specimens is typically performed by a pathologist , or by a pathologists ' assistant working within a pathology practice . Individuals trained in these fields are often able to gather diagnostically critical information in this stage of processing , including the stage and margin status of surgically removed tumors . The initial step in any examination of a clinical specimen is confirmation of the identity of the patient and the anatomical site from which the specimen was obtained . Sufficient clinical data should be communicated by the clinical team to the pathology team in order to guide the appropriate diagnostic examination and interpretation of the specimen - if such information is not provided , it must be obtained by the examiner prior to processing the specimen . There are usually two end products of the gross examination of a surgical specimen . The first is the gross description , a document which serves as the written record of the examiner 's findings , and is included in the final pathology report . The second product is a set of tissue blocks , typically postage stamp-sized portions of tissue sealed in plastic cassettes , which will be processed into slides for microscopic examination . Since only a minority of the tissue from a large specimen can reasonably be subject to microscopic examination , the success of the final histological diagnosis is highly dependent on the skill of the professional performing the gross examination . The gross examiner may sample portions of the specimen for other types of ancillary tests as diagnostically indicated ; these include microbiological culture , flow cytometry , cytogenetics , or electron microscopy .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a6048abea3c32c16e149e4fed69f00ab",
"text": "Alternative cancer treatments Alternative cancer treatments are alternative or complementary treatments for cancer that have not been approved by the government agencies responsible for the regulation of therapeutic goods . They include diet and exercise , chemicals , herbs , devices , and manual procedures . The treatments are not supported by evidence , either because no proper testing has been conducted , or because testing did not demonstrate statistically significant efficacy . Concerns have been raised about the safety of some of them . Some treatments that have been proposed in the past have been found in clinical trials to be useless or unsafe . Some of these obsolete or disproven treatments continue to be promoted , sold , and used . Promoting or marketing such treatments is illegal in most of the developed world including the United States and European Union . A distinction is typically made between complementary treatments which do not disrupt conventional medical treatment , and alternative treatments which may replace conventional treatment . Alternative cancer treatments are typically contrasted with experimental cancer treatments -- which are treatments for which experimental testing is underway -- and with complementary treatments , which are non-invasive practices used alongside other treatment . All approved chemotherapeutic cancer treatments were considered experimental cancer treatments before their safety and efficacy testing was completed . Since the 1940s , medical science has developed chemotherapy , radiation therapy , adjuvant therapy and the newer targeted therapies , as well as refined surgical techniques for removing cancer . Before the development of these modern , evidence-based treatments , 90 % of cancer patients died within five years . With modern mainstream treatments , only 34 % of cancer patients die within five years . However , while mainstream forms of cancer treatment generally prolong life or permanently cure cancer , most treatments also have side effects ranging from unpleasant to fatal , such as pain , blood clots , fatigue , and infection . These side effects and the lack of a guarantee that treatment will be successful create appeal for alternative treatments for cancer , which purport to cause fewer side effects or to increase survival rates . Alternative cancer treatments have typically not undergone properly conducted , well-designed clinical trials , or the results have not been published due to publication bias ( a refusal to publish results of a treatment outside that journal 's focus area , guidelines or approach ) . Among those that have been published , the methodology is often poor . A 2006 systematic review of 214 articles covering 198 clinical trials of alternative cancer treatments concluded that almost none conducted dose-ranging studies , which are necessary to ensure that the patients are being given a useful amount of the treatment . These kinds of treatments appear and vanish frequently , and have throughout history .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ecb543c259e0b0f5b3469faef6a76a44",
"text": "Kaposi's sarcoma Kaposi 's sarcoma or Kaposi sarcoma ( -LSB- ˈkæpəʃi_sɑrˈkoʊmə -RSB- KS ) is a tumor caused by infection with human herpesvirus 8 ( HHV8 ) , also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) or KS agent . It was originally described by Moritz Kaposi , a Hungarian dermatologist practicing at the University of Vienna in 1872 . It became more widely known as one of the AIDS-defining illnesses in the 1980s . The viral cause for this cancer was discovered in 1994 . Although KS is now well-established to be caused by a viral infection , there is widespread lack of awareness of this even among persons at risk for KSHV/HHV -8 infection . Kaposi sarcoma ( KS ) is a systemic disease that can present with cutaneous lesions with or without internal involvement . Four subtypes have been described : Classic KS , affecting middle aged men of Mediterranean descent ; African endemic KS ; KS in iatrogenically immunosuppressed patients ; and AIDS-related KS . The erythematous to violaceous cutaneous lesions seen in KS have several morphologies : macular , patch , plaque , nodular , and exophytic . The cutaneous lesions can be solitary , localized or disseminated . KS can involve the oral cavity , lymph nodes , and viscera . Classic KS tends to be indolent , presenting with erythematous or violaceous patches on the lower extremities . African endemic KS and AIDS-related KS tend to be more aggressive . The AIDS-related KS lesions often rapidly progress to plaques and nodules affecting the upper trunk , face , and oral mucosa . The diagnosis can be made with a tissue biopsy and , if clinically indicated , internal imaging should be done . Once the diagnosis of KS has been made , treatment is based on the subtype and the presence of localized versus systemic disease . Localized cutaneous disease can be treated with cryotherapy , intralesional injections of vinblastine , alitretinoin gel , radiotherapy , topical immunotherapy ( Imiquimod ) , or surgical excision . Extensive cutaneous disease or internal disease may require intravenous chemotherapy and immunotherapy . Discontinuation or reduction of immunosuppressive therapy is recommended when KS arises in the setting of iatrogenic immunosuppression . However , with AIDS-related KS , highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) has been shown to prevent , or induce regression of , KS . Some AIDS patients have complete resolution of the lesions and prolonged remission while continuing the therapy . Therefore , HAART should be considered first-line treatment for these patients , though they may require other treatments at the same time .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "42927f5b7253106a5ec4a32f97eb1bf8",
"text": "List of women who died in childbirth This is a list of notable women , either famous themselves or closely associated with someone well known , who suffered maternal death as defined by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) : `` the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy , irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy , from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes . '' Note that this wording includes abortion , miscarriage , stillbirth , and ectopic pregnancy . Generally , there is a distinction between a direct maternal death that is the result of a complication of the pregnancy , delivery , or management of the two , and an indirect maternal death that is a pregnancy-related death in a woman with a pre-existing or newly developed health problem unrelated to pregnancy . Fatalities during but unrelated to a pregnancy are termed accidental , incidental , or non-obstetrical maternal deaths . However , the WHO definition is only one of many ; other definitions may include accidental and incidental causes . Cases with `` incidental causes '' include deaths secondary to violence against women that may be related to the pregnancy and be affected by the socioeconomic and cultural environment . Also , it has been reported that about 10 % of maternal deaths may occur late , that is after 42 days after a termination or delivery ; thus , some definitions extend the period of observation to one year after the end of gestation .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "09f95532cded7aa6ee78cdb7aee3baff",
"text": "Warburg hypothesis The Warburg hypothesis ( -LSB- ˈvɑrbʊərg -RSB- ) , sometimes known as the Warburg theory of cancer , postulates that the driver of tumorigenesis is an insufficient cellular respiration caused by insult to mitochondria . The term Warburg effect describes the observation that cancer cells , and many cells grown in-vitro , exhibit glucose fermentation even when enough oxygen is present to properly respire . In other words , instead of fully respiring in the presence of adequate oxygen , cancer cells ferment . The Warburg hypothesis was that the Warburg effect was the root cause of cancer . The current popular opinion is that cancer cells ferment glucose while keeping up the same level of respiration that was present before the process of carcinogenesis , and thus the Warburg effect would be defined as the observation that cancer cells exhibit glycolysis with lactate secretion and mitochondrial respiration even in the presence of oxygen .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a8b54cfd6ab69f2fd509a8281ab05254",
"text": "Parkinson's disease Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system . The symptoms generally come on slowly over time . Early in the disease , the most obvious are shaking , rigidity , slowness of movement , and difficulty with walking . Thinking and behavioral problems may also occur . Dementia becomes common in the advanced stages of the disease . Depression and anxiety are also common occurring in more than a third of people with PD . Other symptoms include sensory , sleep , and emotional problems . The main motor symptoms are collectively called `` parkinsonism '' , or a `` parkinsonian syndrome '' . The cause of Parkinson 's disease is generally unknown , but believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors . Those with a family member affected are more likely to get the disease themselves . There is also an increased risk in people exposed to certain pesticides and among those who have had prior head injuries while there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers and those who drink coffee or tea . The motor symptoms of the disease result from the death of cells in the substantia nigra , a region of the midbrain . This results in not enough dopamine in these areas . The reason for this cell death is poorly understood , but involves the build-up of proteins into Lewy bodies in the neurons . Diagnosis of typical cases is mainly based on symptoms , with tests such as neuroimaging being used to rule out other diseases . There is no cure for Parkinson 's disease . Initial treatment is typically with the antiparkinson medication L-DOPA ( levodopa ) , with dopamine agonists being used once levodopa becomes less effective . As the disease progresses and neurons continue to be lost , these medications become less effective while at the same time they produce a complication marked by involuntary writhing movements . Diet and some forms of rehabilitation have shown some effectiveness at improving symptoms . Surgery to place microelectrodes for deep brain stimulation has been used to reduce motor symptoms in severe cases where drugs are ineffective . Evidence for treatments for the non-movement-related symptoms of PD , such as sleep disturbances and emotional problems , is less strong . In 2015 , PD affected 6.2 million people and resulted in about 117,400 deaths globally . Parkinson 's disease typically occurs in people over the age of 60 , of which about one percent are affected . Males are more often affected than females . When it is seen in people before the age of 50 , it is called young-onset PD . The average life expectancy following diagnosis is between 7 and 14 years . The disease is named after the English doctor James Parkinson , who published the first detailed description in An Essay on the Shaking Palsy , in 1817 . Public awareness campaigns include World Parkinson 's Day ( on the birthday of James Parkinson , 11 April ) and the use of a red tulip as the symbol of the disease . People with parkinsonism who have increased the public 's awareness of the condition include actor Michael J. Fox , Olympic cyclist Davis Phinney , and late professional boxer Muhammad Ali .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b4c3baaed6997daac4a78eb0ecd03504",
"text": "Median follow-up In statistics , median follow-up is the median time between a specified event and the time when data on outcomes are gathered . The concept is used in cancer survival analyses . Many cancer studies aim to assess the time between two events of interest , such as from treatment to remission , treatment to relapse , or diagnosis to death . This duration is generically called survival time , even if the end point is not death . Time-to-event studies must have sufficiently long follow-up durations to capture enough events to reveal meaningful patterns in the data . A short follow-up duration is appropriate for studying very severe cancers with poor prognoses , whereas a long follow-up duration is better suited to studying less-severe disease , or participants with good prognoses . Median follow-up time is included in about half the survival analyses published in cancer journals , but of those , only 31 % specify the method used to compute it .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9de20d4d8db97c7c464a8d99da27a709",
"text": "Xenotransplantation Xenotransplantation ( xenos - from the Greek meaning `` foreign '' ) , is the transplantation of living cells , tissues or organs from one species to another . Such cells , tissues or organs are called xenografts or xenotransplants . It is contrasted with allotransplantation ( from other individual of same species ) , Syngeneic transplantation ( Grafts transplanted between two genetically identical individuals of the same species ) and Autotransplantation ( from one part of the body to another in the same person ) . Xenotransplantation of human tumor cells into immunocompromised mice is a research technique frequently used in pre-clinical oncology research . Human xenotransplantation offers a potential treatment for end-stage organ failure , a significant health problem in parts of the industrialized world . It also raises many novel medical , legal and ethical issues . A continuing concern is that many animals , such as pigs , have a shorter lifespan than humans , meaning that their tissues age at a quicker rate . Disease transmission ( xenozoonosis ) and permanent alteration to the genetic code of animals are also causes for concern . A few successful cases of xenotransplantation are published . It is not uncommon for patients and physicians to use the term `` allograft '' imprecisely to refer to either allograft ( human-to-human ) or xenograft ( animal-to-human ) , but it is helpful scientifically ( for those searching or reading the scientific literature ) to maintain the more precise distinction in usage .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "46da54d6dfaeb14e2b8627a5140ee404",
"text": "Cure A cure is the end of a medical condition ; the substance or procedure that ends the medical condition , such as a medication , a surgical operation , a change in lifestyle , or even a philosophical mindset that helps end a person 's sufferings ; or the state of being healed , or cured . A remission is a temporary end to the medical signs and symptoms of an incurable disease . A disease is said to be incurable if there is always a chance of the patient relapsing , no matter how long the patient has been in remission . An incurable disease may or may not be a terminal illness ; conversely , a curable illness can still result in the patient 's death . The proportion of people with a disease that are cured by a given treatment , called the cure fraction or cure rate , is determined by comparing disease-free survival of treated people against a matched control group that never had the disease . Another way of determining the cure fraction and/or `` cure time '' is by measuring when the hazard rate in a diseased group of individuals returns to the hazard rate measured in the general population . Inherent in the idea of a cure is the permanent end to the specific instance of the disease . When a person has the common cold , and then recovers from it , the person is said to be cured , even though the person might someday catch another cold . Conversely , a person that has successfully managed a disease , such as diabetes mellitus , so that it produces no undesirable symptoms for the moment , but without actually permanently ending it , is not cured . Related concepts , whose meaning can differ , include response , remission and recovery .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8092731239719b05540c71142a91e957",
"text": "Safety of electronic cigarettes The safety of electronic cigarettes is uncertain . There is little data about their safety , and considerable variability among e-cigarettes and in their liquid ingredients and thus the contents of the aerosol delivered to the user . Reviews on the safety of e-cigarettes have reached significantly different conclusions . A 2014 World Health Organization ( WHO ) report cautioned about potential risks of using e-cigarettes . Regulated US Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) products such as nicotine inhalers are likely safer than e-cigarettes , . A systematic review suggests that e-cigarettes are less harmful than smoking and since they contain no tobacco and do not involve combustion , users may avoid several harmful constituents usually found in tobacco smoke . However , e-cigarettes can not be considered harmless . E-cigarettes have been found to reduce lung and myocardial function , increase inflammation , and have toxic content including carcinogens , but to a much lower extent than combustible cigarettes in virtually all cases . The long-term effects of e-cigarette use are unknown . A 2015 study found serious adverse events related to e-cigarettes were hypotension , seizure , chest pain , rapid heartbeat , disorientation , and congestive heart failure but it was unclear to the degree they were the result of e-cigarettes . Less serious adverse effects may include abdominal pain , headache , blurry vision , throat and mouth irritation , vomiting , nausea , and coughing . A 2014 WHO report said , `` ENDS -LSB- electronic nicotine delivery system -RSB- use poses serious threats to adolescents and fetuses . '' Aside from toxicity exposure in normal use , there are also risks from misuse or accidents such as nicotine poisoning ( especially among infants and children ) , contact with liquid nicotine , fires caused by vaporizer malfunction , and explosions resulting from extended charging , unsuitable chargers , or design flaws . Battery explosions are caused by an increase in internal battery temperature and some have resulted in severe skin burns . There is a small risk of battery explosion in devices modified to increase battery power . The cytotoxicity of e-liquids varies , and contamination with various chemicals have been detected in the liquid . Metal parts of e-cigarettes in contact with the e-liquid can contaminate it with metals . Many chemicals including carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde can inadvertently be produced when the nichrome wire ( heating element ) that touches the e-liquid is heated and chemically reacted with the liquid . Normal usage of e-cigarettes , and reduced voltage ( 3.0 V ) devices generate very low levels of formaldehyde . Later-generation e-cigarettes used with higher power may generate equal or higher levels of formaldehyde than compared to smoking . A 2015 review found that these levels were the result of overheating under test conditions that bear little resemblance to common usage . A 2015 Public Health England ( PHE ) report found that high levels of formaldehyde only occurred in overheated `` dry-puffing '' . Users detect the `` dry puff '' and avoid it , and they concluded that `` There is no indication that EC users are exposed to dangerous levels of aldehydes . '' However , e-cigarette users may `` learn '' to overcome the unpleasant taste due to elevated aldehyde formation , when the nicotine craving is high enough . E-cigarette users who use devices that contain nicotine are exposed to its potentially harmful effects . Nicotine is associated with cardiovascular disease , potential birth defects , and poisoning . In vitro studies of nicotine have associated it with cancer , but carcinogenicity has not been demonstrated in vivo . There is inadequate research to demonstrate that nicotine is associated with cancer in humans . The risk is probably low from the inhalation of propylene glycol and glycerin . No information is available on the long-term effects of the inhalation of flavors . E-cigarettes create an aerosol that consists of fine and ultrafine particles of particulate matter , with the majority of particles in the ultrafine range . The vapor have been found to contain flavors , propylene glycol , glycerin , nicotine , tiny amounts of toxicants , carcinogens , heavy metals , and metal nanoparticles , and other substances . Exactly what the vapor comprises varies in composition and concentration across and within manufacturers . E-cigarette vapor potentially contains harmful substances not found in tobacco smoke . The majority of toxic chemicals found in tobacco smoke are absent in e-cigarette vapor . E-cigarette vapor contains lower concentrations of potentially toxic chemicals than with cigarette smoke . Those which are present , are mostly below 1 % the corresponding levels permissible by workplace safety standards . But workplace safety standards do not recognize exposure to certain vulnerable groups such as people with medical ailments , children , and infants who may be exposed to second-hand vapor . Concern exists that some of the mainstream vapor exhaled by e-cigarette users may be inhaled by bystanders , particularly indoors . E-cigarette use by a parent might lead to inadvertent health risks to offspring . A 2014 review recommended that e-cigarettes should be regulated for consumer safety . There is limited information available on the environmental issues around production , use , and disposal of e-cigarettes that use cartridges .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ed3fa13abb90bb991f9e4a1347431771",
"text": "Chemotherapy Chemotherapy ( often abbreviated to chemo and sometimes CTX or CTx ) is a category of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs ( chemotherapeutic agents ) as part of a standardized chemotherapy regimen . Chemotherapy may be given with a curative intent ( which almost always involves combinations of drugs ) , or it may aim to prolong life or to reduce symptoms ( palliative chemotherapy ) . Chemotherapy is one of the major categories of the medical discipline specifically devoted to pharmacotherapy for cancer , which is called medical oncology . By common usage , the term chemotherapy has come to connote the use of rather non-specific intracellular poisons , especially related to inhibiting the process of cell division known as mitosis , and generally excludes agents that more selectively block extracellular growth signals ( i.e. blockers of signal transduction ) . To avoid these connotations for recently developed ( against specific molecular or genetic targets ) therapies which inhibit of growth-promoting signals coming from classic endocrine hormones ( primarily estrogens for breast cancer and androgens for prostate cancer ) is known as hormonal therapy , while the inhibition of other growth-promoting influences ( especially those associated with receptor tyrosine kinases ) is known as targeted therapy . Importantly , the use of drugs ( whether chemotherapy , hormonal therapy or targeted therapy ) constitutes systemic therapy for cancer in that they are introduced into the blood stream and are therefore in principle able to address cancer at any anatomic location in the body . Systemic therapy is often used in conjunction with other modalities that constitute local therapy ( i.e. treatments whose efficacy is confined to the anatomic area where they are applied ) for cancer such as radiation therapy , surgery and/or hyperthermia therapy . Traditional chemotherapeutic agents are cytotoxic by means of interfering with cell division ( mitosis ) but cancer cells vary widely in their susceptibility to these agents . To a large extent , chemotherapy can be thought of as a way to damage or stress cells , which may then lead to cell death if apoptosis is initiated . Many of the side effects of chemotherapy can be traced to damage to normal cells that divide rapidly and are thus sensitive to anti-mitotic drugs : cells in the bone marrow , digestive tract and hair follicles . This results in the most common side-effects of chemotherapy : myelosuppression ( decreased production of blood cells , hence also immunosuppression ) , mucositis ( inflammation of the lining of the digestive tract ) , and alopecia ( hair loss ) . Because of the effect on immune cells ( especially lymphocytes ) , chemotherapy drugs often find use in a host of diseases that result from harmful overactivity of the immune system against self ( so-called autoimmunity ) . These include rheumatoid arthritis , systemic lupus erythematosus , multiple sclerosis , vasculitis and many others .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "743a64c62e87dcc183cb773289154a30",
"text": "Long-term effects of alcohol consumption The long-term effects of alcohol ( ethanol ) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular disease to severe detrimental effects in cases of chronic alcohol abuse . Health effects associated with alcohol intake in large amounts include an increased risk of alcoholism , malnutrition , chronic pancreatitis , alcoholic liver disease , and cancer . In addition , damage to the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system can occur from chronic alcohol abuse . The long-term use of alcohol is capable of damaging nearly every organ and system in the body . The developing adolescent brain is particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol . In addition , the developing fetal brain is also vulnerable , and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders ( FASDs ) may result if pregnant mothers consume alcohol . The inverse relation in Western cultures between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease has been known for over 100 years . Many physicians do not promote alcohol consumption , however , given the many health concerns associated with it , some suggest that alcohol should be regarded as a recreational drug , and promote exercise and good nutrition to combat cardiovascular disease . Others have argued that the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption may be outweighed by other increased risks , including those of injuries , violence , fetal damage , liver disease , and certain forms of cancer . Withdrawal effects and dependence are also almost identical . Alcohol at moderate levels has some positive and negative effects on health . The negative effects include increased risk of liver diseases , oropharyngeal cancer , esophageal cancer and pancreatitis . Conversely moderate intake of alcohol may have some beneficial effects on gastritis and cholelithiasis . Of the total number of deaths and diseases caused by alcohol , most happen to the majority of the population who are moderate drinkers , rather than the heavy drinker minority . Chronic alcohol misuse and abuse has serious effects on physical and mental health . Chronic excess alcohol intake , or alcohol dependence , can lead to a wide range of neuropsychiatric or neurological impairment , cardiovascular disease , liver disease , and malignant neoplasms . The psychiatric disorders which are associated with alcoholism include major depression , dysthymia , mania , hypomania , panic disorder , phobias , generalized anxiety disorder , personality disorders , schizophrenia , suicide , neurologic deficits ( e.g. impairments of working memory , emotions , executive functions , visuospatial abilities and gait and balance ) and brain damage . Alcohol dependence is associated with hypertension , coronary heart disease , and ischemic stroke , cancer of the respiratory system , and also cancers of the digestive system , liver , breast and ovaries . Heavy drinking is associated with liver disease , such as cirrhosis . Excessive alcohol consumption can have a negative impact on aging . Recent studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms by which moderate alcohol consumption confers cardiovascular benefit .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "82d21f2691ba341e618134ea096f3f8a",
"text": "David A. Karnofsky David A. Karnofsky ( 1914 -- 1969 ) was an American clinical oncologist . In 1940 , while he was a resident at the Colis P. Huntington Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research of the Harvard University , David A. Karnofsky began clinical investigation in cancer , and devoted himself to this area throughout his career . He was an internationally recognized specialist in cancer chemotherapy and affiliated with the Division of Experimental Chemotherapy , Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research . Karnofsky received his medical degree in 1940 from Stanford University . In the early years of his career at the Collis P. Huntington Memorial Laboratory at Harvard University , he became interested in clinical cancer research . This interest was further fueled by experiments he conducted during World War II as part of the Army Chemical Warfare Service . Karnofsky is considered one of the pioneer medical oncologists , devoting his 30-year career to the successful use of chemotherapeutic agents to treat cancer . In 1948 Karnofsky , together with Dr. Walter H. Abelmann , Dr. Lloyd F. Craver , and Dr. Joseph H. Burchenal ( the latter also worked in the Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research ) , described the Karnofsky Performance Status Scale . The primary purpose of the development of the scale was to allow physicians to evaluate a patient 's ability to survive chemotherapy for cancer in a more objective manner . The widely used Karnofsky score runs from 100 to 0 , where 100 is `` perfect '' health and 0 is death . Practitioners occasionally assign performance scores in between standard intervals of 10 . When Karnofsky died of lung cancer in August 1969 , a group of his friends donated a fund to be used to finance a yearly lecture at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology ( ASCO ) . An obituary detailing his works was written by Joseph H. Burchenal .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
82ad180525019ebf75dbf906865ac92f | Ron Swanson has two ex-wives that are both named Tammy. | [
{
"docid": "948951b97fc04d74cf5af39bad7a9b9f",
"text": "Ron Swanson Ronald Ulysses `` Ron '' Swanson is a fictional character portrayed by Nick Offerman from the situation comedy television series Parks and Recreation on NBC , created by Greg Daniels and Michael Schur . In the series , Ron is the director of the Parks and Recreation department of fictional Pawnee , Indiana , and the immediate superior of series protagonist Leslie Knope ( Amy Poehler ) until Knope 's election to the Pawnee City Council at the end of Season 4 . In demeanor , political philosophy and work ethic , Knope and Swanson are very nearly polar opposites : where Knope is sunny and outgoing , decidedly liberal and constantly working , Swanson is distant , and as a staunch libertarian , is a strong advocate for small government -- stating his belief that government should be privatized -- and therefore believes that the parks department should not even exist . Ron , who has an extremely deadpan and masculine personality , actively works to make city hall less effective and despises interacting with the public . He loves meat , woodworking , hunting , whisky , and breakfast foods . He hates and fears his two ex-wives , both named Tammy , one of whom is played by Offerman 's real-life wife , Megan Mullally . Ron claims not to be interested in the personal lives of those around him but actually cares a great deal about his colleagues , and has a particularly strong respect for Leslie . Conceived by series creators Michael Schur and Greg Daniels , Ron has been a central character since the pilot episode of Parks and Recreation . Offerman had some input into the character 's creation , and some aspects of Ron 's personality were inspired by the actor , like his affinity for woodworking and 16-year-old Lagavulin Single Malt Scotch . The traits of the character were also partially inspired by a real-life Libertarian elected official in Burbank , California . Offerman 's portrayal of Ron Swanson has received critical acclaim . The character developed a cult following and is widely considered the breakout character of the series . Schur called Ron `` our cast MVP . '' He was described by some critics as one of the best characters in a situation comedy in decades , and has been called the best comedic character on television since Cosmo Kramer of Seinfeld . Ron 's platonic relationship with Leslie has been compared to that of Mary Richards and Lou Grant in The Mary Tyler Moore Show . Offerman received several award nominations for the role , and won the TCA Award for Individual Achievement in Comedy , tying with Ty Burrell of Modern Family .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "55cf8aed786f582f3faa03993cc790b3",
"text": "Frankie Stone Frankie Stone is a fictional character from the American ABC Daytime soap opera , All My Children . Portrayed by Elizabeth Hendrickson from September 27 to November 28 , 2001 , the character was noted as popular , having gained `` a huge following '' after only three months on the series . When she was killed off , the popularity and loyal following the character had obtained resulted in Hendrickson being brought back as the character 's identical twin sister , Maggie Stone .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "42b52663b77bdff79b543fc6ecbff25f",
"text": "Robert Swanson (inventor)",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a894b0705d32bfaf75922aaa2d1a1ef0",
"text": "Linda Henry Linda Valiris , known professionally by her maiden name , Linda Henry ( born 1 January 1963 ) is an English actress , known for her roles as Yvonne Atkins in the ITV television drama Bad Girls ( 1999 -- 2003 ) and Shirley Carter in the BBC soap opera EastEnders , a role she has played since 2006 . She had previously appeared in EastEnders as the original Lorraine Salter , the mother of Mandy Salter ( Nicola Stapleton ) from 1991 to 1992 . Her other TV credits include Cracker ( 1995 ) , Prime Suspect ( 1997 ) and Trial & Retribution ( 1998 ) . She has also appeared in the films Beautiful Thing ( 1996 ) and The Business ( 2005 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9a50e141ddbf363311082e4ba503a76a",
"text": "Joyce Ricketts Joyce Ricketts -LSB- ״ Rick ״ -RSB- ( April 25 , 1933 -- May 8 , 1992 ) was a right fielder who played from through in the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League . She batted left-handed and threw right-handed . Born in Oquawka , Illinois , Joyce Ricketts barely got a chance to play before the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League folded after the 1954 season . An All-Star for the two years she played in the league , Ricketts ranked high in several offensive categories , which combined with a fine defense and a strong and secure throwing arm , to help the Grand Rapids Chicks win the league championship in the 1953 season . In 1953 Ricketts played all 114 games for the Chicks , batting a .288 average and five home runs , while ranking fourth in runs batted in ( 71 ) and fifth in hits ( 120 ) , doubles ( 19 ) and total bases ( 164 ) , being selected for the All-Star Team . Grand Rapids , with Woody English at the helm , swept the Kalamazoo Lassies in the final best-of-three series . In the series opening , Ricketts hit an RBI-single in the bottom of the fourth to put his team up ( 3 -- 2 ) , an advantage that never lost and ended up winning the game , 5 -- 2 . Mary Lou Studnicka earned the victory , while Eleanor Moore was credited with a save . In the next game , Ricketts smashed a go-ahead , two-RBI double in the sixth inning , to give the Chicks a 4 -- 3 lead for the rest of the game . Late in the inning , she used her strong arm from right field to throw out the potential tying run at home plate . Pitcher Earlene Risinger went the distance and stroke out nine Lassies players , including a bases loaded strikeout to retire slugger Doris Sams for the last out of the game . In the series , Ricketts went 4-for-6 ( .667 ) with a pair of doubles and four RBI to lead all hitters . In 1954 Ricketts hit .317 and clobbered 15 home runs in 92 games , ending fourth in RBI ( 72 ) and eight in total bases ( 159 ) . She also finished ninth in average and tied for second in doubles ( 14 ) , while joining the All-Star Team for the second time . Joyce Ricketts is part of Women in Baseball , a permanent display based at the Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown , New York , which was unveiled in 1988 to honor the entire All-American Girls Professional Baseball League . She died in Oquawka , Illinois , at the age of 59 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "286327c8cb4b3e86c277c94e44b0c7f2",
"text": "Linda Ronstadt Linda Maria Ronstadt ( born July 15 , 1946 ) is an American popular music singer . She has earned 11 Grammy Awards , three American Music Awards , two Academy of Country Music awards , an Emmy Award , and an ALMA Award , and many of her albums have been certified gold , platinum or multiplatinum in the United States and internationally . She has also earned nominations for a Tony Award and a Golden Globe award . She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in April 2014 . On July 28 , 2014 , she was awarded the National Medal of Arts and Humanities . In total , she has released over 30 studio albums and 15 compilation or greatest hits albums . Ronstadt charted 38 Billboard Hot 100 singles , with 21 reaching the top 40 , 10 in the top 10 , three at number 2 , and `` You 're No Good '' at number 1 . This success did not translate to the UK , with only her single `` Blue Bayou '' reaching the UK Top 40 . Her duet with Aaron Neville , `` Do n't Know Much '' , peaked at number 2 in December 1989 . In addition , she has charted 36 albums , 10 top-10 albums and three number 1 albums on the Billboard Pop Album Chart . Her autobiography , Simple Dreams : A Musical Memoir , was published in September 2013 . It debuted in the Top 10 on The New York Times Best Seller list . Ronstadt has collaborated with artists in diverse genres , including Bette Midler , Billy Eckstine , Frank Zappa , Rosemary Clooney , Flaco Jiménez , Philip Glass , Warren Zevon , Emmylou Harris , Gram Parsons , Dolly Parton , Neil Young , Johnny Cash , and Nelson Riddle . She has lent her voice to over 120 albums and has sold more than 100 million records , making her one of the world 's best-selling artists of all time . Christopher Loudon , of Jazz Times , wrote in 2004 that Ronstadt is `` blessed with arguably the most sterling set of pipes of her generation . '' After completing her last live concert in late 2009 , Ronstadt retired in 2011 . She was diagnosed as having Parkinson 's disease in December 2012 , which left her unable to sing .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e6c0dd10c817fc76a7122dd9e53e76b6",
"text": "Paul Willson Paul Lee Willson ( born December 25 , 1945 ) is an American actor , most notable for his television work . He was born in Fairmont , Minnesota , the son of Doris Geraldine and Lee Wilford Willson . Willson has played numerous guest characters on a variety of shows including Full House as Stu in episode `` Crimes and Michelle 's Demeanor '' in 1990 , Curb Your Enthusiasm , Boston Public , Caroline in the City , The Newsroom and Star Trek : Voyager . He is perhaps most famous for his repeated guest character of `` Paul Krapence '' on the television show Cheers ( which he also reprised in an episode of the Cheers spin-off , Frasier ) . His character was originally called `` Gregg '' because Paul Vaughn was already playing a character named `` Paul '' on Cheers . For five years ( 1986-1990 ) he was Garry Shandling 's neighbor `` Leonard Smith '' on It 's Garry Shandling 's Show . Willson also appeared on Garry Shandling 's The Larry Sanders Show playing Larry 's accountant , and the brother of Sid the cue card holder . He played Ed , a neighbor , in a few episodes of Malcolm in the Middle . His film appearances include The Pack ( 1977 ) , The Devonsville Terror ( 1983 ) , My Best Friend Is a Vampire ( 1987 ) , Moving ( 1988 ) , 976-EVIL ( 1988 ) , Problem Child 2 ( 1990 ) , Circuitry Man ( 1990 ) , Plughead Rewired : Circuitry Man II ( 1994 ) and the comedy film Office Space ( 1999 ) as one of `` The Bobs '' . Willson also appeared on the CBS sitcoms The King of Queens and The Big Bang Theory . He was recently in a promotional video for the Nintendo DS game Personal Trainer : Cooking with Fred Willard . Although primarily recognized for his television work , he has been noted as a `` great improv player '' by Garry Shandling as a result of their time working together doing improv in the late 1970s . Cheers producer Ken Levine has also acknowledged Willson as `` one of the greatest improv artists I have EVER seen . '' Since 2012 he has appeared in television ads for Safeco Insurance .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7677d37384754accaa19a98912052c0d",
"text": "April Ludgate April Roberta Ludgate-Dwyer ( portrayed by Aubrey Plaza ) is a fictional character in the NBC comedy Parks and Recreation . She is first seen as an apathetic college student working as an intern in the Pawnee Department of Parks and Recreation , before being hired as Ron Swanson 's assistant . She later becomes the Deputy Director of Animal Control . April , along with Plaza 's performance , garnered universal acclaim and has gained popularity for her goth-like behavior and deadpan-style comedy .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "89b957437d9ab9f3ded7de0f1215755f",
"text": "Joyce Jillson Joyce Jillson ( December 26 , 1945 -- October 1 , 2004 ) was a syndicated newspaper columnist , best-selling author , actress , and astrologer , whose column was syndicated worldwide in more than 200 papers and magazines . Born Joyce Twichell in Cranston , Rhode Island , she attended Boston University on an opera scholarship . She began her acting career in New York City , where she appeared on Broadway in the Anthony Newley musical , The Roar of the Greasepaint -- The Smell of the Crowd . She starred as Jill Smith in ABC Television 's top rated series Peyton Place . She played the lead role in the 1973 cult action spoof Superchick , and also had a small role in the 1976 exploitation film Slumber Party ' 57 . She began presenting horoscope reports on Los Angeles in 1973 , and was the official astrologer for Twentieth Century Fox Studios , suggesting the most astrologically favorable dates for movie openings , including Star Wars on May 25 , 1977 . She was the official astrologer for the Los Angeles Dodgers as well as a media consultant to the Ford Motor Company on the launch of the Ford Taurus . She was also an author , writing Real Women Do n't Pump Gas , The Fine Art of Flirting , `` A Year of Good Luck '' , and Joyce Jillson 's Lifesigns . Her final manuscripts , Astrology for Dogs and Astrology for Cats were published posthumously .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f01ed3ff42454620eaba1084b0cd1e5d",
"text": "A. L. Swanson Arthur Leonard `` Red '' Swanson Sr. ( April 19 , 1905 -- November 4 , 1987 ) was an American football , basketball , and baseball coach . He served as the head football coach at Southeastern Louisiana College -- now known as Southeastern Louisiana University -- from 1931 to 1937 and at Southwestern Louisiana Institute of Liberal and Technical Learning -- now known as the University of Louisiana at Lafayette -- in 1950 compiling career college football coaching record of 46 -- 21 -- 4 . From 1943 to 1945 he served as head coach of the LSU Tigers baseball team . His record as LSU 's baseball coach was 28 -- 23 and led the 1943 team to an Southeastern Conference ( SEC ) championship . During the 1944 -- 45 LSU Tigers basketball season , he served as head coach for the final six games , compiling a 4 -- 2 record . Swanson son , also nicknamed Red Swanson , was a pitcher for the Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball from 1955 to 1957 . The elder Swanson was married to Billie Hightower and died in 1987 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "438b5bacde8c14c2acf0734ed4d52c86",
"text": "Roneeka Hodges Roneeka Hodges ( born July 19 , 1982 ) is an American professional basketball player for the San Antonio Stars of the WNBA ( WNBA ) . Born in New Orleans , Louisiana , she is the twin sister of former WNBA player Doneeka Hodges . A 5 ' 11 '' guard , Hodges played for three seasons with the Houston Comets , who selected her from the 2005 WNBA Draft in the second round , 15th overall . After the Comets folded in the fall of 2008 , the Lynx selected Hodges as the fourth pick in the dispersal draft for former Comets players . On February 6 , 2008 , Hodges was selected by the Atlanta Dream in the expansion draft . She was then traded to the Seattle Storm with the fourth pick for Seattle 's eighth pick and Iziane Castro Marques . She was signed a contract once again to the Houston Comets . Through three seasons with the Comets , Hodges scored 382 points , collected 112 rebounds , 66 assists , 32 steals , and 4 blocks . In 2006 , she scored a career high 247 points , with her career high of 21 coming against the Washington Mystics .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "03f186d2d0663b9f8102a40d97086e60",
"text": "Ron Stone (reporter) Ron Stone ( April 6 , 1936 -- May 13 , 2008 ) was an American news anchor at KPRC-TV in Houston , Texas for 20 years from 1972 to 1992 . He was called `` the most popular and revered news anchor the city has ever known '' by the Houston Chronicle . He was president of Stonefilms , Inc. , a Texas production company .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a0acda70d1a58a1db91746702d46fb7b",
"text": "Tammy Smith Tammy Smith ( born c. 1963 ) is a Major General of the U.S. Army Reserve . She received her confirmation to Major General on July 13th , 2016 and was formally promoted to the position in a ceremony at the U.S. Army Garrison Yongsan in Seoul , Korea . Major General Smith is the Deputy Commanding General-Sustainment for Eighth Army . She also became the first female general officer to serve in an Eighth Army headquarters-level position . Prior to this position , she served as the Commanding General of the 98th Training Division ( Initial Entry Training ) , and served for a year in the Afghanistan War .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4f41b2c4f86623ecc80ae72b1ffd58ea",
"text": "Tammy Baldwin Tammy Suzanne Green Baldwin ( born February 11 , 1962 ) is the junior United States Senator from Wisconsin and a member of the Democratic Party . She previously served as the U.S. Representative from Wisconsin 's 2nd congressional district from 1999 to 2013 , as well as serving three terms in the Wisconsin Assembly representing the 78th district . Baldwin defeated her Republican opponent , former Wisconsin governor Tommy Thompson , in the 2012 U.S. Senate election . She is the first woman elected to represent Wisconsin in the Senate and the first openly gay U.S. Senator in history .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b2b4c2d376b5e59a68b51c3d0cf146cc",
"text": "Sally Struthers Sally Anne Struthers ( born July 28 , 1947 ) is an American actress , spokeswoman and activist best known in the United States for her roles as Gloria Stivic , the daughter of Archie and Edith Bunker ( played by Carroll O'Connor and Jean Stapleton ) on All in the Family , for which she won two Emmy awards , and as Babette on Gilmore Girls . She was the voice of Charlene Sinclair on the ABC sitcom Dinosaurs and Rebecca Cunningham on the Disney animated series TaleSpin .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c047c6c70499ba3e90d60785f7989e02",
"text": "Ron Perry (basketball, born 1958) Ronald K. `` Ron '' Perry ( born March 20 , 1958 ) is an American former basketball and baseball player . He is known particularly for his standout college career at Holy Cross . Perry , the son of former Holy Cross athletic director Ron S. Perry , was a high school star at Catholic Memorial in West Roxbury , Massachusetts . While there , Perry set a Massachusetts state scoring record with 2,481 points in his career , averaging 35 points per game as a senior . He followed in his father 's footsteps , playing both basketball and baseball at Holy Cross . As a freshman shooting guard for the Crusaders , Perry led all freshmen nationally in scoring , netting 23 points per game . Over the course of his four-year career , Perry set the school scoring record with 2,524 points ( 23.2 per game ) . He was named ECAC North co-Player of the Year with Maine 's Rufus Harris as a senior and earned All-American recognition in all four of his varsity seasons . In addition to his basketball career , Perry also excelled as a baseball player for the Crusaders at shortstop . He was also recognized for his achievements in the classroom , earning first team Academic All-American honors in each of his last three seasons in both baseball and basketball . He was inducted into the Academic All-American Hall of Fame in 1996 . Following his graduatiuon from Holy Cross , perry was drafted by both the Chicago White Sox in the 1980 Major League Baseball Draft and by the Boston Celtics in the third round ( 54th pick overall ) of the 1980 NBA draft . After failing to make the Celtics ' roster , Perry opted to try his hand at baseball , playing for the White Sox ' AA affiliate in Glens Falls , New York . He hit .260 in his two seasons with the club .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2eab6f74b18a4d72e4a84daa9cd1677b",
"text": "Alain-Philippe Malagnac d'Argens de Villèle Alain-Philippe Malagnac ( 1951 -- 2000 ) was the adopted son of French writer Roger Peyrefitte , their relationship being a subject of several of the latter 's works . Malagnac was also an art collector and the husband of singer Amanda Lear . Scion of a French aristocratic family , 12-year-old Alain-Philippe had a minor role in the film Les Amitiés particulières ( English title : This Special Friendship ) , released in 1964 , based on the award-winning autobiographical novel by Roger Peyrefitte . Malagnac met Peyrefitte , from when they started a long association professionally and personally . This formed the background to Peyrefitte 's novel , Notre Amour ( Éd . Flammarion , 1967 ) and to L'Enfant de cœur , ( an allusion to Malagnac 's role as a choirboy ( Enfant de Choeur ) in the film ) . At the age of sixteen Malagnac became Peyrefitte 's personal secretary , and as a young man Malagnac was eventually adopted by Peyrefitte . As an adult Malagnac 's career ( often financed by Peyrefitte ) included proprietorship of Le Bronx , one of the first openly gay night clubs in Paris , and briefly managing French singer Sylvie Vartan , a disastrous undertaking which almost bankrupted Peyrefitte , who was forced to sell artworks and erotic antiquities to pay the resulting debts . In 1978 Malagnac met Amanda Lear in Paris , and in April 1979 , while on a trip to the United States , they married . Their marriage lasted twenty one years , until his death . On Saturday , December 16 , 2000 , Malagnac was killed by smoke in a fire at his recently-bought farm house in Saint-Étienne-du-Grès . He died just six weeks after Peyrefitte .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7e367393a29fa847fcb6c80de4155d80",
"text": "The Swan (TV series) The Swan was a 2004 American reality television program broadcast on Fox in which women who were judged to be ugly were given `` extreme makeovers '' that included several forms of plastic surgery . The title of the series refers to the fairy tale The Ugly Duckling , in which a homely bird matures into a swan . Each contestant was assigned a panel of specialists -- a coach , therapist , trainer , cosmetic surgeons , and a dentist -- who together designed a program of total transformation . The contestants ' work ethic , growth , and achievement was monitored over the course of three months . Each week , two women were featured , and at the episode 's conclusion , one went home while another was selected to move to compete in the Swan pageant at the end of the season for a chance to be deemed The Swan . The first two seasons both aired in 2004 . A third season was tipped to happen , but the show was cancelled in early 2005 after ratings continued to drop . The plastic surgeons on the team were chosen for their ability to perform often startling transformations . Drs. Terry Dubrow and Randal Haworth , both board certified by the American Board of Plastic Surgery , were selected by the producers of the show to perform the multiple plastic surgical operations for each of the two aired seasons .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4a35c5d51af99f7fed73cbbfca053b14",
"text": "Duets (Linda Ronstadt album) Duets is a compilation album by Linda Ronstadt . It was released on the Rhino Records label in April 2014 , a few days before Ronstadt 's induction into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame . The album peaked at number 32 on the Billboard album chart - Ronstadt 's highest charting album in 24 years . The songs on the album were all previously released with the exception of `` Pretty Bird '' . In his review for AllMusic critic Stephen Thomas Erlewine states that `` generally , this Duets emphasizes the sweeter , softer , and slower side of Ronstadt , a move that makes for pleasant listening '' . As of December , 2016 , this release had sold a total of 81,316 copies per Nielsen SoundScan .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bd978bb7d1c92cc4a14826bebe8b329d",
"text": "Susan Olsen Susan Marie Olsen ( born August 14 , 1961 ) is an American former child actress , animal welfare advocate , artist , and former radio host . Olsen is known for her role as Cindy Brady , the youngest Brady child in the sitcom The Brady Bunch for the full run of the show , from 1969 to 1974 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b72d24db6e3ee47f5a0087950d3e8ce5",
"text": "Ron Taylor (actor) Ronald James `` Ron '' Taylor ( October 16 , 1952 -- January 16 , 2002 ) was an American actor , singer and writer . He grew up in Galveston , Texas and later moved to New York City to attend the American Academy of Dramatic Arts . After graduating , Taylor began working in musical theater , appearing in The Wiz ( 1977 ) , before getting his break with the 1982 off-Broadway production Little Shop of Horrors . Taylor voiced the killer plant Audrey II in the show , which ran for five years and over 2,000 performances . Taylor created and starred in the musical revue It Ai n't Nothin ' But the Blues , which charted the history of blues music from its African origin to American success . Originally performed at high schools in Denver as a 45-minute piece , the revue was expanded to two hours , played around the country and opened on Broadway in 1999 . It was met with critical acclaim , ran for eight months , and saw Taylor receive two Tony Award nominations . He also had numerous television roles , appearing in The Simpsons , Twin Peaks , Ally McBeal and L.A. Law . His performance in the latter , as a singer who performed the American national anthem `` The Star-Spangled Banner '' at baseball games , led him to perform the anthem at several real-life sporting events . Taylor was married and had one son . He died in January 2002 after suffering a heart attack .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
1bf87e1194b4a963a9040ef7b2ad49b7 | Cricket is an individual sport. | [
{
"docid": "c55e33d5f5a95c5ed7cdf85b5c89ad06",
"text": "Cricket Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a cricket field , at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard-long pitch with a wicket ( a set of three wooden stumps ) at each end . One team bats , attempting to score as many runs as possible , whilst their opponents field . Each phase of play is called an innings . After either ten batsmen have been dismissed or a fixed number of overs have been completed , the innings ends and the two teams then swap roles . The winning team is the one that scores the most runs , including any extras gained , during their innings . At the start of each game , two batsmen and eleven fielders enter the field of play . The play begins when a member of the fielding team , known as the bowler , delivers the ball from one end of the pitch to the other , towards the wicket at that end , in front of which stands one of the batsmen , known as the striker . The striker `` takes guard '' on a crease drawn on the pitch four feet in front of the wicket . His role is to prevent the ball from hitting the stumps by use of his bat , and simultaneously to strike it well enough to score runs . The other batsman , known as the non-striker , waits at the opposite end of the pitch near the bowler . A dismissed batsman must leave the field , and a teammate replaces him . The bowler 's objectives are to prevent the scoring of runs and to dismiss the batsman . An over is a set of six deliveries bowled by the same bowler . The next over is bowled from the other end of the pitch by a different bowler . The most common forms of dismissal are bowled , when the bowler hits the stumps directly with the ball ; leg before wicket , when the batsman prevents the ball from hitting the stumps with his body instead of his bat ; and caught , when the batsman hits the ball into the air and it is intercepted by a fielder before touching the ground . Runs are scored by two main methods : either by hitting the ball hard enough for it to cross the boundary , or by the two batsmen swapping ends by each simultaneously running the length of the pitch in opposite directions whilst the fielders are retrieving the ball . If a fielder retrieves the ball quickly enough to put down the wicket with a batsman not having reached the crease at that end of the pitch , that batsman is dismissed ( a run-out occurs ) . Adjudication is performed on the field by two umpires . The laws of cricket are maintained by the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) and the Marylebone Cricket Club ( MCC ) . There are various formats ranging from Twenty20 , played over a few hours with each team having a single innings of 20 overs ( i.e. 120 deliveries ) , to Test cricket , played over five days with unlimited overs and the teams playing two innings apiece . Traditionally cricketers play in all-white kit , but in limited overs cricket they wear club or team colours . In addition to the basic kit , some players wear protective gear to prevent injury caused by the ball , which is a hard , solid object made of compressed leather enclosing a cork core . Although cricket 's origins are uncertain , it is first recorded in south-east England in the 16th century . It spread globally with the expansion of the British Empire , leading to the first international matches in the mid-19th century . ICC , the game 's governing body , has over 100 members , ten of which are full members who play Test cricket . The sport is followed primarily in Australasia , Britain , the Indian subcontinent , southern Africa and the West Indies . Women 's cricket , which is organised and played separately , has also achieved international standard .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "4cd7ed3332efdf82b7941490d9c758b4",
"text": "1756 English cricket season The 1756 cricket season was the 159th in England since the earliest known definite reference to cricket in January 1597 ( i.e. , Old Style -- 1598 New Style ) . Details have survived of five important eleven-a-side and one single wicket matches . The season may be said to mark the beginning of the so-called `` Hambledon Era '' . The Hambledon team , then probably run by a parish organisation rather than the famous club which is believed to have been formed in about 1765 , makes its first recorded appearances in three matches against Dartford . The Seven Years ' War began in 1756 and ended in 1763 . It is possible this reduced the number of `` great matches '' , as did the Napoleonic and the two World Wars later . It is probable that cricket 's first bowling revolution occurred sometime between 1756 and 1763 . Bowlers were certainly pitching the ball by 1770 , but there are no surviving reports to describe the reception that pitching had when it was tried and implemented .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f004d503f7d74289e0dca23956826872",
"text": "Cricket whites Cricket whites , also known as flannels , is the kit or uniform worn by most cricketers , and usually consists of trousers , shirt , jumper and a jockstrap with cup pocket and `` box '' , or Protective cup . Originally , as indicated by the name whites , flannels were exclusively white or cream . Today , many competitions ( particularly in the shortened one-day version of cricket ) are played in coloured kit , also known jocularly as pyjamas . Flannels were originally made from a variety of flannel materials . Typically , modern flannels will have trousers made with a high elastic content , to prevent damage while fielding . Shirts and jumpers can be short or long-sleeved , the former being particularly favoured by bowlers . Wicketkeepers mostly wear long-sleeved shirts , in order to avoid abrasions from the grass when diving for the ball . Jumpers are traditionally made with a cable-knit design . The term flannels is also used in baseball , especially in a historical context when the uniforms were made of wool flannel . At the international level , whites are only worn during Test cricket . One Day International and Twenty20 matches are played with the teams wearing team uniforms in particular colours . One-Day Internationals were first played in white clothes but after December 2000 , all ODI cricket utilizes coloured clothing . For example , the Black Caps of New Zealand currently wear a black uniform when playing a one-day match .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "525c8b079f1375333c0f0cc03eb9ea59",
"text": "2007 ICC World Twenty20 squads This page lists the squads picked for the 2007 ICC World Twenty20 . This is the first World Twenty20 tournament which had been organised by the ICC . The championship was run from 11 to 24 September 2007 in South Africa . 12 teams took part in the championship , and the teams were sorted by their groups in the preliminary group stage . The first-class team listed for each player is the domestic team he plays for in his home country and any English county he has played for in the 2007 season , which was running concurrently to the World Twenty20 tournament . The winner of the Final was Team India . Second place went to Pakistan .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c6ee1bae7842e1459c62d58b15a8b2ad",
"text": "List of England cricket captains This is a list of all English national cricket captains , comprising all of the men , boys and women who have captained an English national cricket team at official international level . England played in the first Test match in 1877 and have played more Test matches , and had more captains , than any other team . In the 19th century , the captains for overseas tours were chosen by the promoters , with James Lillywhite , Alfred Shaw and Arthur Shrewsbury being the main professional promoters . However , some amateur tours went abroad under Lord Harris and Lord Hawke . Home captains were selected by the home ground authority , who often went for their local favourites . For around sixty years , from 1902/3 , the Marylebone Cricket Club took over the organisation of all overseas tours , with the games played being technically by the `` MCC '' rather than `` England '' . They brought with them the tradition of having amateur , rather than professional , captains , and after Shrewsbury there was n't another professional captain until Len Hutton around sixty years later . The amateur/professional distinction was abolished in 1962 , and a new breed of captain in Brian Close and then Ray Illingworth was born . From the mid-1980s until the late 1990s , English cricket was in decline , with the England team suffering many heavy defeats . The desperation was most clear in the `` summer of four captains '' in 1988 , during the West Indies tour of England , when the captaincy started with Mike Gatting , who was sacked after the first Test as a result of a dalliance with a barmaid . He was initially replaced by John Emburey , who lasted just two Tests before being sacked after two consecutive defeats . Chris Cowdrey was appointed amidst accusations of nepotism on the part of chief of selectors Peter May , but sustained an injury in his only Test as captain . Finally , Graham Gooch became England 's fourth captain of the summer . Unsurprisingly , England lost the five-Test series 4 -- 0 . The following year , England faced Australia in the 1989 Ashes series . Gooch did n't remain in his post , with David Gower being brought back as captain . Gower had been an Ashes winning captain back in 1985 , although some people favoured bringing back Mike Gatting who had also won the Ashes as England captain in 1986-1987 . In the event , Gower 's captaincy return was wholly unsuccessful , the 1989 Ashes being lost 4-0 . Graham Gooch was reappointed captain for the subsequent tour to the West Indies and remained in the post until 1993 after the fourth Test against Australia , having failed to win a Test match that year . England 's mixed fortunes continued under Gooch 's successor Mike Atherton . Earmarked early as a future captain , England enjoyed victories over South Africa , India and New Zealand under his premiership although they continued to fare badly against the West Indies and Australia , and the lack of consistent progress led to his resignation at the end of the 1997/98 tour of the West Indies , which England lost 3-1 . Replacement Alec Stewart was sacked after less than a year in the job after another defeat in Australia and a disastrous 1999 Cricket World Cup campaign . The beginning of Nasser Hussain 's captaincy saw England jeered by their own supporters after losing to New Zealand at home in 1999 , but England soon started to enjoy a revival , which continued under Michael Vaughan . England were the only team undefeated in 2004 , and were , as at June 2005 , ranked as the second-best Test nation in the world . Later that summer they regained The Ashes from Australia , having not held them since 1989 . Following Vaughan 's retirement , England were briefly captained by Kevin Pietersen before Andrew Strauss took on the role permanently following Pietersen 's resignation . Strauss became the first captain to lead England to victory in a Test series in Australia since 1987 , as well as taking them to the number one ranking in the summer of 2011 . Strauss announced his resignation and retirement following the relinquishing of the top ranking to South Africa in 2012 , with One Day International captain and Strauss ' deputy Alastair Cook was named as the replacement .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "db977ae6aa0c0571ae7fb07790066c55",
"text": "Cricket in Sri Lanka Cricket is the most popular sport in Sri Lanka . Sri Lanka is one of the ten nations that take part in test cricket and one of the five nations that has won a cricket world cup . Cricket is played at professional , semi-professional and recreational levels in the country and international cricket matches are watched with interest by a large proportion of the population . Sri Lanka ( then called Ceylon ) was occupied by the British in 1796 and became a British colony in 1815 . As in all places that the British arrived in large numbers , cricket soon followed and it is reasonable to assume that the game was first played on the island by 1800 . The earliest definite mention of cricket in Ceylon was a report in the Colombo Journal on 5 September 1832 which called for the formation of a cricket club . The Colombo Cricket Club was formed soon afterwards and matches began in November 1832 . Since then , the sport has grown domestically with major events such as the Premier Trophy ( starting 1938 ) and Premier Limited Overs Tournament ( starting 1988 -- 89 ) . Sri Lanka 's one day international debut came in the 1975 cricket world cup and were later awarded Test cricket status in 1981 , by the International Cricket Council .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "12d69643bef3455ac9d13cb158fa793a",
"text": "The Business of Cricket The Business of Cricket : The Story of Sports Marketing in India is the first book on the history of sports marketing in India on how it has grown from nothing to a $ 2.6 billion industry today How a single sport cricket has driven this growth , the role of icons such as Gavaskar , Kapil , Sachin and Dhoni , the role of the BCCI and the IPL , and how India is today the headquarters of world cricket . The authors bring a combined marketing experience of 40 years to the book and have made it entertaining as well as informative .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7fdfafb1be5676ca34f9bec8244df30b",
"text": "Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians The Association of Cricket Statisticians and Historians ( ACS ) was founded in England in 1973 for the purpose of researching and collating information about the history and statistics of cricket . Originally called the Association of Cricket Statisticians , the words `` and Historians '' were added in 1993 but it has continued to use the initialism ACS . The ACS headquarters were formerly in Nottingham , opposite Trent Bridge Cricket Ground , but since 2006 it has been run from three locations in Cardiff , Haywards Heath and Tickhill ( previously Scredington 2006 -- 2015 and Pevensey 2015-2016 ) . The Cardiff postal address is listed on the website . Although constituted in England , the ACS has a worldwide membership and is open to anyone with a relevant interest . The membership in 2015 numbered 1,047 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6ea189691f6e90d4642994e0533e41c9",
"text": "Crickets as pets Keeping crickets as pets emerged in China in early antiquity . Initially , crickets were kept for their `` songs '' ( stridulation ) . In the early 12th century the Chinese people began holding cricket fights.Yutaka Suga , p. 79 , discusses another theory dating cricket fights to the 8th century . However , the earliest reliable evidence is dated 12th century . Throughout the Imperial era the Chinese also kept pet cicadas and grasshoppers , but crickets were the favorites in the Forbidden City and with the commoners alike . The art of selecting and breeding the finest fighting crickets was perfected during the Qing dynasty and remained a monopoly of the imperial court until the beginning of the 19th century . The Imperial patronage promoted the art of making elaborate cricket containers and individual cricket homes . Traditional Chinese cricket homes come in three distinct shapes : wooden cages , ceramic jars , and gourds . Cages are used primarily for trapping and transportation . Gourds and ceramic jars are used as permanent cricket homes in winter and summer , respectively . They are treated with special mortar to enhance the apparent loudness and tone of a cricket 's song . The imperial gardeners grew custom-shaped molded gourds tailored to each species of cricket . Their trade secrets were lost during the Chinese Civil War and the Cultural Revolution , but crickets remain a favorite pet of the Chinese to the present day . The Japanese pet cricket culture , which emerged at least a thousand years ago , has practically vanished during the 20th century . Chinese cricket culture and cricket-related business is highly seasonal . Trapping crickets in the fields peaks in August and extends into September . The crickets soon end up at the markets of Shanghai and other major cities . Cricket fighting season extends until the end of autumn , overlapping with the Mid-Autumn Festival and the National Day . Chinese breeders are striving to make cricket fighting a year-round pastime , but the seasonal tradition prevails . Modern Western sources recommend keeping pet crickets in transparent jars or small terrariums providing at least two inches of soil for burrowing and containing egg-crate shells or similar objects for shelter . A cricket 's life span is short : Development from an egg to imago takes from one to two months . The imago then lives for around one month . Cricket hobbyists have to frequently replace aging insects with younger ones which are either specifically bred for cricket fighting or caught in the wild . This makes crickets less appealing as pets in Western countries . The speed of growth , coupled with the ease of breeding and raising larvae , makes industrial-grown crickets a preferred and inexpensive food source for pet birds , reptiles , and spiders .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7e032fc093bbf4d4b7d183fc816a8645",
"text": "List of Cricket World Cup five-wicket hauls In cricket , a five-wicket haul ( also known as a `` five -- for '' or `` fifer '' ) refers to a bowler taking five or more wickets in a single innings . This is regarded by the critics as a notable achievement , and there have been only 54 instances of a bowler taking a five-wicket haul in World Cup tournaments . The Cricket World Cup is the international championship of One Day International ( ODI ) cricket . The event is organised by the sport 's governing body , the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) , and is held once in every four years . Players from all the teams that have permanent ODI status -- with the exception of Bangladesh -- have picked up five-wicket hauls . In addition , players from four teams that are associate members of the ICC have taken fifers in World Cups . Starting with the inaugural edition in 1975 , a total of 49 bowlers have taken five-wicket haul in World Cup tournaments as of 2015 . Australian bowler Dennis Lillee was the first to take a fifer when he took 5 wickets for 34 runs against Pakistan during the third match of the world cup . His compatriot Gary Gilmour followed with two consecutive fifers in the semi-final and final of the tournament , doing so against England and West Indies respectively . His 6 wickets for 14 runs against the former was named the `` Best Bowling Performance '' in ODIs in an all-time list released by the Wisden Cricketers ' Almanack in 2002 . Joel Garner of West Indies became the second and last bowler to achieve a fifer in a final when he took 5 wickets for 38 runs against England in 1979 final . The performance ensured West Indies ' victory , and helped them earn their second title . The 1992 edition was the only tournament where no five-wicket hauls were taken , while the 2003 tournament had a record 12 five-wicket hauls taken by 11 different bowlers . Five bowlers -- Gilmour , Ashantha de Mel , Glenn McGrath , Vasbert Drakes and Shahid Afridi -- have performed this feat twice in the history of the tournament . McGrath was the only bowler to take a five-wicket haul in more than one World Cup . His 7 wickets for 15 runs against Namibia remains the best bowling figures by a bowler in the history of the tournament . The most recent five - wicket haul was taken by Australia cricketer Mitchell Starc in the 2015 World Cup ; he took 6 wickets for 28 runs against New Zealand .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6e37ac4f47e76b2885bd540ad93aeeea",
"text": "Leg before wicket Leg before wicket ( lbw ) is one of the ways in which a batsman can be dismissed in the sport of cricket . Following an appeal by the fielding side , the umpire may rule a batsman out lbw if the ball would have struck the wicket , but was instead intercepted by any part of the batsman 's body ( except the hand holding the bat ) . The umpire 's decision will depend on a number of criteria , including where the ball pitched , whether the ball hit in line with the wickets , and whether the batsman was attempting to hit the ball . Leg before wicket first appeared in the laws of cricket in 1774 , as batsmen began to use their pads to prevent the ball hitting their wicket . Over several years , refinements were made to clarify where the ball should pitch and to remove the element of interpreting the batsman 's intentions . The 1839 version of the law used a wording that remained in place for nearly 100 years . However , from the latter part of the 19th century , batsmen became increasingly expert at `` pad-play '' to reduce the risk of their dismissal . Following a number of failed proposals for reform , in 1935 the law was expanded , such that batsmen could be dismissed lbw even if the ball pitched outside the line of off stump . Critics felt this change made the game unattractive as it encouraged negative tactics at the expense of leg spin bowling . After considerable debate and various experiments , the law was changed again in 1972 . In an attempt to reduce pad-play the new version , which is used to this day , allowed batsmen to be out lbw in some circumstances if they did not attempt to hit the ball with their bat . Since the 1990s , the availability of television replays and , later , ball-tracking technology to assist umpires has increased the percentage of lbws in major matches . However , the accuracy of the technology and the consequences of its use remain controversial . In his 1995 survey of cricket laws , Gerald Brodribb states : `` No dismissal has produced so much argument as lbw ; it has caused trouble from its earliest days '' . Owing to its complexity , the law is widely misunderstood among the general public and has proven controversial among spectators , administrators and commentators ; lbw decisions have sometimes caused crowd trouble . Since the law 's introduction , the proportion of lbw dismissals has risen steadily through the years . Statistics reveal that the probability of a batsman being dismissed lbw in a Test match varies depending on where the match is played and which teams are playing .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6e18fb716f9a977a70a6b75681c6ecc9",
"text": "ICC Awards The ICC Awards are a set of sports awards for cricket . The awards recognise and honor the best international cricket players of the previous 12 months . The awards have been institutionalised by International Cricket Council since 2004 . Additionally , they are also known currently as the LG ICC Awards , from 2011 and onwards .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c0fd28208c80778499a0557b988138d8",
"text": "Points system (cricket) In cricket , a points system is a method for determining the winner of a cricket series involving multiple formats of cricket matches . The method awards teams points for winning Test , One Day International and T20I matches , with the winner being determined by the team with the highest total score . The system was first introduced in women 's cricket for the 2013 Women 's Ashes series .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fb591f38aca6522a41fbe107c28f9a71",
"text": "International Cricket International Cricket is a cricket video game for the Nintendo Entertainment System that was only released in Australia in 1992 . Developed by Melbourne-based Beam Software , it was the only cricket game released for the NES . Aussie Rules Footy shares the same presentation style as this game . There were no attempts to release a cricket video game to the North American , Japanese , or European markets . The reason is that baseball games dominated the North American and Japanese markets while soccer dominated the European market during that era . Two buttons are used to control the action ; one for hitting the cricket ball while the other allows the player to slog around . One of the shortcomings in the game is the simple AI ; the average player can bowl the computer out for totals not exceeding 20 . Some of the other poor features in the game are the unrealistically green grass and the uninspired music found in the menu screens .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c6ec37cffc827acbb6aa89584d0bfc82",
"text": "Women's Cricket World Cup The ICC Women 's Cricket World Cup is the oldest and most prestigious international women 's cricket tournament . It serves as the world championship for the sport 's One Day International ( ODI ) format . The Women 's World Cup is currently organised by the International Cricket Council ( ICC ) . Until 2005 , when the two organisations merged , it was administered by a separate body , the International Women 's Cricket Council ( IWCC ) . The first World Cup was held in England in 1973 , two years before the inaugural men 's tournament . The event 's early years were marked by funding difficulties , which meant several teams had to decline invitations to compete and caused gaps of up to six years between tournaments . However , since 2005 World Cups have been hosted at regular four-year intervals . The ten World Cups played to date have been held in five different countries , with India having hosted the event three times . The number of teams has been fixed at eight since the 2000 event , with the preceding tournament in 1997 having been contested by a record eleven teams . Australia are by far the most successful team , having won six titles and failed to make the final on only two occasions . England ( three titles ) and New Zealand ( one title ) are the only other teams to have won the event , while India and the West Indies have each reached the final on one occasion without going on to win .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ad16fbe9d758a69863def2b41dc6d528",
"text": "National sport A national sport or national pastime is a sport or game that is considered to be an intrinsic part of the culture of a nation . Some sports are de facto ( not established by law ) national sports , as baseball is in the United States and cricket is in England , while others are de jure ( established by law ) national sports , as lacrosse and ice hockey are in Canada . These sports do not have to be necessarily the most played or most followed , which would be either association football , baseball or basketball in all but a few countries , but are widely considered to be important to the country or significant for its culture .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8f595251ea34d98742adebf01a6b8e9f",
"text": "Golden Age of cricket The Golden Age of Cricket is a term that has often been applied in cricket literature to the period in English , Australian , and American cricket from the formation of the official County Championship in the 1890 season to the outbreak of World War I , which occurred just before the scheduled end of the 1914 season .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fdb0547bb4e4f0bebe2896a6567594d0",
"text": "Overview of English cricket (1816–1863) This article presents an overview of English cricket from 1816 to 1863 . For more detailed coverage of the period , see the series of season reviews in : Category : English cricket seasons from 1816 to 1863 . Although the article mentions some events in other countries , these are connected with the introduction of cricket from England and into those countries . For additional information about the development of the game in the main cricket-playing countries outside England during the period , see : History of Australian cricket to 1876 History of Canadian cricket History of cricket in India to 1918 History of cricket in New Zealand to 1890 History of cricket in South Africa to 1918 History of cricket in Sri Lanka History of United States cricket History of cricket in the West Indies to 1918 The Napoleonic Wars had deprived cricket of investment and manpower , particularly after 1810 as the conflict in the Peninsular War reached its height and the invasion of France followed . A recovery began in 1815 , the year of the Battle of Waterloo , and a more widespread return to normality can be observed from 1816 , although it was not until 1825 that inter-county matches were resurrected when Kent played Sussex .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "66237474e9ef145227d92829b69d0948",
"text": "History of the West Indian cricket team The history of the West Indian cricket team begins in the 1880s when the first combined West Indian team was formed and toured Canada and the United States . In the 1890s , the first representative sides were selected to play visiting English sides . Administered by the West Indies Cricket Board ( `` WICB '' ) , and known colloquially as The Windies , the West Indies cricket team represents a sporting confederation of English-speaking Caribbean countries . The WICB joined the sport 's international ruling body , the Imperial Cricket Council , in 1926 , and played their first official international match , which in cricket is called a Test , in 1928 . Although blessed with some great players in their early days as a Test nation , their successes remained sporadic until the 1960s , by which time the side had changed from a white-dominated to a black-dominated side . By the late 1970s , the West Indies had a side recognised as unofficial world champions , a title they retained throughout the 1980s . Their team from the 1970s and 1980s is now widely regarded as having been one of the best in test cricket 's history , alongside Don Bradman 's Invincibles . During these glory years , the Windies were noted for their four-man fast bowling attack , backed up by some of the best batsmen in the world . The 1980s saw them set a then-record streak of 11 consecutive Test victories in 1984 , which was part of a still-standing record of 27 tests without defeat ( the other tests being draws ) , as well as inflicting two 5 -- 0 `` blackwashes '' against the old enemy of England . Throughout the 1990s and 2000s , however , West Indian cricket declined , in part due to the rise in popularity of athletics and football in West Indian countries , and the team today is struggling to regain its past glory . In their early days in the 1930s , the side represented the British colonies of the West Indies Federation plus British Guyana . The current side represents the now independent states of Antigua and Barbuda , Barbados , Dominica , Grenada , Guyana , Jamaica , Saint Kitts and Nevis , Saint Lucia , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and Trinidad and Tobago , and the British dependencies of Anguilla , Montserrat and the British Virgin Islands along with the U.S. Virgin Islands and St. Maarten . National teams also exist for the various islands , which , as they are all separate countries , very much keep their local identities and support their local favourites . These national teams take part in the West Indian first-class competition , the Stanford 20/20 , the Carib Beer Cup ( earlier known as the Busta Cup , Shell Shield and various other names ) . It is also common for other international teams to play the island teams for warm-up games before they take on the combined West Indies team .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "76cca4ae16c8ee41fd8da3cb2e90870d",
"text": "List of Marylebone Cricket Club players (1827–1863) This is an incomplete list in alphabetical order of cricketers who debuted for Marylebone Cricket Club ( MCC ) in important matches from the beginning of the 1827 season until the end of the 1863 season . The so-called `` roundarm era '' began in 1827 with the roundarm trial matches being played that season ; 1863 was the last season before overarm bowling was legalised , enabling it to supersede roundarm . MCC played all its home matches in the period at Lord 's . Although many of the players who represented the club were members or were employed by MCC on its ground staff , others were associated with county clubs or teams and appeared for MCC by invitation . MCC teams have always operated at all levels of the sport and players who represented the club in minor cricket only are out of scope here . The details are the player 's usual name followed by the span of years in which he was active as an MCC player in important matches ( the span may include years in which he played in minor matches only for MCC and/or years in which he did not represent MCC in any matches ) and then his name is given as it usually appeared on match scorecards ( e.g. , surname preceded by all initials ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9b3b4baa1c4ccc426355a2519f6aeac6",
"text": "The Ashes The Ashes is a Test cricket series played between England and Australia . The Ashes are regarded as being held by the team that most recently won the Test series . The term originated in a satirical obituary published in a British newspaper , The Sporting Times , immediately after Australia 's 1882 victory at The Oval , their first Test win on English soil . The obituary stated that English cricket had died , and `` the body will be cremated and the ashes taken to Australia '' . The mythical ashes immediately became associated with the 1882 -- 83 series played in Australia , before which the English captain Ivo Bligh had vowed to `` regain those ashes '' . The English media therefore dubbed the tour the quest to regain the Ashes . After England had won two of the three Tests on the tour , a small urn was presented to Bligh by a group of Melbourne women including Florence Morphy , whom Bligh married within a year . The contents of the urn are reputed to be the ashes of a wooden bail , and were humorously described as `` the ashes of Australian cricket '' . It is not clear whether that `` tiny silver urn '' is the same as the small terracotta urn given to the MCC by Bligh 's widow after his death in 1927 . The urn has never been the official trophy of the Ashes series , having been a personal gift to Bligh . However , replicas of the urn are often held aloft by victorious teams as a symbol of their victory in an Ashes series . Since the 1998 -- 99 Ashes series , a Waterford Crystal representation of the Ashes urn ( called the Ashes Trophy ) has been presented to the winners of an Ashes series as the official trophy of that series . Irrespective of which side holds the tournament , the urn remains in the MCC Museum at Lord 's ; it has however been taken to Australia to be put on touring display on two occasions : as part of the Australian Bicentenary celebrations in 1988 , and to accompany the Ashes series in 2006 -- 07 . An Ashes series is traditionally of five Tests , hosted in turn by England and Australia at least once every four years . , England holds the Ashes , having won three of the five Tests in the 2015 Ashes series . Australia and England have won 32 series each and five series have been drawn .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
c1f862f7f0d61c86b9ad9e4609eb9944 | Ocean's Eight will get its release on the 8th of June 2018. | [
{
"docid": "ea5542c138191e74d8a4191704fd8048",
"text": "Ocean's Eight Ocean 's Eight ( stylized as Ocean 's 8 ) is an upcoming American heist comedy film directed by Gary Ross from a script by Ross and co-writer Olivia Milch . It is both a sequel and an all-female spin-off of the Ocean 's Trilogy , and will be released on June 8 , 2018 , by Warner Bros. . Pictures . Principal photography on the film began on October 25 , 2016 , in New York City .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "cec16b96c0bf96d6b3db20ed9abb687c",
"text": "Oceansize Oceansize were an English rock band from Manchester , formed in 1998 . The band consisted of Mike Vennart ( vocals , guitar ) , Steve Durose ( guitar , backing vocals ) , Richard `` Gambler '' Ingram ( guitar , keyboards ) , Mark Heron ( drums ) and Jon Ellis ( bass guitar ) for the majority of its career , with Steve Hodson replacing Ellis on bass guitar in 2006 . The band released four studio albums , in addition to a number of minor EPs and singles , displaying a wide array of influences from several genres including post-rock , math rock , psychedelic rock , space rock , and post-hardcore . Following a twelve-year career , Oceansize announced their split in February 2011 , with the members moving on to different projects .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4a636cc882aadc3cb6db51baa1146a50",
"text": "2018 Summer Youth Olympics The Buenos Aires 2018 Summer Youth Olympic Games ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de la Juventud de 2018 ) is the third edition of the Summer Youth Olympics , a major international sports in which culture and education are also of great importance , are due to be celebrated in the tradition of the Summer Olympic Games on 6 -- 18 October 2018 in Buenos Aires , Argentina . . It will be the first Summer Youth Olympic Games to be held outside Asia .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "31188efd228c3ee8b7c085c28bfc5f65",
"text": "COMA (2018 film) COMA is an upcoming Russian science-fiction film . It is scheduled to be released on January 25 , 2018 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ef2288ae75e4c4c59a8ba47826ed729e",
"text": "Section 8 (military) Section 8 is a category of discharge from the United States military , used for a service member judged mentally unfit for service . It also came to mean any service member given such a discharge or behaving as if deserving such a discharge , as in the expression , `` he 's a Section 8 '' . The term comes from Section VIII of the World War II-era United States Army Regulation 615-360 , which provided for the discharge of those deemed unfit for military service . Discharge under Section 8 is no longer practiced , as medical discharges for psychological/psychiatric reasons are now covered by a number of regulations . In the Army , such discharges are handled under the provisions of AR 635-200 , Active Duty Enlisted Administrative Separations . Chapter 5 , paragraph 13 governs the separation of personnel medically diagnosed with a personality disorder . Section 8 became a household phrase when used in the 1970s TV series M * A * S * H , in which the character Corporal Klinger was continually seeking one ( until he eventually abandoned his efforts ) . Other pop culture references to the term include : The 1987 movie Full Metal Jacket , in which a recruit ( Leonard Lawrence , a.k.a. `` Private Gomer Pyle '' ) becomes noticeably unstable as a result of the abuse from his drill instructor and platoon-mates . Later in the film , it is mentioned again when Private `` Cowboy '' mentions how one of his recently deceased platoon-mates was about to be shipped out on a Section 8 for chronic masturbation . The 2003 movie Basic , in which a DEA agent Tom Hardy ( played by John Travolta ) investigates a group of rogue Rangers turned drug dealers calling themselves Section 8 . They are later revealed to be a black-ops anti-drug unit led by Hardy ( now addressed as `` Colonel '' ) ; the `` Section-8 '' insane-mercenary story is a cover to spook the cartels . The 2007 video game BioShock , in which Atlas , via radio , informs the player that Fort Frolic has been handed over to a deranged artist named Sander Cohen . `` Cohen 's an artist , says some . He 's a Section 8 , says I. I seen all kinds of cutthroats , freaks , and headcases , but Cohen 's a real lunatic . '' The 2016 movie Hacksaw Ridge , in which Army recruit Desmond Doss is required to undergo psychiatric evaluation or else face a Section 8 discharge for refusing to participate in weapons training because of his religious convictions .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6fcd25b9a05196fa31add14b6de60828",
"text": "Grind the Ocean Grind the Ocean is the debut studio album from UK based progressive metal band The Safety Fire . The album was initially due to be released on February 27 , 2012 in Europe and the February 28 , in North America . However , the official release date was pushed back to April 9 , 2012 in Europe and April 10 , 2012 in North America . Anyone who pre-ordered the album from the band 's official website , received a special edition of the album on the original set release dates . The album was mastered by Jens Bogren at Fascination Street Studios .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3b315869c26c42fdfd98a596570b8f55",
"text": "Indy 800 Indy 800 is an 8 player arcade game by Atari Inc. , originally released in 1975 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "73314ec325c3582f87bcd9b8f148392b",
"text": "June 1",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ce2917175214850e7dacfdcbef148f08",
"text": "Titanic II Titanic II is a planned ocean liner , to be built as a modern-day replica of the Olympic-class . The new ship will have a gross tonnage ( GT ) of 56,000 while the original ship measured about 46,000 gross register tons ( GRT ) . The project was announced by Australian millionaire Clive Palmer in April 2012 , as the flagship of a proposed cruise company Blue Star Line Pty. Ltd. of Brisbane , Australia . The intended launch date was originally set in 2016 , with the ship sailing from Southampton to New York within the same year . However , construction of the ship has been delayed to 2018 . , construction is yet to commence .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "655f32fa1c2bbcce7973bdd01c6d5b31",
"text": "Doctor Who: Series 8 (soundtrack) The soundtrack for series 8 of Doctor Who was released on 18 May 2015 . Across three discs , it includes incidental music from all twelve episodes of the series , as well as the 2014 Christmas special , `` Last Christmas '' . The first 5000 copies , as well as all pre-orders , included an extra 16-page booklet and a slipcover .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bc46368e380a4e72cd4d1c49f35591e4",
"text": "The Wild Eight The Wild Eight is an open world survival simulation video game with procedurally-generated world developed by Russian company Fntastic and published by HypeTrain Digital for multiple platforms . The players assume the role of survivors find themselves stranded in the harsh wilderness of Alaska and must work together to stay alive . Funding for the game was secured through a successful Kickstarter campaign in May 2016 . An early alpha version was released through Game Jolt on May 23 , 2016 . This version of the game does n't include multiplayer mode , but it does showcase the game 's visual and play style . It contains resource gathering , hunting , crafting , upgrading and shelter building . The game is set to be finished in mid 2017 , with a core-feature complete Steam Early Access debut on Feb 8 , 2017 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "929bfcd99449fe3a6b10e7339453f538",
"text": "Isles of Wonder (album) Isles of Wonder is the official soundtrack album of the 2012 Summer Olympics opening ceremony . It became available as a download at midnight on 28 July 2012 and as a two-disc CD on 2 August 2012 . The soundtrack is mostly pre-recorded and does not include live elements of the performance such as the drumming from Evelyn Glennie , but the two Arctic Monkeys songs are actually credited in the album sleeve as being recorded during the rehearsal at the stadium on 23 July . Although listed as `` Tubular Bells '' / `` In Dulci Jubilo '' , Mike Oldfield 's track starts with the introduction piece to Tubular Bells in its normal arrangement , followed by a rearranged version of the same theme that during interviews Oldfield called `` swingular bells '' . The piece that was used when the children 's literature villains appeared features two arrangements of `` Far Above the Clouds '' ( from Tubular Bells III ) , and finally there is a rendition of `` In Dulci Jubilo '' followed by a short coda . The cover of the CD is a graphic representation of the ` petals ' of Thomas Heatherwick 's 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics cauldron .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7c64b34d7b4d92e8008d65ec3c032c82",
"text": "Eight (play) Eight is the first play written by Ella Hickson . Hickson created eight monologues ready to air at Edinburgh 's Fringe Festival in August 2008 . These monologue ( of 15 minutes each ) offer a state-of-the-nation group portrait . The official website for the performance describes it as `` looking at what has happened to a generation that have grown up in a world where everything has become acceptable . '' Eight was formed around the results of a survey that asked twenty-somethings what defined their generation ; Hickson tried to answer their almost unanimous response of ` apathy ' , with a show that works to find the glimmers of faith amidst wholesale cynicism . Eight looks at the singular , personal effect of an otherwise social phenomenon .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5be5a3173ffa3e6c029250da5e0148ce",
"text": "Star Ocean: Till the End of Time is the third main game in the Star Ocean series . The game was developed by tri-Ace and published by Square Enix for the PlayStation 2 console . It was released in Japan , North America , and the PAL territories . The original Japanese release date was in February 2003 by Enix , its penultimate release before its merger to become Square Enix . It was re-released in 2004 as a two-disc Director 's Cut version with bonus features such as new characters and dungeons . The North American and European versions are based on the Director 's Cut version . Till the End of Time takes place four hundred years after the events of Star Ocean : The Second Story . Star Ocean : Till the End of Time was released as a PS2 Classic for the PlayStation 4 on March 31 , 2017 in Japan and May 23 , 2017 in North America and Europe .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "de236e6e78b0ebfc6620dd181c0ea03d",
"text": "October 18",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3059cd04c148998a812ca74a784068a4",
"text": "June 9",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "415002bd305c77f0c821f8c6dc012a67",
"text": "Infinity (yacht) Oceanco 's 88.5 m Infinity , was successfully delivered in 2015 . Her exterior design is the work of Espen Øino and her interior is by Sinot Exclusive Yacht Design and David Kleinberg Design Associates . The Master Suite includes a private exterior deck and whirlpool . Guest accommodations consist of two VIP suites and four spacious guest staterooms . The yacht is fitted with two 4.828 hp MTU engines and capable of reaching speeds of 18.5 kn .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e89c68937bdcb6108bec016ca0ba40d3",
"text": "Octuple scull An octuple scull ( abbreviated 8X ) is a racing shell or a rowing boat used in the sport of competitive rowing . The octuple is directed by a coxswain and propelled by eight rowers who move the boat by sculling with two oars , one in each hand . Like a coxed eight , an octuple is typically 65.2 ft long and weighs 211.2 lb . Racing boats ( often called `` shells '' ) are long , narrow , and broadly semi-circular in cross-section in order to reduce drag to a minimum . They usually have a fin towards the rear , to help prevent roll and yaw . Originally made from wood , shells are now almost always made from a composite material ( usually carbon-fibre reinforced plastic ) for strength and weight advantages . The riggers in sculling apply the forces symmetrically to each side of the boat . When there are eight rowers in a boat , each with only one sweep oar and rowing on opposite sides , the combination is referred to as a `` coxed eight . '' In sweep oared racing the rigging means the forces are staggered alternately along the boat . The symmetrical forces in sculling make the boat more efficient and so the octuple scull is faster than the coxed eight .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "eb2600832a8a97147111f4517a8fb164",
"text": "8th Academy Awards The 8th Academy Awards were held on March 5 , 1936 , at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles , California . They were hosted by Frank Capra . This was the first year in which the gold statuettes were called `` Oscars '' . The category of Best Dance Direction was introduced this year . The DGA successfully lobbied for its elimination three years later . Mutiny on the Bounty became the last film to date to win Best Picture and nothing else ( following The Broadway Melody and Grand Hotel ) , and the only film to receive three nominations for Best Actor . This was the second and last year that write-in votes were allowed at the Oscars . A Midsummer Night 's Dream became the only film to win a write-in Oscar , taking Best Cinematography .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a70aa049d9b1349c99822e4e9286c9a3",
"text": "Island (visual novel) is a Japanese visual novel developed by Front Wing and published by Prototype . It was released on 28 April 2016 for Windows . An anime television series adaptation has been announced .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "18d252a4d8ef0363cd4f8cad20b4fc37",
"text": "9 (Alice Nine album) 9 is the fifth studio album by Japanese visual kei rock band Alice Nine . The album was officially released on February 22 , 2012 . 9 was released in two formats : a limited edition with an exclusive DVD and a regular edition . The DVD included with the limited edition of the album features a music video for '' すべてへ '' , as well as a multi-angle version of the music video focusing on one of the five members of the band and a making-of documentary for the music video . The album was preceded by three singles : `` Blue Flame '' , released in August 2011 , and `` Heart of Gold '' , released in September 2011 and finally Niji no Yuki on 21 December 2011 . After the release , the band embarked on four tours of Japan entitled Alice Nine `` Court of ' 9 ' '' # 1-4 . So far they have completed the first two of these tours with relative success in all areas of Japan , managing to sell out in many medium-to-large venues nationwide .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
db508aa8df25d2ca43fb68d029680db6 | Gabrielle Union starred in Bring It On (film). | [
{
"docid": "91c443f2b5d61cfbaa93cff987c0d1ac",
"text": "Bring It On (film) Bring It On is a 2000 American teen comedy film directed by Peyton Reed and written by Jessica Bendinger . The film stars Kirsten Dunst , Eliza Dushku , Jesse Bradford , and Gabrielle Union . It was the first of the Bring It On film series and was followed by four direct-to-video sequels , none of which contain any of the original cast members : Bring It On Again ( 2004 ) , which shared producers with the original , Bring It On : All or Nothing ( 2006 ) , Bring It On : In It to Win It ( 2007 ) , and Bring It On : Fight to the Finish ( 2009 ) . The plot of the film centers around a team 's preparation for , and participation in cheerleading competitions . Bring It On was released in theaters in the North America on August 25 , 2000 . The film received mostly positive reviews , with some critics praising its light nature and humorous take on its subject , and others criticizing its conventional and formulaic plot . Bring It On earned a worldwide gross of approximately $ 90 million , and was considered a financial success . Since its release , the film has become a cult classic .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "273f5d64f3a1f7af3a48cd07c6a40835",
"text": "Snakes on a Plane (Bring It) `` Snakes on a Plane ( Bring It ) '' , also referred to as `` Bring It ( Snakes on a Plane ) '' , is the debut single by Cobra Starship , released in 2006 from the soundtrack album Snakes on a Plane : The Album . The song features William Beckett of The Academy Is ... , Travie McCoy of Gym Class Heroes , and Maja Ivarsson of The Sounds .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "099ee3a77bbfd07b11206802b6634ecd",
"text": "Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw . Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood . The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences . Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aeb02af3a9c6d1c31d9af0c12e317517",
"text": "Bring It On (film series) Bring It On is a series cheerleading films . The series began with Bring It On ( 2000 ) and was followed by four direct-to-video sequels , none of which contain any of the original film 's cast members : Bring It On Again ( 2004 ) , which shared producers with the original film , Bring It On : All or Nothing ( 2006 ) , Bring It On : In It to Win It ( 2007 ) , and Bring It On : Fight to the Finish ( 2009 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3cdbb05bda17085667d8a79b80a1a555",
"text": "Milap (1937 film) Milap ( The Union ) is a 1937 Hindi/Urdu social drama film directed by A. R. Kardar . Produced under the Moti Mahal Pictures banner , it had music composed by K. C. Dey . Milap was a big success for the actress Rampyari . The film was famous for being the first to show the prototype of a `` vamp '' in Indian cinema . Rampyari was shown wearing `` an off-shoulder dress '' and using a cigarette-holder , with the intent of seducing the hero Prithviraj Kapoor . The scene was later used by Raj Kapoor on Nadira in his film Shree 420 ( 1955 ) for the song `` Mud Mud Ke Na Dekh '' . The co-stars included M. Ismail , Yakub , Bimla Kumari , Dev Bala and Anees Khatoon .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2e92f47503e2a872e1615cb579a36b99",
"text": "We Do (film) We Do is an award-winning 56 minute documentary film about marriage equality , produced and directed by independent filmmaker Rebecca Rice . We Do reveals the stories of three LGBT couples , their journeys for legal recognition of their relationships and the impact that the pursuit of marriage equality has had on their lives before and after the Supreme Court ruling on June 26 , 2015 . The film features an introduction by LGBT activist and pastor Jim Mitulski , former pastor at Cathedral of Hope ( Dallas ) who provides the backstory on same-sex unions . We Do then tells the stories of Leta and Anne , with a cameo by their son Jaxson , Mariel and Viviana and Michael and Michael . All three couples had to travel to other states to be legally married even when they knew at the time that their unions would not be legally recognized in the states where they lived . We Do had its world premiere at AGLIFF , the Austin Gay and Lesbian Film Festival in September 2015 . And the film was an official selection of Palm Springs Cinema Diverse and QCinema -- the Ft. Worth Gay and Lesbian Film Festival . We Do was honored with the Shawn A. Moore Award at QCinema and is distributed by CT Media Distribution .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "825fccbfc8b326d38b1a7248083ea403",
"text": "Union J discography The discography of English boy band Union J consists of two studio albums , five singles and six music videos . Union J first announced that they had signed a record deal with Sony Music Entertainment at a performance in Cardiff , Wales on 15 December 2012 . Their debut single `` Carry You '' was recorded in London in January 2013 and was released in June 2013 , charting at number six in the United Kingdom . On 28 January , it was confirmed that the subsidiary label that Union J had signed with was RCA Records . In June 2013 , it was announced that the band would embark on their first UK headline tour , the Magazines and TV Screens Tour , which consists of 18 dates in December 2013 and January 2014 . Their second single , `` Beautiful Life '' , was released on 21 October and debuted at number 8 . The following week saw the release of their self-titled debut album , Union J. On 5 November 2013 , they announced that their third single would be `` Loving You Is Easy '' . In 2014 , Union J left RCA and signed with Epic Records . `` Tonight ( We Live Forever ) '' , the lead single from their second album , was released on 17 August 2014 . This was followed up by `` You Got It All '' , written by Magic ! 's Nasri , released in November 2014 . Whilst the most purchased single of the week , it was kept off number one by Ed Sheeran 's `` Thinking Out Loud '' due to audio streaming . Their second album , You Got It All -- The Album , reached number 28 on the UK Albums Chart .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "339c73eb5a487e76222223a220a3a156",
"text": "Bring It On: Fight to the Finish Bring It On : Fight to the Finish is a 2009 teen comedy film starring Christina Milian , Rachele Brooke Smith , Cody Longo , Vanessa Born , Gabrielle Dennis and Holland Roden . Directed by Bille Woodruff and the fifth and final installment in the series of stand-alone films starting with the 2000 film Bring It On . The film was released direct-to-video on DVD and Blu-ray on September 1 , 2009 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "218fb51912f8eb164dcf332c2e03a99a",
"text": "Welcome to New York (2014 film) Welcome to New York is a 2014 French-American drama film co-written and directed by Abel Ferrara . Inspired by the Dominique Strauss-Kahn affair , the film was released on 17 May 2014 by VOD on the internet as the film failed to secure a place on the official selection at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival , nor was it picked up for theatrical distribution in France and is facing self-censorship by the French media , according to Vincent Maraval , one of the producers .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b25cece618c31b04f94b732447ace0bd",
"text": "You're Gonna Love Tomorrow `` You 're Gon na Love Tomorrow '' is the fifth season premiere episode of the American comedy-drama series Desperate Housewives , and the 88th episode overall . It originally aired on September 28 , 2008 , in the United States on ABC ( American Broadcasting Company ) . The episode was written by series creator Marc Cherry and directed by Larry Shaw . `` You 're Gon na Love Tomorrow '' , as well as all subsequent episodes , takes place five years after the events of the fourth season finale following Cherry 's decision to revamp the series with a time jump . In the episode , Edie ( Nicollette Sheridan ) returns to Wisteria Lane after a five-year absence with her new husband , Dave ( Neal McDonough ) . While Susan ( Teri Hatcher ) hesitates to make a romantic commitment to Jackson ( Gale Harold ) , Lynette ( Felicity Huffman ) struggles with her defiant teenage children and her husband 's midlife crisis . Gabrielle ( Eva Longoria ) deals with her daughters ' weight problems and Bree ( Marcia Cross ) faces the ramifications of her success . `` You 're Gon na Love Tomorrow '' received mostly positive reviews from television critics , most of whom agreed that the time jump refreshed the show . According to Nielsen ratings , the episode drew over 18 million viewers , making it the most-watched show of the night and the second most-watched program of the week across all networks .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f9484e40d91d550426931a2e4cb8a83f",
"text": "Play On (Carrie Underwood album) Play On is the third studio album by American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood . It was released in the United States on November 3 , 2009 , through Arista Nashville . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with first week sales of 318,000 copies , which was rated as the highest first-week sales for a female artist in 2009 upon release . It is her second album to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 , and her third to debut atop the Billboard Top Country Albums chart . As of October 2016 , the album has been certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA , Platinum by the CRIA and Gold by the ARIA . Play On has since sold over three million copies worldwide . The album spawned three consecutive Billboard Hot Country Songs number one singles -- `` Cowboy Casanova '' , `` Temporary Home '' and `` Undo It '' , all of which certified Multi-Platinum or Platinum by the RIAA . The fourth single , `` Mama 's Song '' , reached number two on the chart and received a Gold certification from the RIAA . `` Cowboy Casanova '' achieved one of the biggest single-week upwards on the Billboard Hot 100 of all time , when it climbed 96-11 in its second week . `` Temporary Home '' and `` Mama 's Song '' were both nominated for Grammy Awards , while Play On was nominated for Album of the Year at both the 2010 Academy of Country Music Awards and Country Music Association Awards , and won Favorite Country Album at the 2010 American Music Awards .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "12a2017e133518b0a3c86b357b8c9c86",
"text": "On My Way (film) On My Way ( Elle s ` en va ) is a 2013 French comedy-drama film directed by Emmanuelle Bercot . The film premiered in competition at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "84f4149ab4f770b67c98e12ee69cd23f",
"text": "Cactus Flower (play) Cactus Flower is a farce by Abe Burrows . It played for years on Broadway before being adapted by I.A.L. Diamond into a 1969 feature film directed by Gene Saks . Based on the play Fleur de cactus by Pierre Barillet and Jean-Pierre Gredy , the comedy focuses on the relationship between young , wild Toni and her older , married lover Julian , a dentist . Convinced the two have no future together , Toni attempts suicide , and a guilt-ridden Julian rashly proposes he leave his wife so the couple can be together . However , Julian has never revealed to Toni that his `` marriage '' is actually an elaborate lie concocted to keep Toni at arm 's length . Toni refuses to break up his household without first meeting and talking with Julian 's soon-to-be-ex , so Julian enlists the aid of his shy spinster assistant Stephanie to pose as his non-existent wife . Complications arise when Toni decides the two must find her a new beau so everyone concerned can live happily ever after . After two previews , the Broadway production , directed by Burrows , opened on December 8 , 1965 at the Royale Theatre , where it ran for two years and nine months before transferring to the Longacre , for a total run of 1234 performances , ending on November 23 , 1968 . The original cast included Lauren Bacall , Barry Nelson , Brenda Vaccaro , and Burt Brinckerhoff . Lloyd Bridges , Kevin McCarthy , and Betsy Palmer were replacements later in the run . Both Vaccaro and Brinckerhoff were nominated for Tony Awards for their featured performances . Later adapted for film as : Cactus Flower with Walter Matthau , Ingrid Bergman and Goldie Hawn ( for which Hawn won an Academy Award ) and again in 2011 , as Just Go With It starring Adam Sandler , Jennifer Aniston and Brooklyn Decker .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "88c54f418778287f4b8f66f525226687",
"text": "Playing It Cool Playing It Cool ( formerly known as A Many Splintered Thing ) is an American romantic comedy film directed by Justin Reardon and written by Chris Shafer and Paul Vicknair . The film stars Chris Evans , Michelle Monaghan , Anthony Mackie , Aubrey Plaza , Patrick Warburton , Ashley Tisdale , Ioan Gruffudd , and Topher Grace . The film was released on video on demand starting on March 31 , 2015 before a limited release on May 8 , 2015 by Vertical Entertainment .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "af9b1045a686e3863da8eaceecac8be1",
"text": "Day on Fire Day on Fire is an American film which was produced by Lodestar Entertainment and filmed in New York City and Israel in 2006 . It is written and directed by Jay Anania , stars Academy Award winner Olympia Dukakis , Carmen Chaplin , Alyssa Sutherland and Martin Donovan and is produced by William Fisch and Larry Rattner . The film was scored by John Medeski with vocals by Judy Kuhn . Day on Fire was screened at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival on May 22 , 2006 . Day on Fire tells the story of a singer , a model , an Arab woman journalist , and a physician as they criss-cross New York City over a 12-hour period . Their intersecting lives unfold against the backdrop of a ghastly suicide bombing in Israel , and the strange New York City wanderings of a malevolent Handsome Man , whose predatory intents lend an air of inevitable , horrific violence . Beautifully and hauntingly musical , this thriller also has a political and personal intrigue that mounts inexorably as the sun begins to set on this fateful day . By the time night has fallen in the city , the crossing of these individual fates is sealed . Each of these four women has found their destiny amidst the brutality that the film reveals .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ea73887b2a7743ef9ca6b76f23c3dcff",
"text": "Richard's Wedding Richard 's Wedding is a 2012 comedy/drama film written , edited , and directed by Onur Tukel . Among the film 's ensemble cast are actors Josephine Decker , Randy Gambill , Lawrence Michael Levine , Jennifer Prediger , and Tukel himself .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "65b53075eeb5e47d40d626b6267347b9",
"text": "Gothika Gothika is a 2003 American psychological horror thriller film directed by Mathieu Kassovitz and written by Sebastian Gutierrez . Halle Berry plays a psychiatrist in a women 's mental hospital who wakes up one day to find herself on the other side of the bars , accused of having murdered her husband . The film was first released on November 21 , 2003 in the United States . At the time of its release , Gothika was the most successful film from Dark Castle Entertainment , with a worldwide gross of $ 141.6 million .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "90935efbe9a58b04019c05ce636b6180",
"text": "UniteWomen.org UniteWomen.org is a national non-partisan 501 ( c ) 3 tax exempt non-profit organization with a mission of ending inequality for women that stems from prejudice and discrimination and to defend and advance the human and civil rights of women and girls . The organization was formed in Michigan in February 2012 . It developed in response to the War on Women , a series of legislative actions in the United States which negatively affect women . The group has organized several marches , including a march in Jackson , Mississippi , to oppose `` 32 bills introduced this session restricting women 's access to health care '' and a nationwide march on April 28 , 2012 that took place in major cities across the United States . The group has been endorsed by American Association of University Women , National Latina Institute for Reproductive Health , the The Coalition of Labor Union Women and The Coffee Party USA . The march in April 2012 was promoted by Barbara Hannah Grufferman Karen Teegarden , President of UniteWomen.org , appeared on The Authentic Woman , along with National Organization for Women President , Terry O'Neill . The two women 's rights leaders were interviewed by radio host , Shannon Fisher , about The State of Women 's Rights in America . The organization was a partner in the Suffrage Centennial Celebration in 2013 , which was a week of events in Washington leading up to a reenactment of the Woman Suffrage Parade of 1913 Other partners in the Suffrage Centennial Celebration were the National Women 's History Museum , Sewall-Belmont House & Museum , the Smithsonian 's National Museum of American History , the Newseum , American Association of University Women , Daughters of the American Revolution , Delta Sigma Theta , the National Archives , the Turning Point Suffragist Memorial , the National Press Club , and The George Washington University Lisner Auditorium . UniteWomen.org 's `` Unite Against Rape '' campaign raised public awareness of the issues of rape , human trafficking and violence against women . An array of legislators , journalists and celebrities participated in the campaign , including U.S. Senators Mark Warner and Tim Kaine ; comedians Roseanne Barr , Margaret Cho , Annabelle Gurwitch and Lois Bromfield ; social justice advocate Sandra Fluke ; Philadelphia Eagles defensive tackle , Ronnie Cameron , musician Courtney Love ; social and political commentators Meghan McCain , Alexandria Goddard ( the Steubenville blogger ) , Leslie Salzillo , Kimberley A. Johnson and Tanya Tatum ; XoJane writers and editors Jane Pratt , Mandy Stadtmiller , Alison Freer , Marci Robin and Julia Allison ; actors Yuri Lowenthal , Pia Glenn and Sharon Gardner ; celebrity artist Tormented Sugar ; writers Herman Williams , III , Pat Bertram , Michele Rolle and Toni Morrison ; executive director of the Military Rape Crisis Center , Panayiota Bertzikis ; and celebrity relationship experts Dr. Gilda Carle and Dr. Sheri Meyers . The campaign was co-founded by UniteWomen.org executive committee members Renee Davis , Karen Teegarden , Shannon Fisher and Sarah Warfield Chamberlin . The team also partnered with Rape , Abuse & Incest National Network for a national RAINN Day campaign to raise awareness of sexual assault on college campuses .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fc431dbb3c3e2428ff32f656635333bb",
"text": "Sparkle (2012 film) Sparkle is a 2012 American musical film directed by Salim Akil and produced by Stage 6 Films , It was released on August 17 , 2012 , by TriStar Pictures . Inspired by The Supremes , Sparkle is a remake of the 1976 film of the same name , which centered on three singing teenage sisters from Harlem who form a girl group in the late 1960s . The remake takes place in Detroit , Michigan in the 1960s during the Motown era . The film stars Jordin Sparks , Derek Luke , Whitney Houston , Mike Epps , Cee Lo Green , Carmen Ejogo , Tika Sumpter , Tamela Mann and Omari Hardwick . Sparkle features songs from the original film written by soul musician Curtis Mayfield as well as new compositions by R&B artist R. Kelly . This film is the debut of R&B / pop singer and American Idol winner Jordin Sparks as an actress . Sparkle also marks Whitney Houston 's fifth and final feature film role before her death on February 11 , 2012 , three months after filming ended . The film is dedicated to her memory .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fb1da36a33d9b532cd6ff817e8139989",
"text": "Garden State (film) Garden State is a 2004 American romantic comedy-drama film , written and directed by Zach Braff and starring Braff , Natalie Portman , Peter Sarsgaard , and Ian Holm . The film centers on Andrew Largeman ( Braff ) , a 26-year-old actor/waiter who returns to his hometown in New Jersey after his mother dies . Braff based the film on his real life experiences . It was filmed in April and May 2003 and released on July 28 , 2004 . New Jersey was the main setting and primary shooting location . Garden State received positive reviews upon its release and has garnered a cult following . It was an official selection of the Sundance Film Festival . The film also spawned a soundtrack for which Braff , who picked the music himself , won a Grammy Award .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e3f5c311ba77b3b7705ee88962e3352e",
"text": "Dreams Can Come True, Greatest Hits Vol. 1 Dreams Can Come True , Greatest Hits Vol . 1 is a `` Greatest Hits '' album by British pop artist Gabrielle . It was released in 2001 . Featuring all of Gabrielle 's biggest hit singles , the album went on to become the fifth best selling album of 2001 , achieving 4xPlatinum . It was also the 76th biggest selling album of that decade in the UK .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
766c5a0a5869c25f88d4f697c1b3dbca | Linda Schuyler was involved in the creation of the Degrassi series. | [
{
"docid": "860b2efe22bec4e0b0a0fc0065287654",
"text": "Linda Schuyler Linda Schuyler , ( née Bawcutt ; born in 1948 in London , England ) is a Canadian television producer involved in the creation and production of the Degrassi series and Instant Star series of teen programs .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "ed9d5168a39e6617abe161d31799aab4",
"text": "Cashmere Mafia Cashmere Mafia is an American drama television series which ran on ABC from January 6 , 2008 to February 20 , 2008 . The series was created by Kevin Wade , who also served as executive producer alongside Darren Star , Gail Katz , Jeff Rake and Michael Pressman , with Susie Fitzgerald co-executive producing . Peyton Reed directed the pilot . ABC decided not to renew the series for a second season .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "15a67489d3025ff5b6dab468826a7a0c",
"text": "List of Melrose Place episodes Melrose Place , a primetime soap opera created by Darren Star , premiered on July 8 , 1992 on Fox network in the United States and ended on May 24 , 1999 . The show spans seven seasons of 226 episodes , and one special aired in 1995 . Each episode was approximately 45 minutes long ( without commercials ) though there were several double or two-part episodes that were shown as feature length 85 to 90 minute episodes The complete series of Melrose Place has been released on DVD in the United States ( Region 1 ) from 2006 to 2012 , with the final season having been released on July 31 , 2012 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d03006d45a7d4e17ad1170f05453ac53",
"text": "The Puppy Episode `` The Puppy Episode '' is a two-part episode of the situation comedy television series Ellen . The episode details lead character Ellen Morgan 's realization that she is a lesbian and her coming out . It was the 22nd and 23rd episode of the series ' 4th season . The episode was written by series star Ellen DeGeneres with Mark Driscoll , Tracy Newman , Dava Savel and Jonathan Stark and directed by Gil Junger . It originally aired on ABC on April 30 , 1997 . The title was used as a code name for Ellen 's coming out so as to keep the whole episode under wraps . DeGeneres began negotiating with ABC in 1996 to have Morgan come out . When word of the negotiations got out , DeGeneres found herself at the center of intense speculation about when she or her character , or both , would come out . With DeGeneres hinting at her and her character 's coming out both off-screen and within the show , the rumors were confirmed when the episode went into production in March 1997 . Despite threats from advertisers and religious groups , `` The Puppy Episode '' was an enormous ratings success , won multiple awards and became a cultural phenomenon . Nonetheless , DeGeneres and her show quickly garnered criticism for being `` too gay '' ; the series was canceled after one more season and DeGeneres and guest star Laura Dern faced career backlash .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6d99e223b648c39994f1af2628dc5211",
"text": "Godiva's Godiva 's is a Canadian television comedy-drama series created by Michael MacLennan with Julia Keatley of Keatley Entertainment . It debuted on Bravo ! and Citytv in 2005 and was celebrated for its intelligent , fast-paced depiction of young Canadians in the restaurant industry . The series was nominated for numerous Gemini Awards including Best Series . Although the series was critically well received , after completing a successful two-season run in 2006 , it was not renewed for a third season by CHUM broadcasting .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "de0adb7485c1355258244cd76716a4cf",
"text": "List of Degrassi characters The following is a list of characters who appeared in the teen drama series Degrassi Junior High and Degrassi High ( including the immediate follow-up made-for-television movie , Degrassi : School 's Out ) , which are part of the Degrassi universe . Hundreds of actors appeared the series throughout their run . There were distinct main youth characters among recurring youth characters , yet the latter were occasionally the central protagonists of episode plots . No plots centered on adult characters , though they were often important plot devices . Degrassi Junior High ran for three seasons , and was followed by Degrassi High , which ran for a further two seasons , and a made-for-television movie Degrassi : School 's Out . Seasons 1 through 3 refer to Degrassi Junior High , and seasons 4 and 5 refer to Degrassi High and School 's Out .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "00d1702e8cd323b4e1ec2404cd71cdab",
"text": "Virginie Virginie was a French-language Canadian television series that aired Monday through Thursday on Radio-Canada ( the French-language CBC television network ) . It debuted in 1996 . The show examined the public and private lives of teachers , students , and families at the fictional Sainte-Jeanne-d'Arc high school . It frequently dealt with controversial social topics , such as teen drug use , ethnic prejudice , divorce , and other subjects touching on contemporary Quebec life . `` Virginie '' was a téléroman-style drama that often used `` cliffhangers '' in the storylines . It aired 120 episodes per year of 30 minutes each . The series was produced and largely written by Fabienne Larouche . Virginie ended in December 2010 after 15 years on air ; the last episode aired on December 15 , 2010 . The final episode drew more than 807,000 viewers in Quebec , or about 200,000 more than its average viewership for a typical episode . The program maintained a high level of popularity throughout its television run .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cae6fbeb7d6c9790e4cf7fd462ec87e8",
"text": "The Fosters (2013 TV series) The Fosters is an American family drama television series created by Peter Paige and Bradley Bredeweg which first premiered in the United States on June 3 , 2013 on the Freeform ( previously named ABC Family ) television network . It follows the lives of the Foster family led by lesbian couple Stef and Lena , a cop and a school vice principal respectively , who raise a multi-ethnic blended family that consists of one biological and four adopted children in San Diego , California . The first season of The Fosters received generally favorable reviews from critics and also garnered particular acclaim for its portrayal of LGBT themes . It also earned two GLAAD Media Awards and one Teen Choice Award .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2d0dee3f473f5afa276d6724b17a71af",
"text": "Degrassi: Next Class (season 3) The third season of Degrassi : Next Class premiered on January 9 , 2017 on Family Channel under the teen block F2N in Canada and began streaming internationally on January 6 , 2017 on Netflix . This season follows a group of high school juniors and seniors from Degrassi Community School , a fictional school in Toronto , Ontario , and depicts some of the typical issues and challenges common to a teenager 's life . This season will pick up a couple of months after the season two finale and begin a new school year . It will tell the stories of a new generation navigating high school drama with groundbreaking stories such as sex , abortion , depression , mental illness , dysfunctional families , sexuality , homophobia , hormones , religion , protest , disabilities , life-threatening diseases and suicide attempts . It also continued to target the new post-millennial teen cohort known as Generation Z.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ec0864f6f01f1d8ae2b7e7e8c17b53ec",
"text": "Television Writers Vault The Television Writers Vault is an online marketplace within the television industry used for scouting and selling original TV formats , concepts , and intellectual properties to produce as new television shows . It is the first website to deliver new show ideas from people outside of the industry , resulting in successful productions by major networks . 2012 saw the global broadcast of two reality television concepts discovered from the site ; Saw Dogs ( aired on Discovery Channel , TV4 Sweden , and OLN ) and Deals From The Darkside ( aired on SyFy , A&E Australia , OLN , UKTV ) . 2014 saw the premiere of Kim of Queens on Lifetime TV , whose star , Kim Gravel , was discovered pitching her own concepts at the TV Writers Vault . The service was created and developed by former Merv Griffin Entertainment development executive Scott Manville . In addition to providing a showcase for programming ideas , it also offers educational content for new TV writers and creators on the subjects of creating and pitching new TV show ideas .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8a6cf1c9b8e1c1dc499adda83d30bd31",
"text": "List of places on Degrassi This is a list of notable places seen and featured in the Degrassi universe . As the series occurs in Toronto , these places -- some fictional , some not -- are located in the aforementioned city .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "17f63184e1642cec628bc8660f185454",
"text": "Naomi Clark Naomi Clark , played by AnnaLynne McCord , is a fictional character from the CW primetime drama 90210 , the fourth series of the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise . The character was created by Rob Thomas , Gabe Sachs , and Jeff Judah , with later developments by Rebecca Sinclair , and occasional input from McCord . During early stages of production , Naomi was largely described as a privileged and popular teenager . Prior to the series ' premiere , Sachs and Judah would further develop Naomi into an antiheroine with a number of flaws , virtues , and familial issues . In the second season , Sinclair , the new show-runner , maintained the previous developments but presented a more comedic take on the character . McCord has expressed fondness for the multi-faceted nature of the role , citing it as a factor in her decision to accept the part . Often regarded as the show 's central figure , Naomi has received critical acclaim from the Los Angeles Times , Entertainment Weekly , People magazine , and other media outlets . Reviews have praised AnnaLynne McCord 's performance and the complexity of the role . Conversely , Naomi has also been a recipient of criticism , particularly during the second season . For her work in the role , McCord was nominated for a Teen Choice Award in 2009 , and won a Breakthrough of the Year Award in 2010 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4b5ab2980e18a5726c29d70269af7bb2",
"text": "Summerland (TV series) Summerland is an American drama television series created by Stephen Tolkin and Lori Loughlin . It is centered on a clothing designer in her 30s , Ava Gregory ( Loughlin ) , raising her niece and nephews after their parents die in a tragic accident . They live with three of Ava 's friends who also help raise the kids in the fictional city of Playa Linda , California . Summerland premiered on June 1 , 2004 on the now defunct television network The WB . The series ran for a total of 26 episodes over two seasons . Its cancellation was announced on May 15 , 2005 and the last episode aired on July 18 , 2005 . A soundtrack was released on March 19 , 2005 and the show has been syndicated in many countries .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6f60c8a0a7f4860ea91c7f363dca0924",
"text": "Ida Makes a Movie Ida Makes a Movie ( 1979 ) is the short film that inspired the Degrassi franchise . It was directed by Kit Hood and Linda Schuyler and was written by Amy Jo Cooper . The story was adapted from the children 's picture book Ida Makes a Movie , written by Kay Chorao .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dc7246c25cb91cb372760efae1e07327",
"text": "Freaky Stories Freaky Stories is a Canadian television series , which was originally broadcast by YTV in English and Canal Famille ( now VRAK.TV ) in French ( 5-minute versions using the French title Frissons ) . It is an animated show about urban legends hosted by two animatronic puppets , Larry de Bug , a cockroach , ( voiced by James Rankin ) and his gooey sidekick , Maurice the maggot ( voiced by Dan Redican ) in Ted 's Diner - a 1940s era diner setting staffed by Rosie the waitress ( voiced by Jayne Eastwood , but never seen - Season One only ) . It was often part of The Three Friends and Jerry when it aired on Fox Family . This series , described as `` a Twilight Zone for kids , '' centers on the kind of myths and legends that are told as scary campfire or bedtime stories . Every episode always starts with and finishes with the phrase : `` This is a true story , and it happened to a friend of a friend of mine . '' and by the words of Larry , `` Just because they never happened , does n't mean they ai n't true . '' Animation styles and musical scoring varied within each half-hour episode , incorporating 20 different looks in the first season alone . The short stories and changing styles were specifically designed to keep viewers ' attention span . Series creator Steve Schnier successfully pitched his concept of modern urban legends to YTV in 1991 . In 1994 , Steve teamed with executive producer John Delmage . The resulting Freaky Stories pilot premiered during YTV 's `` Dark Night 3 '' Halloween block on October 28 , 1995 , and the series itself premiered as a one-hour special as part of `` Dark Night 5 '' on October 24 , 1997 . While most episodes were finished on digibeta , the pilot was shot on film using traditional animation techniques but completed on video . The subsequent series was digitally inked , painted and composited . Some famous episodes of Freaky Stories tell the story of : a family goes to Mexico and brings home a pet thinking it is a chihuahua , but is really a sewer rat . a man with a telescope calls the police to look at something horrible he found through his telescope across the street . a pizza delivery man enters a house to eat pizza with a lady and finds out she is going to kill him . a teenage girl who is obsessed with horror films babysits three boys and is later visited by a lady who says she is the mother 's sister , but soon finds out from the mother that her sister was killed in an auto accident one year earlier . a boy from Mexico sees into the future , only to discover that the world is going to end in 2016 . The only person who can save the world is a man from South Africa who will die in 2015 . ( part of the pilot , titled `` Who will save Leron ? '' ) a woman buys a new mysterious diet pill in preparation for a beauty contest , on the condition that she must not drink water for the duration of the diet . The diet pill was actually filled with several tiny sponges , and when she breaks and drinks gallons of water , they cause her to bloat uncontrollably . a woman has a beehive hairdo for so long that she gets a headache ; they surgically cut open the beehive and she has tons of spiders living in her hair . ( part of the pilot , titled `` Spider in the Hairdo '' ) . a man goes on a camping trip has a bug crawl into his ear , which starts bothering him , so he goes to see a witch doctor who pulls it out of the other ear , but in the process announces that the bug was a female and it laid eggs in his brain . a group of people on an airplane get stuck when the cockpit somehow would n't open , leaving it up to a boy ( using his braces ) to save them . a phone keeps ringing at a home mysteriously , leaving a family puzzled , until they realize the line is broken and keeps phoning the house . a boy eats a bunch of peanuts , which were chocolate covered peanuts that an old woman previously sucked on . The Hook , done as a musical . a nosy hotel maid uses a mysterious spray to set her hair , only to find that she was using industrial shellac ; thus , her hair cracked and she became bald . a boy photographs a mysterious waiter at a downtown restaurant and finds out that the waiter really is a vampire because he does not appear in the photo . the greedy owner of an airline tries to save money by not emptying the waste tanks on his planes ; a plane flies over his house party and covers his party with waste . a young man at a supermarket is duped by an elderly woman into paying for her groceries . a young vacationing couple tries to take a photo with a kangaroo which they believe to be dead ; the kangaroo comes back to life and steals their camera . a mischievous boy makes faces while riding in a car ; a trick wind comes along and his face is stuck in that pose . a teenage boy finds that his girlfriend always sucks on a lock of her hair ; one day , she coughs up a hairball . a nerdy boy creates a concoction to help him grow facial hair ; he accidentally uses too much and becomes a werewolf . a young girl learns kung-fu so she can confront bullies at school ; after beating a girl up for supposedly stealing her lunch , she comes home to find that she left her lunch on the kitchen counter that morning . a farmer treats a heroic pig who saved the entire farm from a fire by giving him many luxuries ; however , the pig uses a wheelchair because the farmer could not resist cutting its legs off to eat . two cheating college students ask to make up an exam on the excuse of a flat tire ; after being confined to different rooms , the majority of their exam asks them to identify which tire was flat . an elderly millionaire spends all his money commissioning research for a potion that will make him live forever ; he gets the potion , but it does n't stop him from aging and eventually his bones collapse . a rejected football player spreads bird seed on the football field every day for a summer ; at the first game of the new school year , the stadium is bombarded with pigeons . a boy who sneaks into the female dorms in college must hide under the bed when girls enter ; he mistakenly drinks a glass containing a girl 's contact lenses . a prisoner collects utensils to dig himself out of his cell ; he emerges into the courtroom where his trial is being held . a woman enters a funeral home to use the washroom and signs the guestbook ; she later finds that the deceased , a very rich connoisseur , has left a fortune of money and valuable art to the only person who signed his guestbook . a deceased man 's business partner visits the deceased man 's grave every year , dressed as his widowed lover , leaving a rose on his gravestone to churn up business for his local shop . a girl left home alone hears noises in the night but does n't go downstairs to investigate because she feels her dog lick her feet under the bed ; when she wakes up in the morning , the intruder has left a note saying `` humans can lick too '' . a creepy unpopular girl invites a few girls from school to her party ; they think the creepy girl is knocking ominously at the door as a prank , but they later find out that the creepy girl could not have been the one knocking outside . a nerdy girl brings snacks for a boy in the school cafeteria every day for a week ; on the last day , she reveals that she made the snack using a contraption she built to make food out of dead cockroaches . a boy falls asleep watching horror movies ; he dreams that he is attacked by mummies wielding toilet paper outside his house ; he wakes up but finds his house covered with toilet paper . man picks up a hitchhiking girl on the road ; she disappears during the drive but leaves her jacket . The man goes to her house to return the jacket , but is greeted by a woman saying the girl died several years ago , wearing that same jacket . identical twins get engaged to the same girl by pretending to be one person ; on the wedding day , both twins forget to show up by accident , so a long lost identical triplet marries the girl a woman tricks her boyfriend into thinking he has won the lottery ; he reveals several incriminating secrets and walks out on her , only to find out that the lottery drawing was yesterday 's . a man stores his fancy futuristic car under high-tech security ; only day , he finds that the car has been turned around 180 degrees in the garage , and the thieves have left a note saying `` if we want it , we 'll take it '' . a family 's car is stolen , but returned later with a note explaining that someone needed the car for an emergency and has left opera tickets for the family as a thanks . The family goes to the opera that night and comes home to find their house completely looted . a man and his friend stumble upon a landed UFO , go inside to find an alien party with severed heads on the walls . a woman comes home to find her dog choking on a finger that turns out to be the finger of a burglar , her lover , hiding in the closet . a man who steals car from parking garage finds top-secret fuel injection device in the trunk , travels across the country to deliver the device to a gas company for a large sum of money but is thwarted by the man who was originally hired to transport the device . a real estate agent stays in an old house for a night to prove it is not haunted ; during the night , creepy disturbances happen like the necks of people in the paintings bleed , but it turns out to be the homeowners ' son playing tricks because he does n't want to move . an escaped convict hides in a wax museum by posing as a wax figure , but he is discovered when the guard notices the figure has the convict 's trademark six fingers on one hand . a young boy flushes his pet baby alligator down the toilet because his parents wo n't let him keep it ; when he grows up and is working in the sewers , he sees the now-adult alligator . a vacationing man in an RV is abandoned at a gas station when the RV drives away on cruise control . a little leaguer finds out that he 's a robot and that he 's about to be replaced by a newer model . a sitter is repeatedly phoned by a stranger to `` check on the children '' and the phone operator is asked to trace the next call , the sitter is then informed that the caller is in the house ( an adaptation of The Babysitter and the Man Upstairs story ) . The sitter evacuates the house with the two boys and disappears with them into a downtown city . a sheriff chasing bank robbers pushes their car off rail tracks but gets his car stuck and gets hit by a train . When his grandson and his friends get in the same situation , they narrowly escape getting hit , and find a sheriff 's badge on the ground and hand prints on the truck 's bumper . a businessman , tired from a long drive , pulls into a motel to rest . He sleeps on a bed with an automatic massage setting , calling it the best sleep he 's ever had . He attempts to find out what the mechanism is from the hotel manager , who refuses to divulge the secret of the bed . The businessman sees a small hole in the mattress and hopes to get a peek at the bed 's mechanism ; he 's horrified to discover the mattress is filled with thousands of bugs . an English professor pairs two of his students together for an assignment in order to get them together . He instructs them to write a story , with each partner taking a certain amount of time to write their part . The Original Spanish Kitchen urban legend , as a musical , like the Hookman episode . while preparing for a blind date , a girl consumes a bowl of leftover chilli and begins to feel queasy afterwards . As soon as she enters her date 's car , she opens a window and passes gas , unaware that there were passengers in the back seat . a nervous boy meets a girl who helps him gain more confidence with talking to other girls ; he later tries to thank her , only to discover that she had died twenty years ago , but still returns on the anniversary of her death to help one person in need . a nerdy boy is set up on a date by two bullies , one of whom related to an unattractive girl ; the couple later fall in love once they see each other 's faces . a prison inmate starves himself to protest against the food served at the prison . After escaping during a lightning storm , the inmate makes his way towards a bio-tech building and accidentally consumes all of the refrigerator 's contents . a woman and her party guests believe they have been poisoned when they learn that the fish they ate was bitten by the woman 's cat , who later died ; she later learns that her elderly neighbor had run her cat over with her car . a man tries to convince his daughter to eat his favorite brand of hog dog wieners by taking her to a themed amusement park , where they learn that the company had been making the wieners out of garbage . a woman 's life changes when she adopts an abandoned kitten she finds on the street ; but when the kitten gets stuck in a tree , it is accidentally catapulted to another woman 's lawn , who also decides to take it in . a carpenter hired by an elderly woman accidentally traps her pet bird beneath the newly carpeted floor , and had also pounded the bird flat , mistaking it for an air pocket . while babysitting for a family , a girl is horrified when she sees the family 's dog chewing on the body of their rabbit ; after grooming it , she places it back in its cage , only to learn that the rabbit had actually died one week before and had been buried in the backyard . a futuristic family leaves their dog in the hands of the kitchen staff at an alien restaurant ; when the son finds a collar in his soup , the family believes they had consumed their dog , unaware that their pet was still alive in the kitchen . a journalist sneaks into a room on Area 51 and begins to take various pictures , believing he had found a hidden UFO ; after the photos were revealed to be duds , he loses his job and later finds the real UFO and alien at a local museum . two rivals attempt to out-dress each other when a fashion TV program arrives at their school ; when both girls are seen in the same outfit , they each tug a loose thread on each other 's dresses , causing their dresses to unravel right in front of their peers . a man obsesses over a building 's missing thirteenth floor when he realizes that the building actually has one that the elevator skips over ; he discovers that it is actually a trap for obsessive people like him . a man who regularly steals gasoline from car fuel tanks by siphoning them with a hose , sucking on the hose to start the fuel moving , runs out of gasoline and must siphon fuel from an RV , accidentally swallowing the contents of the tank ; after actually asking the RV 's owner for help , he is allowed to siphon some fuel but is told that what he thought was the fuel tank was actually the septic tank . a man in a futuristic sci-fi setting is drugged and wakes up to discover that his head has been hooked up to a life support system and his entire body below the neck has been stolen ( a variation on rumors surrounding stolen organs such as kidneys ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "099ee3a77bbfd07b11206802b6634ecd",
"text": "Desperate Housewives Desperate Housewives is an American television comedy-drama and mystery series created by Marc Cherry , and produced by ABC Studios and Cherry Productions . It originally aired for eight seasons on ABC , from October 3 , 2004 to May 13 , 2012 . Executive producer Cherry served as showrunner . Other executive producers since the fourth season included Bob Daily , George W. Perkins , John Pardee , Joey Murphy , David Grossman , and Larry Shaw . Set on Wisteria Lane , a street in the fictional town of Fairview in the fictional Eagle State , Desperate Housewives follows the lives of a group of women as seen through the eyes of their late friend and neighbor who committed suicide in the pilot episode . The storyline covers 13 years of the women 's lives over eight seasons , set between the years 2004 -- 2008 , and later 2013 -- 2017 ( the story arc includes a five-year passage of time , as well as flashbacks ranging from the 1980s to the 2020s ) . They work through domestic struggles and family life , while facing the secrets , crimes and mysteries hidden behind the doors of their -- on the surface -- beautiful and seemingly perfect suburban neighborhood . The series features an ensemble cast , headed by Teri Hatcher as Susan Mayer , Felicity Huffman as Lynette Scavo , Marcia Cross as Bree Van de Kamp , and Eva Longoria as Gabrielle Solis . Brenda Strong narrates the series as the late Mary Alice Young , appearing sporadically in flashbacks or dream sequences . Desperate Housewives was well received by viewers and critics alike . It won multiple Primetime Emmy , Golden Globe and Screen Actors Guild Awards . From the 2004 -- 05 through the 2008 -- 09 television seasons , its first five seasons were rated amongst the top ten most-watched series . In 2007 , it was reported to be the most popular show in its demographic worldwide , with an audience of approximately 120 million and was also reported as the third most watched television series in a study of ratings in twenty countries . In 2012 , it remained the most-watched comedy series internationally based on data from Eurodata TV Worldwide , which measured ratings across five continents ; it has held this position since 2006 . Moreover , it was the third highest revenue earning series for 2010 , with $ 2.74 million per half an hour . The show was ranked at number fifty-six on Entertainment Weekly `` New TV Classics '' list . In 2011 , it was confirmed that Desperate Housewives would conclude after its eighth season ; the series finale aired on May 13 , 2012 . By the end of the series , it had surpassed Charmed as the longest running hour-long television series featuring all female leads by two episodes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b5c1b59f8a81cfbfa8e0f3d489016d06",
"text": "Carolyn Scott-Hamilton Carolyn Scott-Hamilton is a Colombian-born , bilingual TV show host and media personality , holistic nutritionist , vegan chef , cookbook author , and speaker . Scott-Hamilton launched The Healthy Voyager travel show in 2006 , which was followed by the launch of her online magazine , HealthyVoyager.com , as well as a number of other products , services and shows , including her cooking show , The Healthy Voyager 's Global Kitchen . She is a double major graduate of the University of Miami and received her Master 's degree in Holistic Nutrition from non-accredited Clayton College . She also holds various culinary certifications . Scott-Hamilton was featured on the Discovery Channel and has appeared on The Better Show , Hallmark Home & Family , CNN , HLN , Daytime , EXTRA TV , the Ricki Lake Show , NBC affiliates , and other shows . In 2012 , Scott-Hamilton published her first cookbook , entitled The Healthy Voyager 's Global Kitchen . In 2013 , she developed vegan and gluten free dishes for Knott 's Berry Farm theme park in Buena Park , California .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f6a52afd0d9646e4210135ed0653f8fd",
"text": "The Backyardigans The Backyardigans is a Canadian -- American CGI-animated musical TV series created by Janice Burgess . It is a co-production of animation studio Nelvana and Nickelodeon Animation Studios . The series debuted on May 7 , 2004 and ended on May 31 , 2010 ; reruns of The Backyardigans continued to air on the Nickelodeon family of channels in the United States until 2015 . The show airs on Treehouse TV in Canada . In 2015 , the first season was included as part of Nickelodeon 's Noggin app , a mobile application featuring episodes of older Nick Jr. programs . The series was based upon a live-action pilot produced in 1998 titled Me and My Friends .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4140e705522adbb6520bc4d344626205",
"text": "Degrassi (season 14) The fourteenth and final season of Degrassi , a Canadian serial teen drama television series , premiered on October 28 , 2014 . Although only four school years have passed in the story timeline since season six , season fourteen is set during the final weeks of the spring semester in the years it aired . Writers have been able to use a semi-floating timeline , so that the issues depicted are modern for their viewers . This season again depicts the lives of a group of high school freshmen , sophomores , juniors , seniors and graduates as they deal with some of the challenges and issues that teenagers face such as teenage pregnancy , dysfunctional families , sexism , arson , sexting , sexual identity , miscarriages , anxiety disorders , drug use , child abuse , abstinence , and gang violence . The fourteenth season was announced on November 13 , 2013 . However , MTV Canada and TeenNick did not announce picking up the season until a month before the first episode was scheduled to air . Filming for the season commenced on April 11 , 2014 at Epitome Studios in Toronto . Filming continued into August , with a break before filming the final four episodes of the season in order to give Epitome the opportunity to start filming episodes for the first season of their new series . Filming for this season completed on October 6 , 2014 . On June 4 , 2015 , it was announced that Degrassi would no longer air on TeenNick or MTV Canada following the fourteenth season . However , on June 9 , 2015 , it was announced that Family Channel and Netflix had picked up the series and will air 20 new episodes in 2016 , renaming the show Degrassi : Next Class . This season featured the telenovela/soap opera format used in previous seasons , airing new episodes five days a week for the last two weeks of the season .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b59f8586904f857d05e490aa1d23b6a2",
"text": "Shortland Street Shortland Street is a New Zealand prime-time soap opera centring on the fictitious Shortland Street Hospital , first broadcast on TVNZ 2 on 25 May 1992 . It is the country 's longest-running drama and soap opera , being broadcast continuously for over 6,000 episodes and 25 years , and is one of the most watched television programmes in New Zealand . The show was originally screened as five half-hour episodes each week and initially receiving mixed reviews on its premiere . After its launch it dropped in ratings and would have been cancelled if TVNZ had not ordered a year 's worth of episodes in advance . TVNZ renewed the production in early 1993 when the show 's rating had picked up , and it now has `` long-term public enthusiasm '' . Today , it is one of New Zealand 's highest-rated shows , frequently making AGB Nielsen Media Research 's top 5 programmes of the week .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "12c07b57b12648d84f747e2d7ac7f150",
"text": "The Secret Life of the American Teenager The Secret Life of the American Teenager ( often shortened to Secret Life ) is an American teen drama television series created by Brenda Hampton . It first season aired on ABC Family on July 1 , 2008 and ran until June 3 , 2013 . The show was renewed for four additional seasons . The series received generally mixed reviews from mainstream critics when it began broadcasting , but was well received among female and teenage viewers . The pilot episode broke the record for the highest rated debut on ABC Family with 2.82 million viewers , a record previously held by Kyle XY . The season one finale brought in 4.50 million viewers , beating that night 's episode of Gossip Girl , which had less than half its usual number of viewers . Premiering to mostly positive reviews from critics and being well received among viewers , the second season of Secret Life opened with the largest audience for the series , posting a series high in total viewers with 4.68 million viewers ; in adults 18 -- 34 it was the number one scripted original premiere of Summer 2009 . Furthermore , the mid-season premiere became ABC Family 's most watched telecast of all time with viewers ages 12 -- 34 , with more than three million viewers watching . The show earned the Teen Choice Award for Choice Summer TV Show during its premiere season , and spawned a book entitled The Secret Diary of Ashley Juergens .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
3b7ec48591b008dc10bd2282eff1423e | Daniel Day-Lewis attended a school. | [
{
"docid": "d61a9da2986f1b7ef7dab2f934c0b2c4",
"text": "Daniel Day-Lewis Sir Daniel Michael Blake Day-Lewis ( born 29 April 1957 ) is an English actor who holds both British and Irish citizenship . Born and raised in London , he excelled on stage at the National Youth Theatre , before being accepted at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School , which he attended for three years . Despite his traditional actor training at the Bristol Old Vic , he is considered to be a method actor , known for his constant devotion to and research of his roles . He often remains completely in character for the duration of the shooting schedules of his films , even to the point of adversely affecting his health . He is one of the most selective actors in the film industry , having starred in only five films since 1998 , with as many as five years between roles . Protective of his private life , he rarely gives interviews and makes very few public appearances . Day-Lewis shifted between theatre and film for most of the early 1980s , joining the Royal Shakespeare Company and playing Romeo in Romeo and Juliet and Flute in A Midsummer Night 's Dream , before appearing in the 1984 film The Bounty . He starred in My Beautiful Laundrette ( 1985 ) , his first critically acclaimed role , and gained further public notice with A Room with a View ( 1985 ) . He then assumed leading man status with The Unbearable Lightness of Being ( 1988 ) . One of the most acclaimed actors of his generation , Day-Lewis has earned numerous awards , including three Academy Awards for Best Actor for his performances in My Left Foot ( 1989 ) , There Will Be Blood ( 2007 ) and Lincoln ( 2012 ) , making him the only male actor in history to have three wins in the lead actor category and one of only three male actors to win three Oscars . He was also nominated in this category for In the Name of the Father ( 1993 ) and Gangs of New York ( 2002 ) . He has also won four BAFTA Awards for Best Actor , three Screen Actors Guild Awards and two Golden Globe Awards . In November 2012 , Time named Day-Lewis the `` World 's Greatest Actor . '' In June 2014 , he received a knighthood at Buckingham Palace for services to drama .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "728d7682fc9ef3f203c43dedda0947cb",
"text": "Andrew Lewis High School Andrew Lewis Middle School is a former high school in Salem , Virginia , United States which was named after Andrew Lewis , an American pioneer , surveyor , and soldier from Virginia . He served as a colonel of militia during the French and Indian War , and as a brigadier general in the American Revolutionary War .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "19b42d98194c62584b31267caac2b26d",
"text": "Cornwall Academy Cornwall Academy was a non-sectarian college preparatory school for boys located in Great Barrington , Massachusetts , United States , among the Berkshire Hills of western New England . Its founder is John Geddes Moran , an intellectual and compassionate man who acted as headmaster for the life of the institution . The school ran classes six days a week and there were obligatory supervised study periods in the evenings . Many of Cornwall 's faculty had attended Dartmouth College and among the more memorable was John Gardner Chamberlain , the Deputy Headmaster who also taught history . William Stevenson , who taught English at Cornwall in the 1960s , went on to be the Headmaster of Litchfield Academy in Connecticut . Cornwall Academy 's curriculum served boys from the first to sixth form ( 7th through 12th grade ) with an additional `` post-graduate '' year offered if required . The student body itself never exceeded more than 100 boys . The school colors were burgundy and white and despite its small size Cornwall had sporting success in the local private prep school leagues . The campus was outside the town of Great Barrington and lay along a tributary of the Housatonic known as the Green River . The Headmaster 's residence , Moran House , had one of the few remaining hanging staircases in Massachusetts . Another colonial era structure on campus , the Saint Onge Guest House , was used as accommodation for visitors to the school . It is said to have been the place where the historian William Manchester wrote much of his book The Death of a President . The campus of Cornwall Academy was once described in Town & Country magazine as one of the most beautiful in New England . The institution lasted from the late 1950s until it was forced to close due to financial difficulties in the early 1980s .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "45fe1be3c3f18340c67af6d02ef15e1e",
"text": "Indian Mountain School Indian Mountain School is an independent coeducational boarding and day school for children grades pre-K through 9 , located on two campuses in Lakeville , Connecticut , United States . The Indian Mountain School Lower Campus is a primary school , grades pre-kindergarten through 4 , while the Upper Campus is home to students grades 5 through 9 . Indian Mountain accepts boarding students in grades 6 through 9 . Indian Mountain School is often abbreviated as IMS .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "eb14d69741de3b95ae9c48db85eae552",
"text": "St Matthew Academy ST Matthew Academy is a co-educational Roman Catholic academy for children aged 3 to 16 . It is located in Blackheath , London . The school opened in September 2007 after the closing of St Joseph 's Academy , Blackheath , and Our Lady of Lourdes Primary School . The Academy had a new build budget of # 38 million and was designed to be a state-of-the-art teaching centre with a focus on new innovative methods of teaching . It is a registered charity under English law and in 2007 -- 08 it had a gross income of # 10,583,164 . It is directly funded by the DCSF and receives additional support from its sponsors , the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Southwark and the De La Salle Congregation . The Academy is the first Roman Catholic all through Academys from Reception to Year 12 and is a specialist college in Business and Enterprise under the Specialist School 's Trust . St Matthew Academy has three Houses : Romero , Teresa and Mandela , named after Archbishop Oscar Romero , Mother Teresa of Calcutta and Nelson Mandela . The Academy since opening has been responsible for a dramatic increase in results at GCSE . In 2010 results rose by 21 % making the Academy the most improved school in Lewisham and South London .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "eb34a96cf8e12468101285053fd24d47",
"text": "Bembridge School Bembridge School was an independent school in Bembridge on the Isle of Wight founded in 1919 by social reformer and Liberal MP John Howard Whitehouse . Set in over 100 acre on the easternmost tip of the Isle of Wight Bembridge was a public school intended to challenge the traditional concept of education . Many of the radical ideas first employed by Whitehouse , such as teaching of woodwork , American history and modern languages , were not to become mainstream for half a century . From 5 boys sited in what is now known as Old House the school rapidly grew , New House and the Ruskin Galleries and the chapel being built in the 1930s as well as the refectory and library and teaching blocks . By the end of Whitehouse 's life there were 264 boys and the school continued to grow and to flourish . During the Second World War the site was used as a military base by the Army and the school moved to The Waterhead Hotel in Coniston , close to Brantwood , the former home of John Ruskin and owned by the school . The school returned to Bembridge in 1945 . The school was noted for its collection of art , books and memorabilia relating to John Ruskin , the largest of its kind . This included many notable manuscripts and the school was founded on the teachings of Ruskin . This collection is now housed in the Ruskin Library at the University of Lancaster . The school continued to grow and thrive into the 1990s , over the decades building and acquiring many new buildings including Kilgerran House , the music block , squash courts , the Stedman Sports Hall and additions to the preparatory school and the formation of a popular pre-prep . Bembridge School greatly considered the importance of sports in its students ' lives and the grounds contained three cricket pitches including the centre pitch , the largest and perhaps the best fast-bowling wicket in the county , a nine-hole golf course , two football/rugby pitches , tennis courts and a hockey pitch . Pupils also had the opportunity to go swimming in the sea , shooting and climb the cliffs at Whitecliff Bay . Shortly after celebrating the school 's 75th anniversary the Education Trust , a hereditary committee with few links to the school , announced their intention to dispose of the school , whilst retaining possession of the valuable Ruskin collection .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e34c61be97e0d8fa68ce5e490d05a1fc",
"text": "Aloha College Aloha College is a private school established in 1982 as a not-for-profit in Marbella , Spain . It provides an international education in 2 sections , Primary School ( 3 -- 10 years ) and Secondary School ( 11 -- 18 years ) . The main building , purpose-built in 1982 , houses the Primary School and administration department and covers an area of 5000 square metres . When it opened it was one of the first IB schools in Spain . A new Secondary school was opened in September 2004 , effectively doubling the size of the school . The modern , purpose-built accommodation has , in addition to normal classroom provision , four well-equipped laboratories , three dedicated computer suites , a library & media Centre , two art & design Studios and a Music Department with a tiered performance area and two drama studios . There are two all-weather sports pitches , a golfing academy and riding school nearby and daily use is made of tennis and swimming facilities within minutes of the site . In addition to a wide-ranging programme of extra-curricular activities , there is a strong emphasis on music and drama tuition . Aloha College is an official examination centre for the prestigious LAMDA qualifications ( London Academy of Music and Dramatic Art ) . Also , examiners from the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music and the British Ballet Organization regularly visit the college to assess pupils . Students from 14 years onwards have the opportunity of taking part in the Duke of Edinburgh Award Scheme .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e637b31f1ca6f95e1fa5454c5e5c6475",
"text": "LDS High School LDS High School ( previously known as Salt Lake Stake Academy or Latter-day Saints ' High School , and sometimes spelled Latter-day Saints High School ) was a secondary school located in Salt Lake City , Utah operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints . The school was closely associated with Latter-day Saints ' University , the last vestiges of which are now LDS Business College . Both trace their beginnings to the Salt Lake Stake Academy , which started in 1886 . The LDS High School name was adopted in 1927 . In 1931 , LDS High School was closed , leaving about 1,000 students to attend public high schools , most notably the newly built South High , which opened in the fall of the same year . The closure was a late example of a process of closure of most LDS run secondary schools in the Utah area .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "72205d83f3275816a15ffed4092f7a18",
"text": "Nancy Campbell Collegiate Institute The Nancy Campbell Academy ( formerly Nancy Campbell Collegiate Institute ) is a grade 7 through 12 ( day-school or residential ) Canadian accredited international private Bahá ' í school in Stratford , Ontario , Canada . Emphasizing its `` twin pillars '' of academic excellence and a clear moral framework , NCA satisfies the Ministry of Education ( Ontario ) standards , leading to the Ontario Secondary School Diploma ( OSSD ) . The Institute was named after Nancy Campbell ( 1905-1980 ) , an accomplished pianist , artist , actress and dancer , who lived as a `` world citizen '' motivated by her belief in the Bahá ' í Faith . Campbell worked to promote the ideal of the oneness of humanity , and was a dynamic speaker who travelled throughout the world giving lectures on peace and world unity . Breakwell Education Inc. established NCA in 1994 . Within seven years of its founding , NCA was among 16 schools rated Number One in a Fraser Institute survey of 816 Ontario high schools .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e5edbb25a9040f533d36cd5fe7f7e2e0",
"text": "Green Spring Academy Shoreditch Green Spring Academy Shoreditch ( formerly known as Daniel Street School , Daneford , Bethnal Green High School , Bethnal Green Technology College and Bethnal Green Academy ) is a co-educational academy for students aged between 11-19 based in Bethnal Green in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets , in East London .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7840348630b0171ea1b2bd77b898d2ea",
"text": "Charlotte Latin School Charlotte Latin School is an independent , coeducational , non-sectarian , non-partisan , college-preparatory day school , founded in 1970 , serving approximately 1,400 students in transitional kindergarten through twelfth grade and located in Charlotte , North Carolina , United States . In 1977 , Charlotte Latin was the youngest school in the nation to be granted a Cum Laude Society charter , and has been named three times as a Blue Ribbon School of Excellence by the United States Department of Education . The school is jointly accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools and the Southern Association of Independent Schools , and the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b81e19bb67b4aae758405e2605d6ae19",
"text": "Rio Hondo Preparatory School Rio Hondo Preparatory School , familiarly known as Rio Hondo Prep , RHP or simply Rio , is a day school for grades 6 -- 12 . Founded in 1964 , it is located in Arcadia , California .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8c2ad3de9ed15c052b3f55655c3ab50e",
"text": "Kings Manor Community College Kings Manor Community College ( formerly Kings Manor School ) was a secondary school located in Shoreham-by-Sea , West Sussex . A specialist status state school , Kings Manor closed and reopened as an Academy named Shoreham Academy , with funding from the central government , in September 2009 . Kings Manor School was formed in 1970 by the merger of King 's Manor Girls school in Kingston Lane which had opened in 1959 , with Shoreham and Southwick Senior Boys County school in Middle Road which had opened in 1937 . Initially , the school operated on both sites , but later all facilities were transferred to the Kingston Lane site . The school took in students from years seven through eleven and had an adjoined sixth form college , the student population of which was derived primarily from the main school . The wide catchment area of the school resulted in pupils being taken from diverse social-economic backgrounds . For ease of administration , each year group was divided into ten bands , assigned the letter K or M and a number from 1-5 ( e.g. 9K5 or 10M3 ) . However , beyond this , there was little resemblance to a traditional house system . With regards to uniforms , year seven , eight , and nine pupils wore dark blue shirts while those in years ten and eleven wore pale blue . Local newspaper The Argus commented upon the irony of the school 's first pupil to go onto the University of Oxford in the same year that Secretary of State for Children , Schools and Families Ed Balls threatened the school with closure . This was , however , incorrect , as the government economist Paul Johnson had gone on from the school to Oxford in the mid 1980s . The Education Secretary noted King 's Manor as one of 11 schools in the Sussex area which qualified as `` failing schools '' because less than 30 % of students manage to achieve A-C grades at General Certificate of Secondary Education ( GCSE ) . In 2007 , 23 % of pupils attained five or more GCSEs at Grade C or above including English and Maths , which was roughly half the national average of 46.7 % ; only 11 % of pupils got an A * - C pass in GCSE Science .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d60f7a47696968d8e183573e92ca5676",
"text": "History of The Hill School The Hill School was founded in 1851 by the Rev. Matthew Meigs as the Family Boarding School for Boys and Young Men . However , it soon , acquired its current name from the mansion in which the school was originally located in which was known as The Hill . The School opened on May 1 , 1851 , enrolling 25 boys for the first year . According to Paul Chancellor 's The History of The Hill School : 1851-1976 , `` He -LSB- Meigs -RSB- wanted to stress that he was not founding still another academy , but a type of school quite new and rare in America . There is a tendency to think that the boys ' boarding school as we know it existed as long as there have been private schools . It has not . Most of the 12 to 15 schools generally considered the `` core '' group were established in the last half of the nineteenth century . Of this whole group of schools , The Hill was the first to be founded as a `` family boarding school '' ( a school where the students lived on campus ) , as opposed to boarding with families in the town . `` In the thirty-five years of John Meigs ' administration ` The Hill , ' as it is known to all its boys , has become one of the great secondary schools of the country . It might be said to bear the same relation to the English public schools of Rugby and Eton and Westminster that the American college bears to the English universities . It has the traditions of scholarship , good breeding , and moral ideals characteristic of the English-speaking race , and with them it has the spirit of American democracy . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7f8143a112ff2b329e3d46f50964271e",
"text": "Greenfields School Greenfields School is an independent , non-denominational , day and boarding school in Forest Row , East Sussex , England run by Scientologists . It services children from 2 to 18 . It has a Montessori-based Pre-school & Reception class , followed by Infant , Junior , Senior , 6th Form and EFL ( English as a Foreign Language ) classes . Greenfields utilises a study method called Study Technology which is a teaching method developed by Church of Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard , and licensed from U.S. non-profit educational organization Applied Scholastics . The school is a member of the Independent Schools Association . The school was founded by Scientologists , and the school 's staff estimates that 90 % of staff and 80 % of students are Scientologists , although the school 's curriculum is non-religious . The school 's website states that it is not a Scientology school , but that it uses ` Study Technology which was developed by L. Ron Hubbard who also developed Scientology ' and ` welcomes students and staff of all religions and creeds . ' The school offers substantial fee discounts advertising a ` private school education from as little as # 59 per week ' , with increasing discounts the longer the child stays in the school . The school has English as a Foreign Language programmes for international students . Summer holiday programmes run from June to August , minimum stay 1 week . The school also runs English programmes all year around for children from 5 to 18 years old . Boarding is on-campus . The school was last inspected by the Department for Education 's OFSTED in 2009 . Since that time inspections are carried out by the Independent Schools Inspectorate ; a full inspection was last conducted in 2011 , and an intermediate inspection in 2013 . The 2013 inspection found that the school did not comply with legal Boarding School standards in terms of staff recruitment checks , record keeping , and child protection . The ISI 's reports explain that the schools is run according to Scientology principles . In 1994 , one of the few non-Scientologist teachers from the school was jailed for five years after he admitted sexually molesting teenage pupils . A 2012 newspaper report suggested that many students left the school after completing their GCSEs , without going on to the sixth form , in order to transfer to Sea Org .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7f1d0eff281e5740b12f6a0fc8dc6e5a",
"text": "Darrow School Darrow School is an independent , co-educational college-preparatory school for boarding and day students in grades 9-12 . Its New Lebanon campus is a 365 acre property just to the west of the boundary between New York and Massachusetts in the Taconic Mountains and within the Berkshire cultural region .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d5c03514fa49e674f9428b8449e4c93d",
"text": "Hill House School Hill House School -LSB- ˈhɪlhaʊs -RSB- is a preparatory day independent school based in Knightsbridge , London . It was founded in September 1951 by Lt-Col Stuart Townend and has branches located in West London and in Switzerland . It is the largest preparatory school in London and was originally a boys ' school , turning coeducational in 1981 . The school is known for its distinct uniform , which includes thick mustard cable knit jumpers , corduroy knickerbockers and knitted hats .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a9f2ebb445445c4ced6a7f28cb987641",
"text": "West Hill Park School West Hill Park School is an independent , coeducational , day and boarding school for boys and girls aged 3 years to 13 years . It is situated in Fareham , England close to the Hampshire coast , between Southampton and Portsmouth .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b0f68f4198558391185447d8df60478a",
"text": "Lab School of Baltimore Baltimore Lab School ' is a private day school for bright children in grades 1-12 . Baltimore Lab School provides a unique educational opportunity for students with moderate-to-severe learning differences . Baltimore Lab School is located in Baltimore , Maryland in Goucher Hall ( one of the historic Old Goucher College Buildings ) built by renowned architect Stanford White . The school was founded in September 2000 as a division of its parent school in Washington D.C. , The Lab School of Washington . Both schools were founded and administered by Sally Smith , a nationally recognized leader in special education , until her death in 2007 . Baltimore Lab School offers its students and the public clinical services , including speech-language therapy , occupational therapy and psychological services . Individual or small group related service sessions are offered on an outpatient basis or through pull-out or push-in services for an extra fee . All students are able to benefit from these on-site specialists through services integrated into instruction . Baltimore Lab is a training site for interns from Temple University , Johns Hopkins University , Loyola University , Towson University , Goucher College , and Maryland Institute College of Art . These students complete an internship under the supervision of Baltimore Lab 's teaching staff . Baltimore Lab School faculty members are invited to speak at local universities and professional conferences . Baltimore Lab School strives to educate each student with a rigorous , yet non-traditional approach . In addition to core academics , visual arts , performing arts , and athletics , Baltimore Lab School fosters confidence , self-esteem , self-advocacy , and an awareness of individual learning styles and talents . Students of all ages are taught to develop their own personal `` tool kits '' of strategies , accommodations , and insight into their disability . Emphasis on each student becoming a master of his or her best self is especially emphasized in Baltimore Lab School 's high school program , where students explore their options for `` Life After Lab , '' through a community internship programs , opportunities to meet with college representatives , etc. . Baltimore Lab School offers a low student-to-staff ratio that allows their students to have better academic support than special needs students would when enrolled in a traditional school setting . The school also offers after-school activities and sports , such as cross country , indoor rock-climbing , tennis , track and field , basketball , and swimming , as well as many field trips to further enhance the learning experience of students . Baltimore Lab School also partners with the Chesapeake Bay Foundation to organize a multitude of outdoor learning experiences for students of all ages . Baltimore Lab School 's 9th commencement exercises took place in June 2016 . The commencement speaker was James Piper Bond , President of Living Classrooms Foundation . Previous commencement speakers have included Fred Lazarus , who at the time was President of Maryland Institute College of Art . In March 2014 , Baltimore Lab School began operating fully independently from Lab School of Washington . The building that houses the school was purchased from Washington Lab .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3df8af3b51ffc52a5288de6d0aa75945",
"text": "Avery Coonley School The Avery Coonley School ( ACS ) , commonly called Avery Coonley , is an independent , coeducational day school serving academically gifted students in preschool through eighth grade ( approximately ages 3 to 14 ) , and is located in Downers Grove , Illinois . The school was founded in 1906 to promote the progressive educational theories developed by John Dewey and other turn-of-the-20th-century philosophers , and was a nationally recognized model for progressive education well into the 1940s . From 1943 to 1965 , Avery Coonley was part of the National College of Education ( now National-Louis University ) , serving as a living laboratory for teacher training and educational research . In the 1960s , ACS became a regional research center and a leadership hub for independent schools , and began to focus on the education of the gifted . The school has occupied several structures in its history , including a small cottage on the Coonley Estate in Riverside , Illinois , and another building designed by Frank Lloyd Wright . It moved to Downers Grove in 1916 and became the Avery Coonley School in 1929 , with a new 10.45 acre campus designed in the Prairie and Arts and Crafts styles , landscaped by Jens Jensen , who was known as `` dean of the world 's landscape architects '' . The campus has been expanded several times since the 1980s to create more space for arts , technology , and classrooms . Avery Coonley was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2007 , citing the `` long-lasting influence on schools throughout the country '' of the educational program and the design of the building and grounds . The progressive legacy is still evident in the modern curriculum , which retains many traditions and educational activities dating back to the beginning of the school . Students work a minimum of one year above their current grade level , and explore broad themes allowing them to learn across subjects and engage in creative and collaborative projects , using instructional technology extensively . Opportunities to build on classroom studies are offered through a range of extracurricular activities . Admission is competitive and an IQ score of at least 124 is required . ACS is notable for its record of success in academic competitions at the state and national levels in mathematics , science , geography , and other subjects . ACS was recognized as a Blue Ribbon School by the United States Department of Education in 1988 . Avery Coonley attracted national media attention in 1994 when the school was banned from competition in the Illinois State Science Fair after winning for the fourth year in a row . Although the decision was later reversed , the controversy was decried by the press as an example of the `` dumbing down '' of education and the victory of self-esteem over excellence in schools .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "80667c2ab1007cbf218e641a8a1e86d8",
"text": "The David School The David School is a non-denominational private high school for underprivileged and struggling student in David , Kentucky , a rural village in the Appalachian Mountains in the United States .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
074bbdd75c56ca1e13791bfec55d14a3 | Rich Girl is a remake of a song of the same name. | [
{
"docid": "93e1886a6c3a52a047212e37147562d3",
"text": "Rich Girl (Gwen Stefani song) `` Rich Girl '' is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album , Love . Angel . Music . Baby . ( 2004 ) . Produced by Dr. Dre , the track features American rapper Eve , and is a remake of Louchie Lou & Michie One 's 1993 song of the same name , which is in turn an adaptation of the Fiddler on the Roof song `` If I Were a Rich Man '' . Stefani says the song discusses her dreams of fame and riches from the perspective of `` when she was just an Orange County girl '' . The last song to be included on the album , `` Rich Girl '' was released as the album 's second single in late 2004 to mixed reviews from music critics . It was a commercial success , reaching the top 10 on most of the charts it entered . In the United States , `` Rich Girl '' was certified gold , and it received a nomination for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration at the 47th Grammy Awards .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "753a0002282a8dc95c27e76e5e11b2a8",
"text": "Reprise Musical Repertory Theatre Reprise Musical Repertory Theatre is a series of four 12 '' long playing vinyl albums recorded in Los Angeles in 1963 . The four albums were sold through mail order as a box set in 1963 , then released separately to retail in 1964 . They were conceived and produced by Frank Sinatra . Morris Stoloff was the musical director and the A&R Director was Sonny Burke . The four discs feature the scores of four popular Broadway musicals of the time , namely Finian 's Rainbow ( 1947 ) , Kiss Me , Kate ( 1948 ) , South Pacific ( 1949 ) and Guys and Dolls ( 1950 ) . The `` Guys and Dolls '' album was issued on CD in 1992 when the musical itself was enjoying a revival . All the albums were re-released in a box set on September 26 , 2000 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "da4bb25d429f957e8ec7ec1f8d67d82f",
"text": "I Need a Girl (Part One) `` I Need a Girl ( Part One ) '' is a single by American rapper P. Diddy with the collaboration of Usher and Loon from the album We Invented the Remix . In 2004 , the song was featured in the Bad Boys compilation R&B Hits . Along with `` I Need a Girl ( Part Two ) '' , P. Diddy achieved a rare occurrence by having two parts of a song become chart hits . Part one peaked at # 2 on the US Billboard Hot 100 ( behind Ashanti 's `` Foolish '' ) and # 1 on the Billboard Hot Rap Tracks chart . It also charted on the UK Singles Chart at # 4 . Billboard ranked this song # 15 on their year end charts in 2002 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "add09e1d4094bddd881aaced4a9a47f8",
"text": "Reputation and Rarities Reputation and Rarities is the name of a repackaged/re-released version of British singer Dusty Springfield 's 1990 studio album , Reputation . In late 1987 , there was a resurgence of interest in Springfield 's career , which was a direct result of her work with Pet Shop Boys on the duet `` What Have I Done to Deserve This ? '' , released in November of the same year . The single reached # 2 in the US Billboard Hot 100 and # 2 in the UK Singles Chart , Springfield 's highest simultaneous charting single ever . Springfield then worked with Pet Shop Boys on two further solo singles `` Nothing Has Been Proved '' , originally from movie Scandal , and `` In Private '' , both UK Top 20 hits for Springfield in 1989 . The culmination of Springfield 's new success was the album Reputation , released in 1990 . The original album was released only in the UK and reached # 18 in the UK Albums Chart , Springfield 's first hit album in her native country in over twenty years . In 1997 , the album was re-released ( this time in America as well ) as Reputation and Rarities , and included the entire Reputation album , along with two tracks recorded for the album , but never used or released until then , the ballads `` Any Other Fool '' , written by Diane Warren and Robbie Buchanan , and `` When Love Turns to Blue '' , a collaboration with British pop duo Climie Fisher . Also included was `` Getting It Right '' , written and produced by Steve Tyrell in early 1989 for the British movie of the same name , first released as one of the B-sides to the single `` Reputation '' , and the original 12 '' mix of the biggest hit from the album , `` In Private '' . Reputation and Rarities was subsequently given a second re-release by EMI 's European mid-price label Disky Communications , then repackaged with a third set of cover art .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b1c7a58ea868a3854c0e73788bb5debf",
"text": "The Very Best of Bananarama The Very Best of Bananarama is one of several greatest hits collections by English girl group Bananarama . Released by Warner Music Group , parent company of Bananarama 's label London Records , this set is the `` official '' hits package released to celebrate the group 's twentieth anniversary . Hits included here span their history from 1981 to 1993 . It reached # 43 on the UK Albums Chart . This compilation features the `` single '' versions of the songs . Various tracks had been edited or remixed from their original album versions for their releases as singles and in the case of `` I Want You Back '' and `` Nathan Jones '' , the vocals were re-recorded after original member Siobhan Fahey had left the group and been replaced by Jacquie O'Sullivan . `` Nathan Jones '' was also included on the Rain Man soundtrack as well as their Greatest Hits Collection . A limited edition of The Very Best of Bananarama , released in 2002 , contained a second disc of remixes and replaced the `` Tempus Fugit megamix '' for the Miami mix of `` I Heard a Rumour '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4d045a21f1c0a7fd5a0dbc94f5d3be4f",
"text": "Dance/Electronic Digital Songs Dance/Electronic Digital Songs is a weekly chart that ranks the best-selling digital dance and electronic singles in the United States , according to Billboard . Although it originally started tracking singles the week of January 2 , 2010 , it did not become an official chart until the issue dated April 3 , 2010 . The Dance/Electronic Digital Songs chart tracks the 50 most popular downloaded dance music singles , including tracks that are exclusively available online only . This chart also includes previously released dance and disco songs that became available for downloading , which means that songs like `` You Spin Me Round ( Like a Record ) '' by Dead or Alive are eligible to chart . On January 17 , 2013 , Billboard added a new chart , Dance/Electronic Songs , which tracks the 50 most popular Dance and Electronic singles and tracks based on club play , single sales , radio airplay , digital downloads , and online streaming . As such , this chart serves as the main component for the Dance Club Songs , Dance/Mix Show Airplay , Dance Single Sales , and Dance/Electronic Digital Songs charts . The chart 's first number one was `` Bad Romance '' by Lady Gaga in the January 23 , 2010 issue and Gaga 's songs spent so far ( as December , 2014 ) a total of 1025 weeks on the chart . The chart 's longest running number-one is `` Bulletproof '' by La Roux , reigning at the lead position for 18 consecutive weeks .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a13b4a7c1ec913d82f211993dde9ef1a",
"text": "Get Rich or Die Tryin' (soundtrack) Get Rich or Die Tryin ' : Music from and Inspired by the Motion Picture is the soundtrack to the 2005 film of the same name , released on November 8 , 2005 on G-Unit and Interscope Records . It features artists on the G-Unit label such as 50 Cent , Lloyd Banks , Young Buck , Tony Yayo , Olivia , and Mobb Deep . The album sold 320,000 copies in the first week , debuting behind country singer Kenny Chesney 's The Road and the Radio . In December 2005 , the RIAA certified the album Platinum . To date , the album has sold over three million copies worldwide .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f6189fcc522d140b52c51f6b33024ff7",
"text": "Sixpence None the Richer discography This is the discography of American pop rock band Sixpence None the Richer . To date , the group has released six studio albums , nine compilation albums , five extended plays , and fourteen singles . They gained mainstream popularity in 1997 with their self-titled album , producing the hit single `` Kiss Me '' , which was an international hit . The song topped the Australian charts , and reached the top five in New Zealand , the United Kingdom , and the band 's native United States .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7dc881c10b4dbf516b53f2ed2a13ebef",
"text": "Hometown Girl Hometown Girl is the debut album from American country music artist Mary Chapin Carpenter . It was released on July 30 , 1987 ( see 1987 in country music ) on Columbia Records . The album did not produce any chart singles . It was produced by John Jennings , except for the track `` Come On Home '' , which was produced by Steve Buckingham . Vik Iyengar of Allmusic gave the album a two-and-a-half star rating out of five , saying that although `` her songwriting skills are apparent '' on the album , it did not contain as many `` rollicking '' tunes as Carpenter 's following albums . The Washington Post gave it a more favorable review , praising the songs that Carpenter wrote . Initially , Carpenter intended to include the John Stewart song `` Runaway Train '' on this album . Her version did not make the final cut , and was instead recorded by Rosanne Cash on her 1987 album King 's Record Shop .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9d8473d64a6990d6337a3a414b1c07f4",
"text": "Candy Girl (New Edition song) `` Candy Girl '' is an R&B song by boy band New Edition . Released in November 1982 , it was the first single from their debut album of the same name . It hit number one in the UK Singles Chart in May 1983 , becoming the 31st best selling single of the year there .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ae3cd54fe313bf4a4bdd987479c0a3f5",
"text": "Who's That Girl (1987 film) Who 's That Girl is a 1987 American screwball comedy film written by Andrew Smith and Ken Finkleman , and directed by James Foley . It stars Madonna and Griffin Dunne , and depicts the story of a street-smart girl who is falsely accused of murdering her boyfriend and is sent to jail . After getting released , she meets a man , who is supposed to make sure she gets on her bus back to Philadelphia , and convinces him to help her catch those responsible for her confinement . While searching for the embezzler , they fall in love with each other . After the failure of her 1986 film Shanghai Surprise , Madonna decided to sign another comedy film titled Slammer , which was later renamed to Who 's That Girl . However , she had to convince both Warner Bros. and the producers of the film that she was ready for the project . Madonna enlisted her friend James Foley to direct the film . Shooting began in New York in October 1986 , and continued until March 1987 . Production was halted during December due to snowfall in New York . Madonna utilized the time to work on her next tour and the soundtrack of the film . The film was released on August 7 , 1987 , and was a box office bomb , grossing only $ 2.5 million in its first week , with its final domestic total being about $ 7.3 million . Critics were highly disappointed with the film , and Foley 's direction . Some went on to call it one of the worst films to be released , while others found Madonna 's comic timing to be one of the highlights . However , the Who 's That Girl World Tour went on to be a critical and commercial success , grossing a total of US$ 25 million , and playing in front of audiences totaling 1.5 million people . The soundtrack of the film , though not acclaimed by the critics , enjoyed commercial success . Three of Madonna 's songs , the title track , `` Causing a Commotion '' and `` The Look of Love '' , were released as singles with the title track becoming Madonna 's sixth number one single on the US Billboard Hot 100 . The soundtrack album went on to sell six million copies worldwide .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "74895d7ef9317fc4837b98231469518c",
"text": "B Girls B Girls is one of two hit singles from hip-hop group Young & Restless . The song is about gold diggers who specifically target guys who possess items starting with the letter B. Specifically , these include `` Broncos , Benzes , BMWs , bass , bangles , and `` a pair of bars -LSB- chrome wire-spoke wheels -RSB- on a Cadillac Brougham '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aadd2d6aef8c1638f5d7191e27e243da",
"text": "The Real Thing (Gwen Stefani song) `` The Real Thing '' is a song by American singer and songwriter Gwen Stefani from her debut solo studio album , Love . Angel . Music . Baby . ( 2004 ) . It was written by Stefani , Linda Perry , and her then-husband Gavin Rossdale , who is credited as `` GMR '' . Nellee Hooper produced the song , with Mark `` Spike '' Stent serving as an additional producer . An Europop and synthpop ballad , `` The Real Thing '' talks about mutual love between two lovers . Interscope Records released the track as a promotional single exclusively in the Philippines a year after the album 's release . It was released as a CD single that featured a remix by the music duo Wendy & Lisa . The remix was also included on the deluxe edition of L.A.M.B. , as well as on the international version of the album . After its release , `` The Real Thing '' received generally favorable reviews from critics . Critics appreciated the `` vintage '' production of the song and labeled it a stand-out track on the album , while also noting its New Order influence . Stefani performed the single throughout her 2005 Harajuku Lovers Tour in a vintage red bathing suit along with a group of breakdancers and the Harajuku Girls . The live performance was praised and compared to similar works by Madonna and Cyndi Lauper .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "398ff265f048fc120abbc5095dd921d7",
"text": "Ghetto Girls `` Ghetto Girls '' is a hip hop song by Lil ' Bow Wow It is the fourth and final single from his debut album Beware of Dog ( 2000 ) . It features background vocals by Jermaine Dupri . The song uses a sample of `` All in My Mind '' by R&B group Soul for Real .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "01021ed266c7fe7316ac0ba9d0f91152",
"text": "Girl on TV `` Girl On TV '' is a song written and recorded by the American boy band LFO . It was released in November 1999 , from their album LFO . The song was also their second single and peaked at number 10 in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 on November 30 ( after reaching the Top 40 on November 16 ) and number 6 in the UK , where it was their biggest hit . `` Girl on TV '' was certified Gold by RIAA in 2000 for the shipment of over 500,000 copies in the US .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a5b94a4aa0f2e36af0d2295d6a677804",
"text": "A Girl Like You (Cliff Richard and The Shadows song) `` A Girl Like You '' is a song written by Jerry Lordan and recorded by Cliff Richard and the Shadows in June , 1961 . It peaked at number three on the UK Singles Chart . However , it did chart higher ( at number two ) in Norway .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "20ec29d0a128dc462efe93f2afac4fb0",
"text": "Same Girl (Jennifer Lopez song) `` Same Girl '' is a song recorded by American entertainer Jennifer Lopez for her eighth studio album , A.K.A. ( 2014 ) . It features a guest rap from American rapper French Montana . The song was written by Lopez and Chris Brown in collaboration with the song 's producers Antwan `` Amadeus '' Thompson , Charles `` Chizzy '' Stephens , and Ryan `` Ryghtous '' Tedder , while Cory Rooney handled vocal production of the song . A solo version of `` Same Girl '' was released on February 4 , 2014 , as the second promotional single from A.K.A. . An accompanying music video for the solo version of the song was directed by Steve Gomillion and Dennis Leupold in the Castle Hill neighbourhood of The Bronx , Lopez 's hometown .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ff677cb525003758f8016b1b43af92e1",
"text": "Remake A remake is a film or television series that is based on an earlier work and tells the same , or a very similar , story .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b38dee4c92c772ba6eae6534acb10b41",
"text": "There Won't Be Anymore `` There Wo n't Be Anymore '' is a song written and recorded by Charlie Rich . Recorded in the 1960s , it was released as a single at the end of 1973 , and was his fourth No. 1 hit on the Billboard Hot Country Singles chart in March 1974 , and a top 20 pop hit as well .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6f6aed191939f81056bb161071197402",
"text": "The Poor Little Rich Girl The Poor Little Rich Girl is a 1917 American comedy-drama film directed by Maurice Tourneur . Adapted by Frances Marion from the 1913 play by Eleanor Gates . The Broadway play actually starred future screen actress Viola Dana . The film stars Mary Pickford , Madlaine Traverse , Charles Wellesley , Gladys Fairbanks ( returning from the play ) and Frank McGlynn , Sr. . The film was shot in Fort Lee , New Jersey when early film studios in America 's first motion picture industry were based there at the beginning of the 20th century . In 1991 , The Poor Little Rich Girl was deemed `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0ef036d100a6ed431eeb97ff6272c1a2",
"text": "Homely Girl `` Homely Girl '' is a 1989 single by the band UB40 . It is a cover-version of a 1974 single by The Chi-Lites which reached number 5 in the UK singles chart , number 3 in the US R&B chart , and number 54 in the Billboard Hot 100 . It was the first single from their 1989 album Labour of Love II . The song was released on October 31 , 1989 in the UK , but only in April 1991 in France . It was a great success in these two countries . In France , the song was used in a TV advert for the Lee Cooper jeans .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
eb75d7301b2480f66dd6c851cfbf84d4 | Andrew Stanton starred in an American science-fiction action film. | [
{
"docid": "9cf3ee84e437579d74355f2fe0336071",
"text": "John Carter (film) John Carter is a 2012 American science-fiction action film directed by Andrew Stanton from a screenplay written by Stanton , Mark Andrews , and Michael Chabon . The film was produced by Jim Morris , Colin Wilson , and Lindsey Collins , and is based on A Princess of Mars , the first book in the Barsoom series of novels by Edgar Rice Burroughs . John Carter stars Taylor Kitsch in the title role , Lynn Collins , Samantha Morton , Mark Strong , Ciarán Hinds , Dominic West , James Purefoy , and Willem Dafoe . The film chronicles the first interplanetary adventure of John Carter and his attempts to mediate civil unrest amongst the warring kingdoms of Barsoom . Several developments on a theatrical film adaptation of the Barsoom series emerged throughout the 20th century from various major studios and producers , with the earliest attempt dating back to the 1930s . Most of these efforts , however , ultimately stalled in development hell . In the late-2000s , Walt Disney Pictures began a concerted effort to develop a film adaptation of Burroughs ' works , after a previously-abandoned venture by the studio in the 1980s . The project was driven by Stanton , who had pressed Disney to renew the screen rights from the Burroughs estate . Stanton became director in 2009 ; his live-action debut , as his previous directorial work for Disney included the Pixar Animation Studios films , Finding Nemo ( 2003 ) and WALL-E ( 2008 ) . Filming began in November 2009 , with principal photography underway in January 2010 , wrapping seven months later in July 2010 . Michael Giacchino composed the film 's musical score . John Carter was released in the United States on March 9 , 2012 , marking the centennial of the titular character 's first appearance . The film was presented in Disney Digital 3-D , RealD 3D , IMAX 3D , and conventional formats . Upon release , John Carter received a mixed critical reception ; receiving praise for its visuals and action sequences , but criticism towards the characterization and plot . The film performed poorly at the North American box office , but set an opening-day record in Russia . It grossed $ 284 million at the worldwide box office , resulting in a $ 200 million writedown for Disney , against total production and marketing costs of $ 350 million .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7e6a52a8f19bf9cd4e244c011afd4c15",
"text": "Andrew Stanton Andrew Stanton ( born December 3 , 1965 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , producer and voice actor based at Pixar . His film work includes writing and directing Pixar 's A Bug 's Life ( 1998 ) ( as co-director ) , Finding Nemo ( 2003 ) , and WALL-E ( 2008 ) , and the live-action film , Disney 's John Carter ( 2012 ) . He also co-wrote all three Toy Story films and Monsters , Inc. ( 2001 ) Finding Nemo and WALL-E earned him two Academy Awards for Best Animated Feature . He was also nominated for three Academy Awards for Best Original Screenplay , for Finding Nemo , WALL-E , and Toy Story ( 1995 ) , and for an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay for Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) . Stanton directed the sequel to Finding Nemo , Finding Dory , which was released in June 2016 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "10cef2cfd8640e05b7192bd1c0fad393",
"text": "Circuitry Man Circuitry Man is a 1990 American post apocalyptic science fiction film directed by Steven Lovy and starring Jim Metzler , Dana Wheeler-Nicholson and Vernon Wells . It was followed by a sequel , Plughead Rewired : Circuitry Man II , in 1994 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3e8a5cbd98b7c919d039bccacd6ac951",
"text": "Operation Chromite (film) Operation Chromite is a 2016 South Korean war drama film directed by John H. Lee and based on the real-life events of the Battle of Inchon , although it presents a fictionalised version of the historical CIA/US military intelligence operation `` Trudy Jackson '' , conducted before the actual landing operation . It was released on 27 July 2016 in South Korea .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "56e8ace63f8d1e1bd26f0b94a1750a06",
"text": "Alien Adventure Alien Adventure is a science fiction/slapstick comedy 3D film in IMAX format released in 1999 by nWave Pictures , written and directed by Ben Stassen . The movie was rated G ( or the local equivalent ) in most countries . It was the first fully digital feature-length film produced for a large-screen format .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b85d22d27d12dde31d99236963c25ff8",
"text": "I Married a Monster from Outer Space I Married a Monster from Outer Space is a 1958 American black-and-white science fiction film from Paramount Pictures , produced and directed by Gene Fowler Jr. , that stars Tom Tryon and Gloria Talbott . The film was theatrically released on a double bill with The Blob . After a year of marriage , a young wife sees that her husband is not the man he was before they married . He has lost all real affection for her and for his new pet dog , which she gave him as a present . Thereafter , she quickly discovers that he is not the only man in town that has changed into a completely different person . Then one evening she follows him when he goes out for a walk and discovers her husband is really an alien .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c0718a49b09f0321646c97555522ca3a",
"text": "Manticore (film) Manticore is an American Sci-Fi original movie that aired on the Sci-Fi Channel on November 26 , 2005 . It was directed by Tripp Reed and featured Heather Donahue , Chase Masterson and Robert Beltran . It is about a squad of United States Army soldiers in Iraq that must fight against a resurrected , nearly unstoppable manticore awoken from its slumber by an Iraqi insurgent leader .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d",
"text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1c8fd70f1296652a885808b8e0f02161",
"text": "Indestructible Man Indestructible Man is a 1956 American crime horror science fiction film , an original screenplay by Vy Russell and Sue Dwiggins for producer-director Jack Pollexfen and starring Lon Chaney , Jr. , Ross Elliott and Robert Shayne . The picture was produced independently by C.G.K. Productions , and distributed in the United States by Allied Artists Pictures Corporation . The film was distributed theatrically in 1956 on a double bill with World Without End '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c35a8d31766ece7c5a21afc07c1a2a8b",
"text": "Eminent Domain (film) Eminent Domain is a film released in 1990 . It stars Donald Sutherland and Anne Archer and is directed by John Irvin . The film is based on the true story of a senior member of the Polish Politburo ( played by Donald Sutherland ) and his wife ( played by Anne Archer ) who both become banished from their own business . While they both struggle to figure out why , things start to take a turn when the wife is sent to a mental asylum and their 15-year-old daughter is kidnapped .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7c9f0edc6c5bcbf16ae3ff0ea956931b",
"text": "Steve Stanton Steven David Stanton ( born April 5 , 1956 in Brampton , Ontario ) is a Canadian author , editor , and publisher . He founded Skysong Press in 1988 and published the fanzine Dreams & Visions for twenty years , as well as the Sky Songs anthology series , 2002-2005 . He served on the Board of Directors of SF Canada for seven years from 2007-2014 , including three years as President of the association from 2011-2014 , when he established the bilingual SF Canada Awards . Steve Stanton 's science fiction stories have been published in sixteen countries and a dozen languages , and his `` Psipunk Trilogy '' , The Bloodlight Chronicles , was published by ECW Press in Toronto : this trilogy consists of Reconciliation ( 2010 ) , Retribution ( 2011 ) , and Redemption ( 2012 ) . Library Journal said this `` elegantly written '' science fiction series `` revitalizes the cyber-fiction genre with its vivid prose and believable characters . '' A fourth science fiction novel , Freenet , was published in 2016 by ECW Press .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "14518a34e0d980737bdd8ac9dbeefc76",
"text": "Outpost 37 Outpost 37 ( also known as Alien Outpost ) is a 2014 science fiction action thriller film . The film follows a documentary crew sent to record the daily lives of the soldiers of Outpost 37 , 12 years after the initial alien invasion .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5873e6f95565031197bd64784523af07",
"text": "2002 (film) 2002 is a Hong Kong science fiction action film directed by Wilson Yip and starring Nicholas Tse and Stephen Fung",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "36db667102f4bc47c6c2b9d4746bb168",
"text": "Annihilator (film) Annihilator is a 1986 science fiction television film , starring Mark Lindsay Chapman , Catherine Mary Stewart , and Lisa Blount .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "78f22096096b590358f9152660d8d150",
"text": "The Terror Within II The Terror Within II is a 1991 science fiction/horror film starring Andrew Stevens , who also directed it .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8a13f51d2d5e1045e5fbec788dbe6f1b",
"text": "The Philadelphia Experiment (film) The Philadelphia Experiment is a 1984 science fiction film . It is directed by Stewart Raffill and stars Michael Paré , Bobby Di Cicco , and Nancy Allen and based on the urban legend of the Philadelphia Experiment . The movie is set in 1943 where two sailors , David Herdeg ( Paré ) and Jim Parker ( Di Cicco ) , are stationed on a ship used for an experiment to make it invisible to radar . However , the experiment goes horribly wrong and the ship completely disappears and Herdeg and Parker find themselves in the Nevada desert in the year 1984 . They find out the program has been revived in 1984 , unexpectedly interacting with the experiment in 1943 and putting the entire world in danger .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3cf777bb37ee96a0c3f614f975235b99",
"text": "Tron Tron is a 1982 American science fiction action-adventure film written and directed by Steven Lisberger , based on a story by Lisberger and Bonnie MacBird and produced by Walt Disney Productions . The film stars Jeff Bridges as a computer programmer who is transported inside the software world of a mainframe computer where he interacts with programs in his attempt to escape . Bruce Boxleitner , David Warner , Cindy Morgan , and Barnard Hughes star in supporting roles . Development of Tron began in 1976 when Lisberger became fascinated with the early video game Pong . He and producer Donald Kushner set up an animation studio to develop Tron with the intention of making it an animated film . Indeed , to promote the studio itself , Lisberger and his team created a 30-second animation featuring the first appearance of the eponymous character . Eventually , Lisberger decided to include live-action elements with both backlit and computer animation for the actual feature-length film . Various film studios had rejected the storyboards for the film before Walt Disney Studios agreed to finance and distribute Tron . There , backlit animation was finally combined with the computer animation and live action . Tron was released on July 9 , 1982 in 1,091 theaters in the United States . The film was a moderate success at the box office , and received positive reviews from critics who praised the groundbreaking visuals and acting . However , the storyline was criticized at the time for being incoherent . Tron received nominations for Best Costume Design and Best Sound at the 55th Academy Awards , and received the Academy Award for Technical Achievement fourteen years later . Over time , Tron developed into a cult film and eventually spawned a franchise , which consists of multiple video games , comic books and an animated television series . A sequel titled Tron : Legacy directed by Joseph Kosinski was released on December 17 , 2010 , with Bridges and Boxleitner reprising their roles , and Lisberger acting as producer .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8e4aa01eae46deb8c3c75b9724fcaac3",
"text": "Fredrik Stanton Fredrik Stanton is an American author and filmmaker .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0c646305535a94ad6994165976ee7a6a",
"text": "AE: Apocalypse Earth AE : Apocalypse Earth is a 2013 American science fiction film produced by The Asylum and directed by Thunder Levin , starring Adrian Paul and Richard Grieco . It 's also a mockbuster of After Earth and Oblivion .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c",
"text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1faa1d2a9a678e08f753148d28b34097",
"text": "Robert Stanton (actor) Robert Lloyd Stanton ( born March 8 , 1963 ) is an American film , television and stage actor , director and playwright . He may be best known for his role in the 1993 film Dennis the Menace as Henry Mitchell , the title character 's father .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "84bad4b485cfb08565d134c8067bddc7",
"text": "The Land That Time Forgot (2009 film) The Land That Time Forgot ( promotionally titled Edgar Rice Burrough 's The Land That Time Forgot , release in other countries as Dinosaur Island ) is a 2009 science fiction film by independent American film studio The Asylum . The film is an adaptation of the 1918 Edgar Rice Burroughs novel of the same name , and a re-make of the 1975 film starring Doug McClure .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
3ec0531528ae6971a1e5ef195235e7d1 | English language isn't closely related to the Frisian languages. | [
{
"docid": "2e84bc102ac7aed06846f3f2350b1d6b",
"text": "English language English -LSB- ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ -RSB- is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now the global lingua franca . Named after the Angles , one of the Germanic tribes that migrated to England , it ultimately derives its name from the Anglia ( Angeln ) peninsula in the Baltic Sea . It is closely related to the Frisian languages , but its vocabulary has been significantly influenced by other Germanic languages , as well as by Latin and Romance languages , particularly French . English is either the official language or one of the official languages in almost 60 sovereign states . It is the most commonly spoken language in the United Kingdom , the United States , Canada , Australia , Ireland , and New Zealand , and is widely spoken in some areas of the Caribbean , Africa , and South Asia . It is the third most common native language in the world , after Mandarin and Spanish . It is the most widely learned second language and an official language of the United Nations , of the European Union , and of many other world and regional international organisations . It is the most widely spoken Germanic language , accounting for at least 70 % of speakers of this Indo-European branch . English has developed over the course of more than 1,400 years . The earliest forms of English , a set of Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to Great Britain by Anglo-Saxon settlers in the fifth century , are called Old English . Middle English began in the late 11th century with the Norman conquest of England , and was a period in which the language was influenced by French . Early Modern English began in the late 15th century with the introduction of the printing press to London and the King James Bible , and the start of the Great Vowel Shift . Through the worldwide influence of the British Empire , modern English spread around the world from the 17th to mid-20th centuries . Through all types of printed and electronic media , as well as the emergence of the United States as a global superpower , English has become the leading language of international discourse and the lingua franca in many regions and in professional contexts such as science , navigation , and law . Modern English grammar is the result of a gradual change from a typical Indo-European dependent marking pattern with a rich inflectional morphology and relatively free word order , to a mostly analytic pattern with little inflection , a fairly fixed SVO word order and a complex syntax . Modern English relies more on auxiliary verbs and word order for the expression of complex tenses , aspect and mood , as well as passive constructions , interrogatives and some negation . Despite noticeable variation among the accents and dialects of English used in different countries and regions -- in terms of phonetics and phonology , and sometimes also vocabulary , grammar and spelling -- English-speakers from around the world are able to communicate with one another with relative ease .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "51b0618d3f1f4e984996c0a3975fe56c",
"text": "List of adjectivals and demonyms for subcontinental regions The following is a list of adjectival forms of subcontinental regions in English and their demonymic equivalents , which denote the people or the inhabitants of these subcontinental regions . Note : Demonyms are given in plural forms . Singular forms simply remove the final 's ' or , in the case of - ese endings , are the same as the plural forms . The ending - men has feminine equivalent - women ( e.g. an Irishman and a Scotswoman ) . The French terminations - ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine ; adding ` e ' ( - oise / aise ) makes them singular feminine ; ` es ' ( - oises / aises ) makes them plural feminine . The Spanish termination '' - o '' usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by dropping the '' - o '' and adding '' - a '' . The plural forms are usually '' - os '' and '' - as '' respectively . Adjectives ending - ish can be used as collective demonyms ( e.g. the English , the Cornish ) . So can those ending in - ch / - tch ( e.g. the French , the Dutch ) provided they are pronounced with a ` ch ' sound ( e.g. the adjective Czech does not qualify ) . Where an adjective is a link , the link is to the language or dialect of the same name . ( Reference : Ethnologue , Languages of the World ) Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things , sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words . ( Sometimes , the use of one or more additional words is optional . ) Notable examples are cheeses , cat breeds , dog breeds , and horse breeds . ( See List of words derived from toponyms . ) Where an adjective is a link , the link is to the language or dialect of the same name .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "96286d7f0017456c1ee319473ddff4a0",
"text": "Foreign language influences in English The core of English language descends from Old English , the language brought with the Angles , Saxon and Jutish settlers to what was to be called England in and after the 500s . The bulk of the language in spoken and written texts is from this source . As a statistical rule , around 70 % of words in any text are Anglo-Saxon . Moreover , the grammar is largely Anglo-Saxon . While some new words enter English as slang , most do n't . Some words are adopted from other languages ; some are mixtures of existing words ( portmanteau words ) , and some are new creations made of roots from dead languages : e.g. thanatopsis .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f89fd1f9ff641624a9830dfb8bfff26a",
"text": "Tutonish Tutonish ( also called Teutonish , Teutonik , Allteutonish , Altutonish , Alteutonik , Nu Teutonish , Niu Teutonish , or Neuteutonish ) is a constructed language created by Elias Molee . He worked on it for several years before publishing it for the first time in 1901 . He reformed it twice , first in 1906 and under the name N ( i ) u teutonish and then in 1915 under the name Alteutonik . It is known to be the first Pan-Germanic language . In 1901 it first was proposed as an `` Anglo-German unifying language '' , for English and Germanic languages speaking areas , not as an international language in the full sense of the word . Furthermore , Molee 's work is only intended to be a zonal constructed language amongst English , Dutch , Scandinavian and German native speakers . In creating it , Molee was clearly influenced by Giuseppe Peano but chose to create a language for people based on Germanic roots instead of Romance ones . However , he created an `` inter-Romance '' version of his language to be used among Romance-speaking people as well .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d6e8c6bbd8884f9248dbb0048235a30d",
"text": "History of education in England The history of education in England can be documented to the Anglo-Saxons ' settlement of England . During the Middle Ages , schools were established to teach Latin grammar to the sons of the aristocracy , as part of preparation also for the entry of some into the clergy and religious orders . The church preserved literacy and learning during this period , and education was closely tied to the religious vocation , in order to read the Bible and related documents . Apprenticeship was the main way for youths to enter practical occupations . Two universities were established in affiliation with the church : the University of Oxford , followed by the University of Cambridge , both related closely to training for clergy . A reformed system of `` free grammar schools '' was established in the reign of Edward VI . The Protestant Reformation had a major influence on education and literacy in England , as it encouraged the reading of the Bible in the vernacular of the people . ( Formerly , the Bible was printed only in Latin , the official language of the Catholic Church . ) Counties in the east of England , which had frequent interaction with the Low Countries , where the Reformation movement had flourished , developed a higher rate of literacy in the early years of the Reformation than did other areas of England . In the 19th century the Church of England sponsored most formal education until the government established free , compulsory education towards the end of that century . University College London was established as the first secular college in England , open to students of all religions ( or none , ) followed by King 's College London ; the two institutions formed the University of London . Durham University was also established in the early nineteenth century . Towards the end of the century , the `` redbrick '' universities , new public universities , were founded . The 1944 Education Act established the Tripartite System of grammar schools and secondary modern schools . The school leaving age was raised to 16 in 1972 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "97021b90fbc17f96fa359d1ce250954b",
"text": "Language Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication , particularly the human ability to do so , and a language is any specific example of such a system . The scientific study of language is called linguistics . Questions concerning the philosophy of language , such as whether words can represent experience , have been debated since Gorgias and Plato in Ancient Greece . Thinkers such as Rousseau have argued that language originated from emotions while others like Kant have held that it originated from rational and logical thought . 20th-century philosophers such as Wittgenstein argued that philosophy is really the study of language . Major figures in linguistics include Ferdinand de Saussure and Noam Chomsky . Estimates of the number of languages in the world vary between 5,000 and 7,000 . However , any precise estimate depends on a partly arbitrary distinction between languages and dialects . Natural languages are spoken or signed , but any language can be encoded into secondary media using auditory , visual , or tactile stimuli -- for example , in whistling , signed , or braille . This is because human language is modality-independent . Depending on philosophical perspectives regarding the definition of language and meaning , when used as a general concept , `` language '' may refer to the cognitive ability to learn and use systems of complex communication , or to describe the set of rules that makes up these systems , or the set of utterances that can be produced from those rules . All languages rely on the process of semiosis to relate signs to particular meanings . Oral , manual and tactile languages contain a phonological system that governs how symbols are used to form sequences known as words or morphemes , and a syntactic system that governs how words and morphemes are combined to form phrases and utterances . Human language has the properties of productivity and displacement , and relies entirely on social convention and learning . Its complex structure affords a much wider range of expressions than any known system of animal communication . Language is thought to have originated when early hominins started gradually changing their primate communication systems , acquiring the ability to form a theory of other minds and a shared intentionality . This development is sometimes thought to have coincided with an increase in brain volume , and many linguists see the structures of language as having evolved to serve specific communicative and social functions . Language is processed in many different locations in the human brain , but especially in Broca 's and Wernicke 's areas . Humans acquire language through social interaction in early childhood , and children generally speak fluently when they are approximately three years old . The use of language is deeply entrenched in human culture . Therefore , in addition to its strictly communicative uses , language also has many social and cultural uses , such as signifying group identity , social stratification , as well as social grooming and entertainment . Languages evolve and diversify over time , and the history of their evolution can be reconstructed by comparing modern languages to determine which traits their ancestral languages must have had in order for the later developmental stages to occur . A group of languages that descend from a common ancestor is known as a language family . The Indo-European family is the most widely spoken and includes languages as diverse as English , Russian and Hindi ; the Sino-Tibetan family , which includes Mandarin , Bodo and the other Chinese languages , and Tibetan ; the Afro-Asiatic family , which includes Arabic , Somali , and Hebrew ; the Bantu languages , which include Swahili , and Zulu , and hundreds of other languages spoken throughout Africa ; and the Malayo-Polynesian languages , which include Indonesian , Malay , Tagalog , and hundreds of other languages spoken throughout the Pacific . The languages of the Dravidian family that are spoken mostly in Southern India include Tamil and Telugu . Academic consensus holds that between 50 % and 90 % of languages spoken at the beginning of the 21st century will probably have become extinct by the year 2100 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b59338946bc931c24206138fd4544cfd",
"text": "English-language radio English-language radio refers to radio stations that broadcast primarily in the English language and are located in countries where English is not an official language or majority language . Often referred to as `` English-speaking radio '' or `` Expat radio '' the broadcasts enables expats , vacationers and travelers to listen to radio in their native language while traveling abroad . The idea is that stations broadcast in English to popular holiday destinations such as Pattaya or the French Riviera or places with high expat communities . English language broadcasting also takes the form of military-backed radio such as the American Forces Network . However English-language radio based in foreign countries has to now compete with the introduction of internet radio and satellite technology that has increased listener 's access to English-language radio based in `` home '' counties .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ef910177fc78d593cb68804530a1a40c",
"text": "List of adjectival and demonymic forms of place names The following is a partial list of adjectival forms of place names in English and their demonymic equivalents , which denote the people or the inhabitants of these places . Note : Demonyms are given in plural forms . Singular forms simply remove the final 's ' or , in the case of - ese endings , are the same as the plural forms . The ending - men has feminine equivalent - women ( e.g. an Irishman and a Scotswoman ) . The French terminations - ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine ; adding ` e ' ( - oise / aise ) makes them singular feminine ; ` es ' ( - oises / aises ) makes them plural feminine . The Spanish termination '' - o '' usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by replacing the '' - o '' with '' - a '' . The plural forms are usually '' - os '' and '' - as '' respectively . Adjectives ending - ish can be used as collective demonyms ( e.g. the English , the Cornish ) . So can those ending in - ch / - tch ( e.g. the French , the Dutch ) provided they are pronounced with a ` ch ' sound ( e.g. , the adjective Czech does not qualify ) . Where an adjective is a link , the link is to the language or dialect of the same name . ( Reference : Ethnologue , Languages of the World ) Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things , sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words . ( Sometimes , the use of one or more additional words is optional . ) Notable examples are cheeses , cat breeds , dog breeds , and horse breeds . ( See List of words derived from toponyms . ) __ TOC __",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2d430d382ff3ba4d2413da010479cbff",
"text": "Languages of Nigeria There are over 521 languages that have been spoken in Nigeria ( at least 9 of them are now extinct ) . The official language of Nigeria , English , the former colonial language , was chosen to facilitate the cultural and linguistic unity of the country . Communication in the English language is much more popular in the country 's urban communities than it is in the rural areas ( comprising about three quarters of the country 's population ) . The other major languages are Hausa , Igbo , Yoruba , Urhobo , Ibibio , Edo , Fulfulde , and Kanuri . Nigeria 's linguistic diversity is a microcosm of Africa as a whole , encompassing three major African languages families : Afroasiatic , Nilo-Saharan , and Niger -- Congo . Nigeria also has several as-yet unclassified languages , such as Cen Tuum , which may represent a relic of an even greater diversity prior to the spread of the current language families .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8fa41599094d9504f35aa77319920121",
"text": "Luxembourgish Luxembourgish , Luxemburgish ( -LSB- ˈlʌksəmˌbɜːrɡᵻʃ -RSB- ) or Letzeburgesch ( -LSB- ˌlɛtsəbɜːrˈɡɛʃ , _ ˌlɛtsbɜːr - -RSB- or -LSB- ˈlɛtsəˌbɜːrɡᵻʃ , _ ˈlɛtsˌbɜːr - -RSB- ) ( Luxembourgish : Lëtzebuergesch ) is a West Germanic language that is spoken mainly in Luxembourg . Worldwide , about 390,000 people speak Luxembourgish . . While it could be considered a standardized variety ( i.e. , a dialect with a written form ) of German , its official use in the state of Luxembourg and the existence of a separate regulatory body has removed Luxembourgish , at least in part , from the domain of the Dachsprache Standard German . Despite the lack of a sharp boundary between Luxembourgish and the neighboring German dialects , this has led several linguists ( from Luxembourg as well as Germany ) to regard it as a separate , yet closely related language .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fc56024a5e8a0606a818fec895b29003",
"text": "History of the Dutch language Dutch is a West Germanic language , that originated from the Old Frankish dialects . Among the words with which Dutch has enriched the English vocabulary are : brandy , coleslaw , cookie , cruiser , dock , easel , freight , landscape , spook , stoop , and yacht . Dutch is noteworthy as the language of an outstanding literature , but it also became important as the tongue of an enterprising people , who , though comparatively few in number , made their mark on the world community through trade and empire . Dutch is also among some of the earliest recorded languages of Europe . Countries that have Dutch as an official language are Belgium , the Netherlands , Suriname , Aruba and Curacao .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "018c4de5294a9d03cb8649f1fb3bf5fd",
"text": "Afrikaans Afrikaans ( -LSB- ˌæfrᵻˈkɑːns , _ ˌɑːfri - , _ - ˈkɑːnts , _ - ˈkɑːnz -RSB- ) is a West Germanic language spoken in South Africa , Namibia and , to a lesser extent , Botswana and Zimbabwe . It evolved from the Dutch vernacular of South Holland ( Hollandic dialect ) spoken by the mainly Dutch settlers of what is now South Africa , where it gradually began to develop distinguishing characteristics in the course of the 18th century . Hence , it is a daughter language of Dutch , and was previously referred to as `` Cape Dutch '' ( a term also used to refer collectively to the early Cape settlers ) or `` kitchen Dutch '' ( a derogatory term used to refer to Afrikaans in its earlier days ) . However , it is also variously described as a creole or as a partially creolised language.Afrikaans is a daughter language of Dutch ; see , , , , , . Afrikaans was historically called Cape Dutch ; see , , , , , . Afrikaans is rooted in seventeenth century dialects of Dutch ; see , , , . Afrikaans is variously described as a creole , a partially creolised language , or a deviant variety of Dutch ; see . The term is ultimately derived from Dutch Afrikaans-Hollands meaning `` African Dutch '' . It is the first language of most of the Afrikaners and Coloureds of Southern Africa . Although Afrikaans has adopted words from other languages , including Portuguese , the Bantu languages , Malay , German and the Khoisan languages , an estimated 90 to 95 % of Afrikaans vocabulary is of Dutch origin . Therefore , differences with Dutch often lie in the more analytic morphology and grammar of Afrikaans , and a spelling that expresses Afrikaans pronunciation rather than standard Dutch . There is a large degree of mutual intelligibility between the two languages -- especially in written form . With about 7 million native speakers in South Africa , or 13.5 % of the population , it is the third-most-spoken language in the country . It has the widest geographical and racial distribution of all the eleven official languages of South Africa , and is widely spoken and understood as a second or third language . It is the majority language of the western half of South Africa -- the provinces of the Northern Cape and Western Cape -- and the first language of 75.8 % of Coloured South Africans ( 3.4 million people ) , 60.8 % of White South Africans ( 2.7 million ) and at 4.6 % the second most spoken first-language among Asian South Africans ( 58,000 ) . About 1.5 % of black South Africans ( 600,000 people ) speak it as their first language . Large numbers of speakers of Bantu languages and English-speaking South Africans also speak it as their second language . It is taught in schools , with about 10.3 million second-language students . One reason for the expansion of Afrikaans is its development in the public realm : it is used in newspapers , radio programs , TV , and several translations of the Bible have been published since the first one was completed in 1933 . In neighbouring Namibia , Afrikaans is widely spoken as a second language and used as a lingua franca , while as a native language it is spoken in 10.4 % of households , mainly concentrated in the capital Windhoek , Walvis Bay , Swakopmund and the southern regions of Hardap and ǁKaras . It , along with German , was among the official languages of Namibia until the country became independent in 1990 , 25 % of the population of Windhoek spoke Afrikaans at home . Both Afrikaans and German survive as recognised regional languages in the country , although only English has official status within the government . Estimates of the total number of Afrikaans speakers range between 15 and 23 million .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0d690047f28a8de055d5e247ee11a249",
"text": "Animal language Animal languages are forms of non-human animal communication that show similarities to human language . Animals communicate by using a variety of signs such as sounds or movements . Such signing may be considered complex enough to be called a form of language if the inventory of signs is large , the signs are relatively arbitrary , and the animals seem to produce them with a degree of volition ( as opposed to relatively automatic conditioned behaviors or unconditioned instincts , usually including facial expressions ) . In experimental tests , animal communication may also be evidenced through the use of lexigrams ( as used by chimpanzees and bonobos ) . While the term `` animal language '' is widely used , researchers agree that animal languages are not as complex or expressive as human language . Many researchers argue that animal communication lacks a key aspect of human language , that is , the creation of new patterns of signs under varied circumstances . ( In contrast , for example , humans routinely produce entirely new combinations of words . ) Some researchers , including the linguist Charles Hockett , argue that human language and animal communication differ so much that the underlying principles are unrelated . Accordingly , linguist Thomas A. Sebeok has proposed to not use the term `` language '' for animal sign systems . Marc Hauser , Noam Chomsky , and W. Tecumseh Fitch assert an evolutionary continuum exists between the communication methods of animal and human language .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4",
"text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5e823944b46c28170099ecdd70991e34",
"text": "English in computing The English language is sometimes described as the lingua franca of computing . In comparison to other sciences , where Latin and Greek are the principal sources of vocabulary , computer science borrows more extensively from English . Due to the technical limitations of early computers , and the lack of international standards on the Internet , computer users were limited to using English and the Latin alphabet . However , this historical limitation is less present today . Most software products are localized in numerous languages and the use of the Unicode character encoding has resolved problems with non-Latin alphabets . Some limitations have only been changed recently , such as with domain names , which previously allowed only ASCII characters .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "11ad1b816d507c904dc68c8aafe23c85",
"text": "English English may refer to : Something of , from , or related to the country of England English people , an ethnic group of people native to England English national identity , an identity and common culture English language English studies , the study of English language and literature English language in England , a variant of the English language List of dialects of the English language",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d977648aa973e4fe3aa50112e437b175",
"text": "English law (disambiguation) English Law , English Bill , English Act , or variation , may refer to : Law of the United Kingdom English law , the law of England Common law , the body of laws descended from England Legal English , the specialized English used in courts of law and legal writing English Bill , a bill proposed by William Hayden English in the United States Congress English Language Unity Act , the bill introduced to define English as the official language of the United States Charter of the French Language ( Bill 101 ) , the act of law banning and proscribing uses of English in Quebec Pleading in English Act 1362 , the law of England making English instead of courtly French the language of the courts of England The secular laws of jurisdictions in which Amish communities exist ( `` English '' being the non-Amish ) , see Amish life in the modern world",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ef793e492309a4d59a576db45ee3c44b",
"text": "Trinidadian English Trinidadian English ( TE ) or Trinidad and Tobago Standard English is a dialect of English used in Trinidad and Tobago . TE co-exists with both non-standard varieties of English as well as other dialects , namely Trinidadian Creole in Trinidad and Tobagonian Creole in Tobago . Both islands as one consider the dialect as Trinbagonian Creole . Trinidadian English was originally based on a standard of British English . Located in the Americas , TE now uses many Americanisms , including apartment and trunk ( of a car ) . It is understandable by speakers of international standard English , although it uses a number of terms that are unique to it ( perhaps coming from Trinidadian Creole ) , such as `` to lime '' , meaning `` to hang out '' . Speech in Trinidad ( and , to some degree , in Tobago ) may vary by location and circumstance and is often remarked for its `` sing-song '' ( i.e. a rising and falling inflection ) intonation .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0fbd316c8e048152b3753131075b7b59",
"text": "Old Saxon phonology The phonology of Old Saxon mirrors that of the other ancient Germanic languages , and also , to a lesser extent , that of modern Germanic languages such as English , Dutch , Frisian , German , and Low German . Old Saxon is an Ingvaeonic language , which means that it belongs to the West Germanic branch of the Germanic languages and that it is particularly related to Old English , Old Frisian , Old Dutch , and Old High German . Thus , anyone looking at Old Saxon phonology will recognize some typical West-Germanic phonological features also found in Old English , such as gemination and the different pronunciations of the letter g.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1f6fc2928e873ac3455a301f8b1dbb00",
"text": "Philadelphia English Philadelphia English is a variety or dialect of American English native to Philadelphia and extending into Philadelphia 's suburbs in the Delaware Valley and South Jersey . The Philadelphia accent is one of the best-studied , as Philadelphia 's University of Pennsylvania is the home institution of pioneering sociolinguist William Labov . Philadelphia English shares some distinct features with New York City English and Midland American English , although it is still its own very distinct dialect . However , the closest relative of the Philadelphia accent of the mid-twentieth century is the Baltimore accent , both of which constitute what Labov describes as a single `` Mid-Atlantic '' regional dialect . According to linguist Barbara Johnstone , migration patterns and geography affected the dialect 's development , which was especially influenced by immigrants from Northern England , Scotland , and Northern Ireland . The accent is commonly found within the Irish American and Italian American working class neighborhoods .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e1035130f6218bf2a6219269a6383600",
"text": "Lexical similarity In linguistics , lexical similarity is a measure of the degree to which the word sets of two given languages are similar . A lexical similarity of 1 ( or 100 % ) would mean a total overlap between vocabularies , whereas 0 means there are no common words . There are different ways to define the lexical similarity and the results vary accordingly . For example , Ethnologue 's method of calculation consists in comparing a standardized set of wordlists and counting those forms that show similarity in both form and meaning . Using such a method , English was evaluated to have a lexical similarity of 60 % with German and 27 % with French . Lexical similarity can be used to evaluate the degree of genetic relationship between two languages . Percentages higher than 85 % usually indicate that the two languages being compared are likely to be related dialects . The lexical similarity is only one indication of the mutual intelligibility of the two languages , since the latter also depends on the degree of phonetical , morphological , and syntactical similarity . It is worth noting that the variations due to differing wordlists weigh on this . For example , lexical similarity between French and English is considerable in lexical fields relating to culture , whereas their similarity is smaller as far as basic ( function ) words are concerned . Unlike mutual intelligibility , lexical similarity can only be symmetrical .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
fa34e1e89658f8031d03c7cacc3f6a7e | Werner Herzog is a German screenwriter. | [
{
"docid": "079102ea54b5d3b104fcf8653db70839",
"text": "Werner Herzog Werner Herzog ( -LSB- ˈvɛɐ̯nɐ ˈhɛɐ̯tsoːk -RSB- ; born 5 September 1942 ) is a German screenwriter , film director , author , actor , and opera director . Herzog is considered one of the greatest figures of the New German Cinema , along with Rainer Werner Fassbinder , Margarethe von Trotta , Volker Schlöndorff , Werner Schröter , and Wim Wenders . Herzog 's films often feature heroes with impossible dreams , people with unique talents in obscure fields , or individuals who are in conflict with nature . French filmmaker François Truffaut once called Herzog `` the most important film director alive . '' American film critic Roger Ebert said that Herzog `` has never created a single film that is compromised , shameful , made for pragmatic reasons , or uninteresting . Even his failures are spectacular . '' He was named one of the 100 most influential people on the planet by Time magazine in 2009 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "410cc3773604d3c73c6ba03fcb611655",
"text": "WALTIC WALTIC ( Writers ' and Literary Translators ' International Congress ) - `` The Value of Words '' , is a bi-annual international literary congress founded and owned by The Swedish Writers ' Union . Having its premier launch in Stockholm between 29 June and 2 July 2008 , WALTIC 's aim and thematic scope is divided in accordance to three key elements : Increase literacy , Safeguard freedom of expression , and Strengthen authors ' rights . WALTIC 2008 keynote speakers were Mia Couto and Nawal El-Saadawi . Among the invited speakers present were Türker Armaner , Antonia Arslan , Yusuf Azemoun , Karin Barber , Ann Louise Bardach , Abdelkader Benali , Charles Bernstein , Calixthe Beyala , Giannina Braschi , David Brookshaw , Mircea Cărtărescu , Mauro Covacich , Tsitsi Dangarembga , Assia Djebar , Gamal el-Ghitany , Horace Engdahl , James English , Filip Florian , Jean-Claude Guédon , Josef Haslinger , Rafael Hernández , Ho Anh Thai , Uzodinma Iweala , Clara Janés , Eileen Julien , Jonas Hassen Khemiri , Jamaica Kincaid , Antije Krog , Leevi Lehto , Eileen Julien , Henning Mankell , Ana Menendez , Gcina Mhlope , Rosa Montero , Bharati Mukherjee , Herta Müller , Simone Murray , Sonia Nimr , Saliha Paker , Elena Poniatowska , Philip Pullman , Laura Restrepo , Rodrigo Rey Rosa , Hans Rosling , Alfian Bin Sa'at , Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak , Dava Sobel , Muniz Sodré , Saša Stanišic , Krister Stoor , Farzaneh Taheri , Shaun Tan , Yoko Tawada , Dubravka Ugrešic , Leonardo Valencia , Binyavanga Wainaina ( not present due to illness ) , Frank Westerman , Wu Ming , and more . WALTIC 2008 honorary guest was poet Tomas Tranströmer . `` I am glad to participate in the WALTIC congress because it is devoted to democracy , and the act of reading is a very good example of pure democracy in action , '' said writer Philip Pullman when asked about his participation in the 2008 congress . Chairman of The Swedish Writers ' Union and President of WALTIC 2008 : Mats Söderlund . Program Committee : Gabriella Håkansson and Henrik C. Enbohm .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6b01910b9fcff839bf58a549566fe7da",
"text": "Heinz Goldberg Heinz Goldberg ( 1891 -- 1969 ) was a German screenwriter . He also directed two silent films . Following the Nazi Party 's rise to power in 1933 , the Jewish Goldberg went into exile in several countries including Austria and the Soviet Union before settling in Britain . He returned to Germany in the 1950s .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "535b0e6875ed8a4873fc480e54e24d8d",
"text": "Teilherzogtum Teilherzogtum is a German term denoting a part ( Teil ) of a duchy ( Herzogtum ) after the duchy had been internally partitioned among members of the respective ducal family . Teilherzogtum does not have an English cognate .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8deebf835adb10df77be8415132c0da7",
"text": "Éric Werner Éric Werner ( born 1940 ) is a Swiss philosopher , journalist and essayist .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3111603d769e04ec5edb7e58b2f0c7c0",
"text": "Whity (film) Whity is a 1971 German film , written and directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder . Shot in Spain , it is a melodrama in the form of a Spaghetti Western which addresses some of Fassbinder 's recurrent themes such as dysfunctional families , sexual diversity and the struggle of the individual to find a place in society . Though entered into the 21st Berlin International Film Festival , it was never distributed theatrically and only much later achieved a DVD release .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b861453d95348770e3b7243661d6040e",
"text": "Peter Berling Peter Berling ( born 20 March 1934 in Meseritz-Obrawalde , Posen-West Prussia ) is a German actor and writer . He has worked on several occasions with director Werner Herzog , in his collaborations with actor Klaus Kinski . In several of his medieval novels , Berling has drawn on conspiracy theories based on the Priory of Sion .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e02a0c7f159955f0e03b5f0e1b027782",
"text": "Herman Weigel Herman Weigel ( born 22 March 1950 in Moers ) is a German film producer and screenwriter . He is one of the writers and producer of the television series Hausmeister Krause . Weigel is a graduate of the Munich Academy for Television and Film .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "db0139938c6dc3168415283affdf99ee",
"text": "Erich Lüth Erich Lüth ( b. February 1 , 1902 in Hamburg , d. April 1 , 1989 ) was a German writer and film director .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2875310234a79b25da2c8b1e6849597a",
"text": "Ingeborg Drewitz __ NOTOC __ Ingeborg Drewitz ( born Ingeborg Neubert ; 10 January 1923 -- 26 November 1986 ) was a German writer . Drewitz was born in Berlin . She graduated in 1941 from the Königin-Luise-Schule in Berlin-Friedenau , and took a degree in German literature , history , and philosophy , followed by a doctorate on 20 April 1945 , at the Friedrich-Wilhelm University ( today 's Humboldt University in Berlin ) . Her thesis was on German poet Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer . As a writer , she was interested in the Enlightenment and addressed Germany 's post-war history and the past and present social history of women . According to Knaurs Lexikon der Weltliteratur ( `` Knaur 's Lexicon of World Literature '' ) , third edition of 1995 , she `` made in her literary work , the abandonment of modern man and his inability to address his neighbour , as well as the problem of the individuality of life . Problems in women and employment are at the heart of her work . '' Her drama Alle Tore waren bewacht ( `` All gates were guarded '' ) ) , which premiered in 1955 , was the first German play to address conditions in concentration camps . Her most successful novel was Gestern war heute : Hundert Jahre Gegenwart ( `` Yesterday was today : A hundred years of presence '' ) ( 1978 ) , that dealt with three generations of women in the 20th Century . From 1973 to 1980 she taught at the Institute of Journalism at the Free University of Berlin . A year before her death she was a juror at the Ingeborg Bachmann Competition in Klagenfurt . She married her childhood sweetheart Bernhard Drewitz , by whom she had three daughters . She died in Berlin , aged 63 , of complications of cancer .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f898b20442bf87a815ad9386312d10e2",
"text": "Jerzy Hoffman Jerzy Hoffman ( -LSB- ˈjɛʐɨ ˈxɔfman -RSB- ; born March 15 , 1932 ) is a Polish film director and screenwriter .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "666eb2bcc8ad55d6f4a3c50f754b7c0d",
"text": "Karl Herzog __ NOTOC __ Karl Herzog ( 6 July 1906 -- 25 January 1998 ) was a German officer in the Wehrmacht during World War II . He was a recipient of the Knight 's Cross of the Iron Cross . Herzog surrendered to the Red Army in the course of the Soviet April 1945 Zemland Offensive . Convicted as a war criminal in the Soviet Union , he was held until 1955 . Herzog joined the Bundeswehr in 1957 and retired in 1966 as a Generalmajor .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e7e3c92fdd7b9d2c4eae82d45f47519d",
"text": "Ingo Petzke Ingo Petzke ( born 18 September 1947 in Belm near Osnabrück in Germany ) is an internationally acknowledged German film scholar , filmmaker and author . Ingo Petzke grew up in Osnabrück . He attended the Münster and Bochum universities and received his master 's degree in 1973 ( Journalism , Scandinavian Studies , Modern History ) . Petzke started his professional career in 1976 in Bad Oeynhausen as one of Germany 's youngest directors of an adult education school but fell more and more to the lure of Film . For several years he worked in the Festivalkommission of Internationale Kurzfilmtage Oberhausen and together with his students ( Heiko Daxl and others ) started the Osnabrück Experimentalfilm Workshop in 1980 which since 1988 is known as European Media Art Festival . In 1974 he was adjunct lecturer for film at Ruhr Universität Bochum and between 1978 -- 1983 at Universität Osnabrück . Since then he lectured in 29 countries , among them New Zealand , Hong Kong , Chile , Argentina , the US of A and Canada . In 1986 the Philippine government awarded him for „ International Contribution to Philippine Independent Cinema `` His ( experimental ) shorts screened at numerous domestic and foreign festivals . 1976 -- 2000 his company CINE PRO acted as sole German distributor specialised in Avant-garde/Experimental Film . During the 80s Petzke was a member of the Film Commission of Goethe-Institut - German Culture Institute , for which he curated several packages of Experimental films and Shorts . Since 1983 Petzke has been Professor for Film at the Design Faculty of the University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt . He lived and worked several turns in Australia : 1992 as Visiting Professor at Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane and 2001 - 2006 as Associate Professor at Bond University on the Gold Coast . In 2004 he earned his `` PhD by Published Works '' about Experimental Film . Additionally , he was awarded a Dr. phil . degree in 2006 at Universität Osnabrück with a film historical dissertation about Hollywood-based Australian feature film director Phillip Noyce . In 2008 he was appointed Adjunct Professor at the James Cook University 's School of Creative Arts and in 2009 appointed Honorary Fellow of the Cairns Institute ( For Research in the Tropics ) , both in Far-North Queensland , Australia . His main areas of interest are the history of the international Avant-garde ( since 2008 , he is also Director of the ( German ) Research Center for Experimental Film ) and more recently Australian film . Also , he has frequently done research into curriculum development , particularly for the German Federal government . Petzke is a member of the German Film Critics Association ( VdFk ) and of Screen Producers Association of Australia ( SPAA ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c2c43d3fdc907ed384f2fd3060f07716",
"text": "Last Words (film) Last Words ( Letzte Worte ) is a 1968 short film by Werner Herzog shot in Crete and on the island of Spinalonga . The film was shot in two days during the filming of Herzog 's feature Signs of Life , and edited in one day . The film tells a story of the last man to leave the abandoned island of Spinalonga , which had been used as a leper colony . The man refused to leave , and so was forcibly removed . He now lives in Crete , where he plays the lyre at nights in a bar , and refuses to speak . The film 's narrative style is very unconventional , with most characters speaking their lines several times repeatedly in long takes . The man from the island has the most spoken lines of any character , as he repeatedly explains that he refuses to speak , even a single word .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8b3b255f57a1867ba6ac859d7b5398c7",
"text": "Wilhelm Herzog Wilhelm Herzog ( 12 January 1884 in Berlin - 4 April 1960 ) was a German historian of literature and culture , dramatist , encyclopedist , and pacifist .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7ca16dcd7e4d0059c7e39083ff5518da",
"text": "The Great Ecstasy of Woodcarver Steiner The Great Ecstasy of Woodcarver Steiner ( German : Die Große Ekstase des Bildschnitzers Steiner ) is a 1974 documentary film by German filmmaker Werner Herzog . It is about Walter Steiner , a celebrated ski jumper of his era who worked as a carpenter for his full-time occupation . Showcased is Steiner 's quest for a world record in ski flying , as well as the dangers involved in the sport . Herzog has called it `` one of my most important films . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ce995a128f28a10dae8d99c3c178640d",
"text": "Ben Hecht Ben Hecht -LSB- ˈhɛkt -RSB- ( February 28 , 1894 -- April 18 , 1964 ) was an American screenwriter , director , producer , playwright , journalist and novelist . A journalist in his youth , he went on to write thirty-five books and some of the most entertaining screenplays and plays in America . He received screen credits , alone or in collaboration , for the stories or screenplays of some seventy films . At the age of 16 , Hecht ran away to Chicago , where in his own words he `` haunted streets , whorehouses , police stations , courtrooms , theater stages , jails , saloons , slums , madhouses , fires , murders , riots , banquet halls , and bookshops '' . In the 1910s and early 1920s , Hecht became a noted journalist , foreign correspondent , and literary figure . In the 1920s , his co-authored , reporter-themed play , The Front Page , became a Broadway hit . The Dictionary of Literary Biography - American Screenwriters calls him `` one of the most successful screenwriters in the history of motion pictures . '' Hecht received the first Academy Award for Original Screenplay , for Underworld ( 1927 ) . Many of the screenplays he worked on are now considered classics . He also provided story ideas for such films as Stagecoach ( 1939 ) . Film historian Richard Corliss called him `` the Hollywood screenwriter '' , someone who `` personified Hollywood itself . '' In 1940 , he wrote , produced , and directed , Angels Over Broadway , which was nominated for Best Screenplay . In total , six of his movie screenplays were nominated for Academy Awards , with two winning . He became an active Zionist shortly before the Holocaust began in Germany , and wrote articles and plays about the plight of European Jews , such as , We Will Never Die in 1943 and A Flag is Born in 1946 . Of his seventy to ninety screenplays , he wrote many anonymously to avoid the British boycott of his work in the late 1940s and early 1950s . The boycott was a response to Hecht 's active support of paramilitary action against British forces in Palestine and sabotaging British property there ( see below ) , during which time a supply ship to Palestine was named the S. S. Ben Hecht . According to his autobiography , he never spent more than eight weeks on a script . In 1983 , 19 years after his death , Ben Hecht was posthumously inducted into the American Theater Hall of Fame .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "36ae0b15ce5b7e0b47b549a3d4cadcee",
"text": "Werner Schroeter Werner Schroeter ( 7 April 1945 -- 12 April 2010 ) was a German film director , screenwriter , and opera director known for his stylistic excess . Schroeter was cited by Rainer Werner Fassbinder as an influence both on his own work and on German cinema at large .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "332acada47c9e9a4e923c5fd022f755e",
"text": "Herta Müller Herta Müller ( born 17 August 1953 ) is a Romanian-born German novelist , poet , essayist and recipient of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Literature . Born in Nițchidorf , Timiș County in Romania , her native language is German . Since the early 1990s she has been internationally established , and her works have been translated into more than twenty languages . Müller is noted for her works depicting the effects of violence , cruelty and terror , usually in the setting of Communist Romania under the repressive Nicolae Ceaușescu regime which she has experienced herself . Many of her works are told from the viewpoint of the German minority in Romania and are also a depiction of the modern history of the Germans in the Banat and Transylvania . Her much acclaimed 2009 novel The Hunger Angel ( Atemschaukel ) portrays the deportation of Romania 's German minority to Stalinist Soviet Gulags during the Soviet occupation of Romania for use as German forced labor . Müller has received more than twenty awards to date , including the Kleist Prize ( 1994 ) , the Aristeion Prize ( 1995 ) , the International Dublin Literary Award ( 1998 ) and the Franz Werfel Human Rights Award ( 2009 ) . On 8 October 2009 , the Swedish Academy announced that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature , describing her as a woman `` who , with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose , depicts the landscape of the dispossessed '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1686d6f28d1e6b56d4f902d0718bcb15",
"text": "Filmverlag der Autoren Filmverlag der Autoren is a German film distributor that was founded in 1971 to help finance and distribute independent films by German Autorenfilm directors , that is directors who are renowned for predominantly adapting their own screenplays . Many directors of the New German Cinema movement were associated with it such as Werner Herzog , Rainer Werner Fassbinder , Wim Wenders , and Alexander Kluge ; whose films were produced and distributed by the Filmverlag and many of whom were members of the Filmverlag 's board .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c6f95beccbedfd07b9a1a7284e450026",
"text": "Literature of East Germany East German literature is the literature produced in East Germany from the time of the Soviet occupation in 1945 until the end of the communist government in 1990 . The literature of this period was heavily influenced by the concepts of socialist realism and controlled by the communist government . As a result , the literature of the German Democratic Republic ( East Germany ) was for decades dismissed as nothing more than `` Boy meet Tractor literature '' , but its study is now considered a legitimate field . Because of its language , the literature is more accessible to western scholars and is considered to be one of the most reliable , if not the most reliable , sources about East Germany .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
6df248f852cc99de1a4467b782fe94e6 | Greenwich is centred 5.5 miles from Charing Cross. | [
{
"docid": "b2212408e8e0ad47efc21d106cc2c9a1",
"text": "Greenwich Greenwich ( -LSB- ˈɡrɛnɪtʃ -RSB- , -LSB- ˈɡrɪnɪdʒ -RSB- , -LSB- ˈɡrɪnɪtʃ -RSB- or -LSB- ˈɡrɛnɪdʒ -RSB- ) is an early-established district of south east London , England , centred 5.5 miles ( 8.9 km ) east south-east of Charing Cross . The town lends its name to the Royal Borough of Greenwich . The town gives its name to one of the five boroughs of the London Docklands , and is connected to areas with docks of London historically by river and today to Canary Wharf and other districts by the Docklands Light Railway . Greenwich is notable for its maritime history and for giving its name to the Greenwich Meridian ( 0 ° longitude ) and Greenwich Mean Time . The town became the site of a royal palace , the Palace of Placentia from the 15th century , and was the birthplace of many Tudors , including Henry VIII and Elizabeth I . The palace fell into disrepair during the English Civil War and was rebuilt as the Royal Naval Hospital for Sailors by Sir Christopher Wren and his assistant Nicholas Hawksmoor . These buildings became the Royal Naval College in 1873 , and they remained an establishment for military education until 1998 when they passed into the hands of the Greenwich Foundation . The historic rooms within these buildings remain open to the public ; other buildings are used by University of Greenwich and Trinity Laban Conservatoire of Music and Dance . The town became a popular resort in the 18th century and many grand houses were built there , such as Vanbrugh Castle ( 1717 ) established on Maze Hill , next to the park . From the Georgian period estates of houses were constructed above the town centre . The maritime connections of Greenwich were celebrated in the 20th century , with the siting of the Cutty Sark and Gipsy Moth IV next to the river front , and the National Maritime Museum in the former buildings of the Royal Hospital School in 1934 . Greenwich formed part of Kent until 1889 when the County of London was created .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "d123d80979cfbed84eebdd911fd1e12e",
"text": "High Street High Street ( or the High Street , also High Road ) is a metonym for the concept ( and frequently the street name ) of the primary business street of towns or cities , especially in the United Kingdom and Commonwealth of Nations . To distinguish it from `` centres '' of nearby places it is frequently preceded unofficially by the name of its settlement . In a town it implies the focal point for business , especially shops and street stalls ( if any ) in town and city centres . As a generic shorthand presupposed upon linear settlements it may be used to denote more precise concepts such as the urban retail sector , town centre sectors of employment , all small shops and services outlets and even wider concepts taking in social concepts . The equivalent in the United States and some parts of Canada , as well as some Northern English and many Scottish towns , is Main Street . The smallest High Street in Britain is located in a small market town in Devon called Holsworthy . The street itself is no more than 100 yd long and there are only three shops located on Holsworthy 's High Street . High Street is the most common street name in the UK , which according to a 2009 statistical compilation has 5,410 High Streets , 3,811 Station Roads and 2,702 Main Streets .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2e7ac63165cbb3dfa6a2ed3b104bc27c",
"text": "Horn Park Horn Park is an area of south east London south west of Eltham . It is located 12.5 km southeast of Charing Cross on the southwest edge of the Royal Borough of Greenwich and borders both the London Borough of Lewisham and the London Borough of Bromley . There is a public park also named Horn Park and two schools in the area . The River Quaggy flows northward though Horn Park , and the suburb is covered by the postcode district , which was previously called the Lee postal district . There is community centre located in Horn Park Estate on Sibthorpe Road , that hosts a number of activities , such as Christian , council and MP meetings , and numerous classes including dance , karate and English .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1730187c937d752920c12999abeff173",
"text": "Ruxley Ruxley is a small settlement in southeast London , England , with no present formal boundaries . It is located 21 km southeast by east of Charing Cross , in the northeast corner of the London Borough of Bromley on the borough boundary with the southeast corner of the London Borough of Bexley , and is also adjacent to the Greater London border with Kent , overlapping into the Sevenoaks District and Borough of Dartford in Kent . Ruxley lies east of Sidcup and west of Swanley , on green belt land , where two main roads pass through east-west connecting London to the coast . Ruxley was a parish prior to 1557 and had its own thirteenth century church , St Botolph 's . Ruxley 's central location on the main road made it an important meeting place for the Hundred of Ruxley , which was named after it . Today still a major transport route , Ruxley 's location on green belt land is on the edge of London 's urban sprawl , industrial and residential areas are found on the west side , but to the east this quickly turns into more rural woodland and farmland . Ruxley Gravel Pits is a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest located on the west side of Ruxley . The area today is known for Ruxley Manor , a large site with a garden centre and other retailers and services .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b006aa7847c290b7eb008ba645d4a998",
"text": "Hampton Court Park Hampton Court Park , adjacent to Hampton Court Palace and Gardens in South London , England , is a royal park managed by the Historic Royal Palaces . In 2014 , part of it was designated a biological Site of Special Scientific Interest together with Bushy Park and Hampton Court Golf Course . It is a walled deer park of around 700 acre , with a herd of fallow deer , and has been open to the public since 1894 . The A308 road and the River Thames form its boundaries . North of the A308 is Bushy Park . The Royal Mews still graze some of their horses on the park in the summer . The Long Water runs roughly eastward from the back of Hampton Court Palace and at the eastern end is the Golden Jubilee Fountain .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8b1f34a6f48cf2586d8c797a5b29e4cd",
"text": "London Borough of Ealing The London Borough of Ealing -LSB- ˈiːlɪŋ -RSB- is a London Borough in west London , England , and forms part of Outer London . It is the 3rd largest London Borough in population , and 11th largest in size , covering part of west London and a small part of north west London . Its administrative centre is Ealing Broadway . Other major centres include Acton , Greenford and Southall . The local authority is Ealing London Borough Council .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dbd61f90dc768e737f6cbd51ce0d9bc2",
"text": "Wandsworth Wandsworth -LSB- ˈwɒnzwərθ -RSB- is a district of southwest London within the London Borough of Wandsworth . It is situated 4.6 mi southwest of Charing Cross . The area is identified in the London Plan as one of 35 major centres in Greater London .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "017d4528849ee78476d6188f4a833ede",
"text": "London Borough of Croydon The London Borough of Croydon is a London borough in south London , England and is part of Outer London . It covers an area of 87 km2 and is the largest London borough by population . It is the southernmost borough of London . At its centre is the historic town of Croydon from which the borough takes its name . Croydon is mentioned in Domesday Book , and from a small market town has expanded into one of the most populous areas on the fringe of London . Croydon is the civic centre of the borough . The borough is now one of London 's leading business , financial and cultural centres , and its influence in entertainment and the arts contribute to its status as a major metropolitan centre . Formed in 1965 from the Coulsdon and Purley Urban District and the County Borough of Croydon , the local authority Croydon London Borough Council , is now part of the local government association for Greater London , London Councils . The economic strength of Croydon dates back mainly to Croydon Airport which was a major factor in the development of Croydon as a business centre . Once London 's main airport for all international flights to and from the capital , it was closed on 30 September 1959 due to the lack of expansion space needed for an airport to serve the growing city . It is now a Grade II listed building and tourist attraction . Croydon Council and its predecessor Croydon Corporation unsuccessfully applied for city status in 1954 , 2000 , 2002 and 2012 . The area is currently going through a large regeneration project called Croydon Vision 2020 which is predicted to attract more businesses and tourists to the area as well as backing Croydon 's bid to become London 's Third City ( after ` The City ' and Westminster ) . Croydon is mostly urban , though there are large suburban and rural uplands in the south . Since 2003 Croydon has been certified as a Fairtrade borough by the Fairtrade Foundation . It was the first London Borough to have Fairtrade status which is awarded on certain criteria . The area is one of the hearts of culture in London and the South East of England . Institutions such as the major arts and entertainment centre Fairfield Halls add to the vibrancy of the borough . However , its famous fringe theatre `` the Warehouse Theatre '' was put under administration in 2012 when the council withdrew its funding and the building itself was demolished in 2013 . The Croydon Clocktower was opened by Queen Elizabeth II in 1994 as an arts venue featuring a library , the independent David Lean Cinema ( closed by the council in 2011 after 16 years of operating , but now partially reopened on a part-time and volunteers basis ) and museum . From 2000 to 2010 , Croydon staged an annual summer festival celebrating the area 's black and Indian cultural diversity , with audiences reaching over 50,000 people . An internet radio station , Croydon Radio , is run by local people for the area . The borough is also home to its own local TV station , Croydon TV . Premier League football club Crystal Palace F.C. play at Selhurst Park in South Norwood , a stadium they have been based in since 1924 . Other landmarks in the borough include Addington Palace , an 18th-century mansion which became the official second residence of six archbishops , Shirley Windmill , one of the few surviving large windmills in Greater London built in the 1850s , and the BRIT School , a creative arts institute run by the BRIT Trust which has produced artists such as Adele , Amy Winehouse and Leona Lewis .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "70e38c247af90cc27f22849d86c77828",
"text": "Geography of London London is the largest urban area and capital city of the United Kingdom , located in southeastern Great Britain . The London region covers an area of 1579 km2 , and had a population of 7,172,036 in 2001 and a population density of 4,542 people per square kilometre . A larger area , referred to as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration covers an area of 8382 km2 , and had a population of 12,653,500 and a population density of 1,510 people per square kilometre . London is a port on the Thames ( see main article Port of London ) , a navigable river . The river has had a major influence on the development of the city . London began on the Thames ' north bank and for a long time the main focus of the city remained on the north side of the Thames . For many centuries London Bridge was the only bridge in or close to the city . When more bridges were built in the 18th century , the city expanded in all directions as the mostly flat or gently rolling countryside presented no obstacle to growth .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "65a0c26a7ec76836cd1ce00c82dd24ad",
"text": "Croydon Croydon is a large town in south London , England , 9.5 mi south of Charing Cross . The principal settlement in the London Borough of Croydon , it is one of the largest commercial districts outside Central London , with an extensive shopping district and night-time economy . Its population of 52,104 at the 2011 census includes the wards of Addiscombe , Broad Green and Fairfield . Historically part of the hundred of Wallington in the county of Surrey , at the time of the Norman conquest of England Croydon had a church , a mill , and around 365 inhabitants , as recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 . Croydon expanded in the Middle Ages as a market town and a centre for charcoal production , leather tanning and brewing . The Surrey Iron Railway from Croydon to Wandsworth opened in 1803 and was the world 's first public railway . Later nineteenth century railway building facilitated Croydon 's growth as a commuter town for London . By the early 20th century , Croydon was an important industrial area , known for car manufacture , metal working and Croydon Airport . In the mid 20th century these sectors were replaced by retailing and the service economy , brought about by massive redevelopment which saw the rise of office blocks and the Whitgift Centre , the largest shopping centre in London until 2008 . Croydon was amalgamated into Greater London in 1965 . Croydon lies on a transport corridor between central London and the south coast of England , to the north of two gaps in the North Downs , one followed by the A23 Brighton Road through Purley and Merstham and the main railway line and the other by the A22 from Purley to the M25 Godstone interchange . Road traffic is diverted away from a largely pedestrianised town centre , mostly consisting of the North End . East Croydon is a major hub of the national railway transport system , with frequent fast services to central London , Brighton and the south coast . The town is unique in Greater London for its Tramlink light rail transport system .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8143f1ab758320b4a9f63ba7aa18b791",
"text": "Barking Barking is a suburban town in England , and forms part of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham . It is 8.8 mi east of Charing Cross and is one of 35 major centres identified in the London Plan . It was historically a fishing and agrarian settlement in the county of Essex and formed an ancient parish . Its economic history is characterised by a shift to market gardening , and industrial development to the south adjacent to the River Thames . The railway station opened in 1854 and has been served by the London Underground since 1908 . As part of the suburban growth of London in the 20th century , Barking significantly expanded and increased in population , primarily due to the development of the London County Council estate at Becontree in the 1920s , and it became a municipal borough in 1931 , and part of Greater London in 1965 . In addition to an extensive and fairly low-density residential area , the town centre forms a large retail and commercial district , currently a focus for regeneration . The former industrial lands to the south are being redeveloped as Barking Riverside .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "34a8356d10b803a548a626a062150dce",
"text": "Woolwich Common Woolwich Common is a common in Woolwich in southeast London , England . It is partly used as military land ( less than 40 % ) and partly as an urban park . Woolwich Common is a conservation area . It is part of the South East London Green Chain . It is also the name of a street on the east side of the common , as well as an electoral ward of the Royal Borough of Greenwich . The population of the ward at the 2011 Census was 17,499 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6718fc743993adf56fad4035c184c4f5",
"text": "Centre points of the United Kingdom There has long been debate over the exact location of the geographical centre of the United Kingdom , and its constituent countries , due to the complexity and method of the calculation , such as whether to include offshore islands , and the fact that erosion will cause the position to change over time . There are two main methods of calculating this `` centre '' : either as the centroid of the two-dimensional shape made by the country ( projected to the Airy ellipsoid then flattened using the Transverse Mercator projection ) , or as the point farthest from the boundary of the country ( either the sea , or , in the case of constituent countries , a land border ) . These two methods give quite different answers .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "732bd731c698a975d3c1beb6b2bb7e17",
"text": "Crown Estate The Crown Estate is a collection of lands and holdings in the United Kingdom belonging to the British monarch as a corporation sole , making it the `` Sovereign 's public estate '' , which is neither government property nor part of the monarch 's private estate . As a result of this arrangement , the sovereign is not involved with the management or administration of the estate , exercising only very limited control of its affairs . Instead , the estate 's extensive portfolio is overseen by a semi-independent , incorporated public body headed by the Crown Estate Commissioners , who exercise `` the powers of ownership '' of the estate , although they are not `` owners in their own right '' . The revenues from these hereditary possessions have been placed by the monarch at the disposition of Her Majesty 's Government and thus proceed directly to Her Majesty 's Treasury for the benefit of the British nation . The Crown Estate is formally accountable to the Parliament of the United Kingdom , where it is legally mandated to make an annual report to the sovereign , a copy of which is forwarded to the House of Commons . The Crown Estate is one of the largest property managers in the United Kingdom , overseeing property worth # 12 billion , with urban properties valued at # 9.1 billion representing the majority of the estate by value . These include a large number of properties in central London , but the estate also controls 792000 ha of agricultural land and forest , more than half of the UK 's foreshore , and retains various other traditional holdings and rights , including Ascot Racecourse and Windsor Great Park . Naturally occurring gold and silver in the UK , collectively known as `` Mines Royal '' , are managed by The Crown Estate and leased to mining operators . Historically , Crown Estate properties were administered by the reigning monarch to help fund the business of governing the country . However , in 1760 , George III surrendered control over the Estate 's revenues to the treasury , thus relieving him of the responsibility of personally paying for the costs of the civil service , defence costs , the national debt , and his own personal debts . In return , he received an annual grant known as the Civil list . By tradition , each subsequent monarch agreed to this arrangement upon his or her accession . However , from 1 April 2012 , under the terms of the Sovereign Grant Act 2011 ( SSG ) , the Civil List was abolished and the monarch was thenceforth provided with a stable source of revenue indexed to a percentage of the Crown Estate 's annual net revenue ( currently set at 15 % ) . This was intended to provide a long-term solution and remove the politically sensitive issue of Parliament having to debate the Civil List allowance every ten years . Subsequently , the Sovereign Grant Act allows for all future monarchs to simply extend these provisions for their reigns by Order in Council . The act does not imply any legal change on the nature of the estate 's ownership , but is simply a benchmark by which the sovereign grant is set as a grant by Parliament .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "77181021f483343d9b25859b50b232eb",
"text": "Welling Welling is a town in the London Borough of Bexley approximately 10.5 miles ( 16.9 km ) east-southeast of Charing Cross , the traditional centre of London . Welling also lies within the historic county of Kent .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a466f7770e86dd2f47f318afca82d558",
"text": "Greenwich Dance Greenwich Dance is a dance hub based in Greenwich , London . Founded in 1993 , Greenwich Dance operates from The Borough Hall , the former town hall of the Royal Borough of Greenwich . Greenwich Dance is a registered charity , and receives regular funding from Arts Council England and Royal Borough of Greenwich .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "22571f098c619d2158a479c446815ec3",
"text": "Leadenhall Street __ NOTOC __ Leadenhall Street ( -LSB- ˈlɛdənˌhɔːl -RSB- ) is a road in London that is about 0.3 miles ( 500 m ) long and links Cornhill and Bishopsgate in the west to St. Botolph Street and Aldgate in the east . It is situated in the City of London , which is the historic nucleus of modern London as well its primary financial district . It was formerly the start of the A11 road from London to Norwich , but that route now originates on Aldgate High Street , just east of Leadenhall Street . The Aldgate Pump is located at the east end of the street . During much of the 18th and 19th centuries its name was synonymous with the East India Company , which had its headquarters there . Today it is perhaps most widely associated with the insurance industry and particularly the Lloyd 's insurance market , whose 1928-1958 building fronted onto the street , and whose current building since 1986 also has an entrance on Leadenhall Street . The nearest London Underground station is Aldgate ( Circle and Metropolitan lines ) , and the closest mainline railway station is Fenchurch Street .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e8e492e8c6e670cfd25f848ab4bcaef4",
"text": "Greenwich Millennium Village Greenwich Millennium Village ( GMV ) is a mixed-tenure modern development on an urban village model located on the Greenwich Peninsula in Greenwich in south-east London , and part of the Millennium Communities Programme under English Partnerships ( now renamed Homes and Communities Agency ) . The village is designed by architects Ralph Erskine and partners with EPR Architects Ltd as executive architect as part of the regeneration of the whole brownfield site of East Greenwich Gas Works . GMV is south of the former Millennium Dome , now renamed the O2 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6e8ac5aa966816ab1752df25a3b053d9",
"text": "Ealing Ealing ( -LSB- ˈiːlɪŋ -RSB- ) is a district of west London , England , located 7.9 mi west of Charing Cross . It is the administrative centre of the London Borough of Ealing , and identified as a major metropolitan centre in the London Plan . Ealing was historically a rural village in the county of Middlesex and formed an ancient parish . Improvement in communications with London , culminating with the opening of the railway station in 1838 , shifted the local economy to market garden supply and eventually to suburban development . As part of the growth of London in the 20th century , Ealing significantly expanded and increased in population , becoming a municipal borough in 1901 and has formed part of Greater London since 1965 . It now forms a significant commercial and retail centre with a developed night time economy . Ealing has the characteristics of both suburban and inner-city developments . Ealing 's town centre is often colloquial with Ealing Broadway , the name of both a rail interchange & a shopping centre . Most of Ealing , including the commercial district , South Ealing , Ealing Common , Montpelier , Pitshanger and most of Hanger Hill fall under the W5 postcode . Areas to the north-west of the town centre such as Argyle Road and West Ealing fall under W13 instead . A small section north-east of the town centre , near Hanger Hill , falls under the NW10 postcode area . The population of Ealing ( not including Hanwell and Northfields ) , comprising the Ealing Broadway , Ealing Common , Cleveland , Walpole and Hanger Hill wards , was 71,492 in the 2011 census . The area of Hanwell is strongly associated with Ealing ; however , it is a separate district with its own postcode . Northfields on the other hand , despite sharing postcodes with Ealing is generally considered to be a separate area in its own right .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f297542104d3e99248d4b87e5ce185f3",
"text": "Royston, Hertfordshire Royston is a town and civil parish in the District of North Hertfordshire and county of Hertfordshire in England . It is situated on the Greenwich Meridian , which brushes the town 's eastern boundary , and at the northernmost apex of the county on the same latitude as towns such as Milton Keynes and Ipswich . It is located 43 mi north of central London in a rural area . Before the boundary changes of the 1890s , the boundary between Hertfordshire and Cambridgeshire ran east -- west through the centre of town along the middle of Melbourn Street . The town has a population of 15,781 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "735b74b62473a796b3c8cc1deea6d8a5",
"text": "95th meridian east The meridian 95 ° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean , Asia , the Indian Ocean , the Southern Ocean , and Antarctica to the South Pole . The 95th meridian east forms a great circle with the 85th meridian west .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
8b02bea132f56f0e662ff39028f89194 | California contains the Central Valley. | [
{
"docid": "48e16948f8771ea3f1a7f980990d28ee",
"text": "Central Valley (California) The Central Valley is a large , flat valley that dominates the geographical center of the U.S. state of California . It is 40 to wide and stretches approximately 450 mi from north-northwest to south-southeast , inland from and parallel to the Pacific Ocean coast . It covers approximately 18000 mi2 , about 11 % of California 's total land area ( or about the size of Denmark ) . Bounded by the Sierra Nevada to the east and the Coast Ranges to the west , it is California 's single most productive agricultural region and one of the most productive in the world , providing more than half of the fruits , vegetables and nuts grown in the United States . More than 7 million acres ( 28,000 km2 ) of the valley are irrigated via an extensive system of reservoirs and canals . The valley also has many major cities , including the state capital Sacramento ; as well as Redding , Stockton , Modesto , Fresno and Bakersfield . The Central Valley watershed comprises 60000 mi2 , or over a third of California . Its three main drainage systems are the Sacramento Valley in the north , which receives well over 20 in of rain annually ; the drier San Joaquin Valley in the south , and the Tulare Basin and its semi-arid desert climate at the southernmost end . The Sacramento and San Joaquin river systems drain their respective valleys and meet to form the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta , a large expanse of interconnected canals , stream beds , sloughs , marshes and peat islands . The delta empties into the San Francisco Bay , and then ultimately flows into the Pacific . The waters of the Tulare Basin essentially never flow to the ocean ( with the exception of Kings River waters diverted northward for irrigation ) , though they are connected by man-made canals to the San Joaquin and could drain there again naturally if they were ever to rise high enough . The valley encompasses all or parts of 18 Northern California counties : Butte , Colusa , Glenn , El Dorado , Fresno , Kings , Madera , Merced , Placer , San Joaquin , Sacramento , Shasta , Stanislaus , Sutter , Tehama , Tulare , Yuba , Yolo , and the Southern California county of Kern .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f80dde670fb64e65a6dfda24fa68f778",
"text": "California California ( -LSB- kælᵻˈfɔːrnjə , _ - ni.ə -RSB- , ) is the most populous state in the United States and the third most extensive by area . Located on the western ( Pacific Ocean ) coast of the U.S. , California is bordered by the other U.S. states of Oregon , Nevada , and Arizona and shares an international border with the Mexican state of Baja California . The state capital is Sacramento . Los Angeles is California 's most populous city , and the country 's second largest after New York City . The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation 's second - and fifth-most populous urban regions , respectively . California also has the nation 's most populous county , Los Angeles County , and its largest county by area , San Bernardino County . California 's diverse geography ranges from the Pacific Coast in the west to the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the east ; and from the redwood -- Douglas fir forests in the northwest to the Mojave Desert in the southeast . The Central Valley , a major agricultural area , dominates the state 's center . Though California is well-known for its warm Mediterranean climate , the large size of the state means it can vary from moist temperate rainforest in the north , to arid desert in the interior , as well as snowy alpine in the mountains . What is now California was first settled by various Native American tribes before being explored by a number of European expeditions during the 16th and 17th centuries . The Spanish Empire then claimed it as part of Alta California in their New Spain colony . The area became a part of Mexico in 1821 following its successful war for independence , but was ceded to the United States in 1848 after the Mexican -- American War . The western portion of Alta California then was organized as the State of California , and admitted as the 31st state on September 9 , 1850 . The California Gold Rush starting in 1848 led to dramatic social and demographic changes , with large-scale emigration from the east and abroad with an accompanying economic boom . If it were a country , California would be the 6th largest economy in the world and the 35th most populous . It is also regarded as a global trendsetter in both popular culture and politics , and is the origin of the film industry , the hippie counterculture , the Internet , and the personal computer , among others . Fifty-eight percent of the state 's economy is centered on finance , government , real estate services , technology , and professional , scientific and technical business services . The San Francisco Bay Area has the nation 's highest median household income by metropolitan area , and is the headquarters of three of the world 's largest 40 firms by revenue , Chevron , Apple , and McKesson . Although it accounts for only 1.5 percent of the state 's economy , California 's agriculture industry has the highest output of any U.S. state .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "8cb5ff32bd7c4c14c0ed46b474f9b1c5",
"text": "Butte County, California Butte County is a county in the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 220,000 . The county seat is Oroville . Butte County comprises the Chico , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area . It is in the California Central Valley , north of the state capital of Sacramento . Butte County is known as the `` Land of Natural Wealth and Beauty . '' Butte County is watered by the Feather River and the Sacramento River . Butte Creek and Big Chico Creek are additional perennial streams , both tributary to the Sacramento . The county is the home of California State University , Chico and of Butte College . There are four major hospitals and the State of California defines Butte County as being inside Health Service Area 1 . A special district , the Butte County Air Quality Management District , regulates airborne pollutant emissions in the county . It does this following regional regulations , state , and federal laws . For example , in recent years , the agency changed rules that once allowed residents to burn household trash outdoors .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "175949cf72f405ec8175018f1ddbdb5e",
"text": "Vasona Park Vasona Lake County Park is a park located in Los Gatos , California and part of the Santa Clara County Parks system . Adjacent Oak Meadow Park is owned by the Town of Los Gatos . Vasona Park surrounds Vasona Reservoir , which , like Lexington Reservoir in Los Gatos ' southern edge , was formed by damming Los Gatos Creek . The reservoir is host to non-power recreational boating , and a marina on site has pedal boats for public rental in addition to docks and storage for small private sailing craft . Other popular water sports in the reservoir include kayaking and standup paddleboarding . The park is also home to the Youth Science Institute , several picnic pavilions , and several hiking/biking trails . The popular Los Gatos Creek Trail , which runs from Lexington Dam to just short of downtown San Jose , passes through the park . It is one of the most popular parks in the south bay . The land within the park 's boundaries is among the most historic in Los Gatos . The grantees of the `` Rancho Rinconada de Los Gatos '' , Jose Hernandez and Sebastian Peralta , constructed an adobe house on what is now one of the park 's lawns . It was the first structure built in the area . The narrow gauge South Pacific Coast Railroad once traversed the western edge of the park en route to downtown and over the Santa Cruz Mountains to Felton and Monterey Bay at Santa Cruz Wharf . The Southern Pacific Railroad later acquired the South Pacific Coast Railroad and converted the line to standard gauge after the turn of the century . A farmer near Pollard Road , Albert August Vollmer , contacted the Southern Pacific asking for a flag stop to be established to allow a more convenient place to board the train . The railroad not only agreed , but allowed him to name the stop . He chose the name `` Vasona '' , which was the name of his favorite pony during his childhood . `` Vasona Junction '' was the point on the line where the tracks split off from the San Jose-Campbell-Los Gatos mainline with the Vasona Branch through the Cupertino Hills to Palo Alto , allowing more direct travel to San Francisco . The name `` Vasona '' has reappeared locally ever since , including in the naming of the park . The dam was completed in 1934 , and the railroad continued to run along the Western side of the reservoir until 1959 . The railroad right-of-way over the reservoir is now University Avenue . After the death of Southern Pacific engineer Billy Jones in 1968 , a volunteer-led movement secured part of the park 's southern end for the reconstructed , gauge Billy Jones Wildcat Railroad , a miniature railway which Jones ran around his prune orchard on Winchester Boulevard and Daves Avenue . The depot and engine house , concessions and souvenir stand , and W.E. `` Bill '' Mason Carousel are all in Oak Meadow Park , a short walk from adjacent Vasona Park . The railroad operates weekends year-round as well as daily during school summer vacations . Steam locomotive No. 2 , 100 years old in 2005 , was once again made operable after being reboilered over the course of about a decade . The carousel building also houses a custom built band organ that plays from Wurlitzer 150 rolls . The organ was extensively rebuilt and upgraded to include a MIDI interface in 2012 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6864c93ae80d9f7e14226079c79d0c1b",
"text": "College of the Sequoias The College of the Sequoias is a college located in central California , United States . It should not be confused with the similarly named College of the Redwoods in the northern California city of Eureka or College of the Siskiyous in Weed , California . College of the Sequoias ( COS ) is a public two-year community college in Visalia which is in Tulare County and California 's San Joaquin Valley . The college is named for the Giant Sequoia trees native to the nearby Sierra Nevada mountain range .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "15e097e7a3ad43e94cb7013270d64d0a",
"text": "High Desert (Oregon) The Oregon high desert is a region of the U.S. state of Oregon , located east of the Cascade Range and south of the Blue Mountains , in the central and eastern parts of the state . Divided into a southern region and a northern region , the desert covers most of five Oregon counties and averages 4000 ft above sea level . The southwest region is part of the Great Basin and the southeast is the lower Owyhee River watershed . The northern region is part of the Columbia Plateau , where somewhat more rainfall allows the largest industry on private land to be the cultivation of alfalfa and hay . Public land within the region is owned primarily by the Bureau of Land Management ( BLM ) , which manages more than 30000 mi2 , including five rivers designated as Wild and Scenic . While the high desert is somewhat dry , it is only arid relative to Western Oregon . The region averages 15 in of annual rainfall ; the Alvord Desert , however , gets only 7 in of rain each year . Contrary to its name , most of the high desert is not dry enough to truly qualify as desert , and biologically , most of the region is classified as scrubland or steppe . At 9733 ft above sea level , the summit of Steens Mountain is the highest point in the high desert . The broad fault-block mountain is characteristic of the basin and range plate tectonics of the high desert . About 16 million years ago , during the early Miocene epoch , lava flows from volcanic eruptions covered about half the surface area of Oregon . The Earth 's crust then began stretching , giving way to further volcanic activity from 15 million to 2 million years ago . Several ice ages over this time formed the large lakes in the high desert . The climate of the high desert provides habitat for mammals such as pronghorn , coyote , mule deer , black-tailed jackrabbit , and cougar . Birds common in the region include sage grouse , California quail , and prairie falcon . The western juniper is the most common tree in the region , and big sagebrush and common woolly sunflower are the region 's most widespread plants .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "13b69f94699011a3610486441bf2b347",
"text": "Antelope Valley (disambiguation) Antelope Valley may refer to : California Antelope Valley ( Kern County ) , a region in western Kern County Antelope Valley , a region in northern Los Angeles County Antelope Valley California Poppy Reserve Antelope Valley Community College District Antelope Valley College Antelope Valley College District Police Antelope Valley High School Antelope Valley Hospital Medical Center Antelope Valley Indian Museum State Historic Park Antelope Valley Line Antelope Valley Mall Antelope Valley Press Antelope Valley Project Antelope Valley Transit Authority Antelope Valley Union High School District California-Nevada Antelope Valley ( California-Nevada ) , a valley extending from Mono County , California into Douglas County , Nevada Nevada Antelope Valley ( Elko-White Pine Counties ) Antelope Valley ( Eureka County ) Antelope Valley ( Lander County ) Oregon Antelope Valley ( Wasco County ) Utah Antelope Valley ( southeast Millard County , Utah ) Antelope Valley ( southwest Millard County , Utah ) Antelope Valley ( Sanpete County , Utah ) , located within the southern end of the San Pitch Mountains Antelope Valley ( Wayne and Emery counties , Utah ) , located on the southeast edge of the San Rafael Desert Wyoming Antelope Valley-Crestview , Wyoming , a census-designated place",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0d8968418c8cdb25a0128067ab281f0b",
"text": "Capay Valley Capay Valley is a mostly rural valley northwest of Sacramento in Yolo County , California , United States . It lies west of the Capay Hills .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a298383fbbafbb83ca643f87caadf8ab",
"text": "Arizona Sun Corridor The Arizona Sun Corridor , shortened Sun Corridor , is a megaregion , or megapolitan area , in the southern area of the U.S. state of Arizona . The Sun Corridor is equivalent to Indiana in both size and population . It is one of the fastest growing conurbations in the country and is speculated to double its population by 2040 . The largest metropolitan areas are the Phoenix metropolitan area - Valley of the Sun - and the Tucson metropolitan area . The regions ' populace is nestled in the valley of a desert environment . Similar to Southern California , the urban area extends into Mexico , reaching the communities of Nogales and Agua Prieta . Its population is composed of a total of five metropolitan areas : Phoenix , Tucson , Prescott , Sierra Vista-Douglas and Nogales . Out of these , two are metropolitan areas with over 1,000,000 residents : the Phoenix metropolitan area with 4,192,887 residents and the Tucson metropolitan area with 1,020,200 residents . The Arizona Sun Corridor is made up of all of Maricopa , Pinal and Pima counties , along with parts of Yavapai , Santa Cruz and Cochise counties . It is home to over 86 percent of Arizona 's population . The Megaregion has an area a population that is about the same as the state of Indiana ( About 5.6 million people ) , and it is expected to grow to nearly 7.8 million by 2025 . By 2050 , it is projected to grow to more than twice its original size ( 12.3 million , about 118 % growth and 6.66 million additional people ) . It comprises about 2 % of the population of the entire United States , and it makes up about the same proportion of the total GDP , with an output of $ 191,036,000,000 in 2005 . Most of the Arizona Sun Corridor is in the Sonoran Desert ; to the south of the region is the border between the United States and Mexico , and to the east is the Arizona transition zone and the Mountains of Arizona . The Southern California Megaregion is to west and is the nearest other Megaregion to the Arizona Sun Corridor .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c2e88759643378b2506580697e55a3d3",
"text": "California statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) , the micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) , and the combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) . Most recently on December 1 , 2009 , the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States , including 4 combined statistical area , 26 metropolitan statistical areas , and 9 micropolitan statistical areas in the State of California . The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas and the 58 counties of California .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4ab72c0bf0f26915c846a90858c011ed",
"text": "San Bernardino County, California San Bernardino County , officially the County of San Bernardino , is a county located in the southern portion of the U.S. state of California . As of the 2010 census , the population was 2,035,210 , making it the fifth-most populous county in California , and the 12th-most populous in the United States . The county seat is San Bernardino . San Bernardino County is included in the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario , CA Metropolitan Statistical Area , also known as the Inland Empire , as well as the Los Angeles-Long Beach , CA Combined Statistical Area . With an area of 20,105 square miles , San Bernardino County is the largest county in the United States by area , although some of Alaska 's boroughs and census areas are larger . It is larger than each of the nine smallest states , larger than the four smallest states combined , and larger than 70 different sovereign nations . Located in southeast California , the thinly populated deserts and mountains of this vast county stretch from where the bulk of the county population resides in two Census County Divisions , some 1,422,745 people as of the 2010 Census , covering the 450 square miles ( 1,166 km2 ) south of the San Bernardino Mountains in San Bernardino Valley , to the Nevada border and the Colorado River .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5e4172500239294517155d710dfc443c",
"text": "California Valley (Inyo County) California Valley is a valley in Inyo County , California . It has an elevation of 2582 feet . It lies between the Nopah Range ( to the west and north ) and the Kingston Range ( to the east and south ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e42574efb9965422e88e8721ff124a69",
"text": "U.S. Route 6 in California U.S. Route 6 , or US 6 , is a transcontinental highway from the U.S. state of California to Massachusetts . In California , the highway lies in the eastern portion of the state from Bishop in the Owens Valley north to the Nevada state line in Esmeralda County . Prior to a 1964 Highway renumbering project US 6 extended to the Pacific Ocean in Long Beach , California , as part of the historic auto trail named the Grand Army of the Republic Highway .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ee24f55f6ec1cf33120ebdd7c5a2face",
"text": "Imperial Fault Zone The Imperial Fault Zone is a system of geological faults located in Imperial County in the Southern California region , along the border of the United States and Mexico .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "57bb7eade5ef34024138735a4af336f2",
"text": "1979 Imperial Valley earthquake The 1979 Imperial Valley earthquake occurred at 16:16 Pacific Daylight Time ( 23:16 UTC ) on October 15 just south of the Mexico -- United States border . It affected Imperial Valley in Southern California and Mexicali Valley in northern Baja California . The earthquake had a relatively shallow hypocenter and caused property damage in the United States estimated at $ 30 million USD . The irrigation systems in the Imperial Valley were badly affected , but no deaths occurred . It was the largest earthquake to occur in the contiguous United States since the 1971 San Fernando earthquake eight years earlier . The earthquake was 6.4 on the moment magnitude scale , with a maximum perceived intensity of IX ( Violent ) on the Mercalli intensity scale . However , most of the intensity measurements were consistent with an overall maximum intensity of VII ( Very strong ) , and only the damage to a single structure , the Imperial County Services building in El Centro , was judged to be of intensity IX . Several comprehensive studies on the total structural failure of this building were conducted with a focus on how the building responded to the earthquake 's vibration . It was one of the first heavily instrumented office buildings to be severely damaged by seismic forces . The Imperial Valley is surrounded by a number of interconnected fault systems and is vulnerable to both moderate and strong earthquakes as well as earthquake swarms . The area was equipped with an array of strong motion seismographs for analyzing the fault mechanisms of nearby earthquakes and seismic characteristics of the sediments in the valley . The earthquake was significant in the scientific community for studies of both fault mechanics and repeat events . Four of the region 's known strike-slip faults and one additional newly discovered normal fault all broke the surface during the earthquake .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cb974dc61549709b84b7834510ddf44e",
"text": "Napa County wine Napa County wine is wine made in Napa County , California , United States . County names in the United States automatically qualify as legal appellations of origin for wine produced from grapes grown in that county and do not require registration with the United States Department of the Treasury Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau . The vast majority of Napa County is covered by the boundaries of the world-famous Napa Valley AVA , an American Viticultural Area , and its various sub-appellations . The portion of the county that falls outside of the boundaries of the Napa Valley AVA is northeast of the Chiles Valley AVA , where few grapes are cultivated . Few wines are produced that carry a Napa County appellation of origin designation , as almost every wine produced from grapes grown in the county is eligible for release with the more commercially profitable Napa Valley AVA designation . The most common use of Napa County on a wine label is when a wine has been produced from grapes grown in two or more counties , such as Sonoma County and Napa County . In such a case , the wine label must indicate what percentage of grapes were sourced from each county .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "eaddcf6f98513557ea972ec6a37b5c3d",
"text": "Chinese enclaves in the San Gabriel Valley Chinese communities form a substantial portion of the population of the San Gabriel Valley . The region has achieved international prominence as a hub of overseas Chinese or hua qiao . Although Chinese immigrants were a noteworthy presence in the establishment of Southern California from the 19th century , significant Chinese migration to suburban San Gabriel Valley coincided with a trend of white out-migration from the 1970s onward . This opened an opportunity for well-educated and affluent Asian Americans to begin settling in the west San Gabriel Valley , primarily to Monterey Park . High property values and overcrowding in Monterey Park have contributed to a secondary movement away from that city , and the Chinese community is now spread over a cluster of cities in the west San Gabriel Valley . Suburban cities in the valley with large non-white populations , also called ethnoburbs , include Alhambra , Arcadia , Rosemead , San Marino , San Gabriel , South Pasadena , and Temple City and then eastward to Diamond Bar , Hacienda Heights , Rowland Heights , and Walnut . Numerous Mandarin - and Cantonese-speaking businesses have been established in these suburbs to accommodate the changing population .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6db6497e5968675419c51c292718129b",
"text": "Earthquake Valley Earthquake Valley is a desert valley east of Julian , California , which contains parts of the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park . It is the location of the Shelter Valley Ranchos subdivision , which is also known as the unincorporated community of Shelter Valley . The official USGS place name for the geologic feature in which Shelter Valley is situated is `` Earthquake Valley '' , and the 1959 USGS Topographic map makes no reference to Shelter Valley . The name of the unincorporated community Shelter Valley is typically used both locally and by the media to refer generally to the geological feature of Earthquake Valley , and it is common for both names to be referenced in publications after the 1962 establishment of the subdivision . Author , poet , artist and primitivist Marshal South lived in and wrote about the general area ( including Julian , Mason Valley , Vallicito Valley , and his home in Blair Valley ) , in a series of articles for Desert Magazine between 1941 and 1948 . A number of notable trails pass through the valley , including the Pacific Crest Trail , the California Riding and Hiking Trail , and the Southern Emigrant Trail .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9de46327bb0bebe18912c15403599c4e",
"text": "Martis Valley Martis Valley is a geographic area of 70 sqmi in the United States , extending northward from the North Shore of Lake Tahoe , California , to the west of the California-Nevada border . It is located in Placer and Nevada Counties and is bisected by Martis Creek which flows north to the Truckee River .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c6ade4f64610201fbe884c10ec7b2078",
"text": "Modesto, California Modesto -LSB- məˈdɛstoʊ -RSB- ( Spanish for `` modest '' ) , officially the City of Modesto , is the county seat and largest city of Stanislaus County , California , United States . With a population of approximately 201,165 at the 2010 census , it is the 18th largest city in the state of California and forms part of the Modesto-Merced combined Statistical Area . The Modesto Census County Division , which includes the cities of Ceres and Riverbank , had a population of 312,842 . Modesto is located in the Central Valley , 90 mi north of Fresno , 40 mi north of Merced , California , 92 mi east of San Francisco , 68 mi south of the state capital of Sacramento , 66 mi west of Yosemite National Park , and 24 mi south of Stockton . Modesto has been honored as a Tree City USA numerous times . It is surrounded by rich farmland ; Stanislaus County ranks sixth among California counties in farm production . Led by milk , almonds , chickens , walnuts , and corn silage , the county grossed nearly $ 3.1 billion in agricultural production in 2011 . The farm-to-table movement plays a central role in Modesto living as in the Central Valley . Filmmaker George Lucas , who was born in Modesto , graduated from Thomas Downey High School in 1962 and attended Modesto Junior College , immortalized the city in his award-winning 1973 film American Graffiti . Although it was not actually shot in Modesto , the film portrayed the spirit of cruising and friendship on Modesto 's 10th and 11th Streets in 1962 , and inspired a revival of interest in 1950s pop culture , including the TV show Happy Days and its spin-offs . The city 's annual Architectural Festival honors Modesto 's history as a testing ground for mid-century modern architecture during the 1940s and '50s . Modesto 's mid-century buildings have been featured four times in Museum of Modern Art publications . The Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index for 2011 , which interviews 1,000 participants about their jobs , finances , physical health , emotional state of mind and communities , ranked Modesto 126 out of the 190 cities surveyed . In December 2009 , Forbes ranked Modesto 48th out of 100 among `` Best Bang-for-the-Buck Cities '' . In this ranking , Modesto ranked 8th in housing affordability and travel time but also ranked 86th in job forecast growth and 99th in foreclosures . Modesto is the home of Gallo Family Winery , the largest privately owned winery in the world .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ae721438ef7a836716fe7844ee37539e",
"text": "California chaparral and woodlands The California chaparral and woodlands is a terrestrial ecoregion of lower northern , central , and southern California ( United States ) and northwestern Baja California ( Mexico ) , located on the west coast of North America . It is an ecoregion of the Mediterranean forests , woodlands , and scrub Biome , and part of the Nearctic ecozone .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d9ffbf09bddb5f2291f0d13f7a69f986",
"text": "Course of the Colorado River The Colorado River is a major river of the western United States and northwest Mexico in North America . Its headwaters are in the Rocky Mountains of north central Colorado . It flows southwest through the Colorado Plateau country of western Colorado , southeastern Utah and northwestern Arizona where it flows through the Grand Canyon . It turns south near Las Vegas , Nevada , forming the Arizona -- Nevada border in Lake Mead and the Arizona -- California border below Hoover Dam . Before entering Mexico in the Colorado Desert most of its waters are diverted into the Imperial Valley of Southern California . In Mexico its course forms the boundary between Sonora and Baja California before entering the Gulf of California . This article describes most of the major features along the river .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
9c57ad3dab847a0d61d100a17c6a120e | Dr. Dre was ranked by Forbes as the second-richest American hip-hop figure in 2014. | [
{
"docid": "be21f7611c1e7ef8e1b388431e59177e",
"text": "Dr. Dre Andre Romelle Young ( born February 18 , 1965 ) , better known by his stage name Dr. Dre , is an American rapper , record producer , and entrepreneur . He is the founder and current CEO of Aftermath Entertainment and Beats Electronics . Dre was previously the co-owner of , and an artist on , Death Row Records . He has produced albums for and overseen the careers of many rappers , including 2Pac , The D.O.C. , Snoop Dogg , Eminem , Xzibit , Knoc-turn ` al , 50 Cent , The Game and Kendrick Lamar . He is credited as a key figure in the popularization of West Coast G-funk , a style of rap music characterized as synthesizer-based with slow , heavy beats . In 2014 , Dr. Dre was ranked as the second richest figure in the American hip hop scene by Forbes with a net worth of $ 550 million ; he is at the top of the 2015 Forbes list , with an estimated pre-tax take of $ 620 million in 2014 . Dre began his career as a member of the World Class Wreckin ' Cru and later found fame with the influential gangsta rap group N.W.A with Eazy-E , Ice Cube , MC Ren , and DJ Yella , which popularized the use of explicit lyrics in rap to detail the violence of street life . His 1992 solo debut The Chronic , released under Death Row Records , led him to become one of the best-selling American performing artists of 1993 and to win a Grammy Award for the single `` Let Me Ride '' . That same year he produced Death Row labelmate Snoop Dogg 's quadruple platinum debut Doggystyle , and even molded artists into top-notch producers such as his step-brother Warren G , which led to his Multi-Platinum debut Regulate ... G Funk Era in 1994 , and Snoop Dogg 's cousin Daz Dillinger which led to the double platinum debut album Dogg Food by Tha Dogg Pound in 1995 . In 1996 , he left Death Row Records to establish his own label , Aftermath Entertainment . He produced a compilation album titled Dr. Dre Presents the Aftermath in 1996 , and released a solo album titled 2001 in 1999 . During the 2000s , he focused on production for other artists , while occasionally contributing vocals to songs . Dr. Dre signed Eminem in 1998 and 50 Cent in 2002 to his record label respectively , while contributing production on their albums . He has won six Grammy Awards , including Producer of the Year . Dr. Dre has also had acting roles in movies such as Set It Off , The Wash and Training Day . Rolling Stone ranked Dre at 56 on their list of `` 100 Greatest Artists of All-Time '' .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "e1708d1205a0a1ff1b8ae277f744927f",
"text": "Time Is Money (Styles P album) Time Is Money is the second studio album by American rapper Styles P . The album was released on December 19 , 2006 , by Ruff Ryders Entertainment and Interscope Records . The album suffered several pushbacks starting from spring 2005 . It was originally scheduled to be released on November 14 , 2006 but was delayed for a month . It peaked at number 19 on the Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart , number ten on the Top Rap Albums chart , and number 79 on the Billboard 200 . `` Can You Believe It '' , `` I 'm Black '' and `` Favorite Drug '' were released as singles . The clean version of `` Favorite Drug '' is titled `` Favorite One '' . A track called `` All My Life '' which is featuring Akon ( who featured Styles P on his hit `` Locked Up '' two years before ) was supposed to be on the album but it did n't make the final cut .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2922456af640137e0ae590ce8f9dad0d",
"text": "400 Degreez 400 Degreez is the 3rd studio album by Magnolia Projects , New Orleans , Louisiana-based rapper Juvenile . The album was released on November 3 , 1998 , on Cash Money Records . It remains Juvenile 's best-selling album of his solo career and currently the best-selling album ever released on Cash Money Records along with Drake 's Views ( album ) . The album was certified 4x Platinum by the RIAA , on December 19 , 1999 . Two singles , `` Ha '' and `` Back That Azz Up '' became hip hop hits in the United States . `` Back That Azz Up '' peaked at # 19 on the Billboard Hot 100 music chart along with `` Ha '' which peaked at # 68 on the hot 100 music chart . The album peaked at # 2 on Billboard 's Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums music chart and at # 9 on the Billboard 200 music chart in 1999 . It also went to claim the # 1 position on the Top R&B / Hip Hop Albums chart on the Billboard Year-End chart for 1999 . As a single , `` Back That Azz Up '' was released , credited , and charted as the more censored `` Back That Thang Up '' . Also the album features a bonus remix of the single `` Ha '' with New York rapper Jay-Z , the only guest appearance outside of Cash Money and the 1st time Ca $ h Money collaborated with an east coast rapper on a song . As of 2013 , 400 Degreez has sold well over 5 million copies worldwide . The album won R&B Album Of The Year at the 1999 Billboard Music Awards .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "feceb56b7c9bb419d5a28a375e08d072",
"text": "G-Dragon Kwon Ji-yong ( ; born August 18 , 1988 ) , better known by his stage name G-Dragon , is a South Korean rapper , singer-songwriter , record producer , and fashion icon . After six years as a trainee under the record label YG Entertainment , G-Dragon rose to fame in the mid-2000s as one of two rappers in the South Korean hip hop boy band Big Bang . Despite initial lukewarm receptions , the group became one of the best-selling digital group of all-time in Asia and one of the best-selling boy bands in the world . G-Dragon debuted as a solo artist with the release of Heartbreaker in 2009 . The album was a commercial success and earned the Mnet Asian Music Awards for Album of the Year , while the single of the same name became a number-one hit . G-Dragon later formed a duo with fellow Big Bang member T.O.P to record and release the album GD & TOP ( 2010 ) , which contained the top-five hits `` High High '' , `` Oh Yeah '' , and `` Knock Out '' on the Gaon Digital Chart , while the album peaked at number-one . His first EP One of a Kind ( 2012 ) was critically acclaimed and yielded `` One of a Kind '' , `` Crayon '' , and the number-one `` That XX '' , earning Record of the Year at the 22nd Seoul Music Awards . The EP became the highest-selling album by a Korean soloist since his own Heartbreaker . In 2013 , he embarked on his first worldwide tour as a solo artist , which included a four-dome tour in Japan , making him the first Korean soloist to do a dome tour . G-Dragon was awarded Artist of the Year at the 15th Mnet Asian Music Awards following the success of his second studio album Coup d'Etat ( 2013 ) , in addition to the awards of World 's Best Entertainer and World 's Best Album at the 2014 World Music Awards . Recognized as one of the most influential leaders in music and fashion in his country and labelled as an `` K-pop icon '' , G-Dragon was named by Forbes the most influential person under 30 in Asia 's entertainment and sports . Producing not only for his band but also for his and his bandmates ' solo releases , G-Dragon has written 22 number one songs .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bb404d9bcaec4563bc57b911d4ec398d",
"text": "Major Key (album) Major Key ( stylized as Major ð ''` ) is the ninth studio album by DJ Khaled . It was released on July 29 , 2016 , by We the Best Music Group and Epic Records . The album features guest appearances from Future , Big Sean , Rick Ross , Jay Z , Drake , Nas , Kendrick Lamar , Betty Wright , J. Cole , Bryson Tiller , Nicki Minaj , Chris Brown , August Alsina , Jeremih , Kodak Black , Jeezy , French Montana , YG , Yo Gotti , Gucci Mane , 2 Chainz , Jadakiss , Fabolous , Fat Joe , Busta Rhymes , Kent Jones , Travis Scott , Lil Wayne , Meghan Trainor , Wiz Khalifa , Wale and Mavad The album was supported by four singles , `` For Free '' , `` I Got the Keys '' , `` Holy Key '' and `` Do You Mind '' . Major Key received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 . The album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in November 2016 . It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2dd9d3b2e7d7cabc2b8e8c0d6d8d2012",
"text": "List of awards and nominations received by Missy Elliott Missy Elliott is an American rapper , singer-songwriter , author , record producer and actress . Missy 's debut album Supa Dupa Fly was released on July 15 , 1997 in the United States under her own label The Goldmind Inc. signed under Elektra Records . Her second album Da Real World was then released on June 22 , 1999 , followed by her third album Miss E. . . So Addictive , released on May 15 , 2001 . Under Construction was the fourth album released by Elliott , which was released on November 12 , 2002 , followed by her fifth album This Is Not a Test ! that saw a release in November 25 , 2003 , and The Cookbook , Elliott 's latest album to date , which was released on July 4 , 2005 . Throughout Missy Elliott 's career , she has received several awards and nominations . Elliott would also be noted to become the first female rapper in history to take home the award for `` Best International Video '' from VIVA Comet Media Awards for her solo debut single , `` The Rain ( Supa Dupa Fly ) '' . Elliott 's debut Supa Dupa Fly ( 1997 ) would go on to score two Grammy nominations for Best Rap Solo Performance & Best Rap Album , alongside three MTV Music Video Awards nominations for `` Best Direction in a Video , '' `` Best Breakthrough Video '' & `` Best Rap Video '' . Missy Elliott 's second album Da Real World ( 1999 ) attained a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album . She also received an award for `` Best R&B / Soul or Rap Music Video '' by the Soul Train Awards . The album went on to go platinum making it Elliott 's second platinum album . The follow-up , Miss E. . . So Addictive ( 2001 ) , was a commercial success ; selling over 9.2 million copies worldwide making it her third consecutive platinum album . This album would attain twelve MTV Video Music Awards nominations throughout 2001 and 2002 . Additionally , the effort gained Elliott several nominations from various award shows some including , the Grammy Awards , MTV Video Music Awards , and the BET Awards . On March 27 , 2001 , Lil ' Kim , Christina Aguilera , Pink , and Mýa recorded a cover version of the LaBelle song , `` Lady Marmalade '' as a medley for the feature film Moulin Rouge that Missy Elliott wrote and produced , which topped # 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 for five weeks . `` Lady Marmalade '' scored Elliott 's first Grammy Award in 2002 for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals . Missy Elliott 's fourth album Under Construction ( 2002 ) was certified double platinum , making it her fourth platinum album . The effort gained Elliott eight MTV Video Music Awards in 2003 , taking two awards for `` Video of the Year & `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . The album also gained Elliott five Grammy nominations in 2004 for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , Best Rap Album , Album of The Year , Best Rap Song & Best Female Rap Solo Performance taking an award for Best Female Rap Solo Performance . Elliott 's follow-up This Is Not a Test ! ( 2003 ) would also attain a platinum certification , as well as two MTV Video Music Awards and one MTV Music Video Japan Awards nominations . The Cookbook ( 2005 ) is Missy Elliott 's latest album to date . The effort attained three Grammy nominations in 2006 for Best Short Form Music Video , Best Rap Song & Best Rap Album . Elliott received the award for Best Short Form Music Video for her single `` Lose Control '' . The Cookbook also gained Elliott seven MTV Video Music Awards nominations , taking two awards for `` Best Dance Video '' and `` Best Hip-Hop Video '' . In 2014 , Missy Elliott became nominated for a Grammy for Best R&B Song for the featured single , `` Without Me '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3938a70b8464bed9c34c9899ed500676",
"text": "Top Dawg Entertainment Top Dawg Entertainment ( TDE ) is an American independent record label founded in 2004 , by chief executive officer ( CEO ) Anthony `` Top Dawg '' Tiffith . Dave `` Miyatola '' Free and Terrence `` Punch '' Henderson are the co-presidents of TDE . There are currently eight artists signed to the label , Isaiah Rashad , SZA , Lance Skiiiwalker and SiR , as well as the flagship artists , Black Hippy members , Kendrick Lamar , Jay Rock , ScHoolboy Q and Ab-Soul . The label also houses a production division that includes Digi + Phonics , THC , and King Blue .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "106ae4371412686a08b197b1c094ea26",
"text": "The Marshall Mathers LP The Marshall Mathers LP is the third studio album by American rapper Eminem . It was released on May 23 , 2000 , by Aftermath Entertainment , Interscope Records , and Eminem 's newly founded label , Shady Records in the United States , and on September 11 , 2000 , by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom . The album was produced mostly by Dr. Dre and Eminem , along with The 45 King , the Bass Brothers , and Mel-Man . Released a year after Eminem 's breakout album The Slim Shady LP , the record features more introspective lyricism including the rapper 's response to his sudden rise to fame and controversy surrounding his lyrics . The album sold more than 1.78 million copies in the US in its first week alone , becoming the fastest-selling studio album by any solo artist in American music history . In 2001 , the album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and was nominated for Album of the Year . Eminem lost the latter to jazz-rock duo Steely Dan and their album Two Against Nature . The album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America in March 2011 for shipping 10 million copies in the United States . By December 2016 , the album had sold over 11 million copies in the United States and more than 32 million copies worldwide . A sequel to the album , The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , was released on November 5 , 2013 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1e0f6dc16dfb8f6af3cd7888a7d4120c",
"text": "Music of Life Music of Life is a British independent dance music label formed in 1986 by two influential DJ remixers , Froggy and Simon Harris , managed by Chris France . Following several successful productions , one of which reached No. 3 in the UK pop music charts ( The Real Thing 's ` You to me are Everything ' ) Harris and Froggy decided to launch their own label , they were offered a label deal by Morgan Khan ( Streetwave ) and the first release was a remix by the duo of Cerrone 's ` Supernature ' ( his ` Music of Life song was the inspiration for the label name ) . Within a few months Froggy left the label and Streetwave went out of business . Harris being active in remixing and production for many other artists and labels financed the label with his remix income . After the demise of Streetwave Harris and France decided to re-launch as a British hip-hop ( usually UK Hip Hop , ) music label . Music of Life opened an office in London 's Soho at 22 Hanway Street , Chris France and his sister Michelle spent their days in the busy Soho office whilst Simon could usually be found in his home studio ` The Bunker ' producing many of the Music of Life releases . At first the label licensed new rap music from US production company Powerplay for the first compilation album ` Def Beats 1 ' but as an addition to the US material Harris produced an extra track , under his own ` Music of Life Productions ' recorded in London by the label 's A&R man Derek Boland . ` Rock the Beat ' by Derek B created a demand for British hip-hop and the demo tapes started to arrive , Music of Life signed the best artists instead of licensing more US material and Harris would produce many new songs featuring artists including M.C Duke , The Demon Boyz ( Million Dan ) , Thrashpack , Asher D and Daddy Freddy , CJ Macintosh & Einstein , She Rockers ( Betty Boo ) , Hijack and many more . Many of these recordings broke ground and are still considered to be highly innovative , the first reggae/hip-hop combination ( Asher D & Daddy Freddy 's ` Ragamuffin Hip Hop ) and Derek B 's album would be licensed to US label ` Profile ' ( Run DMC ) , Hijack would be signed to Ice-T 's Rhyme syndicate label and many more . Music Week wrote that Music of Life was `` the most successful hip hop label in the UK right now '' , in 1988 . Record Mirror identified Music of Life as one of the few hip hop labels `` to believe in home grown talent '' . In 1989 , Studio Week magazine called Music of Life `` the foremost rap label in this country at the moment . '' So far the Music of Life catalog of recordings and copyrights under Music of Life Productions and released on many labels worldwide including Music of Life have exceeded 2000 titles and include music videos and documentary TV shows ( ` Kings of Rap ' - MTV ) . Music of Life is one of the UK 's longest running independent dance music labels ( 1986 -- present day ) and the catalog has been licensed and released in over 70 countries with many chart hits including the UK , Germany , Japan , France and the USA ( Harris 's ` Bass ' how low can you go ? was a No. 1 Billboard US chart hit ) and many Grammy award winning artists ( Luthor Vandross , REM , Beastie Boys , Beck ) have licensed from the Music of Life catalog . Sister label ` Living Beat ' was launched in 1989 and would release many dance music , house and pop recordings with chart success including ` Supermarioland ' reaching No. 6 in the UK pop charts with Harris 's AKA ` Ambassadors of Funk ' in association with Nintendo , Samantha Fox 's Song for Europe entry ` Go for the Heart ' and was instrumental in helping Prince achieve his first UK No1 pop single ` The Most Beautiful Girl in the World ' . Harris also produced the world 's best selling series of ` Breakbeat ' albums used by DJs and producers , ` Beats Breaks and Scratches ' in 12 volumes and worked with top artists Norman Cook ( Fatboy Slim ) , Paul Oakenfold , Afrika Bambaataa and George Clinton to produce and release similar albums that are part of the Music of Life catalog . Music of Life is now a registered trademark . The Music of Life catalog includes songs from : M.C. Duke & D.J. Leader 1 Thrashpack She Rockers ( featuring * Betty Boo ) Daddy Freddy Asher D Tenor Fly Nitty Gritty Derek B Hijack Hardnoise 3 Knights DJ Daddy Leslie Lyrics Norman Cook Paul Oakenfold George Clinton Simon Harris ( label founder ) Einstein Ambassadors of Funk Afrika Bambaataa Demon Boyz Professor Griff Clyde Stubblefield Killa Instinct S.L. Troopers First Frontal Assault Kobalt 60 Overlord X",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a3dc443d14d916ae5c349837433dea85",
"text": "Paid in Full (album) Paid in Full is the debut album of American hip hop duo Eric B. & Rakim , released on July 7 , 1987 , by Island-subsidiary label 4th & B'way Records . The duo recorded the album at hip hop producer Marley Marl 's home studio and Power Play Studios in New York City , following Rakim 's response to Eric B. 's search for a rapper to complement his disc jockey work in 1985 . The album peaked at number fifty-eight on the Billboard 200 chart and produced five singles , `` Eric B. Is President '' , `` I Ai n't No Joke '' , `` I Know You Got Soul '' , `` Move the Crowd '' , and `` Paid in Full '' . Paid in Full is credited as a benchmark album of golden age hip hop . Rakim 's rapping , which pioneered the use of internal rhymes in hip hop , set a higher standard of lyricism in the genre and served as a template for future rappers . The album 's heavy sampling by Eric B. became influential in hip hop production . The record has sold over a million copies and the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) certified it platinum in 1995 . In 2003 , the album was ranked number 228 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "09fbccc09e0845225133080fba22f31d",
"text": "T-Pain discography The discography of T-Pain , an American R&B singer , songwriter record producer and rapper , consists of four studio albums , forty-two singles ( as lead artist , and featured artist ) , five mixtapes , and thirty-six music videos . On December 6 , 2005 , his debut studio album , Rappa Ternt Sanga , is where it first appeared on the charts , when it debuted at number 33 on the US Billboard 200 . Both singles , `` I 'm Sprung '' and `` I 'm 'n Luv ( Wit a Stripper ) '' , peaked in the top ten on the US Billboard Hot 100 . After that , he collaborated with fellow rapper E-40 , along with an singer Kandi Burruss on the single `` U and Dat '' , which it peaked at number 13 in the United States . In 2007 , his second album , titled Epiphany ( 2007 ) , which debuted at number 1 in the United States . The lead single `` Buy U a Drank ( Shawty Snappin ' ) '' , peaked at number one in the United States , the follow-up single `` Bartender '' which peaked at number 5 , and the album 's third single `` Church '' . During 2007 , T-Pain made several guest appearances on songs by other performing artists , the most commercially successful of these being `` Low '' by Flo Rida , which peaked at number one in the United States , and on several national singles charts worldwide . In November 2008 , T-Pain released his third studio album , Three Ringz , debuted at number 4 in the United States , and its consists by all 3 singles -- `` Chopped 'n' Skrewed '' , `` Ca n't Believe It '' and `` Freeze '' . In 2008 , T-Pain appeared on several other singles by other performing artists , including `` Got Money '' by Lil Wayne , `` The Boss by Rick Ross and `` One More Drink '' by Ludacris , among several others . T-Pain 's fourth studio album , Revolver , was released in December 2011 . The album has been preceded by the release of the promotional singles `` Take Your Shirt Off '' , `` Reverse Cowgirl '' and `` Rap Song '' , as well as the single `` Booty Wurk ( One Cheek at a Time ) '' , which attained mixed success on worldwide charts . On May 4 , 2011 , T-Pain released a mixtape , PrEVOLVEr , in promotion of the album . The first official single from Revolver was `` Best Love Song '' , which features Chris Brown . The album 's second single was `` 5 O'Clock '' , which features Wiz Khalifa and Lily Allen . The album 's third single was `` Turn All the Lights On '' , which features Ne-Yo .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "384022a9b8a949710d6dc71e93a88edc",
"text": "Fabo Lefabian Williams ( born November 30 , 1983 ) , better known by his stage name Fabo , is an American rapper , producer , songwriter and former frontman of the snap music group D4L . Fabo is currently signed to Atlantic Records , and has gone solo . Fader called Fabo `` an unquestioned living legend for certain segments of the rap community '' and said that `` Young Thug even paid tribute in his breakout ` Stoner . ' '' D4L 's breakout song Laffy Taffy dethroned Mariah Carey 's `` Do n't Forget About Us '' to claim the No. 1 spot on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . `` Laffy Taffy '' made Nielsen SoundScan history with digital download sales of over 175,000 copies , marking a new one-week high for sales of a single track . This achievement smashes the previous record set by Kanye West 's `` Gold Digger , '' more than doubling the latter 's one-week sales figure of 80,500 . D4L earned recognition by the RIAA for highest certified master ringtone honors , going 3x multi-platinum for their song , Laffy Taffy . In November 2013 , Complex ( magazine ) named D4L with the likes of industry greats Eminem , Lil Wayne , and Timbaland as one of The 10 Major Influences on Today 's Rap Sound . The magazine credits D4L for influence on current California production style as well as the obvious `` ringtone '' rap , pop rap and dance-style rap music . Complex goes on to say , `` And no doubt group member , Fabo , a true star , was influential , particularly in the South . '' After a brief hiatus from the music scene , Fabo , who now goes by the stage name 2 $ Fabo , returned in 2013 with a new single called `` Catch Me on That Molly , '' which was produced by King Dominus . In 2014 , 2 $ Fabo released the well-received We Amongst U , which Stereogum called their mixtape of the week and `` a hell of a good time . '' Additionally , Fader called `` We Amongst U '' the `` most fun mixtape of 2014 . '' It goes on to describe the song `` Krazy Bout That Money , '' as being `` nothing short of ecstatic , a twinkling , Nard & B-reminiscent production over which Fabo delivers the most impassioned love letter to cash I 've ever heard . It feels like hearing `` The World 's Greatest '' for the first time .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2c60907d85d35cbc9ca48d6b463ba4ee",
"text": "Black Mafia Life Black Mafia Life is the second studio album by American hip hop group Above the Law.This Album Is What Would Be Considered The Blue Print Sound Similar To Dr Dre 's The Chronic.The Sound What would be later Named as G-Funk by 2pac . Recorded in 1991 into 1992 but was held back due Legal Issues With Epic And Dr. Dre 's Departure from Ruthless Records . It was released on February 2 , 1993 via Ruthless Records . The album peaked at number 6 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums and number 37 on the US Billboard 200 . Rolling Stone gave the album 4.5 stars of 5 . As on the group 's previous works , Livin ' Like Hustlers and Vocally Pimpin ' , this album 's audio production was mostly handled by A.T.L. themselves , but this one excluded any contributions from Lay Law . It featured guest appearances from Kokane , Eazy-E , 2pac , MC Ren , and Digital Underground . Its lead single `` V.S.O.P. '' peaked at number 9 on the Hot Rap Singles and number 97 on the Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks . Above the Law member Go Mack left the group after release of this album .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f8146a9e7fd4aca78a0b74d3fe10ffed",
"text": "American upper class The American upper class is a social group consisting of the people who have the highest social rank and who are usually rich . People of this social class are socioeconomically distinguishable from other classes by its greater influence , power , and wealth . The American upper class is composed of members born into this class , called members of Old money ; as well as those who have acquired their wealth and influence within their own generation , called the Nouveau riche . In a CNBC Millionaire Survey it can be observed that a majority of millionaires polled , representing the wealthiest 10 percent of Americans , described themselves as middle class ( 44 % ) or upper middle class ( 40 % ) . `` The study of attitudes is reasonably easy -LSB- ... -RSB- it 's concluded that for roughly 70 % of the population -- the lower 70 % on the wealth/income scale -- they have no influence on policy whatsoever . They 're effectively disenfranchised . As you move up the wealth/income ladder , you get a little bit more influence on policy . When you get to the top , which is maybe a tenth of one percent , people essentially get what they want , i.e. they determine the policy . So the proper term for that is not democracy ; it 's plutocracy . '' -- Noam Chomsky . Many Politicians , heirs to fortunes , top business executives , CEOs , successful venture capitalists , those born into high society , and some celebrities may be considered members of this class . Some prominent and high-rung professionals may also be included if they attain great influence and wealth . The main distinguishing feature of this class , which is estimated to constitute roughly 1 % of the population , is the source of income . While the vast majority of people and households derive their income from wages or salaries , those in the upper class derive their income from investments and capital gains . Estimates for the size of this group commonly vary from 1 % to 2 % , while some surveys have indicated that as many as 6 % of Americans identify as `` upper class . '' Sociologist Leonard Beeghley sees wealth as the only significant distinguishing feature of this class and , therefore , refers to this group simply as `` the rich . '' Sociologists such as W. Lloyd Warner , William Thompson and Joseph Hickey recognize prestige differences between members of the upper class . Established families , prominent professionals and politicians may be deemed to have more prestige than some entertainment celebrities who in turn may have more prestige than the members of local elites . Yet , contemporary sociologists argue that all members of the upper class share such great wealth , influence and assets as their main source of income as to be recognized as members of the same social class . As great financial fortune is the main distinguishing feature of this class , sociologist Leonard Beeghley at the University of Florida identifies all `` rich '' households , those with incomes in the top 1 % or so , as upper class . In 1998 , Bob Herbert of The New York Times referred to modern American plutocrats as `` The Donor Class '' ( list of top donors ) and defined the class , for the first time , as `` a tiny group -- just one-quarter of 1 percent of the population -- and it is not representative of the rest of the nation . But its money buys plenty of access . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bad6673fcb603b9a86808a8f7c5301e8",
"text": "Busta Rhymes Trevor George Smith Jr. ( born May 20 , 1972 ) , better known by his stage name Busta Rhymes , is an American rapper , actor , record producer and record executive . Chuck D of Public Enemy gave him the moniker Busta Rhymes , after NFL wide receiver George `` Buster '' Rhymes . He is widely known for his outlandish style and fashion sense depicted in several highly innovative music videos as well as his intricate rhyming technique , rapping at a high rate of speed with heavy use of internal rhyme and half rhyme , and to date has received 11 Grammy Award nominations for his musical work . About.com included him on its list of the 50 Greatest MCs of Our Time ( 1987 -- 2007 ) , while Steve Huey of AllMusic called him one of the best and most prolific rappers of the 1990s . In 2012 , The Source placed him on their list of the Top 50 Lyricists of All Time . MTV has called him `` one of hip-hop 's greatest visual artists . '' Busta Rhymes was an original member of Leaders of the New School . He later went on and founded the record label Conglomerate ( initially Flipmode Entertainment ) and production crew The Conglomerate ( formerly Flipmode Squad ) . In November 2011 , Busta Rhymes signed a deal with Cash Money Records . On July 23 , 2014 , Busta Rhymes announced that he left Cash Money Records due to creative differences and was no longer on Republic . In 2016 Rhymes signed with Epic for his upcoming album due to be released in early 2017 . He has so far released nine studio albums , with the first being the 1996 platinum-selling album The Coming . His list of hit singles include `` Woo Hah !! Got You All in Check '' , `` Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Could See '' , `` Dangerous '' , `` Turn It Up ( Remix ) / Fire It Up '' , `` Gim me Some More '' , `` What 's It Gon na Be ?! '' , `` Pass the Courvoisier , Part II '' , `` I Know What You Want '' and `` Touch It '' , among several others .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "029fc8a9fc4ca4e1fca057d080e3f7df",
"text": "Business as Usual (EPMD album) Business as Usual is the third album from Hip Hop duo EPMD , released December 18 , 1990 and their first on leading rap label Def Jam as a result of being signed over ( along with Nice & Smooth ) from their former label , Fresh Records . This album was also the first release by Def Jam as an imprint under its new Rush Associated Labels subsidiary , which allowed founder Russell Simmons more control and more ownership over its material , as the masters for proper Def Jam releases at that time were primarily owned by Sony Music 's Columbia Records . Business as Usual was not as acclaimed as their first two albums , but was not considered to be a failure either . One notable aspect here was the debut of future Hip Hop star Redman , who appears on the tracks `` Hardcore '' and `` Brothers on My Jock '' . Three singles were released from the album , `` Gold Digger '' , `` Rampage ( Slow Down , Baby ) '' featuring LL Cool J and `` Give the People '' . In 1998 , the album was selected as one of The Source 's 100 Best Rap Albums . The album was certified Gold by the RIAA on May 7 , 1991 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e6e21c335b9ed50d4673451da5c1816b",
"text": "Add-2 Andre DiJuan Daniels ( born March 31 , 1986 ) , better known by his stage name Add-2 , sometimes stylized as Add 2 , is an American rapper from Chicago , Illinois . He first gained popularity after the release of his second mixtape , A Tale of Two 's City : Volume 2 . In 2009 , his single `` Luxury '' was featured on MTV , MtvU 's top 5 freshman and Vh1 respectively . `` Luxury '' is part of Add-2 's third mixtape , `` Tale of Two 's City Vol . 3 : The Rise & Fall . '' Add-2 has also worked with Grammy award winning music producer 9th Wonder along with Kendrick Lamar , The Roots and Gerald Walker .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "94cefadc976ed047a97809210575ddd5",
"text": "Saleh J Saleh J , prominent Tanzanian hip hop pioneer , was born in Dar es Salaam as Saleh Jaber . Heavily influenced by the early 1980s rap artists such as LL Cool J and Big Daddy Kane , Jaber began to go by the name of Saleh J . He gained popularity after competing in the popular Tanzanian rap battle TV show , Yo Rap Bonanza . After winning this competition , Saleh J came out with an album which he says was `` done in one day and just hours at continental hotel '' and was just `` distributed to all Indian shop owners . '' In 1992 , Saleh J came out with what is considered his most commercially successful hit -- `` Ice Ice Baby - King of Swahili Rap '' by putting Swahili lyrics to the tune and rhythm of Vanilla Ice 's 1990s hit `` Ice Ice Baby '' . He left the country of Tanzania soon after to relocate in the United Arab Emirates and by 2003 he had moved to the United Kingdom , where he currently resides . As Saleh J gained popularity and fame within the young Tanzanian population , he began to compete against other popular Swahili hip hop artists such as Eazy-B and Nigga One . These associations opened many doors for Saleh J , as both these rappers had relationships with a prominent competition in Tanzania , Yo Rap Bonanza , an annual rap battle contest organized and sponsored by local Indian vendors in the marketplace of Dar es Salaam . The YRB contest was not only especially helpful to Saleh J , but also to other Tanzanian hip hop artists , as it included artists from outside the Dar es Salaam region . This integration of other towns and people signified the spread of the hip hop movement throughout Tanzania , indicating a successful career for Saleh J. Most rappers would rap in English ; however , Saleh J was considered innovative as he created a new style by translating the English rhythms into a rough form of Swahili . As Saleh J was successful in the late 1980s to early 1990s , today he is considered to be `` old school '' by many Tanzanian hip hop followers , just as Run DMC is considered old school by young American hip hop fans . Today , many new hip hop artists are known to have been inspired by the early Tanzanian hip hop artists who dared to create a new genre of music , Saleh J being one of the most influential artists in Tanzania . Among the popular Tanzanian hip hop artists today are Professor Jay , Juma Nature , Fid Q , and internationally X Plastaz .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2beb645f3c920513e01707fa3131e10d",
"text": "Indie hip-hop Indie hip hop ( short for independent hip hop ) is hip hop that primarily exists in the independent underground music scene . The term underground hip hop may be used to describe both indie hip hop ( which is defined by its artists being unsigned or signed to independent record labels , rather than major record labels ) as well as alternative hip hop ( which is defined by music that diverges from mainstream hip hop music such as Gangsta rap . ) As the term `` indie hip hop '' is indicative of the musicians making the music rather than the music itself , it is not strictly a genre but rather covers a range of styles with clearly discernable hip hop characteristics . Like indie rock artists , many indie hip hop artists place a premium on maintaining complete control of their music and careers , releasing albums on independent record labels ( sometimes their own ) and relying on touring , word-of-mouth , and air play on independent or college radio stations for promotion . Some of its more popular artists , however , may end up moving to major labels , though often on favorable terms won by their prior independent success . Independent hip hop labels include Babygrande Records , Definitive Jux , Nature Sounds Records and Strange Famous Records . Notable indie hip hop artists include 7L & Esoteric , Bronze Nazareth , Chief Kamachi , Lord Jamar , Mr. Lif , Jedi Mind Tricks , OuterSpace , The Perceptionists , WMR Music Group and The Society of Invisibles .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0cc9b9a571f1ad13859c14f951c7c82f",
"text": "50 Cent discography American rapper 50 Cent has released five studio albums , ten mixtapes , two video albums , four compilation albums , one soundtrack album , 76 singles ( including 26 as a featured artist ) , and 88 music videos . As of July 2014 , he is the sixth best-selling hip-hop artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era with 16,786,000 albums sold in the US . 50 Cent signed to Shady Records in 2002 and released his debut studio album , Get Rich or Die Tryin ' , on February 6 , 2003 . The album peaked at number one in the US Billboard 200 and performed well in international markets . It features the number-one singles `` In da Club '' and `` 21 Questions '' and also includes the singles `` P.I.M.P. '' and `` If I Ca n't '' . 50 Cent collaborated with American rapper Lil ' Kim on `` Magic Stick '' , which peaked at number two in the US . In 2005 , he released his second studio album , The Massacre . The album charted at number one in the US , as well as reaching the top ten on many album charts worldwide , and sold 4.83 million copies in the United States in 2005 , the second highest sales count by any album that year . The Massacre includes the US top-three hits `` Disco Inferno '' and `` Just a Lil Bit '' , and the US number-one hit `` Candy Shop '' , which peaked in the top ten of many charts worldwide . A reissue of The Massacre produced the single `` Outta Control '' , which peaked at number six in the US . In November 2005 , 50 Cent starred in the movie Get Rich or Die Tryin ' , and recorded four singles for the film 's soundtrack : the international hits `` Hustler 's Ambition '' and `` Window Shopper '' , and also `` Best Friend '' and `` I 'll Whip Ya Head Boy '' . In 2007 , 50 Cent 's third studio album , Curtis , debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 , behind Kanye West 's album Graduation , after a much-hyped sales competition between the albums . Five singles were released from the album , including international hit `` Ayo Technology '' and Billboard hits `` Straight to the Bank '' , `` Amusement Park '' , `` I Get Money '' and `` I 'll Still Kill '' . In 2009 , he released his fourth studio album , Before I Self Destruct . Music critics described the album as a return to the darker , more intense style of music that 50 Cent exhibited on many of his early mixtapes . The album charted at number five on the Billboard 200 and peaked in the top twenty of several album charts worldwide . The album features two singles : the international hit `` Baby by Me '' , which peaked at number twenty-eight in the US , and `` Do You Think About Me '' . In June 2014 , 50 Cent released his fifth studio album , Animal Ambition . All of the songs on the standard edition of the album were released as singles prior to the album being delivered to the public . His upcoming sixth studio album , titled Street King Immortal , was preceded by the release of the non-album song `` Outlaw '' , which peaked at number eighty-seven in both the US and Canada , and a free download album -- 5 ( Murder by Numbers ) -- on July 6 , 2012 . Four singles were released in promotion for Street King Immortal : `` New Day '' , `` My Life '' , which reached number two on the UK Singles Chart , `` Major Distribution '' , and `` We Up '' , but the songs were scrapped and the album is now set to be released in 2016 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3f0c7946dc1ee7a6fe5a59b927aba8ad",
"text": "The World's Famous Supreme Team The World 's Famous Supreme Team was an American hip hop radio show crew and recording group from the early 1980s . Members included See Divine the Mastermind and Just Allah the Superstar ( now known as JazzyJust the Superstar ) , among others . Their pioneering radio show started in 1979 on WHBI-FM 105.9 broadcasting from Newark , New Jersey , and featured Mr. Magic before he went on to host the first rap show on a major radio station , The Rap Attack on WBLS . The group rose to international prominance when punk impresario Malcolm McLaren recruited See Devine and Just Allah and samples of their radio show for his surprise hip hop hit , 1982 's `` Buffalo Gals '' , and the full album follow-up , Duck Rock ( 1983 ) . They are credited as the first hip hop group to incorporate Five Percent teachings and slang into their music , and their appearances on Duck Rock contains the first instances on record - a trait that would become increasingly predominant in the late '80s and '90s . The World Famous Supreme Team released their own hit single `` Hey DJ '' in 1984 , which would appear on their only album , Rappin ' ( 1986 ) . The group reunited with McLaren for the 1990 album , Round the Outside ! Round the Outside ! . `` Hey , DJ '' was later sampled on the Mariah Carey song `` Honey '' , popularising its use for a new generation .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
66c9233d7f51a8fa395ed391ba287d01 | Russell Crowe has worked with Ridley Scott. | [
{
"docid": "8fcf7e96686a8d568846a2f04da1ed21",
"text": "Russell Crowe Russell Ira Crowe ( born 7 April 1964 ) is an actor , film producer and musician . Although a New Zealand citizen , he has lived most of his life in Australia . He came to international attention for his role as the Roman General Maximus Decimus Meridius in the 2000 historical epic film Gladiator , directed by Ridley Scott , for which Crowe won an Academy Award for Best Actor , a Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor , an Empire Award for Best Actor and a London Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor and 10 further nominations for best actor . Crowe appeared as the tobacco firm whistle blower Jeffrey Wigand in the 1999 film The Insider , for which he received five awards as best actor and seven nominations in the same category . In 2001 , Crowe 's portrayal of mathematician and Nobel Prize winner John F. Nash in the biopic A Beautiful Mind brought him numerous awards , including a BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role , a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Drama and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role . Crowe 's other films include Romper Stomper ( 1992 ) , L.A. Confidential ( 1997 ) , Master and Commander : The Far Side of the World ( 2003 ) , Cinderella Man ( 2005 ) , American Gangster ( 2007 ) , State of Play ( 2009 ) , Robin Hood ( 2010 ) , Les Misérables ( 2012 ) , Man of Steel ( 2013 ) and Noah ( 2014 ) . Crowe 's work has earned him several accolades during his career and including a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame , three consecutive Academy Award nominations ( 1999 -- 2001 ) , one Golden Globe Award for Best Actor , one BAFTA , and an Academy Award . Crowe is also the co-owner of the South Sydney Rabbitohs , an Australian National Rugby League team .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb",
"text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "781447f2b975739524dcdc15692f03b2",
"text": "Breakdown (1997 film) Breakdown is a 1997 American adventure mystery thriller film directed and co-written by Jonathan Mostow . It stars Kurt Russell , J. T. Walsh and Kathleen Quinlan . The original music score was composed by Basil Poledouris . The film was produced by Dino De Laurentiis and Martha De Laurentiis , and released on May 2 , 1997 by Paramount Pictures .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "760d9c4bb19b849a0e4d5da2c8ee0aaa",
"text": "Scrawl (film) Scrawl is a 2015 independent British supernatural horror-thriller film written and directed by Peter Hearn and produced by Annabelle Le Gresley and Hearn . It stars Liam Hughes , Joe Daly , Daisy Ridley , Mark Forester Evans , Le Gresley , Nathalie Pownall , Catherine Ruddick and Derek Jones . It tells the story of two best friends , Simon and Joe , who must rewrite the happenings from the comic book , Scrawl , after realizing that the events occurred from the comic begins to happen . It is also Ridley 's film debut just before Star Wars : The Force Awakens . The film received positive reviews . As of 2016 , the film is still lining up for indie horror festivals , playing a longer version than the final cut .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4f5e12c161800424c6535fc340899eef",
"text": "Black Hawk Down (film) Black Hawk Down is a 2002 American war film co-produced and directed by Ridley Scott . The screenplay by Ken Nolan is adapted from the non-fiction book of the same name by Mark Bowden , which in turn is based on the 29-part series of articles published in The Philadelphia Inquirer chronicling the events of a 1993 raid in Mogadishu by the U.S. military aimed at capturing faction leader Mohamed Farrah Aidid and the ensuing firefight , known as the Battle of Mogadishu . The film features a large ensemble cast , including Josh Hartnett , Ewan McGregor , Eric Bana , Tom Sizemore , William Fichtner , Jason Isaacs , Tom Hardy , and Sam Shepard . It won two Oscars for Best Film Editing and Best Sound Mixing at the 74th Academy Awards . Although it was received positively by critics , the film was strongly criticized by a number of groups and military officials . In 2009 , an extended cut of the film was released on DVD . The cut contained an additional 8 minutes of footage increasing the running time to 152 minutes . This extended cut has yet to be released on Blu-Ray .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d",
"text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd",
"text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1",
"text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "371dcddcc3ef073c5bdc6567728b76e9",
"text": "Mark Crowe Mark Crowe is an American video game designer , artist , and writer who developed several adventure games , mostly for Sierra On-Line and its subsidiary Dynamix . He later worked at Pipeworks Software as Studio Design Director . Crowe is best known for creating the Space Quest series , mostly with his fellow `` Guy from Andromeda '' , Scott Murphy .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bc7bfeca6209accd29dca11c1751a0ac",
"text": "Russell Barnes Russell Barnes ( born 1968 ) is a British television producer and director , known primarily for documentaries about science and contemporary history . He was educated at Bedford Modern School and studied history at Christ 's College , Cambridge . Russell Barnes worked as a researcher on cult youth programmes A Stab in the Dark and The Word , and also Channel 4 's television review show , Right to Reply . In 2002 , he directed Empire , a revisionist account of British colonial history presented by the Harvard historian Niall Ferguson . A sequel about US power , American Colossus , followed in 2004 . In 2004 Russell Barnes produced Churchill 's Forgotten Years , written and presented by the Cambridge University historian David Reynolds . Barnes and Reynolds went on to collaborate on a series of further feature-length history documentaries for the BBC , including The Improbable Mr Attlee , Summits and Armistice , which charted the final month of the First World War from the German perspective and received special commendation from the jury at the 2009 Grierson Awards ceremony . In 2011 , they produced World War Two : 1941 and the Man of Steel , a new profile of Josef Stalin , which was shortlisted in the Best Historical Documentary category of the 2012 Grierson Awards . This was followed in 2012 by World War Two : 1942 and Hitler 's Soft Underbelly which argued that the war in the Mediterranean became a dark obsession for Winston Churchill , and in 2015 , World War Two : 1945 and the Wheelchair President , examined the impact of Franklin Rooselvelt 's failing health and marriage on his war leadership . Long Shadow , which explored the legacy and meaning of the First World War as part of the BBC 's centenary season of programming , was broadcast on BBC2 in 2014 . The series , which explored the legacy and meaning of the First World War as part of the BBC 's centenary season of programming , received widespread and favourable press coverage and reviews . Russell Barnes started working with the evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in 2005 , directing the series The Root of All Evil ? and The Enemies of Reason , which attracted controversy for their robust advocacy of atheism and rationalist principles . Barnes and Dawkins ' next series The Genius of Charles Darwin , marking the 150th anniversary of On the Origin of Species in 2008 , won Best Documentary series at the 2009 Broadcast Awards . Russell Barnes has produced several films that explore the history of communications technology including , in 2000 , How the Victorians Wired the World and Hackers in Wonderland . In 2009 he was series producer of The Virtual Revolution , a BBC2 history of the World Wide Web presented by Aleks Krotoski . The series won the 2010 International Digital Emmy Award and the 2010 BAFTA New Media Award . In 2010 Barnes founded the independent production company ClearStory Ltd with Molly Milton , where he has produced projects including Richard Dawkins series Sex , Death and the Meaning of Life , the award-winning observational documentary Gypsy Blood and the controversial studio format Sex Box for Channel 4 . Russell Barnes is active in Directors UK , sitting on the organisation 's distribution committee .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659",
"text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8e50128bcbd5d2f49bc495827ef5995c",
"text": "E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial is a 1982 American science fiction fantasy film co-produced and directed by Steven Spielberg , and written by Melissa Mathison . It features special effects by Carlo Rambaldi and Dennis Muren , and stars Henry Thomas , Dee Wallace , Robert MacNaughton , Drew Barrymore , Peter Coyote and Pat Welsh . It tells the story of Elliott ( Thomas ) , a lonely boy who befriends an extraterrestrial , dubbed `` E.T. '' , who is stranded on Earth . He and his siblings help it return home while attempting to keep it hidden from their mother and the government . The concept was based on an imaginary friend Spielberg created after his parents ' divorce in 1960 . In 1980 , Spielberg met Mathison and developed a new story from the stalled sci-fi horror film project Night Skies . It was shot from September to December 1981 in California on a budget of US$ 10.5 million . Unlike most films , it was shot in rough chronological order , to facilitate convincing emotional performances from the young cast . Released on June 11 , 1982 by Universal Pictures , E.T was an immediate blockbuster , surpassing Star Wars to become the highest-grossing film of all time -- a record it held for eleven years until Jurassic Park , another Spielberg-directed film , surpassed it in 1993 . It is the highest-grossing film of the 1980s . Widely regarded as one of the greatest films of all time , critics acclaimed it as a timeless story of friendship , and it ranks as the greatest science fiction film ever made in a Rotten Tomatoes survey . In 1994 , it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as being `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' . It was re-released in 1985 , and then again in 2002 to celebrate its 20th anniversary , with altered shots and additional scenes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "94ded29f9d269a47fe61b513697e62be",
"text": "Robert Russell (English actor) Robert Russell ( 24 May 1936 -- 12 May 2008 ) was an English actor known for a memorable supporting role as John Stearne alongside Vincent Price in the classic British horror film Witchfinder General ( 1968 ) . He was born in Kent , England . His family emigrated to South Africa for 9 years when he was aged 11 . He worked in a gold mine after leaving school . He returned to England and trained as an actor at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art . He then appeared on stage with stars such as Laurence Olivier and Michael Gambon , as a member of the National Theatre touring company . He made numerous appearances on UK television , often playing tough characters and villains due to his imposing stature , including The Avengers , The Sweeney , Space : 1999 , Blake 's 7 and Doctor Who , playing a guard in the serial entitled The Power of the Daleks and a Highland Games Champion , The Caber , in Terror of the Zygons . Some of his other film appearances included Othello ( 1965 ) , The Whisperers ( 1967 ) , Bedazzled ( 1967 ) with Peter Cook and Dudley Moore , Inspector Clouseau ( 1968 ) , The Breaking of Bumbo ( 1970 ) , Man in the Wilderness ( 1971 ) with Richard Harris , Sitting Target ( 1972 ) , Double Exposure ( 1977 ) , Queen of the Blues ( 1979 ) starring Mary Millington , Ivanhoe ( 1982 ) , Oliver Twist ( 1982 ) , and the TV film of The Sign of Four ( 1983 ) . He lived for the last 14 years of his life in Maidenhead , Berkshire and died there of a heart attack at his home aged 71 . * Note : This is from a Public Member Trees search on Ancestry , where the date of death is oddly given as 18 May 2008 ( see discussion ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59",
"text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ab776c8e054188f0657ac63f8105ecf6",
"text": "Film series A film series ( also referred to as a film franchise ) is a collection of related films in succession that share the same fictional universe , or are marketed as a series . Sometimes the work is conceived from the beginning as a multiple-film work , for example the Three Colours series , but in most cases the success of the original film inspires further films to be made . Individual sequels are relatively common , but are not always successful enough to spawn further installments . The Marvel Cinematic Universe is the highest grossing film series in unadjusted US Dollar figures surpassing the Harry Potter , Star Wars , James Bond , and Peter Jackson 's The Lord of the Rings series . However , `` Star Wars '' has the highest when adjusted for inflation .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "38eec96fbaee7708eedd590a23b5cd58",
"text": "Jake Scott (director) Jake Scott ( born 1965 ) is an English film director who works primarily in the field of music videos . Most of his works were produced under the Ridley Scott Associates banner or RSA 's music video subdivision Black Dog Films . He has made videos for Soundgarden , The Smashing Pumpkins , Bush , Live , Blind Melon , Tori Amos , Tricky , Radiohead , Lily Allen , No Doubt , Oasis , The Supernaturals , The Strokes , The Verve , R.E.M. , U2 , and George Michael . In January , 2014 , he oversaw the production , with 21 editors & 15 cinematographers , of the ' 1.24.14 ' film , aired on Apple.com . He was featured in the ` Behind the Scenes ' video . He has also made two feature films , Plunkett & Macleane ( 1999 ) and Welcome to the Rileys ( 2010 ) . He is the son of director Ridley Scott , and nephew of Tony Scott and brother of directors Jordan Scott and Luke Scott . His eldest daughter is model and artist Cuba Tornado Scott .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "62af8f799649205188d2a460ede223d7",
"text": "Rough Magic Rough Magic is a 1995 comedy film directed by Clare Peploe , starring Bridget Fonda and Russell Crowe . It was based on a novel by James Hadley Chase called Miss Shumway Waves a Wand , with the screenplay written by Robert Mundi , William Brookfield , and Clare Peploe .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8b07af07ce20b95a136b0f7a080d719e",
"text": "Say Anything... Say Anything ... is a 1989 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by Cameron Crowe in his directorial debut . The film follows the romance between Lloyd Dobler ( John Cusack ) , an average student , and Diane Court ( Ione Skye ) , the valedictorian , immediately after their graduation from high school . In 2002 , Entertainment Weekly ranked Say Anything ... as the greatest modern movie romance , and it was ranked number 11 on Entertainment Weekly list of the 50 best high-school movies .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e3c1cb2b0e6adf415b46b2ab79cc27e9",
"text": "Proof (1991 film) Proof is a 1991 Australian comedy-drama film written and directed by Jocelyn Moorhouse , and starring Hugo Weaving , Geneviève Picot and Russell Crowe . The film was released in Australia on 15 August 1991 . It was chosen as `` Best Film '' at the 1991 Australian Film Institute Awards , along with 5 other awards , including Moorhouse for `` Best Director '' , Weaving for `` Best Leading Actor '' , and Crowe for `` Best Supporting Actor '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a8678cfd4df9b27b96e6c1cc617019e7",
"text": "Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures Stanley Kubrick : A Life in Pictures is a 2001 documentary about the life and work of Stanley Kubrick , famed film director , made by his long-time assistant and brother-in-law Jan Harlan . Its running time is 142 minutes long , it consists of several 15-minute chapters , each detailing the making of one of his films -- and two more showing his childhood and life . Jan Harlan managed to get many of Kubrick 's collaborators for interviews , including Tom Cruise , Nicole Kidman , Keir Dullea , Arthur C. Clarke , Malcolm McDowell , Peter Ustinov , Jack Nicholson , György Ligeti and Matthew Modine . It also has interviews from film directors who were inspired by Kubrick such as Woody Allen , Steven Spielberg , Martin Scorsese and Sydney Pollack . The film contains some rare footage , including from the Kubrick family home videos and on film sets , and clips from Fear and Desire - Kubrick 's first feature-length film . It was released on DVD on October 23 , 2007 , and was featured on the tenth disc of Stanley Kubrick : The Essential Collection and Stanley Kubrick : Limited Edition Collection DVD and Blu-ray released May 31 , 2011 , respectively . The documentary was also bundled in a box set of some of Kubrick 's other films released January 22 , 2008 . The soundtrack of the film is by composer and musician Jocelyn Pook , who had previously worked with Kubrick on Eyes Wide Shut .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bd4db7db265772d5d5f6b63ae6317315",
"text": "Alexander Payne Alexander Payne ( born Constantine Alexander Payne ; February 10 , 1961 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and producer , known for the films Citizen Ruth ( 1996 ) , Election ( 1999 ) , About Schmidt ( 2002 ) , Sideways ( 2004 ) , The Descendants ( 2011 ) , and Nebraska ( 2013 ) . His films are noted for their dark humor and satirical depictions of contemporary American society . Payne is a two-time winner of the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and a three-time nominee of the Academy Award for Best Director .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
9c5f5610f36629b7d08978fce3f115e5 | Subhash Ghai produced the film Taal. | [
{
"docid": "6550cb8afa7203aaee5a2fcd3acab9e7",
"text": "Taal (film) Taal ( English : Rhythm ) is a 1999 Bollywood musical romantic drama film co written , edited , produced and directed by Subhash Ghai . Taal was an official selection for the 2005 Ebertfest : Roger Ebert 's Film Festival . Taal was screened retrospectively , during the 2014 International Film Festival of India in the Celebrating Dance in Indian cinema section . The film stars Anil Kapoor , Akshaye Khanna , Aishwarya Rai , Amrish Puri and Alok Nath . It was also dubbed in Tamil as Thaalam . It was very successful in India and overseas , becoming the first Indian film to reach the top 20 on Variety 's box office list . Anil Kapoor , A. R. Rahman , Alka Yagnik and Anand Bakshi each won a Filmfare Award for their work in the film .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "3f5e7b4bcc9ed9c0d1ebaf6e3c06934a",
"text": "Taqrar Taqrar is a Bollywood film . It was released in 1944 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "be96cf938a807b718b728aae130c7937",
"text": "S. N. Patankar Shree Nath Patankar ( ? -1941 ) was an Indian producer , director , and cameraman . Referred to as `` one of the early pioneers of Indian Cinema '' , his influence is stated to be equal to that of Dadasaheb Phalke . He was one of a wide range of people who filmed the historic Delhi Durbar in 1911 held for King George V of England . The Durbar was also filmed by Madan and Hiralal Shah , another professional photographer from Bombay . Patankar initially teamed up with V. P. Divekar and A. P. Karandikar , with the renowned freedom fighter and Nationalist leader , Lokmanya Tilak , helping them in getting finance from Bhagwandas Chaturbhuj and Dharamdas Narayandas , two well-established financiers . Their debut production in 1912 , Savitri , directed by Patankar was unsuccessful . The three formed a production company called Patankar Union in 1913 . They produced The Death Of Narayanrao Peshwa also called The Murder Of Narayanrao Peshwa in 1915 , which has been cited as the first historical film of Indian cinema , as well as the mythological Ram Vanvas ( The Exile Of Rama ) ( 1918 ) . Patankar went on to form Patankar Friends and Company with Dwarkadas Sampat who had joined them in 1917 , producing and directing Kach-Devyani ( 1920 ) . He also worked as an actor in films like Mahashweta Kadambari ( 1922 ) , Videhi Janak ( 1923 ) , and Vaman Avatar ( 1923 ) , which were directed by him . In a career-span of fifteen years covering 1912-1926 , he made over forty films . According to Rajadhyaksha and Willemen , Patankar 's `` historicals and mythologicals were among the most professionally made films before the studio era ( pre-1925 ) '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "be3148e952d5fbcbe3b525f02375a171",
"text": "Producers Guild Film Awards The Producers Guild Film Awards ( previously known as the Apsara Film & Television Producers Guild Award ) is an accolade given by the Apsara Producers Guild to recognize excellence in Indian film and television . Originated by filmmaker and scholar Amit Khanna , the Star Guild Awards have been one of the major award events since 2004 . The 22-karat gold statuette was sculpted and designed by the jewellery brand Tanishq and was `` inspired by the rich heritage of one of India 's most treasured possessions - the Ajanta and Ellora Caves . '' Nominations for the awards come from selected members of the guild , with the full membership ( around 160 ) available to vote for the winners . The ballots cast by the guild members are then taken to a common venue for the final counting .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "45f40df34f382cba24a3593883b59d27",
"text": "Buddhadeb Dasgupta Buddhadeb Dasgupta ( Bengali : বুদ্ধদেব দাশগুপ্ত Buddhodeb Dashgupto ) ( born 1944 ) is a poet and prominent contemporary Indian filmmaker , most known for films like Bagh Bahadur , Tahader Katha , Charachar and Uttara . Five of his films have won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film , Bagh Bahadur ( 1989 ) , Charachar ( 1993 ) , Lal Darja ( 1997 ) , Mondo Meyer Upakhyan ( 2002 ) and Kaalpurush ( 2008 ) , while Dooratwa ( 1978 ) and Tahader Katha ( 1993 ) have won the National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Bengali . As a director , he has won National Film Award for Best Direction twice , for Uttara ( 2000 ) and Swapner Din ( 2005 ) . Over the years he has published several works of poetry including Govir Araley , Coffin Kimba Suitcase , Himjog , Chhaata Kahini , Roboter Gaan , Sreshtha Kabita , and Bhomboler Ascharya Kahini O Ananya Kabita '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c4995eb35a49a7a062f0f381b7e88813",
"text": "Vishwanath (1978 film) Vishwanath is a 1978 Indian Bollywood film directed by Subhash Ghai and produced by Pawan Kumar . It stars Shatrughan Sinha and Reena Roy in pivotal roles . The film was remade in Telugu as Lawyer Vishwanath with N. T. Rama Rao .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d8cb78bc1d6b1db891e11bb2acec3776",
"text": "Sohail Khan Sohail Khan ( born 20 December 1969 ) is an Indian film actor , director and producer who works predominantly in Hindi cinema . He is the younger brother of actors Salman Khan and Arbaaz Khan . He produces films under his banner Sohail Khan Productions .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6ec003dd8dddf4ea761b42362ddf1ea9",
"text": "Baburam Dhakal Baburam Dhakal ( born 4 April 1979 ) is a film director active in the Nepali film industry . He has directed several successful Nepali movies , such as Dulahi , 9 O'clock and Parkhi Rakha Hai . Dhakal is also a screenwriter and a producer . Dhakal has been involved in the film industry since 2000 , when he was an assistant director for the TV series Rista , broadcast on Zee TV in India . The first TV series he directed was Nalekhiyeko Saino in 2005 , broadcast on Kantipur Television Network . The first Nepali feature film he directed was Parkhi Rakha Hai in 2009 , produced by Diya Films Pvt. Ltd. . In 2015 , he produced and directed the upcoming Nepali feature film Teen Ghumti .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6de883752bf4f14e7e110044ba5897d9",
"text": "Chehra (2013 film) Crin Chehra is a 2013 Hindi Horror film directed by Amit-Ashish & Deepak K Bajaj and produced by Veena Bajaj & Deepak K Bajaj . The film features Sheetal Pathak , Saheem Khan and Quaiser Jamal as main characters .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1ae4a9b1d7ccc66c5563dd5227675a6c",
"text": "Chal Bhaag Chal Bhaag is a comedy plus action Bollywood movie directed by Prakash Saini and presented under the banner of Alimoh Films . It was produced by Mohammad Zaheer Mehdi , Fatima Zaheer Mehdi , Ali Mehdi and Tamkanat Ali Mehdi.Starring Deepak Dobriyal , Keeya Khanna , Sanjay Mishra ( actor ) , Yashpal Sharma , Mukesh Tiwari among others , it released on 13 June 2014 . It was written by Tarun Bajaj , who also acted in a role .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aaf4f8016582fb872b92e632a7e960e9",
"text": "PK (film) PK is a 2014 Indian satirical science fiction comedy film . The film was directed by Rajkumar Hirani , produced by Hirani and Vidhu Vinod Chopra , and written by Hirani and Abhijat Joshi . The film stars Aamir Khan in the title role with Anushka Sharma , Sushant Singh Rajput , Boman Irani , Saurabh Shukla , and Sanjay Dutt in supporting roles . It tells the story of an alien who comes to Earth on a research mission . He befriends a television journalist and questions religious dogmas and superstitions . The film received positive reviews and emerged as the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time , and ranks as the 70th highest-grossing film of 2014 worldwide . The film has been regarded as one of the best Hindi films of 2014 . It is currently the 3rd highest-grossing Indian film of all time only behind Baahubali 2 : The Conclusion and Dangal ( film ) . PK is the first Indian film to gross 7 billion worldwide . It is also the first Indian film to gross US$ 100 million ( Rs 630 crore ) worldwide .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f9dc787e61073b327b95f6fa4e2b867f",
"text": "Ravi Tandon Ravi Tandon ( रवि टंडन 17 February 1935 is a film director/producer of Indian film industry . He directed a number of hit movies of Bollywood , the most popular among these are Khel Khel Mein ( 1975 ) , Anhonee , Jawaab , Majboor and Khud-Daar ( 1982 ) . Tandon was born in a Punjabi Family in Agra , Uttar Pradesh , India . He is the father of Bollywood actress Raveena Tandon .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d95ece2e505bd1dd60cf77a67ba9c98f",
"text": "Taharpur, Thane Taharpur is a village in Thane district of Maharashtra State , India . It is a very old village with a cultural and religious history . The villages near to Taharpur are Aghai which is probably bigger in size of Taharpur .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "037a57806044297c60065a4c919a1600",
"text": "Tehsil A tehsil ( also known as a mandal , taluk , taluq or taluka ) is an administrative division of some countries of South Asia . It is an area of land with a city or town that serves as its administrative centre , with possible additional towns , and usually a number of villages . The terms in India have replaced earlier geographical terms , such as pargana , pergunnah and thannah , used under the Delhi Sultanate and the British Raj . As an entity of local government , the tehsil office ( Panchayat Samiti ) exercises certain fiscal and administrative power over the villages and municipalities within its jurisdiction . It is the ultimate executive agency for land records and related administrative matters . The chief official is called the tahsildar or , less officially , the talukdar or taluka muktiarkar or Tehsildar . Taluk or Tehsil can be said sub districts in Indian ( Bharat ) context . In some instances , Tehsils overlap with `` Blocks '' ( Panchayat union blocks or Panchayat development blocks ) , Tehsil comes under the Land and Revenue department headed by Tehsildar and Blocks come under the Rural development department headed by the Block Development Officer and serve the different government administrative function over the same or similar geographical area . Although they may on occasion share the same area with a subdivision of a revenue divisions , known as revenue blocks , the two are distinct . For example , Raipur district in Chhattisgarh state is administratively divided into 13 tehsils and 15 revenue blocks . Nevertheless , the two are often conflated . Tehsil/tahsil and taluka and their variants are used as English words without further translation . Since these terms are unfamiliar to English speakers outside the subcontinent , the word county has sometimes been provided as a gloss , on the basis that a tehsil , like a county , is an administrative unit hierarchically above the local city , town , or village , but subordinate to a larger state or province . India and Pakistan have an intermediate level of hierarchy ( or more than one , at least in parts of India ) : the district , also sometimes translated as county . In neither case is the analogy very exact .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "651d91b4ea641fc129c3632eb00e0027",
"text": "Thaala Thaala is a 1988 Indian Malayalam film , directed by Babu Radhakrishnan and produced by KS Balakrishnan and PK Raveendran . The film stars Ashokan , Saari , Prathapachandran and Lalithasree in lead roles . The film had musical score by Vaippin Surendran .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "36a008394a7dc7518fcf9249ee77a835",
"text": "Aaghaat Aaghat is a 2010 Marathi film directed by veteran movie and stage actor Vikram Gokhale . Produced by Sprint Arts Creations Pvt. Ltd. and producers Mohan Damle , Sanjay Sathaye and Shriram Dandekar , the film is based on a story written by Dr Nitin Lavangare . The cast of the film includes actors Vikram Gokhale , Mukta Barve , Kadambari Kadam and Dr Amol Kolhe . The film was shot in Pune and was released in theatres on 24 December 2010 . The film deals with the bureaucratic structure in major private hospitals , the administration 's approach towards patients and their relatives and ego issues of reputed medical practitioners .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "95e207644d8ce46ff486e64c381ddb8f",
"text": "Nastik (1954 film) Nastik ( The Atheist ) is a 1954 Hindi social crime drama film written and directed by I. S. Johar . It was produced by Filmistan Ltd. under the Shashadhar Mukherjee Productions banner . Its cinematographer was Dronacharya , and the choreography was by the Indian classical dancer Lachhu Maharaj and Narendra Sharma . The dialogues were by Mrs. Ramma Johar . C. Ramchandra composed the music while the lyricist was Kavi Pradeep . Known for his `` patriotic '' lyrics , Pradeep 's `` immortal '' song `` Dekh Tere Sansar Ki Haalat Kya Ho Gayi Bhagwan '' ( See What Your World Has Come To , God ) sung by him , remains popular . The film starred Nalini Jaywant , Ajit , Raj Mehra , Ulhas , Mehmood and Roopmala . The film was dubbed into Tamil and released in 1962 as Madadhipathi Magal . Dialogues and lyrics were written by Ku . Ma . Balasubramaniam . The film is set against the back drop of Partition with its ensuing riots and violence , and using actual footage of refugees . The story is about a man who loses his faith in God when his parents are killed in the rioting , and his brother and sister die as refugees when the priest refuses to help them . He sets out to avenge his siblings ' death .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aeae9a32656b3843d5450e9a0bd392ad",
"text": "I (film) I ( also known as Shankar 's I ) is a 2015 Indian Tamil-language romantic thriller film written and directed by Shankar and co-written by Subha . Produced and distributed by V. Ravichandran under his production company , Aascar Films , the film features Vikram and Amy Jackson in lead roles while Suresh Gopi , Upen Patel , Santhanam and Ramkumar Ganesan portray pivotal roles . The soundtrack and film score were composed by A. R. Rahman . Production design was handled by T. Muthuraj . P. C. Sreeram was the film 's cinematographer and editing was done by Anthony . The visual effects were designed by V. Srinivas Mohan through Rising Sun Pictures . Weta Workshop had worked on the digital and prosthetic make-up and background arts for the film . Principal photography commenced on 15 July 2012 . The filming lasted for two years and eight months , during which shooting was done extensively in China . Further schedules were filmed in locations in Chennai , Bangkok , Jodhpur , Kodaikanal , Pollachi , Bangalore and Mysore . The film was dubbed and released in Telugu and Hindi along with the Tamil version . The film , released on Pongal 2015 , tells the story of a body builder turned supermodel , played by Vikram , who after being deformed , exacts revenge upon those who were responsible for his predicament . Critics praised Vikram 's performance , the technical aspects of the film - especially the costume design and makeup , and A.R. Rahman 's soundtrack and score but criticised the ` wafer-thin ' writing and screenplay and the film 's excessive length ( 188 minutes ) . However , the film was a commercial success , grossing worldwide , becoming the fourth-highest grossing Tamil film and Vikram 's highest-grossing film at the time . Vikram won the Filmfare Award for Best Actor -- Tamil for the movie .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "baa494674873544a7009fe5d3ed107fd",
"text": "Maleeka R Ghai Maleeka R Ghai is an Indian actress .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9c4c6f961baf6c670c8d803e0e233f82",
"text": "Khilaaf Khilaaf is a 1991 Indian Bollywood film directed by Rajeev Nagpal and produced by Anil Tarika . It stars Chunky Pandey and Madhuri Dixit in pivotal roles .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d3598db88f920774ba6d7e1ee6d22843",
"text": "Bhai Amar Bhai Bhai Amar Bhai is a 1996 Blockbuster Bengali film directed by Swapan Saha and produced by Shree Venkatesh Films under the banner of Shree Venkatesh Films . The film features actors Prosenjit Chatterjee , Chiranjit Chakraborty , Abhishek Chatterjee , Anushree Das , Subhendu Chatterjee , Rozina in the lead roles . Music of the film has been composed by Anupam Dutta .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
41c41c57bf2840230365014a6848e5d8 | Kate Beckinsale was a student in 1993 at the University of Oxford. | [
{
"docid": "657686d6f4d8a49921881b6ed4ef214b",
"text": "Kate Beckinsale Kathrin Romary Beckinsale ( born 26 July 1973 ) is an English actress . After some minor television roles , she made her film debut in Much Ado About Nothing ( 1993 ) while still a student at the University of Oxford . She then appeared in British costume dramas such as Prince of Jutland ( 1994 ) , Cold Comfort Farm ( 1995 ) , Emma ( 1996 ) , and The Golden Bowl ( 2000 ) , in addition to various stage and radio productions . She began to seek film work in the United States in the late 1990s and , after appearing in small-scale dramas The Last Days of Disco ( 1998 ) and Brokedown Palace ( 1999 ) , she had starring roles in the war drama Pearl Harbor and the romantic comedy Serendipity . She followed those with appearances in The Aviator ( 2004 ) and Click ( 2006 ) . Since being cast as Selene in the Underworld film series ( 2003-present ) , Beckinsale has become known primarily for her work in action films , including Van Helsing ( 2004 ) , Whiteout ( 2009 ) , Contraband ( 2012 ) , and Total Recall ( 2012 ) . She also continues to make appearances in smaller dramatic projects such as Snow Angels ( 2007 ) , Nothing but the Truth ( 2008 ) , and Everybody 's Fine ( 2009 ) . In 2016 , she appeared in Whit Stillman 's Jane Austen comedy Love & Friendship .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "ffc119bb80f7aec1afd5761ba3e6ec6c",
"text": "Queen Mary University of London Queen Mary University of London ( QMUL ) is a public research university in London , England , and a constituent college of the federal University of London . It dates back to the foundation of London Hospital Medical College in 1785 . Queen Mary College , named after Mary of Teck , was admitted to the University of London in 1915 and in 1989 merged with Westfield College to form Queen Mary and Westfield College . In 1995 Queen Mary and Westfield College merged with St Bartholomew 's Hospital Medical College and the London Hospital Medical College to form the School of Medicine and Dentistry . Its main campus is in the Mile End area of Tower Hamlets , with other campuses in Holborn , Smithfield and Whitechapel . In 2015/16 it had 17,140 students and 4,000 staff . Queen Mary is organised into three faculties -- the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences , the Faculty of Science and Engineering and Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry -- within which there are 21 academic departments and institutes . Queen Mary is a member of the Russell Group of leading British research universities , the Association of Commonwealth Universities and Universities UK . Queen Mary is a major centre for medical teaching and research and is part of UCL Partners , the world 's largest academic health science centre . It has a strategic partnership with the University of Warwick , including research collaboration and joint teaching of English , history and computer science undergraduates . Queen Mary also collaborates with Royal Holloway , University of London , to run programmes at the University of London Institute in Paris . For 2015-16 , Queen Mary had a turnover of # 404.3 million , including # 101.0 million from research grants and contracts . Times Higher Education has ranked Queen Mary equal 46th in a ranking of European universities . In Times Higher Education Best universities in the UK 2017 , it has been ranked 15th . Queen Mary is ranked in the top 5 universities in London in the Complete University Guide 2017 League Table . The Guardian ranks Queen Mary in the University league tables 2017 1st for Media & Film Studies , 2nd for Medicine in the UK and 1st in London for Medicine , 3rd in the UK for Dentistry and 1st in London for Dentistry , 9th for History in the UK and 3rd for History in London , 5th for Law in the UK and 3rd in London for Law . There are seven Nobel Laureates amongst Queen Mary 's alumni and current and former staff .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f78cedcf593f49f71f2cc4b812f896ed",
"text": "Michael R. Ayers Michael Richard Ayers , FBA ( born 1935 ) is a British philosopher and professor emeritus of philosophy at the University of Oxford . He studied at St. John 's College of the University of Cambridge , and was a member of Wadham College , Oxford from 1965 until 2002 . Among his students are Colin McGinn and William Child .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b02ba281e81c59683ba27dbb2483b28b",
"text": "Peter Williams (physicist) Sir Peter Michael Williams , CBE , FRS , FREng ( born 22 March 1945 ) is a British physicist . Williams completed his first degree and PhD with thesis titled Defect structure and luminescent properties of semiconductors at the University of Cambridge , and began an academic career at Selwyn College . He then moved to industry and worked first at VG Instruments and later Oxford Instruments . He was chairman of Oxford Instruments from 1991 until his retirement in 1999 . Sir Peter is currently Chairman of the National Physical Laboratory and Vice President and Treasurer of the Royal Society . He was previously Master of St Catherine 's College , Oxford ( 2000 -- 2002 ) , President of the Institute of Physics ( 2000 -- 2002 ) , President of the British Association for the Advancement of Science ( 2002 -- 2003 ) and Chairman of the UK 's Engineering and Technology Board ( 2001 -- 2006 ) . He has been a member of the Interacademy Council 's Committee to Review the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that reported in August 2010 . He was elected as Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering in 1996 . He received the CBE in 1992 and was knighted in the Queen 's Birthday Honours list of 1998 . He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in May 1999 . In 2005 Williams became the fifth chancellor of the University of Leicester . He was also appointed patron for research at Marie Curie Cancer Care . He retired from this position in 2010 . In 2015 Williams joined the board of Kromek an innovative British tech company making detectors for the medical , security and nuclear sectors .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "63e220988e131b3fa5b2c24bc88a926b",
"text": "Worcester College, Oxford Worcester College -LSB- ˈwʊstər -RSB- is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . The college was founded in 1714 by the benefaction of Sir Thomas Cookes , a Worcestershire baronet , with the college gaining its name from the county of Worcestershire . Its predecessor , Gloucester College , had been an institution of learning on the same site since the late 13th century until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539 . , Worcester had a financial endowment of # 16.7 million . Notable alumni of the college include the media mogul Rupert Murdoch , television producer and screenwriter Russell T Davies , US Supreme Court justice Elena Kagan , actress Emma Watson and novelist Richard Adams .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "298c20f2d00e776d86a4e4195af6f44e",
"text": "European Business School London European Business School London ( EBS London ) is a private Business School in Regent 's Park in Central London . It is UK 's oldest private business school and a constituent school of Regent 's University London . EBS London offers a wide range of courses in the field of International Business Management and has a strong focus on Banking and Finance , which is also reflected by the fact that a third of its graduates pursue a career in that field . EBS London is now the business faculty of Regent 's University London . Besides its focus on teaching excellence , the university has a long-standing commitment to research and offers a great variety of research degrees such as Mphil and PhD degrees . Around 900 students from over 85 nationalities make the faculty highly international . It also has as strong focus on languages , with 70 % of its graduates being fluent in at least four languages . EBS has a strong representation of all nations especially Russian , Spanish , Italian and French .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9e8ff483eaaf00bcc155906f25aa7ebb",
"text": "Christmas University Challenge Christmas University Challenge '' is a British quiz programme which has aired on BBC Two since 2011 . It is a spin-off from University Challenge and features noteworthy alumni from British universities competing in the same format as the parent show . The current holders are St Hilda 's College , Oxford , who won the 2016 edition .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "988195594b68d0fe15d523b21f8a9a49",
"text": "Oxbridge Oxbridge is a portmanteau ( composite word ) of `` Oxford '' and `` Cambridge '' , both elite universities in the United Kingdom . The term is used to refer to them collectively , both in contrast to other British universities and more broadly to describe characteristics reminiscent of University of Oxford and University of Cambridge , often with implications of superior social or intellectual status .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "64a19611a5ce153d31f4e3bb9ed15d72",
"text": "The Secret Garden (1993 film) The Secret Garden is a 1993 British drama fantasy film directed by Agnieszka Holland and starring Kate Maberly , Heydon Prowse , Andrew Knott , John Lynch and Maggie Smith . It was written by Caroline Thompson and based on the novel of the same name by Frances Hodgson Burnett . There are two previous film adaptations : a 1949 US drama film ; and the screen adaptation as a silent version filmed in 1919 , which starred Lila Lee and Spottiswoode Aitken .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "34aa2c500432cd71d2b1be26a47427b4",
"text": "Christ Church, Oxford Christ Church ( Ædes Christi , the temple or house , aedes , of Christ , and thus sometimes known as `` The House '' ) is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England . The college is associated with Christ Church Cathedral , Oxford , which serves as the college chapel and whose dean is ex officio the college head . It is the second wealthiest Oxford college by financial endowment ( after St John 's ) with an endowment of # 436m . Christ Church has produced thirteen British prime ministers , more than any other Oxbridge college . The college was the setting for parts of Evelyn Waugh 's Brideshead Revisited , as well as a small part of Lewis Carroll 's Alice 's Adventures in Wonderland . More recently it has been used in the filming of the movies of J. K. Rowling 's Harry Potter series and also the film adaptation of Philip Pullman 's novel Northern Lights ( the film bearing the title of the American edition of the book , The Golden Compass ) . Distinctive features of the college 's architecture have been used as models by a number of other academic institutions , including the National University of Ireland , Galway , which reproduces Tom Quad . The University of Chicago and Cornell University both have reproductions of Christ Church 's dining hall ( in the forms of Hutchinson Hall and the dining hall of Risley Residential College , respectively ) . ChristChurch Cathedral in New Zealand , after which the City of Christchurch is named , is itself named after Christ Church , Oxford . Stained glass windows in the cathedral and other buildings are by the Pre-Raphaelite William Morris group with designs by Edward Burne-Jones . Christ Church is also partly responsible for the creation of University College Reading , which later gained its own Royal Charter and became the University of Reading . The first female undergraduates matriculated at Christ Church in 1980 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e2a20a64e67fbb9be4fac40cd2e42939",
"text": "University House, University of Birmingham Originally a hall of residence at the University of Birmingham , University House became the home for the university 's business school in 2004 after having been extensively refurbished and extended to provide teaching and research facilities . It is located in grounds in the conservation area of Edgbaston , Birmingham . The name ` University House ' was originally given to a building on Hagley Road in 1908 . The present building was constructed in 1912 as a residence for female students at the university . In 1964 , the hall became one of the UK 's first mixed-sex university residences . It remained so until its closure as a residence in July 2002 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "67f23e44e0b142fac26c6cecbdde80a8",
"text": "St Aldate's, Oxford St Aldate 's -LSB- ˈɔːldeɪts -RSB- is a street in central Oxford , England . It is named after Saint Aldate of whom little is known , although it has also been suggested that the name is a corruption of ` old gate ' , referring to the south gate in the former city walls . St Aldate 's Church is on the west side of the street , in Pembroke Square . A former name for St Aldate 's is Fish Street . The street runs south from the generally acknowledged centre of Oxford at Carfax . The Town Hall , which includes the Museum of Oxford , is on the east side of the street . Christ Church , with its imposing Tom Tower , faces the east end of St Aldate 's , while Pembroke College ( on Pembroke Square ) faces its west end . Other adjoining streets include Blue Boar Street to the east side and Pembroke Street , Pembroke Square , Brewer Street , Rose Place , and Speedwell Street to the west . Opposite Christ Church is Alice 's Shop , formerly frequented by Alice Liddell , and the model for the Sheep Shop in the `` Wool and Water '' chapter in Through the Looking-Glass . South of Christ Church is an entrance to Christ Church Meadow and , still on the east side , the University of Oxford 's Faculty of Music , containing the Bate Collection of Musical Instruments ; the building was opened in 1936 for St Catherine 's Society . Oxford 's police station ( designed in 1936 by H. F. Hurcombe , the City Estates Surveyor , and the Crown and County Court opposite precede a junction with Thames Street to the west . ( The police station was featured in the Inspector Morse television series . ) After Folly Bridge over the River Thames or Isis , St Aldate 's becomes Abingdon Road ( A4144 ) , leading directly south out of the city of Oxford towards the Oxford Ring Road and the villages of Kennington & Radley and the town of Abingdon .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5cb1d6ff8c210849f8e2c6ee6720752b",
"text": "Stuart Shilson Stuart James Shilson LVO ( born 1963 ) , was the Assistant Private Secretary to The Queen in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom from 2001 until 2004 , before returning to management consultants McKinsey & Company , where he formerly worked . Previously he had worked for five years as a commercial barrister and for one year on secondment from McKinsey to the Cabinet Office from 1999 . Shilson is now a director of McKinsey in London . Educated at Balliol College , Oxford , Shilson graduated with a first class degree in Mathematics and Philosophy , before pursuing further studies in Computer Science , receiving an MSc degree from Oxford , and in Law and Criminal Justice ( MPhil ( Cantab ) ) . Shilson was elected a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society ( FRGS ) in 1989 and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts ( FRSA ) in 1996 . A liveryman of the Drapers ' Company , Shilson also serves as Sub Prior of the Most Venerable Order of Saint John .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6c914a0cc916f00158733fd78619857e",
"text": "List of mathematicians, physicians, and scientists educated at Jesus College, Oxford Jesus College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England . The college was founded in 1571 by Queen Elizabeth I at the request of Hugh Price , a Welsh clergyman , who was Treasurer of St David 's Cathedral in Pembrokeshire . The college still has strong links with Wales , and about 15 % of students are Welsh . There are 340 undergraduates and 190 students carrying out postgraduate studies . Women have been admitted since 1974 , when the college was one of the first five men 's colleges to become co-educational . Old members of Jesus College are sometimes known as `` Jesubites '' . Mathematicians who have studied at Jesus College include Nigel Hitchin ( Savilian Professor of Geometry at Oxford since 1997 ) , Jonathan Borwein ( a former Rhodes Scholar who has held professorial appointments in Canada and Australia ) , and Jim Mauldon ( who taught at Oxford before moving to the United States to teach at Amherst College in Massachusetts ) . David E. Evans is Professor of Mathematics at Cardiff University , and H. W. Lloyd Tanner was Professor of Mathematics and Astronomy at one of its predecessor institutions , the University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire . Several noted individuals from biology , botany and zoology were educated at the college , including the Welsh clergyman Hugh Davies ( whose Welsh Botanology of 1813 was the first publication to cross-reference the Welsh-language and the scientific names of plants ) , Edward Bagnall Poulton ( Professor of Zoology at Oxford ) and James Brontë Gatenby ( Professor of Zoology at Trinity College , Dublin ) . Frank Greenaway was Keeper of the Department of Chemistry at the Science Museum in London for over 20 years , and the physicist Chris Rapley was director of the museum 2007 -- 10 . Other physicists who are Old Members of the college include Michael Woolfson ( a former Professor of Physics at the University of York ) and Edward Hinds ( whose work on ultra-cold matter won him the Rumford Medal of the Royal Society in 2008 ) . Edwin Stevens , who studied Natural Science at the college , designed the world 's first wearable hearing aid , and Sir Graham Sutton became director-general of the Meteorological Office ( ` Met Office ' ) . The college had its own science laboratories from 1907 to 1947 , which were overseen ( for all but the last three years ) by the physical chemist David Chapman , a Fellow of the college from 1907 to 1944 . At the time of their closure , they were the last college-based science laboratories at the university . They were named the Sir Leoline Jenkins laboratories , after a former principal of the college . Scientific research and tuition ( particularly in chemistry ) became an important part of the college 's academic life after the construction of the laboratories . The brochure produced for the opening ceremony noted that the number of science students at the college had increased rapidly in recent years , and that provision of college laboratories would assist the tuition of undergraduates , as well as attracting to Jesus College those graduates of the University of Wales who wished to continue their research at Oxford . One of the college science lecturers had a link with Imperial Chemical Industries ( ICI ) ; 17 students joined ICI between the two World Wars , some of whom ( such as John Rose ) reached senior levels in the company . The laboratories became unnecessary when the university began to provide centralised facilities for students , and they were closed in 1947 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9baaff2be7a370de21e0a1c491e4c1ea",
"text": "George Percy, Earl Percy George Dominic Percy , Earl Percy ( born 4 May 1984 ) , is the heir apparent to the Dukedom of Northumberland . Percy was born as the second child and elder son of the Duke and Duchess of Northumberland . He became heir apparent to the dukedom in 1995 , when his uncle Henry , 11th Duke of Northumberland , died . Percy 's parents , now Duke and Duchess of Northumberland , were eager to protect him from `` vices and pitfalls '' , and filed a lawsuit to prevent him from inheriting # 1 million and a # 250,000 annual income upon turning 18 . In 1999 , they succeeded in delaying the inheritance , which Lord Percy received at the age of 25 . George Percy is also set to inherit Alnwick Castle , famously known as Hogwarts ' School of Witchcraft and Wizardry in the Harry Potter films . He served as a Page of Honour to Queen Elizabeth II from 1996 to 1998 . He is also a direct descendant of Charles II of England through multiple descents . Earl Percy was educated at Eton College , and studied geography at the University of Edinburgh , specialising in sustainable development and renewable energy . He graduated in 2008 , having shared a house with Pippa Middleton , with whom he has been linked since . Percy studied Arabic language at the University of Damascus , and later worked in Abu Dhabi . He is the managing director of energy company Cluff Geothermal with Paul Younger . As old family friends , Lord Percy and his family attended the wedding of Middleton 's sister Catherine and Prince William , Duke of Cambridge , in 2011 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "52ffa8ad53b7624ccb43c04cd78b9e06",
"text": "British Shakespeare Association The British Shakespeare Association is a professional association of teachers , researchers , theatre practitioners , community workers and other professions who work with the plays of William Shakespeare . Since its foundation in 2002 the BSA has run six international conferences : at De Montfort University , Leicester , at Newcastle University , at the University of Warwick , at King 's College London , at Lancaster University and at the University of Stirling . The BSA 's patron is Dame Judi Dench . The British Shakespeare Association has its own journal , Shakespeare , which is published four times a year online and once a year in print .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8b30a8e3d70de99266760c4011ab6b48",
"text": "Radcliffe Square Radcliffe Square is a square in central Oxford , England . It is surrounded by historic Oxford University and college buildings . The square is cobbled , laid to grass surrounded by railings in the centre , and is pedestrianised except for access . The square is named after John Radcliffe , a student of the university who became doctor to the King , made a large fortune , and left a significant legacy to the University and his college ( University College ) , which is nearby in the High Street to the south . The centrepiece of the square is the circular and imposing Radcliffe Camera , a library ( originally for science ) paid for by John Radcliffe 's legacy , built 1737 -- 48 . This is part of the Bodleian Library , the main building of which is situated immediately to the north of the square . The two are connected by an underground tunnel and there are many books stored under the square ( with space for around 600,000 volumes ) . These books may be requested by readers . There used to be a small underground railway to transport books between the Radcliffe Camera and the main Bodleian site . To the west is Brasenose College , one of Oxford 's older colleges . To the east is All Souls College , which only has fellows and no students , and is thus largely dedicated to research . A good view can be had through the gate leading to the square , since although these are normally locked , they consist of metal railings . The eastern side of the square forms part of Catte Street . At the southern side of the square is the University Church of St Mary the Virgin , with its tall spire . This is the official church of Oxford University and is where the Oxford Martyrs were tried for heresy . A good view of Radcliffe Square and the rest of central Oxford is available from the tower , which is open to the public for a charge . The square is widely regarded as the most beautiful in Oxford , and is very popular with tourists . There are no modern buildings to be seen , so it is also used as a setting for period films ( e.g. , Young Sherlock Holmes , in which Brasenose featured as Sherlock Holmes ' college ) . The square was also part of the venue for the Brasenose Quincentenary Ball in 2009 which celebrated 500 years of the college .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9bcdc447b6480ab253ed3ed6b5aff4a4",
"text": "Tokyo Seitoku University is a private university in Kita , Tokyo , Japan , established in 1993 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c87422372399926f6f185b6dc86adf4b",
"text": "June Thoburn June Thoburn CBE FRSA ( born 17 May 1939 ) is an Emeritus Professor in the School of Social Work at the University of East Anglia . She was educated at Balshaws Grammar School the University of Reading ( BA , French ) , the University of Oxford , and the University of East Anglia ( MSW , 1988 ) . She qualified as a Social Worker in 1963 and joined the University of East Anglia as a Lecturer in Social Work in 1979 . She was made a CBE in the 2002 Birthday Honours , and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5bf5c20c537428a36284ca7a3c86f270",
"text": "University of Melbourne The University of Melbourne ( informally Melbourne University ) is a public research university located in Melbourne , Australia . Founded in 1853 , it is Australia 's second oldest university and the oldest in Victoria . Times Higher Education ranks Melbourne as 33rd in the world , while the Academic Ranking of World Universities places Melbourne 40th in the world ( both first in Australia ) . Melbourne 's main campus is located in Parkville , an inner suburb north of the Melbourne central business district , with several other campuses located across Victoria . Melbourne is a sandstone university and a member of the Group of Eight , Universitas 21 and the Association of Pacific Rim Universities . Since 1872 various residential colleges have become affiliated with the university . There are 12 colleges located on the main campus and in nearby suburbs offering academic , sporting and cultural programs alongside accommodation for Melbourne students and faculty . Melbourne comprises 11 separate academic units and is associated with numerous institutes and research centres , including the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research , Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health , the Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research and the Grattan Institute . Amongst Melbourne 's 15 graduate schools the Melbourne Business School , the Melbourne Law School and the Melbourne Medical School are particularly well regarded . Four Australian prime ministers and five governors-general have graduated from Melbourne . Nine Nobel laureates have been students or faculty , the most of any Australian university .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8f1c436c5df764d5af9507f030cb30d2",
"text": "Lincoln Ralphs Sir Frederick Lincoln Ralphs ( 17 February 1909 -- 16 October 1978 ) was a British education officer and student activist . Ralphs was born in Wellington , Shropshire , to a Methodist family who had been victimised for their involvement with trade unions . They moved to Sheffield while Ralph was young , and he attended Firth Park Grammar School and the University of Sheffield , where he graduated in both science and in law . While there , he became involved with the National Union of Students ( NUS ) , and served as President of the NUS from 1934 to 1936 . From 1937 to 1938 , he was also President of the International Confederation of Students . In 1938 , Ralphs married Enid Mary Cowlin , Vice-President of the NUS , who later became a lecturer and held many prominent offices in Norfolk , the couple moving to Norwich in 1946 . Appointed as Deputy Education Officer for Norfolk , one of his first jobs was writing a document calling for the creation of a university in the county ; this was eventually founded as the University of East Anglia . In 1950 , Ralphs was promoted to become Chief Education Officer for the county , and he served in the position until 1974 . In this role , he opposed the creation of the Open University , but was active in the Schools Broadcasting Council , and in 1969 , he also became chairman of the Further Education Advisory Council . He was the key figure behind the establishment of Wymondham College in 1951 . A lay preacher , Ralphs also served as President of the National Sunday School Union . In the 1973 Birthday Honours , Ralphs was made a Knight Bachelor .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
e5775c3be1068f585d8d091d3d2ba015 | James Nesbitt portayed a role created for him by Colin Bateman. | [
{
"docid": "c87a6ca762094135d45c09bf53849bbe",
"text": "James Nesbitt William James Nesbitt , ( born 15 January 1965 ) is an actor and presenter from Northern Ireland . Born in Ballymena , County Antrim , Nesbitt grew up in the nearby village of Broughshane , before moving to Coleraine , County Londonderry . He wanted to become a teacher like his father , so he began a degree in French at the University of Ulster . He dropped out after a year when he decided to become an actor , and transferred to the Central School of Speech and Drama in London . After graduating in 1987 , he spent seven years performing in plays that varied from the musical Up on the Roof ( 1987 , 1989 ) to the political drama Paddywack ( 1994 ) . He made his feature film debut playing talent agent Fintan O'Donnell in Hear My Song ( 1991 ) . Nesbitt got his breakthrough television role playing Adam Williams in the romantic comedy-drama Cold Feet ( 1998 -- 2003 ) , which won him a British Comedy Award , a Television and Radio Industries Club Award , and a National Television Award . His first significant film role came when he appeared as pig farmer `` Pig '' Finn in Waking Ned ( 1998 ) . With the rest of the starring cast , Nesbitt was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award . In Lucky Break ( 2001 ) , he made his debut as a film lead , playing prisoner Jimmy Hands . The next year , he played Ivan Cooper in the television film Bloody Sunday , about the 1972 shootings in Derry . A departure from his previous `` cheeky chappie '' roles , the film was a turning point in his career . He won a British Independent Film Award and was nominated for the British Academy Television Award for Best Actor . Nesbitt has also starred in Murphy 's Law ( 2001 -- 2007 ) as undercover detective Tommy Murphy , in a role that was created for him by writer Colin Bateman . The role twice gained Nesbitt Best Actor nominations at the Irish Film & Television Awards ( IFTA ) . In 2007 , he starred in the dual role of Tom Jackman and Mr Hyde in Steven Moffat 's Jekyll , which earned him a Golden Globe Award nomination in 2008 . Nesbitt has since appeared in several more dramatic roles ; he starred alongside Liam Neeson in Five Minutes of Heaven ( 2009 ) , and was one of three lead actors in the television miniseries Occupation ( 2009 ) . He also starred in the movies Outcast ( 2010 ) and The Way ( 2010 ) . He portrayed Bofur in Peter Jackson 's The Hobbit film series ( 2012-2014 ) . In 2014 , Nesbitt starred in the lead role as the father character Tony Hughes in the acclaim BBC One drama series The Missing . Nesbitt was married to former actress Sonia Forbes-Adam , with whom he has two daughters . He is an advocate of numerous charities , and in 2010 he accepted the ceremonial position of Chancellor of the University of Ulster .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "65205111ca55438fbfe3402c00b9415d",
"text": "Colin Bateman Colin Bateman ( known mononymously as Bateman ) is a novelist , screenwriter and former journalist from Bangor , County Down , Northern Ireland .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "62a76004cc7c2110bf799438186bc5b9",
"text": "James Bond The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming , who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections . Since Fleming 's death in 1964 , eight other authors have written authorised Bond novels or novelizations : Kingsley Amis , Christopher Wood , John Gardner , Raymond Benson , Sebastian Faulks , Jeffery Deaver , William Boyd and Anthony Horowitz . The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz , published in September 2015 . Additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond , and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character , Moneypenny . The character has also been adapted for television , radio , comic strip , video games and film . The films are the longest continually running film series of all time and have grossed over $ 7.040 billion in total , making it the fourth-highest-grossing film series to date , which started in 1962 with Dr. No , starring Sean Connery as Bond . As of , there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series . The most recent Bond film , Spectre ( 2015 ) , stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond ; he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series . There have also been two independent productions of Bond films : Casino Royale ( a 1967 spoof ) and Never Say Never Again ( a 1983 remake of an earlier Eon-produced film , Thunderball ) . In 2015 , the franchise was estimated to be worth $ 19.9 billion , making James Bond one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . The Bond films are renowned for a number of features , including the musical accompaniment , with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions , and two wins . Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bond 's cars , his guns , and the gadgets with which he is supplied by Q Branch . The films are also noted for Bond 's relationships with various women , who are sometimes referred to as `` Bond girls '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "769b58c3f85120b33ad3867830f808ab",
"text": "For Your Eyes Only (soundtrack) For Your Eyes Only is the soundtrack for the 12th James Bond film of the same name . The theme song was written by Bill Conti ( music ) and Michael Leeson ( lyrics ) , and performed by Sheena Easton . The song was later nominated for both an Academy Award and Golden Globe in 1982 . Easton also made Bond film history as the first ( and , to date , only ) artist to perform the theme song on-screen during the opening title sequence . Originally , the band Blondie was approached to write and perform the theme song for the film . They produced a song also called For Your Eyes Only that they turned in to the producers , however , this was rejected because the company wanted the Conti song and the band refused , and subsequently asked Easton to record an entirely new theme . Blondie eventually released their song on the 1982 album The Hunter . The track Make It Last All Night , performed by Rage and used for the scene at hitman Gonzales ' Spanish poolside , is notable for lyrics more suggestive than in almost any other Bond film . The soundtrack was composed by Bill Conti , since the series ' regular composer , John Barry , was unable to work in the UK for tax reasons ( he , like many high earning Britons , had become a tax exile in the 1970s ) . Barry had recommended Conti as a possible alternative . Conti 's score is notable for its use of disco elements ( which prompted Danny Biederman to write in the liner notes to the two-CD releaseThe Best of James Bond : 30th Anniversary Limited Edition , `` Conti 's largely disco-styled score feels more like a celebration of the music of the moment than a score of durability '' ) . During the main ski chase sequence ( the track Runaway ) , Conti showed that he had versed himself in the previous Bond films ' music , as his manages to evoke memories of the music from previous ski action in both OHMSS and The Spy Who Loved Me . This , Conti 's only contribution to the series to date , was released as an album concurrent with the film 's release and later on a bootleg compact disc in combination with John Barry 's music from Octopussy . When the soundtrack was officially released on CD in the year 2000 , six bonus tracks were added that further showed Conti 's versatile approach to the film , aiding the production in its return to a tougher , more realistic James Bond . Not released but also heard in the film is a brief homage to John Williams ' familiar theme from Jaws , when an unseen underwater horror ( it is revealed to be an attacker in a J.I.M. diving suit ) approaches within the sunken ship . This was the third Bond film in a row to wittily include familiar music from a classic film . Additionally , notes from the title song to The Spy Who Loved Me , `` Nobody Does It Better '' , can be heard as the tones of a key code for a security door early in the film .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "78c083b4a199b55ce7167c6a83a6a0b8",
"text": "J. B. Priestley John Boynton `` J. B. '' Priestley , OM ( -LSB- ˈpriːstli -RSB- 13 September 1894 -- 14 August 1984 ) , was an English novelist , playwright , scriptwriter , social commentator , and broadcaster . His Yorkshire background is reflected in much of his fiction , notably in The Good Companions ( 1929 ) , which first brought him to wide public notice . Many of his plays are structured around a time slip , and he went on to develop a new theory of time , with different dimensions that link past , present , and future . In 1940 , he broadcast a series of short propaganda radio shows that were credited with strengthening civilian morale during the Battle of Britain . His left-wing beliefs brought him into conflict with the government , and influenced the birth of the Welfare State . The programme was eventually cancelled by the BBC for being too critical of the Government . He is perhaps best known for his 1945 play An Inspector Calls .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "71ec6f4d6faa2b1f0d754750777e53b7",
"text": "Michael Craig (actor) Michael Francis Gregson ( born 27 January 1928 ) , known professionally as Michael Craig , is a British actor and scriptwriter , known for his work in theatre , film and television both in the United Kingdom and Australia .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a72142050c9fd269615eb434fa11e9a1",
"text": "James Wilby James Jonathon Wilby ( born 20 February 1958 ) is an English film , television and theatre actor .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "34c2ad0fadaa207c4e4922b7b1f103e9",
"text": "Roy Marsden Roy Marsden ( born Roy Anthony Mould ; 25 June 1941 ) is an English actor , who is probably best known for his portrayal of Adam Dalgliesh in the Anglia Television dramatisations of P. D. James 's detective novels .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "04c06f49302a6dee09c7f5324a366b6b",
"text": "ITV Sunday Night Theatre ITV Sunday Night Theatre , originally titled ITV Saturday Night Theatre , is a UK television anthology series screened on ITV , and produced by London Weekend Television ( LWT ) . Some episodes were produced with Kestrel Productions . Around 200 episodes aired on ITV from 1969-1974 , including productions of the plays Long Day 's Journey into Night by Eugene O'Neill , A Doll 's House by Henrik Ibsen , and Arms and the Man by George Bernard Shaw . Other episodes included adaptions of the works of William Shakespeare , James Joyce , Wilkie Collins , Simon Gray , Sam Shepard , Israel Horovitz , Arthur Miller , August Strindberg , J.B. Priestley , Lanford Wilson , and John Mortimer . Among its directors were Michael Lindsay-Hogg , Anthony Page , Mike Newell , Fielder Cook , Ted Kotcheff , Peter Wood , and Vivian Matalon . The actors involved included Helen Mirren , Laurence Olivier , Sean Connery , Anthony Hopkins , Michael Caine , Paul Scofield , George C. Scott , Laurence Harvey , Ralph Richardson , Diana Rigg , Trevor Howard , Glenda Jackson , Diane Cilento , Alec Guinness , Jane Asher , Martin Sheen , Colleen Dewhurst , Jean Marsh , Shelley Winters , Ian Holm , Richard Chamberlain , Edith Evans , John Gielgud , Shirley Knight , Ian McKellen , George Sanders and Margaret Whiting .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "70872fe702b5c1d334559997c24581c7",
"text": "James Bachman James Hamilton Bachman ( born 24 February 1972 ) is an English comedian , actor and writer . He has written for and acted in many British television and radio programmes , including That Mitchell and Webb Look , Saxondale , Bleak Expectations and Sorry , I 've Got No Head . In 2014 he co-starred in the film Transformers : Age of Extinction . He is the grandson of the best-selling author M. M. Kaye , and holds both British and American citizenship .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8072a19774336dd83270f911d3427e68",
"text": "List of Person of Interest episodes Person of Interest is an American science fiction crime drama television series created for CBS by Jonathan Nolan , who serves as an executive producer alongside J.J. Abrams , Bryan Burk , Chris Fisher , Greg Plageman , and Denise Thé . The series stars Jim Caviezel as John Reese , a former CIA agent who is presumed dead . He is approached by a mysterious billionaire named Harold Finch ( Michael Emerson ) who is trying to prevent violent crimes before they happen by using an advanced surveillance system dubbed `` The Machine '' that provides the SSN of a POI ( person of interest ) who will be involved in an imminent lethal crime as either a perpetrator or a victim . Their unique brand of vigilante justice attracts the attention of two NYPD officers , Joss Carter ( Taraji P. Henson ) and Lionel Fusco ( Kevin Chapman ) , whom Reese uses to his advantage as he investigates the POI . Reese and Finch are later aided by Samantha `` Root '' Groves ( Amy Acker ) , a highly intelligent computer hacker and contract killer whom the Machine later identifies as its `` analog interface '' , and Sameen Shaw ( Sarah Shahi ) , a former ISA assassin who unknowingly dealt with the `` relevant '' numbers found by the Machine .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bc4f19f62e1649e6dd930e9ff1c141b1",
"text": "Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media . By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) . Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c40d352529739e2683f831dc0e83a420",
"text": "Charles Bateman (actor) Charles Wilbur Bateman ( born November 18 , 1930 , San Diego , California ) is an American actor most notably recognized for roles on television from 1958 to 1991 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "55def0051b3331ed5817352ae7566417",
"text": "James Anderson (American actor) James Anderson ( July 13 , 1921 -- September 14 , 1969 ) , sometimes billed as Kyle James , was an American television and film actor of the 1950s and 1960s . He is probably best known for his role as Robert E. Lee `` Bob '' Ewell in To Kill a Mockingbird ( 1962 ) . He made over 120 appearances , mostly in television and several films between 1941 and 1969 . He made three guest appearances on Perry Mason , including the role of murder victim Frank Anderson in the 1958 episode , `` The Case of the Pint-Sized Client , '' and murder victim Stanley Piper in the 1960 episode , `` The Case of the Ill-Fated Faker . '' He appeared in a number of westerns throughout his career , often playing a gun-for-hire or outlaw . He died of a heart attack on September 14 , 1969 . Two films he appeared in The Ballad of Cable Hogue ( 1969 ) and Little Big Man ( 1970 ) were released posthumously . His sister , Mary Anderson ( April 3 , 1918 -- April 6 , 2014 ) , was also an actress . They appeared in only one film together , Hunt the Man Down ( 1951 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "314753ead401b14197071d0965d80c4b",
"text": "Patrick Breen Joseph Patrick Breen ( born October 26 , 1960 ) is an American actor , playwright and screenwriter . He has acted primarily on TV but has also appeared in numerous films , as well as on Broadway and Off Broadway . In 2010 , he starred on Broadway in Next Fall . He is currently playing Andrew Munsey , Director of the Central Intelligence Agency , on the CBS drama Madam Secretary . He was originally hired to voice Splatter and Dodge in Thomas & the Magic Railroad but was cut and was replaced by Neil Crone and Kevin Frank . In a July 2012 interview with Metro Weekly Patrick Breen stated , `` I identify as one of the LGBT people '' and agreed with the interviewer who referred to Breen coming out as bisexual .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5c51579620c92fb6144d06a24fcf84e6",
"text": "Nathaniel Parker Nathaniel Parker ( born 18 May 1962 ) is an English stage and screen actor best known for playing Detective Inspector Thomas `` Tommy '' Lynley in the BBC crime drama series The Inspector Lynley Mysteries .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e253fc0431499e34e3d9af21329cd15e",
"text": "Harry Batt Harry Batt is a television pilot starring Ian Kirkby as the fictional `` Geordie copper '' DI Harry Batt . The article is about both the character and the show itself .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "528d67e51cf967aee2e03c09773bf464",
"text": "A. J. Raffles (character) Arthur J. Raffles is a character created in the 1890s by E. W. Hornung , brother-in-law to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle , the creator of Sherlock Holmes . Raffles is , in many ways , a deliberate inversion of Holmeshe is a `` gentleman thief '' , living at the Albany , a prestigious address in London , playing cricket for the Gentlemen of England and supporting himself by carrying out ingenious burglaries . He is called the `` Amateur Cracksman '' , and often , at first , differentiates between himself and the `` professors `` professional criminals from the lower classes . As Holmes has Dr. Watson to chronicle his adventures , Raffles has Harry `` Bunny '' Mandersa former schoolmate saved from disgrace and suicide by Raffles , whom Raffles persuaded to accompany him on a burglary . While Raffles often takes advantage of Manders ' relative innocence , and sometimes treats him with a certain amount of contempt , he knows that Manders ' bravery and loyalty are to be relied on utterly . In several stories , Manders saves the day for the two of them after Raffles gets into situations he can not get out of on his own . One of the things that Raffles has in common with Holmes is a mastery of disguiseduring his days as an ostensible man-about-town , he maintains a studio apartment in another name in which he keeps the components of various disguises . He can imitate the regional speech of many parts of Britain flawlessly , and is fluent in Italian .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c29cc04a2729bf60b2f03a251f338011",
"text": "Johnny English Johnny English is a 2003 British spy comedy film parodying the James Bond secret agent genre infused with comedy similar to Atkinson 's Mr. Bean character . The film stars Rowan Atkinson , Natalie Imbruglia , Ben Miller and John Malkovich . The screenplay was written by Bond writers Neal Purvis and Robert Wade , with William Davies , and the film was directed by Peter Howitt . The film grossed a total of $ 160 million worldwide . The film was followed by a sequel , 2011 's Johnny English Reborn . The film was released in the United Kingdom on April 11 , 2003 , and topped the country 's box office for the next three weekends , before being overtaken by X2 . A second sequel is in pre-production and will release in October 2018 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3973d0a0eb8e4386f181b28ac01b2a84",
"text": "Patrick O'Kane Patrick O'Kane is an Irish actor who was born in 1965 in Belfast , Northern Ireland . He attended St Malachy 's grammar school where he discovered a love of acting and then attended Manchester University , graduating with double honours in Drama and English . This was followed by training at the Central School of Speech and Drama . He has been part of the companies of the Royal National Theatre , where he appeared in The Playboy of the Western World and Peer Gynt , and the Royal Shakespeare Company , where he played the title role in Macbeth . At the Royal Exchange Theatre , Manchester , he gave an `` eye-catching '' , `` triumphant '' performance in the title role of Christopher Marlowe 's Doctor Faustus in 2010 . In London 's West End , he has appeared in War Horse . He played John Proctor in the Lyric Theatre , Belfast 's production of Arthur Miller 's The Crucible , opening the theatre 's new performance space in April 2011 to rave reviews and receiving a nomination for best actor in the Irish Theatre Awards for his performance . In October 2011 O'Kane appeared to great acclaim in the lead role of `` 16 Possible Glimpses '' at the Abbey Theatre in Dublin http://www.abbeytheatre.ie/whats_on/event/16_possible_glimpses/ In May 2012 He appeared as J. Bruce Ismay in Owen McCafferty 's Titanic ( Scenes from the British Wreck Commissioner 's Inquiry , 1912 ) at the newly opened MAC art 's venue in Belfast and will be performing in Owen McCafferty 's play `` Quietly '' in the Abbey Theatre in October 2012 . In addition to his extensive stage work , O'Kane has appeared in the movies ( most recently in ` Prometheus ' ) and on television in many parts including ` Game of Thrones ' , seasons two and three of ` The Borgias ' , series nine of the popular BBC `` New Tricks '' and the upcoming BBC detective series `` The Fall '' set in Northern Ireland . He won a Nesta Fellowship in 2005 and has released a book `` Actor 's Voices '' a series of conversations with modern actors ( Oberon Press 2012 ) He has also been in season 3 of HBO series Game of Thrones , playing as the new face of Jaqen H'ghar .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cfae7907d472e4910c27e11f002f25b7",
"text": "James Batman James Batman is a 1966 Filipino Batman/James Bond cinematic spoof produced by Jose O. Vera and released by Sampaguita Pictures . It stars the Philippine comedian Dolphy as Batman and James Bond and Boy Alano as `` Rubin '' ( Robin ) .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
45b2daf75fc62130b91da3e3d0656bd5 | The Wizard of Oz is from Australia. | [
{
"docid": "42b96c64dcb5b177a136af19253686d4",
"text": "The Wizard of Oz (1939 film) The Wizard of Oz is a 1939 American musical fantasy comedy-drama film produced by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , and the best-known and most commercially successful adaptation based on the 1900 novel The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum . The film stars Judy Garland as Dorothy Gale . The co-stars are Ray Bolger , Jack Haley , Bert Lahr , Frank Morgan , Billie Burke , and Margaret Hamilton , with Charley Grapewin , Pat Walshe and Clara Blandick , Terry the dog ( billed as Toto ) , and the Singer Midgets as the Munchkins . Notable for its use of Technicolor , fantasy storytelling , musical score , and unusual characters , over the years it has become an icon of American popular culture . It was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture , but lost to Gone with the Wind . It did win in two other categories , including Best Original Song for `` Over the Rainbow '' and Best Original Score by Herbert Stothart . However , the film was a box office disappointment on its initial release , earning only $ 3,017,000 on a $ 2,777,000 budget , despite receiving largely positive reviews . It was MGM 's most expensive production to date and did not completely recoup the studio 's investment nor turn a profit until theatrical re-releases starting in 1949 . The 1956 broadcast television premiere of the film on the CBS network reintroduced the film to the wider public and eventually made the presentation an annual tradition , making it one of the best known films in movie history . The film was named the most-viewed motion picture on television syndication by the Library of Congress , which also included the film in its National Film Registry in its inaugural year in 1989 . Designation on the registry calls for efforts to preserve it for being `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' . It is also one of the few films on UNESCO 's Memory of the World Register . The Wizard of Oz is often ranked on best-movie lists in critics ' and public polls . It is the source of many quotes referenced in contemporary popular culture . It was directed primarily by Victor Fleming ( who left production to take over direction on the troubled Gone with the Wind production ) . Noel Langley , Florence Ryerson , and Edgar Allan Woolf received credit for the screenplay , but uncredited contributions were made by others . The songs were written by Edgar `` Yip '' Harburg ( lyrics ) and Harold Arlen ( music ) . The musical score and the incidental music were composed by Stothart .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "de18b0889f1e1c305f5c85d594a9a448",
"text": "Racial violence in Australia Various examples of violence have been attributed to racial factors during the recorded history of Australia since white settlement , and a level of intertribal rivalry and violence among Indigenous Australians pre-dates the arrival of white settlers from Britain in 1788 . During the period of British colonisation , various incidents of inter-racial tension and competition for land and resources between Europeans and Indigenous peoples involved violence , becoming a factor in the decline of indigenous populations during the 19th century . Incidents of racial violence between settler communities followed the large scale multi-ethnic immigration of the Australian goldrushes of the mid-19th century - notably white miners targeting Chinese miners - which contributed to the development of the White Australia Policy which preferenced British and `` white '' immigration to Australia for some decades . The policy resulted in a largely racially homogenous population by the mid-20th century . Australia 's large scale , Post-World War Two , multi-ethnic immigration program has seen Australia develop into one of the most ethnically diverse nations , with relatively little racial violence , and in which incitement to racial violence is a crime . Nevertheless , incidents and examples of violence between the various ethnicities of modern Australia have continued to be attributed to racial motivations up to the present time .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8c836114e5d1b60cee67ada046bb807d",
"text": "Australian Capital Territory The Australian Capital Territory ( ACT ; formerly , `` The Territory for the Seat of Government '' and , later , the `` Federal Capital Territory '' ) is the federal district in the south east of Australia , enclaved within New South Wales . Its only city is Canberra , the capital city of Australia . Geographically , the territory is bounded by the Goulburn-Cooma railway line in the east , the watershed of Naas Creek in the south , the watershed of the Cotter River in the west , and the watershed of the Molonglo River in the north-east . The ACT also has a small strip of territory around the southern end of the Beecroft Peninsula , which is the northern headland of Jervis Bay . The need for a national territory was flagged by colonial delegates during the Federation conventions of the late 19th century . Section 125 of the Australian Constitution provided that , following Federation in 1901 , land would be ceded freely to the new Federal Government . The territory was transferred to the Commonwealth by the state of New South Wales in 1911 , two years prior to the naming of Canberra as the national capital in 1913 . The floral emblem of the ACT is the royal bluebell and the bird emblem is the gang-gang cockatoo . The economic activity of the Australian Capital Territory is heavily concentrated around Canberra . A stable housing market , steady employment and rapid population growth in the 21st century have led to economic prosperity and in 2011 CommSec ranked the ACT as the second best performing economic region in the country . This trend continued into 2016 , when the territory was ranked the third best performing out of all of Australia 's states and territories . There is a higher proportion of young adults in the region compared with other Australian states or territories . Approximately one-fifth of ACT residents were born outside of Australia , mainly in the United Kingdom . Almost one-fifth speak a language other than English at home , the most common being Chinese .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6214e4dc7a26d2396803be05706b191b",
"text": "Australia–Turkey relations Australia -- Turkey relations are foreign relations between the Commonwealth of Australia and the Republic of Turkey . Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established in 1967 . Australia has had an embassy in Ankara since 1968 , a consulate-general in Istanbul and a consulate in Çanakkale . Turkey has had an embassy in Canberra since 1967 and two consulates-general in Melbourne and Sydney . The first encounter of Turkey and Australia was on the battlefields of Çanakkale , the scene of a fierce but , at the same time , gentlemanly war . This has created a bond of mutual respect , admiration and friendship . The historical bond between the two countries constitutes a strong foundation to further strengthen and deepen their relations in every fields . The warm sentiments between Turkish and Australian nations were best voiced in the message of the Great Leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , which was sent to the Australian and New Zealander mothers in 1934 and is as follows : `` Those heroes that shed their blood and lost their lives ... you are now lying in the soil of a friendly country . Therefore rest in peace . There is no difference between the Johnnies and the Mehmets where they lie side by side here in this country of ours ... You the mothers who sent their sons from far away countries , wipe away your tears . Your sons are now lying in our bosom and are in peace . Having lost their lives on this land they have become our sons as well . '' The Çanakkale Battles are commemorated every year in Çanakkale on 24 -- 25 April with a wide participation from Australia . There are no contentious issues between Turkey and Australia . The Turkish community living in Australia constitutes a bridge of friendship between the two countries .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "af78016ab9dfc73f1fb69a6d0a102648",
"text": "Oz (Judge Dredd story) `` Oz '' is a mini-series featured in the comic 2000 AD , running for 26 episodes ( progs 545 to 570 ) from 24 October , 1987 to 16 April , 1988 . The series was written by John Wagner and Alan Grant and , due to the short time-frame in which it had to be illustrated by a large number of regular 2000 AD contributors : Cliff Robinson , Jim Baikie , Will Simpson , Brendan McCarthy , Steve Dillon , John Higgins , Barry Kitson and Gary Leach .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6105aa37458c437cb4b2e2d9c5702b81",
"text": "Haymarket Theatre (Leicester) The Haymarket Theatre is a theatre in Leicester , England , based in the Haymarket Shopping Centre on Belgrave Gate in Leicester city centre . The Leicester City Council purchased a 99-year lease of the Haymarket Theatre on behalf of the public on 29 September 1974 . The Leicester Theatre Trust operated the theatre from this date then vacated in 2007 in favour of the new Curve Theatre , Leicester on Halford Street . The Metal Tree sculpture by Hubert Dalwood , located at the front of the entrance to the Haymarket Theatre , is the only major piece of abstract sculpture in the city centre . The Haymarket Theatre was opened by Sir Ralph Richardson and the opening season started with The Recruiting Officer on the 17th October 1973 , Economic Necessity on the 24th of October and Cabaret on the 21st of November . The last show on was Wizard of Oz starring Helena Blackman and Ceri Dupree in 2006 . On 3 June 2016 plans were announced to re-open the Haymarket Theatre as a performance and training venue .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7dac7ae36b2f09e641e23006b305d430",
"text": "Land of Oz (theme park) The Land of Oz is currently a private property located in the resort town of Beech Mountain , North Carolina , USA . It was opened in 1970 by Carolina Caribbean Corporation under the guidance of Grover Robbins , who had been successful with Tweetsie Railroad , and designed by Jack Pentes . It was fully operational until 1980 . It now opens for Fridays in June for `` Journey with Dorothy Tours '' and in September for Autumn at Oz - the largest festival in the area . Visitors would start off in Kansas , `` experience '' the tornado which struck Dorothy 's house , and walk down the Yellow Brick Road to visit with the Scarecrow , Tin Woodman , the Cowardly Lion and the Wicked Witch of the West . The Emerald City consisted of gift shops and an ampi-theater that the Magic Moment Show would be staged on every half hour . An artificial balloon ride , a specially modified ski lift installed by Goforth Brothers , allowed visitors to get a bird 's - eye view of the park and mountain scenery before leaving Oz . A small museum showcased props and costumes from the film . These were jointly bought by the park and Debbie Reynolds from MGM . The musical score sung by the characters on the Yellow Brick Road and at Emerald City was composed by notables Alec Wilder and North Carolina native Loonis McGlohon ( with the exception of E.Y. Harburg and Harold Arlen 's `` Over the Rainbow '' for which rights were obtained to integrate into the Emerald City show ) . A video and display of The Land of Oz were on exhibit at the Appalachian Cultural Museum , part of Appalachian State University , in Boone , North Carolina but the museum closed and the artifacts were returned to the park .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a70dec7c1c22210b9b52d0053875f56f",
"text": "Land of Ev The Land of Ev is a fictional country in the Oz books of L. Frank Baum and his successors . Its exact location is unclear between text and maps . The Road to Oz states that Ev is to the north of the Land of Oz , and in Ozma of Oz , Princess Ozma of Oz and her procession enter the Munchkin Country and meet the King of the Munchkins upon leaving the palace at Evna , the capital city . Subsequent books place Ev nearer to the Winkie Country , and the map on the endpapers of Tik-Tok of Oz shows the Munchkin Country as having no northern border with the desert that surrounds Oz , as a thin strip of the Gillikin Country extends even farther east than most of the Munchkin Country . This map depicts Ev as a small country to the northwest ( the compass rose is reversed ) of Oz , with the Dominions of the Nome King as a separate area . James E. Haff and Dick Martin 's map , following the text , place the Nome Kingdom under an Ev that takes up the entire portion allotted to the Nome King 's dominions on Baum 's map .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9193c1145d3392c90a2a48ace0e843b2",
"text": "Monarchy of Australia The monarchy of Australia is a form of government in which a hereditary king or queen serves as the nation 's sovereign . Australia is governed under a form of constitutional monarchy , largely modelled on the Westminster system of parliamentary government , while incorporating features unique to the Constitution of Australia . The present monarch is Elizabeth II , styled Queen of Australia , who has reigned since 6 February 1952 . She is represented in Australia by the Governor-General , in accordance with the Australian Constitution and letters patent from the Queen . In each of the states , the monarch is represented by a governor , appointed directly by the Queen on the advice of each of her respective state governments . The Australian monarch , besides reigning in Australia , separately serves as monarch for each of 15 other Commonwealth nations known as realms . This developed from the former colonial relationship between these countries and the United Kingdom , but they are now independent of each other and are legally distinct .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "48f4095d3418e707e71337a75ae517ab",
"text": "George Marlow George Marlow ( 24 September 1876 -- 21 May 1939 ) ( born Joseph Marks ) was an Australian theatrical entrepreneur born in London of Jewish extraction , noted for bringing melodrama and pantomime to Sydney audiences in the early 1900s . He came to Australia as a child , and started acting and playing piano for stage plays . He was playing with the William Anderson organisation in Sydney and Brisbane in 1899 as was his future wife Ethel Buckley ( born ca. 1885 ) . Ethel had made a mark as Puck in a George Rignold production of Midsummer Night 's Dream at the age of twelve , a role she reprised several times , then melodramas such as The Luck of Roaring Camp in 1907 . She worked six months in London After her marriage ( ca. 1910 ) to Marlow , she starred in his shows . Her most famous role was as `` Cigarette '' in an adaptation of the Ouida novel Under Two Flags in 1915 . He became involved in the managerial side of the theatre , first with William Anderson , then from around 1904 with the Fuller family chain . By 1907 he had his own company , first leasing a theatre in Newcastle . By Christmas 1910 he was lessee of , then a year later purchased the Princess 's Theatre , Melbourne . In 1911 he built The Adelphi , in Castlereagh Street , Haymarket , Sydney , the largest theatre in Australia . The Bad Girl of the Family was his first production in the new theatre , followed by the George Fowler musical The Fatal Wedding and the melodrama The Rosary . He took The Bad Girl of the Family to London around the same time . They were still in UK in 1912 After purchasing the Princess 's Theatre , he hired as manager of The Adelphi George Willoughby ( full name George Willoughby Dowse ) , who made a great success of it . Willoughby , with Arthur Bernard Davies and George T Eaton bought him out in 1913 , reportedly for # 50,000 , but had problems with Marlow 's continuing involvement . In 1915 Marlow in partnership with Ben Fuller bought out Willoughby . and 1916 renamed it the Grand Opera House . Some years later it became the Tivoli . Marlow also directed some feature films , Driving a Girl to Destruction ( 1911 ) and Angel of his Dreams ( 1912 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f1ecfb14aadcd3a52e24d0c2ecc67b88",
"text": "Adventures in Oz Adventures in Oz is a collection of five graphic novels by Eric Shanower set in the Land of Oz . They were originally published separately from 1986 to 1992 . The first four , The Enchanted Apples of Oz ( 1986 ) , The Secret Island of Oz ( 1986 ) , The Ice King of Oz ( 1987 ) , and The Forgotten Forest of Oz ( 1988 ) were published by First Comics . The fifth , The Blue Witch of Oz , was published by Dark Horse Comics in 1992 . The hardcover edition contained an extensive appendix by Shanower about his Oz comic work , including previously unseen artwork and comics , as well as alternate endings to some stories . The five volumes were collected , revised , and published in an omnibus edition by IDW Publishing in 2006 . Recently , the collection has been split into two pocket-size volumes called Little Adventures in Oz .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "291527c3a5f1c9dbd467d67c957d0602",
"text": "Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage . Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8c1a2d4103091856719b1eee0a0ed49b",
"text": "Apocalypse Oz Apocalypse Oz is a 2006 short film . It is based on the novels Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and The Wonderful Wizard of Oz by L. Frank Baum . The script is a hybrid of the two classic films Apocalypse Now and The Wizard of Oz , and uses only dialogue from these films .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9487bfb9d69dcc87765744701f51cd08",
"text": "Australian English vocabulary Australian English is a major variety of the English language spoken throughout Australia . Most of the vocabulary of Australian English is shared with British English , though there are notable differences . The vocabulary of Australia is drawn from many sources , including various dialects of British English as well as Gaelic languages , some Indigenous Australian languages , and Polynesian languages . One of the first dictionaries of Australian slang was Karl Lentzner 's Dictionary of the Slang-English of Australia and of Some Mixed Languages in 1892 . The first dictionary based on historical principles that covered Australian English was E. E. Morris 's Austral English : A Dictionary of Australasian Words , Phrases and Usages ( 1898 ) . In 1981 , the more comprehensive Macquarie Dictionary of Australian English was published . Oxford University Press published their own Australian Oxford Dictionary in 1999 , as a joint effort with the Australian National University . Oxford University Press also published The Australian National Dictionary .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e8c4024da93391bc6523d51f9469af13",
"text": "Hungarian Australians Hungarian Australians ( Ausztráliai magyarok ) are Australian citizens of Hungarian descent . The constant influx of Hungarian immigrants was marked by several waves . Most of the Hungarian immigrants to Australia came after World War II and after the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 . Hungarian Australians mostly live in state capital cities . Responses to the 2006 ABS-conducted national census questionnaires could reflect the true numbers of Hungarian Australians only if one takes into account not only those born in Hungary . In addition to that , those of ethnic Hungarian origin born outside Hungary who officially and specifically identified themselves of Hungarian ancestry would total 67,616 Hungarian Australian persons , residents of Australia as per ABS tabulation under `` Hungarian Ancestry '' ( Refer to Hungarian history as guide for clarification ) . The breakdown according to State and Territory was : NSW 23,577 ; VIC 21,727 ; QLD 9795 ; SA 5,427 ; WA 4,230 ; TAS 877 ; ACT 1,652 ; NT 331 . Of the 67,616 total 20,166 or 29.82 % were born in Hungary , 31,103 or 46 % were aged 65 and over , 40,570 or 60 % had tertiary or trade qualifications . In the same 2006 Census , among Hungarian-born persons , the religious affiliation was as follows : 72.9 % declared Christianity , 11.8 % declared no religion or atheism , 7.4 % declared Judaism , 0.6 % declared other religions and 6.6 % did not answer the question . Reduced in number and altered to new format , the questions in the last ABS ' National Census of 2011 only allowed for and yielded the following data : 19,089 were born in Hungary ; 20,875 speak in Hungarian at home including 3,861 ethnic Hungarians who speak Hungarian at home but were born in countries adjoining Hungary . An all encompassing , multigenerational total of 69,159 people claimed Hungarian ethnicity/ancestry and cultural heritage .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "217f91b78f2fd4922b8931e6d119a130",
"text": "Mombi The Wicked Witch of the North , named Mombi , is a fictional character in L. Frank Baum 's classic children 's series of Oz Books . She is the most significant antagonist in the second Oz book The Marvelous Land of Oz ( 1904 ) , and is alluded to in other works . Mombi plays a very important role in the fictional history of Oz . The character was originally presented as a lowly hag who had enchanted Princess Ozma in order to prevent her from ascending to the throne . Later in the series , L. Frank Baum specified that she had once conquered and ruled the Gillikin Country , as the Wicked Witch of the North , only to be deposed by the Good Witch of the North . Furthermore , Mombi had enslaved Ozma 's father ( King Pastoria ) and grandfather , thereby removing the Royal Family of Oz , and enabling herself and the Wicked Witches of the East , West and South to conquer and divide the land between them . After forcing her to disenchant Princess Ozma , Glinda the Good Witch of the South made Mombi drink a powerful draught that stripped the old witch of all her magic powers . Mombi did n't make any further appearances in L. Frank Baum 's books . In Ruth Plumly Thompson 's The Lost King of Oz , the witch raises havoc once again , and at the end of the book , in a rare act of Ozite capital punishment , Mombi is ruthlessly doused with water and melts away like the Wicked Witch of the West , so that nothing is left of her but her buckled shoes . L. Frank Baum never said that all witches in Oz would die upon contact with water , but Ruth Plumly Thompson and several subsequent writers such as Rachel Payes had made that conclusion .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c93c276160d00b02187521514ade40aa",
"text": "Forest of Burzee The Forest of Burzee is a fictional fairy-tale land originated by L. Frank Baum , famous as the creator of the Land of Oz .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "98edb53a4bf2da09c5f89ab2a34e515c",
"text": "Eureka (Oz) Eureka is a white kitten found by Dorothy Gale 's Uncle Henry , that he gives to her telling her that the name means `` I have found it ! '' She is introduced in Dorothy and the Wizard in Oz . Dorothy carries Eureka in a small cage on a train with her to San Francisco to visit her relatives on Hugson farm . While riding with Bill Hugson 's nephew Zeb , an earthquake opens a large chasm in the ground , and Eureka falls with Dorothy , Zeb , and Jim the Cab-Horse into the land of the Mangaboos , people made of vegetable . The strange lights in the Magaboos ' cavern create all sorts of odd colors , and Eureka looks pink there . Afterward -- perhaps in part due to the chapter 's title , `` The Pink Kitten '' -- Eureka is often referred to as a `` pink kitten , '' or sometimes , as in Glinda of Oz , as a `` purple kitten . '' Explanations of Eureka 's color are common in fan fiction . Eureka is somewhat of a stereotype of a cat . The last third of Dorothy and the Wizard presents her as very dishonest , and she is placed on trial for having eaten one of the Nine Tiny Piglets -- the smallest one that was given to Princess Ozma as a pet . She has said throughout the novel that `` it was always his fault , '' but she stubbornly refused to explain what she meant by `` it . '' Eureka is threatened with execution until the piglet is found . Indeed , Eureka tells them where the piglet is , but is amused at being tried for something it is in her nature to attempt . Throughout , John R. Neill portrays her in ridiculous clothing , including a tailed coat and feather cap , though these are not mentioned in the text . Eureka later lives in Oz , but how she got back there is another unexplained mystery . The fact that she lives in Oz , and the first statement that she is pink , comes from a statement by the Shaggy Man in The Patchwork Girl of Oz . Eureka plays a significant supporting role in Dick Martin 's 1986 novel The Ozmapolitan of Oz . And she is the heroine of Chris Dulabone 's The Colorful Kitten of Oz ( 1990 ) , which , among other things , addresses the inconsistency of Eureka 's color .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4d35a10e5109be677270d1df8ca761ac",
"text": "List of Oz books The Oz books form a book series that begins with The Wonderful Wizard of Oz ( 1900 ) and relate the fictional history of the Land of Oz . Oz was created by author L. Frank Baum , who went on to write fourteen full-length Oz books . All of the Baum written books are in the public domain in the United States . Even while he was alive , Baum was styled as `` the Royal Historian of Oz '' to emphasize the concept that Oz is an actual place . The illusion created was that characters such as Dorothy and Princess Ozma related their adventures in Oz to Baum themselves , by means of wireless telegraph .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ccec4d1331c9dc6c80c8cabea4d4e97a",
"text": "The Patchwork Girl of Oz (1914 film) The Patchwork Girl of Oz ( 1914 ) is a silent film made by L. Frank Baum 's The Oz Film Manufacturing Company . It was based on the book The Patchwork Girl of Oz . The film was written and produced by L. Frank Baum and directed by J. Farrell MacDonald . It makes almost no use of the dialog from the book in the intertitles . While there are a number of modest special effects , the movie relies largely on dancing ( or rather cavorting ) , slapstick , and costuming . The Patchwork Girl uses acrobatics regularly with good effect . Dr. Pipt 's daughter is added for love interest , as well as an additional plot thread : her boyfriend is turned into a small statue which women find irresistible . The plot omits the Glass Cat , the Shaggy Man , the Yoop , and the phonograph , but also adds Mewel , a donkey , and `` The Lonesome Zoop '' , both slapstick animals .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "200974c76900f137452efa4f376be49b",
"text": "The Road to Oz The Road to Oz : In Which Is Related How Dorothy Gale of Kansas , The Shaggy Man , Button Bright , and Polychrome the Rainbow 's Daughter Met on an Enchanted Road and Followed it All the Way to the Marvelous Land of Oz . is the fifth of L. Frank Baum 's Land of Oz books . It was originally published on July 10 , 1909 and documents the adventures of Dorothy Gale 's fourth visit to the Land of Oz . The book was dedicated to Joslyn Stanton Baum , the author 's first grandson , the child of Baum 's eldest son Frank Joslyn Baum .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
c9958584e4f5276f82a50b7487d958af | Katrina Kaif appeared in a thriller directed by Kabir Khan. | [
{
"docid": "b3359c0c808f77ffd5701c730cb3c5a4",
"text": "Katrina Kaif Katrina Kaif ( -LSB- kəˈʈriːnaː ˈkɛːf -RSB- , born Katrina Turquotte , 16 July 1983 ) is a British film actress and model known for her work in Indian films . She has appeared primarily in Hindi films , as well as Telugu and Malayalam films . In addition to being one of Bollywood 's highest-paid actresses , she is considered one of India 's most attractive celebrities by media . Born in Hong Kong , Kaif and her family lived in several countries before she moved to London . She received her first modelling assignment as a teenager and later pursued a career as a fashion model . At a fashion show in London , filmmaker Kaizad Gustad spotted Kaif and decided to cast her in Boom ( 2003 ) , a critical and commercial failure . While filming in India , Kaif received modelling assignments and established a successful modelling career . However , filmmakers were hesitant to cast her due to her poor command of Hindi . After appearing in the Telugu film , Malliswari ( 2004 ) , Kaif earned commercial success in Bollywood with the romantic comedies Maine Pyaar Kyun Kiya ? ( 2005 ) and Namastey London ( 2007 ) . She followed with a series of box-office hits , but was criticised for her acting , repetitive roles and inclination to male-dominated films . Kaif 's performance in the 2009 terrorism drama New York was better received , earning her a Filmfare Award for Best Actress nomination . After roles in Ajab Prem Ki Ghazab Kahani ( 2009 ) , Raajneeti ( 2010 ) and Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara ( 2011 ) , she received her second Filmfare nomination for her performance in Mere Brother Ki Dulhan ( 2011 ) . Kaif featured in the thrillers Ek Tha Tiger ( 2012 ) and Dhoom 3 ( 2013 ) , both of which rank among the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time . Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics for her acting prowess , she has established herself as a commercially successful actress of Hindi cinema . In addition to acting , Kaif is involved with her mother 's charity and participates in stage shows . She is guarded about her personal life , which is a subject of media scrutiny , as is her background .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "030cc081cdd7e149d5f17613e7bb983a",
"text": "Ek Tha Tiger Ek Tha Tiger ( English : Once There was a Tiger ) is a 2012 Indian action spy thriller directed by Kabir Khan and produced by Aditya Chopra of Yash Raj Films . It stars Salman Khan and Katrina Kaif , and features Ranvir Shorey , Girish Karnad , Roshan Seth and Gavie Chahal in supporting roles . The film was the third collaboration of Kabir Khan with Yash Raj Films after Kabul Express ( 2006 ) and New York ( 2009 ) . The plot centers on an Indian spy ( RAW ) code-named Tiger who falls in love with a Pakistani spy ( ISI ) during an investigation and how Tiger 's ideology and principles change over time . It is the first installment of Tiger film series . A sequel titled Tiger Zinda Hai , will be released on 22 December 2017 . Pre-production of Ek Tha Tiger started in the second half of 2010 after the script had been completed . Principal photography commenced on September 2011 and ended in June 2012 . The film was shot in five countries . Initially scheduled for a release on June 2012 , the film 's release was delayed and it opened on 15 August 2012 , coinciding with India 's Independence Day was holiday which celebrates on 65th anniversary to the marked . Critics gave Ek Tha Tiger generally mixed reviews with most of the praises given for its action , cinematography and music . The film opened to extremely strong box office collections and became the second Bollywood film to gross over worldwide with a gross of .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "f872063ff51727c1d6647cca454e2977",
"text": "Insaaf (1997 film) Insaaf , also known as Insaaf : The Final Justice , is a 1997 Indian Bollywood action film directed and written by Dayal Nihalani and starring Akshay Kumar , Shilpa Shetty and Paresh Rawal . It was released on 30 May 1997 and was a box office failure .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8daa11e8c1aef991f2ead19db5a66ad8",
"text": "One 2 Ka 4 One 2 Ka 4 ( वन टू का फ़ोर , One times 2 is 4 ) is an Indian action crime drama film directed by Shashilal K. Nair . The film stars Shah Rukh Khan , Juhi Chawla and Jackie Shroff . The score and soundtrack were composed by A.R.Rahman . This film is now owned by Shah Rukh Khan 's Red Chillies Entertainment .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3cf1260c8d0e9ec6a7f81b82d5795458",
"text": "Kill Dil Kill Dil ( English : Kill Heart , stylized as : Kill/Dil ) is a 2014 Indian romantic action comedy film directed by Shaad Ali and produced by Aditya Chopra under the Yash Raj Films banner . The film stars Ranveer Singh , Ali Zafar and Parineeti Chopra in lead roles , with Govinda portraying the antagonist . The film was released on 14 November 2014 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c40a23b2706723ded734408fc3359b28",
"text": "Ek Villain Ek Villain ( English : One Villain ) is a 2014 Indian romantic thriller directed by Mohit Suri . The film stars Riteish Deshmukh , Sidharth Malhotra and Shraddha Kapoor in lead roles , and tells the story of a hardened criminal whose terminally ill wife is murdered by a serial killer . The film was produced by Ekta Kapoor and Shobha Kapoor under Balaji Motion Pictures and ALT Entertainment . The film is an unofficial remake of the 2010 South Korean thriller film I Saw the Devil . Upon its release on 27 June 2014 , the film received mixed to positive reviews from the critics , and was a commercial success .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fdc98137812821f7809c8b41d2303afc",
"text": "Aap Ki Kasam Aap Ki Kasam ( I swear by you ) is a 1974 Hindi film produced by J. Om Prakash , which also marks his directorial debut . The film stars Rajesh Khanna , Mumtaz , Sanjeev Kumar , Rehman , Asrani and A. K. Hangal . The music is by R.D. Burman , who received the only Filmfare nomination for the film . The film was successful and was declared as hit on the box office , and it was also acclaimed by the critics . The songs from the film , including ` Jai Jai Shiv Shankar ' , ` Zindagi ke safar mein ' and ` Karvate badalate rahen ' , became very popular . The Hindu newspaper in its review of the film quoted `` In a remarkable scene , where Rajesh Khanna , his anger simmering , confronts Mumtaz , the director , J. Om Prakash , brings out the performer in both . Mumtaz brings compelling expressions to her countenance as her initial disbelief at being doubted by her husband is transformed from anguish to fury in a flash . This remains the standout moment of the movie apart from the song `` Zindagi ke safar mein guzar jate hain jo maqaam '' . The film is a remake of a Malayalam film , Vaazhve Mayam ( 1970 ) , directed by K S Sethumadhavan , where the ending was different . The film was later also remade in Telugu , retaining the original ending , by director Dasari Narayana Rao as Edadugula Bandham ( 1985 ) starring Mohan Babu and Jayasudha .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3a5a739fe1660d8768c43f86d32091ac",
"text": "Jaan Ki Kasam Jaan Ki Kasam is a 1991 Indian Bollywood film directed by Sushil Malik and produced by Javed Riaz . It stars Krishna and Saathi Ganguly in pivotal roles . The movie is about how a family ( Suresh Oberoi , Archana Puran Singh , Tanvee Sharma ) travelling by air meet with an accident . Tanvee is the only one who survives and starts to live on an isolated island where she meets Khurshid ( Rajan ) . The story is about their love and survival as they grow up .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "71606f3d93092ac267533c62c03df82e",
"text": "Kadal (2013 film) Kadal ( The Sea ) is a 2013 Indian Tamil crime-drama film co-written , co-produced and directed by Mani Ratnam . The film features debutantes Gautham Karthik , son of actor Karthik , and Thulasi Nair , daughter of Radha , in the lead roles , with Arjun Sarja and Aravind Swamy in supporting roles . The music was composed by A. R. Rahman . The film revolves around life of Christian fishermen who instill the fact that how faith can sometimes lead to the triumph of humanity . The film was dubbed into Telugu as Kadali . The film was released worldwide on 1 February 2013 in both the versions .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "93db1d079f643f52f5f61aa0b0663a61",
"text": "Salaam-e-Ishq: A Tribute to Love Salaam-e-Ishq : A Tribute To Love is a 2007 Bollywood romantic drama anthology film . Directed by Nikhil Advani , it featured an ensemble cast of stars including Salman Khan , Priyanka Chopra , Anil Kapoor , Juhi Chawla , Akshaye Khanna , Ayesha Takia , John Abraham , Vidya Balan , Govinda , Shannon Esra , Sohail Khan and Isha Koppikar in lead roles . It is an unofficial remake of 2003 British film , Love Actually . The movie weaves six love stories together thanks to the relationships of the people within it . The film was Advani 's second directorial venture after Kal Ho Naa Ho . The shooting for the film begun in 2004 and was finished by 2006 . The movie released on 26 January 2007 . The film met with negative reviews from critics and recorded as disaster at the box-office .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8568571d1d8245bff5d26e165f3f7aa4",
"text": "Bajirao Mastani Bajirao Mastani is a 2015 Indian epic historical romance film directed by Sanjay Leela Bhansali , who also composed the music of the film . It is jointly produced by Bhansali and Eros International . The film stars Ranveer Singh as Bajirao I and Deepika Padukone as Mastani , with Priyanka Chopra playing Bajirao 's first wife Kashibai . Tanvi Azmi , Vaibbhav Tatwawdi and Milind Soman appear in supporting roles . Based on the Marathi novel Raau by Nagnath S. Inamdar , the film narrates the story of the Maratha Peshwa Bajirao ( 1700-1740 AD ) and his second wife Mastani . The film was in development for 15 years , with Bhansali wanting to make the film after Hum Dil De Chuke Sanam . However , several times , the production was delayed due to the changing cast . Principal photography started in mid 2014 after the casting of principal roles was finalised . The film was released on 18 December 2015 to critical acclaim from critics , who praised the direction , cinematography , production design , costumes , music and performances , particularly of Chopra , and Singh . The film has grossed over at the box-office , emerging as a commercial success and one of the highest-grossing Indian films of all time . The film received several accolades at various award ceremonies across India . At the 63rd National Film Awards , Bajirao Mastani received seven awards , including Best Direction and Best Supporting Actress for Tanvi Azmi . The film is featured among the 2016 Indian Panorama section of the International Film Festival of India . The film received fourteen nominations at the 61st Filmfare Awards , and won nine awards including Best Film , Best Director for Bhansali , Best Actor for Singh , and Best Supporting Actress for Chopra .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9717ebb599f55a1017550bf754b7777c",
"text": "Ghaath Ghaath is a 2000 Indian Bollywood crime drama film directed by Akashdeep and produced by Kumar Mohan . The film stars Manoj Bajpayee , Tabu and Om Puri in pivotal roles and actress Raveena Tandon in a special appearance . The film met with positive critical response whereas ended up being an average grosser at the box-office .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "33cae4cf1def9ff41f2e9093e714c7b5",
"text": "Jaani Dushman Jaani Dushman is a 1979 Indian Bollywood horror fantasy thriller film produced and directed by Rajkumar Kohli on Shankar Movies banner . It features a huge ensemble cast including Sunil Dutt , Sanjeev Kumar , Jeetendra , Shatrughan Sinha , Vinod Mehra , Reena Roy , Rekha , Neetu Singh in lead roles and music composed by Laxmikant-Pyarelal . The film recorded as Super Hit at box office .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c17369fc0ab90cf1b4b4ab5ca6022f8a",
"text": "Malang (song) `` Malang '' ( Vagrant love ) is the second single released from the 2013 Bollywood film Dhoom 3 , which starred Aamir Khan , Katrina Kaif , Abhishek Bachchan , and Uday Chopra and was directed by Vijay Krishna Acharya . The song was composed by Pritam , who also composed for the previous two films of the film series , with lyrics by Sameer Anjaan . It was sung by Siddharth Mahadevan and Shilpa Rao and performed on film by Khan and Kaif . The song 's performance is represented as part of a stage show . Malang was released on the digital music platform iTunes on 2 December 2013 . Lyricist Sameer Anjaan has described the song as a `` beautiful , pure and sublime Sufi love song '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5c1e10baa17dad5ea164192f9fc2e20c",
"text": "Kai Po Che! Kai Po Che ! ( also known as Kai Po Che : Brothers ... for Life ) is a 2013 Indian buddy drama film directed by Abhishek Kapoor based on Chetan Bhagat 's novel The 3 Mistakes of My Life , with music by Amit Trivedi and lyrics by Swanand Kirkire . Sushant Singh Rajput , Rajkummar Rao and Amit Sadh star as the three main protagonists while Amrita Puri plays the female lead . The film title Kai Po Che ! is originally a Gujarati phrase that means `` I have cut '' which refers to Makar Sankranti ( known as Uttarayan in Gujarat ) where one of the competitors uses his kite to cut off another competitors kite and yells `` Kai Po Che ! '' The shooting started mid-April in Vadnagar and Ahmedabad . Set in Ahmedabad , the story revolves around three friends , Ishaan ( Sushant Singh Rajput ) , Omi ( Amit Sadh ) and Govind ( Rajkummar Rao ) , who want to start their own sports shop and sports academy ; the film also revolves around the 2001 Gujarat earthquake and Godhra train burning . The film tracks their deep friendship , and innocence tarnished by religious politics and communal hatred . Kai Po Che ! had a world premiere at the 63rd Berlin International Film Festival on 13 February 2013 where it was the first ever Indian film to feature in the World Panorama section . Kai Po Che ! released worldwide on 22 February 2013 and met with critical acclaim among Indian reviewers , but negative reviews internationally .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "db78729e47a3f827608317aa229ade4c",
"text": "Bhaag Johnny Bhaag Johnny ( English : Run Johnny ) is an Indian Hindi language Bollywood thriller film directed by Shivam Nair , and produced by Bhushan Kumar , Krishan Kumar , Vikram Bhatt and co-produced by Ajay Kapoor . The film stars Kunal Khemu , Mandana Karimi and Zoa Morani in leading roles . It was released on 25 September 2015 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "01a93e7d6e5e11c7d9247e5893233ec2",
"text": "Angaar Angaar ( English : Fire ) is an Indian Hindi crime drama film directed by Shashilal K. Nair , released on 1 September 1992 . The film stars Jackie Shroff , Dimple Kapadia , and Nana Patekar in lead roles . The film was speculated to have been based on the life of Karim Lala .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e465b13ee920ce088820db4f43e39c10",
"text": "Sirf Tum Sirf Tum ( Only You ) is a Bollywood film directed by Agathian . It was released on 11 June 1999 . The film features Sanjay Kapoor , Priya Gill , Sushmita Sen , Simran Bagga and Jackie Shroff . It is a remake of the National Award-winning Tamil film Kadhal Kottai , which starred Ajith Kumar and Devayani in lead roles . The movie was filmed in Nanital , Kerala and Houston . It was also remade in Dhaka-Kolkata as Hothat Brishti directed by Basu Chatterjee in 1999 starring Ferdous Ahmed and Priyanka Trivedi .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5637b5ee063c13f0e55fd24b2ad0f68a",
"text": "Paap Ki Kamaee Paap Ki Kamaee is a 1990 Hindi-language Indian feature film directed by Kawal Sharma , starring Mithun Chakraborty , Sangeeta Bijlani , Shilpa Shirodkar , Ektaa Bahl and Prem Chopra",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c16fcffa31ab17572aaf4ca0b48e9c94",
"text": "Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena (film) Ek Khiladi Ek Haseena , released in 2005 , is a Hindi erotic crime-thriller film directed by Suparn Verma . It is a remake of the 2003 Hollywood crime drama movie Confidence . This movie was another movie in which the father-son duo Fardeen Khan and Feroz Khan had worked . Before this they have worked in 2003 movie Janasheen . This movie was 1st lead role for actress Koena Mitra who was seen in small roles .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0848e2780f2bce59f5b70a414d3fbb28",
"text": "Khwaabb Khwaabb is an Bollywood romance and drama film directed by Zaid Ali Khan and produced by Moraad Ali Khan under the banner of Bullseye Productions . It features actors Navdip Singh and Simar Motiani in the lead roles . Music of the film has been composed by Sandeep Chowta and Sajjad Ali Chandwani . The film is released on 9 May 2014 . The story revolves around the lives of two athletes : their struggles , their dreams and their aspirations . The official trailer of Khwaabb was unveiled on 23 August 2013 at Delhi . Upon being released on the net on the following day , the trailer got 1,22,000 views in 10 days only . Khwaabb was initially supposed to be released on October 2012 . However , it was later postponed to 9 May 2014 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "52d23d734f487ac69ad03decf271c7fd",
"text": "Kaadhal Kondein Kaadhal Kondein ( also spelled as Kadhal Konden ; I fell in love ) is a 2003 Indian Tamil romantic thriller film written and directed by Selvaraghavan , starring his brother Dhanush and newcomer Sonia Agarwal in lead roles , whilst newcomers Sudeep Sarangi , Nagesh and Daniel Balaji play supporting roles . The film , which has music scored by noted musician Yuvan Shankar Raja and cinematography handled by Arvind Krishna , released on 4 July 2003 , winning critical acclaim and becoming a commercial success upon release , and is considered as the breakthrough film of Dhanush that catapulted him into the main foray of lead actors in the Tamil film industry . Jyothika was considered for the role done by Sonia Agarwal initially.film was later remade in Telugu in 2004 , as Nenu with Allari Naresh and Veda replacing Dhanush and Sonia Agarwal , respectively . It has also been remade in Kannada in 2009 , as Ravana with Yogeesh Hunsoor and Sanchita Padukone in the lead , and in Bengali in 2010 , as Amanush starring Soham Chakraborty and Srabanti Malakar . The film was also remade in Bangladesh in 2004 as Onno Manush directed by Kazi Hayat starting Kazi Maruf , Shabnur and Shakil Khan . The story explores the mind of a youth who is mentally and physically abused in his childhood . The lack of a mother 's love haunts the protagonist throughout the film as the girl of his infatuation is killed . Becoming a psychopath , he desperately tries to woo his newly found lady love and his efforts culminate in a superb nail-biting cliffhanger .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
263efc1f47bfdb47435b66680ce13d96 | The Youth Olympic Games (YOG) is international and multi-sport. | [
{
"docid": "ca007641a6141f640ce39fed98486edc",
"text": "Youth Olympic Games The Youth Olympic Games ( YOG ) is an international multi-sport event organized by the International Olympic Committee . The games are held every four years in staggered summer and winter events consistent with the current Olympic Games format . The first summer version was held in Singapore from 14 to 26 August 2010 while the first winter version was held in Innsbruck , Austria from 13 to 22 January 2012 . The age limitation of the athletes is 14 to 18 . The idea of such an event was introduced by Johann Rosenzopf from Austria in 1998 . On 6 July 2007 , International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) members at the 119th IOC session in Guatemala City approved the creation of a youth version of the Olympic Games , with the intention of sharing the costs of hosting the event between the IOC and the host city , whereas the traveling costs of athletes and coaches were to be paid by the IOC . These Games will also feature cultural exchange programs and opportunities for participants to meet Olympic athletes . Several other Olympic events for youth , like the European Youth Olympic Festival held every other year with summer and winter versions , and the Australian Youth Olympic Festival , have proven successful . The Youth Games are modelled after these sporting events . The YOG are also a successor to the discontinued World Youth Games . The Summer Youth Olympic Games of Singapore in 2010 and Nanjing in 2014 each played host to 3600 athletes and lasted 13 days , whereas the Winter YOG of Innsbruck in 2012 had 1059 athletes and Lillehammer in 2016 had 1100 athletes and lasted 10 days . Even though this exceeded initial estimates , the YOG are still both smaller in size as well as shorter than their senior equivalents . The next Summer YOG to take place will be the 2018 Summer Youth Olympic Games of Buenos Aires . The next Winter YOG to take place will be the 2020 Winter Youth Olympic Games of Lausanne .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "8a28e4835f9be1b8f95175167a1460d8",
"text": "2018 Winter Olympics The 2018 Winter Olympics , officially known as the XXIII Olympic Winter Games ( French : Les XXIIIeme Jeux olympiques d'hiver ; ) , and commonly known as PyeongChang 2018 , -LSB- pʰjʌŋ.tɕʰaŋ -RSB- is a major international multi-sport event scheduled to take place from 9 to 25 February 2018 , in Daegwallyeong-myeon , South Korea . The elected host city was announced on 6 July 2011 by the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) , after the 123rd IOC Session in Durban , South Africa . Other candidates that applied to host the games were Annecy , France and Munich , Germany . Pyeongchang won on its third consecutive bid , having lost previously to Vancouver in Canada and Sochi in Russia . It will be the first Winter Olympic Games and second Olympic Games in South Korea ; the 1988 Summer Olympics were held in Seoul . Pyeongchang will also be the third East Asian city to host the Winter Games after Sapporo , Japan ( 1972 ) , and Nagano , Japan ( 1998 ) ; and the first Winter Games in Continental Asia .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "753b2947764ce2c6c5b10bcf95c1e71a",
"text": "World championship A world championship is generally an international sports competition open to elite competitors from across the world , representing their nations , and winning such an event will be considered the highest or near highest achievement in the sport or contest . The title is usually awarded through a combination of specific contests or , less commonly , ranking systems ( e.g. the ICC Test Championship ) , or a combination of the two ( e.g. World Triathlon Championships in Triathlon ) . This determines a ` world champion ' , who or which is commonly considered the best nation , team , individual ( or other entity ) in the world in a particular field , although the vagaries of sport ensure that the competitor recognised at the best in an event is not always the ` world champion ' ( see Underdog ) . Certain sports do not have a world championship . Instead , they may organise a world cup competition , or they may organize both , for example cycling ( UCI World Championships and UCI World Cups ) ) . Often , the use of the term cup or championship in this sense is just a choice of words . Some sports have multiple champions because of multiple organizations , such as boxing , mixed martial arts and wrestling . Certain sports do not have a world championship or a world cup as such , but may have one or several world champions . Professional boxing , for example , has several world champions at different weights , but each one of them is decided by a `` title fight '' , not a tournament . A certain number of sports hold world championships or world cups which are overshadowed , in terms of prestige , by the same events in the Olympic Games , the most prestigious multi-sports event . Still other sports may or may not have a true world championship but may designate the winners of a domestic competition to be `` world champions . '' This is especially true of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada ; world cups and championships exist in all of the major sports , but the domestic U.S. and Canadian leagues are generally recognized as the world professional championships or the equivalent of a world club championship . ( In American football , although an IFAF World Championship exists , the United States is so far above and beyond the other nations it faces that the winner of the U.S.-based Super Bowl , a competition limited to the 32 teams in the National Football League , is commonly recognized as the world champion . ) Finally , certain professional sports do not have a world championship or world cup , but rather hold a series of events recognised as the elite level in their field ( e.g. tennis has a series of four Grand Slam events recognised as the pinnacle of the game , in addition to key team events , world tour finals and the Olympic Games , but no world championship or world cup ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a761ca6823e134e152a20ee30b6f0194",
"text": "New Zealand Winter Games The New Zealand Winter Games is a multi-sport event held every two years for international athletes . The event is organised by the Winter Games New Zealand Trust .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7ccc00b11723c1b01db8d8b20c0e1ab7",
"text": "Pyeongchang bid for the 2014 Winter Olympics Pyeongchang 2014 was an unsuccessful bid by the Korean Olympic Committee to host the 2014 Winter Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics in Pyeongchang , South Korea . Pyeongchang was one of seven applicants for the games , and one of three to be short-listed , along with Sochi , Russia , and Salzburg , Austria . The bid was the second consecutive time Pyeongchang bid for the Olympics , following its close-call 2010 bid . The 2014 project concentrated all venues within one hour of Pyeongchang , called for huge sums of investment into new infrastructure and sporting venues , including the new Alpensia Resort ; moreover , the sporting event would promote a message of peace and harmony in the divided nation . Since 2003 , the region was selected to host the 2009 Mount Titlis World Women 's Curling Championship and the FIS Snowboarding World Championships 2009 in Gangwon , the 2009 Biathlon World Championships 2009 in Pyeongchang , in an aim at becoming the winter sports hub of Asia . Although an International Olympic Committee evaluation team complimented the area on levels of public support , government support , and infrastructure in February 2007 , Pyeongchang is not a popular tourist destination for foreign skiers , snow machines are heavily relied on due to South Korea 's dry winter climate , most slopes in the area 's two ski resorts are relatively short , amenities and entertainment facilities in the surrounding area are relatively undeveloped , and `` the runs are blocked off in a way that it is tough to find a place to take a mid-slope pee in the woods , '' causing some to question Pyeongchang 's ability to successfully host the Winter Olympics .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "309f8e2587bf9bd3793b25ce2515bcf8",
"text": "Australian Olympic Committee The Australian Olympic Committee ( AOC ) is the National Olympic Committee responsible for developing , promoting and protecting the Olympic Movement in Australia . The AOC has the exclusive responsibility for the representation of Australia at the Olympic Games ( Summer and Winter ) , the Youth Olympic Games and at Regional Games patronised by the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) . All National Olympic Committees ( currently 205 worldwide ) are constituents of the International Olympic Committee .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a363e043fb6692c6395331dd71af0106",
"text": "2014 Commonwealth Games The 2014 Commonwealth Games ( Scottish : Geamannan a ` Cho-fhlaitheis 2014 ) , officially known as the XX Commonwealth Games and commonly known as Glasgow 2014 , was an international multi-sport event celebrated in the tradition of the Commonwealth Games as governed by the Commonwealth Games Federation ( CGF ) . It took place in Glasgow , Scotland , from 23 July to 3 August 2014 . Glasgow was selected as the host city on 9 November 2007 during CGF General Assembly in Colombo , Sri Lanka , defeating Abuja , Nigeria . It was the largest multi-sport event ever held in Scotland with around 4,950 athletes from 71 different nations and territories competing in 18 different sports , outranking the 1970 and 1986 Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh . Over the last 10 years , however , Glasgow and Scotland had staged World , Commonwealth , European , or British events in all sports proposed for the 2014 Commonwealth Games , including the World Badminton Championships in 1997 . The Games received acclaim for their organisation , attendance , and the public enthusiasm of the people of Scotland , with CGF chief executive Mike Hooper hailing them as `` the standout games in the history of the movement '' . Held in Scotland for the third time , the Games were notable for the successes of the Home Nations of the United Kingdom , with England , Wales and hosts Scotland achieving their largest ever gold medal hauls and overall medal hauls at a Commonwealth Games . England finished top of the medal table for the first time since the 1986 Commonwealth Games , also held in Scotland . Kiribati also won its first ever medal at a Commonwealth Games , a gold in the 105 kg men 's weightlifting competition .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "19f312c30ad3fe5542139de32582017e",
"text": "World Yo-Yo Contest The World Yo-Yo Contest is the culminating yo-yo competition of the worldwide competitive circuit and is considered the most prestigious yo-yo competition in the world . The winner of this competition in any of the six championship divisions is deemed the World Yo-Yo Champion -- the only event to award such a title . The contest attracts competitors from all over the world , and an increasingly large number of spectators . The competition is currently run by the International Yo-Yo Federation ( IYYF ) and the respective host nation 's national organization . As of 2015 , 33 countries have fed into the World Yo-Yo Contest from their respective national yo-yo contests . The 2016 contest was held on August 3 -- 6 in the city of Cleveland .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8af6c7ebdab5c249635edf873ad55eff",
"text": "1995 European Youth Summer Olympic Days The 1995 European Youth Summer Olympic Days was the third edition of multi-sport event for European youths between the ages of 12 and 18 . It was held in Bath , United Kingdom from 9 to 14 July . A total of ten sports were contested .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a008be36a9ed3b247adef7fdc4d82297",
"text": "World Combat Games The World Combat Games are an international multi-sport event featuring combat sports and martial arts . Fifteen Olympic and non-Olympic sports are currently on the programme : aikido , boxing , fencing , judo , ju-jitsu , karate , kendo , kickboxing , Muay Thai , sambo , savate , sumo , taekwondo , wrestling and wushu . The World Combat Games were initiated by SportAccord , the umbrella organisation for international sports federations and organizers of sports events , in order to bring these sports closer to a worldwide public . The World Combat Games are accompanied by a cultural program that reflects the ancient traditions and values of martial arts as well as their contribution to modern society .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5ffb346c383d3dbabbefc7d2222a2d00",
"text": "Montenegro at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics Montenegro will participate in the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics in Singapore . Montenegro will be represented by 22 athletes competing in 5 sports : Football , Judo , Swimming , Taekwondo and Tennis .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1e1a16c99e5c8d7b2dc4279363ea9d61",
"text": "1996 Summer Olympics The 1996 Summer Olympics , known officially as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad and unofficially as the Centennial Olympic Games , was a major international multi-sport event that took place in Atlanta , Georgia , United States , from July 19 to August 4 , 1996 . A record 197 nations , all current IOC member nations , took part in the Games , comprising 10,318 athletes . The International Olympic Committee voted in 1986 to separate the Summer and Winter Games , which had been held in the same year since 1924 , and place them in alternating even-numbered years , beginning in 1994 . The 1996 Summer Games were the first to be staged in a different year from the Winter Games . Atlanta became the fifth American city to host the Olympic Games and the third to hold a Summer Olympic Games .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ed587ed9a440eb6b5e6b8797c0d80002",
"text": "Brazil at the Youth Olympics Brazil has participated at the Youth Olympic Games since the inaugural Summer edition in 2010 . As of 2014 , Brazil has attended to every edition of the Summer and Winter Youth Olympic Games hosted so far . Brazil is currently ranked 13th on the Summer Games all-time medal table and the country has not yet won a medal at the Winter Youth Olympic Games .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4a636cc882aadc3cb6db51baa1146a50",
"text": "2018 Summer Youth Olympics The Buenos Aires 2018 Summer Youth Olympic Games ( Spanish : Juegos Olímpicos de la Juventud de 2018 ) is the third edition of the Summer Youth Olympics , a major international sports in which culture and education are also of great importance , are due to be celebrated in the tradition of the Summer Olympic Games on 6 -- 18 October 2018 in Buenos Aires , Argentina . . It will be the first Summer Youth Olympic Games to be held outside Asia .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8432e56bf48acb4cdf9e8528b21b1fe4",
"text": "Korean National Sports Festival The Korean National Sports Festival is an annual sports competition held in South Korea . For a full week each October , about 20,000 athletes representing 16 cities and provinces throughout the country compete in about 40 separate sports . The site rotates among the major cities , including Seoul , Busan , Daegu , Gwangju and Incheon . The 2005 festival was held in Ulsan and the 2009 festival in Daejeon . Competitions are held in High School , College , and Regular Divisions .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5d90fd267e6d0669052e500588ea8935",
"text": "World Air Games World Air Games ( WAG ) is an international air sports event organized by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale ( International Aeronautical Federation - FAI ) , inspired by the Olympic Games and held every four years .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ae03c711741264cf11792d54ff1d4144",
"text": "Football at the Pacific Games Football has been a regular event at the Pacific Games , the multi-sports event for Pacific nations , territories and dependencies , since 1963 . Until 2011 the tournament was known as the South Pacific games . Since 1971 the competition has been held every four years , but was not played in 1999 due to contract issues . In 2007 , the men 's competition doubled as OFC 's preliminary qualifying competition for the 2010 FIFA World Cup . A women 's tournament was first introduced in 2003 , and has doubled up as the preliminary qualifying competition for the Olympic Games since 2007 . The men 's tournament also became the Olympic qualifier for Oceania for the 2015 edition .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "86b302556013ddc05b50ce2e1bb05d5a",
"text": "Golf at the Youth Olympic Games Golf was inducted at the Youth Olympic Games at the second edition in 2014 . This marked the return of Golf to the Olympics programme after 110 years , as it was voted an Olympic sport for the 2016 Summer Olympics .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "601d31f8923b57c4e36d28c934878738",
"text": "Vietnam at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics Vietnam competed at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics , the inaugural Youth Olympic Games , held in Singapore from 14 August to 26 August 2010 . The Vietnamese team comprised 13 athletes competing in 7 sports : aquatics ( swimming ) , athletics , shooting , badminton , taekwondo , wrestling , weightlifting .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a963b7a739854660b8cd7925a0f85926",
"text": "2014 Asian Games opening ceremony The 2014 Asian Games opening ceremony was held on Friday , 19 September 2014 . It began at 6:00 pm Korea Standard Time ( UTC +9 ) and ended at 11:29 pm . The ceremony took place at newly built Incheon Asiad Main Stadium . The ceremony shows a perfect combination of Asian tradition with latest innovation . The ceremony has been directed by renowned Im Kwon-taek and Jang Jin with the performances being divided into four acts that will depict Asia 's past , present and future . It will include topics like Asia long time ago , Asia meeting through the sea , Asia as family and friends and Asia as one and future joining with today . Several South Korean singers and performers will highlight the Korean traditional art . The evening gala covered four acts , from `` Asia long time ago '' , `` Asia meeting through the sea '' , `` Asia as family and friends '' , and `` Asia as one and future joining with today '' . South Korean actors Chang Dong-Geon and Kim Soo-hyun led the stories , with Chang narrating the first story and Kim appearing through a video during the second stage . International Olympic Committee President Thomas Bach , South Korean President Park Geun-hye and other state dignitaries attended the ceremony . After being carried to the stadium by golfer Inbee Park and speed skater Lee Kyou-hyuk , the Asian Games ceremonial flame was lighted by South Korean actress Lee Young-ae of Dae Jang Geum ( Jewel in the Palace ) fame . South Korean entertainer Psy and Chinese pianist Lang Lang performed the final musical number of the opening ceremony . In the Parade of Nations , North Korea was loudly cheered by those who attended . China and Japan were also enthusiastically welcomed .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3cf06d4a2244fe323f604ed40d78f50f",
"text": "Winter Olympic Games The Winter Olympic Games ( Jeux olympiques d'hiver ) is a major international sporting event that occurs once every four years . Unlike the Summer Olympics , the Winter Olympics feature sports practised on snow and ice . The first Winter Olympics , the 1924 Winter Olympics , was held in Chamonix , France . The original five sports ( broken into nine disciplines ) were bobsleigh , curling , ice hockey , Nordic skiing ( consisting of the disciplines military patrol , cross-country skiing , Nordic combined , and ski jumping ) , and skating ( consisting of the disciplines figure skating and speed skating ) . The Games were held every four years from 1924 until 1936 , after which they were interrupted by World War II . The Olympics resumed in 1948 and was again held every four years . Until 1992 , the Winter and Summer Olympic Games were held in the same years , but in accordance with a 1986 decision by the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) to place the Summer and Winter Games on separate four-year cycles in alternating even-numbered years , the next Winter Olympics after 1992 was in 1994 . The Winter Games have evolved since its inception . Sports and disciplines have been added and some of them , such as Alpine skiing , luge , short track speed skating , freestyle skiing , skeleton , and snowboarding , have earned a permanent spot on the Olympic programme . Others ( such as curling and bobsleigh ) have been discontinued and later reintroduced , or have been permanently discontinued ( such as military patrol , though the modern Winter Olympic sport of biathlon is descended from it ) . Still others , such as speed skiing , bandy and skijoring , were demonstration sports but never incorporated as Olympic sports . The rise of television as a global medium for communication enhanced the profile of the Games . It created an income stream , via the sale of broadcast rights and advertising , which has become lucrative for the IOC . This allowed outside interests , such as television companies and corporate sponsors , to exert influence . The IOC has had to address several criticisms , internal scandals , the use of performance-enhancing drugs by Winter Olympians , as well as a political boycott of the Winter Olympics . Nations have used the Winter Games to showcase the claimed superiority of their political systems . The Winter Olympics has been hosted on three continents by eleven different countries . The Games have been held in the United States four times ( 1932 , 1960 , 1980 , 2002 ) ; in France three times ( 1924 , 1968 , 1992 ) ; and in Austria ( 1964 , 1976 ) , Canada ( 1988 , 2010 ) , Japan ( 1972 , 1998 ) , Italy ( 1956 , 2006 ) , Norway ( 1952 , 1994 ) , and Switzerland ( 1928 , 1948 ) twice . Also , the Games have been held in Germany ( 1936 ) , Yugoslavia ( 1984 ) , and Russia ( 2014 ) once . The IOC has selected Pyeongchang , South Korea , to host the 2018 Winter Olympics and Beijing , China , to host the 2022 Winter Olympics . No city in the southern hemisphere has hosted or even been an applicant to host the Winter Olympics ; the major challenge preventing one hosting the games is the dependence on winter weather , and the traditional February timing of the games falls in the middle of the southern hemisphere summer . Twelve countries -- Austria , Canada , Finland , France , Great Britain , Hungary , Italy , Norway , Poland , Sweden , Switzerland and the United States -- have sent athletes to every Winter Olympic Games . Six of those -- Austria , Canada , Finland , Norway , Sweden and the United States -- have earned medals at every Winter Olympic Games , and only one -- the United States -- has earned gold at each Games . Norway leads in terms of number of gold medals and overall number of medals . Germany and Japan have been banned at times from competing in the Games .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
5dc5bc07dc7cbb614d200524c3ef8173 | Kuala Lumpur is the cultural center of Malaysia. | [
{
"docid": "d6c239ba600653b33785b19c873d8f6b",
"text": "Kuala Lumpur Kuala Lumpur ( -LSB- ˈkwɑːlə ˈlʊmpʊə -RSB- or -LSB- - pər -RSB- -LSB- ˈkwalə ˈlumpʊr -RSB- ) , officially the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur , or more commonly KL , is the national capital of Malaysia as well as its largest city . The only alpha world city in Malaysia , it covers an area of 243 km2 and has an estimated population of 1.73 million . Greater Kuala Lumpur , also known as the Klang Valley , is an urban agglomeration of 7.25 million people . It is among the fastest growing metropolitan regions in South-East Asia , in both population and economic development . Kuala Lumpur is the cultural , financial and economic centre of Malaysia , home to the Parliament of Malaysia , and the official residence of the Malaysian King , the Istana Negara . The city once held the headquarters of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government as well , but they were moved to Putrajaya in early 1999 . Some sections of the judiciary still remain in Kuala Lumpur . Kuala Lumpur is one of three Federal Territories of Malaysia , enclaved within the state of Selangor , on the central west coast of Peninsular Malaysia . Since the 1990s , the city has played host to many international sporting , political and cultural events including the 1998 Commonwealth Games and the Formula One Grand Prix . Kuala Lumpur has undergone rapid development in recent decades . It is home to the tallest twin buildings in the world , the Petronas Twin Towers , which have become an iconic symbol of Malaysia 's futuristic development .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "bf78ffd72fda22b056b34ed5863fc5de",
"text": "Desa Petaling Desa Petaling is a township in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . This townships is located between Kuchai Lama , Kampung Malaysia and Sri Petaling .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6e3d847285a40f9a4574c915eb51a655",
"text": "Malay Peninsula The Malay Peninsula ( Semenanjung Tanah Melayu , سمننجوڠ تانه ملايو คาบสมุทรมลายู , , -LSB- kʰâːp.sā.mùt mā.lāː.jūː -RSB- ) is a peninsula in Southeast Asia . The land mass runs approximately north-south and , at its terminus , is the southernmost point of the Asian mainland . The area contains the southernmost tip of Myanmar , Peninsular Malaysia , and Southern Thailand . The Titiwangsa Mountains are part of the Tenasserim Hills system , and form the backbone of the Peninsula . They form the southernmost section of the central cordillera which runs from Tibet through the Kra Isthmus ( the Peninsula 's narrowest point ) into the Malay Peninsula . The Strait of Malacca separates the Malay Peninsula from the Indonesian island of Sumatra while the south coast is separated from the island of Singapore by the Straits of Johor .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0c1ebda683b5eb1cb85e5c3bed41aee9",
"text": "Malaysian Heritage and History Club Malaysian Heritage and History Club ( MHHC ) aims to provide an objective , truthful and balanced account of Malaysian history , promote inter-ethnic relations and forge greater national unity . Background MHHC is a Facebook-based group , created on October 13th , 2012 . The Club as of May 21st , 2017 has 16,487 members . Topics discussed in the group are mostly Malaysian history , heritage , culture , wildlife and natural heritage . The group is often used as source of information by students , researchers , individuals , online websites and local dailies . On the Facebook platform , English is the preferred language in the Club to benefit its international audience and enable a wider scope for exchange of ideas . Bahasa Malaysia and other languages are acceptable . Where translations are not provided , other members of the group will offer translations , particularly when important topics are being discussed or when requested . Author and composer Saidah Rastam in her book Rosalie and Other Love Songs , acknowledged the Club - '' The Malaysian Heritage and History Club has irreverent but erudite members '' . The Club organises many activities outside its Facebook platform , starting with Heritage Talks in Malacca since March 2013 and Heritage Talk KL Series in September 2013 . Speakers are sourced from the Club members itself based on their own fields of expertise . Events are conducted in the spirit of sharing and collaboration . Most of the talks can been viewed on the Club 's dedicated MHHC Youtube channel . Club 's Logo The boat represents the journey of sharing and learning , discussions and debates sometimes stormy , sometimes calm . The color red is bold and brave - speaking out of the mind , yellow represents knowledge , blueish green sea waves signify challenges . Multiracialism and multiculturalism are represented by the use of multilingual text . Heritage Talk In March 2013 , the Club organised its first monthly series of Heritage Talks in Melaka . Speakers were sourced from the Club members according to their expertise . They were held in Riverine Coffeehouse in Lorong Hang Jebat , Melaka from March 2013 to January 2015 , before it closed down . Daily Fix Cafe , which is located at Jonker Street ( Jalan Hang Jebat ) then offered its premises for the talks in March and April 2015 . The last talk in Melaka was on Shellabear and was held at Shellabear Hall a former boarding house for Methodist Girls School in Tranquerah , Malacca . Heritage Talk KL Series As membership grew bigger , there were requests for talks to be held in Kuala Lumpur . D7 Sentul offered to host for KL talks starting in September 2013 . On September 2015 onwards all talks in KL were held at Badan Warisan , Kuala Lumpur . MHHC Big Events September 5th/6th , 2015 - People 's Merdeka Exhibition - Badan Warisan , KL October 17th , 2015 - Save Pekan Ampang - Heritage Talk and Photo Walk , Ampang Community Hall April 2nd , 2016 - MHHC Wild Wildlife with Tenok and Friends - Badan Warisan , KL September 3rd , 2016 - People 's Youth Exhibition - Badan Warisan , KL November 19th , 2016 - MHHC 's Roots of Malacca - NUS School of Architecture at Tun Tan Cheng Lock Center , Melaka November 26th , 2016 - Roots Kuala Lumpur - Badan Warisan , KL March 18th , 2017 - MHHC Wild Wildlife with Kanchil and Friends - Badan Warisan , KL Other Initiatives In 2015 , a collaboration with the Portuguese Malacca community and Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum Melaka was started to revive the old Melaka Chinese New Year practices . The Serani Teng Teng was revived and reintroduced during the New Old Malacca Exhibition . Serani Teng Teng is a group of buskers consisting of 3 Portuguese boys who went busking door to door around Malacca town on the first day of Chinese New Year . The revival of the Serani Teng Teng received wide media coverage and the actual busking took place during the first day of Chinese New Year in 2016 The first publication from the Club was launched during the People 's Merdeka Exhibiton in September 2015 . The book/zine `` Messing with Melaka '' consists of Melaka 's historical facts , suggestions of places to eat and visit within 24 hours . A dedicated book review blog Hooked on Books was created on September 20th , 2015 . Members are free to submit their reviews which will be published in the blog . Collaborators and friends Baba Nyonya Heritage Museum Melaka Badan Warisan Malaysia References UNSHACKLING HISTORY new love for the old on heritage SAVING MALACCA : THE STORY OF AN OLD TOWN TOLD THROUGH ITS INHABITANTS A show by the people for the people MHHC Wild Wildlife with Tenok and Friends Who wins ? Heritage town Pekan Ampang is in the way of the Suke Highway Our own May 13 stories - a celebration of love Dad 's The Way",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d8c79043e0e6a4e63b6652467a05fcbb",
"text": "Kuala Terengganu Kuala Terengganu ( -LSB- ˈkuˈala ˈtəˈrengˈganu -RSB- Jawi : , ) , often abbreviated as K.T. , is the administrative capital , royal capital and the main economic centre of Terengganu , Malaysia . Kuala Terengganu is also the administrative centre for the eponymous district of Kuala Terengganu . Kuala Terengganu is located about 440 kilometres northeast of Kuala Lumpur on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia . The city is situated at the estuary of Terengganu River , facing the South China Sea . As a district , Kuala Terengganu is the smallest in terms of area , but it ( together with the district of Kuala Nerus that form the city area ) has the largest population in Terengganu with a population of 406,317 in 2010 . City status was awarded to Kuala Terengganu with the title Bandaraya Warisan Pesisir Air ( English : Coastal Heritage City ) on 1 January 2008 . Besides being a major political and economic centre to the state , the city is also the main gateway to many of the state 's tourist destinations . The attractions in and around the city include Kampung Cina , Pasar Besar Kedai Payang , Terengganu State Museum , and Batu Buruk Beach . Even though the city is not spared from modernity and development , Kuala Terengganu still retains strong Malay influences that are intermixed with other cultures from its long history as a port .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b8ae59cf4492c6ede5a2c53ca50c9a4b",
"text": "Plaza Low Yat Low Yat Plaza ( Malay : Plaza Low Yat ) is a shopping mall specializing in electronics and IT products in Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . In 2009 , Plaza Low Yat was named `` Malaysia 's Largest IT Lifestyle Mall '' by the Malaysia Book of Records . Plaza Low Yat falls under the Low Yat Group , alongside other properties in the city centre such as Federal Hotel , Capitol Hotel , Federal Arcade and BBpark . Plaza Low Yat is widely regarded as the most comprehensive IT mall in Kuala Lumpur , offering various IT products and services from mobile , photography , and gaming , to computing and repairs . Each floor in the mall generally specializes in a particular group of IT products . The mall is notoriously known for the amount of haggling and price comparisons required in order to find good deals , as well as the availability of software and games at relatively cheap prices .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f7e26e5959a23b8c0ecab50bc2be1c68",
"text": "History of the Jews in Malaysia Malaysian Jews are Jews living in Malaysia , or those originally from the country . The state of Penang was once home to a Jewish community , until the latter part of the 1970s , by which time most had emigrated due to growing state-sanctioned antisemitism . They were also found elsewhere in the nation , especially in Negeri Sembilan and Malacca . Indications of the growing racial and religious hostility in the nation has caused many Malaysian Jews to leave or flee the country . The Malaysian Jewish community consists of Jews of Sephardic origin who live amongst the Kristang people ( Malacca-Portuguese ) , Mizrahi Jews ( the majority of whom are Baghdadi Jews ) , Malabar Jews and Ashkenazi Jews .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4d8a7b0aacbffb220547ceb97cb2ebdf",
"text": "Poverty in Malaysia Poverty in Malaysia is a controversial economic issue . The definition of poverty and the poverty line for Malaysians has been disputed , and government policies to address poverty such as the Malaysian New Economic Policy have been met with political protest . Malaysia 's total population is 31 million as of 2015 , of which 0.6 % live below the national poverty line . Malaysia has grown rapidly in terms of economic development . An indicator is that in 2014 , 65.6 % of the population aged 15 years and above were employed .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "81cbc0e799e1623dcc405466f3b17a1b",
"text": "Karamunsing Complex Karamunsing Complex is a shopping centre located in the city of Kota Kinabalu , Sabah , Malaysia . It is one of the earliest shopping mall in the city , together with Centre Point and Wisma Merdeka . The complex is mainly known for selling IT products and services .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "48f851b247bfc9b577f171e60550e644",
"text": "Lipis District The Lipis District is a district located in north-west of Pahang , Malaysia . The district covers an area of 5,198 km ² . Lipis district is bordered by Cameron Highlands and Perak on the west , Jerantut on the east , Kelantan and Raub on the north and south , respectively . Lipis has 10 mukim or subdistricts , the largest being Ulu Jelai . The district capital is Kuala Lipis . During the British colonization , Kuala Lipis was made the state 's capital city . Kuala Lipis was the administrative capital of Pahang for 57 years from 1898 until 27 August 1955 , when Kuantan was picked as the new capital . Lipis was blessed with many types of minerals such as tin and gold , and products from the surrounding forests . Sungai Relau , near Merapoh , is an alternative entry point ( there are about 4 entry points ) into Taman Negara , Malaysia 's Premier National park and one of the three embarkation points to Gunung Tahan , the highest mountain in Peninsular Malaysia standing at 2,187 meters above sea level . Lipis is home to 74,581 people ( as of 2010 ) , with the Malay/Bumiputra formed the majority ( 85.3 % ) , the Chinese with 10.5 % , the Indian with 4 % , while the others 0.2 % .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "083685ad4f22a30480eba7d346513bce",
"text": "Malaysian Chinese cuisine Malaysian Chinese cuisine is derived from the culinary traditions of Chinese Malaysian immigrants and their descendants , who have adapted or modified their culinary traditions under the influence of Malaysian culture as well as immigration patterns of Chinese to Malaysia . Because the vast majority of Chinese Malaysians are descendants of immigrants from southern China , Malaysian Chinese cuisine is predominantly based on an eclectic repertoire of dishes with roots from Fujian , Cantonese , Hakka and Teochew cuisines . As these early immigrants settled in different regions throughout what was then British Malaya and Borneo , they carried with them traditions of foods and recipes that were particularly identified with their origins in China , which gradually became infused with the characteristics of their new home locale in Malaysia while remaining distinctively Chinese . For example , Hainanese chicken rice is usually flavoured with tropical pandan leaves and served with chilli sauce for dipping , and tastes unlike the typical chicken dishes found in Hainan Island itself . Some of these foods and recipes became closely associated with a specific city , town or village , eventually developing iconic status and culminating in a proliferation of nationwide popularity in the present day . Chinese food is especially prominent in areas with concentrated Chinese communities , at roadside stalls , hawker centres and kopitiam , as well as smart cafes and upmarket restaurants throughout the nation . Many Chinese dishes have pork as a component ingredient , but chicken is available as a substitution for Muslim customers from the wider community , and some Chinese restaurants are even halal-certified .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7f2f5176a24470814b819f48a2299a5f",
"text": "Bosnia and Herzegovina–Malaysia relations Bosnia and Herzegovina -- Malaysia relations refers to a foreign relations between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Malaysia . Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in Kuala Lumpur , and Malaysia has an embassy in Sarajevo .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "64ea6ca34ecf70dd3c1e52cfdfaabcb4",
"text": "Maybank Tower (Kuala Lumpur) Maybank Tower ( Menara Maybank ) is a skyscraper in Pudu , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia . The tower is the headquarters of Maybank and houses the Maybank Numismatic Museum .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "56fe0c5b11a79260dbbd3ed19ac50593",
"text": "Malaysian Tamil diaspora The Malaysian Tamil diaspora refers to the global diaspora of malaysian Tamil origin . It can be said to be a subset of the larger Malaysian and Tamil diaspora . Most of them settled in Singapore , Australia and North America .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "30ec37a61e541615886802cc98d7e17f",
"text": "Merdeka Award The Merdeka Award is a Malaysian award that recognises and celebrates the achievements and significant contributions of individuals to Malaysia and her people , within their respective fields . The Royal Patron of the Merdeka Award Trust is His Royal Highness ( HRH ) the Sultan of Perak Darul Ridzuan , Sultan Nazrin Muizzuddin Shah .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "09315c23a42532417c82a7a177b8448d",
"text": "Thai Malays Thai Malays ( Orang Melayu Thai , ไทยเชื้อสายมลายู , Jawi : ملايو تاي , Pattani Malay : Oré Nayu , Jawi or Bangso Yawi ) is a term used to refer to ethnic Malays in Thailand . Thailand hosts the third largest ethnic Malay population after Malaysia and Indonesia , and most Malays are concentrated in the Southern provinces of Narathiwat , Pattani , Yala , Songkhla , and Satun . Phuket and Ranong , home to a sizeable Muslim population , also has many people who are of Malay descent . A sizeable community also exists in Thailand 's capital Bangkok , having descended from migrants or deportees who were relocated from the South from the 13th century onwards . Ethnic Malays in Narathiwat , Pattani , Yala , and Songkhla are due in part to cultural differences from the Thai people as well as past experiences of forced attempts to assimilate them into Thai mainstream culture after the annexation of the Pattani Kingdom by the Sukhothai Kingdom . On the other hand , ethnic Malays in Satun , Phuket , Ranong and Bangkok are less inclined towards separatism . The Sam Sams who make up the bulk of Satun 's population ( but also a significant minority in Phatthalung Trang , Krabi , Phang Nga and Songkhla as well as in the Malaysian states of Kedah , Perak and Perlis ) are a distinct ethnic group who generally adhere to Islam , but are culturally Thai ( although with some Malay influences ) and speak a Southern Thai dialect interspersed with some Malay loanwords .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d9524f43cb16b7eebb0da1da88e6fa80",
"text": "1997 in Malaysia 1997 in Malaysia is the 40th anniversary of Malaysia 's independence .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "335100050008ae612f37ed37c3daf88f",
"text": "Encyclopedia of Malaysia The Encyclopedia of Malaysia is a multi-volume encyclopedia about Malaysia . To date , 13 volumes of the planned 16-volume series have been published . Each volume deals with a single subject area and is composed of thematic , double-page spreads . Over 400 authors , mainly Malaysians , have contributed to the series . The patron of The Encyclopedia of Malaysia is Tun Mahathir bin Mohamad . In 1998 , first five volumes were launched by Dato ' Seri Mohd . Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak who was then the Minister of Education in Malaysia . Volumes 6 and 7 were launched in 2001 by HRH the Sultan of Selangor ( at that time the Regent of Selangor ) . Volumes 8 and 9 were launched by Dato ' Seri Utama Rais Yatim , Minister of Culture , Arts and Heritage , in 2004 . Volume 10 was launched by Dato ' Abdullah bin Md Zin , Minister in the Prime Minister 's Department for Religious Affairs , in December 2005 . On 29 August 2006 , volume 11 was launched by Dato ' Sri Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak , the Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia at that time .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a1b7756f44f6b0af674b4254b623cbf1",
"text": "List of diplomatic missions of Malaysia This is a list of diplomatic missions of Malaysia . Malaysia 's foreign ministry started in 1957 when the country obtained independence , with a staff of eleven British and Australian trained foreign service officers . It initially had missions in London , Canberra , New Delhi , Tokyo , Bangkok , Rome and Washington , growing to fourteen missions in 1963 , 21 missions in 1965 and 106 missions by 2008 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3c7189ffbf094636da78648017e39d5f",
"text": "National Film Development Corporation Malaysia The National Film Development Corporation Malaysia ( Perbadanan Kemajuan Filem Nasional ) , abbreviated FINAS , is the central government agency for the film industry of Malaysia . FINAS is similar to the Motion Picture Association of America in the United States . On 2013 , Filem Negara Malaysia was merged with FINAS to form a single agency .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "60da9094d842b474c6dccbc23ec84fb4",
"text": "Kolej Sultan Abdul Hamid Kolej Sultan Abdul Hamid ( Sultan Abdul Hamid College abbreviated SAHC ; also known as Maktab Sultan Abdul Hamid ) located in Alor Setar , Kedah , is one of Malaysia 's oldest and most prestigious schools . Founded in 1908 as Government English School ( G.E.S. ) , it is also one of the country 's oldest English-medium schools . The students of Kolej , are mostly boys as Forms 1 to 5 are for boys only , and the Lower and Upper Sixth Forms are co-educational . There were only 50 students back in the year 1908 and by 2007 more than 1200 students were enrolled . The school is fondly known as `` Kolej '' to the people of Alor Setar and also Kedah as a whole . Students of this school are proudly known as `` Collegians '' . The school 's yearly magazine , Darulaman ( `` the abode of peace '' ) , takes its name from the state of Kedah 's honorific title . The school celebrated its 100 years in existence in the year 2008 and the Sultan Abdul Hamid Old Collegians ' Association ( SAHOCA ) has built a new hall , the Dewan Centennial Sultan Abdul Halim in the school to commemorate the 100 year celebrations . The hall was officiated on May 18 , 2016 and is named after His Royal Highness , Seri Paduka Baginda Yang Di-Pertuan Agung of Malaysia ( Supreme King of Malaysia ) , also the present Sultan of the state of Kedah , Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Badlishah who was also named the `` Collegian of the Century '' during the school 's 100 year celebrations in 2008 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
abdc96cbc6b2aa8e5939526461e76cf0 | Spotlight got its release in 2015. | [
{
"docid": "79c74bf242aeaf1bbe624f797fcb7582",
"text": "Spotlight (film) Spotlight is a 2015 American biographical crime drama film directed by Tom McCarthy and written by McCarthy and Josh Singer . The film follows The Boston Globe `` Spotlight '' team , the oldest continuously operating newspaper investigative journalist unit in the United States , and its investigation into cases of widespread and systemic child sex abuse in the Boston area by numerous Roman Catholic priests . It is based on a series of stories by the `` Spotlight '' team that earned The Globe the 2003 Pulitzer Prize for Public Service . The film stars Mark Ruffalo , Michael Keaton , Rachel McAdams , John Slattery , Stanley Tucci , Brian d'Arcy James , Liev Schreiber , and Billy Crudup . Spotlight was shown in the Out of Competition section of the 72nd Venice International Film Festival . It was also shown at the Telluride Film Festival and the Special Presentations section of the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival . The film was released on November 6 , 2015 , by Open Road Films and grossed $ 90 million worldwide . It won numerous guilds and critics ' association awards , and was named one of the finest films of 2015 by various publications . Spotlight won the Academy Award for Best Picture along with Best Original Screenplay from six nominations in total , making Spotlight the first film from Open Road Films to win in either category . This also marks the first film to win Best Picture from a different mini-major studio than Lionsgate , Summit ( later bought by Lionsgate in 2012 ) , Miramax , or TWC .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "ea1d3667b745296500552792e8283043",
"text": "IPod Touch The iPod Touch ( stylized and marketed as iPod touch ) is an iOS-based all-purpose handheld PC designed and marketed by Apple Inc. with a user interface that is touchscreen-based . It can be used as a music and video player , digital camera , handheld game device , and personal digital assistant ( PDA ) . It connects to the Internet only through Wi-Fi base stations , does not use cellular network data , and is therefore not a smartphone , though it has a similar design to the iPhone and is often referred to as the `` iPhone without a phone '' . Furthermore , it does not fit in Apple 's iPhone accessories such as their leather cases . As of May 2013 , 100 million iPod Touch units had been sold . It is also the most popular iPod model . iPod touch models are sold by storage space and color , with all models of the same generation typically offering otherwise identical features , processors , and performance , in addition to available operating system upgrades ; an exception was the fifth generation , as the low-end ( 16 GB ) model was initially sold without a rear-facing camera . The current iPod touch is the sixth-generation model , released on July 15 , 2015 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8afad354e45aea782a99f79e264e8984",
"text": "Unboxing Unboxing is the unpacking of new products , especially high tech consumer products , where the process is captured on video and uploaded to the web . Yahoo Tech places the first Unboxing video to be for the Nokia E61 cellphone in 2006 . According to Google Trends , searches for the term `` unboxing '' began to surface in the final quarter of 2006 . Early unboxing videos were focused mainly either on gadgets or fashion items , however once the trend took off unboxing videos were available for , as Yahoo 's Deb Amien put it `` nearly every thing that is available for purchase '' By 2014 the popularity of the videos were such that some companies had been known to upload unboxing videos for their own products , whilst others sent products to uploaders for free . Some consider the popularity of this practice is due to the ability of showing the product exactly for what it is without any adulteration advertisers usually make around the product . Being able to see what one is getting can contribute to the decision process . Some users have tried to make these unboxings more interesting by adding special effects or doing them in different ways , such as underwater unboxing of a waterproof smartphone .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c6129067205e756a9990a65da0e0e1f0",
"text": "21st Screen Actors Guild Awards The 21st Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards , honoring the best achievements in film and television performances for the year 2014 , were presented on January 25 , 2015 , on both TNT and TBS 8:00 p.m. EST / 5:00 p.m. PST . Nominees were announced on December 10 , 2014 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e9b92af2b9f34fc7ba5d46bfd2493612",
"text": "2015 in music This topic covers notable events and articles related to 2015 in music .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "217cf9030e23f3ab902741569570d4fb",
"text": "Reuters Insider Reuters Insider is a website provided by Thomson Reuters that offers financial videos for viewing online , and launched on May 11 , 2010 . Visitors can view videos free-of-charge during the current promotional period , after which the website will only be accessible to Reuters subscribers , who typically pay about US$ 2,000 per month . The website has been described as `` YouTube for traders '' . Video from the website is created by Thomson Reuters ' own reporters , as well as the company 's roughly 150 partners . Thomson Reuters spent about $ 100 million to develop the website . Reuters Insider is targeted towards financial experts , while Thomson Reuter 's primary competitor , Bloomberg L.P. , has begun to focus more on targeting the average consumer by purchasing business magazine BusinessWeek . The website is part of an overall $ 1 billion plan by the company to update its technology to make financial information accessible to more users .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a28dfdfea79740d223d94bb1e964c83a",
"text": "Media Foundation Media Foundation ( MF ) is a COM-based multimedia framework pipeline and infrastructure platform for digital media in Windows Vista , Windows 7 , Windows 8 , Windows 8.1 and Windows 10 . It is the intended replacement for Microsoft DirectShow , Windows Media SDK , DirectX Media Objects ( DMOs ) and all other so-called `` legacy '' multimedia APIs such as Audio Compression Manager ( ACM ) and Video for Windows ( VfW ) . The existing DirectShow technology is intended to be replaced by Media Foundation step-by-step , starting with a few features . For some time there will be a co-existence of Media Foundation and DirectShow . Media Foundation will not be available for previous Windows versions , including Windows XP . The first release , present in Windows Vista , focuses on audio and video playback quality , high-definition content ( i.e. HDTV ) , content protection and a more unified approach for digital data access control for digital rights management ( DRM ) and its interoperability . It integrates DXVA 2.0 for offloading more of the video processing pipeline to hardware , for better performance . Videos are processed in the colorspace they were encoded in , and are handed off to the hardware , which composes the image in its native colorspace . This prevents intermediate colorspace conversions to improve performance . MF includes a new video renderer , called Enhanced Video Renderer ( EVR ) , which is the next iteration of VMR 7 and 9 . EVR has better support for playback timing and synchronization . It uses the Multimedia Class Scheduler Service ( MMCSS ) , a new service that prioritizes real time multimedia processing , to reserve the resources required for the playback , without any tearing or glitches . The second release included in Windows 7 introduces expanded media format support and DXVA HD for acceleration of HD content if WDDM 1.1 drivers are used .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9f2079bd65e395bf4c8079ca25d5366f",
"text": "Adobe Encore Adobe Encore ( previously Adobe Encore DVD ) is a DVD authoring software tool produced by Adobe Systems and targeted at professional video producers . Video and audio resources may be used in their current format for development , allowing the user to transcode them to MPEG-2 video and Dolby Digital audio upon project completion . DVD menus can be created and edited in Adobe Photoshop using special layering techniques . Adobe Encore does not support writing to a Blu-ray Disc using AVCHD 2.0 . Encore is bundled with Adobe Premiere Pro CS6 . Adobe Encore CS6 was the last release . While Premiere Pro CC has moved to the Creative Cloud , Encore has now been discontinued .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "38b0670ba46f7613ecf52b06b5993f89",
"text": "Disclosure discography English electronic music duo Disclosure has released two studio albums , six extended plays , 14 singles and three promotional singles . Their debut studio album , Settle , was released in June 2013 , peaking at number one on the UK Albums Chart . The duo scored their first UK hit in October 2012 with `` Latch '' , featuring vocals from English singer Sam Smith . The song peaked at number 11 on the UK Singles Chart . `` White Noise '' was released as the second single from the album in February 2013 , reaching number two on the UK Singles Chart . `` You & Me '' was released as the third single from the album in April 2013 , peaking at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart . `` F for You '' was released as the fourth single from the album in August 2013 . The single was re-released in February 2014 with Mary J. Blige providing guest vocals . `` Help Me Lose My Mind '' was released as the album 's fifth single in October 2013 . `` Voices '' was released as the album 's sixth single on in December 2013 . The duo 's second studio album , Caracal , was released in September 2015 . `` Bang That '' was released as a promotional single in May 2015 ; however , the song appears on the deluxe edition of the album instead of the standard edition . `` Holding On '' , featuring American jazz musician Gregory Porter , was released as the album 's lead single . The song peaked at number 46 in the UK Singles Chart . Disclosure 's second collaboration with Smith , `` Omen '' , was released as the second single from the album in July 2015 , reaching number 13 on the UK Singles Chart .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6a07e0691e5ec54010f6f5fa1f84a5ac",
"text": "Preview (theatre) Previews are a set of public performances of a theatrical presentation that precede its official opening . The purpose of previews is to allow the director and crew to identify problems and opportunities for improvement that were n't found during rehearsals and to make adjustments before critics are invited to attend . The duration of the preview period varies , and ticket prices may be reduced . The term can also be used to describe an exhibition of a film to evaluate an audience 's reaction and make possible changes before its official release . ( This is different from a `` trailer '' , a short advertisement for a finished film . ) To avoid this confusion , `` test screening '' would be a more appropriate term than `` preview '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f42e2f2eea054356dbc10dab7aefa612",
"text": "Peep search Peep Search ( or BetaSkipScan ) is feature available on many videocassette recorders and most camcorders , whereby the unit can show you what is on the tape during rewind and fast forward operations . For this feature to work seamlessly , the tape must be fully laced up ( wrapped around the video heads ) during rewind and fast-forward operation , which is not usually supported on VHS decks and therefore makes VHS almost the only video tape format where peep search is not usually available . To make a distinction between peep search and normal picture search , consider the following operations : Picture Search ( or cue and review ) : During tape playback , the Fast Forward or Rewind button is pressed . Depending on the model of machine , this button press may be momentary or have to be held . The picture can be viewed at high speed . When the button is released , or when Play is pressed again ( depending on model ) , the video tape will again play at normal speed . Peep Search : During tape fast forward or rewind , the same function is selected again with the Fast Forward or Rewind button . Now the machine instantly displays a high speed image from the tape . Upon releasing the button , the machine reverts to the fast forward or rewind function . On some models of equipment , the peep search is carried out at the full rewind or fast forward speed , but most slow the tape down to the picture search speed and actually perform a picture search operation . Peep Search is available with all of the following video tape formats : Video8/Hi8 Digital8 Betamax , though not implemented by Sanyo decks , most of which returned the tape to the cassette for high speed winding . Sony called their mode `` BetaSkipScan '' . miniDV , almost all miniDV equipment supports this feature , the notable exception being some JVC camcorders . micromv The following formats generally or always unlace during rewind and fast-forward operations and so are unable to carry out this function : VHS/SVHS though a few models attempt to emulate the functionality , mostly Sony V2000 The following formats remain laced during rewind and fast-forward operations but the mechanisms did not allow for this feature : N1500/N1700 The peep search function may go under differing names , or no name at all , with some manufacturers . Curiously , many manufacturers ' instruction manuals make no mention of this feature , even when it is installed . The name was first used by Canon . Category : Video storage",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "feb49e1ce040ab017c6e548ee703081e",
"text": "Flash (photography) A flash is a device used in photography producing a flash of artificial light ( typically 1/1000 to 1/200 of a second ) at a color temperature of about 5500 K ( Kelvin ) to help illuminate a scene . A major purpose of a flash is to illuminate a dark scene . Other uses are capturing quickly moving objects or changing the quality of light . Flash refers either to the flash of light itself or to the electronic flash unit discharging the light . Most current flash units are electronic , having evolved from single-use flashbulbs and flammable powders . Modern cameras often activate flash units automatically . Flash units are commonly built directly into a camera . Some cameras allow separate flash units to be mounted via a standardized `` accessory mount '' bracket ( a hot shoe ) . In professional studio equipment , flashes may be large , standalone units , or studio strobes , powered by special battery packs or connected to mains power . They are either synchronized with the camera using a flash synchronization cable or radio signal , or are light-triggered , meaning that only one flash unit needs to be synchronized with the camera , and in turn triggers the other units , called slaves .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "160f3c9e0384ccb5dcf642313c7501fe",
"text": "Adobe Flash Lite Adobe Flash Lite is a lightweight version of Adobe Flash Player , a software application published by Adobe Systems for viewing Flash content . Flash Lite operates on devices that Flash Player can not , such as mobile phones and other portable electronic devices like Wii , Chumby and Iriver . Flash Lite allows users of these devices to view multimedia content and applications developed using Adobe 's Flash tools , which had previously been available only on personal computers . As of 2014 , Flash Lite has been superseded by Adobe AIR as the primary development platform for mobile Flash content .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a3de88e381664e4c92e727be6eb44592",
"text": "Pentax Super-A The Pentax Super-A , also sold in some markets as the Pentax Super Program was a 35 mm single-lens reflex camera produced by Pentax of Japan in the 1980s . It is not the same camera as the slightly lower-specified `` Pentax Program A '' ( which also had an alternative name , the `` Pentax Program Plus '' . ) The camera offers fully automatic exposure ( `` program '' ) mode when coupled with an appropriate Pentax-A series lens . With such a lens the camera also offers shutter-priority mode , and with any compatible lens ( i.e. Pentax-M lenses in addition to the Pentax-A series ) the camera offers aperture-priority and fully manual modes . The shutter speeds , selected by up/down buttons rather than the conventional wheel , run from 1/2000 of a second to 15 seconds , plus a `` bulb '' mode . There is flash synchronisation at 1/125 of a second . Unlike the camera 's most direct predecessor , the semi-automatic Pentax ME-Super , this model can not function at 1/125 of a second , or at all , once the batteries have been exhausted . Speed is displayed on an LCD panel on the top of the camera adjacent to the buttons ( which also shows whether the camera is cocked ) , and both speed and aperture are visible on LCD displays inside the viewfinder . These receive natural light through a translucent plastic window on the pentaprism housing and can be electrically lit at the press of a button . Also in the viewfinder , centred , is a split image focus aid surrounded by a microprism ring . A further improvement over the ME Super was the inclusion of a depth-of-field preview lever . The camera also featured a self-timer , which was electronic rather than the manual lever of its predecessors . The available ISO film speed choices were extended too , and run from 6 to 3200 ASA . As with the previous M series cameras , there is a window next to the winder arm which indicated film movement , and assists the user in rewinding film into the cassette without losing the tip of the film . Metering is through the lens . Camera also features direct TTL flash metering . The Super A version was available with a black top-plate ( and matching base ) , the Super Program version was available with a chrome-coloured top-plate ( and matching base ) . The main body , plastic grip , and lenses were always black . The European camera of the year version ( 1983 ) had a small round brass plate on the front lefthand side of the body . This all came with a lens cap and strap with the European camera of the year insignia .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "89aab664ebc53d04845bf9335e75acfd",
"text": "Blind Spot (2015 film) Blind Spot is a 2015 Chinese suspense thriller film directed by Danny Pang . The film was released on October 23 , 2015 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "31e0c2902da52dd1f923e4530182e88b",
"text": "Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song The Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song was a new category at the 2015 ceremony of the annual Grammy Awards . It combines two previously separate categories in the Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music field , Best Contemporary Christian Music Song and Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance . The new category recognizes both songwriters and performers ( solo/duos/groups / collaborations/etc . ) and is open for singles or tracks only . Songwriters are only awarded a Grammy Award if it is a newly written song . Grammy 's for cover versions of previously recorded songs are awarded to the performer ( s ) only . Along with the also newly formed Best Gospel Performance/Song category , these mark the only Grammy categories which honor both performers and songwriters in one category . These changes were made in June 2014 by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences `` in the interest of clarifying the criteria , representing the current culture and creative DNA of the gospel and Contemporary Christian Music communities , and better reflecting the diversity and authenticity of today 's gospel music industry . '' According to the Grammy committee , the move recognizes `` the critical contribution of both songwriters and performers by combining songwriters and artists into the Best Gospel Performance/Song and Best Contemporary Christian Music Performance/Song categories . '' Gospel performances , which were previously recognized in the Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance category , will now fall under the newly created Best Gospel Performance/Song category .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "25ca1c20d4c110b3fbfdd886f6a0bf0c",
"text": "List of Saturday Night Live episodes Saturday Night Live ( SNL ) is a late-night sketch comedy and variety show created by Lorne Michaels . It premiered on NBC , a terrestrial television network , on October 11 , 1975 under the title NBC 's Saturday Night . The show often satirizes contemporary American popular culture and politics . Saturday Night Live features a two-tiered cast : the repertory members , also known as the `` Not Ready for Prime-Time Players , '' and newer cast members , known as `` Featured Players . '' Each week , the show features a host , often a well-known celebrity , who delivers an opening monologue and performs in sketches with the cast . A musical guest is also invited to perform several sets ( usually two , and occasionally more ) . Every so often a host or musical guest will fill both roles , such as was the case with Britney Spears in 2000 and 2002 , Jennifer Lopez in 2001 and 2010 , Justin Timberlake in 2003 , 2006 and 2013 , Taylor Swift in 2009 , Bruno Mars in 2012 , Lady Gaga in 2013 , Miley Cyrus in 2013 and 2015 , Drake in 2014 and 2016 , Blake Shelton in 2015 , and Ariana Grande in 2016 . With the exception of Season 7 and several other rare cases , the show has begun with a cold open that ends with someone breaking character and proclaiming `` Live from New York , it 's Saturday Night ! '' Saturday Night Live is one of the longest running network programs in American television history , with over 800 episodes broadcast over the span of 42 seasons . A number of the show 's sketches have been developed into feature films , including The Blues Brothers , Wayne 's World , A Night at the Roxbury , Superstar , Coneheads , and MacGruber . Seasons 1 through 5 are available on DVD in Region 1 . Various Saturday Night Live sketches are available in several new media formats , including streaming on Hulu and Netflix . Selected sketches and segments are also available for purchase at the iTunes Store to download and playback on home computers and certain iPod and iPhone models .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2cfcb814a3be475c6c358cb6c14a1ce1",
"text": "R40 Live R40 Live is the name for both the live audio album release , and the live video release , of Canadian rock band Rush 's R40 Live Tour . Both formats were released November 20 , 2015 . The performances were filmed on June 17 and 19 , 2015 , at Air Canada Centre , Toronto , Canada . The performance featured on Disc 3 of `` The Camera Eye '' was recorded in Kansas City , Missouri on July 9 , 2015 , and `` The Wreckers '' was recorded in Buffalo , New York . Additionally , `` Losing It '' was recorded in Los Angeles on August 1 . The audio CD album consists of three discs . Disc 1 contains the entire first set , disc 2 contains the second set , and disc 3 contains the encore , and seven bonus tracks . The video DVD/Blu-ray versions only contains the first three of the seven bonus tracks .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9b6ba33397046adb1cf82025b545b68c",
"text": "DirectX Media DirectX Media is a set of multimedia-related APIs for Microsoft Windows complementing DirectX . It included DirectAnimation for 2D/3D web animation , DirectShow for multimedia playback and streaming media , DirectX Transform for web interactivity , and Direct3D Retained Mode for higher level 3D graphics . DirectShow additionally contained DirectX plugins for audio signal processing and DirectX Video Acceleration for accelerated video playback . DirectX Media runtime components were distributed as part of Internet Explorer . DirectX Media SDK and DirectX SDK existed as two separate SDKs until DirectX 6.0 . Later on , Microsoft deprecated DirectX Media and integrated DirectShow , the key part of DirectX Media , into DirectX . As of April 2005 , DirectShow was removed from DirectX and moved to the Microsoft Platform SDK instead . DirectX is , however , still required to build the DirectShow samples . DirectShow and its components are to be gradually deprecated in favor of the newer Media Foundation .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "986dfb60276cdbf92b77cbc082925ffa",
"text": "Summertime '06 Summertime '06 is the debut studio double album by American rapper Vince Staples . It was released on June 30 , 2015 , by Def Jam Recordings , ARTium Recordings and Blacksmith Records . The album was primarily produced by No I.D. , alongside a variety of high-profile record producers , including DJ Dahi , Clams Casino , Brian Kidd , Christian Rich and Mikky Ekko . The album was supported by three singles : `` Señorita '' , `` Get Paid '' and `` Norf Norf '' . Summertime '06 received widespread acclaim from critics , who praised the album 's production and Staples ' lyricism . The album debuted at number 39 on the Billboard 200 , selling 13,000 album-equivalent units in its first week .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "23a8505250c515681bd2aa60044b4b98",
"text": "Low light level television Low light level television , initialized as LLLTV , is a type of electronic sensing device , usually a CCD camera sensitive to wavelengths above the normal `` visible '' ( 0.4 to 0.7 micrometre ) wavelengths , and into the short-wave Infrared - usually to about 1.0 to 1.1 micrometres . This allows viewing of objects in extremely low light levels , where they would not be seen by the naked eye . LLLTVs tend to be more affordable than infrared cameras , which typically cover ranges from 3 to 5 µm ( MWIR ) or 8 to 12 µm ( LWIR )",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
85677d3aa1a03bbdb45af34c4b9e0def | Zambia is bordered by Botswana. | [
{
"docid": "e261763ad4076cd5d08f67057e93f725",
"text": "Zambia Zambia ( -LSB- ˈzæmbiə -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Zambia , is a landlocked country in Southern Africa , neighbouring the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north , Tanzania to the north-east , Malawi to the east , Mozambique , Zimbabwe , Botswana and Namibia to the south , and Angola to the west . The capital city is Lusaka , in the south-central part of Zambia . The population is concentrated mainly around Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt Province to the northwest , the core economic hubs of the country . Originally inhabited by Khoisan peoples , the region was affected by the Bantu expansion of the thirteenth century . After visits by European explorers in the eighteenth century , Zambia became the British protectorate of Northern Rhodesia towards the end of the nineteenth century . For most of the colonial period , Zambia was governed by an administration appointed from London with the advice of the British South Africa Company . On 24 October 1964 , Zambia became independent of the United Kingdom and prime minister Kenneth Kaunda became the inaugural president . Kaunda 's socialist United National Independence Party ( UNIP ) maintained power from 1964 until 1991 . Kaunda played a key role in regional diplomacy , cooperating closely with the United States in search of solutions to conflicts in Rhodesia ( Zimbabwe ) , Angola , and Namibia . From 1972 to 1991 Zambia was a one-party state with the UNIP as the sole legal political party under the motto `` One Zambia , One Nation '' . Kaunda was succeeded by Frederick Chiluba of the social-democratic Movement for Multi-Party Democracy in 1991 , beginning a period of social-economic growth and government decentralisation . Levy Mwanawasa , Chiluba 's chosen successor , presided over Zambia from January 2002 until his death in August 2008 , and is credited with campaigns to reduce corruption and increase the standard of living . After Mwanawasa 's death , Rupiah Banda presided as Acting President before being elected President in 2008 . Holding office for only three years , Banda stepped down after his defeat in the 2011 elections by Patriotic Front party leader Michael Sata . Sata died on 28 October 2014 , the second Zambian president to die in office . Guy Scott served briefly as interim president until new elections were held on 20 January 2015 , in which Edgar Lungu was elected as the sixth President . In 2010 , the World Bank named Zambia one of the world 's fastest economically reformed countries . The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ( COMESA ) is headquartered in Lusaka .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "858e93c0d04a6521eff3b87ca4b8a9b4",
"text": "Zimbabwe Zimbabwe ( -LSB- zɪmˈbɑːbweɪ -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Zimbabwe , is a landlocked country located in southern Africa , between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers . It is bordered by South Africa to the south , Botswana to the west and southwest , Zambia to the northwest , and Mozambique to the east and northeast . Although it does not border Namibia , less than 200 metres of the Zambezi River separates it from that country . The capital and largest city is Harare . A country of roughly 13 million people , Zimbabwe has 16 official languages , with English , Shona , and Ndebele the most commonly used . Since the 11th century , present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organised states and kingdoms as well as a major route for migration and trade . The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first demarcated the present territory during the 1890s ; it became the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1923 . In 1965 , the conservative white minority government unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia . The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with black nationalist forces ; this culminated in a peace agreement that established universal enfranchisement and de jure sovereignty in April 1980 . Zimbabwe then rejoined the Commonwealth of Nations -- which it withdrew from in 2003 . It is a member of the United Nations , the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) , the African Union ( AU ) , and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa ( COMESA ) . Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980 , when his ZANU-PF party won the elections following the end of white minority rule ; he has been the president of Zimbabwe since 1987 . Under Mugabe 's authoritarian regime , the state security apparatus has dominated the country and been responsible for widespread human rights violations . Mugabe has maintained the revolutionary socialist rhetoric from the Cold War era , blaming Zimbabwe 's economic woes on conspiring Western capitalist countries , while still executing conservative policies . Burnished by his anti-imperialist credentials , contemporary African political leaders have been reluctant to criticise Mugabe , though Archbishop Desmond Tutu has called him `` a cartoon figure of an archetypal African dictator '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "188be920bf9234e8c666830e8f7a2606",
"text": "List of companies of Tanzania Tanzania is a large country in Eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region . Parts of the country are in Southern Africa . It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north ; Rwanda , Burundi , and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west ; Zambia , Malawi , and Mozambique to the south ; and by the Indian Ocean to the east . Kilimanjaro , Africa 's highest mountain , is in northeastern Tanzania . The country has the second largest economy in the East African Community and the twelfth largest in Africa . It is largely dependent on agriculture for employment , accounting for about half of the employed workforce . An estimated 34 percent of Tanzanians currently live in poverty . The economy has been transitioning from a command economy to a market economy since 1985 . Although total GDP has increased since these reforms began , GDP per capita dropped sharply at first , and only exceeded the pre-transition figure in around 2007 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b6a87d980eb31436d83fd65c2e781427",
"text": "Mambwe people The Mambwe are an ethnic and linguistic group from Rukwa Region , Tanzania and northeastern Zambia . In 1987 the Mambwe population in Tanzania was estimated to number 63,000 . The number of Mambwe in Zambia has not been independently estimated , though the combined number of Mambwe and Lungu in Zambia was estimated to be 262,800 in 1993 . The mambwe people of Zambia are known to be great businessmen . They also distinguish the last names for males and females , like the Namwanga people , by applying prefixes `` Si '' and `` Na '' to be the first two letters of the last name e.g. Sinyangwe ( Male ) & Nanyangwe ( Female ) , Sikasula ( Male ) & Nakasula ( Female ) , Sinkamba ( Male ) & Nankamba ( Female ) , Simusokwe ( Male ) & Namusokwe ( Female ) , Sikasote ( Male ) & Nakasote ( Female ) , Simfukwe ( Male ) & Namfukwe ( Female ) , Sinkala ( Male ) & Nankala ( Nankala ) , Simbela ( Male ) & Nambela ( Female ) sichilima ( male ) nachilima ( female ) etc. . A meal of beans ( `` choli '' ) and okra ( `` kumbi '' ) are a mambwe staple and delicacy . The Mambwe language and Cilungu , the Lungu language , are distinguished by minor dialect differences . The Mambwe people are known to be polygamous ( impali ) , although this trend is slowly changing with religious affiliations , and advancements in modern schooling and trends . Like other African people , marriage is very important , although girls are known to marry earlier , often with pressure coming from parents and other relatives . Category : Ethnic groups in Tanzania Category : Ethnic groups in Zambia Category : Indigenous peoples of East Africa",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d8628442c07ae9e3f276e6032e2927af",
"text": "Namwala District Namwala District is a district of Zambia , located in Southern Province . The capital lies at Namwala . As of the 2000 Zambian Census , the district had a population of 82,810 people .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "89667fda890cadbc24a132d89a9b1e98",
"text": "Geography of Botswana Botswana is a landlocked country located in Southern Africa , north of South Africa . Botswana occupies an area of 581730 km2 , of which 566730 km2 are land . Botswana has land boundaries of combined length 4347.15 km , of which the constituent boundaries are shared with Namibia , for 1544 km ; South Africa 1969 km ; Zimbabwe , 834 km and Zambia , 0.15 km . Much of the population of Botswana is concentrated in the eastern part of the country . Sunshine totals are high all year round although winter is the sunniest period . The whole country is windy and dusty during the dry season .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b3725fc584520bb3b0a429451d6ad058",
"text": "Zambia national basketball team The Zambia national basketball team represents Zambia in international competitions . It is administrated by the Zambia Basketball Association ( ZBA ) . Zambia had its best year in 1989 at the FIBA Africa Championship when it finished in Africa 's Top Ten , ahead of Kenya .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "02db6e986194aa74d75a008905c361fd",
"text": "Transkei The Transkei ( -LSB- trɑːnsˈkeɪ , _ - ˈkaɪ , _ trænz - -RSB- , meaning the area beyond -LSB- the river -RSB- Kei ) , officially the Republic of Transkei ( iRiphabliki yeTranskei ) , was a Bantustan -- an area set aside for members of a specific ethnicity -- and nominal parliamentary democracy in the southeastern region of South Africa . Its capital was Umtata , which was renamed Mthatha in 2004 . Transkei represented a significant precedent and historic turning point in South Africa 's policy of apartheid and `` separate development '' ; it was the first of four territories to be declared independent of South Africa . Throughout its existence , it remained an internationally unrecognised , diplomatically isolated , politically unstable de facto one-party state , which at one point broke relations with South Africa , the only country that acknowledged it as a legal entity . In 1994 , it was reintegrated into its larger neighbour and became part of the Eastern Cape province .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "51cd89123bb76bb8b9e36d668bb1774c",
"text": "Kazungula, Zimbabwe Kazungula is a small border post settlement in Matabeleland North , Zimbabwe close to Botswana , Namibia and Zambia . Just to the west is the Botswana border village of Kazungula , from where there is a ferry service for vehicles across the Zambezi River to the town in Zambia also called Kazungula . Kazungula is linked by a tarred road to Victoria Falls , 70 km east .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e57e5cdcecb6b7ed67637bbff362afc2",
"text": "Mozambique Mozambique ( -LSB- moʊzæmˈbiːk -RSB- or -LSB- mɔːzæmˈbiːk -RSB- ) , officially the Republic of Mozambique ( Moçambique or República de Moçambique , -LSB- rɛˈpublikɐ dɨ musɐ̃ˈbikɨ -RSB- ) is a country in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east , Tanzania to the north , Malawi and Zambia to the northwest , Zimbabwe to the west , and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest . It is separated from Madagascar by the Mozambique Channel to the east . The capital and largest city is Maputo ( known as `` Lourenço Marques '' before independence ) . Between the 1st and 5th centuries AD , Bantu-speaking peoples migrated from farther north and west . Swahili ( and later Arab ) commercial ports existed along the coasts until the arrival of Europeans . The area was explored by Vasco da Gama in 1498 and colonised by Portugal from 1505 . The country was an important place where Somali merchants enslaved the local population , starting what is now known as the Somali slave trade . After over four centuries of Portuguese rule , Mozambique gained independence in 1975 , becoming the People 's Republic of Mozambique shortly thereafter . After only two years of independence , the country descended into an intense and protracted civil war lasting from 1977 to 1992 . In 1994 , Mozambique held its first multiparty elections and has remained a relatively stable presidential republic . However , since 2013 , following more than 20 years of peace , a renewed insurgency by RENAMO has been occurring . Mozambique is one of the poorest and most underdeveloped countries in the world . Mozambique is endowed with rich and extensive natural resources . The country 's economy is based largely on agriculture , but industry is growing , mainly food and beverages , chemical manufacturing , and aluminium and petroleum production . The country 's tourism sector is also growing . South Africa is Mozambique 's main trading partner and source of foreign direct investment . Belgium , Brazil , Portugal , and Spain are also among the country 's most important economic partners . Since 2001 , Mozambique 's annual average GDP growth has been among the world 's highest . However , the country ranks among the lowest in GDP per capita , human development , measures of inequality , and average life expectancy . The only official language of Mozambique is Portuguese , which is spoken mostly as a second language by about half of the population . Common native languages include Makhuwa , Sena , and Swahili . The country 's population of around 24 million is composed overwhelmingly of Bantu people . The largest religion in Mozambique is Christianity , with significant minorities following Islam and African traditional religions . Mozambique is a member of the African Union , the Commonwealth of Nations , the Community of Portuguese Language Countries , the Latin Union , the Non-Aligned Movement , and the Southern African Development Community , and is an observer at La Francophonie .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "64d84e5da6127780029d7d4ba63c298f",
"text": "Botswana TV Botswana TV is the national broadcaster in Botswana . Botswana 's first national television service started in 2000 following a 1997 government decision . The station delivers eight hours of local and international programmes daily on weekdays and 10 hours of programming on weekends . Since it was launched on 31 July 2000 , BTV has established itself at the centre of Botswana 's viewing habits . The station has committed itself to provide at least 60 % local content to meet the diverse needs of Batswana . According to its guiding principles , the station is upbeat and forward looking , and seeks to align its strategy with the national vision , Vision 2016 . It recognizes that the majority of Batswana are young people , and that Botswana has diverse cultural and language groups . It also recognizes that Botswana is part of an integrated global village and has to compete effectively . BTV is the first station in Africa and the second in the world after ITN ( UK-based Independent Television News ) to fully utilise digital technology . It signal is carried on a PAS 7 satellite with a significant footprint , which covers the whole country , and most of the Southern African Development Community ( SADC ) region . The station is fully Serial Digital Video , 4:3 and 16:9 switchable , but with the flexibility of analogue with dual language stereo capabilities . The station uses the Quantel Inspiration System for processing and transmission with the news processing software ENPS ( Electronic News Production System ) in the newsroom . Its server-based technology gives the news the speed and flexibility sought by journalists and news editors . To cover the wide area of the country , two satellite News Gathering ( SNG ) teams are based in the North and North-West - Francistown and Maun respectively . Their area of responsibility stretches from Palapye/Serowe to the border with Zimbabwe and Zambia . The Maun team also covers Ghanzi the extreme West . The station already provides a great outlet for advertisers because of its coverage . The client base has been gradually increasing since launch . With SADC secretariat based in Gaborone , BTV is expected to play a significant role in driving Botswana 's vision of becoming the financial services centre for the region and attracting investors to Botswana . As it grows , the station expects to play a crucial role in the development of the television industry in Botswana .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2ac24fba5b4f23a54dd74748c2171de5",
"text": "India–Zambia relations India -- Zambia relations are bilateral diplomatic relations between India and Zambia . India maintains a High Commission in Lusaka that is concurrently accredited to Malawi while Zambia has a High Commission in New Delhi .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "912006706b4feef6a06311ae89466606",
"text": "Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park is a large wildlife preserve and conservation area in southern Africa . The park straddles the border between South Africa and Botswana and comprises two adjoining national parks : Kalahari Gemsbok National Park in South Africa Gemsbok National Park in Botswana The total area of the park is 38000 km2 . Approximately three-quarters of the park lies in Botswana and one-quarter in South Africa . Kgalagadi means `` place of thirst . '' In September 2014 , more than half of the Botswana portion of the park was sold for gas-fracking .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9aee13acb948385df40fe5f0dff5705a",
"text": "1840s in Zimbabwe Dr. David Livingstone , exploring the interior of Africa , arrived at Lake Ngami in present-day Botswana on 3 August 1849 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5aa6527dd1efaef9699e0626ff1ff8e0",
"text": "Kitwe District Kitwe District is a district of Zambia , located in Copperbelt Province . The capital is Kitwe . As of the 2000 Zambian Census , the district had a population of 376,124 people .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6faf21cf7dfb6678b31caf4c9c722cc0",
"text": "White settlement in Zimbabwe before 1923 White people first came to the region in southern Africa today called Zimbabwe in the 16th century , when Portuguese colonials ventured inland from Mozambique and attacked the Kingdom of Mutapa , which then controlled an area roughly equivalent to eastern Zimbabwe and western Mozambique . Portuguese influence over Mutapa endured for about two centuries before fading away during the 1690s and early 1700s ( decade ) . During the 1880s and 1890s , the British South Africa Company initiated colonisation by whites , backed by a royal charter from Britain 's Queen Victoria : company rule over the country began in 1890 , when the Pioneer Column marched to Mashonaland , founded Fort Salisbury and settled in the area . The company domain was named `` Rhodesia '' after its founder , Cecil Rhodes , in 1895 ; the portion south of the Zambezi became officially called Southern Rhodesia in 1898 . Concurrently with the expiry of the company 's charter in 1923 , Southern Rhodesia was granted responsible government by Britain , and became a self-governing colony .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7e055da0a3459f109c7fe14bcf0062a5",
"text": "Mwanda Peak Mwanda Peak is the highest topographical point in the border of Zambia . It is located near the border with Malawi in the thin northeastern arm of Eastern Province , and sits in the Nyika Plateau .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "40024b711ac29ba3b569a1b1a77cfa53",
"text": "Outline of Zimbabwe The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Zimbabwe : Zimbabwe -- landlocked sovereign country located in Southern Africa , between the Zambezi River and Limpopo River .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "21290dcae9559881c812ade96b51aae7",
"text": "List of companies of Mozambique Mozambique , officially the Republic of Mozambique , is a country in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east , Tanzania to the north , Malawi and Zambia to the northwest , Zimbabwe to the west , and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest . The economy of Mozambique has developed since the end of the Mozambican Civil War ( 1977 -- 1992 ) , but the country is still one of the world 's poorest and most underdeveloped . The resettlement of civil war refugees and successful economic reform have led to a high growth rate : the country enjoyed a remarkable recovery , achieving an average annual rate of economic growth of 8 % between 1996 and 2006 and between 6 % -- 7 % from 2006 to 2011 . Also , more than 1,200 state-owned enterprises ( mostly small ) have been privatised . Preparations for privatisation and/or sector liberalisation are underway for the remaining parastatal enterprises , including telecommunications , energy , ports , and railways.done",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b507637b14c11ecdcdd1514f6c5b8ca1",
"text": "Railway stations in Zambia Railway stations in Zambia include :",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "47ac4c3ea5460af1c6307969e26771ae",
"text": "West Lunga National Park West Lunga National Park is a remote wildlife haven in dense forest in the North-Western Province of Zambia . It lies between the West Lunga River and Kabompo River about 10 km north of the gravel road from Solwezi to Kabompo , and covers about 1700 km ² . The national park is the only one in Zambia covered by forest , categorised in the small Cryptosepalum dry forests ecoregion , which exists only in a few patches in the south west of the province extending a little over the border into Angola . Cryptosepalum trees ( called `` mukwe '' locally ) are evergreen and grow densely with a closed canopy . The ecoregion forms the largest evergreen forest in Africa outside of the equatorial zone . Although the rainfall in the area is quite high ( above 1,000 mm per year ) the soils are sandy and well drained so apart from the rivers there is a lack of surface water . A few patches of Miombo woodland and grassland also exist in the park . The park lacks management , facilities , and roads . There is no accommodation and no towns nearby , visitors must be completely self-sufficient . ( The Zambia Tourism website does not even mention the park . ) It is reached by a dirt track from the main road to the park gate and base at Jivundu in its south-west . The lack of water and thickness of the forest has kept the human population low in the region , and despite some poaching and the absence of protection , the forest is believed to be still fairly rich in wildlife . Smaller forest mammals such as duiker and bushpigs live there , and recent reports also mention puku , hippopotami , Nile crocodiles , vervet monkeys , and yellow baboons . The game guards say there are buffalo , roan antelopes , sable antelopes , Lichtenstein 's hartebeests , impalas , elands , and elephants . As of September 2008 , African Parks Network ( also known as African Parks Foundation or African Parks Conservation ) from The Netherlands concluded an agreement for the management of West Lunga National Park .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
2c70772c7f8716a7e333af7514b4e426 | Snoop Dogg was featured on Dr. Dre's solo debut record. | [
{
"docid": "2ab31f920ee50be90ba28c612fe51676",
"text": "Snoop Dogg Cordozar Calvin Broadus , Jr. ( born October 20 , 1971 ) , known professionally as Snoop Dogg ( sometimes shortened to Snoop and formerly called Snoop Doggy Dogg and Snoop Lion ) , is an American rapper and actor from Long Beach , California . His music career began in 1992 when he was discovered by Dr. Dre of N.W.A , and as a result was prominently featured throughout Dr. Dre 's solo debut album , The Chronic ( 1992 ) . He has since sold over twenty-three million albums in the United States and thirty-five million albums worldwide . Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , was released in 1993 under Death Row Records , debuting at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums charts . Selling almost a million copies in the first week of its release , Doggystyle became certified 4 × platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including `` What 's My Name ? '' and `` Gin & Juice '' . In 1994 Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was The Case , starring himself . His second album Tha Doggfather ( 1996 ) , also debuted at number one on both charts with `` Snoop 's Upside Ya Head '' , as the lead single . The album was certified double platinum in 1997 . After leaving Death Row Records , Snoop signed with No Limit Records , where he recorded his next three albums . Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told ( 1998 ) , No Limit Top Dogg ( 1999 ) , and Tha Last Meal ( 2000 ) . Snoop then signed with Priority/Capitol/EMI Records in 2002 , where he released Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss . He then signed with Geffen Records in 2004 for his next three albums R&G ( Rhythm & Gangsta ) : The Masterpiece , Tha Blue Carpet Treatment , and Ego Trippin ' . Malice 'n Wonderland ( 2009 ) , and Doggumentary ( 2011 ) , were released on Priority . Snoop Dogg has starred in motion pictures and hosted several television shows , including Doggy Fizzle Televizzle , Snoop Dogg 's Father Hood , and Dogg After Dark . He also coaches a youth football league and high school football team . In September 2009 , Snoop was hired by EMI as the chairman of a reactivated Priority Records . In 2012 , after a trip to Jamaica , Snoop announced a conversion to the Rastafari movement and a new alias , Snoop Lion . Under the new moniker , he released a reggae album , Reincarnated , and a documentary film of the same name , of his Jamaican experience , in early 2013 . His fourteenth solo studio album , Coolaid , was released in July 2016 . Snoop Dogg holds the dubious distinction of having seventeen Grammy nominations without a win . In March 2016 , the night before WrestleMania 32 in Arlington , Texas , Snoop was inducted into the celebrity wing of the WWE Hall of Fame having made several appearances for the company , including as Master of Ceremonies during a match at Wrestlemania XXIV .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "bb437fd528ea5349041c0b68473f9195",
"text": "Priority Records Priority Records is an American distribution company and record label known for many highly successful artists including Eazy-E , Ice Cube , MC Ren , Dr. Dre , Ice-T , Jay-Z , Mack 10 , Master P , Mia X , Mystikal , N.W.A , Snoop Dogg , Silkk the Shocker & Westside Connection amongst others . It also distributed many highly successful hip hop record labels including Death Row Records , Hoo-Bangin ' Records , No Limit Records , Posthuman Records , Rap-A-Lot Records , Rawkus Records , Roc-A-Fella Records , Ruthless Records & Wu-Tang Records amongst others .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9423e2e5712c279e573a34f6087e2e08",
"text": "Waterbed Hev Waterbed Hev is the first solo album and sixth album overall by rapper Heavy D . The album was released on April 22 , 1997 for Uptown Records and was produced by Heavy D , DJ Battle Cat and Tony Dofat . This marked Heavy D 's first album without `` The Boyz '' , DJ Eddie F and G-Wiz . Waterbed Hev made it to # 9 on the Billboard 200 and # 3 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart , going platinum in the process . Four singles were released , `` Waterbed Hev '' , `` I 'll Do Anything '' , `` Keep It Coming '' ( US # 23 ) and `` Big Daddy '' ( US # 18 ) . Guests in the album include Lost Boyz , Soul for Real and Tha Dogg Pound .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bb404d9bcaec4563bc57b911d4ec398d",
"text": "Major Key (album) Major Key ( stylized as Major ð ''` ) is the ninth studio album by DJ Khaled . It was released on July 29 , 2016 , by We the Best Music Group and Epic Records . The album features guest appearances from Future , Big Sean , Rick Ross , Jay Z , Drake , Nas , Kendrick Lamar , Betty Wright , J. Cole , Bryson Tiller , Nicki Minaj , Chris Brown , August Alsina , Jeremih , Kodak Black , Jeezy , French Montana , YG , Yo Gotti , Gucci Mane , 2 Chainz , Jadakiss , Fabolous , Fat Joe , Busta Rhymes , Kent Jones , Travis Scott , Lil Wayne , Meghan Trainor , Wiz Khalifa , Wale and Mavad The album was supported by four singles , `` For Free '' , `` I Got the Keys '' , `` Holy Key '' and `` Do You Mind '' . Major Key received generally positive reviews from critics and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 . The album was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) in November 2016 . It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Album .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e4ee30388913b4554bc57325c9eda82c",
"text": "Kam (rapper) Craig A. Miller ( born October 24 , 1970 in Los Angeles , California ) , better known by his stage name Kam is an American political emcee known primarily among hip hop fans and music critics during the 1990s & early 2000s . He is known for his Nation of Islam-influenced lyrics and NOI membership , and affiliation with his cousin , fellow West Coast emcee Ice Cube . He is also known for his powerfully commanding baritone voice and knack for using multisyllabic rhymes . He has only released two albums since his well-received 1993 debut album Neva Again . That album featured inflammatory anti-government lyrics and hit single `` Peace Treaty , '' a song about the 1992 Watts gang treaty . The song reached # 2 on the Hot Rap Singles chart in 1993 . His first appearance on record was with the song `` Every Single Weekend '' from the 1991 Boyz n the Hood soundtrack . Since then , he has collaborated with artists including Ice Cube , Snoop Dogg , Coolio , E-40 , Erick Sermon , MC Ren , C-Bo , K9Compton , DJ Quik , DJ Pooh , Tha Eastsidaz , Method Man , KRS-One , Public Enemy , Nate Dogg , Warren G , Dogg Pound , Xzibit , Tyrese , Tank , George Clinton , Dresta , B.G. Knocc Out , Yukmouth , and Glasses Malone among many others . He has released music on two record labels , East West Records and JCOR Entertainment . He is currently signed to his own record label , HEREAFTER RECORDS , and plans to release his fourth solo album . He is also currently a member of Snoop Dogg 's West Coast supergroup The Warzone with MC Eiht and Goldie Loc . Kam and his biological younger brother , `` Yung Bruh '' , are also a NOI-based rap group called , Fruit Pruno . Their self-titled album was released during the NOI 's Saviour 's Day 2010 summit ( specifically on February 28 , 2010 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3e648e3862cfdf2acd9bed0387e6f4da",
"text": "Over the Counter (album) Over the Counter is the debut demo album and is the officially unreleased but heavily bootlegged debut studio album by rapper Snoop Doggy Dogg . Guest appearances include Tha Dogg Pound , Dr. Dre , Nate Dogg , Warren G , George Clinton and others . The album was released only on cassette version .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7152ae9c006dedef1d7c59bbc167db49",
"text": "Snoop Dogg discography The discography of American rapper Snoop Dogg of fifteen studio albums , four collaborative albums , seventeen compilation albums , one extended play , twenty mixtapes , 127 singles ( including seventy-four as a featured artist ) , and fourteen promotional singles . He has sold over 23.5 million albums in United States and 37 million albums worldwide . He has garnered fourteen top ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100 ( including eight as a featured artist ) . Snoop Dogg came to attention of the music industry in 1992 , through his vocal contributions on Dr. Dre 's The Chronic . That album is considered to have `` transformed the entire sound of West Coast rap '' by its development of what later became known as the `` G-funk '' sound . The Chronic expanded gangsta rap with profanity , anti-authoritarian lyrics and multi-layered samples taken from 1970 's P-Funk records . Snoop Dogg contributed vocals to Dre 's solo single , `` Deep Cover '' , which led to a high degree of anticipation among hip hop for the release of his own solo album . Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , was released in 1993 under Death Row Records , debuting at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums charts , powered by spectacular first week sales 803,000 units . Doggystyle became certified 4 × platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including `` What 's My Name ? '' , `` Gin & Juice '' and the European hit `` Doggy Dogg World '' . As of March 2008 , the album has sold 6,137,000 copies in the United States . In 1994 , Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was The Case , starring himself . Murder Was the Case debuted on the Billboard 200 at number one , selling 329,000 units in the first week sales . The following week it stayed on top with 197,000 copies sold and was certified Gold . The album is certified 2x platinum with 2,030,000 copies sold . Following to the successful release of his debut album Doggystyle ( 1993 ) , Snoop was charged with a murder . In 1995 , Snoop had been spending much time preparing for the case , which went to trial , which took place later that year . In February 1996 , he was cleared of all charges and began working on his second album , without Dr. Dre as a frequent record producer on the album . This is also Snoop 's final album on Death Row Records , under the name of Snoop Doggy Dogg . His second album Tha Doggfather ( 1996 ) , also debuted at number one on US charts and UK R&B Charts . The album was certified double platinum in 1997 . Preceding the album 's release by European singles ; `` Snoop 's Upside Ya Head '' , `` Vapors '' and `` Doggfather '' . In 1998 Snoop released Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told it was released , by No Limit Records . It is his first album following his departure from Death Row Records . It was also his first album to be released under a slight change to his stage name `` Snoop Dogg '' for contractual reasons . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart , selling over 520,000 copies in its first week , and remained on top for the second week selling additional 246,000 units according to SoundScan . It remained in the top ten for five weeks ; thus it was quickly certified double platinum later that year . In terms of chart success it is one of his most successful containing the singles Still a G Thang and Woof . As of March 2008 , the album has sold 2,085,000 copies in the United States . The fourth studio album , No Limit Top Dogg , was released on May 11 , 1999 . The album 's lead single `` Bitch Please '' featuring Xzibit and Nate Dogg , produced by Dr. Dre became a hit . The music video for the album 's second single `` G Bedtime Stories '' which was a success , the song was produced by Meech Wells . No Limit Top Dogg debuted at number 2 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 187,400 copies in its first week . Though it was Snoop Dogg 's first album to not debut at number one and have strong album sales for the first week , it eventually sold 1,100,000 copies by closing the year of 1999 making it the 73rd best selling album of the year . As of March 2008 , the album had sales 1,518,000 copies in the United States . The third and final album released on No Limit Records and his first album on his newly founded label Doggystyle Records , Tha Last Meal was released on December 19 , 2000 . The album included the singles `` Snoop Dogg ( What 's My Name Pt . 2 ) '' , `` Hennesey n Buddah '' featuring Kokane , `` Lay Low '' featuring Nate Dogg , `` Loosen ' Control '' and `` Wrong Idea '' featuring Bad Azz . The single `` Snoop Dogg ( What 's My Name II ) '' was nominated for Music Video of the Year at The Source Hip-Hop Music Awards 2001 . The album was nominated Album of the Year at the same ceremony . The single `` Wrong Idea '' was also included in Bad Azz 's second album Personal Business released on Doggystyle . Tha Last Meal debuted at number 9 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 397,238 copies in its first week . In the third week the album reached at number 4 in the US chart . The album topped the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums for four consecutive weeks . In 2001 the album has sold 1,200,000 copies in the United States . Has sold over 2,068,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan . The sixth studio album , Paid tha Cost to Be da Bo $ $ was supported by two singles : `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' featuring Pharrell and the other-Pharrell track `` Beautiful '' also featuring Charlie Wilson . The album debuted at number 12 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 174,000 copies in its first week . The album has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and has sold 1,500,000 copies worldwide . The album 's lead single , titled `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' featuring guest vocals from Pharrell , was released on October 15 , 2002 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . The music video for `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' , was directed by Diane Martel , under the alias Bucky Chrome . The second single , `` Beautiful '' featuring Pharrell and Charlie Wilson , was released on January 28 , 2003 . The song also was produced by The Neptunes . The music video for `` Beautiful '' featuring Pharrell and Charlie Wilson ( who he did not make it to the video ) , was directed by Chris Robinson and it was released in 2003 . The video took place in Brazil . The video helped exceeded the song to become a hit on the Billboard charts . The seventh studio R&G ( Rhythm & Gangsta ) : The Masterpiece was released 2004 . `` Drop It Like It 's Hot '' featuring Pharrell , was released as the album 's lead single on September 14 , 2004 . With the production by The Neptunes , the song gained some critical attention for its very sparse production . The song essentially is just tongue clicks , keyboards and a drum machine beat , which compared to much early 2000s rap , was very minimalist . It was nominated at the Grammy Awards for Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , though it lost both awards to the songs `` Jesus Walks '' by Kanye West and `` Let 's Get It Started '' by The Black Eyed Peas , respectively . The song reached at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart and number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 , becoming Snoop 's first US number one single . The song internationally reached the top-ten in a huge 12 countries . The second single , `` Let 's Get Blown '' featuring Pharrell , was released on December 14 , 2004 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . It did not repeat the success of `` Drop It Like It 's Hot '' , but it filled the gap between the aforementioned song and the club hit `` Signs '' . Keyshia Cole , who had not garnered a reputation at that time and was therefore left uncredited ( her contribution to the R&G song `` Pass It Pass It '' also went uncredited ) . The song samples and contains interpolations from Slave 's `` Watching You '' , which was also interpolated in `` Gin and Juice . '' The single is one of Snoop Dogg 's biggest hits in the UK for peaking at number 13 and number 54on the US Billboard Hot 100 . `` Signs '' featuring Justin Timberlake and Charlie Wilson , was released on April 25 , 2005 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . In May 2005 , the single reached at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart and number 46 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart . However , it was more popular in Australia staying at number one on the Australian Singles Chart for two weeks . Internationally , the song reached the top-ten in 11 countries . The final single , `` Ups & Downs '' featuring Bee Gees , was released on August 15 , 2005 . The song was produced by Warryn Campbell . The song interpolates The Bee Gees ' 1979 hit `` Love You Inside Out '' . The song charted in several countries , but did n't match the success from his previous singles on the album . R&G debuted at number 6 on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 225,000 copies in its first week . In its second week , the album fell to number 9 on the Billboard 200 , selling 203,000 copies , for a two-week total of 428,000 units . As of March 2008 , the album sales 1,724,000 copies in the United States . In 2006 , the song `` I Wan na Love You '' , a collaboration with Akon , became Snoop 's second number one on the Hot 100 . Tha Blue Carpet Treatment Snoop 's eighth studio album , was released in 2006 . Tha Blue Carpet Treatment debuted at number 5 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 264,000 copies in its first week . On the Nielsen SoundScan annual `` Best Sellers Top 100 '' rankings when the album was listed 97th with the 2006 year-end catalog closing sales number of 637,000 copies despite having been released in mid-November and its sales data is accumulated for only one and a half months . As of March 2008 , the album had sales 903,000 copies in the United States . On November 20 , 2007 he released the single `` Sexual Eruption '' peaked at number 7 on The Hot 100 . The ninth studio album Ego Trippin ' , it was released by Geffen Records on March 11 , 2008 . The album sold over 137,000 copies in its first week in the United States , debuting at number 3 on the US Billboard 200 chart . In its second week the album fell to number 7 on the Billboard 200 chart , selling 57,000 copies , for a two-week total of 194,000 units . Ego Trippin was the tenth best selling hip hop album of the year , selling 401,000 copies in the US . Malice n Wonderland is the tenth studio album by American rapper Snoop 's ; it was released on December 8 , 2009 . The album included the Billboard charts singles `` Gangsta Luv '' and `` I Wan na Rock '' . Malice n Wonderland debuted at number 23 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 61,000 copies in its opening week . It is his first album since Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss ( 2002 ) not to reach the top ten on the Billboard 200 , his lowest charting album on the US R&B / Hip-Hop charts and his only album to miss the British and Australian Top 100 . Malice n Wonderland has sold over 400,000 copies in the United States as of 2011 . In 2011 , Snoop 's was released top ten album Doggumentary , the album debuted at number eight on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 50,000 copies in its first week in the United States . Snoop Dogg collaborated with David Guetta for a remix of the latter 's single `` Wet '' , newly titled `` Sweat '' . It topped the charts in countries such as France , Australia and Austria . In 2011 , Snoop released a soundtrack on Mac & Devin Go to High School with Wiz Khalifa . `` Young , Wild & Free '' , the soundtrack 's lead single which features Bruno Mars , and produced by The Smeezingtons , was released on October 11 , 2011 . In its first week it sold 159,000 digital copies , debuting at number 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , and number 44 on the Canadian Hot 100 . In 2012 , after a trip to Jamaica , Snoop announced a conversion to the Rastafari movement and a new alias , Snoop Lion '' ' . Under the new moniker , he released a reggae album , Reincarnated . As of May 2015 , the album has sold 104,000 copies in the United States . The album topped Billboard Top Reggae Albums for 34 non-consecutive weeks n His thirteenth solo studio album , Bush , was released in May 2015 . It was supported by the singles ; `` Peaches N Cream '' featuring Charlie Wilson , `` So Many Pros '' , and `` California Roll '' featuring Stevie Wonder . The album was the eighth best-selling album of the week . Bush was the sixth Snoop 's solo album to debut at number one on the Billboard '' Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums . Coolaid was released July 1 , 2016 on eOne . His latest album Neva Left was released on Doggystyle and Empire records on May 19 , 2017 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "747468ee07a179582f0fdbe7ada3f949",
"text": "The D.O.C. Tracy Lynn Curry ( born June 10 , 1968 ) , better known by his stage name The D.O.C. , is an American rapper from Dallas . In addition to a solo career , he was a member of the hip hop group Fila Fresh Crew and later collaborated with gangsta rap group N.W.A , where he co-wrote many of their releases as well as Eazy-E 's solo debut album Eazy-Duz-It . He has also worked with Dr. Dre , who is one of the founding members of N.W.A and produced two of his solo albums . After Fila Fresh Crew split up in 1987 , The D.O.C. went on to pursue a successful solo career . In 1989 , he released his debut album , No One Can Do It Better , which reached number-one on the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for two weeks and spawned two number one hits on the Hot Rap Songs chart : `` It 's Funky Enough '' and `` The D.O.C. & The Doctor '' . The album went platinum five years after its release . In late 1989 , months after the release of No One Can Do It Better , The D.O.C. almost died when a car accident resulted in the crushing of his larynx , permanently changing his voice . Since his recovery , he has released two more albums , Helter Skelter in 1996 and Deuce in 2003 . Since 2006 , The D.O.C. has been working on new material for his fourth album Voices .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "efe9a95015a1e92496e94311129cd6de",
"text": "Bitch Please II `` Bitch Please II '' is a song by American rapper Eminem , featuring guest vocals from American rappers Dr. Dre , Snoop Dogg , Xzibit , and Nate Dogg , taken from Eminem 's The Marshall Mathers LP ( 2000 ) . The song was written by Eminem , Dr. Dre , Snoop Dogg , Xzibit and Nate Dogg with , production handled by Dr. Dre and Mel-Man .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "594492158a58aafc723872d07825f046",
"text": "Doggfather `` Doggfather '' is a single by American rapper Snoop Doggy Dogg . It was released in August 26 , 1997 as the last single from Snoop Dogg 's second studio album Tha Doggfather .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8361d4693f917e7d08e2af3d2d6193c7",
"text": "So Fly (213 song) `` So Fly '' is a song performed by American Hip Hop supergroup 213 , which consisted of Snoop Dogg , Warren G and Nate Dogg . was released on July 6 , 2004 as the first single of his debut studio album The Hard Way , with the record label TVT Records . The song was produced by Spike & Jamahl and Missy Elliott . It uses the same backing track as another Elliott-produced song , So Gone which had been released by Monica the previous year .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "093c8720c63138edc8d558d4f04fedb9",
"text": "Dumb Shit `` Dumb Shit '' ( also known by the censored version title `` Dumb S ** t '' ) , is a song by American singer Tyrese . It features vocals from American rapper Snoop Dogg . It was released on March 10 , 2015 as the first single off his sixth studio album Black Rose , on the record label Voltron Recordz .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "479280f5a25c9b53d3677a3966dcb19e",
"text": "List of awards and nominations received by Snoop Dogg The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American rapper Snoop Dogg .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8cdc85713338762ae9849923f909cfdb",
"text": "Truthfully Speaking Truthfully Speaking is the debut studio album of the St. Louis R&B singer Truth Hurts , which was executively produced by Dr. Dre . Although it included the lead single `` Addictive '' the album massively undersold , possibly partly because of a lawsuit against her and Aftermath Entertainment over the Hindi sample ( `` Thoda Resham Lagta Hai '' ) , which is heavily featured in the song .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a0d0d0bf2bd28cccde29026e7719de93",
"text": "Based on a True Story (Mack 10 album) Based on a True Story is the second studio album by American rapper Mack 10 , released September 16 , 1997 on Priority Records . It peaked at number 14 on the Billboard 200 and at number 5 on the Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums . One single , `` Backyard Boogie '' , peaked at number 23 on the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs . and performed well on several other charts as well . The album features guest performance by Ice Cube , E-40 , Snoop Dogg , Allfrumtha I and The Comrads . Along with singles , music videos were produced for two songs : `` Backyard Boogie '' and `` Only in California '' featuring Ice Cube and Snoop Dogg . Ice Cube makes a cameo appearance in `` Backyard Boogie '' . The song , `` Ca n't Stop '' , was previously released on the Ant Banks album , Big Thangs . Another song , `` Dopeman '' , was later included on two Priority Records compilations , In tha Beginning ... There Was Rap and Straight Outta Compton : N.W.A 10th Anniversary Tribute . `` Dopeman '' is a cover version of the 1987 N.W.A song of the same name .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a1f9c9499da715804463385c2ce36ad8",
"text": "Nate Dogg discography The discography of American recording artist Nate Dogg consists of three studio albums , one compilation album , one collaboration album , and 40 singles ( including 35 singles as a featured artist ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "432187f93c61b32506c6b2b8b5499abb",
"text": "It Blows My Mind `` It Blows My Mind '' is a song by American rapper Snoop Dogg , featuring guest vocals from American singer Pharrell Williams , taken from The Neptunes 's first compilation album Clones . The song was written by Snoop Dogg , Chad Hugo and Pharrell , with production handled by The Neptunes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "99beda9d496396ec6662696f75082983",
"text": "La La La (Snoop Lion song) `` La La La '' is a song by American rapper Snoop Lion ( mainly known as Snoop Dogg ) , taken from Snoop Lion 's twelfth studio album Reincarnated ( 2013 ) . The song was written by Snoop , Ariel Rechtshaid , Ken Boothe , Thomas Pentz , Joelle Clarke and William Cole , with production handled by Major Lazer and Dre Skull . `` La La La '' was released on July 20 , 2012 as the promotional single from the album .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "96dea9fc285ae0262ee3d264e2cc365e",
"text": "First Round Knock Out First Round Knock Out is a compilation by rapper/producer , Dr. Dre . The album was released in 1996 for Triple X Records and was mostly produced by Dr. Dre , as well as Cold 187um and Chris `` The Glove '' Taylor , who produced one song each . Artists featured on the album include Dr. Dre , Snoop Dogg , The D.O.C. , Kokane , Michel ` le , Rose Royce , Jimmy Z and the World Class Wreckin ' Cru . First Round Knock Out managed to make it to # 52 on the Billboard 200 and # 18 on the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "06f2506ed5f5aae4d280b25d6f817446",
"text": "Dae Dae Marquavis Goolsby ( born July 29 , 1992 ) , better known by his stage name Dae Dae , is an American rapper from Atlanta , Georgia . He is known for his debut single `` Wat U Mean ( Aye , Aye , Aye ) . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3938a70b8464bed9c34c9899ed500676",
"text": "Top Dawg Entertainment Top Dawg Entertainment ( TDE ) is an American independent record label founded in 2004 , by chief executive officer ( CEO ) Anthony `` Top Dawg '' Tiffith . Dave `` Miyatola '' Free and Terrence `` Punch '' Henderson are the co-presidents of TDE . There are currently eight artists signed to the label , Isaiah Rashad , SZA , Lance Skiiiwalker and SiR , as well as the flagship artists , Black Hippy members , Kendrick Lamar , Jay Rock , ScHoolboy Q and Ab-Soul . The label also houses a production division that includes Digi + Phonics , THC , and King Blue .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
450abfc340afa3ade9fc50f7bed43568 | The Odyssey is a non-linear epic poem. | [
{
"docid": "79ad123cec91b63fe06986bf36881ff1",
"text": "Odyssey The Odyssey '' ' ( -LSB- ˈɒdəsi -RSB- Ὀδύσσεια Odýsseia , -LSB- o.dýs.sej.ja -RSB- in Classical Attic ) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer . It is , in part , a sequel to the Iliad , the other work ascribed to Homer . The Odyssey is fundamental to the modern Western canon , and is the second-oldest extant work of Western literature ; the Iliad is the oldest . Scholars believe the Odyssey was composed near the end of the 8th century BC , somewhere in Ionia , the Greek coastal region of Anatolia . The poem mainly focuses on the Greek hero Odysseus ( known as Ulysses in Roman myths ) , king of Ithaca , and his journey home after the fall of Troy . It takes Odysseus ten years to reach Ithaca after the ten-year Trojan War . In his absence , it is assumed Odysseus has died , and his wife Penelope and son Telemachus must deal with a group of unruly suitors , the Mnesteres ( Greek : Μνηστῆρες ) or Proci , who compete for Penelope 's hand in marriage . The Odyssey continues to be read in the Homeric Greek and translated into modern languages around the world . Many scholars believe the original poem was composed in an oral tradition by an aoidos ( epic poet/singer ) , perhaps a rhapsode ( professional performer ) , and was more likely intended to be heard than read . The details of the ancient oral performance and the story 's conversion to a written work inspire continual debate among scholars . The Odyssey was written in a poetic dialect of Greek -- a literary amalgam of Aeolic Greek , Ionic Greek , and other Ancient Greek dialects -- and comprises 12,110 lines of dactylic hexameter . Among the most noteworthy elements of the text are its non-linear plot , and the influence on events of choices made by women and slaves , besides the actions of fighting men . In the English language as well as many others , the word odyssey has come to refer to an epic voyage . The Odyssey has a lost sequel , the Telegony , which was not written by Homer . It was usually attributed in antiquity to Cinaethon of Sparta . In one source , the Telegony '' was said to have been stolen from Musaeus by either Eugamon or Eugammon of Cyrene ( see Cyclic poets ) .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "234d96a67a1b1c8d187815ce1db33780",
"text": "Cledonism In the occult of classical antiquity , cledonism , or cledonomancy , was a kind of divination based on chance events or encounters , such as words occasionally uttered . The word is formed from the Greek κληδών which signifies rumor , a report , omen , fame , name . Cicero observes that the Pythagoreans made observation not only of the words of the gods , but of those of men ; and accordingly believed the pronouncing of certain words , e.g. the word incendium ( destruction , ruin ) , at a meal to be very unlucky . Thus , instead of prison , they used the word domicilium ( residence , dwelling ) ; and to avoid Erinyes , said Eumenides . According to Pausanias , cledonism was popular at Smyrna , where the Apollonian Oracles were interpreted . He also mentions its use at the shrine of Hermes Agoraios in Pharae . An individual , upon whispering a question into the god 's ear , plugged his own ears , left the agora , and then listened for the god 's answer among the chance words of pedestrians . This was likely popular because the individual selectively chose which words formed the answer . An example of cledonism occurs in the Odyssey , Book XX . Before taking vengeance on the suitors , Odysseus asks for a divine sign , and Zeus answers with a clap of thunder . This is immediately followed by words from a servant-woman , asking Zeus to `` let this be the very last day that the suitors dine in the house of Odysseus . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ef1d3a98c81d39e94e9dc68e77c61b59",
"text": "Genre Genre ( -LSB- ˈʒɒ̃rə -RSB- , -LSB- ˈʒɒnrə -RSB- or -LSB- ˈdʒɒnrə -RSB- from French genre -LSB- ʒɑ̃ʁ -RSB- , `` kind '' or `` sort '' , from Latin genus ( stem gener - ) , Greek γένος , génos ) is any form or type of communication in any mode ( written , spoken , digital , artistic , etc. ) with socially-agreed upon conventions developed over time . Genre is most popularly known as a category of literature , music , or other forms of art or entertainment , whether written or spoken , audio or visual , based on some set of stylistic criteria , yet genres can be aesthetic , rhetorical , communicative , or functional . Genres form by conventions that change over time as new genres are invented and the use of old ones is discontinued . Often , works fit into multiple genres by way of borrowing and recombining these conventions . Stand alone texts , works , or pieces of communication may have individual styles , but genres are amalgams of these texts based on agreed upon or socially inferred conventions . Some genres may be rigid with strictly adhered to guidelines while others may be very flexible . Genre began as an absolute classification system for ancient Greek literature . Poetry , prose , and performance each had a specific and calculated style that related to the theme of the story . Speech patterns for comedy would not be appropriate for tragedy , and even actors were restricted to their genre under the assumption that a type of person could tell one type of story best . In later periods genres proliferated and developed in response to changes in audiences and creators . Genre became a dynamic tool to help the public make sense out of unpredictable art . Because art is often a response to a social state , in that people write/paint/sing / dance about what they know about , the use of genre as a tool must be able to adapt to changing meanings . Genre suffers from the same ills of any classification system . Genre is to be reassessed and scrutinized and to weigh works on their unique merit . It has been suggested that genres resonate with people because of the familiarity , the shorthand communication , as well as the tendency of genres to shift with public mores and to reflect the zeitgeist . While the genre of storytelling has been relegated as lesser form of art because of the heavily borrowed nature of the conventions , admiration has grown . Proponents argue that the genius of an effective genre piece is in the variation , recombination , and evolution of the codes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a662451ca6e41afd5d32016f82630554",
"text": "Aegae (Euboea) Aegae ( Αἰγαί Aigai ) was an ancient town on the west coast of the island of Euboea , opposite the mainland city of Anthedon . The geographer Strabo records a sanctuary of Aegean Poseidon on a mountain nearby . It seems to be dinstict of legendary Aegae , the namesake of the Aegean Sea , which was situated on the east coast of the island , near modern Kymi . It 's not unlikely that Aegae got actually switched to Kymi/Cuma , as the generic name Kymi/Cuma , just means city in the Aeolic dialect . Legendary Aegae is mentioned e.g. by Homer in Book 5 of the Odyssey , in which Poseidon `` lashed his long-maned horses and drove to Aegae , where he had his famous palace '' after having destroyed Odysseus ' raft with a storm . It was also mentioned by Homer in Book 13 of the Iliad , in which Poseidon '' -LSB- took three strides -RSB- , and with the fourth he reached his goal -- Aegae , where is his glittering golden palace , imperishable , in the depths of the sea . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aa643cbc5903ce20e90f52d7b779245e",
"text": "Essay of Dramatick Poesie Essay of Dramatic Poesy by John Dryden was published in 1668 . It was probably written during the plague year of 1666 . Dryden takes up the subject that Philip Sidney had set forth in his Defence of Poesie ( 1580 ) and attempts to justify drama as a legitimate form of `` poetry '' comparable to the epic , as well as defend English drama against that of the ancients and the French . The treatise is a dialogue between four speakers : Eugenius , Crites , Lisideius , and Neander . The four speakers represented , respectively Charles Sackville ( Lord Buchhurst and later sixth Earl of Dorset ) , Sir Robert Howard -LSB- playwright and Dryden 's brother-in-law -RSB- , Sir Charles Sedley ( Edward Malone identified him as Lisideius ) and Dryden himself ( neander means `` new man '' and implies that Dryden , as a respected member of the gentry class , is entitled to join in this dialogue on an equal footing with the three older men who are his social superiors ) . On the day that the English fleet encounters the Dutch at sea near the mouth of the Thames , the four friends take a barge downriver towards the noise from the battle . Rightly concluding , as the noise subsides , that the English have triumphed , they order the bargeman to row them back upriver as they begin a dialogue on the advances made by modern civilization . They agree to measure progress by comparing ancient arts with modern , focusing specifically on the art of drama ( or `` dramatic poesy '' ) . The four men debate a series of three topics : ( 1 ) the relative merit of classical drama ( upheld by Crites ) vs. modern drama ( championed by Eugenius ) ; ( 2 ) whether French drama , as Lisideius maintains , is better than English drama ( supported by Neander , who famously calls Shakespeare `` the greatest soul , ancient or modern '' ) ; and ( 3 ) whether plays in rhyme are an improvement upon blank verse drama -- a proposition that Neander , despite having defended the Elizabethans , now advances against the skeptical Crites ( who also switches from his original position and defends the blank verse tradition of Elizabethan drama ) . Invoking the so-called unities from Aristotle 's Poetics ( as interpreted by Italian and refined by French scholars over the last century ) , the four speakers discuss what makes a play `` a just and lively imitation '' of human nature in action . This definition of a play , supplied by Lisideius/Orrery ( whose rhymed plays had dazzled the court and were a model for the new drama ) , gives the debaters a versatile and richly ambiguous touchstone . To Crites ' argument that the plots of classical drama are more `` just , '' Eugenius can retort that modern plots are more `` lively '' thanks to their variety . Lisideius shows that the French plots carefully preserve Aristotle 's unities of action , place , and time ; Neander replies that English dramatists like Ben Jonson also kept the unities when they wanted to , but that they preferred to develop character and motive . Even Neander 's final argument with Crites over whether rhyme is suitable in drama depends on Aristotle 's Poetics : Neander says that Aristotle demands a verbally artful ( `` lively '' ) imitation of nature , while Crites thinks that dramatic imitation ceases to be `` just '' when it departs from ordinary speech -- i.e. prose or blank verse . A year later , the two brothers-in-law quarreled publicly over this third topic . See Dryden 's `` Defense of An Essay of Dramatic Poesy '' ( 1669 ) , where Dryden tries to persuade the rather literal-minded Howard that audiences expect a play to be an imitation of nature , not a surrogate for nature itself .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b2e95f57613c02d04b8f5825e7355244",
"text": "Poem of Almería The Poem of Almería ( Spanish Poema de Almería ) is a medieval Latin epic poem in 385 1/2 leonine hexameters . It was appended to the end of the Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris , an account of the reign of Alfonso VII of León and Castile , and narrates the victorious military campaign of 1147 that culminated in the conquest of the port of Almería . The poem , as it survives , is unfinished , abruptly ending mid-line before recounting the actual siege of Almería itself . Of its surviving lines , 293 consist of `` dénombrement épique , a stirring roll-call of the chief members and contingents of the army '' . The Poem has aroused interest among scholars and critics for the light it may shed on the origins and development of vernacular epic ( the cantares de gesta ) and on the nature of Iberian aristocratic and military customs . It has been described as `` a relict of incomparable interest for the cultural archaeology of the twelfth century '' and `` a splendid reflection of its time and , in this regard , full of gold also as literature '' . Stylistically , the Poem is indebted to the parallelism of the poetry of the Hebrew Bible and to the classical models of Virgil and Ovid .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "89886056afe42f08ebf204b786adab51",
"text": "Dactyl (poetry) A dactyl ( δάκτυλος , dáktylos , `` finger '' ) is a foot in poetic meter . In quantitative verse , often used in Greek or Latin , a dactyl is a long syllable followed by two short syllables , as determined by syllable weight . In accentual verse , often used in English , it is a stressed syllable followed by two unstressed syllables -- the opposite is the anapaest ( two unstressed followed by a stressed syllable ) . The Greek and Latin words δάκτυλος and dactylus are themselves dactyls ( and hence autological ) . The English word poetry is also a dactyl . A useful mnemonic for remembering this long-short-short pattern is to consider the relative lengths of the three bones of a human finger : beginning at the knuckle , it is one long bone followed by two shorter ones ( hence the name dactyl ) . An example of dactylic meter is the first line of Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 's poem Evangeline , which is in dactylic hexameter : This is the / forest prim - / eval . The / murmuring / pines and the / hem locks , The first five feet of the line are dactyls ; the sixth a trochee . Stephen Fry quotes Robert Browning 's The Lost Leader as an example of the use of dactylic metre to great effect , creating verse with `` great rhythmic dash and drive '' : Just for a handful of silver he left us Just for a riband to stick in his coat '' The first three feet in both lines are dactyls . Another example : the opening lines of Whitman 's `` Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking '' ( 1859 ) , his poem about the birth of his poetic voice : Out of the cradle , endlessly rocking -LSB- a dactyl , followed by a trochee ( ` cradle ' ) ; then another dactyl followed by a trochee ( ` rocking ' ) -RSB- Out of the mockingbird 's throat , the musical shuttle -LSB- 2 dactyls , then a trochee ( ` throat , the ' ) ; then another dactyl , followed by a trochee -RSB- ... The dactyl `` out of the ... '' becomes a pulse that rides through the entire poem , often generating the beginning of each new line , even though the poem as a whole , as is typical for Whitman , is extremely varied and `` free '' in its use of metrical feet . Dactyls are the metrical foot of Greek elegiac poetry , which followed a line of dactylic hexameter with dactylic pentameter .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "392cec87b0d94d9707b8690ad31de13a",
"text": "Ionic meter The ionic ( or Ionic ) is a four-syllable metrical unit ( metron ) of light-light-heavy-heavy that occurs in ancient Greek and Latin poetry . Like the choriamb , in Greek quantitative verse the ionic never appears in passages meant to be spoken rather than sung . `` Ionics '' may refer inclusively to poetry composed of the various metrical units of the same total quantitative length ( six morae ) that may be used in combination with ionics proper : ionics , choriambs , and anaclasts . Equivalent forms exist in English poetry .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dcbe9c1897f8849d8544627de1bbe3da",
"text": "Odyssey (disambiguation) The Odyssey is an ancient Greek epic poem attributed to Homer . Odyssey or The Odyssey may also refer to :",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4f3347bd4ba2a66ac2d31d1cb0325dc7",
"text": "Life of Homer (Pseudo-Herodotus) The Life of Homer , whose unknown author is referred to as Pseudo-Herodotus , is one among several ancient biographies of the Greek epic poet , Homer . It is distinguished from the others by the fact that it contains , in its first lines , the claim to have been compiled by the early historian Herodotus : Herodotus of Halicarnassus wrote the following history of Homer 's background , upbringing and life , and sought to make his account complete and absolutely reliable . Despite being written in the Ionic dialect , it is not generally , and has not been since a time before the publication of books , considered to be the work of Herodotus and therefore according to current scholarly conventions the author merits the name `` Pseudo-Herodotus . '' Although used in this context as a proper name , it is also used as a common name , `` the pseudo-Herodotus , '' whenever a writer questions the authorship of any or any part of the writings of Herodotus . The text concludes with a calculation showing that Homer was born 168 years after the Trojan War and 622 years before Xerxes I of Persia ( a major figure in the real Herodotus 's Histories ) invaded Greece . That invasion took place in 480 BC ; by this calculation , therefore , Homer was born in 1102 BC . This contradicts the estimate given by the real Herodotus , that Homer lived `` not more than 400 years before our own time '' , thus around 850 BC .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d99d7bbfc96288ae0a07ce2bef4ec2d0",
"text": "The Greek Myths The Greek Myths ( 1955 ) is a mythography , a compendium of Greek mythology , with comments and analyses , by the poet and writer Robert Graves , normally published in two volumes , though there are abridged editions that present the myths only . Each myth is presented in the voice of a narrator writing under the Antonines , such as Plutarch or Pausanias , with citations of the classical sources . The literary quality of these retellings is generally praised . Each myth is followed by Graves 's interpretation of its origin and significance , following his theories on a prehistoric Matriarchal religion as presented in his book White Goddess and elsewhere . These theories and his etymologies are generally rejected by classical scholars , but Graves dismissed such criticism , arguing that by definition classical scholars lack `` the poetic capacity to forensically examine mythology '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9ab81adf015381ed175e928dce42dd05",
"text": "Ancient Greek verbs Ancient Greek verbs have four moods ( indicative , imperative , subjunctive and optative ) , three voices ( active , middle and passive ) , as well as three persons ( first , second and third ) and three numbers ( singular , dual and plural ) . In the indicative mood there are seven tenses : present , imperfect , future , aorist ( the equivalent of past simple ) , perfect , pluperfect , and future perfect . ( The last two , especially the future perfect , are rarely used ) . In the subjunctive and imperative mood , however , there are only three tenses ( present , aorist , and perfect ) . The optative mood , infinitives and participles are found in four tenses ( present , aorist , perfect , and future ) and all three voices . The distinction of the `` tenses '' in moods other than the indicative is predominantly one of aspect rather than time . The different persons of a Greek verb are shown by changing the verb-endings ; for example λύω `` I free '' , λύεις `` you free '' , λύει `` he or she frees '' , etc. . There are three persons in the singular ( `` I '' , `` you ( singular ) '' , `` he , she , it '' ) , and three in the plural ( `` we '' , `` you ( plural ) '' , `` they '' ) . In addition there are endings for the 2nd and 3rd persons dual ( `` you two '' , `` they both '' ) , but these are only very rarely used . A distinction is traditionally made between the so-called athematic verbs ( also called mi-verbs ) , with endings affixed directly to the root , and the thematic class of verbs which present a `` thematic '' vowel -LSB- / o / -RSB- or -LSB- / e / -RSB- before the ending . The endings are classified into primary ( those used in the present , future , perfect and future perfect of the indicative , as well as in the subjunctive ) and secondary ( used in the aorist , imperfect , and pluperfect of the indicative , as well as in the optative ) . To make the three past tenses of the indicative mood an `` augment '' ( the vowel ε - is prefixed to the verb stem , e.g. ἔ-λυσα `` I freed '' , ἔ-λυον `` I was freeing '' . This augment is found only in the indicative , not in the other moods or in the infinitive or participle . To make the three perfect tenses the first consonant is reduplicated `` I have freed '' , γέγραφα `` I have written '' ) , or in some cases an augment is used in lieu of reduplication ( e.g. ηὕρηκα `` I have found '' ) . Unlike the past-tense augment , this reduplication or augment is retained in all the moods of the perfect tense as well as in the perfect infinitive and participle . The Ancient Greek verbal system preserves nearly all the complexities of Proto-Indo-European ( PIE ) . Ancient Greek also preserves the PIE middle voice and adds a passive voice , with separate forms only in the future and aorist ( elsewhere , the middle forms are used ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "45199aceb51d727884161b92bf8840be",
"text": "Iliupersis The Iliupersis ( Greek : Ἰλίου πέρσις , Iliou persis , `` Sack of Ilium '' ) , also known as The Sack of Troy , is a lost epic of ancient Greek literature . It was one of the Epic Cycle , that is , the `` Trojan '' cycle , which told the entire history of the Trojan War in epic verse . The story of the Iliou persis comes chronologically after that of the Little Iliad , and is followed by the Nostoi ( `` Returns '' ) . The Iliou persis was sometimes attributed by ancient writers to Arctinus of Miletus ( see Cyclic poets ) . The poem comprised two books of verse in dactylic hexameter .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "554432d31cd05ebc7414125e6c741135",
"text": "Polyphemus Polyphemus ( -LSB- ˌpɒlᵻˈfiːməs -RSB- Πολύφημος Polyphēmos ) is the giant son of Poseidon and Thoosa in Greek mythology , one of the Cyclopes described in Homer 's Odyssey . His name means `` abounding in songs and legends '' . Polyphemus first appears as a savage man-eating giant in the ninth book of the Odyssey . Some later Classical writers link his name with the nymph Galatea and present him in a different light .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "334f133fd8e93dc5ecf1de29601f27ca",
"text": "Parian Chronicle Parian Marble redirects here ; for marble from Paros , see Parian marble . The Parian Chronicle or Parian Marble ( Marmor Parium , Mar. . Par . ) is a Greek chronology , covering the years from 1582 BC to 299 BC , inscribed on a stele . Found on the island of Paros in two sections , and sold in Smyrna in the early 17th century to an agent for Thomas Howard , Earl of Arundel , this inscription was deciphered by John Selden and published among the Arundel Marbles , Marmora Arundelliana ( London 1628-9 ) nos. 1-14 , 59-119 . The first of the sections published by Selden has subsequently disappeared . A further third fragment of this inscription , comprising the base of the stele and containing the end of the text , was found on Paros in 1897 . It has entries from 336/35 to 299/98 BC . The two known upper fragments , brought to London in 1627 and presented to Oxford University in 1667 , include entries for the years 1582/81 -- 355/54 BC . The surviving upper chronicle fragment currently resides in the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford . It combines dates for events we would consider mythic , such as the Flood of Deucalion ( equivalent to 1529/28 BC ) with dates we would categorize as historic . For the Greeks , the events of their distant past , such as the Trojan War ( dated from 1217 to 1208 BC in the Parian inscription ) and the Voyage of the Argonauts were historic : their myths were understood as legends to the Greeks . In fact the Parian inscriptions spend more detail on the Heroic Age than on certifiably historic events closer to the date the stele was inscribed and erected , apparently during 264/263 BC . `` The Parian Marble uses chronological specificity as a guarantee of truth , '' Peter Green observed in the introduction to his annotated translation of the Argonautica of Apollonios Rhodios : `` the mythic past was rooted in historical time , its legends treated as fact , its heroic protagonists seen as links between the ` age of origins ' and the mortal , everyday world that succeeded it . '' The shorter fragment base of the stele , found in 1897 , is in a museum on Paros . It contains chronicle entries for the years 336/35 -- 299/98 BC .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c5e5cbfca3b1fe456978fdd8b68f738d",
"text": "Argonautica Orphica Argonautica Orphica is a Greek epic poem dating from the 5th -- 6th centuries CE . It is narrated in the first person in the name of Orpheus and tells the story of Jason and the Argonauts . It is not known who the real author is . The poem is found in manuscripts either on its own or together with the Orphic Hymns and other hymns such as the Homeric Hymns and those of Proclus and Callimachus . Another related work is the Lithica ( describing the properties and symbolism of different stones ) . The narrative is basically similar to that in other versions of the story , such as the Argonautica of Apollonius Rhodius , on which it is probably based . The main differences are the emphasis on the role of Orpheus and a more mythological , less realistic technique of narration . In the Argonautica Orphica , unlike in Apollonius Rhodius , it is claimed that the Argo was the first ship ever built .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5a719a9325a8764c48577e6f82bc4446",
"text": "Song cycle A song cycle ( Liederkreis or Liederzyklus ) is a group , or cycle , of individually complete songs designed to be performed in a sequence as a unit . The songs are either for solo voice or an ensemble , or rarely a combination of solo songs mingled with choral pieces . The number of songs in a song cycle may be as brief as two songs or as long as 30 or more songs . The term `` song cycle '' did not enter lexicography until 1865 , in Arrey von Dommer 's edition of Koch 's Musikalisches Lexikon , but works definable in retrospect as song cycles existed long before then . One of the earliest examples may be the set of seven Cantigas de amigo by the 13th-century Galician jongleur Martin Codax . A song cycle is similar to a song collection , and the two can be difficult to distinguish . Some type of coherence , however , is regarded as a necessary attribute of song cycles . It may derive from the text ( a single poet ; a story line ; a central theme or topic such as love or nature ; a unifying mood ; poetic form or genre , as in a sonnet or ballad cycle ) or from musical procedures ( tonal schemes ; recurring motifs , passages or entire songs ; formal structures ) . These unifying features may appear singly or in combination . Because of these many variations , the song cycle `` resists definition '' . The nature and quality of the coherence within a song cycle must therefore be examined `` in individual cases '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "727f857aba24500a7d16a82f4e49ef4b",
"text": "Thrinacia For Trinakria as an alternative name for modern Sicily and for its triskeles symbol , also known as the island of the sun , see Trinacria ( disambiguation ) . For the genus of moth , see Thrinacia ( moth ) Thrinakia ( Θρινακία , -LSB- tʰrinakía -RSB- ) , also called Trinacria or Tarnationus , is the island home of Helios 's cattle in Book XII of Homer 's Odyssey , guarded by Helios ' eldest daughter , Lampetia . It is sometimes said to have been Sicily , since the name Thrinacia could be taken to imply a connection to the number three ( Greek treis , tria sounds vaguely similar to Thri - ) and Sicily has three corners ( cf. Trinacria , an alternate name for Sicily ) . However , the island is also associated with Malta , and that Sicily is often identified with the episode of the Cyclopes only serves to underscore the shaky footing any geographer is on when trying to identify Homer 's locations . Odysseus and his crew arrive at Thrinacia after passing Scylla and Charybdis . Odysseus has been warned by both Circe and the shade of Tiresias to avoid Thrinacia , but his men beg him to let them stop and rest . He reluctantly agrees , but makes them swear an oath not to touch the cattle on the island . However , for the next month unfavorable winds blow continuously and they are unable to leave . When Odysseus goes to pray for a safe return to Ithaca , his crew , fearing starvation , slaughter and eat some of Helios ' cattle . In punishment , when they finally sail away from the island , Helios successfully pleads to Zeus to send a thunderbolt at their ship , killing all the men except Odysseus . Odysseus is spared but , as forewarned by Circe and Tiresias , is himself punished when his return to Ithaca is delayed by an eight-year sojourn on Ogygia .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9182a90196fd281ac524076f30aea078",
"text": "Livius Andronicus Not to be confused with Livy , the Augustan-era historian whose Latin name is Livius . Lucius Livius Andronicus ( c. 284 -- c. 205 BC ) was a Greco-Roman dramatist and epic poet of the Old Latin period . He began as an educator in the service of a noble family at Rome by translating Greek works into Latin , including Homer 's Odyssey . They were meant at first as educational devices in the school he founded . He wrote works for the stage -- both tragedies and comedies -- which are regarded as the first dramatic works written in the Latin language of ancient Rome . His comedies were based on Greek New Comedy and featured characters in Greek costume . Thus , the Romans referred to this new genre by the term comoedia palliata ( fabula palliata ) . The Roman biographer Suetonius later coined the term `` half-Greek '' of Livius and Ennius ( referring to their genre , not their ethnic backgrounds ) . The genre was imitated by the next dramatists to follow in Andronicus ' footsteps and on that account he is regarded as the father of Roman drama and of Latin literature in general ; that is , he was the first man of letters to write in Latin . Varro , Cicero , and Horace , all men of letters during the subsequent Classical Latin period , considered Livius Andronicus to have been the originator of Latin literature . He is the earliest Roman poet whose name is known .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e968b7a371aef224cf329ad974c3a476",
"text": "Odyssey (WBEZ) Odyssey was a daily talk show of ideas produced by WBEZ Chicago Public Radio . Hosted by Gretchen Helfrich , Odyssey explored topics ranging from religion in the public sphere to reasoning about risk ; pacifism to post-national identity ; memory to Microsoft ; societal views on mental health to the state of marriage . Odyssey first went on the air in Chicago in 1998 and was launched as Chicago Public Radio 's newest national program in November 2001 . `` Talk radio has a reputation for being either inflammatory or pretentious , '' said Torey Malatia , the president and general manager of Chicago Public Radio . `` Odyssey moves this format in a new direction by providing a forum for the best minds in fields as diverse as politics , science , culture , philosophy , law , and the arts to engage in insightful conversation . '' Odysseys guests had varied and complementary views and were invited to investigate ideas and issues -- rather than just to debate them . The first part of the program was an in-depth discussion of ideas that influence the world in which we live . Towards the end of each show , listeners were invited to call in and join the conversation . Barack Obama made at least three appearances on the show engaging in deep , non-political , discussions of public policy for the duration of the program . The theme music for the show was written by little-known Chicago band OK Go , who later went on to wider fame . Helfrich and other radio personalities also appeared in a video for the band . Odyssey ended production on September 30 , 2005 , and the audio is archived at Archive.org . When the show ended , its host Gretchen Helfrich enrolled in the University of Chicago Law School , graduating in 2009 with honors . In 2014 she joined the civil rights law firm of Loevy & Loevy .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0d1dba5add8e52be6fdf753b381c493b",
"text": "Dactylic pentameter Dactylic pentameter is a form of meter in poetry . The dactyl , which is made of a stressed ( or long ) syllable followed by two unstressed ( or short ) syllables , is repeated five times to create a pentameter line . In classical literature , it is usually found in the second line of the classical Latin or Greek elegiac couplet , following a dactylic hexameter . The meter consists of two halves , both shaped around the dactylic hexameter line up to the main caesura . That is , it has two dactyls ( for which spondees can be substituted ) , following by a longum , followed by two dactyls ( which must remain dactyls ) , followed by a longum . Thus the line most normally looks as follows ( note that -- is a long syllable , ∪ a short syllable and U either one long or two shorts ) : -- U | -- U | -- | | -- ∪ ∪ | -- ∪ ∪ | -- As in all classical verse forms , the phenomenon of brevis in longo is observed , so the last syllable can actually be short or long . Also , the line has a diaeresis , a place where word-boundary must occur , after the first half-line , here marked with a | | . `` Pentameter '' is a slightly strange term for this meter , as it seems to have six parts , but the reason is that the two halves of the line , broken here by the | | , each have two and a half feet . Two and a half plus two and a half equals five . The two half-lines are each called a hemiepes ( half-epic ) , as they resemble half a line of epic dactylic hexameter . The pentameter is notable for its very structured quality : no substitutions are allowed except in the first two feet .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
ac352d7e14515901b8d0d6e3e56562f1 | Eminem has sold over 45 million tracks. | [
{
"docid": "17fbd8f66111ebe82eda16aaf290921e",
"text": "Eminem Marshall Bruce Mathers III ( born October 17 , 1972 ) , known professionally as Eminem ( often stylized as EMINƎM ) , is an American rapper , record producer , and actor . Eminem is the best-selling artist of the 2000s in the United States . Throughout his career , he has had 10 number-one albums on the Billboard 200 and five number-one singles on the Billboard Hot 100 . With US sales of 45.1 million albums and 42 million tracks as of June 2014 , Eminem is the second best-selling male artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era , the sixth best-selling artist in the United States and the best-selling hip-hop artist . Globally , he has sold more than 172 million albums , thus being one of the world 's best-selling artists . Rolling Stone ranked him 83rd on its list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time , calling him the King of Hip Hop . After his debut album Infinite ( 1996 ) and the Slim Shady EP ( 1997 ) , Eminem signed with Dr. Dre 's Aftermath Entertainment and subsequently achieved mainstream popularity in 1999 with The Slim Shady LP , which earned him his first Grammy Award for Best Rap Album . His next two releases , 2000 's The Marshall Mathers LP and 2002 's The Eminem Show , were worldwide successes , with each being certified diamond in U.S. sales , and both winning Best Rap Album Grammy Awards -- making Eminem the first artist to win the award for three consecutive LPs . They were followed by Encore in 2004 , another critical and commercial success . Eminem went on hiatus after touring in 2005 , releasing Relapse in 2009 and Recovery in 2010 . Both won Grammy Awards and Recovery was the best-selling album of 2010 worldwide , the second time he had the international best-selling album of the year ( after The Eminem Show ) . Eminem 's eighth album , 2013 's The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , won two Grammy Awards , including Best Rap Album ; it expanded his record for the most wins in that category and his Grammy total to 15 . In addition to his solo career , Eminem is an original member of the Midwest hip hop groups Soul Intent and D12 . He is also known for his collaborations with fellow Detroit-based rapper Royce da 5 ' 9 '' ; the two are collectively known as Bad Meets Evil . Eminem has developed other ventures , including Shady Records , with manager Paul Rosenberg , which helped launch the careers of artists such as 50 Cent . Eminem has also established his own channel , Shade 45 , on Sirius XM Radio . In November 2002 , he starred in the hip hop film 8 Mile , which won the Academy Award for Best Original Song , for `` Lose Yourself '' , becoming the first rap artist to win the award . Eminem has made cameo appearances in the films The Wash ( 2001 ) , Funny People ( 2009 ) , The Interview ( 2014 ) and the television series Entourage ( 2010 ) .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "126bccc541c56129d011a788ad28afb7",
"text": "Mockingbird (Eminem song) `` Mockingbird '' is a song by American rapper Eminem from his fifth studio album Encore ( 2004 ) . It was released as the fifth single from the album in April 2005 . It peaked at number eleven on the Billboard Hot 100 , and number four in the United Kingdom . It received a Grammy nomination for Best Rap Solo Performance . `` Mockingbird '' was later included on Eminem 's greatest hits compilation album Curtain Call : The Hits ( 2005 ) . The song is another that addresses Eminem 's relationship with his daughter Hailie Jade , his adopted daughter Alaina and his relationship with his wife Kim . The single cover features a still from the video with Eminem sitting on the couch . This song was also featured on the 2005 compilation album Now That 's What I Call Music 19 ( U.S. series ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "106ae4371412686a08b197b1c094ea26",
"text": "The Marshall Mathers LP The Marshall Mathers LP is the third studio album by American rapper Eminem . It was released on May 23 , 2000 , by Aftermath Entertainment , Interscope Records , and Eminem 's newly founded label , Shady Records in the United States , and on September 11 , 2000 , by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom . The album was produced mostly by Dr. Dre and Eminem , along with The 45 King , the Bass Brothers , and Mel-Man . Released a year after Eminem 's breakout album The Slim Shady LP , the record features more introspective lyricism including the rapper 's response to his sudden rise to fame and controversy surrounding his lyrics . The album sold more than 1.78 million copies in the US in its first week alone , becoming the fastest-selling studio album by any solo artist in American music history . In 2001 , the album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and was nominated for Album of the Year . Eminem lost the latter to jazz-rock duo Steely Dan and their album Two Against Nature . The album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America in March 2011 for shipping 10 million copies in the United States . By December 2016 , the album had sold over 11 million copies in the United States and more than 32 million copies worldwide . A sequel to the album , The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , was released on November 5 , 2013 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5c963516cc3d91425bfa181ef0f1a547",
"text": "Young Jeezy discography The discography of Young Jeezy , an American hip hop recording artist , consists of seven studio albums , two independent albums , fifteen mixtapes , thirty-seven singles ( including nineteen as a featured artist ) and forty music videos . He has also released an album as a member of Boyz N Da Hood , as well with USDA , who are artists on his label .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "38c2c4b2a8ee2dabc22e6f59e4c9f5a5",
"text": "E=MC² (Mariah Carey album) E = MC ² is the eleventh studio album by American singer and songwriter Mariah Carey . It was released in the United States on April 15 , 2008 by Island Records . The singer began recording the album in 2007 in Anguilla , after writing and composing most of its material during and after her 2006 Adventures of Mimi Tour . Carey worked with several notable songwriters and producers during the course of the project , including Jermaine Dupri , Bryan-Michael Cox , Stargate , The-Dream , Tricky Stewart , Scott Storch and Danja . The album revealed a more personal side of the singer , illustrated in its declarative theme of emancipation from her previous marriage , and from her personal and professional setbacks . Although it shared similar vocal production as well as an inclination to her signature pop and R&B ballads , the album also encompassed a variety of dance-oriented and uptempo styles . It was meant to be a continuation , or a second part of her tenth studio album , The Emancipation of Mimi ( 2005 ) . Carey collaborated with a number of artists on the album , including T-Pain , Damian Marley and Young Jeezy . Though considered by critics very similar to the formula its predecessor had been built on , E = MC ² included other genres she had never explored , such as reggae , and her continued recording of gospel-influenced hymns . E = MC ² was generally well received by music critics , with many complimenting the record 's broad genre influences , and musical and production styles . Some critics , however , felt that the album was too similar to The Emancipation of Mimi , and did n't offer anything new from the formula . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with opening week sales of 463,000 copies ; the highest first-week sales of Carey 's career . It opened inside the top-five on the albums chart in Australia , Canada , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . The album achieved worldwide sales of over 2.5 million copies . Four singles were commission in promotion of the album . The album 's lead single , `` Touch My Body '' , became Carey 's eighteenth chart topper on the Billboard Hot 100 , making her the solo artist with the most number one singles in United States history , surpassing the record held by Elvis Presley . Additionally , it gave Carey her 79th week atop the chart , tying Presley for most weeks at number one . It achieved strong worldwide charting , peaking within the top five of the singles charts in Italy , Japan , New Zealand , Switzerland and the United Kingdom . `` Bye Bye '' served as the album 's second release . Although hailed by critics , and expected to have achieved large commercial success , the song stalled at number nineteen on the Hot 100 , and managed to chart weakly internationally . Both the third and fourth singles , `` I 'll Be Lovin ' U Long Time '' and `` I Stay in Love '' failed to garner success in any prominent music market .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1ccec1b92d1c141b81edde97b10c7e5b",
"text": "Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps . The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work . Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bad6673fcb603b9a86808a8f7c5301e8",
"text": "Busta Rhymes Trevor George Smith Jr. ( born May 20 , 1972 ) , better known by his stage name Busta Rhymes , is an American rapper , actor , record producer and record executive . Chuck D of Public Enemy gave him the moniker Busta Rhymes , after NFL wide receiver George `` Buster '' Rhymes . He is widely known for his outlandish style and fashion sense depicted in several highly innovative music videos as well as his intricate rhyming technique , rapping at a high rate of speed with heavy use of internal rhyme and half rhyme , and to date has received 11 Grammy Award nominations for his musical work . About.com included him on its list of the 50 Greatest MCs of Our Time ( 1987 -- 2007 ) , while Steve Huey of AllMusic called him one of the best and most prolific rappers of the 1990s . In 2012 , The Source placed him on their list of the Top 50 Lyricists of All Time . MTV has called him `` one of hip-hop 's greatest visual artists . '' Busta Rhymes was an original member of Leaders of the New School . He later went on and founded the record label Conglomerate ( initially Flipmode Entertainment ) and production crew The Conglomerate ( formerly Flipmode Squad ) . In November 2011 , Busta Rhymes signed a deal with Cash Money Records . On July 23 , 2014 , Busta Rhymes announced that he left Cash Money Records due to creative differences and was no longer on Republic . In 2016 Rhymes signed with Epic for his upcoming album due to be released in early 2017 . He has so far released nine studio albums , with the first being the 1996 platinum-selling album The Coming . His list of hit singles include `` Woo Hah !! Got You All in Check '' , `` Put Your Hands Where My Eyes Could See '' , `` Dangerous '' , `` Turn It Up ( Remix ) / Fire It Up '' , `` Gim me Some More '' , `` What 's It Gon na Be ?! '' , `` Pass the Courvoisier , Part II '' , `` I Know What You Want '' and `` Touch It '' , among several others .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a1f9c9499da715804463385c2ce36ad8",
"text": "Nate Dogg discography The discography of American recording artist Nate Dogg consists of three studio albums , one compilation album , one collaboration album , and 40 singles ( including 35 singles as a featured artist ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a3dc443d14d916ae5c349837433dea85",
"text": "Paid in Full (album) Paid in Full is the debut album of American hip hop duo Eric B. & Rakim , released on July 7 , 1987 , by Island-subsidiary label 4th & B'way Records . The duo recorded the album at hip hop producer Marley Marl 's home studio and Power Play Studios in New York City , following Rakim 's response to Eric B. 's search for a rapper to complement his disc jockey work in 1985 . The album peaked at number fifty-eight on the Billboard 200 chart and produced five singles , `` Eric B. Is President '' , `` I Ai n't No Joke '' , `` I Know You Got Soul '' , `` Move the Crowd '' , and `` Paid in Full '' . Paid in Full is credited as a benchmark album of golden age hip hop . Rakim 's rapping , which pioneered the use of internal rhymes in hip hop , set a higher standard of lyricism in the genre and served as a template for future rappers . The album 's heavy sampling by Eric B. became influential in hip hop production . The record has sold over a million copies and the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) certified it platinum in 1995 . In 2003 , the album was ranked number 228 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "502bb104646d183884d169905b0a2a48",
"text": "Ozzy Osbourne discography The solo discography of Ozzy Osbourne , an English heavy metal singer , currently consists of eleven studio albums , four live albums , six compilation albums , three extended plays ( EPs ) , eight video albums , and thirty-three singles . As a solo artist , Ozzy Osbourne has sold over 55 million albums worldwide , and over 100 million worldwide when including his work with Black Sabbath .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8049dd6b56b64cc0a89b80699f32f2da",
"text": "2002 in British music charts This is a summary of 2002 in music in the United Kingdom , including the official charts from that year . In 2002 , as in the previous year , there were 30 songs that reached the top of the charts . Although there were numerous songs that remained at the top for only a week , several managed to carry out runs of 2 or more weeks , none achieving above 4 . The UK also celebrated the 50th anniversary of the UK singles chart . After the Popstars phenomenon of the previous year , the UK became obsessed with talent show winners and the new show Pop Idol became a huge success . The year was thought of as the 2nd Golden Age of Hip-Hop music with many successful artists with Eminem coming out at top once again .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e6a965e2b8b20ccf541b0492a3d85b5b",
"text": "Smack That `` Smack That '' is a song by American singer/songwriter Akon from his second studio album Konvicted ( 2006 ) . The song , which features a guest appearance from American rapper Eminem , was written by Akon , Mike Strange , Luis Resto and Eminem , with the latter also helming the song 's production . The collaboration came after the two artists meet during a recording session for a Shady Records artist . The song received praise from contemporary music critics for being a great club song . `` Smack That '' was released as the first single from Konvicted on September 26 , 2006 . Commercially , the song reached number one on ten record charts and peaked inside the top ten in nine , including the Billboard Hot 100 , where it peaked at number two . It received several gold and platinum certifications and sold over 3 million downloads in the United States . The song earned a Grammy nomination for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "34b8a4098e77d60d50e91f820107cafb",
"text": "Ai discography The discography of Japanese contemporary R&B singer and rapper Ai consists of ten studio albums , four compilation albums , one live album , one mix tape , ten video albums and numerous solo and collaboration singles . Ai debuted as a musician through BMG Japan in 2000 , though which she released a single album , My Name Is Ai . In 2002 , Ai switched labels to DefJam Japan , a subsidiary of Universal Music Japan , and released her second studio album in 2003 , Original Ai . In 2005 , Ai released the ballad `` Story '' , which became one of the most digitally successful songs of all time in Japan , becoming 3 × Million certified for ringtones and Million for downloads to cellphones . Ai remained with Universal until 2010 , releasing seven studio albums with the label . Ai signed to EMI Music Japan in June 2011 , and released the album Independent ( 2012 ) , led by the single `` Happiness '' . In September 2012 , Universal Music Group purchased EMI Music , leading Ai to return to Universal as an artist under the newly created EMI Records Japan sub-label .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "54f4c66110ae7ed72dac5944d1436228",
"text": "Relapse (Eminem album) Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem . The album was released on May 19 , 2009 , under Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . It was his first album of original material since Encore ( 2004 ) , following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer 's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2009 at several recording studios , and Dr. Dre , Mark Batson , and Eminem handled production . Conceptually , Relapse concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation , rapping after a non-fictional relapse , and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego . One of the most anticipated album releases of 2009 , Relapse debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 608,000 copies in its first week . It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The album received mixed reviews from most music critics , who were divided in their responses towards Eminem 's lyrics . It has sold more than 2.3 million copies in the United States and more than 17 million copies worldwide .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c5dd26717a6a403cb827f5ec4e1986cd",
"text": "Country Grammar Country Grammar is the debut studio album by American rapper Nelly . It was released on June 27 , 2000 , by Universal Records ( who released the album after listening to demos by Nelly , before signing a record deal with the rapper in 1999 ) . The production on the album was handled by Jason `` Jay E '' Epperson , with additional production by C-Love , Kevin Law , City Spud , Steve `` Blast '' Wills and Basement Beats . Nelly contributed to all lyrics on the album , with Epperson and City Spud also contributing . The album introduced a unique Saint Louis , Midwestern sound , and introduces Nelly 's vocal style of pop-rap singalongs and Midwestern , Missouri twang . It was supported four successful singles : `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , `` E.I. '' , `` Ride wit Me '' and `` Batter Up '' . Its lead single , `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 and UK Singles Chart . `` E.I. '' charted at number 16 , number 12 and number 11 on the Hot 100 , UK Singles Chart and ARIA Singles Chart , respectively . `` Ride wit Me '' peaked within the top five on the Hot 100 , ARIA Singles Chart , Irish Singles Chart and UK Singles Chart . The album 's fourth and final single , `` Batter Up '' featuring Murphy Lee and Ali , achieved moderate chart success . Country Grammar received positive reviews , with critics praising Nelly 's vocal style and the album 's production . It topped the US Billboard 200 chart for five consecutive weeks , and the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for six consecutive weeks . It peaked in the top five on the New Zealand Albums Chart and Australian Albums Chart , as well as the top ten on the Canadian Albums Chart and Dutch Albums Chart . The album was certified three times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand ( RIANZ ) and Music Canada ( MC ) , denoting shipments of 45,000 and 300,000 copies , respectively . In 2016 , Country Grammar became the ninth hip hop album to be certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting shipment of 10 million copies in the US . Its commercial success secured Nelly 's status as one of the most successful hip hop acts of the 2000s decade . On Billboard decade-end chart , Nelly ranked as the third most successful act of the 2000s decade , due largely to the success of Country Grammar and his follow-up album Nellyville ( 2002 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "efe9a95015a1e92496e94311129cd6de",
"text": "Bitch Please II `` Bitch Please II '' is a song by American rapper Eminem , featuring guest vocals from American rappers Dr. Dre , Snoop Dogg , Xzibit , and Nate Dogg , taken from Eminem 's The Marshall Mathers LP ( 2000 ) . The song was written by Eminem , Dr. Dre , Snoop Dogg , Xzibit and Nate Dogg with , production handled by Dr. Dre and Mel-Man .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fb8ff94a5093a33d32c555ec74d0b7ed",
"text": "Space Bound `` Space Bound '' is a song by American rapper Eminem . It was released on June 18 , 2011 as the fourth and final single from his seventh album Recovery . The song is produced by American hip-hop producer Jim Jonsin . `` Space Bound '' features samples of `` Drive '' by R.E.M. and `` Song for Bob '' by Nick Cave and Warren Ellis . The music video was shot in February 2011 by director Joseph Kahn . It features model and former pornographic actress Sasha Grey . The video was released to the iTunes Store on June 24 , 2011 . It is about a girl , played by Grey , who secretly cheats on her boyfriend , Eminem ; this turns into a violent conflict . The video shows two sides of Eminem , one who is calm and loves his girlfriend and one who is aggressive and does not . The music video received attention and controversy for a scene in which Eminem shoots himself in the head in frustration , with blood spurting from the wound .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7152ae9c006dedef1d7c59bbc167db49",
"text": "Snoop Dogg discography The discography of American rapper Snoop Dogg of fifteen studio albums , four collaborative albums , seventeen compilation albums , one extended play , twenty mixtapes , 127 singles ( including seventy-four as a featured artist ) , and fourteen promotional singles . He has sold over 23.5 million albums in United States and 37 million albums worldwide . He has garnered fourteen top ten singles on the Billboard Hot 100 ( including eight as a featured artist ) . Snoop Dogg came to attention of the music industry in 1992 , through his vocal contributions on Dr. Dre 's The Chronic . That album is considered to have `` transformed the entire sound of West Coast rap '' by its development of what later became known as the `` G-funk '' sound . The Chronic expanded gangsta rap with profanity , anti-authoritarian lyrics and multi-layered samples taken from 1970 's P-Funk records . Snoop Dogg contributed vocals to Dre 's solo single , `` Deep Cover '' , which led to a high degree of anticipation among hip hop for the release of his own solo album . Snoop 's debut album , Doggystyle , was released in 1993 under Death Row Records , debuting at number one on both the Billboard 200 and Billboard Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums charts , powered by spectacular first week sales 803,000 units . Doggystyle became certified 4 × platinum in 1994 and spawned several hit singles , including `` What 's My Name ? '' , `` Gin & Juice '' and the European hit `` Doggy Dogg World '' . As of March 2008 , the album has sold 6,137,000 copies in the United States . In 1994 , Snoop released a soundtrack on Death Row Records for the short film Murder Was The Case , starring himself . Murder Was the Case debuted on the Billboard 200 at number one , selling 329,000 units in the first week sales . The following week it stayed on top with 197,000 copies sold and was certified Gold . The album is certified 2x platinum with 2,030,000 copies sold . Following to the successful release of his debut album Doggystyle ( 1993 ) , Snoop was charged with a murder . In 1995 , Snoop had been spending much time preparing for the case , which went to trial , which took place later that year . In February 1996 , he was cleared of all charges and began working on his second album , without Dr. Dre as a frequent record producer on the album . This is also Snoop 's final album on Death Row Records , under the name of Snoop Doggy Dogg . His second album Tha Doggfather ( 1996 ) , also debuted at number one on US charts and UK R&B Charts . The album was certified double platinum in 1997 . Preceding the album 's release by European singles ; `` Snoop 's Upside Ya Head '' , `` Vapors '' and `` Doggfather '' . In 1998 Snoop released Da Game Is to Be Sold , Not to Be Told it was released , by No Limit Records . It is his first album following his departure from Death Row Records . It was also his first album to be released under a slight change to his stage name `` Snoop Dogg '' for contractual reasons . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 chart , selling over 520,000 copies in its first week , and remained on top for the second week selling additional 246,000 units according to SoundScan . It remained in the top ten for five weeks ; thus it was quickly certified double platinum later that year . In terms of chart success it is one of his most successful containing the singles Still a G Thang and Woof . As of March 2008 , the album has sold 2,085,000 copies in the United States . The fourth studio album , No Limit Top Dogg , was released on May 11 , 1999 . The album 's lead single `` Bitch Please '' featuring Xzibit and Nate Dogg , produced by Dr. Dre became a hit . The music video for the album 's second single `` G Bedtime Stories '' which was a success , the song was produced by Meech Wells . No Limit Top Dogg debuted at number 2 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 187,400 copies in its first week . Though it was Snoop Dogg 's first album to not debut at number one and have strong album sales for the first week , it eventually sold 1,100,000 copies by closing the year of 1999 making it the 73rd best selling album of the year . As of March 2008 , the album had sales 1,518,000 copies in the United States . The third and final album released on No Limit Records and his first album on his newly founded label Doggystyle Records , Tha Last Meal was released on December 19 , 2000 . The album included the singles `` Snoop Dogg ( What 's My Name Pt . 2 ) '' , `` Hennesey n Buddah '' featuring Kokane , `` Lay Low '' featuring Nate Dogg , `` Loosen ' Control '' and `` Wrong Idea '' featuring Bad Azz . The single `` Snoop Dogg ( What 's My Name II ) '' was nominated for Music Video of the Year at The Source Hip-Hop Music Awards 2001 . The album was nominated Album of the Year at the same ceremony . The single `` Wrong Idea '' was also included in Bad Azz 's second album Personal Business released on Doggystyle . Tha Last Meal debuted at number 9 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 397,238 copies in its first week . In the third week the album reached at number 4 in the US chart . The album topped the Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums for four consecutive weeks . In 2001 the album has sold 1,200,000 copies in the United States . Has sold over 2,068,000 copies in the United States according to Nielsen SoundScan . The sixth studio album , Paid tha Cost to Be da Bo $ $ was supported by two singles : `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' featuring Pharrell and the other-Pharrell track `` Beautiful '' also featuring Charlie Wilson . The album debuted at number 12 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 174,000 copies in its first week . The album has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and has sold 1,500,000 copies worldwide . The album 's lead single , titled `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' featuring guest vocals from Pharrell , was released on October 15 , 2002 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . The music video for `` From tha Chuuuch to da Palace '' , was directed by Diane Martel , under the alias Bucky Chrome . The second single , `` Beautiful '' featuring Pharrell and Charlie Wilson , was released on January 28 , 2003 . The song also was produced by The Neptunes . The music video for `` Beautiful '' featuring Pharrell and Charlie Wilson ( who he did not make it to the video ) , was directed by Chris Robinson and it was released in 2003 . The video took place in Brazil . The video helped exceeded the song to become a hit on the Billboard charts . The seventh studio R&G ( Rhythm & Gangsta ) : The Masterpiece was released 2004 . `` Drop It Like It 's Hot '' featuring Pharrell , was released as the album 's lead single on September 14 , 2004 . With the production by The Neptunes , the song gained some critical attention for its very sparse production . The song essentially is just tongue clicks , keyboards and a drum machine beat , which compared to much early 2000s rap , was very minimalist . It was nominated at the Grammy Awards for Best Rap Song and Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group , though it lost both awards to the songs `` Jesus Walks '' by Kanye West and `` Let 's Get It Started '' by The Black Eyed Peas , respectively . The song reached at number 10 on the UK Singles Chart and number one on the US Billboard Hot 100 , becoming Snoop 's first US number one single . The song internationally reached the top-ten in a huge 12 countries . The second single , `` Let 's Get Blown '' featuring Pharrell , was released on December 14 , 2004 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . It did not repeat the success of `` Drop It Like It 's Hot '' , but it filled the gap between the aforementioned song and the club hit `` Signs '' . Keyshia Cole , who had not garnered a reputation at that time and was therefore left uncredited ( her contribution to the R&G song `` Pass It Pass It '' also went uncredited ) . The song samples and contains interpolations from Slave 's `` Watching You '' , which was also interpolated in `` Gin and Juice . '' The single is one of Snoop Dogg 's biggest hits in the UK for peaking at number 13 and number 54on the US Billboard Hot 100 . `` Signs '' featuring Justin Timberlake and Charlie Wilson , was released on April 25 , 2005 . The song was produced by The Neptunes . In May 2005 , the single reached at number 2 on the UK Singles Chart and number 46 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart . However , it was more popular in Australia staying at number one on the Australian Singles Chart for two weeks . Internationally , the song reached the top-ten in 11 countries . The final single , `` Ups & Downs '' featuring Bee Gees , was released on August 15 , 2005 . The song was produced by Warryn Campbell . The song interpolates The Bee Gees ' 1979 hit `` Love You Inside Out '' . The song charted in several countries , but did n't match the success from his previous singles on the album . R&G debuted at number 6 on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 225,000 copies in its first week . In its second week , the album fell to number 9 on the Billboard 200 , selling 203,000 copies , for a two-week total of 428,000 units . As of March 2008 , the album sales 1,724,000 copies in the United States . In 2006 , the song `` I Wan na Love You '' , a collaboration with Akon , became Snoop 's second number one on the Hot 100 . Tha Blue Carpet Treatment Snoop 's eighth studio album , was released in 2006 . Tha Blue Carpet Treatment debuted at number 5 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 264,000 copies in its first week . On the Nielsen SoundScan annual `` Best Sellers Top 100 '' rankings when the album was listed 97th with the 2006 year-end catalog closing sales number of 637,000 copies despite having been released in mid-November and its sales data is accumulated for only one and a half months . As of March 2008 , the album had sales 903,000 copies in the United States . On November 20 , 2007 he released the single `` Sexual Eruption '' peaked at number 7 on The Hot 100 . The ninth studio album Ego Trippin ' , it was released by Geffen Records on March 11 , 2008 . The album sold over 137,000 copies in its first week in the United States , debuting at number 3 on the US Billboard 200 chart . In its second week the album fell to number 7 on the Billboard 200 chart , selling 57,000 copies , for a two-week total of 194,000 units . Ego Trippin was the tenth best selling hip hop album of the year , selling 401,000 copies in the US . Malice n Wonderland is the tenth studio album by American rapper Snoop 's ; it was released on December 8 , 2009 . The album included the Billboard charts singles `` Gangsta Luv '' and `` I Wan na Rock '' . Malice n Wonderland debuted at number 23 on the US Billboard 200 , selling 61,000 copies in its opening week . It is his first album since Paid tha Cost to Be da Boss ( 2002 ) not to reach the top ten on the Billboard 200 , his lowest charting album on the US R&B / Hip-Hop charts and his only album to miss the British and Australian Top 100 . Malice n Wonderland has sold over 400,000 copies in the United States as of 2011 . In 2011 , Snoop 's was released top ten album Doggumentary , the album debuted at number eight on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 50,000 copies in its first week in the United States . Snoop Dogg collaborated with David Guetta for a remix of the latter 's single `` Wet '' , newly titled `` Sweat '' . It topped the charts in countries such as France , Australia and Austria . In 2011 , Snoop released a soundtrack on Mac & Devin Go to High School with Wiz Khalifa . `` Young , Wild & Free '' , the soundtrack 's lead single which features Bruno Mars , and produced by The Smeezingtons , was released on October 11 , 2011 . In its first week it sold 159,000 digital copies , debuting at number 10 on the US Billboard Hot 100 , and number 44 on the Canadian Hot 100 . In 2012 , after a trip to Jamaica , Snoop announced a conversion to the Rastafari movement and a new alias , Snoop Lion '' ' . Under the new moniker , he released a reggae album , Reincarnated . As of May 2015 , the album has sold 104,000 copies in the United States . The album topped Billboard Top Reggae Albums for 34 non-consecutive weeks n His thirteenth solo studio album , Bush , was released in May 2015 . It was supported by the singles ; `` Peaches N Cream '' featuring Charlie Wilson , `` So Many Pros '' , and `` California Roll '' featuring Stevie Wonder . The album was the eighth best-selling album of the week . Bush was the sixth Snoop 's solo album to debut at number one on the Billboard '' Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums . Coolaid was released July 1 , 2016 on eOne . His latest album Neva Left was released on Doggystyle and Empire records on May 19 , 2017 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f23f0d745347bd4adab0b957cf55f98a",
"text": "J. Cole discography American hip hop recording artist J. Cole has released four studio albums , one live album , one compilation album , two extended plays , three mixtapes , sixteen singles ( including nine as a featured artist ) , two promotional singles and twenty music videos . J. Cole first took up rapping in his teens , collaborating with the local Fayetteville hip hop duo Bomm Sheltuh . The Come Up , his debut mixtape , was released on May 4 , 2007 to positive reception . Following the release of The Come Up , J. Cole was contacted by American rapper Jay Z and subsequently signed to his record label Roc Nation . Cole released his second mixtape The Warm Up on June 15 , 2009 . `` Lights Please '' , the first single from The Warm Up , peaked at number nine on the United States Billboard Bubbling Under R&B / Hip-Hop Singles chart and became Cole 's first entry on a national record chart . He was later featured on `` All I Want Is You '' , a 2010 single by American R&B singer Miguel -- it peaked at number 58 on the US Billboard Hot 100 . J. Cole 's third mixtape Friday Night Lights was released on November 12 , 2010 . J. Cole released his debut studio album Cole World : The Sideline Story on September 27 , 2011 . It debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 , with first-week sales of 218,000 copies . The album 's lead single `` Work Out '' peaked at number thirteen on the Billboard Hot 100 and became a top ten hit on the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs and Hot Rap Songs charts . Cole World : The Sideline Story was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , while `` Work Out '' was certified two times platinum . Two more singles were released from the album : `` Ca n't Get Enough '' and `` Nobody 's Perfect '' , which peaked at numbers 52 and 61 respectively on the Hot 100 . J. Cole 's second studio album Born Sinner was released on June 18 , 2013 . Its lead single , `` Power Trip '' , peaked at number 19 on the Hot 100 and received a platinum certification from the RIAA . On December 9 , 2014 , he released his third studio album 2014 Forest Hills Drive . The album was supported by four singles : `` Apparently '' , `` Wet Dreamz '' , `` No Role Modelz '' and `` Love Yourz '' . The album also went on to sell 353,000 copies in its first week , and became the first rap album in 25 years to be certified platinum in the US with no guest appearances . The songs `` No Role Modelz '' and `` Wet Dreamz '' later received a platinum certification from the RIAA . In addition to his fourth album , Cole released three singles in 2016 : `` Love Yourz '' , `` Everybody Dies '' , and `` False Prophets '' . His album 4 Your Eyez Only was released on the second anniversary of 2014 Forest Hill Drive . 4 Your Eyez Only was certified gold before it debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 , despite having no singles upon release . `` Deja Vu '' was later given a single release after peaking at number 7 on the Hot 100 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8ac4657371daebb33c90157164cf2e88",
"text": "U Got Miilk ? U Got Miilk ? is the second studio album by American Rapper Miilkbone , released on April 17 , 2001 by XCaliber Entertainment and Lightyear Entertainment . The album generated three non charting singles , `` Yes Yes Y' all '' , `` Dear Slim '' , and `` A Few Good Men '' , all of which did not chart . The album is notable for its single `` Dear Slim '' which attacked rapper Eminem , who had previously dissed Miilkbone on his song `` Just Do n't Give A Fuck '' with the line , `` I 'm Nicer than Pete , but I 'm on a Serch to crush a Miilkbone I 'm Everlasting , I melt Vanilla Ice like silicone '' . After learning that Miilkbone was planning to release a diss track against him Eminem was quoted as saying , `` When I said ` I 'm on a Serch to crush a Miilkbone , ' I was talking about stereotypes and now I heard he wants to bring it , so he could bring it and look stupid , you know what im sayin ' ? I heard his shit and his shit is garbage . I wish it was dope enough for me to respond , but it 's not , you know what i 'm sayin ' ? '' Eminem never responded to the song . This would be Miilkbone 's last release until his return to rapping in 2012 and his 2015 single `` Facebook Love '' from his upcoming third studio album `` The Voice Of Reason '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6716f8a9bf0d4e5bc1fa66805e915d34",
"text": "Wu-Syndicate Wu-Syndicate is a group from Virginia consisting of Joe Mafia , Napoleon , and Myalansky ( who named himself after the gangster Meyer Lansky ) . They were originally called Crime Syndicate but changed their name to Wu-Syndicate when they signed to Wu-Tang Records and became Wu-Tang Clan affiliates . After debuting on the compilation Wu-Tang Killa Bees : The Swarm in 1998 , their self-titled debut album Wu-Syndicate was released in 1999 on both Wu-Tang Records and their own label Slot Time Records . The album was , like most releases from Wu-Tang Clan affiliates during this time enjoyed moderately successful sales with the single `` Where Wuz Heaven '' going gold . Soon after the release there was a dispute of an unknown origin between the group and Wu-Tang Records and the group briefly changed their name to The Syndicate until 2009 with eventual reconciliation and the release of their second official album Grimlenz , produced mostly by Antagonist Dragonspit of Virginia Beach , VA. . Both Myalansky and Napoleon continue to work with Joe Mafia but have refused to work with each other since the release of their first album . In an interview Napoleon stated that though they have always clashed , `` Mya is still my dude though regardless '' . The group has maintained ties with various members of the Wu-Tang Family . Napoleon is currently working on a project with fellow Wu-Tang alumni Solomon Childs , Shaka Amazulu , and Dexter Wiggle called `` Illuminati Network '' . Joe Mafia released his debut solo album This One in 2002 and founded his own label called 58 West Diamond Street Records . Napoleon released his first solo album , Kingpin Wit Da Inkpen in 2007 and a mixtape titled Mark of the Beast in 2011 . Myalansky released his first solo album , Drastic Measures in 2008 and a mixtape a few years later in 2011 AMW.Com . Myalansky has also been working with California rapper Mitchy Slick and has released two more volumes of his AMW.Com mixtape series . In 2013 Myalansky and Joe Mafia featured on the song `` Golden Age Rapper '' by CHG Unfadable .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
d08d5f0a65c9e35eb58d19ca94ce9729 | Christopher Lloyd voiced a character in a show other than Cyberchase. | [
{
"docid": "862356f748b9a34cbd0f3742c15bc7cf",
"text": "Christopher Lloyd Christopher Allen Lloyd ( born October 22 , 1938 ) is an American actor , voice actor and comedian best known for his roles as Emmett `` Doc '' Brown in the Back to the Future trilogy , Judge Doom in Who Framed Roger Rabbit ( 1988 ) , Merlock the Magician in DuckTales the Movie : Treasure of the Lost Lamp ( 1990 ) , Uncle Fester in The Addams Family ( 1991 ) and its sequel Addams Family Values ( 1993 ) , and Grigori Rasputin in Anastasia ( 1997 ) . Lloyd has an equally prominent television profile , having won two Primetime Emmy Awards for playing Jim Ignatowski on the comedy series Taxi ( 1978 -- 1983 ) . He earned a third Emmy for his 1992 guest appearance on Road to Avonlea . He has also done extensive voiceover work for animated programs , most notably voicing The Hacker on the PBS Kids series Cyberchase ( 2002 -- 2015 ) . The role earned him two Daytime Emmy Award nominations .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "3310d85a971ae00b88a2b1bc785719e1",
"text": "Alex Doduk Alex Doduk ( born as Alexander Doduk ) is an American voice actor who is well known for his roles in the films : Barbie in the Nutcracker ( 2001 ) , Scary Godmother ( 2003 ) , The incredible Elephant ( 1998 ) and in the Animated series Brain Powered . He was the first voice of Lan Hikari for 14 episodes ( 1-5 , 9-17 ) on the English version of Megaman NT Warrior before Brad Swaile became the voice for Lan . Doduk has voiced in other English dubs of anime , such as InuYasha and the Ocean dub of Escaflowne . He was also José on Cybersix . He provided the voice of Vega Obscura in the English version of Zoids : New Century Zero . In 2000 , Doduk voiced Jake Spankenheimer in Grandma Got Run Over by a Reindeer .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4e6c48918f97c77f271d874d79e443d1",
"text": "Christine Steel Christine Steel is an actress who played the role of Jenny Andrews on the TV series Team Knight Rider , as well as the Tiberium Mutant Umagon in Command & Conquer : Tiberian Sun .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fa41503e851031a65253930a17ade8de",
"text": "K. C. Collins For the actor with a similar name , see Christopher Collins . K.C. Collins , also known as Chris Collins , is a Canadian film , voice and television actor .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "186d743fac8eb6752077371f385e2f6d",
"text": "Cucumber (Canadian TV series) Cucumber was a TV show produced by TVOntario in the 1970s , and repeated in the 1980s during TVOntario 's daytime kids ' programming . The show 's title was an acronym for Children 's Underground Club of United Moose and Beaver for Enthusiastic Reporters . It featured a human-sized moose ( played in costume by Alex Laurier ) and beaver ( Nikki Tilroe ) living in a treehouse , and acting as amateur journalists as they present various educational segments on topics such as science or history . By sending in a story or some artwork to the show ( the mailing address was in Toronto ) , one could become a member of the Cucumber Club . Some notable people appeared on the show : A young John Candy guest starred as a character named Weatherman A young Martin Short guest starred as a character named Smokey the Hare An interview featured a nine-year-old Jeff Healey .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "eae34f2e2b18c4dd22ad5745c70118b9",
"text": "List of My Little Pony characters animated in the 2000s The list of characters from the 2003-2009 My Little Pony animated films and shorts . The third incarnation of the My Little Pony franchise began in 2003 , and is commonly referred to as `` G3 '' , as classified by collectors , following earlier lines and television show tie-ins in the 1980s and 1990s . During the early years of the `` G3 '' Toyline , several direct-to-video specials were released , bundled with the toys of the `` G3 '' line . This later gained its first feature length DTV movie titled My Little Pony : A Very Minty Christmas in 2005 . This third toy line ended in 2009 with My Little Pony : Twinkle Wish Adventure . The characters were portrayed in the specials as adults , while also having childlike personalities . Usually , all the ponies in the specials like to play ; though some have `` jobs '' and businesses to run .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6373ca8d3a050bea228dbffd730f025a",
"text": "Chris Johnson (presenter) Christopher David Johnson ( often credited as Chris Johnson ) ( born 25 January 1991 ) is a British voice actor & television presenter . He began presenting on the CBBC Channel in January 2010 , and continued until April 2016 . His first television appearance was for BBC Three , introducing Family Guy . Chris also makes content on YouTube under the user name OfficialCDJ . He voiced Dennis the Menace for the 2013 series Dennis the Menace and Gnasher .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "efb0790390b44cbd1f9bc942ebb88d5f",
"text": "Cyberman The Cybermen are a fictional race of cyborgs who are among the most persistent enemies of the Doctor in the British science fiction television programme , Doctor Who . Within the context of the series , the Cybermen were originally a wholly organic species of humanoids originating on Earth 's twin planet Mondas that began to implant more and more artificial parts into their bodies as a means of self-preservation . This led to the race becoming coldly logical and calculating , with every emotion deleted from their minds . They were created by Dr. Kit Pedler ( the unofficial scientific advisor to the show ) and story editor Gerry Davis in 1966 , first appearing in the serial The Tenth Planet . They were featured numerous times , up until the show 's cancellation . Following the 2005 revival of the show , the Cybermen returned with a new origin story in a parallel universe , in the 2006 series ' two-parter `` Rise of the Cybermen '' and `` The Age of Steel '' , and have been recurring villains again ever since . A further redesign took place in the 2013 episode `` Nightmare in Silver '' , showing technologically advanced Cybermen , the result of a merge between the Mondasian and Parallel universe Cybermen , depicted as being able to instantly upgrade themselves to fix flaws and weaknesses . The species also appeared in the Doctor Who spin-off Torchwood in its fourth episode , `` Cyberwoman '' ( 2006 ) . Cybermen have also appeared in installments of the 2010 Doctor Who video game series The Adventure Games .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0f7495330da11bc38d4ddb67339cb3d3",
"text": "The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show The Mr. Peabody & Sherman Show is an American animated web television series that is produced by DreamWorks Animation and Jay Ward Productions . The series is based on the 1960s segments , called `` Peabody 's Improbable History '' , that aired as part of The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show , and the 2014 film , Mr. Peabody & Sherman , which was also produced by DreamWorks Animation . The series premiered on October 9 , 2015 , on Netflix . The second season was released on March 18 , 2016 . The third season was released on October 21 , 2016 . The fourth season was released on April 21 , 2017 . The series is digitally hand-drawn , with the Vancouver-based DHX Media providing the animation . Mr. Peabody is voiced by Chris Parnell , while Max Charles reprises his role as Sherman from the film . According to The Animation Guild , I.A.T.S.E. Local 839 , 78 episodes of the television series have been ordered .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "be352d4edf0dee4df37f1be40e732c4c",
"text": "C. Thomas Howell Christopher Thomas Howell ( born December 7 , 1966 ) , known as C. Thomas Howell , is an American actor and director . He starred in the films The Outsiders , as Ponyboy Curtis , and The Hitcher , as Jim Halsey . He also starred in Grandview U.S.A. , Red Dawn as Robert , Secret Admirer as Michael , and Soul Man , and appeared in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial , The Amazing Spider-Man , and Justice League : The Flashpoint Paradox .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0f63e87f9a7339b3134b10ea741f8e3f",
"text": "Draconian (Doctor Who) The Draconians are an extraterrestrial race . They were featured in the British science fiction television series Doctor Who . Their only television appearance to date was in the 1973 serial Frontier in Space . Unlike many `` monster '' races in Doctor Who , the Draconians were articulate and portrayed as having a sophisticated and advanced culture like feudal Japan . In later interviews , Jon Pertwee cited the Draconians as his favourite of all the monsters he had encountered during his time as the Doctor . The Draconian Empire was a vast spacefaring feudal civilisation of reptilian humanoids , centered on the planet Draconia , with a society stratifed along class and gender lines ( for example , females were not permitted to speak in the presence of the Emperor ) that was bound by a strong code of honour . The Draconian Empire dated back to at least the 21st century , when a space plague that afflicted their world was dealt with by the Doctor . For his services , the 15th Emperor made the Doctor a noble of Draconia . The Earth Empire 's first contact with the Draconian Empire was in the year 2520 . The ship sent by the Draconians for the peace mission was a battlecruiser , as befitted a noble of Draconia , although ( as agreed ) its missile banks were empty and it was otherwise unarmed . However , both Draconian and Earth ships were caught in a neutron storm , damaging the Earth ship and destroying the Draconian ship 's communications systems . As a result , the Draconian ship was unable to respond to the Earth ship 's signals . The commander of the Earth ship saw what he perceived to be a battlecruiser bearing down on his crippled vessel and gave the order to attack , destroying the battlecruiser and triggering off a brief but bloody war in which millions of lives were lost . An uneasy peace was negotiated in the end , leading to two decades of cold war and the carving out of a frontier between the two empires . In 2540 , several incidents involving attacks on cargo freighters along their respective borders nearly led to the war turning hot once more , with both sides accusing the other of piracy and violating the frontier . These attacks turned out to be the work of Ogron mercenaries under the orders of the renegade Time Lord known as the Master , who was using a sonic hypnosis device to make the Earth crews see the Ogrons as Draconians and vice versa . The Master had allied himself with the Daleks , who were launching another bid for galactic conquest and hoped to pick up the pieces after a new Earth-Draconia War . The plot was revealed by the Third Doctor , and instead of going to war against each other , the two empires united against the Daleks .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f09fe77eb27d306611331d45fdcb4bc5",
"text": "Cálico Electrónico Cálico Electrónico : La Serie Flash was a series of Flash animations created by Nikodemo Animation in 2004 . Set in ` Electronic City ' , its protagonist is a superhero far from the ` classic ' hero profile : a short , chubby and not-powered Spanish man ( ` aspañol ' as is called in the series ) . He risks his life time and again to save the city , using gadgets picked up at the Electronicaweb store . A chapter usually develops this way : a monster or a criminal attacks the city , Cálico tries to stop it ( always unsuccessfully ) , goes to Electronicaweb , gets a new gadget and saves the day . Some `` bloopers '' are displayed during the credits , at the end of the episode . Although the series displays many humorous events , the episodes include much Spanish foul language , so viewer discretion is advised . Even though Cálico is the main character , many side series have run with it , featuring many characters from the original series . On June 4 , 2009 Nikodemo Animation was shut down completely by its owners due to bankruptcy , which meant the cancellation of all in-progress Cálico Electrónico series ' related content , including , but not limited to Rumbarola and animation series .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "eabc08bcbe4c688ced4d151dcda5f529",
"text": "Disney's CyberStar Disney 's CyberStar was a children 's television programme that aired on The Disney Channel in the UK in 1996 . It showed cartoons such as Disney 's Gargoyles . It had numerous human hosts , as well as two alien characters called Creech and Finder . The show was not successful and only ran for a short time . Mark Heap ( later of Spaced and Green Wing ) starred as ` Billy ' one of the human hosts . It also featured Mancunian stand-up comedian Lewis `` Big Lou '' Jones as the hotel manager . Category : Disney Channel shows Category :1996 British television programme debuts Category :1996 British television programme endings Category :1990 s British television series",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "58a915170d1b6c2a02b6c064cdccd400",
"text": "Inspector Gadget (1983 TV series) Inspector Gadget is a French-Canadian-American animated comic science fiction television series that revolves around the adventures of a clumsy , dim-witted detective named Inspector Gadget -- a human being with various bionic gadgets built into his body . Gadget 's nemesis is Dr. Claw , the leader of an evil organization known as `` M.A.D. '' The series launched the Inspector Gadget franchise . This is the first syndicated cartoon show from DIC Entertainment , as well as the first from the company to be created specifically for US viewers , along with The Littles . It originally ran from 1983 to 1986 and remained in syndication into the late 1990s . It was shown on ABC in Australia from 26 July 1984 to 8 February 1991 . Created by Andy Heyward , Bruno Bianchi , and DiC 's founder Jean Chalopin , the series was a co-production between DiC Entertainment ( at the time named DiC Enterprices ) and the Canadian studio Nelvana , which DiC outsourced the pre-production to . The animation work was outsourced to Asian studios Tokyo Movie Shinsha in Japan and Cuckoo 's Nest Studio in Taiwan . It was the first animated television series to be presented in stereo sound .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "786d9d4aef87737c45107a1522d95592",
"text": "Michael Stark Michael Stark ( born April 6 , 1955 , in New Westminster , British Columbia ) is a Canadian voice actor . He was born Michael Williams and now works under the name of Michael Williams-Stark . He has worked as a voice talent for DIC Entertainment which included The Adventures of Super Mario Bros. 3 , Super Mario World and Hammerman . Other roles included Superboy ( his only live-action role ) , Onimusha : Warlords ( for PlayStation 2 ) , Rupert , Beetlejuice , Little Shop ( the cartoon series based on the film and musical of the same name ) and Noddy ( his last voice role for television in which he voiced several characters such as Mr. Sparks , Mr. Wobbly Man , Sammy Sailor and Mr. Jumbo in the American dubbed version of the British TV series ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7b06dc438fe330418ef5af037496b451",
"text": "Disasterpiece Theatre Disasterpiece Theatre was a comedy television program that aired in the early 1980s on XETV , a station in Tijuana , Mexico owned by Mexican media company Grupo Televisa which broadcasts in English across the border to neighboring San Diego , California . The show 's title is both a play on the long-running PBS anthology program Masterpiece Theatre and a reference to the low-budget , campy science fiction and horror films that were lampooned each week . At the time of Disasterpiece Theatre '' 's run , XETV was an independent station ; today it serves as the San Diego affiliate of The CW network . The premise of the show was simple : show the worst movies ever made and make fun of them . Among the films shown were Shriek of the Mutilated , Monster on Campus , The Thing That Could n't Die , The Mummy 's Hand , Born to Speed , Big Boy Rides Again , First Spaceship on Venus and Curse of the Undead . Comments would be written as subtitles during the movie ; for example , in Track of the Moonbeast a character says , `` I 'm somewhat of an ... ( laughs ) an adventurer , '' and the word `` IDIOT '' appeared on screen during the pause in the middle of the sentence . Sometimes music would be added and , in some cases , redubbing by the writers would occur . On a showing of First Spaceship on Venus , the soundtrack was replaced by the writers ' voices arguing about which television show they are going to watch , similar to the overdubbing idea in What 's Up , Tiger Lily?Jay Curtis hosted the show as Sal U. Lloyd , a play on the word celluloid . Bruce Mueller played `` The Other Guy '' and would often dress up as The Mummy , A Lion Tamer , and the Network Producer . Curtis and Mueller wrote and produced the show . Fred Stern was a constant contributor and served as the show 's musical director . Stern chose popular music that was added to scenes for comic punctuation . As an example , during the film Beginning of the End , giant grasshoppers are attacking Chicago , scientists decide to use the grasshopper mating call to lure the creatures into Lake Michigan but instead of the mating call coming from a boat loudspeaker , the audience hears At the Hop by Danny and the Juniors and the monsters hop in and drown . San Diego radio announcer Gary Cocker appeared on the show many times . Guests included Whoopi Goldberg , Richard Simmons , and J. Michael Straczynski . The show was done so cheaply , the producers would tape over the same reels , thus erasing the previous episode . In the show , Curtis and Mueller 's microphone cords are easily visible , but it is the poor production quality that makes the show more humorous . Sal U. Lloyd was portrayed as a big loser who hates his job . In one episode , he explains his position : `` I 'm sick of television ... I wan na be a rock and roll star . I wan na make some money . '' He is often seen receiving some kind of brain damage after showing a movie . Several times , Lloyd has a run-in with the network producer , George Mucas ( obviously a parody of George Lucas ) , who hates the show . In reality , Curtis had a strong rivalry with the actual network producer of XETV , who eventually cancelled the show . The show became quite successful , generating a loyal following and beating Saturday Night Live in the ratings several times . However , the show was eventually cancelled due to creative control with the station . Although the show is not widely acclaimed , it is mentionable for inspiring a generation of cult television shows that used the same premise , such as Mystery Science Theater 3000 . In 1991 , the Beetlejuice episode `` Moby Richard '' had Lydia staging a television dramatization of `` Moby Dick '' for the Neitherworld program `` Disasterpiece Theatre . '' In 1993 , Animaniacs had an episode of the same title . In 2009 , the creators of Disasterpiece Theatre '' created a YouTube Page posting archival footage of the show .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0db5e98be904d9a2f169d3f5ea8d1c37",
"text": "Christopher McDonald Christopher McDonald is an American actor . He is known for his roles as Darryl Dickinson in Thelma & Louise ( 1991 ) , Shooter McGavin in Happy Gilmore ( 1996 ) , Ward Cleaver in the film adaptation of Leave It to Beaver ( 1997 ) , Kent Mansley in The Iron Giant ( 1999 ) , Tappy Tibbons in Requiem for a Dream ( 2000 ) , and Mel Allen in the HBO film 61 * ( 2001 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c09c1696ef1e8b95b619cc6938128d17",
"text": "Mark Christopher Lawrence Mark Christopher Lawrence ( born May 22 , 1964 ) is an American character actor , stand-up comedian and voice-over artist . He is known for his role as esoteric D.J. , Tone Def , in the 1994 satirical rap mockumentary , Fear of a Black Hat . He has co-starred in popular films such as Terminator 2 : Judgment Day , Tales From the Hood , Planet of the Apes , Lost Treasure and The Pursuit of Happyness . Lawrence is best known for his role as Big Mike on the NBC series Chuck . He has made guest appearances on many television programs , most notably Heroes , My Name Is Earl , Crossing Jordan , Dharma & Greg , Malcolm in the Middle , Touched by an Angel , Malcolm & Eddie , Men Behaving Badly , Seinfeld , Murphy Brown , Good Luck Charlie and Martin . He is also featured on the Radio Series Adventures in Odyssey as `` Ed Washington '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "47304acb20d34e43d39ecf7a18dd13f8",
"text": "List of A Different World characters A Different World is a spin-off from the American television sitcom The Cosby Show . It aired on NBC for six seasons , from 1987 to 1993 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a982da1fd0657a5589db23fa32ab89a2",
"text": "Doctor Who Doctor Who is a British science-fiction television programme produced by the BBC since 1963 . The programme depicts the adventures of a Time Lord called `` The Doctor '' , an extraterrestrial being from the planet Gallifrey . He explores the universe in a time-travelling space ship called the TARDIS . Its exterior appears as a blue British police box , which was a common sight in Britain in 1963 when the series first aired . Accompanied by a number of companions , the Doctor combats a variety of foes , while working to save civilisations and help people in need . The show is a significant part of British popular culture , and elsewhere it has gained a cult following . It has influenced generations of British television professionals , many of whom grew up watching the series . The programme originally ran from 1963 to 1989 . There was an unsuccessful attempt to revive regular production in 1996 with a backdoor pilot , in the form of a television film titled Doctor Who . The programme was relaunched in 2005 , and since then has been produced in-house by BBC Wales in Cardiff . Doctor Who has also spawned numerous spin-offs , including comic books , films , novels , audio dramas , and the television series Torchwood ( 2006 -- 2011 ) , The Sarah Jane Adventures ( 2007 -- 2011 ) , K-9 ( 2009 -- 2010 ) , and Class '' ( 2016-present ) , and has been the subject of many parodies and references in popular culture . Twelve actors have headlined the series as the Doctor . The transition from one actor to another is written into the plot of the show with the concept of regeneration into a new incarnation -- an idea introduced in 1966 to allow the show to continue after the departure of original lead William Hartnell who was becoming very ill at the time . The concept is that this is a Time Lord trait through which the character of the Doctor takes on a new body and personality to recover from a severe injury or anything that would otherwise kill a normal person . Each actor 's portrayal differs , but all represent stages in the life of the same character and form a single narrative . The time-travelling feature of the plot means that different incarnations of the Doctor occasionally meet . The current lead , Peter Capaldi , took on the role after Matt Smith 's exit in the 2013 Christmas special `` The Time of the Doctor '' . In 2017 , Capaldi confirmed he would be leaving at the end of the tenth series , with his final appearance being the 2017 Christmas Special .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2316efc56122a709f5f94a049af04fe0",
"text": "Britain Simons Britain Simons is an American actor known for his appearance on Disney 's Descendants : School of Secrets and the Lifetime original film Online Abduction ( aka Cyber Case ) distributed by MarVista Entertainment . He began doing commercials in 2014 with his first appearance in a spot for Pappa Rollo 's Pizza produced by Time Warner Cable while still attending university . He has continued his professional career in Hollywood , CA by starring in independent films such as Surgey , television appearances on Disney Channel , Lifetime Television and Investigation Discovery , and commercials for Honda and Walmart . Simons made a transition from regional theater to film in 2014 . Simons earned his a B.F.A. in Theatre Studies from Baylor University ( 2014 ) as a Daniels Fund Scholar . In the spring of 2013 , he studied with the National Theater Institute ( NTI ) at the The Eugene O'Neill Theater Center in Waterford , Connecticut . He also appeared in the music video `` 90s by Nature '' by Showtek with over 4.5 million views and the music video for Calum Scott 's hit single `` Dancing on My Own '' with over 41 million views ! In 2015 and 2016 , Britain performed the leading voiceover role of Daichi in the American English language version of Tsuburaya Productions feature film Ultraman X The Movie , the special 50th Ultra Series Anniversary theatrical feature film of Ultraman X.",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
9eafc41b23546f085c6af176aed5758e | Patty Hearst was kidnapped. | [
{
"docid": "d13788fc942eb4dc1c5841e6824329a6",
"text": "Patty Hearst Patricia Campbell `` Patty '' Hearst ( born February 20 , 1954 ) , now known as Patricia Hearst Shaw , is the granddaughter of American publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst . She became nationally known for events following her 1974 kidnapping while she was a 19-year-old student living in Berkeley , California . Hearst was abducted by a left-wing terrorist group known as the Symbionese Liberation Army . After being isolated and threatened with death , she became supportive of their cause , making propaganda announcements for them and taking part in illegal activities . Hearst was found 19 months after her kidnapping , by which time she was a fugitive wanted for serious crimes . She was held in custody , despite speculation that her family 's resources would prevent her spending time in jail . At her trial , the prosecution suggested that she had joined the Symbionese Liberation Army of her own volition , and that sexual activities between her and SLA members had not amounted to rape . She was found guilty of bank robbery . Hearst 's sentence was commuted by President Jimmy Carter , and she was pardoned by President Bill Clinton .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "a36014dc6d7a461aa5ac848c0a74b250",
"text": "William Honan William Holmes Honan ( May 11 , 1930 -- April 28 , 2014 ) was an American journalist and author who directed coverage of the arts at The New York Times as its culture editor in the 1980s . Honan also held senior editorial positions at the New York Times Magazine , Newsweek , Saturday Review and The Villager , a weekly newspaper serving downtown Manhattan . As a reporter , Honan set ( and continues to hold ) the record for the most stories published in the New York Times Magazine ( over 30 ) . Honan also helped solve one of the biggest and longest unsolved art thefts of the 20th century : the disappearance of over $ 200 million worth of medieval treasures from Quedlinburg , Germany at the end of World War II . Honan was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize for his investigative reporting on this story . The quest to find the `` Quedlinburg Hoard '' later became the subject of one of Honan 's numerous critically acclaimed books .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "158ef841ab48acc5d13d80ff34d28ea2",
"text": "Patty (Peanuts) Patty is a fictional character featured in the long-running syndicated daily and Sunday comic strip Peanuts , created by Charles M. Schulz . A former major character that turned into a cameo-girl ( due to her supposedly lacking the distinguishing characteristics of characters like Lucy , Linus , or Sally ) , she is often confused with Peppermint Patty , a different and later character from the same strip . Patty is best known as a girl who thinks highly of herself , and because of her self-opinion , she often torments the hapless Charlie Brown . She often accompanies her best friend Violet and sometimes the abrasive Lucy . The character has appeared in numerous Peanuts television specials , cinematic films , theatrical plays , and video games . Patty 's last name was revealed to be `` Swanson '' in the 2015 film The Peanuts Movie , where her full name appears 10th on the list of test scores .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a45924fa25171617b78b876c1e9232f9",
"text": "Neeraj Khemlani Neeraj Khemlani is president and group head of Hearst Entertainment & Syndication , the operating group responsible for Hearst 's interests in cable television networks , including ESPN and the A+E Networks ( A&E , HISTORY , Lifetime , FYI and its investment in Vice Media ) ; digital video entertainment companies , including co-investments with Verizon in AwesomenessTV and Complex Networks ; television production studios , including NorthSouth Productions ; and comic strip newspaper syndication and merchandise licensing . He serves on the boards of A+E Networks , AwesomenessTV and Complex Networks and is a senior vice president of Hearst . He joined Hearst in 2009 after serving as a senior executive at Yahoo! News since 2006 . Prior to that , Khemlani was a producer at the CBS News 60 Minutes television news magazine , where he is responsible for researching , reporting and writing stories with various CBS News correspondents . Before joining CBS News in 1998 , Mr. Khemlani was an associate producer for ABC News anchorman Peter Jennings and also produced pieces with Robert Krulwich for Nightline as well as Good Morning America . He is a term member of the prestigious Council on Foreign Relations in New York . He graduated with a Master 's degree in Journalism from Columbia University and a 1992 undergraduate degree from Cornell University . He is married to Heather Cabot , an anchor and correspondent for ABC News . Mr. Khemlani is of Indian heritage , born in Singapore and raised in New York . He has reported on the shadowy markets and bazaars of Pakistan 's northwest frontier , a lawless region where CBS News set up a sting operation to buy weapons of mass destruction . He also co-produced a three part series with Dan Rather that revealed what Osama bin Laden 's closest associates , advisors and comrade-in-arms were doing in Afghanistan , Pakistan and the Sudan the summer before September 11 . He has been responsible for landing many exclusive interviews and stories around the world . A few years ago , he convinced Libya 's leader , Col. Qaddafi , to do a comprehensive interview with Charlie Rose . Mr. Khemlani also convinced the Russian government to show CBS News some of its most private nuclear facilities , including a secret city built inside a mountain in Krasnoyarsk , Siberia . It is there where the Russians explained to CBS News that they could no longer pay the salaries of the starving scientists and soldiers who live there and guard the site 's growing stockpile of plutonium . He has also done stories on numerous conflicts , including the Afghan war , the Sudanese civil war , America 's secret war against the Cali and Medellin drug cartels , the Bosnian tragedy and the invasion of Haiti . Mr. Khemlani has also profiled numerous scientific inventors like Dean Kamen and his Segway human transporter , musicians like Jay-Z and the Grateful Dead , actresses like Bollywood star Aishwarya Rai and businessmen like Russell Simmons and Rick Wagoner , the chairman of General Motors , who unveiled his hydrogen car on the program . He was nominated for a news Emmy Award for his 60 Minutes story on the Dinner Set Gang , the best jewel thief team in America .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a49a0408b4c8cf9ce146f645c1ccb41a",
"text": "Reader's Digest Press Reader 's Digest Press was a United States publisher of the mid-1970s to early 1980s , owned by The Reader 's Digest Association . It published full-length , original non-fiction books , often concerning military or political topics . ( It thus differed from the better-known Reader 's Digest Condensed Books . ) Its works were sometimes distributed by Thomas Y. Crowell Co. . Books published by Reader 's Digest Press include Secrets & Spies : Behind the Scenes Stories of World War II in 1964 . Covering the war from the Pearl Harbor attack of December 7 , 1941 , to Japan 's surrender on August 15 , 1945 , this collection of espionage accounts and anecdotes included pieces by Walter Lord , Edwin Muller , Gordon W. Prange and others , and illustrations by Paul Calle and Guy Deel . Individual stories include `` The Hunt for a Spy '' and `` Hitler 's Undercover Invasion '' , accounts of German attempts at espionage inside the United States ; `` Jungle of Hidden Friends , '' a narrative of OSS agents who coalesced native Burmese warriors against Japanese forces in Burma ; and `` The Great Ambush '' , the story of the behind-the-lines battle for Italy 's freedom from Nazi dominion . Other topics explored include Great Britain 's secret transportation of its gold reserves to Canada in the threat of a German invasion ; narrow escapes , such as the Great Escape from a German POW camp ; and the repair of a crashed fighter plane by a company of Philippines-marooned American airmen for one final mission against Japan .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5bfa637d6b67157f0ae3a69fd09f1e5a",
"text": "Katharine the Great Katharine the Great : Katharine Graham and The Washington Post is an unauthorized biography of Katharine Graham , the newspaper owner , authored by Deborah Davis , and initially released in 1979 . The book was first published by Harcourt Brace Jovanovich ( HBJ ) , but they withdrew the book from circulation after a few weeks and returned the rights to Davis after citing that `` certain facts and circumstances have arisen since publication . '' Davis sued HBJ for $ 6 million in 1982 for breach of contract , alleging the recall came after a letter from the Washington Post 's executive editor , Benjamin C. Bradlee to the publisher ; Bradlee called the publication of the book `` completely irresponsible '' and then listed 39 errors where his name appeared . The suit was settled out of court for $ 100,000 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0f93698d618623a4cc40a291028638fc",
"text": "Rock Lawn and Carriage House Rock Lawn is a historic house in Garrison , New York , United States . It was built in the mid-19th century from a design by architect Richard Upjohn . In 1982 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places along with its carriage house , designed by Stanford White and built around 1880 . It is Upjohn 's only house in the Italian villa style in the Hudson Highlands . Hamilton Fish II , a longtime member of the State Assembly and Putnam County 's Republican Party chairman and de facto political boss , owned the house and lived there during the late 19th century ; during that time sympathetic additions were made to the house by an unidentified architect . More recently it has been the home of Patty Hearst and her late husband Bernard Shaw . In the early 21st century it was renovated and remodeled .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3c318577c423d541a5ac106cc6f7acfa",
"text": "Elizabeth Banks (journalist) Elizabeth Brister Banks ( May 2 , 1872 -- July 18 , 1938 ) was an American journalist and author . Although she never renounced her American citizenship , she remained in England throughout the last forty years of her life . Elizabeth was born in Trenton , New Jersey , the daughter of John Banks and Sarah Ann Brister . As a young child , she was raised by her aunt Elizabeth Brister and uncle Joseph Peck on `` the experimental farm '' north of Madison near Deansville , Wisconsin . She attended Milwaukee Downer Female Seminary College in Milwaukee when it was still located at Fox Lake , Wisconsin . She became a typewriter girl in a grocery store , then worked society pages in Baltimore and Saint Paul , Minnesota . She worked as secretary at the American Counsulate in Peru , later becoming a stunt journalist when other women writers were relegated to society and fashion pages . In London , she became a regular contributor to publications such as The Daily News , Punch , St James ' Gazette , London Illustrated , and Referee . She created a sensation in London by recording her observations on the plight of the lower classes , which she researched posing as a housemaid , street sweeper , and Covent Garden flower girl . Her journalistic writing under several pen names including pseudonyms of Mary Mortimer Maxwell and Enid , unceasingly promoted women 's right to vote and denounced prison conditions for jailed suffragettes . Elizabeth lived in London at 17 Downing Street , close to the Prime Minister 's residence . Her neighbors and friends included George Bernard Shaw , John Galsworthy , Thomas Hardy , H. G. Wells and suffragette Henrietta Marston . She made major contributions to British Intelligence in developing strategies to help protect London from German aerial attacks and developing propaganda schemes that helped draw the United States into the first world war . According to Who 's Who in America ( volume 20 , 1938 ) `` in 1914 she founded the Authors ' Belgian Fund and Dirk 's fund for the Allies . She originated and also wrote a series of controversial essays entitled `` The Lady at the Round Table '' . She made a trip back to the United States and became the author of an autobiographical work , The Remaking of an American . She also wrote `` Campaigns of Curiosity '' and `` Newspaper Girl '' . Careful to protect her sources in both her letters and written works , the bulk of her personal papers were destroyed upon her death . She died on Jul 18 , 1938 of arteriosclerosis and then was cremated with her ashes deposited at Golders Green Crematorium . The first in London ref : Elizabeth 's name may be found on the Mabel Spink plaque .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c54ca935c220323e07501c78a76f6a80",
"text": "Marion Davies Marion Cecilia Davies ( née Douras January 3 , 1897 -- September 22 , 1961 ) was an American film actress , producer , screenwriter , and philanthropist . Davies was already building a solid reputation as a film comedian when newspaper tycoon William Randolph Hearst , with whom she had begun a romantic relationship , took over management of her career . Hearst financed Davies ' pictures , promoted her heavily through his newspapers and Hearst Newsreels , and pressured studios to cast her in historical dramas for which she was ill-suited . For this reason , Davies is better remembered today as Hearst 's mistress and the hostess of many lavish events for the Hollywood elite . In particular , her name is linked with the 1924 scandal aboard Hearst 's yacht when one of his guests , film producer Thomas Ince , died . In the film Citizen Kane ( 1941 ) , the title character 's second wife -- an untalented singer whom he tries to promote -- was widely assumed to be based on Davies . But many commentators , including Citizen Kane writer/director Orson Welles himself , have defended Davies ' record as a gifted actress , to whom Hearst 's patronage did more harm than good . She retired from the screen in 1937 , choosing to devote herself to Hearst and charitable work . In Hearst 's declining years , Davies provided financial as well as emotional support until his death in 1951 . She married for the first time eleven weeks after his death , a marriage which lasted until Davies died of stomach cancer in 1961 at the age of 64 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c636692447584ecef11db8a08fe6b945",
"text": "Alien abduction The terms alien abduction or abduction phenomenon describe `` subjectively real memories of being taken secretly against one 's will by apparently nonhuman entities and subjected to complex physical and psychological procedures '' . Such abductions have sometimes been classified as close encounters of the fourth kind . People claiming to have been abducted are usually called `` abductees '' or `` experiencers '' . Due to a lack of objective physical evidence , most scientists and mental health professionals dismiss the phenomenon as `` deception , suggestibility ( fantasy-proneness , hypnotizability , false memory syndrome ) , personality , sleep paralysis , psychopathology , psychodynamics -LSB- and -RSB- environmental factors '' . Skeptic Robert Sheaffer sees similarity between the aliens depicted in science fiction films , in particular , Invaders From Mars , and some of those reported to have actually abducted people . Typical claims involve being subjected to forced medical examinations that emphasize abductee reproductive systems . Abductees sometimes claim to have been warned against environmental abuse and the dangers of nuclear weapons . While many of these claimed encounters are described as terrifying , some have been viewed as pleasurable or transformative . The first alleged alien abduction claim to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961 . Reports of the abduction phenomenon have been made around the world , but are most common in English speaking countries , especially the United States . The contents of the abduction narrative often seem to vary with the home culture of the alleged abductee . Alien abductions have been the subject of conspiracy theories and science fiction storylines ( notably The X-Files ) that have speculated on stealth technology required if the phenomenon were real , the motivations for secrecy , and that alien implants could be a possible form of physical evidence .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4500eaf681f877ca0a99d47d907e1bdb",
"text": "Mohawk Valley formula The Mohawk Valley formula is a plan for strikebreaking purportedly written by the president of the Remington Rand company James Rand , Jr. around the time of the Remington Rand strike at Ilion , New York in 1936/37 . The plan includes discrediting union leaders , frightening the public with the threat of violence , using local police and vigilantes to intimidate strikers , forming puppet associations of `` loyal employees '' to influence public debate , fortifying workplaces , employing large numbers of replacement workers , and threatening to close the plant if work is not resumed . The authenticity of the written plan has never been clearly established . Although it was allegedly published in the National Association of Manufacturers Labor Relations Bulletin , no original copy has been found , nor does NAM list it among its pamphlets from that era . Parts of the plan use language sympathetic to the views of labor organizers . The Remington Rand company did indeed ruthlessly suppress the strikes , as documented in a ruling by the National Labor Relations Board , and the plan has been accepted as a guide to the methods that were used . At least one source names the strikebreaker Pearl Bergoff and his so-called `` Bergoff Technique '' as the origin of the formula . Rand and Bergoff were both indicted by the same federal grand jury for their roles in the Remington Rand strike . Noam Chomsky has described the formula as the result of business owners ' trend away from violent strikebreaking to a `` scientific '' approach based on propaganda . An essential feature of this approach is the identification of the management 's interests with `` Americanism , '' while labor activism is portrayed as the work of un-American outsiders . Workers are thus persuaded to turn against the activists and toward management to demonstrate their patriotism .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "888ded291502de519ed817d3af2dc90e",
"text": "Marti Hearst Marti Hearst is a professor in the School of Information at the University of California , Berkeley . She did early work in corpus-based computational linguistics , including some of the first work in automating sentiment analysis , and word sense disambiguation . Word-sense disambiguation She invented an algorithm that became known as `` Hearst patterns '' which applies lexico-syntactic patterns to recognize hyponymy ( ISA ) relations with high accuracy in large text collections , including an early application of it to WordNet ; this algorithm is widely used in commercial text mining applications including ontology learning . Hearst also developed early work in automatic segmentation of text into topical discourse boundaries , inventing a now well-known approach called TextTiling . Hearst research is on user interfaces for search engine technology and big data analytics . She did early work in user interfaces and information visualization for search user interfaces , inventing the TileBars query term visualization . Her Flamenco research project investigated and developed the now widely used faceted navigation approach for searching and browsing web sites and information collections . She wrote the first academic book on the topic of Search User Interfaces ( Cambridge University Press , 2009 ) . Hearst is an Edge Foundation contributing author and a member of the Usage panel of the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language . Hearst received her B.A. , M.S. , and Ph.D. in Computer Science , all from U.C. . In 2013 she became a fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d5acbb08557d84f4dff22e9fa8477fcd",
"text": "National Digital Newspaper Program The National Digital Newspaper Program is a joint project between the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Library of Congress to create and maintain a publicly available , online digital archive of historically significant newspapers published in the United States between 1836 and 1922 . Additionally , the program will make available bibliographic records and holdings information for some 140,000 newspaper titles from the 17th century to the present . Further , it will include scope notes and encyclopedia-style entries discussing the historical significance of specific newspapers . Added content will also include contextually relevant historical information . `` One organization within each U.S. state or territory will receive an award to collaborate with relevant state partners in this effort . '' In March 2007 more than 226,000 pages of newspapers from California , Florida , Kentucky , New York , Utah , Virginia and the District of Columbia published between 1900 and 1910 were put online at a fully searchable site called `` Chronicling America . '' As of December 2007 , the total number of pages is about 413,000 . This further expanded to be 1 million pages in 2009 . Funding through the National Endowment for the Humanities is carried out through their `` We The People '' initiative .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "11da7b6ecfe4d6361144611dea632226",
"text": "Philip Morris Playhouse Philip Morris Playhouse is a 30-minute old-time radio dramatic anthology series . The program '' -LSB- g -RSB- enerally ... featured straight and crime drama , '' radio historian John Dunning wrote . He noted that one of the directors was William Spier , who `` had directed Suspense in its salad days and brought to The Philip Morris Playhouse the same slick production '' that was used in Suspense . Philip Morris Playhouse was broadcast on CBS June 30 , 1939 -- February 18 , 1944 , then returned to the air ( again on CBS ) November 5 , 1948 -- July 29 , 1949 . The 1948 edition replaced a giveaway show , Everybody Wins . Its third and final incarnation on radio was a bit more complicated , as explained on The Digital Deli Too website : The emerging popularity of between three and five other popular playhouse formats of the early 1950s persuaded Philip Morris to resurrect its Philip Morris Playhouse a third time as Phillip Morris Playhouse On Broadway , beginning with its initial CBS run on March 15 , 1951 . Emphasizing Broadway productions , the subsequent series ran over CBS for twenty-six installments , only to jump to NBC on September 11 , 1951 . The series ran on NBC for the remainder of 1951 , jumping back to CBS on January 13 , 1952 . CBS aired the remainder of the canon through September 2 , 1953 . In 1951 , a trade publication reported that the program 's annual budget was $ 1 million .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8b8f20bf7e159bd3b888ce2841f199c5",
"text": "Lindbergh kidnapping On March 1 , 1932 , Charles Augustus Lindbergh Jr. , 20-month old son of aviator Charles Lindbergh and Anne Morrow Lindbergh , was abducted from his home in Highfields , New Jersey . On May 12 , his body was discovered nearby . In September 1934 , Richard Hauptmann was arrested and , after a trial lasting from January 2 to February 13 , 1935 , found guilty of first degree murder and sentenced to death . He was executed by electric chair at the New Jersey State Prison on April 3 , 1936 . He protested his innocence to the end . Newspaper writer H. L. Mencken called the kidnapping and trial `` the biggest story since the Resurrection . '' Legal scholars have referred to the trial as one of the `` trials of the century '' . The crime spurred Congress to pass the Federal Kidnapping Act , commonly called the `` Lindbergh Law , '' which made transporting a kidnapping victim across state lines a federal crime .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "573d9b24e8cb9d8347ef5de04bef6cac",
"text": "Richard Nixon Foundation The Richard Nixon Foundation is a not-for-profit organization based at the Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum in Yorba Linda , California . It was founded in the late 1980s by Richard Nixon , 37th President of the United States , and served as the governing body of the Nixon Library for nearly twenty years . Today it operates the Nixon Library in conjunction with the National Archives and Records Administration , which is an entity of the federal government of the United States , in addition to undertaking charitable and education-based activities . The Nixon Foundation founded , controlled and operated the Nixon Library from the library 's dedication on July 19 , 1990 until July 11 , 2007 , at which the Foundation invited the National Archives to take control . The two entities signed a joint operating agreement which allowed the library to become officially known as the Richard Nixon Presidential Library , welcoming it into the national system of presidential libraries . This move allowed President Nixon 's White House documents to be moved to his library in Yorba Linda . The Nixon Foundation is governed by a Board of Directors , led by former Nixon White House Director of Presidential Advance Ronald H. Walker . The board includes President Nixon 's daughters Tricia Nixon Cox and Julie Nixon Eisenhower , his brother Edward Nixon , former Ambassador George Argyros former California Governor Pete Wilson , and longest-serving Vietnam War POW Everett Alvarez , Jr. . The Foundation 's President and CEO is William Baribault . The Foundation has hosted United States presidents , first ladies and several vice presidents . Also hosted have been public affairs commentators such as Bill O'Reilly , academics such as Doris Kearns Goodwin , and Supreme Court Justice Stephen Breyer . The library includes `` Meet the Presidents , '' in which presidential impersonators speak to several hundred school-aged children . To commemorate the 10th anniversary of the September 11 , 2001 attacks , the Nixon Foundation brought 16 tons of warped steel from the World Trade Center and a damaged , first-responder FDNY firetruck to the Nixon Library for viewing . Before the National Archives took over its management , the Nixon Library had been accused by several media outlets of glossing over Nixon 's 1974 resignation with `` whitewashed '' exhibits . In 2007 , the National Archives removed the 17 year old Watergate exhibit and , after three years , the new exhibit was scheduled to open in July 2010 . The Nixon Foundation objected to the proposed exhibit , because the Nixon Foundation was not consulted in the way that other presidential foundations had been consulted with similar situations . The Foundation filed a 158 page memorandum to the Assistant Archivist for Presidential Libraries expressing their dissatisfaction and NARA stated a committee would review the objection but gave no timeline for when that process would be concluded . The exhibit opened on March 31 , 2011 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d3aa0fb134a773311eeeb7acb8f9366f",
"text": "Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act The Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act ( `` UCAPA '' ) is a Uniform Act drafted by the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws and submitted for enactment by jurisdictions within the United States in 2006 . This uniform law originated by the parents of internationally abducted children , and parents fearing their children would be abducted . In 2006 , NCCUSL promulgated the Uniform Child Abduction Prevention Act . The act provides States with a valuable tool for deterring both domestic and international child abductions by parents and any persons acting on behalf of the parents . Recognizing that most States have already developed substantial bodies of law regarding child custody determinations and enforcement , including specifically the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act ( UCCJEA ) , the NCCUSL drafted UCAPA to be compatible with and to augment existing state law . Under UCAPA , an action for abduction prevention measures may be brought either by a court on its own motion , by a party to a child-custody determination or an individual with a right to seek such a determination , or by a prosecutor or public attorney . The party seeking the abduction prevention measures must file a petition with the court specifying the risk factors for abduction as well as other biographical information including the name , age and gender of the child , the current address of the child and the person against whom the measures are sought , a statement regarding any prior actions related to abduction or domestic violence , a statement addressing any prior arrests for domestic violence or child abuse by either party , and finally any additional information required by existing State child custody law including the UCCJEA . UCAPA sets out a wide variety of factors that should be considered in determining whether there is a credible risk that a child will be abducted . These factors include overt signs such as previous abductions , attempts to abduct the child , or threats of abduction , as well as signs of general abuse including domestic violence , negligence , or refusal to obey a child-custody determination . The act also includes a wide range of activities that may indicate a planned abduction including abandoning employment , liquidating assets , obtaining travel documents or travel tickets , or requesting the child 's school or medical records . The act also addresses the special problems involved with international child abduction by including several risk factors specifically related to international abduction . In particular , the act requires courts to consider whether the party in question is likely to take a child to a country that is n't a party to the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction , or to a country that places the child at risk , has laws that would restrict access to the child , that is on the current list of state sponsors of terrorism , or is engaged in an active military action or war . In addition , a court will consider issues related to citizenship such as a recent change in citizenship status or a denial of United States Citizenship . If a court determines that a credible risk exists that the child will be abducted , it may then enter an order containing provisions and measures meant to prevent abduction . The act lists a number of specific measures that a court may order . These include imposing travel restrictions , prohibiting the individual from removing the child from the State or other set geographic area , placing the child 's name in the United States Department of State 's Child Passport Issuance Alert Program , or requiring the individual to obtain an order from a foreign country containing identical terms to the child-custody determination . An abduction prevention order is effective until the earliest of the order 's expiration , the child 's emancipation , the child 's 18th birthday , or until the order is modified , revoked , or vacated . If abduction appears imminent , a court may issue a warrant to take physical custody of the child , direct law enforcement officers to take steps to locate and return the child , or exercise other appropriate powers under existing state laws . A warrant to take physical custody is enforceable in the enacting state even if issued by different state . The court may authorize law enforcement officers to enter private property , or even to make a forcible entry at any hour , if the circumstances so warrant . Nevertheless , the person on whom the warrant is being executed must be served with the warrant when or immediately after the child is taken into custody and the person must be afforded a hearing no later than the next judicial day or the next possible judicial day if the next day is impossible . Up to date legislative activity on UCAPA can be found here .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3ed5fd70b1c144cd2777ee98900540db",
"text": "Forced confession A forced confession is a confession obtained by a suspect or a prisoner under means of torture ( including enhanced interrogation techniques ) or other forms of duress . Depending on the level of coercion used , a forced confession is not valid in revealing the truth . The person being interrogated may agree to the story presented to him or even make up falsehoods himself in order to satisfy the interrogator and discontinue his suffering . For centuries the Latin phrase `` Confessio est regina probationum '' ( In English : Confession is the Queen of evidence ) justified the use of forced confession in the European legal system . When especially during the Middle Ages acquiring a confession was the most important thing during preparations before a trial , than the method used to get the confession seemed irrelevant , de facto sanctioning the use of torture to extract forced confession . By the late 18th century , most scholars and lawyers thought of the forced confession not only as a relic of past times and morally wrong but also ineffective as the victim of torture may confess to anything just to ease his suffering . Developments in the 20th century , notably the Universal Declaration of Human Rights , greatly reduced the legal acceptance of forced confessions . However , for most of legal history they have been accepted in most of the world , and are still accepted in some jurisdictions .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7fbd69d012bbf3037a8aa3dfb36881f8",
"text": "Patricia McKissack Patricia L'Ann Carwell `` Pat '' McKissack ( August 9 , 1944 -- April 7 , 2017 ) was an American children 's writer . She was the author of three Dear America books : A Picture of Freedom : The Diary of Clotee , a Slave Girl , Color Me Dark : The Diary of Nellie Lee Love , The Great Migration North , and Look to the Hills : The Diary of Lozette Moreau , a French Slave Girl . She has also written a novel for The Royal Diaries series : Nzingha : Warrior Queen of Matamba . Patricia lived in St. Louis . Her husband , Fredrick McKissack , with whom she co-won the Regina Medal in 1998 , died in April 2013 at the age of 73 ; before marrying her and joining her in writing full-time , he had an accomplished career as a U.S. Marine , a civil engineer for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers , and had owned a contracting business in the St. Louis area . Patricia McKissack was also a board member of the National Children 's Book and Literacy Alliance , a national not-for-profit that actively advocates for literacy , literature , and libraries . She was known also as L'Ann Carwell , Pat McKissack and Patricia C. McKissack .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e545d5455b3584862c9b3fbb86451ec7",
"text": "George Randolph Hearst Jr. George Randolph Hearst Jr. ( July 13 , 1927 -- June 25 , 2012 ) was chairman of the board of the Hearst Corporation from 1996 through to his death in 2012 , succeeding his uncle Randolph Apperson Hearst . He was a director at the company for over forty years . Non-family executives are a majority on the trust that controls the corporation , and this trust will not dissolve until all grandchildren alive at the death of William Randolph Hearst have died . George Jr. was one of the oldest grandchildren . However , there are five family seats among the 13 trustees , and George represented his branch of the family .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0834e160c28088dfd9ab7a3acabb22f7",
"text": "Symbionese Liberation Army The United Federated Forces of the Symbionese Liberation Army ( SLA ) was an American self-styled left-wing revolutionary organization active between 1973 and 1975 that considered itself a vanguard army . The group committed bank robberies , two murders , and other acts of violence . The SLA became internationally notorious for the kidnapping of heiress Patty Hearst , abducting the 19-year-old from Berkeley , California . Interest increased when Hearst , in audiotaped messages delivered to ( and broadcast by ) regional news media , announced that she had joined the SLA . Hearst later said that members of the terrorist group threatened to kill her , held her in close confinement , and sexually assaulted and brainwashed her .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
b911399d3cd9d3ffcf2c94db45bdaed8 | Few copies of Archimedes' written work survived through the Middle Ages. | [
{
"docid": "a3635d4698a8611d8208d3773b6f6d57",
"text": "Archimedes ) | death_place = Syracuse , SicilyMagna Graecia | field = | known_for = -RCB- -RCB- Archimedes of Syracuse ( -LSB- ˌɑːkɪˈmiːdiːz -RSB- Ἀρχιμήδης ) was a Greek mathematician , physicist , engineer , inventor , and astronomer . Although few details of his life are known , he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity . Generally considered the greatest mathematician of antiquity and one of the greatest of all time , Archimedes anticipated modern calculus and analysis by applying concepts of infinitesimals and the method of exhaustion to derive and rigorously prove a range of geometrical theorems , including the area of a circle , the surface area and volume of a sphere , and the area under a parabola . Other mathematical achievements include deriving an accurate approximation of pi , defining and investigating the spiral bearing his name , and creating a system using exponentiation for expressing very large numbers . He was also one of the first to apply mathematics to physical phenomena , founding hydrostatics and statics , including an explanation of the principle of the lever . He is credited with designing innovative machines , such as his screw pump , compound pulleys , and defensive war machines to protect his native Syracuse from invasion . Archimedes died during the Siege of Syracuse when he was killed by a Roman soldier despite orders that he should not be harmed . Cicero describes visiting the tomb of Archimedes , which was surmounted by a sphere and a cylinder , which Archimedes had requested to be placed on his tomb , representing his mathematical discoveries . Unlike his inventions , the mathematical writings of Archimedes were little known in antiquity . Mathematicians from Alexandria read and quoted him , but the first comprehensive compilation was not made until by Isidore of Miletus in Byzantine Constantinople , while commentaries on the works of Archimedes written by Eutocius in the sixth century AD opened them to wider readership for the first time . The relatively few copies of Archimedes ' written work that survived through the Middle Ages were an influential source of ideas for scientists during the Renaissance , while the discovery in 1906 of previously unknown works by Archimedes in the Archimedes Palimpsest has provided new insights into how he obtained mathematical results .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "083cc24b5bf843a563dabdccb54d9d20",
"text": "Epigenes of Byzantium Epigenes of Byzantium ( Έπιγένης unknown-circa 200 BC ) was a Greek astrologer . He seems to have been a strong supporter of astrology , which , though derided by many Greek intellectuals , had been accepted and adopted by many Greeks from the seventh century BC through commercial contact with the Chaldeans of Babylonia . It is unclear when Epigenes lived - he may have lived about the time of Augustus ; some conjecture that he lived centuries earlier - but he is known to have refined the study of his chosen field , defining Saturn , for example , as `` cold and windy . '' Along with Apollonius of Myndus and Artemidorus of Parium , he boasted of having been instructed by the Chaldean priest-astrologers , many of whom infiltrated Greece when the ports of Egypt opened to Greek ships after 640 BC . Epigenes ' claims to have been educated by the Chaldeans comes from the writings of Seneca . Pliny the Elder writes that Epigenes attests to the fact that the Chaldeans preserved astral observations in inscriptions upon brick tiles ( coctilibus laterculis ) extending to a period of 720 years . Pliny calls Epigenes a writer of first-rate authority ( gravis auctor imprimis ) . The 55-km lunar crater Epigenes is named after him .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "67767dc40db4a8d1ad6dacbc0a7a8293",
"text": "Encyclopedia An encyclopedia or encyclopaedia is a reference work or compendium providing a comprehensive summary of information from either all branches of knowledge or from a particular field or discipline . Encyclopedias are divided into articles or entries that are often arranged alphabetically by article name and sometimes by thematic categories . Encyclopedia entries are longer and more detailed than those in most dictionaries . Generally speaking , unlike dictionary entries which focus on linguistic information about words , such as their meaning , pronunciation , use , and grammatical forms , encyclopedia articles focus on factual information concerning the subject named in the article 's title . Encyclopedias have existed for around 2,000 years and have evolved considerably since that time as to language ( written in a major international or a vernacular language ) , size ( few or many volumes ) , intent ( presentation of a global or a limited range of knowledge ) , cultural perceptions ( authoritative , ideological , didactic , utilitarian ) , authorship ( qualifications , style ) , readership ( education level , background , interests , capabilities ) , and the technologies available for their production and distribution ( hand-written manuscripts , small or large print runs , internet production ) . As a valued source of reliable information compiled by experts , printed versions found a prominent place in libraries , schools and other educational institutions . The appearance of digital and open-source versions in the 20th century has vastly expanded the accessibility , authorship , readership , and variety of encyclopedia entries and called into question the idea of what an encyclopedia is and the relevance of applying to such dynamic productions the traditional criteria for assembling and evaluating print encyclopedias .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b032635aed3dcef18d5f772a662ae46a",
"text": "Laurentius Corvinus Laurentius Corvinus ( Laurentius Rabe Wawrzyniec Korwin 1465 -- 1527 ) was a Silesian scholar who lectured as an `` extraordinary '' ( i.e. untenured ) professor at the University of Krakow when Nicolaus Copernicus began to study there . He also attracted a reputation as one of the finest Silesian poets of the early Renaissance and as an important agent for cultural and religious change in his adopted home of Breslau ( now Wrocław ) . Laurentius Corvinus was born as Laurentius Rabe in Neumarkt ( now Środa Śląska ) in Lower Silesia , about 30 km east of Legnica west of Vrotzuav , son of Barthel Rabe , a furrier and member of the local council . As a student at Kraków , he Latinized his name , possibly under the influence of Conrad Celtis , and became known as Corvinus ( a Latin translation of his German name Rabe , or raven ) . After receiving his M.A. at the University of Kraków , Corvinus lectured on `` De ente et essentia '' ( 1492 ) and Aristotle 's Libri Posteriorum ( 1493 ) ; the young Nicolaus Copernicus was probably one of his students during this time . Corvinus later helped to publish Copernicus ' Latin translation of the Letters of the Byzantine Greek poet Theophylactus Simocatta by sending Copernicus 's translation to the printer Johann Haller in Kraków to be published in 1509 . He also supplied the printed edition of Copernicus ' translation with two poems , one of which describes the journey of Corvinus and his wife Anna back to Breslau , and also makes reference to Copernicus ' interest in astronomy . It is not entirely clear whether or not Corvinus ' poem actually refers to Copernicus ' heliostatic theory , but in any case it is important as a very early witness for Copernicus ' involvement in astronomical speculation . Corvinus was also close friend to another Silesian , Johannes Sommerfeld , who also taught at Kraków while Copernicus was there . He was influenced by Conrad Celtis and Copernicus befriended the group of humanists . As a student and later magister at the University of Krakow he was acquainted with astronomy ; as magister he lectured at the faculty for several years , including the first years of Copernicus ' studies in Kraków . After leaving Kraków , Corvinus worked as school rector and then city secretary ( Stadtschreiber ) at Schweidnitz ' ( now Świdnica ) ( 1494 -- 1497 ) . He then moved to Breslau to work as rector of St Elisabeth 's school ( 1497 -- 1503 ) and then as one of the senior city secretaries ( 1503 -- 1506 ) , before moving to a position as city secretary of Toruń ( 1506 -- 1508 ) . He and his wife then moved back to Breslau in 1508 , where he resumed his position as senior city secretary ; they remained in Breslau , living in a house near the Siebenradmühle ( near the present site of the university library ) , for the rest of their lives . Corvinus published humanistic writings and poems , many of them religious and philosophical in nature . He was greatly influenced by the Franciscan spirituality of St Bonaventure and the Neoplatonism of Marsilio Ficino . In the spirit of Italian and German humanists he described his adopted home of Breslau in terms borrowed from classical mythology as the new home of the Muses . He was also involved in the introduction of the Lutheran Reformation to Breslau , and personally took part in Johann Heß 's disputation in 1524 , where he declaimed a poem celebrating Martin Luther as a hero of religion . He was also involved in an epistolary exchange on religious matters with Stanisław Byliński , canon at Przemyśl , published by Byliński in 1531 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "97110922d6e385c1c5fc5a03650b67de",
"text": "Old master print An old master print is a work of art produced by a printing process within the Western tradition . The term remains current in the art trade , and there is no easy alternative in English to distinguish the works of `` fine art '' produced in printmaking from the vast range of decorative , utilitarian and popular prints that grew rapidly alongside the artistic print from the 15th century onwards . Fifteenth-century prints are sufficiently rare that they are classed as old master prints even if they are of crude or merely workmanlike artistic quality . A date of about 1830 is usually taken as marking the end of the period whose prints are covered by this term . The main techniques used , in order of their introduction , are woodcut , engraving , etching , mezzotint and aquatint , although there are others . Different techniques are often combined in a single print . With rare exceptions printed on textiles , such as silk , or on vellum , old master prints are printed on paper . This article is concerned with the artistic , historical and social aspects of the subject ; the article on printmaking summarizes the techniques used in making old master prints , from a modern perspective . Many great European artists , such as Albrecht Dürer , Rembrandt , and Francisco Goya , were dedicated printmakers . In their own day , their international reputations largely came from their prints , which were spread far more widely than their paintings . Influences between artists were also mainly transmitted beyond a single city by prints ( and sometimes drawings ) , for the same reason . Prints therefore are frequently brought up in detailed analyses of individual paintings in art history . Today , thanks to colour photo reproductions , and public galleries , their paintings are much better known , whilst their prints are only rarely exhibited , for conservation reasons . But some museum print rooms allow visitors to see their collection , sometimes only by appointment .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6d052265c5261b9731342cddf3531bf0",
"text": "Greek language Greek ( Modern Greek : ελληνικά -LSB- eliniˈka -RSB- , elliniká , `` Greek '' , ελληνική γλώσσα -LSB- eliniˈci ˈɣlosa -RSB- , ellinikí glóssa , `` Greek language '' ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages , native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean . It has the longest documented history of any living language , spanning 34 centuries of written records . Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the major part of its history ; other systems , such as Linear B and the Cypriot syllabary , were used previously . The alphabet arose from the Phoenician script and was in turn the basis of the Latin , Cyrillic , Armenian , Coptic , Gothic and many other writing systems . The Greek language holds an important place in the history of the Western world and Christianity ; the canon of ancient Greek literature includes seminal works in the Western canon such as the epic poems Iliad and Odyssey . Greek is also the language in which many of the foundational texts in science , especially astronomy , mathematics and logic , and Western philosophy , such as the Platonic dialogues and the works of Aristotle , are composed ; the New Testament of the Christian Bible was written in Koiné Greek . Together with the Latin texts and traditions of the Roman world , the study of the Greek texts and society of antiquity constitutes the discipline of Classics . During antiquity , Greek was a widely spoken lingua franca in the Mediterranean world and many places beyond . It would eventually become the official parlance of the Byzantine Empire and develop into Medieval Greek . In its modern form , the Greek language is the official language in two countries , Greece and Cyprus , a recognised minority language in seven other countries , and is one of the 24 official languages of the European Union . The language is spoken by at least 13.2 million people today in Greece , Cyprus , Italy , Albania , Turkey , and the Greek diaspora . Greek roots are often used to coin new words for other languages ; Greek and Latin are the predominant sources of international scientific vocabulary .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e5ffc3786c844fc08f4114abf3fe31d5",
"text": "Euclid Euclid ( -LSB- ˈjuːklᵻd -RSB- Εὐκλείδης , Eukleidēs -LSB- eu̯.klěː.dɛːs -RSB- ; fl . 300 BCE ) , sometimes called Euclid of Alexandria to distinguish him from Euclides of Megara , was a Greek mathematician , often referred to as the `` father of geometry '' . He was active in Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy I ( 323 -- 283 BCE ) . His Elements is one of the most influential works in the history of mathematics , serving as the main textbook for teaching mathematics ( especially geometry ) from the time of its publication until the late 19th or early 20th century . In the Elements , Euclid deduced the principles of what is now called Euclidean geometry from a small set of axioms . Euclid also wrote works on perspective , conic sections , spherical geometry , number theory , and rigor . Euclid is the anglicized version of the Greek name Εὐκλείδης , which means `` renowned , glorious '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4e4f1f9785c29c7496fa72489fda7501",
"text": "Epimenides Epimenides of Knossos ( Crete ) ( -LSB- ɛpᵻˈmɛnᵻdiːz -RSB- Ἐπιμενίδης ) was a semi-mythical 7th or 6th century BC Greek seer and philosopher-poet .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ca9386d5be1b3d52a6ae492792a5fa13",
"text": "Ludolph Küster Ludolf Küster ( Ludolph Küster ) ( 1670 -- 1716 ) was a Westphalian scholar , philologist , textual critic , palaeographer , and editor of Greek ancient texts . Küster was born in Blomberg , Westphalia . He was friends with , and a correspondent of , Richard Bentley , master of Trinity College , Cambridge , who assisted him in the production of a hasty edition of the works of Aristophanes . Thomas de Quincey was later to say that Bentley 's contributions -- including epistles on The Clouds and Plutus -- were `` mangled '' by Küster and incompetent printers . Some of these letters still survive . Bentley also assisted Küster , among other editors , with an edition of Suidae Lexicon Graece et Latine ( 1705 ) . In Utrecht , from 1697 to 1699 , Küster published the journal Bibliotheca Librorum novorum under the pseudonym `` Neocorus '' ( a Greek word that translates as roughly equivalent to the German word `` Küster '' , that is , `` sexton '' or `` sacristan '' ) . Several times , Küster came into professional conflict with Dutch classical scholar Jakob Gronovius . In 1710 , he made a reprint , or rather revision , of John Mill 's Novum Testamentum Graecum ( 1707 ) , with prolegomena and with collations of 12 more manuscripts . It was published in Amsterdam and Rotterdam . Kuster 's reprint also appeared , in Leipzig in 1723 and again in Amsterdam in 1746 . He used 12 more manuscripts than Mill 's original edition . Nine of these 12 codices were collated for Küster by the abbé de Louvois : codex 285 , M , 9 , 11 , 119 , 13 , 14 , 15 , and Codex Ephraemi . Currently they are housed in the Bibliothèque nationale de France in Paris . Codex 78 was collated by Boerner , codex 42 , and Codex Boernerianus by Küster himself . In this edition , Küster published his own notes separate from Mill 's by prefixing and affixing the marks , and his collations both of his own codices and of early editions will be found more complete than his predecessor 's . Mill 's dedication was omitted . Küster was the first to recognize the 9th century date of Codex Boernerianus . In 1713 , Küster traveled to Paris and spoke against the Protestant religion . There he was admitted to the Academy of Inscriptions and Belles Lettres , and received a pension from the crown of 2000 pounds . He is mentioned by name in Alexander Pope 's satirical Dunciad , in the company of other notable classicists of his day .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ea2e8fede64de3d25e7c5215e3563f7c",
"text": "Cancionero de la Colombina The Cancionero de la Colombina or Cancionero Musical de la Colombina ( CMC ) is a Spanish manuscript ( Ms. 7-1-28 ) containing Renaissance music from the second half of the 15th century . The manuscript was copied during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs , possibly between the 1460s and the 1480s . Therefore , it predates the more famous Cancionero de Palacio . The first half of the manuscript is the work of two main scribes , and the second half was completed by six other scribes . It originally comprised 106 folios , 8 of which are lost . The general condition of the remaining folios is less than satisfactory . A title added on a later period reads `` Cantilenas vulgares puestas en musica por varios Españoles '' ( Popular melodies set to music by various Spaniards ) . In 1534 it was bought by the second son of Christopher Columbus , the bibliophile Ferdinand Columbus , who added it to his rich Sevillian library of more than 15,000 volumes known by the name of `` Columbine Library '' ( in Spanish , `` Biblioteca Colombina '' ) . After his death , the library was transferred to the Seville Cathedral , where it remained up to these days . The Cancionero currently contains 95 musical settings , some of which are incomplete . Of this total , 53 remain anonymous . The authorship of several works could be established because they had been properly attributed in other cancioneros , especially the Cancionero de Palacio and the Cancionero de Montecassino . The repertory in the manuscript is varied . Among the musical genres can be found canciones , villancicos , romances and ensaladas . Many of the villancicos and canciones are sacred , mostly Marian . Two of the works are in French and 12 are liturgical compositions in Latin . There are also two short versions in Castilian of the Song of the Sibyl ( `` El Cant de la Sibil · la '' ) , nos. 73 and 91 ( `` Juysio fuerte será dado '' ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ae0abb521ef2e6b7446069d1cb35edb2",
"text": "Runic inscriptions A runic inscription is an inscription made in one of the various runic alphabets . The body of runic inscriptions falls into the three categories of Elder Futhark ( some 350 items , dating to between the 2nd and 8th centuries AD ) , Anglo-Frisian Futhorc ( some 100 items , 5th to 11th centuries ) and Younger Futhark ( close to 6,000 items , 8th to 12th centuries ) . The total 350 known inscriptions in the Elder Futhark script fall into two main geographical categories , North Germanic ( Scandinavian , c. 267 items ) and Continental or South Germanic ( `` German '' and Gothic , c. 81 items ) . These inscriptions are on many types of loose objects , but the North Germanic tradition shows a preference for bracteates , while the South Germanic one has a preference for fibulae . The precise figures are debatable because some inscriptions are very short and/or illegible so that it is uncertain whether they qualify as an inscription at all . The division into Scandinavian , North Sea ( Anglo-Frisian ) , and South Germanic inscription makes sense from the 5th century . In the 3rd and 4th centuries , the Elder Futhark script is still in its early phase of development , with inscriptions concentrated in what is now Denmark and Northern Germany . The tradition of runic literacy continues in Scandinavia into the Viking Age , developing into the Younger Futhark script . Close to 6,000 Younger Futhark inscriptions are known , many of them on runestones .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9aee76318ab186fe37989a0557072f03",
"text": "Pantheon (book) The Liber universalis ( `` universal book '' ) is a work of Gottfried von Viterbo ( c. 1120 -- c. 1196 ) . In this work , completed in 1185 , he chronicles world history from the creation of the world to the time of Heinrich VI ( Henry VI ) . The liber was written around 1185 and is an extended version of the previous Memoria seculorum ( `` remembrance of the ages '' ) by the same author which again builds on the Speculum regum ( `` mirror for kings/princes '' ) dated to around 1185 . It is subdivided into 20 „ particulae '' ( '' ( small ) parts '' ) , the last of which is the so-called Gesta Friderici ( `` Frederics achievements '' ) first dedicated to Heinrich VI but ultimately to Pope Gregory VIII . The famous prosimetrum Pantheon '' '' ' builds upon the liber universalis and exists in 3 editions ( 1187,1188,1191 ) . The Pantheon manuscript enjoyed a wide distribution in the late middle ages .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "56a2f4f04a30d4a2fa3d8e449321de39",
"text": "Erasmus Reinhold Erasmus Reinhold ( October 22 , 1511 -- February 19 , 1553 ) was a German astronomer and mathematician , considered to be the most influential astronomical pedagogue of his generation . He was born and died in Saalfeld , Saxony . He was educated , under Jacob Milich , at the University of Wittenberg , where he was first elected dean and later became rector . In 1536 he was appointed professor of higher mathematics by Philipp Melanchthon . In contrast to the limited modern definition , `` mathematics '' at the time also included applied mathematics , especially astronomy . His colleague , Georg Joachim Rheticus , also studied at Wittenberg and was appointed professor of lower mathematics in 1536 . Reinhold catalogued a large number of stars . His publications on astronomy include a commentary ( 1542 , 1553 ) on Georg Purbach 's Theoricae novae planetarum . Reinhold knew about Copernicus and his heliocentric ideas prior to the publication of De revolutionibis and made a favourable reference to him in his commentary on Purbach . However , Reinhold ( like other astronomers before Kepler and Galileo ) translated Copernicus ' mathematical methods back into a geocentric system , rejecting heliocentric cosmology on physical and theological grounds . Duke Albert of Brandenburg Prussia supported Reinhold and financed the printing of Reinhold 's Prutenicae Tabulae or Prussian Tables . These astronomical tables helped to disseminate calculation methods of Copernicus throughout the Empire , however , Gingerich notes that they showed a `` notable lack of commitment '' to heliocentricity and were `` carefully framed '' to be independent of the movement of the Earth . Both Reinholds 's Prutenic Tables and Copernicus ' studies were the foundation for the Calendar Reform by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 . It was Reinhold 's heavily annotated copy of De revolutionibus in the Royal Observatory , Edinburgh , that started Owen Gingerich on his search for copies of the first and second editions which he describes in The Book Nobody Read . In Reinhold 's unpublished commentary on De revolutionibus , he calculated the distance from the Earth to the sun . He `` massaged '' his calculation method in order to arrive at an answer close to that of Ptolemy . His name has been given to a prominent lunar impact crater that lies to the south-southwest of the crater Copernicus , on the Mare Insularum .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e9f1cd5c81ef52921164ed4c7e08b169",
"text": "Konstantinos Staikos Konstantinos Staikos ( born 1943 ) is a Greek architect and book historian . He was born in Athens . He studied interior architecture and design in Paris , and has been practicing in that field since the 1960s . In the early 1970s he started to take a serious interest in the history of Greek books during the period of the Greek diaspora ( from the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 to about 1830 ) . In his professional capacity he was commissioned to redesign and reorganize two historic libraries of the Christian world : those of the Monastery of St John on Patmos ( founded in 1089 ) , completed in 1989 , and of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in the Phanar , Constantinople ( dating from 353 , soon after the city 's official inauguration as the capital of the Eastern Roman Empire ) , completed in 1993 . Towards the end of the 1980s he embarked on a systematic study of the history of libraries in the countries of the Mediterranean Basin and the Near East , from earliest antiquity to the Renaissance ( about 3000 BC to AD 1600 ) . This took him to all the most important monastic and secular libraries in Europe , to gather material about their founders and their history , and necessitated a great deal of research to discover what could be learnt from ancient Greek and Latin and other early sources about the methods of book distribution , the book trade and book-collecting -- from the papyrus roll to the codex and the printed book -- , as well as the evolution of library architecture over those four and a half millennia . Among his publications are The Great Libraries ( 2000 ) , the five volumes History of the Library in Western Civilization , Oak Knoll Press ( 2001-2013 ) and the Books and Ideas . The Library of Plato and of the Academy , Oak Knoll Press ( 2013 ) . The Konstantinos Staikos ' book collection was acquired by the Onassis Foundation in 2010 to be preserved as perpetual property of the Greek Nation , to make these books accessible to researchers , being gradually uploaded on the Internet so that they may be reached by as many people as possible . The Konstantinos Staikos ' book collection was renamed to `` Hellenic Library of the Onassis Foundation '' and is housed in the neoclassical building at 56 Amalias Avenue Plaka , Athens , Greece .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e84b1538f0c6135d683c420545489381",
"text": "On Spirals On Spirals is a treatise by Archimedes , written around 225 BC . Although Archimedes did not discover the Archimedean spiral , he employed it in this book to square the circle and trisect an angle .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "958541a4f1b00f918c76ffbebf13a597",
"text": "Book of Fixed Stars The Book of Fixed Stars is an astronomical text written by Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi ( Azophi ) around 964 . The book was written in Arabic , although the author himself was Persian . It was an attempt to create a synthesis of the comprehensive star catalogue in Ptolemy 's Almagest ( books VII and VIII ) with the indigenous Arabic astronomical traditions on the constellations . The book was thoroughly illustrated along with observations and descriptions of the stars , their positions ( copied from Ptolemy 's Almagest with the longitudes increased by 12 ° 42 ' to account for the precession ) , their magnitudes ( brightness ) and their color . His results , as in Ptolemy 's Almagest , were set out constellation by constellation . For each constellation , he provided two drawings , one from the outside of a celestial globe , and the other from the inside . The work was highly influential and survives in numerous manuscripts and translations . The oldest manuscript , kept in the Bodleian Library , dates to 1009 and is the work of the author 's son . There is a thirteenth-century copy in the British Library ( Or . 5323 ) . He has the earliest known descriptions and illustrations of what he called `` a little cloud '' , which is actually the Andromeda Galaxy . He mentions it as lying before the mouth of a Big Fish , an Arabic constellation . This `` cloud '' was apparently commonly known to the Isfahan astronomers , very probably before 905 . The first recorded mention of the Large Magellanic Cloud was also given in the Book of Fixed Stars . These were the first galaxies other than the Milky Way to be observed from Earth . The Great Andromeda Nebula he observed was also the first true nebula to be observed , as distinct from a star cluster . He probably also cataloged the Omicron Velorum star cluster as a `` nebulous star '' , and an additional `` nebulous object '' in Vulpecula , a cluster now variously known as Al-Sufi 's Cluster , the `` Coathanger asterism '' , Brocchi 's Cluster or Collinder 399 . Moreover , he mentions the two Magellanic Clouds , and that they are not visible from Iraq nor Najd , but visible from Tihama , and that they are called al-Baqar ( the cows ) . There has not been a published English translation of the book , though it was translated into French by Hans Schjellerup in 1874 . As of March 2012 , one is in preparation by Ihsan Hafez of James Cook University , Townsville .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2a540bb1faa31e05df879e6f5aa58906",
"text": "Early Islamic philosophy Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar ( early 9th century CE ) and lasting until the 6th century AH ( late 12th century CE ) . The period is known as the Islamic Golden Age , and the achievements of this period had a crucial influence in the development of modern philosophy and science ; for Renaissance Europe , the influence represented `` one of the largest technology transfers in world history . '' . This period starts with al-Kindi in the 9th century and ends with Averroes ( Ibn Rushd ) at the end of 12th century . The death of Averroes effectively marks the end of a particular discipline of Islamic philosophy usually called the Peripatetic Arabic School , and philosophical activity declined significantly in Western Islamic countries , namely in Islamic Spain and North Africa , though it persisted for much longer in the Eastern countries , in particular Persia and India where several schools of philosophy continued to flourish : Avicennism , Illuminationist philosophy , Mystical philosophy , and Transcendent theosophy . Some of the significant achievements of early Muslim philosophers included the development of a strict science of citation , the isnad or `` backing '' ; the development of a method of open inquiry to disprove claims , the ijtihad , which could be generally applied to many types of questions ( although which to apply it to is an ethical question ) ; the willingness to both accept and challenge authority within the same process ; recognition that science and philosophy are both subordinate to morality , and that moral choices are prior to any investigation or concern with either ; the separation of theology ( kalam ) and law ( shariah ) during the early Abbasid period , a precursor to secularism ; the distinction between religion and philosophy , marking the beginning of secular thought ; the beginning of a peer review process ; early ideas on evolution ; the beginnings of the scientific method , an important contribution to the philosophy of science ; the introduction of temporal modal logic and inductive logic ; the beginning of social philosophy , including the formulation of theories on social cohesion and social conflict ; the beginning of the philosophy of history ; the development of the philosophical novel and the concepts of empiricism and tabula rasa ; and distinguishing between essence and existence . Saadia Gaon , David ben Merwan al-Mukkamas , Maimonides , and Thomas Aquinas , were influenced by the Mutazilite work , particularly Avicennism and Averroism , and the Renaissance and the use of empirical methods were inspired at least in part by Arabic translations of Greek , Jewish , Persian and Egyptian works translated into Latin during the Renaissance of the 12th century , and taken during the Reconquista in 1492 . Early Islamic philosophy can be divided into clear sets of influences , branches , schools , and fields , as described below .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "71bc1988519fc113cfe970cb15a1073b",
"text": "Oxyrhynchus Papyri The Oxyrhynchus Papyri are a group of manuscripts discovered during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries by archaeologists including Bernard Pyne Grenfell and Arthur Surridge Hunt at an ancient rubbish dump near Oxyrhynchus in Egypt ( , modern el-Bahnasa ) . The manuscripts date from the 1st to as late as the 7th century AD . They include thousands of Greek and Latin documents , letters and literary works . They also include a few vellum manuscripts , and more recent Arabic manuscripts on paper ( for example , the medieval P. Oxy . VI 1006 ) . The Oxyrhynchus Papyri are currently housed in institutions all over the world . A substantial number are housed in the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford University . Although the initial hope of finding many of the lost literary works of antiquity at Oxyrhynchus was not realized , many important Greek texts were found at the site . These include poems of Pindar , fragments of Sappho and Alcaeus , along with larger pieces of Alcman , Ibycus , and Corinna . There were also extensive remains of the Hypsipyle of Euripides , fragments of the comedies of Menander , and a large part of the Ichneutae of Sophocles . Also found were the oldest and most complete diagrams from Euclid 's Elements . Fragments of Euclid discovered lead to a re-evaluation of the accuracy of ancient sources for The Elements , revealing that the version of Theon of Alexandria has more authority than previously believed , according to Thomas Little Heath . Another important find was the historical work known as the Hellenica Oxyrhynchia , whose author is unknown but may be Ephorus or , as many currently think , Cratippus . A life of Euripides by Satyrus the Peripatetic was also unearthed , while an epitome of seven of the 107 lost books of Livy was the most important literary find in Latin . The classical author who has most benefited from the finds at Oxyrhynchus is the Athenian playwright Menander ( 342 -- 291 BC ) , whose comedies were very popular in Hellenistic times and whose works are frequently found in papyrus fragments . Menander 's plays found in fragments at Oxyrhynchus include Misoumenos , Dis Exapaton , Epitrepontes , Karchedonios , Dyskolos and Kolax . The works found at Oxyrhynchus have greatly raised Menander 's status among classicists and scholars of Greek theatre . There is an on-line table of contents briefly listing the type of contents of each papyrus or fragment .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "41f09c1d1792a4bf238bc019f5975638",
"text": "Stone Tower (Ptolemy) Ptolemy , the Greco-Egyptian geographer of Alexandria , wrote about a `` Stone Tower '' ( λίθινος πύργος in Greek , Turris Lapidea in Latin ) which marked the mid-point on the ancient Silk Road -- the network of overland trade routes taken by caravans between Europe and Asia . It was the most important landmark on this route , where caravans stopped on their difficult and dangerous journeys to allow travellers to take on provisions , rest , and trade goods before continuing on . Ptolemy 's famous treatise on cartography , Geography , written around 140 CE , is the only book on this subject to have survived from classical antiquity , and has had a profound influence right through the ages . In it , he set the coordinates of the Stone Tower at longitude135 and latitude 43 degrees north on his gradation system , but its actual location has been vigorously debated by researchers and historians over the centuries . This is because the information that he , and other scholars from his era , left behind is simply not precise enough ( despite his coordinates ) , due to the rudimentary methods caravans employed while route surveying distant lands from which ancient cartographers drew their maps . If the Stone Tower could be pin-pointed then not only would this be of great significance in the study of ancient geography , but it would allow other important landmarks in this region , similarly ( and imprecisely ) detailed by Ptolemy , to be more closely located also . A brief survey of literature reveals the long-standing disagreements by geographers and historians to locate the Stone Tower : As far back as the 11th century Al-Biruni suggested it was the city of Tashkent ( which means `` castle of stone '' ) . In the 19th century , Hagar too maintained it was Tashkent , partly based on the striking coincidence of the city being on the same latitude of 43 degrees north ; while d'Anville identified it with the fortress of Aatas , 7 degrees northwest of Kashgar ; and Bell argued it was near the Pass of Chiltung in the Pamirs . Yule located it nearby at Daraut-Kurgan , while Bevan & Smith thought the Stone Tower was probably the same as the `` Hormeterium '' ( or `` merchants ' station '' which Ptolemy also writes about ) and located it near the Sulaiman-Too mountain in Osh . Bunbury thought the information given was too vague to precisely determine its location . In the 20th century , Hackin travelled there and thought it was at Tashkurgan , while Hermann placed it in the vicinity of Daraut-Kurgan . Stein , who perhaps most extensively travelled this region , suggested the valley of Karategin was the area Ptolemy referred to `` when the traveller ascended the ravine '' and so proposed a site near Daraut-Kurgan , and Thomson agrees it should be nearby . From the turn of this century , Rapin ( 2001 ) has suggested it is Sulaiman-Too ; while Bernard ( 2005 ) , by carefully tracing the route taken by the caravan of Maes Titianos , locates the Stone Tower near Daraut-Kurgan ; and P'iankov ( 2014 ) , after also considering information drawn from contemporary sailors , agrees with him . Tupikova et al ( 2014 ) , following `` the application of spherical trigonometry for the recalculation of Ptolemy 's coordinates '' , concluded that it `` can with great probability be identified as Tashkurgan '' . Dean ( 2015 ) also uses a new methodology , by proposing a set of three criteria to help locate this landmark , and identifies it as Sulaiman-Too . All in all , there are four sites that are most often identified as the likely location of the Stone Tower : ( i ) the city of Tashkent , in Uzbekistan ; ( ii ) the Sulaiman-Too mountain in Osh , Kyrgyzstan ; ( iii ) the town of Daraut-Kurgan in south-western Kyrgyzstan ; and ( iv ) the town of Tashkurgan , in Xinjiang , China . However , some historians also consider the Hormeterium , located nearby in the mountains close to the crossover point with China , to be one and the same as the Stone Tower ; and believe this landmark to be the settlement of Irkeshtam . All four sites mentioned above , as well as Irkeshtam , can be seen on the Map of Silk Roads over the Roof of Asia .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9ca477ba907cd572a95c4e2147d42cb4",
"text": "Ancient Egyptian literature Ancient Egyptian literature was written in the Egyptian language from ancient Egypt 's pharaonic period until the end of Roman domination . It represents the oldest corpus of Egyptian literature . Along with Sumerian literature , it is considered the world 's earliest literature . Writing in ancient Egypt -- both hieroglyphic and hieratic -- first appeared in the late 4th millennium BC during the late phase of predynastic Egypt . By the Old Kingdom ( 26th century BC to 22nd century BC ) , literary works included funerary texts , epistles and letters , hymns and poems , and commemorative autobiographical texts recounting the careers of prominent administrative officials . It was not until the early Middle Kingdom ( 21st century BC to 17th century BC ) that a narrative Egyptian literature was created . This was a `` media revolution '' which , according to Richard B. Parkinson , was the result of the rise of an intellectual class of scribes , new cultural sensibilities about individuality , unprecedented levels of literacy , and mainstream access to written materials . However , it is possible that the overall literacy rate was less than one percent of the entire population . The creation of literature was thus an elite exercise , monopolized by a scribal class attached to government offices and the royal court of the ruling pharaoh . However , there is no full consensus among modern scholars concerning the dependence of ancient Egyptian literature on the sociopolitical order of the royal courts . Middle Egyptian , the spoken language of the Middle Kingdom , became a classical language during the New Kingdom ( 16th century BC to 11th century BC ) , when the vernacular language known as Late Egyptian first appeared in writing . Scribes of the New Kingdom canonized and copied many literary texts written in Middle Egyptian , which remained the language used for oral readings of sacred hieroglyphic texts . Some genres of Middle Kingdom literature , such as `` teachings '' and fictional tales , remained popular in the New Kingdom , although the genre of prophetic texts was not revived until the Ptolemaic period ( 4th century BC to 1st century BC ) . Popular tales included the Story of Sinuhe and The Eloquent Peasant , while important teaching texts include the Instructions of Amenemhat and The Loyalist Teaching . By the New Kingdom period , the writing of commemorative graffiti on sacred temple and tomb walls flourished as a unique genre of literature , yet it employed formulaic phrases similar to other genres . The acknowledgment of rightful authorship remained important only in a few genres , while texts of the `` teaching '' genre were pseudonymous and falsely attributed to prominent historical figures . Ancient Egyptian literature has been preserved on a wide variety of media . This includes papyrus scrolls and packets , limestone or ceramic ostraca , wooden writing boards , monumental stone edifices and coffins . Texts preserved and unearthed by modern archaeologists represent a small fraction of ancient Egyptian literary material . The area of the floodplain of the Nile is under-represented because the moist environment is unsuitable for the preservation of papyri and ink inscriptions . On the other hand , hidden caches of literature , buried for thousands of years , have been discovered in settlements on the dry desert margins of Egyptian civilization .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "60116e75ed30e75456c7ab999bb11c2c",
"text": "Mensural notation Mensural notation is the musical notation system used for European vocal polyphonic music from the later part of the 13th century until about 1600 . The term `` mensural '' refers to the ability of this system to describe precisely measured rhythmic durations in terms of numerical proportions between note values . Its modern name is inspired by the terminology of medieval theorists , who used terms like musica mensurata ( `` measured music '' ) or cantus mensurabilis ( `` measurable song '' ) to refer to the rhythmically defined polyphonic music of their age , as opposed to musica plana or musica choralis , i.e. , Gregorian plainchant . With mensural notation being employed principally for compositions in the tradition of vocal polyphony , plainchant retained its own , older system of neume notation throughout the period , while some purely instrumental music could be written in various forms of instrument-specific tablature notation . Mensural notation grew out of an earlier , more limited method of notating rhythms in terms of fixed repetitive patterns , the so-called rhythmic modes , which were developed in France around 1200 . An early form of mensural notation was first described and codified in the treatise Ars cantus mensurabilis ( `` The art of measured chant '' ) by Franco of Cologne . A much expanded system allowing for greater rhythmic complexity was introduced in France with the stylistic movement of the Ars nova in the 14th century , while Italian 14th-century music developed its own , somewhat different variant . Around 1400 , the French system was adopted across Europe , and became the standard form of notation of the Renaissance music of the 15th and 16th centuries . After around 1600 , mensural notation gradually evolved into modern measure ( or bar ) notation . The decisive innovation of mensural notation was the systematic use of different note shapes to denote rhythmic durations that stood in well-defined , hierarchical numerical relations to each other . Mensural notation differed from the modern system in that the values of each note were more strongly context-dependent . In particular , a note could have the length of either two or three units of the next smaller order , whereas in modern notation these relations are invariably binary . Whether a note was to be read as ternary ( `` perfect '' ) or binary ( `` imperfect '' ) was a matter partly of context rules and partly of a system of mensuration signs comparable to modern time signatures . There was also a complex system of temporarily shifting note values by proportion factors like 2:1 or 3:2 . Mensural notation used no bar lines , and it sometimes employed special connected note forms ( ligatures ) inherited from earlier medieval notation . Unlike in the earliest beginnings of the writing of polyphonic music , and unlike in modern practice , mensural notation was usually not written in a score arrangement but in individual parts . Mensural notation was extensively described and codified by contemporary theorists . As these writings , like all academic work of the time , were usually in Latin , many features of the system are still conventionally referred to by their Latin terms .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
d49dc6a052a495d51ffc3265a5a21cbc | Taylor Swift was released. | [
{
"docid": "cfbbf7e799a1d5f25ca1040e85a534d8",
"text": "Taylor Swift (album) Taylor Swift is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift , released on October 24 , 2006 , by Big Machine Records . Swift was 16 years old at the time of the album 's release and wrote its songs during her freshman year of high school . Swift has writing credits on all of the album 's songs , including those co-written with Liz Rose . Swift experimented with several producers , ultimately choosing Nathan Chapman , who had produced her demo album . Musically , the album is country music styled , and lyrically it speaks of romantic relationships , a couple of which Swift wrote from observing relationships before being in one . Lyrics also touch on Swift 's personal struggles in high school . Five singles were released from the album , all of which have been certified platinum by the RIAA . `` Tim McGraw '' was released as the lead single and reached the top ten on Billboard 's Hot Country Songs . `` Teardrops on My Guitar '' was released as the second single and was the album 's best-charting song on the Billboard Hot 100 . `` Our Song '' was released as the third single from the album and was Swift 's first number one on Billboard 's Hot Country Songs chart . It made her the youngest person to single-handedly write and perform a number one song on the Hot Country Songs chart . `` Picture to Burn '' and `` Should 've Said No '' were released as the fourth single and fifth singles from the album , respectively , and both were successful on the country charts in the United States . Swift promoted the album by performing on tour as the opening act for artists such as Rascal Flatts , George Strait , Brad Paisley , and Tim McGraw and Faith Hill . Taylor Swift was received positively by contemporary critics , who praised Swift 's talent at such a young age . The album enjoyed commercial success and launched Swift 's career in country music . In the United States , it topped the Top Country Albums Chart for 24 non-consecutive weeks , and was certified five times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) for sales of over 5 million copies . Taylor Swift has logged 275 weeks on the Billboard Top 200 chart as of early 2013 . The album was also successful outside of Swift 's native country , especially in Canada , Australia , and the United Kingdom . The album has sold over 6 million copies worldwide as of January 2015 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "7ac24605301e7606932667cc23888f35",
"text": "Swift (surname) Swift is a surname . Notable people with the surname include : Allan Swift ( born 1935 ) , U.S. politician Bill Swift ( born 1961 ) , baseball player Bill Swift ( 1930s pitcher ) ( 1908 -- 1969 ) , baseball player Catherine Swift , President and CEO of the Canadian Federation of Independent Business Charles Swift , defense counsel for Salim Ahmed Hamdan Clement Nye Swift ( 1846 -- 1918 ) , American painter Clive Swift ( born 1936 ) , British actor David Swift ( director ) ( 1919 -- 2001 ) , American screenwriter , animator , director , and producer David Swift ( actor ) ( 1931 -- 2016 ) , British actor Edward D. Swift , U.S. astronomer Gareth Swift ( rugby league ) , rugby league footballer of the 2000s George R. Swift ( 1887 -- 1972 ) , U.S. politician Graham Swift ( born 1949 ) , British novelist Gustavus Franklin Swift ( 1839 -- 1903 ) , U.S. entrepreneur , founder of Swift & Company meatpacking plants Henry Adoniram Swift ( 1823 -- 1896 ) , U.S. politician Innis P. Swift ( 1882 -- 1953 ) American World War II general Jane Swift ( born 1965 ) , American politician John Franklin Swift ( 1829 -- 1891 ) , American politician and author Jonathan Swift ( 1667 -- 1745 ) , Irish author , satirist , political pamphleteer and cleric Joseph Gardner Swift ( 1783 -- 1865 ) , American army officer Justin Swift ( born 1975 ) , American football player Katherine Swift ( 1956 -- 2004 ) Artist and ceramicist Kay Swift ( 1897 -- 1993 ) , American composer Lewis Swift ( 1820 -- 1913 ) , U.S. astronomer Morrison I. Swift ( 1856 -- 1946 ) U.S. social theorist , organizer and activist . Philetus Swift ( 1763 -- 1828 ) , New York politician Parton Swift ( 1876 -- 1952 ) , New York politician and judge Patrick Swift ( 1927 -- 83 ) , Irish painter Richard Swift ( disambiguation ) , several people Robert Swift ( born 1985 ) , basketball player R.B. Swift , American journalist Scott H. Swift ( born 1957 ) , commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet Stephanie Swift , adult actress Stromile Swift ( born 1979 ) , basketball player Taylor Swift ( born 1989 ) , American country music singer-songwriter and actress Todd Swift ( born 1966 ) , Canadian poet William Swift ( born 1848 ) , governor of Guam and USN Rear Admiral",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "643010387100b1df150caeab46f53613",
"text": "List of number-one singles of 2013 (Australia) The ARIA Singles Chart ranks the best-performing singles in Australia . Its data , published by the Australian Recording Industry Association , is based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales . In 2013 , seventeen singles claimed the top spot , including `` Thrift Shop '' by Macklemore and Ryan Lewis , which started its peak position in late 2012 . Fifteen acts achieved their first number-one single in Australia , either as a lead or featured artist : Mary Lambert , Nate Ruess , Baauer , Ray Dalton , Passenger , Daft Punk , Pharrell Williams , Robin Thicke , T.I. , Avicii , 2 Chainz , Redfoo , Dami Im , Taylor Henderson and John Legend . Im and Henderson were the only Australian artists to achieve a number-one single . Macklemore and Ryan Lewis had three number-one singles during the year for `` Thrift Shop '' , `` Same Love '' and `` Ca n't Hold Us '' . Jason Derulo earned two number-one singles for `` Talk Dirty '' and `` Trumpets '' . Pharrell Williams also earned two number-one singles during the year , as a featured artist on Daft Punk 's `` Get Lucky '' and Robin Thicke 's `` Blurred Lines '' . Katy Perry 's `` Roar '' was the longest-running number-one single of 2013 , having topped the ARIA Singles Chart for nine weeks . `` Blurred Lines '' was the second longest-running number-one single , with eight consecutive weeks at the top . Passenger 's `` Let Her Go '' stayed at number one for five consecutive weeks , while Avicii 's `` Wake Me Up ! '' topped the chart for six consecutive weeks .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a190c826abeac240a392a1fe0b864c64",
"text": "VII (Teyana Taylor album) VII is the debut studio album by American recording artist Teyana Taylor . The album was released on November 4 , 2014 , by Def Jam Recordings and GOOD Music . Leading up to the album 's release , Teyana released the mixtape The Misunderstanding of Teyana Taylor ( 2012 ) , along with collaborating on the GOOD Music compilation album Cruel Summer ( 2012 ) . The album features guest appearances from Chris Brown , Fabolous , Pusha T and Yo Gotti . The album was executively produced by Che Pope & Teyana Taylor . Recording took place at Jungle City Studios in New York & KMA Studios , NYC , as well as The Kennedy Compound in North Hollywood , California & Labren Studio in Inglewood , CA . VII was promoted by the release of three official singles : `` Maybe '' featuring Yo Gotti and Pusha T , `` Business '' and `` Do Not Disturb '' featuring Chris Brown .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6d403ba95538df951631b910094752a5",
"text": "Grammy Award for Best New Artist The Grammy Award for Best New Artist has been awarded since 1959 . Years reflect the year in which the Grammy Awards were handed out , for records released in the previous year . The award was not presented in 1967 . The official guidelines are as follows : `` For a new artist who releases , during the Eligibility Year , the first recording which establishes the public identity of that artist . '' Note that this is not necessarily the first album released by an artist . It is sometimes asserted , with varying degrees of sincerity , that winning the award is a curse , as several award winners ( particularly from the late 1970s and early 1980s ) were never able to duplicate the success they experienced in their debut year . This viewpoint was expressed by former Starland Vocal Band member Taffy Danoff in a 2002 interview for VH1 's 100 Greatest One Hit Wonders : `` We got two of the five Grammys -- one was Best New Artist . So that was basically the kiss of death and I feel sorry for everyone who 's gotten it since . '' The category is also notable for being the only one of its kind in which a Grammy Award was vacated . This occurred in 1990 after it was revealed winners Milli Vanilli did not contribute their own vocals on their debut album . The award was revoked , but was not handed out to another artist . Of the 54 awards presented in the category since its inception , the honor has been presented to 25 solo female artists , 18 duos or groups , and 11 solo male artists . Between 1997 and 2003 , all the winners were solo female artists . Also , from 1993 to 2005 , no winner was a solo male artist . In 2006 , John Legend broke this trend , which started with Marc Cohn in 1992 . Only four artists have won both Best New Artist and Album of the Year in the same year : Bob Newhart in 1961 , Christopher Cross in 1981 , Lauryn Hill in 1999 and Norah Jones in 2003 . Of all the winners , only three have been country artists . In 1997 , LeAnn Rimes became the first country artist to win the award . She was followed by Carrie Underwood in 2007 and Zac Brown Band in 2010 . Additionally , 2017 marked the first time that two country artists were nominated in this category in the same year . 1984 marked the first time that all of the nominees were from outside of the United States ( Winner Culture Club , Eurythmics , and Musical Youth were from England , Big Country was from Scotland , and Men Without Hats were from Canada ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c2a342dbc97f2edda8b3a8d6cde204e9",
"text": "Love Will Lead You Back `` Love Will Lead You Back '' is a song performed by American singer Taylor Dayne . Released as the second single from Dayne 's second album Ca n't Fight Fate ( following the more uptempo `` With Every Beat of My Heart '' ) , the ballad debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 chart on January 27 , 1990 . It reached number one on April 7 that same year and spent 15 weeks in the Top 40 , becoming Dayne 's only chart-topping hit . It also reached number one on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart and was certified Gold in the US by the RIAA .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "50169520b87c5f99190193dd357556ba",
"text": "A Million Lights A Million Lights is the third studio album by English recording artist Cheryl , released on 15 June 2012 through Fascination Records . Following her divorce from Ashley Cole , this is Cheryl 's first album to be released under the mononym Cheryl , dropping her married surname . The album was recorded in 2011 and 2012 . As the executive producer of the album , Cheryl enlisted a variety of producers such as Alex da Kid , Calvin Harris , will.i.am , Pantha , Agent X , HyGrade , Dada Life , Jim Beanz , Taio Cruz , Mathias Wollo , The Beamer Boyz , Billy Wes , Electric , Bibi Jones and Dave Munday . Sonically , the album is rooted in pop and dance-pop genres . Upon its release , A Million Lights received mainly mixed to positive reviews from music critics , who commended its progression from Cheryl 's previous albums , but were ambivalent towards the mix of genres . The album debuted on the UK Albums Chart at position two , selling 34,934 copies in its first week . A Million Lights also peaked at two on the Irish Albums Chart , and one on the Scottish albums chart . A Million Lights was certified Gold in the United Kingdom for shipments of 100,000 copies . Two singles have been released from the album . The first single , `` Call My Name '' , was released on 8 June 2012 . With only three days of release , `` Call My Name '' sold a total of 97,000 in the United Kingdom alone , debuting at number one with first week sales of 152,001 and becoming the second fastest selling single of 2012 . `` Under the Sun '' was released 2 September 2012 as the second single from the album . The song peaked at number 13 , becoming her sixth solo top-twenty single . `` Screw You '' was scheduled to be the album 's third single , but the release was cancelled indefinitely and no more singles were released from A Million Lights due to the reunion of Girls Aloud in November 2012 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4ee86732b2b2d1701dd9aec3fce69b75",
"text": "Sweeter Than Fiction `` Sweeter Than Fiction '' is a song recorded by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift for the film One Chance . The song was written and produced by Swift along with Jack Antonoff , best known as the guitarist for indie pop band fun. , and was released through Big Machine Records as the lead single from the soundtrack album on October 21 , 2013 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0e38015099cd6932690fb25c19033d33",
"text": "Sony/ATV Music Publishing Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC is an American music publishing company owned by Sony through Sony Entertainment . The company was founded as a division of Associated Television ( ATV ) in 1955 by Lew Grade . In 1985 , Michael Jackson acquired ATV Music Publishing for $ 47.5 million . Paul McCartney , who had told Jackson about the importance of owning publishing , admitted he felt somewhat undercut by the purchase , because ATV Music Publishing owned the publishing rights to most of The Beatles ' songs , although he did not enter the bidding when it came up for sale in 1984 . In December 1995 , Michael Jackson agreed to merge ATV Music Publishing with Sony Music Publishing , a division of Sony Corporation , to form Sony/ATV Music Publishing . In 2012 an investor consortium led by Sony/ATV Music Publishing acquired EMI Music Publishing for approximately $ 2.2 billion . Sony/ATV Music Publishing and EMI Music Publishing now operate as one company , with the former entity administering the catalogue of the latter under a complex business structure . Following the acquisition , the company became the largest music publisher in the world , with a library of over two million songs under its administration . On March 14 , 2016 , Sony announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the Jackson estate 's stake in the company . The deal was completed on September 30 , 2016 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a028d29c676aa945e0e3ecd4aa13bbbd",
"text": "Queen Latifah Dana Elaine Owens ( born March 18 , 1970 ) , known professionally by her stage name Queen Latifah , is an American rapper , songwriter , singer , actress , model , television producer , record producer , and talk show host . Born in Newark , New Jersey , she signed with Tommy Boy Records in 1989 and released her debut album All Hail the Queen the same year , featuring the hit single `` Ladies First '' . Her second album , Nature of a Sista ( 1991 ) , was her final album with Tommy Boy Records . Latifah starred as Khadijah James on the FOX sitcom Living Single , from 1993 to 1998 . Her third album Black Reign ( 1993 ) , spawned the single `` U.N.I.T.Y. '' , which won a Grammy Award and was successful on the Billboard Hot 100 . She then starred in the lead role of Set It Off ( 1996 ) and released her fourth album , Order in the Court , in 1998 , with Motown Records . Latifah gained mainstream success and acclaim with her performance in the film Chicago ( 2002 ) , receiving an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress . Latifah released her fifth album The Dana Owens Album in 2004 , and has since appeared in a number of films , such as Bringing Down the House ( 2003 ) , Taxi ( 2004 ) , Barbershop 2 : Back in Business ( 2005 ) , Beauty Shop ( 2005 ) , Last Holiday ( 2006 ) , Hairspray ( 2007 ) and Joyful Noise ( 2012 ) . In 2007 and 2009 , she released two more studio albums -- Trav ` lin ' Light and Persona . She created the daytime talk show The Queen Latifah Show , which ran from late 2013 to early 2015 on CBS . Latifah received critical acclaim for her portrayal of blues singer Bessie Smith in the HBO film Bessie ( 2015 ) , which she co-produced , winning the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Television Movie . She has long been considered one of hip-hop 's pioneer feminists . Queen Latifah received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 2006 . Latifah 's work in music , film and television has earned her a Grammy Award , an Emmy Award , a Golden Globe award , three Screen Actors Guild Awards , two NAACP Image Awards , an Academy Award nomination and sales of over two million records .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "292a46e26b4e220f13838547993a223d",
"text": "Google Me (song) `` Google Me '' is the first single from American recording artist Teyana Taylor 's debut mixtape , From a Planet Called Harlem . The track peaked at number 90 on the Billboard Hot R&B / Hip-Hop Songs chart . The title of the single refers to the Google search engine .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3d5f7f5ad597036cb4bee4a1aa14adbc",
"text": "List of Billboard 200 number-one albums of 2002 The highest-selling albums and EPs in the United States are ranked in the Billboard 200 , published by Billboard magazine . The data are compiled by Nielsen Soundscan based on each album 's weekly physical and digital sales . 25 acts achieved number one albums during this year with artist such as Nelly and Shania Twain who had their albums debut at number one on the chart . Rapper Eminem 's The Eminem Show is the best selling album of 2002 selling over approximately 7.6 million copies by the end of the year . It is also the longest running album of 2002 spending six non-consecutive weeks the chart and was known for its first full week of sales debut of 1.322 million copies which Nielsen SoundScan scanned as the sixth largest sales of all time in its first week . Its debut of 1.322 million copies has still not been matched by any album today since except for Taylor Swift 's album 1989 , which opened with first week sales of 1.279 million copies . The band Creed continued its eight week long run on the chart but is credited as the longest running album 2001 . Jennifer Lopez earned her second number one album on the charts with J to tha L-O ! : The Remixes , which became the highest first week sales of a remix album at the time . R&B artist Ashanti earned her first number one album with her self-titled debut album Ashanti , which opened up with first week sales of 503,000 copies in its first week alone . Puff Daddy earned his first number one album since No Way Out back in 1997 . Rapper Jay-Z earned his fifth chart topper with The Blueprint 2 : The Gift & The Curse , which opened up with first week sales of 545,000 copies alone . Heavy metal band Disturbed earned its first number one album on the chart with Believe , which opened up with first week sales of 284,000 copies alone . Country music singer Shania Twain 's album Up ! opened up with a huge first week sales of 857,000 copies in its first week alone , giving her the recognition of the highest first week sales of her career and second highest of the year , only behind Eminem 's The Eminem Show and at the time the fastest selling solo female album ever . Nelly 's album Nellyville opened up with his highest first week sales of his career which logged on with huge sales of 714,000 copies in its first week alone , which beat his sales of his debut album Country Grammar , which opened up with first week sales of 235,000 copies . Country singer Alan Jackson album Drive gave him his first number one album on the chart and opened up with first week sales of 211,000 copies alone .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bd08efd87def549f1aac3d4a3bef8179",
"text": "Strength of a Woman (album) Strength of a Woman is the thirteenth studio album by American singer Mary J. Blige . It was released on April 28 , 2017 by Capitol Records . The album features guest appearances by Kanye West , Quavo , DJ Khaled , Missy Elliott , Prince Charlez , and Kaytranada .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c2d8a5f3e6e0d4ebe6969c0dd151c765",
"text": "Carrie Underwood discography American singer and songwriter Carrie Underwood has released five studio albums and 29 singles . Underwood rose to fame after winning the fourth season of American Idol in 2005 . Her debut album , Some Hearts , was released in 2005 and is the fastest-selling debut country album in Nielsen SoundScan history . It also became the best-selling solo female country debut in Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) history , as well as the top-selling debut album of any American Idol contestant in the United States . Her second album , Carnival Ride , was released in 2007 and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 charts . During the first week , it sold 527,000 copies , which at the time was the best sales week by a female solo country artist since Shania Twain 's Greatest Hits sold 530,000 copies in its first week back in 2004 . The album has since been certified 4x Platinum . Underwood released her third studio album , Play On , on November 3 , 2009 . It debuted at number one on the Top Country Albums chart and the all-genre Billboard 200 . It features the number one singles `` Cowboy Casanova '' , `` Temporary Home '' , and `` Undo It '' , as well as the number two single , `` Mama 's Song '' . The album has since been certified 3x Platinum in the US , Platinum in Canada , and Gold in Australia . On June 2011 , the album re-entered the Australian Albums Charts for both the ARIA National Top 50 and the Country Top 20 albums at number 14 and number one , respectively , giving Underwood her first number one album in Australia . The album was eventually certified Gold in Australia . On May 1 , 2012 , Underwood released her fourth album , Blown Away . In the United States , it sold 267,000 albums in its first week and debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and the Top Country Albums charts . It debuted at number one in Canada 's Top 200 all-genre albums chart and Top 100 Country albums chart , being immediately certified Gold . The album also debuted at number one on Australia 's Top 20 Country Albums and number four on the all-genre Top 50 Albums . The album has been certified 2x Platinum in the United States and Canada . On December 9 , 2014 , Underwood released her first greatest hits album , Greatest Hits : Decade # 1 . The compilation debuted at number four on the Billboard 200 and at number one on the Top Country Albums charts , and set several records upon release , including having the biggest sales debut for a hits collection in any genre of music in more than six years and the biggest first-week sales for a female hits album in any genre in over nine years . The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA on January 16 , 2015 . Underwood 's fifth studio album , Storyteller was released on October 23 , 2015 . The album debuted at number 2 on the Billboard 200 . This made Underwood the only country artist to have his or her first five studio albums debut at number one or number two on the Billboard 200 chart . It also debuted atop the Top Country Albums chart , earning Underwood another record as the only artist to score six consecutive number one albums on that chart . The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA on October 24 , 2016 . Underwood has sold in excess of 65 million records globally . In the United States , she has sold 16.3 million albums and over 34.8 million digital singles , making her the best-selling American Idol contestant of all-time . She is the top country artist and the fifth highest-certified female artist on the RIAA Top Artists ( Digital Singles ) Ranking . She is also the fourth biggest album seller among artists who have debuted the past 13 years . Underwood has accumulated 85 Billboard number-ones . She has had 15 singles top the Billboard Country Airplay , and 14 singles top the Hot Country Songs , respectively . Notably , Underwood garnered twenty-six consecutive top 10 singles on the Hot Country Songs chart , the longest streak of top ten singles for a country artist .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "017c5faa6be410b354696b0af66b0a5d",
"text": "Killer Love Killer Love is the debut studio album by American singer Nicole Scherzinger , former lead singer of The Pussycat Dolls . It was released from March 18 , 2011 by Interscope Records , in association with its affiliated record labels . Scherzinger had been working on a solo album since 2005 , under the title Her Name Is Nicole and was originally due for release in 2007 . However , unsuccessful singles and poor timing led the project being pushed back numerous times into 2008 and 2009 . After releasing The Pussycat Dolls ' second album Doll Domination , Scherzinger shelved the project entirely citing bad timing and creative issues as the reasons for its cancellation . Many of its songs were reassigned to the Dolls or other artists . In 2010 , Moroccan producer RedOne was brought on board for a second attempt at launching her solo album . Completed in 2011 and titled Killer Love , Scherzinger 's debut album features a combination of up-tempo pop , dance-pop and R&B songs , as well as mid-tempo and down-tempo ballads . Songs contain influences of rock , soul and funk music , with the specific aim of selecting songs and productions which would lend themselves to being performed live . Amongst the fourteen-song set are two collaborations , one with Enrique Iglesias , and one with Sting , the latter of which was leftover from the Her Name is Nicole recording sessions . RedOne and his associates produced almost half of the album , while other contributions come from the likes of Jim Jonsin , StarGate , The-Dream , Tricky Stewart and Boi-1da . It would be her first and only album with Interscope , after she ended her ten-year partnership in 2014 and moved to RCA Records ( Sony Music ) . Killer Love was preceded by the release of `` Poison '' , which respectively peaked at number three and number seven in the UK and Ireland . The album 's second single , `` Do n't Hold Your Breath '' , would go on to top the UK charts and reach top-five in Ireland . In an attempt to launch the album worldwide , a new version of `` Right There '' featuring 50 Cent was released , becoming one of Scherzinger 's highest charting solo singles . The song gave Scherzinger her first entry on the Billboard Hot 100 as a lead artist . Another single was released from this version of the album , `` Wet '' , which became her fourth consecutive top-ten hit in Ireland . A re-packaged version of the album spawned a brand new mid-tempo single titled `` Try with Me '' . It gave Scherzinger her fifth consecutive top-twenty hit in the UK and helped the album to reach platinum status in the United Kingdom . Upon its release , Killer Love received mixed to positive response from critics . Some praised Scherzinger 's strong vocals and conviction to convey emotion , while others criticized her choice of allowing RedOne to produce the majority of the album , stating that some of the songs sounded too similar to each other . At times it was felt that Scherzinger lacked coherence across the record , often taking the sound that individual producers had created for her instead of showing originality . Critics compared many of the songs to those her fellow pop and R&B contemporaries : Beyoncé and Rihanna . Scherzinger recorded new songs with R. Kelly , Snoop Dogg and Ne-Yo for the American release of Killer Love ; however , she confirmed that recording for a second studio album due out in late 2013 had begun , signalling the end of the promotion for Killer Love .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "47879fb3fd589cb30aab88bf53e1efc6",
"text": "List of top 25 albums for 2015 in Australia The following lists the top 25 albums of 2015 in Australia from the Australian Recording Industry Association ( ARIA ) end-of-year albums chart . Adele 's album 25 was named the highest selling album in Australia in 2015 . The album was released in November and spent six weeks at number one . Ed Sheeran 's album x was number 1 and Taylor Swift 's 1989 was number 2 in 2014 ; they 're both one spot lower in 2015 . Sam Smith 's In the Lonely Hour is the sixth-best-selling album for the second year in a row and Michael Bublé 's Christmas appeared in the top 10 end-of-year chart for the fifth consecutive year . There were 35 Australian artist releases in the top 100 , with Lee Kernaghan 's Spirit of the Anzacs being the best selling Australian album in 2015 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e3e01a8958c9cc51f20da3c31730d257",
"text": "You're Not Sorry `` You 're Not Sorry '' is a country rock song performed by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift . The song was solely written by Swift and produced by Nathan Chapman with Swift 's aid . It was released on October 28 , 2008 by Big Machine Records as a promotional single from Swift 's second studio album , Fearless on iTunes , though it is no longer available . A remix version for the television episode of CSI : Crime Scene Investigation in which Swift made an appearance was later released . Swift wrote `` You 're Not Sorry '' , inspired by an ex-boyfriend who was revealed to be opposite of what he appeared to be . The song is a power ballad with country and rock music influences . Contemporary critics gave `` You 're Not Sorry '' average to favorable reviews . In North America , the song achieved commercial success . It peaked at number 11 on Canadian Hot 100 . In the United States , `` You 're Not Sorry '' also peaked at number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 and was certified platinum by the RIAA . Swift performed the song in several venues , including on her first headlining tour , the 2009 and 2010 Fearless Tour . During the tour , Swift performed a mashup of a cover version of Justin Timberlake 's `` What Goes Around ... / ... Comes Around '' and `` You 're Not Sorry '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c2881e569d5d63d1f7868775f0ddbd90",
"text": "American Music Award for Favorite Country Female Artist The American Music Award for Favorite Country Female Artist ( now titled Favorite Female Artist - Country ) has been awarded since 1974 . Years reflect the year in which the American Music Awards were presented , for works released in the previous year ( until 2003 onward when awards were handed out on November of the same year ) . The all-time winner in this category is Reba McEntire with ten ( ' 88 ' , ' 89 , ' 90 , ' 91 , ' 92 , ' 93 , ' 94 , ' 95 , ' 98 , ' 04 ) wins stretching across three decades . McEntire was also the first woman to win the award 8 years in a row . Second place belongs to Barbara Mandrell ( ' 81 , ' 82 , ' 83 , ' 84 , ' 85 , ' 87 ) and Taylor Swift ( ' 08 , ' 09 , ' 10 , ' 11 , ' 12 , ' 13 ) , who both won the award six times . Tied in third place are Faith Hill ( ' 01 , ' 02 , ' 03 , and ' 06 ) , Shania Twain ( ' 96 , ' 97 , ' 99 , and ' 00 ) , and Carrie Underwood ( ' 07 , ' 14 , ' 15 , and ' 16 ) , who have each won 4 times , respectively . Crystal Gayle ( ' 79 , ' 80 , and ' 86 ) has won three times .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f3884beff117c63283f6d42ff3b27660",
"text": "A Communication Manual A Communication Manual '' is Swift 's first EP , released in 2003 on Tribunal Records .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4291ec8ba8e4f0f678c6bfa845c363ff",
"text": "Epic Records Epic Records is an American record label owned by Sony Music Entertainment , a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America , Inc. . Epic was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953 . It later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of musical genres , including pop , R&B , rock and hip hop . Historically , the label has housed popular acts such as Michael Jackson , Cheap Trick , Shakira , Celine Dion , ABBA , Anastacia , Boston , Dave Clark Five , Gloria Estefan , Pearl Jam and Sly & the Family Stone . Along with Columbia and RCA Records , Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainment 's three main record labels . Artists currently signed to Epic as of 2017 include Fiona Apple , Sara Bareilles , Mariah Carey , Keyshia Cole , Future , Fifth Harmony , Jennifer Hudson , Zara Larsson , Jennifer Lopez , Outkast , Ozzy Osbourne , Judas Priest , Busta Rhymes , Rick Ross , Sade , 21 Savage , Travis Scott and Meghan Trainor .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c5dd26717a6a403cb827f5ec4e1986cd",
"text": "Country Grammar Country Grammar is the debut studio album by American rapper Nelly . It was released on June 27 , 2000 , by Universal Records ( who released the album after listening to demos by Nelly , before signing a record deal with the rapper in 1999 ) . The production on the album was handled by Jason `` Jay E '' Epperson , with additional production by C-Love , Kevin Law , City Spud , Steve `` Blast '' Wills and Basement Beats . Nelly contributed to all lyrics on the album , with Epperson and City Spud also contributing . The album introduced a unique Saint Louis , Midwestern sound , and introduces Nelly 's vocal style of pop-rap singalongs and Midwestern , Missouri twang . It was supported four successful singles : `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , `` E.I. '' , `` Ride wit Me '' and `` Batter Up '' . Its lead single , `` Country Grammar ( Hot Shit ) '' , peaked at number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 and UK Singles Chart . `` E.I. '' charted at number 16 , number 12 and number 11 on the Hot 100 , UK Singles Chart and ARIA Singles Chart , respectively . `` Ride wit Me '' peaked within the top five on the Hot 100 , ARIA Singles Chart , Irish Singles Chart and UK Singles Chart . The album 's fourth and final single , `` Batter Up '' featuring Murphy Lee and Ali , achieved moderate chart success . Country Grammar received positive reviews , with critics praising Nelly 's vocal style and the album 's production . It topped the US Billboard 200 chart for five consecutive weeks , and the US Top R&B / Hip-Hop Albums chart for six consecutive weeks . It peaked in the top five on the New Zealand Albums Chart and Australian Albums Chart , as well as the top ten on the Canadian Albums Chart and Dutch Albums Chart . The album was certified three times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of New Zealand ( RIANZ ) and Music Canada ( MC ) , denoting shipments of 45,000 and 300,000 copies , respectively . In 2016 , Country Grammar became the ninth hip hop album to be certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , denoting shipment of 10 million copies in the US . Its commercial success secured Nelly 's status as one of the most successful hip hop acts of the 2000s decade . On Billboard decade-end chart , Nelly ranked as the third most successful act of the 2000s decade , due largely to the success of Country Grammar and his follow-up album Nellyville ( 2002 ) .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
11da1abff939b5d7603a4214cf15856d | This Sporting Life was directed by someone who died in the nineteen nineties. | [
{
"docid": "9e2066e2ecab2a68f954c5f105f457b5",
"text": "Lindsay Anderson Lindsay Gordon Anderson ( 17 April 1923 -- 30 August 1994 ) was a British feature film , theatre and documentary director , film critic , and leading light of the Free Cinema movement and the British New Wave . He is most widely remembered for his 1968 film if ... , which won the Palme d'Or at Cannes Film Festival and was Malcolm McDowell 's cinematic debut . He is also notable , though not a professional actor , for playing a minor role in the Academy Award winning film Chariots of Fire . Malcolm McDowell produced a 2007 documentary about his experiences with Lindsay Anderson , Never Apologize .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a50e048669936b8b94a821dbc2483b77",
"text": "This Sporting Life This Sporting Life is a 1963 British feature film based on the 1960 novel of the same name by David Storey , which won the 1960 Macmillan Fiction Award . It recounts the story of a rugby league footballer , Frank Machin , in Wakefield , a mining area of Yorkshire , whose romantic life is not as successful as his sporting life . Storey , a former professional rugby league footballer , also wrote the screenplay . The film stars Richard Harris , Rachel Roberts , William Hartnell and Alan Badel . It was directed by Lindsay Anderson . The film was Richard Harris 's first starring role , and won him a Best Actor Award at the 1963 Cannes Film Festival . He was also nominated for an Oscar for Best Actor in a Leading Role . Rachel Roberts won her second BAFTA award for This Sporting Life and an Oscar nomination for best actress . Harris was nominated for the BAFTA that year as well . The film opened at the Odeon Leicester Square in London 's West End on 7 February 1963 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "11523b1011932e753024da0fed7c1b38",
"text": "Mal Moore Mal M. Moore ( December 19 , 1939 -- March 30 , 2013 ) was the former Director of Athletics for the University of Alabama . On November 23 , 1999 , he was hired as athletic director after spending almost thirty years in other areas with the university . As a player , coach , and director of athletics , Moore was part of ten national championship football teams . In May 2012 , he was inducted into the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame . Moore died March 30 , 2013 in Durham , North Carolina .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e8e790c3e3e9c6a35cb12e61b684bd69",
"text": "Rocky Rocky is a 1976 American sports drama film directed by John G. Avildsen and both written by and starring Sylvester Stallone . It tells the rags to riches American Dream story of Rocky Balboa , an uneducated but kind-hearted working class Italian-American boxer working in a meat warehouse and as a debt collector for a loan shark in the slums of Philadelphia . Rocky starts out as a small-time club fighter , and later gets a shot at the world heavyweight championship . The film also stars Talia Shire as Adrian , Burt Young as Adrian 's brother Paulie , Burgess Meredith as Rocky 's trainer Mickey Goldmill , and Carl Weathers as the champion , Apollo Creed . The film , made on a budget of just over $ 1 million and shot in 28 days , was a sleeper hit ; it earned $ 225 million in global box office receipts , becoming the highest-grossing film of 1976 , and went on to win three Oscars , including Best Picture . The film received many positive reviews and turned Stallone into a major star . In 2006 , the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' . Rocky is considered to be one of the greatest sports films ever made and was ranked as the second-best in the genre , after Raging Bull , by the American Film Institute in 2008 . The film has spawned six sequels : Rocky II ( 1979 ) , Rocky III ( 1982 ) , Rocky IV ( 1985 ) , Rocky V ( 1990 ) , Rocky Balboa ( 2006 ) and Creed ( 2015 ) . Stallone portrays Rocky in all six sequels , wrote the first five , and directed four ( Avildsen returned to direct Rocky V and Ryan Coogler directed Creed ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1470dd68e49d3ed1a4232bd268534f79",
"text": "Death of a Neapolitan Mathematician Death of a Neapolitan Mathematician ( Morte di un matematico napoletano ) is a 1992 Italian drama film , written and directed by Mario Martone . The film earned nine awards and was nominated for two , with director and writer Mario Martone winning seven awards .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c59fd00e14c7f8f440c6c7d41063783f",
"text": "Heart of Virginia Heart of Virginia is a 1948 American sports drama film directed by R.G. Springsteen and starring Janet Martin , Robert Lowery and Frankie Darro . Believing that he is responsible for the death of a fellow rider , a jockey develops a fear of the racetrack . The film 's art direction was by Frank Arrigo .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5c5613a8447301453b5580ee5a97df12",
"text": "William J. Hirsch William James `` Buddy '' Hirsch ( January 11 , 1909 -- October 25 , 1997 ) was an American Hall of Fame trainer of Thoroughbred racehorses . He was born in San Francisco , California , the son of Hall of Fame trainer Max Hirsch . A trainer from 1932 to 1982 , Buddy Hirsch served as a trainer for the King Ranch of Texas for more than 40 years . Although best remembered for his affiliation with King Ranch , in California he trained horses for several other prominent owners from the East Coast such as Harry Isaacs , Alfred G. Vanderbilt II , Joan and Jock Whitney 's Greentree Stable as well as Edward Lasker and his wife , the actress Jane Greer . In 1977 , Hirsch turned over training duties for King Ranch to his son , Bill . In 1982 , Hirsch was inducted into the National Museum of Racing and Hall of Fame in 1982 . He died at age 88 in 1997 at Bal Harbour , Florida , and was buried next to his parents in the Cemetery of the Holy Rood in Westbury , Long Island , New York .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8ec62208529291301edcc302acdf0338",
"text": "Ron Craig Ron Craig ( died 30 November 2009 ) was the chairman of Bristol Rovers Football Club for sixteen months between April 2007 and August 2008 , and spent 23 years on the board of directors . Craig first joined the board of the football club in 1986 , when Denis Dunford became chairman , and later became vice-chairman when Dunford 's son Geoff Dunford succeeded him . When Dunford Jr. stepped down in April 2007 Craig took over as chairman until Nick Higgs took the position in 2008 , and after this he remained on the board of directors until his death late in 2009 . While at Bristol Rovers he had a special interest in the community and youth football departments of the club , but was forced to step back from his role after suffering a heart attack in February 2009 . Although he recovered from this , he died in November 2009 following a short illness .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "58a5d738bf4ad73fda6a052e5d7ae9f5",
"text": "Andy Milligan Andy Milligan ( February 12 , 1929 -- June 3 , 1991 ) was an American playwright , screenwriter , cinematographer , actor , film editor , producer , and director , whose work includes 27 films made between 1965 and 1988 . In spite of the fact that he directed a number of films that have become cult favorites with horror movie buffs , he died in abject poverty in 1991 from AIDS and was buried in an unmarked pauper 's grave in Los Angeles , California .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "99db4052e17edf920abfa4ab1eb53527",
"text": "Reggie Williams (cricketer) Richard Charles James ( `` Reggie '' ) Williams ( born 8 August 1969 ) is a former English cricketer . He was a left-handed batsman and wicket-keeper who played for Gloucestershire in 44 first-class matches in a career that spanned 1990 to 2001 . Having made his Second XI championship debut in 1988 , where he participated in a three-day draw against Kent . He played in the second team for the next three years , until he appeared for Gloucestershire against Glamorgan in July 1990 . He went without a batting or bowling appearance throughout the match , as the game was reduced to a single innings per side . Appearing extensively throughout the second XI championship over the next seven years , he would wait until 2001 until he was able to get a regular first team place , as Jack Russell prevented him from claiming a place in the team . He retired from first-class cricket in 2001 having seen eleven years as a second-team wicket-keeper for a strong Gloucestershire side . He can now be found coaching rackets and cricket with Dr Waller at Clifton College .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5ad224d98ea13733da4f04d6e80bbc94",
"text": "Jayhawkers (film) Jayhawkers is an American sports drama/biographical film directed by Kevin Willmott , following the life of Wilt Chamberlain , Phog Allen , and the 1956 Kansas Jayhawks basketball team .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7a8d4c0b38e7d64c378cbccecac602e7",
"text": "Starshot (target) Starshot is a huge `` half-circle target '' that was designed as a new way to enjoy clay target skeet shooting . Invented in Scotland in the 1980s , the structure stands almost 30 feet high and is divided into 12 scoring segments . Clay targets are released on command and the shooter 's score is valued according to the zone in which the target is broken . Some Mobile units were made to be towed behind a vehicle and sold in the UK . ESPN ran a program with the same name - Starshot , in the late 80s and early 90s , with two teams of two playing against each other , with one person on each team being a professional marksman , and the other person being a popular athlete or celebrity of the time ( usually one who did have some experience with guns though ) . Celebrities included Rollie Fingers and Blair Underwood . The BBC also started a series of TV programmes on the same format , with the first based at Hever Castle in Kent . The series was cancelled after the second programme which was based in Hungerford and recorded just one week before the Hungerford massacre in August , 1987 . Celebrities such as the cricketer Ian Botham and Jackie Stewart appeared on the show . Commentary was by David Vine , and the programme produced by Peter Hylton Cleaver . A Welsh-language version titled `` Shotolau '' was broadcast by S4C in the early 1990s . The equipment was refurbished in 2011 and toured at game fairs and other events in the UK , with a Championship being held in 2012 and 2013 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8086c87a76761e58ff69f1d3b06a5f61",
"text": "Angelo Savoldi Mario Louis Fornini , Sr. ( April 21 , 1914 -- September 20 , 2013 ) was an American professional wrestler and wrestling promoter , better known professionally as Angelo Savoldi . At the time of his death , he was known as the world 's oldest retired wrestler at the age of 99 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "69831e90195f1f85bda68d86ee01fbc7",
"text": "Newt Arnold Newt Arnold ( February 22 , 1922 -- February 12 , 2000 ) was an American film director , producer and screenwriter . Arnold directed Bloodsport , which was released in 1988 and has since become a cult film and several other screen works . Arnold was the two-time recipient of the Directors Guild of America Award for his work as an assistant director of The Godfather Part II and 12 Angry Men .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "38f6c6e89b1b726d6fc31de7ba413ca5",
"text": "Gerd Oswald Gerd Oswald ( June 9 , 1919 -- May 22 , 1989 ) was a director of American films and television .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d17ee1f9d0e9b40df6f3a6003ad20acc",
"text": "George Allen (Australian footballer) George Leslie Allen ( born 1948-49 , died 21 March 1971 ) was an Australian rules footballer who played with Sunshine in the Victorian Football Association . He was a prolific goalkicker during his brief career , but he died suddenly during a preseason game at the age of 22 . Allen played his entire career with the Sunshine Football Club in the VFA . After playing some Under-16s football with the club from as early as 1961 , he became a permanent member of the club 's Thirds ( Under-19s ) team in 1966 , where he kicked 98 goals to be the VFA Thirds Division 2 leading goalkicker . The following year , aged 18 , he played for the Seconds , and was again the VFA 's Division 2 leading goalkicker . He played his first two senior games for Sunshine in 1967 , and another eight games in 1968 , before becoming a permanent member of the senior team in 1969 . He immediately established himself as one of the Association 's best full forwards , and he was the VFA 's Division 2 leading goalkicker in each of 1969 and 1970 , kicking 99 and 80 goals respectively -- to give him a total of four leading goalkicker awards , across different grades , in just five seasons . In his senior career , he played 49 games and kicked 214 goals . On Sunday 21 March , late in the first quarter of a pre-season practice match between Sunshine and Benalla in Benalla , Allen suddenly collapsed and died on the field . He had crashed heavily to the ground on his side in a marking contest a few minutes earlier , but had returned to full forward and shown no ill-effects from the contest until his collapse . He was 22 years old . Outside football , Allen worked in the Newport Workshops .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "19c87c96dac5f6fc83a2b7ba0305b475",
"text": "Death Faces Death Faces , also released as Death Faces IV , also ` Dying : Last seconds of Life ' , and ( in a re edited version ) ` Beyond Reality ' , is a mockumentary about cannibalism released directly to video originally in 1988 . Narrated by `` Prof. Bizarro Blackstone '' , the film is actually footage from various horror films about cannibalism , and newsreel footage of Bonnie and Clyde , John Dillinger , Adolf Hitler . One sequence involves the Kikuyu tribes people of Kenya , ( the film incorrectly says that they are from Papua New Guinea ) as well as various stock car crashes , and the John F. Kennedy assassination . The direction is credited to `` Countess Victoria Bloodhart '' and Steve White , the writing to `` S. Sebastian Shock '' , the direction and production to `` Damian B. Gravenhorse PhD . '' , with one segment credited to producer `` Mink De Ronda '' . It was re edited and re released as Beyond Reality , which is credited to Steve White . There are no other technical credits given to the film . With the exception of a few brief scenes , the entire video is in black and white . Footage from this video was later edited into Banned from Facez , parts 3 and 4 . A sequel was also released straight to video : ` Dying : Last Seconds of Life , Part II ' , also in 1988 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f53eee0fd1d51faa51e060d7cdeb4afe",
"text": "Brian Johnston Brian Alexander Johnston CBE , MC ( 24 June 1912 -- 5 January 1994 ) , affectionately known as Johnners , was a British cricket commentator , author , and television presenter . He was most prominently associated with the BBC during a career which lasted from 1946 until his death in January 1994 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e076a26474b8b339fbb7e5d39b247a47",
"text": "A Sporting Chance (1919 Pathe film) A Sporting Chance is a surviving 1919 American silent drama film directed by Henry King and produced by starring William Russell . It was distributed through Pathé Exchange . It is not to be confused with another film released a month later by Paramount called A Sporting Chance starring Ethel Clayton which is lost .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "65965fee2e2a41c888fd106c7dac1b82",
"text": "Brian Piccolo Louis Brian Piccolo ( October 31 , 1943 -- June 16 , 1970 ) was a professional American football player , a running back for the Chicago Bears of the National Football League ( NFL ) for four years . He died at age 26 from embryonal cell carcinoma , an aggressive form of germ cell testicular cancer , first diagnosed after it had spread to his chest cavity . Piccolo was the subject of the 1971 TV movie Brian 's Song , with a remake ( of the same title ) TV movie filmed in 2001 . He was portrayed in the original film by James Caan and by Sean Maher in the 2001 remake .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6d332e5fd29d1a123a5a473e2c846454",
"text": "Michael Thomas (footballer, born 1967) Michael Lauriston Thomas ( born 24 August 1967 ) is an English former professional footballer who played as a midfielder from 1986 to 2001 . He is best remembered for scoring a last-minute goal in injury time during the final match of the 1988 -- 89 season , which allowed Arsenal to claim the First Division title over Liverpool . Later in his career , Thomas went on to play for Liverpool and scored a goal for the Reds in the 1992 FA Cup Final . He also had spells at Benfica and Wimbledon before retiring in 2001 , after a career that saw him win medals in all of English football 's top three domestic football trophies . He was capped twice by England .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9c5f92b2b95743a9a3950ea09d0a8bf2",
"text": "Eddie Quigley Edward `` Eddie '' Quigley ( 13 July 1921 -- 18 April 1997 ) was an English football player and manager . He was born in Bury , Lancashire , the son of Edward and Martha ( née Rowley ) Quigley . He scored 179 goals from 337 appearances in the Football League playing as a centre-forward for Bury , Sheffield Wednesday , Preston North End and Blackburn Rovers in the post World War II era . He was transferred from Sheffield Wednesday to Preston for a fee of # 26,500 , which was at the time a British transfer record . He managed Blackburn Rovers and Stockport County . He died in Blackpool in 1997 at the age of 75 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
e44378516ffb8d7c78fd825b6bdf48dd | The Coen brothers directed a film. | [
{
"docid": "3a73913f267efa2c186bc0bd24a56df1",
"text": "A Serious Man A Serious Man is a 2009 black comedy-drama film written , produced , edited and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen . The film stars Michael Stuhlbarg as a Minnesota Jewish man whose life crumbles both professionally and personally , leading him to questions about his faith . The film attracted a positive critical response , including a Golden Globe nomination for Stuhlbarg , a place on both the American Film Institute 's and National Board of Review 's Top 10 Film Lists of 2009 , and a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Picture .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d5b2496f381d306117293124b7bdb7fe",
"text": "Fargo (film) Fargo is a 1996 American black comedy crime thriller film written , produced , edited , and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen . Frances McDormand stars as a pregnant Minnesota police chief investigating roadside homicides that ensue after a desperate car salesman ( William H. Macy ) hires two criminals ( Steve Buscemi and Peter Stormare ) to kidnap his wife in order to extort a hefty ransom from his wealthy father-in-law ( Harve Presnell ) . Fargo premiered at the 1996 Cannes Film Festival , where Joel Coen won the festival 's Prix de la mise en scène ( Best Director Award ) and the film was nominated for the Palme d'Or . A critical and commercial success , Fargo received seven Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture . McDormand received the Best Actress Oscar , and the Coens won in the Best Original Screenplay category . The film was selected in 2006 for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as `` culturally , historically , or aesthetically significant '' -- one of only six films so designated in its first year of eligibility . The American Film Institute named it one of the 100 greatest American movies of all time in 1998 . A Coen-produced FX television series of the same name , inspired by Fargo and taking place in the same universe , started in 2014 and was critically acclaimed .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "85f790478e0876d35ea4a0eb127e7a64",
"text": "Coen brothers Joel David Coen ( born November 29 , 1954 ) and Ethan Jesse Coen ( born September 21 , 1957 ) , collectively referred to as the Coen brothers , are American filmmakers . Their films span many genres and styles , which they frequently subvert or parody . Their best-reviewed works include Fargo ( 1996 ) , The Big Lebowski ( 1998 ) , No Country for Old Men ( 2007 ) , A Serious Man ( 2009 ) , True Grit ( 2010 ) , and Inside Llewyn Davis ( 2013 ) . The brothers write , direct and produce their films jointly , although until The Ladykillers ( 2004 ) Joel received sole credit for directing and Ethan for producing . They often alternate top billing for their screenplays while sharing editing credits under the alias Roderick Jaynes . They have been nominated for thirteen Academy Awards together , and individually for one award each , winning Best Original Screenplay for Fargo and Best Picture , Best Director and Best Adapted Screenplay for No Country for Old Men . The duo also won the Palme d'Or for Barton Fink and were nominated for Fargo . The Coen brothers have written a number of films they did not direct , including the biographical war drama Unbroken ( 2014 ) , the historical legal thriller Bridge of Spies ( 2015 ) , and lesser-known , commercially unsuccessful comedies such as Crimewave ( 1985 ) , The Naked Man ( 1998 ) and Gambit ( 2012 ) . Ethan is also a writer of short stories , theater and poetry . The brothers 's films No Country for Old Men , A Serious Man and Inside Llewyn Davis have been ranked in the BBC 's 2016 poll of the greatest motion pictures since 2000 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "74c610df3049aae6b167ad609f413b62",
"text": "Barton Fink Barton Fink is a 1991 American period film written , produced , directed and edited by the Coen brothers . Set in 1941 , it stars John Turturro in the title role as a young New York City playwright who is hired to write scripts for a film studio in Hollywood , and John Goodman as Charlie , the insurance salesman who lives next door at the run-down Hotel Earle . The Coens wrote the screenplay for Barton Fink in three weeks while experiencing difficulty during the writing of Miller 's Crossing . They began filming the former soon after Miller 's Crossing was finished . The film is influenced by works of several earlier directors , particularly Roman Polanski 's Repulsion ( 1965 ) and The Tenant ( 1976 ) . Barton Fink had its premiere at the Cannes Film Festival in May 1991 . In a rare sweep , it won the Palme d'Or , as well as awards for Best Director and Best Actor ( Turturro ) . Although the film was a box office bomb , only grossing $ 6 million against its $ 9 million budget , it received positive reviews and was nominated for three Academy Awards . Prominent themes of Barton Fink include the writing process ; slavery and conditions of labor in creative industries ; superficial distinctions between high culture and low culture ; and the relationship of intellectuals with `` the common man '' . The diverse elements of the film have led it to defy efforts at genre classification , with the work being variously referred to as a film noir , a horror film , a Künstlerroman , and a buddy film . It contains various literary allusions and religious overtones , as well as references to many real-life people and events -- most notably the writers Clifford Odets and William Faulkner , of whom the characters of Barton Fink and W. P. Mayhew are often seen as fictional representations . Several features of the film 's narrative , particularly an image of a woman at the beach which recurs throughout , have sparked much commentary , with the Coens acknowledging some intentional symbolic elements while denying an attempt to communicate any single message in the film . Despite disagreement around certain details of the work , Barton Fink continues to be positively received , with screenwriter Charlie Kaufman among its admirers .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "f8ab939347cad89e775eeede05965d46",
"text": "Joel Moss Levinson Joel Moss Levinson is a writer , comedian from Yellow Springs , Ohio . He often collaborates with his older brother , Stephen Levinson , as the Levinson Brothers . The pair were a part of TedX Dayton 2014 , speaking about successful collaboration . Along with their third partner , CONAN and former Daily Show writer Rob Kutner , the Levinson Brothers released `` 2776 '' a comedy/musical album benefitting the charity OneKid OneWorld . Featuring Aimee Mann , Patton Oswalt , Ed Helms , Ashanti , Reggie Watts , Ira Glass , Nina Totenberg , Will Forte , Rebirth Brass Band , Yo La Tengo , Margaret Cho , Neko Case , Kelly Hogan , Dick Cavett , Dick Gregory , k.d. lang , Will Arnett , Alex Trebek and more , the album appeared briefly on the Billboard Comedy charts . The album 's liner notes were written by George Saunders and appeared in the New Yorker Joel composed the music for all but two of the 28 tracks . n 2012 , the Levinson Brothers and Rob Kutner released an EP called `` It 's OK To Do Stuff '' in celebration of the 40th anniversary of `` Free To Be You And Me . '' Made up of songs satirizing the original with songs about gender , childhood , equality and relationships . `` It 's Okay to Do Stuff is first and foremost meant to be funny -- and it is , most of the time . Here , the earnestness of Free to Be is replaced with satire , but irony is the ethos of our age , remember ? '' The album features Lizzy Caplan , Fred Willard , Jane Weidlin , Steven Page , Colin Hanks , Fred Stoller , Eddie Pepitone , Eugene Mirman and others . Joel gained national attention in 2008 as an Internet personality who professionally wins consumer generated marketing contests , and earned more than money and prizes , by creating corporate jingles and short commercials . Levinson grew up in Dayton , Ohio . His father Jim was a prosecutor and his mother was a writer . He attended George Washington University for a few semesters . He worked for the KIO ( Kentucky , Indiana , Ohio ) region for BBYO and traveled the country as a song leader for the organization . In November 2008 , he appeared on The Tonight Show to talk about his contest winnings . Joel was named an Access Hollywood Rising Star on December 1 , 2008 . In 2009 he appeared on CBS News with Katie Couric .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "33ff358c6c45830f223786c3b0d5fa37",
"text": "Dreamscape (1984 film) Dreamscape is a 1984 American science-fiction adventure horror film directed by Joseph Ruben and written by David Loughery , with Chuck Russell and Ruben co-writing .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d2060c308718e50d560ebcb8ef91d2dd",
"text": "The Believers The Believers is a 1987 American neo-noir thriller film directed by John Schlesinger , released in 1987 and starring Martin Sheen , Robert Loggia and Helen Shaver . It is based on the 1982 novel The Religion by Nicholas Conde .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ab38fc0a9931ba848422b711734482bc",
"text": "They (2002 film) They ( also known as Wes Craven Presents : They ) is a 2002 American supernatural horror film directed by Robert Harmon . The plot centers on a group of four adults named Julia Lund , Sam Burnside , Terry Alba , and Billy Parks and their experience with the phenomenon of night terrors and the impact they had on their lives as children and how they come back to haunt them as adults . The film was produced by Ted Field , Tom Engleman , and Wes Craven who served as executive producer . The film stars Laura Regan , Ethan Embry , Dagmara Dominczyk , Jay Brazeau , and Marc Blucas . The title is a reference to the fact that the creatures are only referred to as `` They '' as their origins are ambiguous . The film was a box office bomb and had lukewarm reviews from critics .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9644aee915a6d96e76d4acec602f536f",
"text": "Brothers (2009 film) Brothers is a 2009 American psychological war drama film and a remake of Susanne Bier 's Danish film Brødre ( 2004 ) , which takes place in Afghanistan and Denmark . The film stars Tobey Maguire , Jake Gyllenhaal , and Natalie Portman , and is directed by Jim Sheridan . Both films take inspiration from Homer 's epic poem , the Odyssey . The film received a mixed to positive response and grossed $ 43 million . Tobey Maguire received particular praise for his performance and received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Drama for his performance .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ce37dbcc323b056860ac87e7f3c05e02",
"text": "Orion Pictures Orion Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture producer and distributor that produced and released films from 1978 until 1999 , and was also involved in television production and syndication throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s . It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists . Although it was never a large motion picture producer , Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood quality . Woody Allen , James Cameron , Jonathan Demme , Oliver Stone , and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992 . Of the films distributed by Orion , four won Academy Awards for Best Picture : Amadeus ( 1984 ) , Platoon ( 1986 ) , Dances with Wolves ( 1990 ) , and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . Two other Orion films , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) and Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) , were nominated for that same category . In 2013 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television ; a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "20ab60a27c5cf6d45dd9f0807ac016ef",
"text": "We Are Brothers We Are Brothers is a 2014 South Korean film directed by Jang Jin .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8480c5e580b656b9082aaf620a848fcf",
"text": "Cousins (1989 film) Cousins is a 1989 American romantic comedy film directed by Joel Schumacher and starring Ted Danson , Isabella Rossellini , Sean Young , William Petersen , Keith Coogan , Lloyd Bridges and Norma Aleandro . The film is an American remake of the 1975 French comedy Cousin Cousine , directed by Jean-Charles Tacchella . It was filmed in Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada but set in Seattle .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "420198a647d98cb9416ac351cfa70aeb",
"text": "Phantoms (film) Phantoms is a 1998 American science fiction horror film adapted from Dean Koontz 's 1983 novel of the same name . Directed by Joe Chappelle with a screenplay by Koontz , the film stars Peter O'Toole , Rose McGowan , Joanna Going , Liev Schreiber , Ben Affleck , Nicky Katt , and Clifton Powell . The film takes place in the peaceful town of Snowfield , Colorado , where something evil has wiped out the community . It is up to a group of people to stop it or at least get out of Snowfield alive .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "514d590303218fe51ffe6d956018732a",
"text": "The Virginian (1946 film) The Virginian is a 1946 American Western film directed by Stuart Gilmore and starring Joel McCrea , Brian Donlevy , Sonny Tufts , and Barbara Britton . Based on the Owen Wister novel of the same name , the film was adapted from the popular 1904 theatrical play Wister had collaborated on with playwright Kirke La Shelle . The Virginian is about an eastern school teacher who comes to Medicine Bow in Wyoming and encounters life on the frontier . The film is a remake of the 1929 movie with Gary Cooper and Walter Huston . There have been several versions of the story , beginning with a 1914 film directed by Cecil B. DeMille and including a 1960s television series that bore little relation to the book other than the title . The film was originally distributed by Paramount Pictures .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1ba79b6132cccd824a07d9701c986249",
"text": "O Brother, Where Art Thou? O Brother , Where Art Thou ? is a 2000 adventure film written , produced , and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen , and starring George Clooney , John Turturro , and Tim Blake Nelson , with John Goodman , Holly Hunter , and Charles Durning in supporting roles . Set in 1937 rural Mississippi during the Great Depression , the film 's story is a modern satire loosely based on Homer 's epic poem , Odyssey . The title of the film is a reference to the 1941 film Sullivan 's Travels , in which the protagonist ( a director ) wants to film O Brother , Where Art Thou ? , a fictional book about the Great Depression . Much of the music used in the film is period folk music , including that of Virginia bluegrass singer Ralph Stanley . The movie was one of the first to extensively use digital color correction , to give the film an autumnal , sepia-tinted look . The film received positive reviews , and the American folk music soundtrack won a Grammy for Album of the Year in 2001 . The original band soon became popular after the film release and the country and folk musicians who were dubbed into the film , such as John Hartford , Alison Krauss , Emmylou Harris , Gillian Welch , Chris Sharp , and others , joined together to perform the music from the film in a Down from the Mountain concert tour which was filmed for TV and DVD .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "13391941c2be9faec97eedc0cc0ce7ca",
"text": "George Washington (film) George Washington is a 2000 American drama film written and directed by David Gordon Green . Its story centers on a group of children in a depressed small town in North Carolina who band together to cover up a tragic mistake . Although it was not widely seen due to having had a very limited release , the film received wide praise from critics .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "be2c3c2afb07f8d615f21dd247b70058",
"text": "Raising Helen Raising Helen is a 2004 American comedy-drama film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Jack Amiel and Michael Begler . It stars Kate Hudson , John Corbett , Joan Cusack , Hayden Panettiere , siblings Spencer and Abigail Breslin , and Helen Mirren . It grossed $ 37,486,138 at the U.S. box office .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "79be731cf527f945acee9d6e6f1b7868",
"text": "Lila & Eve Lila & Eve is a 2015 American crime drama film directed by Charles Stone III and written by Patrick Gilfillan . The film stars Viola Davis and Jennifer Lopez . It premiered on January 30 , 2015 , at the Sundance Film Festival . The film was released in North America on July 17 , 2015 , in a limited release and through video on demand by Samuel Goldwyn Films . This marks the second time Davis and Lopez acted in a film together , the first being the Steven Soderbergh film Out of Sight in 1998 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3cf777bb37ee96a0c3f614f975235b99",
"text": "Tron Tron is a 1982 American science fiction action-adventure film written and directed by Steven Lisberger , based on a story by Lisberger and Bonnie MacBird and produced by Walt Disney Productions . The film stars Jeff Bridges as a computer programmer who is transported inside the software world of a mainframe computer where he interacts with programs in his attempt to escape . Bruce Boxleitner , David Warner , Cindy Morgan , and Barnard Hughes star in supporting roles . Development of Tron began in 1976 when Lisberger became fascinated with the early video game Pong . He and producer Donald Kushner set up an animation studio to develop Tron with the intention of making it an animated film . Indeed , to promote the studio itself , Lisberger and his team created a 30-second animation featuring the first appearance of the eponymous character . Eventually , Lisberger decided to include live-action elements with both backlit and computer animation for the actual feature-length film . Various film studios had rejected the storyboards for the film before Walt Disney Studios agreed to finance and distribute Tron . There , backlit animation was finally combined with the computer animation and live action . Tron was released on July 9 , 1982 in 1,091 theaters in the United States . The film was a moderate success at the box office , and received positive reviews from critics who praised the groundbreaking visuals and acting . However , the storyline was criticized at the time for being incoherent . Tron received nominations for Best Costume Design and Best Sound at the 55th Academy Awards , and received the Academy Award for Technical Achievement fourteen years later . Over time , Tron developed into a cult film and eventually spawned a franchise , which consists of multiple video games , comic books and an animated television series . A sequel titled Tron : Legacy directed by Joseph Kosinski was released on December 17 , 2010 , with Bridges and Boxleitner reprising their roles , and Lisberger acting as producer .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fcc258d0d4f36e716841a2daa6f30302",
"text": "Devil's Knot (film) Devil 's Knot is a 2013 American biographical crime film directed by Atom Egoyan . The film is based on a true story as told in Mara Leveritt 's 2002 book of the same name , concerning three teenagers known as the West Memphis Three , who were convicted of killing three young boys during the Satanic ritual abuse panic . They were subsequently sentenced to death ( Echols ) and life imprisonment ( Baldwin and Misskelley ) . Produced by Elizabeth Fowler , Richard Saperstein , Clark Peterson , Christopher Woodrow , and Paul Harris Boardman , the film stars Colin Firth , Reese Witherspoon , Mireille Enos , Dane DeHaan , Kevin Durand , Bruce Greenwood , Stephen Moyer , Elias Koteas , Amy Ryan , and Alessandro Nivola . The film premiered at the 2013 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2013 , followed by a wider release later that year . The film had a limited release in Canadian theaters on January 24 , 2014 , and was released in U.S. theaters and video on demand services on May 9 , 2014 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f6e4c9d7895fffe45a323a716e229026",
"text": "Paranoid Park (film) Paranoid Park is a 2007 American-French drama film written and directed by Gus Van Sant . The film is based on the novel of the same name by Blake Nelson and takes place in Portland , Oregon . It stars Gabe Nevins as a teenage skateboarder who accidentally kills a security guard . Van Sant wrote the draft script in two days after reading and deciding to adapt Nelson 's novel . To cast the film 's youths , Van Sant posted an open casting call on social networking website MySpace inviting teenagers to audition for speaking roles , as well as experienced skateboarders to act as extras . Filming began in October 2006 and took place at various locations in and around Portland . Scenes at the fictional Eastside Skatepark were filmed at Burnside Skatepark which was , like Eastside , built illegally by skateboarders . Paranoid Park premiered on May 21 , at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival and was given a limited release on March 7 , 2008 . It grossed over US$ 4,481,000 from its $ 3 million budget . The film received mostly positive reviews ; some critics praised the direction and cinematography in particular , though others believed the film to be overly stylized and slow paced . It won one Independent Spirit Award , two Boston Society of Film Critics awards and the Cannes Film Festival 's special 60th anniversary prize .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8",
"text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f989b31194417efcb528494f8b7b56e2",
"text": "A Simple Plan (film) A Simple Plan is a 1998 American neo-noir crime thriller film adapted by Scott B. Smith from his 1993 novel of the same name . Directed by Sam Raimi , the film stars Bill Paxton , Billy Bob Thornton and Bridget Fonda . Set in rural Minnesota , the story follows Hank Mitchell ( Paxton ) and his brother Jacob ( Thornton ) , who , along with Jacob 's friend Lou ( Brent Briscoe ) , discover a crashed plane containing $ 4.4 million in cash . The three men go to great lengths to keep the money a secret but begin to doubt each other 's trust , resulting in lies , deceit and murder . Development of the film began in 1993 before the novel was published . Mike Nichols purchased the film rights , and the project was picked up by an independent film studio , Savoy Pictures . After Nichols stepped down , the film adaptation became mired in development hell ; during the troubled pre-production , Ben Stiller and John Dahl turned down opportunities to direct the film . After Savoy closed in November 1995 , the project was sold to Paramount Pictures . John Boorman was hired to direct , but scheduling conflicts led to his replacement by Raimi . Principal photography began in January 1998 and concluded in March after 55 days ; filming took place in Wisconsin and Minnesota . The score was produced and composed by Danny Elfman . A Simple Plan premiered at the 1998 Toronto International Film Festival , where it was met with critical acclaim . The film 's appearance at the festival preceded a limited release in the United States on December 11 , 1998 , followed by a general release in North America on January 22 , 1999 . It underperformed at the North American box office , grossing $ 16.3 million on a $ 17 million production budget . Reviewers praised various aspects of the film 's production , including the storytelling , performances and Raimi 's direction . A Simple Plan earned multiple awards and nominations , among them two Academy Award nominations for Best Supporting Actor ( Thornton ) and Best Adapted Screenplay ( Smith ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b78cb755c23d169b615cfd80e455b586",
"text": "Aban and Khorshid Aban and Khorshid ( original title -- Aban + Khorshid ) is a 2014 American gay drama film written and directed by Darwin Serink . The short film included in the DVD Boys On Film 14 : Worlds Collide .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
6263acfcb453c2ef37b1d30a2b1c95fc | Night Attack at Târgovişte was ended by Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire. | [
{
"docid": "41bde86df8975da6d3f10883b09f6c99",
"text": "Night Attack at Târgovişte The Night Attack of Târgovişte ( Atacul de noapte de la Târgovişte , Tirgovişte Baskını ) was a battle fought between forces of Vlad III the Impaler of Wallachia and Mehmed II of the Ottoman Empire on Thursday , June 17 , 1462 . The conflict initially started with Vlad 's refusal to pay the jizya ( tax on non-Muslims ) to the Sultan and intensified when Vlad Ţepeş invaded Bulgaria and impaled over 23,000 Turks . Mehmed then raised a great army with the objective to conquer Wallachia and annex it to his empire . The two leaders fought a series of skirmishes , the most notable one being the Night Attack where Vlad Ţepeş attacked the Turkish camp in the night in an attempt to kill Mehmed . The assassination attempt failed , and Mehmed marched to the Wallachian capital of Târgovişte , where he discovered another some 20,000 impaled Turks . The Sultan and his troops then sailed to Brăila and burned it to the ground before retreating to Adrianople . Both sides would claim victory : while Pope Pius II proclaimed Vlad Ţepeş ' campaign a victory for Christianity , Mehmed II 's forces returned home with many captured slaves , horses and cattle .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "3a310ba2e4119d7814de095a1ce051f6",
"text": "Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha Kıbrıslı Mehmed Emin Pasha ( `` Mehmed Emin Pasha the Cypriot '' ; 1813 -- 1871 ) , was an Ottoman statesman of Turkish Cypriot origin who served at the top post of grand vizier during three different times under the reign of the sultan Abdülmecid I. His uncle was in charge of Mahmud II 's private treasury , secured him for palace service while he was young , and he then entered the Hassa regiment ( 1833 -- 1834 ) . He then studied abroad , in France , at the Sultan 's expense . He served in a military capacity , as serasker , in Acre ( 1844 -- 1845 ) , Jerusalem ( 1845 -- 1847 ; during which time he suppressed a serious Bedouin revolt ) , Tirnova ( 1847 ) , and then Belgrade ( 1847 -- 1848 ) . During this period , many rumours circulated about his mismanagement practices , but they were dismissed by the Sultan as gossip . He was appointed as a vizier in 1848 . In 1850 -- 51 , Mehmed Emin served as governor of the Eyalet of Aleppo , at the end of which he was appointed müşir ( field marshal ) , in the province of Syria . His periods of administration were for the first term between 29 May and 23 November 1854 , the second term between 18 November 1859 and 24 December 1859 , and for the last term between 28 May 1860 and 6 August 1861 . As such , he was also the last grand vizier under Abdülmecid . He is not to be confused with a notable and contemporary namesake , Emin Pasha , the explorer of Sudan , a German Jewish possible convert to Islam who had entered the service of the Ottoman Empire , or with other past notables of the same name ( see Mehmed Emin Pasha ( disambiguation ) ) . Like many other prominent Ottoman statesmen of the Tanzimat period , Mehmed Emin Pasha rose from the Dragoman 's office ( Tercüme Odası ) , largely Turkified by the 19th century , and climbing through the foreign office of the Ottoman Empire , held consecutive ambassadorial and governorship posts . Mehmed Emin Pasha died in his yalı in Kandilli , Istanbul , in 1871 . After his death , his wife , Melek Hanım , wrote her memoirs of the harem , in the 19th century context of that institution , as well as a controversial account of the high spheres of the Ottoman society , published in New York City in 1874 , treating much the same period as the memoirs of Leyla Saz , written much later in the 1920s .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4b1dc6b0fc39f2a4ebfc0c1a31f41fd5",
"text": "Demetrios Palaiologos Kantakouzenos Demetrios Palaiologos Kantakouzenos ( flourished 1420-1453 ) was the mesazon ( chief minister ) of the Emperors John VIII Palaiologos and his brother , Constantine XI . His colleague in the office as mesazon was Loukas Notaras . Demetrios first appears in history as one of the courtiers who advised John VIII to support the Ottoman prince Mustafa in his bid to seize control of the Ottoman Empire on the death of his brother Mehmet I in 1421 . When Mehmet 's son Murat emerged as the victor , he was selected as one of the envoys ( the other two being Matthew Laskaris and Angelos Philomattes ) to meet with Murat . The Sultan showed his annoyance that the Byzantines had supported his uncle by putting them in prison ; none of them were released until the conclusion of a treaty between John VIII and Murat in February 1424 . He played other prominent roles in diplomatic affairs as mesazon to the two emperors . He was a witness to John 's treaties with the Republic of Venice in September 1423 , May 1431 , October 1436 , September 1442 , and July 1447 . He also played a heroic part in the final defense of Constantinople ; according to Donald Nicol , he commanded a unit of 700 men stationed in the neighborhood of the Church of the Holy Apostles with his son-in-law Nikephoros Palaiologos , while Steven Runciman assigns him to a command of a portion of the Theodosian Walls next to the Sea of Marmora . Demetrios ' fate following the fall of Constantinople to Sultan Mehmet II 's army is unclear . Du Cange writes that he and his son-in-law were killed defending the city ; Steven Runciman writes that Demetrios was captured alive . Donald Nicol notes that a Demetrios Kantakouzenos is recorded as escaping from the fallen city , with his family and other refugees , on the ship of the Genoese admiral Zorzi Doria . Doria took them as far as Chios , where the Venetian captain Thomas Celsi gave them passage to Candia ( modern Heraklion ) in Crete . Nicol also mentions the record of the daughter of `` one Demetrios Kantakouzenos and his wife Simonis Gadelina , called Maria '' marrying Theodore , the son of Paul Palaiologos , in Corfu in November 1486 . Nicol offers no information on the names of Demetrios Palaiologos Kantakouzenos ' parents , although he states that Demetrios was the cousin of Emperor John VIII . The name of his wife has not come down to us , although he had a daughter who , as mentioned above , married Nikephoros Palaiologos , and Demetrios is presumed to be the father of a protostrator Kantakouzenos who was executed along with Loukas Notaras and Andronikos Palaiologos Kantakouzenos five days after the capture of the city .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "61d3135f7a285254462bbc83765e1730",
"text": "Ibn Kemal Şemseddin Ahmed ( 1468 -- 1536 ) , better known by his pen name Ibn Kemal or Kemalpaşazâde ( `` son of Kemal Pasha '' ) , was an Ottoman historian , Sheikh ul-Islam , lawyer and poet . He was born into a distinguished military family in Edirne and as a young man he served in the army and later studied at various madrasas and became the Kadı of Edirne in 1515 . He became a highly respected scholar and was commissioned by the Ottoman ruler Bayezid II to write an Ottoman history ( Tevarih-i Al-i Osman , `` The Chronicles of the House of Osman '' ) . During the reign of Selim I , in 1516 , he was appointed as military judge of Anatolia and accompanied the Ottoman army to Egypt . During the reign of Suleiman I he was appointed as the Sheikh ul-Islam , i.e. supreme head of the Muslim ulema , a post which he held until his death .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c17398ae997708bab5b5ac7b6abdb89e",
"text": "Règlement Organique (Mount Lebanon) The Règlement Organique ( `` Organic Regulation '' ) was a series of international conventions , between 1860 and 1864 , between the Ottoman Empire and the European Powers , which led to the creation of the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate . The 1860 Lebanon conflict led France to intervene and stop the massacre after Ottoman troops had been aiding Islamic forces by either direct support or by disarming Christian forces . France , led by Napoleon III , recalled its ancient role as protector of Christians in the Ottoman Empire which was established in a treaty in 1523 . Following the massacre and an international outcry , the Ottoman Empire agreed on 3 August 1860 to the dispatch of up to 12,000 European soldiers to reestablish order . The region of Syria was then part of the Ottoman Empire . The agreement was further formalized in a convention on 5 September 1860 with Austria , Great Britain , France , Prussia and Russia . France was to supply half of that number , and other countries were to send supplementary forces as needed . The agreement was signed in Paris on 5 September 1860 . An important consequence of the French expedition was the establishment of the autonomy of the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate from Syria , with the nomination by the Sultan of an Armenian Christian Governor from Constantinople named Daud Pasha on 9 June 1861 . On the same day , through a further agreement , termed the Beyoglu Protocol , signed between the Ottoman Empire and the European Powers in Beyoğlu , Istanbul , gave that agreement international recognition . The protocol was introduced initially for a period of three years . In September 1864 , a further convention was signed , which confirmed the permanent character of the statute and made minor changes to it . An additional Maronite district was formed and the council under the governor was reorganised ( it now had twelve members-four Maronites , three Druzes , three Greek Orthodoxes and Greek Uniates , one Sunnite and one Shi'a ) . The Règlement Organique of Lebanon remained in that form up till 1914 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f060a28a986d95990515c4e056d109d3",
"text": "Morean War The Morean War ( Guerra di Morea ) is the better-known name for the Sixth Ottoman -- Venetian War . The war was fought between 1684 -- 1699 , as part of the wider conflict known as the `` Great Turkish War '' , between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman Empire . Military operations ranged from Dalmatia to the Aegean Sea , but the war 's major campaign was the Venetian conquest of the Morea ( Peloponnese ) peninsula in southern Greece . On the Venetian side , the war was fought to avenge the loss of Crete in the Cretan War ( 1645 -- 1669 ) , while the Ottomans were entangled in their northern frontier against the Habsburgs and were unable to concentrate their forces against the Republic . As such , the Morean War holds the distinction of being the only Ottoman -- Venetian conflict from which Venice emerged victorious , gaining significant territory . Venice 's expansionist revival would be short-lived however , as its gains would be reversed by the Ottomans in 1715 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f78a4d44cba47a0806241cf7250f0cd8",
"text": "Ottoman–Venetian Wars Ottoman -- Venetian Wars were a series of conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice that started in 1396 and lasted until 1718 . It included : Venice 's participation in the Crusade of Nicopolis in 1396 A naval conflict in 1415 -- 1419 , which included the Battle of Gallipoli ( 1416 ) The Siege of Thessalonica ( 1422 -- 30 ) , with Venice active from 1423 on , resulting in the capture of Thessalonica by the Ottomans The First Ottoman -- Venetian War ( 1463 -- 1479 ) , resulting in the capture of Negroponte , Lemnos and Albania Veneta by the Ottomans The Second Ottoman -- Venetian War ( 1499 -- 1503 ) , resulting in the capture of the Venetian strongholds in the Morea ( Peloponnese ) by the Ottomans The Third Ottoman -- Venetian War ( 1537 -- 1540 ) , resulting in the capture of the Cyclades except Tinos , the Sporades and the last Venetian strongholds in the Morea ( Peloponnese ) by the Ottomans The Fourth Ottoman -- Venetian War ( 1570 -- 1573 ) , resulting in the capture of Cyprus by the Ottomans , and the defeat of their fleet in the Battle of Lepanto ( 1571 ) The Fifth Ottoman -- Venetian War or the Cretan War ( 1645 -- 69 ) , resulting in the capture of Crete by the Ottomans The Sixth Ottoman -- Venetian War or the Morean War ( 1684 -- 99 ) , resulting in the capture of the Morea ( Peloponnese ) , Lefkada , Aigina and parts of Dalmatia by Venice and the end of Ottoman dominance in the eastern Mediterranean Sea The Seventh and last Ottoman -- Venetian War ( 1714 -- 1718 ) ( also called the Second Morean War ) , resulting in the recapture of the Morea ( Peloponnese ) and of Tinos and Aigina , the last Venetian holdings in the Aegean , by the Ottomans *",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "096a22f6823b414047a80f726c34d237",
"text": "Battle of Pliska The Battle of Pliska or Battle of Vărbitsa Pass was a series of battles between troops , gathered from all parts of the Byzantine Empire , led by the Emperor Nicephorus I Genik , and Bulgaria , governed by Khan Krum . The Byzantines plundered and burned the Bulgar capital Pliska which gave time for the Bulgarians to block passes in the Balkan Mountains that served as exits out of Bulgaria . The final battle took place on 26 July 811 , in some of the passes in the eastern part of the Balkans , most probably the Vărbitsa Pass . There , the Bulgarians used the tactics of ambush and surprise night attacks to effectively trap and immobilize the Byzantine forces , thus annihilating almost the whole army , including the Emperor . After the battle , Krum encased Nicephorus 's skull in silver , and used it as a cup for wine-drinking . This is one of the best documented instances of the custom of the skull cup . The Battle of Pliska was one of the worst defeats in Byzantine history . It deterred Byzantine rulers from sending their troops north of the Balkans for more than 150 years afterwards , which increased the influence and spread of the Bulgarians to the west and south of the Balkan Peninsula , resulting in a great territorial enlargement of the First Bulgarian Empire .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8e8086103db47dcdbea6397f76a2b7c2",
"text": "Battle of Katia The Battle of Katia , also known as the Affair of Qatia by the British , was an engagement fought east of the Suez Canal and north of El Ferdan Station , in the vicinity of Katia and Oghratina , on 23 April 1916 during the Defence of the Suez Canal Campaign of World War I . An Ottoman force led by the German General Friedrich Freiherr Kress von Kressenstein made a surprise attack on three and a half squadrons of the British 5th Mounted Brigade , which was widely scattered to the east of Romani . The mounted brigade had been ordered to the area to protect the new railway and water pipeline being built from Kantara on the Suez Canal , as this infrastructure extended out past the Canal 's zone of defences into the Sinai Peninsula towards Romani . Kress Von Kressenstein 's attack was completely successful , decimating the equivalent of little more than a regiment . On the same day , an associated Ottoman attack on Duidar , very close to the Suez Canal , failed when it met with strong British opposition . Kress von Kressenstein 's force had been active in the area since the First Suez Offensive of early 1915 , when three columns attacked the Canal along the northern , central , and southern routes across the Sinai Peninsula . The growing Imperial strength made attacks on the Suez Canal difficult , and ended the dominance of the Ottoman force in the area . The Ottoman Empire 's attacks on 23 April demonstrated their intention to continue opposing the British Empire in the region . However , the Imperial reaction to these attacks was to double the strength of their forces . The 2nd Light Horse Brigade , and the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade , were sent to Katia and Romani and established a strong Imperial presence over the contested ground . Soon after , the Australian 1st Light Horse Brigade was also sent forward , and the 52nd ( Lowland ) Division arrived at Romani not long after . At the beginning of August , the Battle of Romani was fought over much of the same ground as that at Katia .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fa8d716f244e619a77f030829784cf18",
"text": "Albania under the Ottoman Empire Ottoman Albania comprised Albania during the period it was part of the Ottoman Empire , from 1385 to 1912 . Ottoman rule in Albania began after the Battle of Savra in 1385 when most of the local chieftains became Ottoman vassals . The Ottomans erected their garrisons throughout southern Albania by 1415 and established formal jurisdiction over most of Albania by 1431 . Independence for some Albanian regions was gained during 1443-1479 , with the uprising under the lead of George Kastrioti Skanderbeg . The last towns captured by the Ottomans were Shkodër in 1479 and Durrës in 1501 . The territory which today belongs to the Republic of Albania remained part of the Ottoman Empire until declaring independence in 1912 during the Balkan Wars .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9d5938d9f41cc458c718c7d946965b52",
"text": "Damat Mehmed Ali Pasha Damat Mehmed Ali Pasha ( 1813 -- 1868 ) was an Ottoman statesman and diplomat . He served as the Grand Vizier from October 3 , 1852 to May 14 , 1853 , on the eve of the Crimean War . Along with Fuad Pasha and Mustafa Reşid Pasha , he was one of the main reformers of the Tanzimat era . Mehmed Ali was born in Hemşin , a city along the Black Sea coast in modern Turkey , and was of ethnic Hemshin descent . He was the son of an Istanbul shopkeeper and worked in the translation office of the Ottoman Empire before being made Ottoman ambassador to the United Kingdom at the age of 26 . He married Princess Adile Sultan , the daughter of sultan Mahmud II , and thus became `` Damat '' ( Turkish : bridesgroom ) to the Ottoman dynasty .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bc8e511660bee295bbf6680ac6506426",
"text": "Turkish–Armenian War The Turkish-Armenian war , known in Turkey as the Eastern Operation or Eastern Front ( Doğu Cephesi ) of the Turkish War of Independence , refers to a conflict in the autumn of 1920 between the First Republic of Armenia and the Turkish nationalists , following the signing of the Treaty of Sèvres . After an initial Armenian occupation of what is now eastern Turkey , the army of the Turkish National Movement under Kâzım Karabekir reversed the Armenian gains and further invaded and defeated Armenia , also capturing territory which the Ottoman Empire had lost to the Russian Empire in 1855 and 1878 . The Turkish military victory was followed by Soviet Russia 's occupation and sovietization of Armenia . The Treaty of Moscow ( March 1921 ) between Soviet Russia and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey and the related Treaty of Kars ( October 1921 ) confirmed the territorial gains made by Karabekir and established the modern Turkish -- Armenian border . Armenia 's had territorial disputes with the Ottoman Empire . The Ottomans had tried to exterminate the Armenians during the Armenian Genocide and occupied the South Caucasus during Summer 1918 . Armenia resisted until the Allied forces won WWI . The Ottomans maintained their troops along their territorial gains until Spring 1919 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "70034834c56614c7ba927a58fca96b75",
"text": "Battle of Sinop The Battle of Sinop , or the Battle of Sinope , was a Russian naval victory over the Ottoman Empire during the Crimean War that took place on 30 November 1853 at Sinop , a sea port in northern Anatolia , when a squadron of Imperial Russian warships struck and defeated a squadron of Ottoman ships anchored in the harbor . The battle was part of the Crimean War , and a contributory factor in bringing France and Great Britain into the conflict . This was the last major battle between fleets of sailing ships . The battle is commemorated in Russia as a Day of Military Honour .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4d4f72fdc38fe467162db8c69356e2d6",
"text": "Mediterranean Agreements (1887) The Mediterranean Agreements ( German Mittelmeerentente ; French Entente de la Méditerranée ) were a series of treaties signed in 1887 by the United Kingdom with the Italy on 12 February ( through the mediation of Germany ) , with Austria-Hungary on March 24 and with Spain on May 4 . Further notes were exchanged between Britain , Italy and Austria-Hungary on 12 December . On the face of it the treaties recognised the status quo in the Mediterranean Sea . In fact , one of the objectives was to halt the expansion of the Russian Empire in the Balkans and her wish to control the straits of the Bosphorus and Dardanelles . From that perspective it also assured the survival of the Ottoman Empire . It also protected Italian interests against France . Thus it united forces hostile to Russia in the Balkans and to France in North Africa . From the point of view of the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck , the benefit of these agreements to which Germany was not a party , was in bringing Britain closer to the Triple Alliance of Germany , Italy and Austria-Hungary . This advantage proved short-lived since Britain achieved a rapprochement with Russia . The Alliance was dissolved in 1896 when Wilhelm II , German Emperor alienated Great Britain with his `` Kruger telegram '' . The treaty potentially conflicted with the Reinsurance Treaty of 1888 , between Germany and Russia . In the secret protocol to the Reinsurance Treaty , Bismarck lent support to Russia 's expansion efforts . Thus the Mediterranean Agreement , while not a de jure contradiction of the Reinsurance Treaty was at least contrary to its spirit .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "66b234bf06d2134262678b6e2685e8b3",
"text": "Siege of Negroponte (1470) The Siege of Negroponte was fought between the forces of the Ottoman Empire , led by Sultan Mehmed II in person , and the garrison of the Venetian colony of Negroponte ( Chalcis ) , the capital of the Venetian possession of Euboea in Central Greece . It lasted for almost a month , and despite great Ottoman casualties ended in the capture of the city and the island of Euboea by the Ottomans .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8eb9d87c9b9f67ea2a497fe5c136f626",
"text": "Long Turkish War The Long Turkish War or Thirteen Years ' War was an indecisive land war between the Habsburg Monarchy and the Ottoman Empire , primarily over the Principalities of Wallachia , Transylvania and Moldavia . It was waged from 1593 to 1606 but in Europe is sometimes called the Fifteen Years War , reckoning from the 1591 -- 92 Turkish campaign that captured Bihać . In the series of Ottoman wars in Europe it was the major test of force between the Ottoman -- Venetian War ( 1570 -- 73 ) and the Cretan War ( 1645 -- 69 ) . The next of the major Ottoman-Habsburg wars was the Great Turkish War of 1683-99 . Overall , the conflict consisted in a great number of costly battles and sieges , but with very little result for either side .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e6e8398982b011eba7029311265ffeb8",
"text": "2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt On 15 July 2016 , an alleged coup d'état was attempted in Turkey against state institutions , including , but not limited to the government and President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan . The attempt was carried out by a faction within the Turkish Armed Forces that organized themselves as the Peace at Home Council . They attempted to seize control of several key places in Ankara , Istanbul , and elsewhere , but failed to do so after forces loyal to the state defeated them . The Council cited an erosion of secularism , elimination of democratic rule , disregard for human rights , and Turkey 's loss of credibility in the international arena as reasons for the coup . The government accused the coup leaders of being linked to the Gülen movement , which is designated as a terrorist organization by the Republic of Turkey and led by Fethullah Gülen , a Turkish businessman and cleric who lives in Pennsylvania . Erdoğan accuses Gülen of being behind the coup -- a claim that Gülen denies -- and accused the United States of harboring him . Gülen has suggested the coup was in fact a `` self-coup '' carried out by Erdogan to consolidate his grip on power , a belief shared among some analysts and many Turks . Events surrounding the coup attempt and the purges in its aftermath reflect a complex power struggle between Islamist elites in Turkey . During the coup , over 300 people were killed and more than 2,100 were injured . Many government buildings , including the Turkish Parliament and the Presidential Palace , were bombed from the air . Mass arrests followed , with at least 40,000 detained , including at least 10,000 soldiers and , for reasons that remain unclear , 2,745 judges . 15,000 education staff were also suspended and the licenses of 21,000 teachers working at private institutions were revoked as well after the government alleged they were loyal to Gülen . More than 100,000 people have been arrested or fired from their jobs , on accusations of connections to Gülen . Reactions to the event were largely against the coup attempt , both domestically and internationally . The main opposition parties in Turkey condemned the attempt , while several international leaders -- such as those from the United States , NATO , the European Union , and other neighboring countries -- called for `` respect of the democratic institutions in Turkey and its elected officials . '' International organizations expressed themselves against the coup as well . The United Nations Security Council , however , did not denounce the coup after disagreements over the phrasing of a statement . President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan accused the head of United States Central Command , chief General Joseph Votel of `` siding with coup plotters '' , after Votel accused the Turkish government of arresting the Pentagon 's contacts in Turkey . In March 2017 , Germany 's intelligence chief said Germany was unconvinced by Erdoğan 's claim that Fethullah Gulen was behind the failed coup . Also in March , the British Parliament 's Foreign Affairs Committee said some Gulenists were involved in coup d'état attempt but found no hard evidence that Fethullah Gülen masterminded the failed coup and found no evidence to justify the UK designating the Gülen movement as a `` terrorist organization '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f7ad099b43c8c34100a201a05c2be72d",
"text": "Georgian–Armenian War The Georgian -- Armenian War was a short border dispute fought in December 1918 between the newly-independent Democratic Republic of Georgia and the First Republic of Armenia , largely over the control of territories in Lori and Kvemo Kartli districts . In March 1918 , Russian signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and in doing so agreed to return to the Ottoman Empire territory gained during the 1877 -- 78 Russo-Turkish War . These territories were , however , no longer under the functional control of the Russian central government ; rather , they were being administered collectively by the Georgians , Armenians and Azerbaijanis through the Transcaucasian Sejm . The Trebizond Peace Conference aimed to resolve the dispute , but when the conference failed to produce a resolution , the Ottomans pursued a military campaign to control the disputed territories . Under persistent attack , the Transcaucasians collective eventually dissolved with the Georgians , Armenians and Azerbaijanis declaring independent nation states in quick succession in late-May 1918 . On 4 June , the Ottoman Empire signed the Treaty of Batum with each of the three Transcaucasus states , which brought the conflict to an end and awarded the southern half of the ethnically-Armenia Lori Province and Akhalkalaki district to the Ottomans . Against the wishes of Armenia , Georgia , supported by German officers , took possession of northern Lori and established military outposts along the Dzoraget River . When the Ottomans signed the Armistice of Mudros in October , they were subsequently required to withdraw from the region . Armenia quickly took control of territory previously controlled by the Ottomans , and skirmishes between the Armenia and Georgia arose starting on 18 October . Open warfare began in early December , after diplomatic efforts failed to resolve the issue of the disputed border , and continued until 31 December , when a British-brokered ceasefire was signed , leaving the disputed territory under joint Georgian and Armenian administration .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1d3a234ab9c5b0498d709f98fe8810d0",
"text": "Military of the Ottoman Empire The history of military of the Ottoman Empire can be divided in five main periods . The foundation era covers the years between 1300 ( Byzantine expedition ) and 1453 ( Fall of Constantinople ) , the classical period covers the years between 1451 ( enthronement of Sultan Mehmed II ) and 1606 ( Peace of Zsitvatorok ) , the reformation period covers the years between 1606 and 1826 ( Vaka-i Hayriye ) , the modernisation period covers the years between 1826 and 1858 and decline period covers the years between 1861 ( enthronement of Sultan Abdülaziz ) and 1918 ( Armistice of Mudros ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fa16153aef1001031ee3b24ca5bc3051",
"text": "Maurice's Balkan campaigns Maurice 's Balkan campaigns were a series of military expeditions conducted by the East Roman ( Byzantine ) emperor Maurice ( reigned 582 -- 602 ) in an attempt to defend the Balkan provinces of the Eastern Roman Empire from the Avars and Slavs . Maurice was the only East Roman emperor , except for Anastasius I , who did his best to implement determined Balkan policies during Late Antiquity , paying adequate attention to the safety of the northern frontier against barbarian incursions . During the second half of his reign , the Balkan campaigns were the main focus of Maurice 's foreign policies , as a favourable peace treaty with Persia in 591 enabled him to shift his experienced troops from the Persian front to the region . The refocusing of Roman efforts soon paid off : the frequent Roman failures before 591 were succeeded by a string of successes afterwards . Although it is widely believed that his campaigns were only a token measure and that Roman rule over the Balkans collapsed immediately after his overthrow in 602 , Maurice was in fact well on his way to forestalling the Slavic landfall on the Balkans , nearly preserving the order of Late Antiquity there . His success was only undone over ten years after his overthrow . Retrospectively , these campaigns were the last in the series of classical Roman campaigns against the Barbarians on the Rhine and Danube , effectively delaying Slavic landfall on the Balkans by two decades . With respect to the Slavs , these campaigns had the typical trait of Roman campaigns against unorganized tribes and of what we now call asymmetric warfare .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5605f1d575f03b77f24817c95c4bdb25",
"text": "Battle of Romani The Battle of Romani was the last ground attack of the Central Powers on the Suez Canal at the beginning of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign during the First World War . The battle was fought between 3 and 5 August 1916 near the Egyptian town of Romani and the site of ancient Pelusium on the Sinai Peninsula , 23 mi east of the Suez Canal . This victory by the 52nd ( Lowland ) Division and the Anzac Mounted Division of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force ( EEF ) over a joint Ottoman and German force , which had marched across the Sinai , marked the end of the Defence of the Suez Canal campaign , also known as the Offensive zur Eroberung des Suezkanals and the İkinci Kanal Harekâtı , which had begun on 26 January 1915 . This British Empire victory , the first against the Ottoman Empire in the war , ensured the safety of the Suez Canal from ground attacks , and ended the Central Powers ' ambitions of disrupting traffic through the canal by gaining control of the strategically important northern approaches to the Suez Canal . The pursuit by the Anzac Mounted Division which ended at Bir el Abd on 12 August began the Sinai and Palestine Campaign . Thereafter , the Anzac Mounted Division supported by the Imperial Camel Brigade were on the offensive , pursuing the German and Ottoman army many miles across the Sinai Peninsula , reversing in a most emphatic manner the defeat suffered at Katia three months earlier . From late April 1916 , after a German-led Ottoman force attacked British yeomanry at Katia , British Empire forces in the region at first doubled from one brigade to two and then grew as rapidly as the developing infrastructure could support them . The construction of the railway and a water pipeline soon enabled an infantry division to join the light horse and mounted rifle brigades at Romani . During the heat of summer , regular mounted patrols and reconnaissance were carried out from their base at Romani , while the infantry constructed an extensive series of defensive redoubts . On 19 July , the advance of a large German , Austrian and Ottoman force across the northern Sinai was reported . From 20 July until the battle began , the Australian 1st and 2nd Light Horse Brigades took turns pushing out to clash with the advancing hostile column . During the night of 3/4 August 1916 , the advancing force including the German Pasha I formation and the Ottoman 3rd Infantry Division launched an attack from Katia on Romani . Forward troops quickly became engaged with the screen established by the 1st Light Horse Brigade ( Anzac Mounted Division ) . During fierce fighting before dawn on 4 August , the Australian light horsemen were forced to slowly retire . At daylight , their line was reinforced by the 2nd Light Horse Brigade , and about mid morning , the 5th Mounted Brigade and the New Zealand Mounted Rifles Brigade joined the battle . Together these four brigades of the Anzac Mounted Division , managed to contain and direct the determined attackers into deep sand . Here the attackers came within range of the strongly entrenched 52nd ( Lowland ) Division defending Romani and the railway . Coordinated resistance by all these EEF formations , the deep sand , the heat and thirst prevailed , and the German , Austrian and Ottoman advance was checked . Although the attacking force fought strongly to maintain its positions the next morning , by nightfall they had been pushed back to their starting point at Katia . The retiring force was pursued by the Anzac Mounted Division between 6 and 9 August , during which the Ottomans and Germans forces fought a number of strong rearguard actions against the advancing Australian light horse , British yeomanry and New Zealand mounted rifle brigades . The pursuit ended on 12 August , when the German and Ottoman force abandoned their base at Bir el Abd and retreated back to El Arish .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
3ab1eab549f94557ba9426c61cb0662c | Ken Russell only directed the film Shrek Forever After. | [
{
"docid": "25d2cfe23359158bfbac9467baa76e00",
"text": "Elgar (film) Elgar is a drama documentary made in 1962 by the British director Ken Russell . Made for BBC Television 's long-running Monitor programme , it dramatised in vigorous style the life of the archetypically English composer Sir Edward Elgar . The film established Russell as a directorial talent , and spawned a series of dramatised biographies of composers by Russell , both for cinema and television . Elgar helped to revive the reputation of the composer 's work . The film was narrated by Huw Wheldon . The British Film Institute selected it as one of the 100 Greatest British Television Programmes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "63200f10928b0415da06e894be297782",
"text": "Ken Russell Henry Kenneth Alfred `` Ken '' Russell ( 3 July 1927 -- 27 November 2011 ) was an English film director , known for his pioneering work in television and film and for his flamboyant and controversial style . Critics have accused him of being obsessed with sexuality and the Roman Catholic Church . His films in the main were liberal adaptations of existing texts , or biographies , notably of composers of the Romantic era . Russell began directing for the BBC , where he made creative adaptations of composers ' lives which were unusual for the time . He also directed many feature films independently and for studios . He is best known for his Oscar-winning films Women in Love ( 1969 ) , The Devils ( 1971 ) , The Who 's Tommy ( 1975 ) , and the science fiction film Altered States ( 1980 ) . Russell also directed several films based on the lives of classical music composers , such as Elgar , Delius , Tchaikovsky , Mahler , and Liszt . Film critic Mark Kermode , speaking in 2006 , and attempting to sum up the director 's achievement , called Russell , `` somebody who proved that British cinema did n't have to be about kitchen-sink realism -- it could be every bit as flamboyant as Fellini . Later in his life he turned to making low-budget experimental films such as Lion 's Mouth and Revenge of the Elephant Man , and they are as edgy and ` out there ' as ever '' . Ken Russell died of natural causes on 27 November 2011 at the age of 84 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "bc7bfeca6209accd29dca11c1751a0ac",
"text": "Russell Barnes Russell Barnes ( born 1968 ) is a British television producer and director , known primarily for documentaries about science and contemporary history . He was educated at Bedford Modern School and studied history at Christ 's College , Cambridge . Russell Barnes worked as a researcher on cult youth programmes A Stab in the Dark and The Word , and also Channel 4 's television review show , Right to Reply . In 2002 , he directed Empire , a revisionist account of British colonial history presented by the Harvard historian Niall Ferguson . A sequel about US power , American Colossus , followed in 2004 . In 2004 Russell Barnes produced Churchill 's Forgotten Years , written and presented by the Cambridge University historian David Reynolds . Barnes and Reynolds went on to collaborate on a series of further feature-length history documentaries for the BBC , including The Improbable Mr Attlee , Summits and Armistice , which charted the final month of the First World War from the German perspective and received special commendation from the jury at the 2009 Grierson Awards ceremony . In 2011 , they produced World War Two : 1941 and the Man of Steel , a new profile of Josef Stalin , which was shortlisted in the Best Historical Documentary category of the 2012 Grierson Awards . This was followed in 2012 by World War Two : 1942 and Hitler 's Soft Underbelly which argued that the war in the Mediterranean became a dark obsession for Winston Churchill , and in 2015 , World War Two : 1945 and the Wheelchair President , examined the impact of Franklin Rooselvelt 's failing health and marriage on his war leadership . Long Shadow , which explored the legacy and meaning of the First World War as part of the BBC 's centenary season of programming , was broadcast on BBC2 in 2014 . The series , which explored the legacy and meaning of the First World War as part of the BBC 's centenary season of programming , received widespread and favourable press coverage and reviews . Russell Barnes started working with the evolutionary biologist Richard Dawkins in 2005 , directing the series The Root of All Evil ? and The Enemies of Reason , which attracted controversy for their robust advocacy of atheism and rationalist principles . Barnes and Dawkins ' next series The Genius of Charles Darwin , marking the 150th anniversary of On the Origin of Species in 2008 , won Best Documentary series at the 2009 Broadcast Awards . Russell Barnes has produced several films that explore the history of communications technology including , in 2000 , How the Victorians Wired the World and Hackers in Wonderland . In 2009 he was series producer of The Virtual Revolution , a BBC2 history of the World Wide Web presented by Aleks Krotoski . The series won the 2010 International Digital Emmy Award and the 2010 BAFTA New Media Award . In 2010 Barnes founded the independent production company ClearStory Ltd with Molly Milton , where he has produced projects including Richard Dawkins series Sex , Death and the Meaning of Life , the award-winning observational documentary Gypsy Blood and the controversial studio format Sex Box for Channel 4 . Russell Barnes is active in Directors UK , sitting on the organisation 's distribution committee .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c413181ad891379e5a5c3229392ff550",
"text": "Ken Loach Kenneth Charles `` Ken '' Loach ( born 17 June 1936 ) is an English director of television and independent film . He is known for his socially critical directing style and for his socialist ideals , which are evident in his film treatment of social issues such as poverty , homelessness ( Cathy Come Home , 1966 ) and labour rights ( Riff-Raff , 1991 , and The Navigators , 2001 ) . Loach 's film Kes ( 1969 ) was voted the seventh greatest British film of the 20th century in a poll by the British Film Institute . Two of his films , The Wind That Shakes the Barley ( 2006 ) and I , Daniel Blake ( 2016 ) received the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival , making him the ninth filmmaker to win the award twice . Loach , a social campaigner for most of his career , believes the current criteria for claiming benefits in the UK are `` a Kafka-esque , Catch 22 situation designed to frustrate and humiliate the claimant to such an extent that they drop out of the system and stop pursuing their right to ask for support if necessary '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2dfae28aeff71bab7e1e11d0c69a72fa",
"text": "Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit Wallace & Gromit : The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is a 2005 British stop-motion animated comedy action film produced by Aardman Animations in partnership with DreamWorks Animation . United International Pictures distributed the film in the United Kingdom , and it was the last DreamWorks animated film to be distributed by DreamWorks Pictures in the United States . It was directed by Nick Park and Steve Box as the second feature-length film by Aardman after Chicken Run ( 2000 ) . The Curse of the Were-Rabbit is based on the Wallace and Gromit short film series , created by Park . The film follows eccentric inventor Wallace ( voiced by Peter Sallis ) and his mute and intelligent dog , Gromit , as they come to the rescue of the residents of a village which is being plagued by a mutant rabbit before an annual vegetable competition . The film introduces a number of new characters , and features a voice cast including Helena Bonham Carter and Ralph Fiennes . It was a critical and commercial success , and won a number of film awards including the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature , making it the second film from DreamWorks Animation to win ( after Shrek ) , as well as both the second non American animated film and second non computer animated film to have received this achievement ( after Spirited Away ) . It is also the only stop motion film to win the award .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cd49880c234fcf951b2608fa203ae2af",
"text": "The Green Promise The Green Promise is a 1948 American film directed by William D. Russell . The film was co-produced by Houston oilman Glenn McCarthy and leading man Robert Paige to display the concept and meaning of the 4-H Club and highlight farming issues such as soil erosion , government programs , and individual enterprise . The title refers to a scene where the local preacher gives a sermon on a story from the Book of Exodus of God 's `` green promise '' to lead Moses into a land of milk and honey . The preacher reminds his congregation that the fulfillment of the promise requires faith , difficult journeys and open-mindedness . It is currently in the public domain .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "727345278309a73012f2a75ba6c093c6",
"text": "Highlander (film) Highlander is a 1986 British-American adventure action fantasy film directed by Russell Mulcahy and based on a story by Gregory Widen . It stars Christopher Lambert , Sean Connery , Clancy Brown , and Roxanne Hart . The film narrates the climax of an ages-old battle between immortal warriors , depicted through interwoven past and present-day storylines . Christopher Lambert plays swordsman Connor MacLeod from Scottish Highlands , known as the Highlander , one of a number of immortal warriors , who can only be killed by decapitation . After initial training by another highly skilled immortal swordsman , Ramirez ( Sean Connery ) , MacLeod lives on for several centuries , eventually settling in New York City , managing an antiques shop . In 1985 , he falls in love with a policewoman named Brenda and finds out that he must face his biggest enemy , Clancy Brown 's Kurgan , who wishes to kill MacLeod and to obtain `` the Prize '' -- a special ability which is given to the last living immortal warrior , vast knowledge and the ability to enslave the entire human race . Highlander enjoyed little success on its initial theatrical release , grossing over $ 12 million worldwide against a production budget of $ 19 million , and received mixed reviews . Nevertheless , it became a cult film and launched Lambert to stardom . The film inspired a franchise which included film sequels and television spin-offs . Its tagline , `` There can be only one '' , has carried on throughout the franchise , as have the songs provided for the film by the rock band Queen .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c3ec9d899eca67259ed9f51856f87b4f",
"text": "Academy Award for Best Animated Feature The Academy Awards are given each year by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences ( AMPAS or the Academy ) for the best films and achievements of the previous year . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature is given each year for animated films . An animated feature is defined by the Academy as a film with a running time of more than 40 minutes in which characters ' performances are created using a frame-by-frame technique , a significant number of the major characters are animated , and animation figures in no less than 75 percent of the running time . The Academy Award for Best Animated Feature was first given for films made in 2001 . Through the 89th Academy Awards , presented in 2017 , Academy Award nominations in this category were made by the Academy 's animation section ; effective with the 2018 awards , all Academy members will be eligible to vote on nominations . The entire AMPAS membership has been eligible to choose the winner since the award 's inception . If there are sixteen or more films submitted for the category , the winner is voted from a shortlist of five films , which has happened six times , otherwise there will only be three films on the shortlist . Additionally , eight eligible animated features must have been theatrically released in Los Angeles County within the calendar year for this category to be activated . Animated films can be nominated for other categories , but have rarely been so ; Beauty and the Beast ( 1991 ) was the first animated film ever nominated for Best Picture . Up ( 2009 ) and Toy Story 3 ( 2010 ) also received Best Picture nominations after the Academy expanded the number of nominees . Waltz with Bashir ( 2008 ) is the only animated film ever nominated for Best Foreign Language Film ( though it did not receive a nomination for Best Animated Feature ) . The Nightmare Before Christmas ( 1993 ) and Kubo and the Two Strings ( 2016 ) are the only two animated films to ever be nominated for Best Visual Effects .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed",
"text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "980192d6fa3366e4f0d2e64e3d4c0cb6",
"text": "Kenneth Kokin Kenneth Kokin has been a producer for many first time feature directors . He is also a sworn deputy in state of Georgia . The debut feature film he produced for Bryan Singer , Public Access won the Sundance Grand Jury Prize . Ken Kokin and Singer developed a script with writer Christopher McQuarrie to produce the multi-Academy Award winning film The Usual Suspects which Kokin directed the substantial second-unit and co-produced . This achievement landed Kokin on the cover of Fade In Magazine as one of `` The 100 People to Know in Hollywood '' . Kokin spent the next several years dividing his time between working with new film makers and developing a screenplay on the life of Alexander the Great , written with Peter Buchman and McQuarrie , for Martin Scorsese and Leonardo DiCaprio . ( Scorsese and DiCaprio chose to do The Aviator first , making way for Oliver Stone to produce his version of Alexander . ) Next , he produced and directed second-unit on McQuarrie 's directorial first feature , The Way of the Gun starring Juliette Lewis , Ryan Phillippe , James Caan and Oscar winner Benicio del Toro . The 2008 Sundance Film Festival marks Kenneth Kokin 's next statements in cinema with Captain Abu Raed the Audience Award Winner in festival 's World Dramatic Competition . This is not only the first independent film produced in Kingdom of Jordan but it 's the fist feature film from recent AFI graduate Amin Matalqa . 2008 is also the year where For Tomorrow the documentary that Kokin produced and directed in Argentina which was an official selection for the Tribeca Film Festival and the Newport Beach Film Festival where he won the Humanitarian Vision Award . This groundbreaking documentary premiered in 10 film festivals and won many other awards and created awareness about cause of Toms shoes assisting the company in achieve recognition as the fastest growing shoe company in the world . Kenneth Kokin 's dedication to directing started at 14 when he started making his own films with a borrowed Super-8 camera . In high school , he directed several claymation , live action shorts and documentaries on 16mm . His most ambitious teenage endeavor was a re-creation of the Civil War Battle of Bull Run where he combined animated clay figures and actors to win the Newbridge Reel Award for Best Picture . Upon graduating from University of Southern California Cinema , Kokin joined the Editor 's Guild and worked at both NBC and Amblin Entertainment . CBS hired Kokin to shoot , edit and direct the behind the scenes for the longest-running annual special , Circus of the Stars where he worked with lions , tigers , motorcycle , stunts , high-wire and trapeze acts . Having a passion for all elements of filmmaking from pre-production through production and post-production , Kokin chose producing and directing because they are the only jobs where he has the opportunity to participate in all areas of the process . Recently , Kokin has produced a Chinese-America co-production in Chengdu , China starring John Robinson http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1440281/ and Xiaolu Li http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0523735/ . Back in two thousand and eight , he traveled South America , Haiti and Africa directing documentaries about the pandemic of poverty and HIV facing children in those regions . Staying true to his roots in the crime genre Kenneth Kokin wrote the feature about the famous mobster , James `` Whitey '' Bulger . The Los Angeles Time piece June 26 , 2012 quoted Kokin to say , `` Finding out that Whitey Bulger was living in Santa Monica just three blocks away from me was a little like looking frantically for your sunglasses only to find out they were on your head the whole time . '' Kokin 's passion for documentaries continues as he is currently working on a feature about sea mammals as well as working as a producer in reality television . link title http://about.me/kenkokin",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8dea715a1bd1eecb7a565ddf9af81824",
"text": "Never Never Land (film) Never Never Land is a 1980 British drama film directed by Paul Annett and starring Petula Clark , Cathleen Nesbitt , John Castle , and Anne Seymour . It is named after Neverland , the magical setting of the classic children 's tales of Peter Pan .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6e2d6e749b95a93b5e20f1588e043bc8",
"text": "Rebel Penfold-Russell Rebel Penfold-Russell is an Australian film producer and occasional actress . She was the executive producer of movies such as Frauds , The Adventures of Priscilla , Queen of the Desert and Paws . She owns her own production company , Rebelstudio , which was formerly called Latent Image . She has had a number of small roles in various television series and films , such as Shoestring , Prisoner , Emerald City and Easy Virtue . In 2009 , she was awarded the O.A.M. ( Order of Australia Medal ) in the Queen 's New Years Honours List for her services to the community , particularly through philanthropic support for the arts and a range of charitable organizations .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f4d58209d4cf518d35b541ed512730e5",
"text": "Paddington (film) Paddington is a 2014 British-French family comedy film directed by Paul King , written by King and Hamish McColl and produced by David Heyman . Based on Paddington Bear by Michael Bond , the film stars Ben Whishaw as the voice of the title character , along with Hugh Bonneville , Sally Hawkins , Julie Walters , Jim Broadbent , Peter Capaldi and Nicole Kidman in live-action roles . The film was co-produced by the French company StudioCanal and the British company Heyday Films . It was released in the United Kingdom on 28 November 2014 and grossed $ 265.3 million worldwide on a $ 38.5 million budget . Among several honours , King was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best Adapted Screenplay and both he and Heyman were nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Film . A sequel , Paddington 2 , is scheduled to be released in 2017 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd",
"text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dd2dfdaa0d5399bafb656c0453673a86",
"text": "Jack Russell (cricketer, born 1963) Robert Charles `` Jack '' Russell , MBE , ( born 15 August 1963 ) is a retired English international cricketer , now known for his abilities as an artist , as a cricket wicketkeeping coach , and a football goalkeeping coach .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "62af8f799649205188d2a460ede223d7",
"text": "Rough Magic Rough Magic is a 1995 comedy film directed by Clare Peploe , starring Bridget Fonda and Russell Crowe . It was based on a novel by James Hadley Chase called Miss Shumway Waves a Wand , with the screenplay written by Robert Mundi , William Brookfield , and Clare Peploe .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "94ded29f9d269a47fe61b513697e62be",
"text": "Robert Russell (English actor) Robert Russell ( 24 May 1936 -- 12 May 2008 ) was an English actor known for a memorable supporting role as John Stearne alongside Vincent Price in the classic British horror film Witchfinder General ( 1968 ) . He was born in Kent , England . His family emigrated to South Africa for 9 years when he was aged 11 . He worked in a gold mine after leaving school . He returned to England and trained as an actor at the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art . He then appeared on stage with stars such as Laurence Olivier and Michael Gambon , as a member of the National Theatre touring company . He made numerous appearances on UK television , often playing tough characters and villains due to his imposing stature , including The Avengers , The Sweeney , Space : 1999 , Blake 's 7 and Doctor Who , playing a guard in the serial entitled The Power of the Daleks and a Highland Games Champion , The Caber , in Terror of the Zygons . Some of his other film appearances included Othello ( 1965 ) , The Whisperers ( 1967 ) , Bedazzled ( 1967 ) with Peter Cook and Dudley Moore , Inspector Clouseau ( 1968 ) , The Breaking of Bumbo ( 1970 ) , Man in the Wilderness ( 1971 ) with Richard Harris , Sitting Target ( 1972 ) , Double Exposure ( 1977 ) , Queen of the Blues ( 1979 ) starring Mary Millington , Ivanhoe ( 1982 ) , Oliver Twist ( 1982 ) , and the TV film of The Sign of Four ( 1983 ) . He lived for the last 14 years of his life in Maidenhead , Berkshire and died there of a heart attack at his home aged 71 . * Note : This is from a Public Member Trees search on Ancestry , where the date of death is oddly given as 18 May 2008 ( see discussion ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9a64e74127f1eab4383b5c5dd705164e",
"text": "Rob Minkoff Robert R. `` Rob '' Minkoff ( born August 11 , 1962 ) is an American filmmaker . He is known for directing the double Academy Award -- winning animated feature The Lion King ( along with Roger Allers ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "18a75c5ad0c17a861ba966e0fbe71d59",
"text": "BAFTA Award for Best Film The BAFTA Award for Best Film is given annually by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts and presented at the British Academy Film Awards . It has been given since the 1st BAFTA Awards , representing the best films of 1947 , but until 1969 it was called the BAFTA Award for Best Film From Any Source . It is possible for films from any country to be nominated , although British films are also recognised in the category BAFTA Award for Best British Film and ( since 1983 ) foreign-language films in BAFTA Award for Best Film Not in the English Language . As such , there have been multiple occasions of a film being nominated in two of these categories . There has been one tie for the Best Film award when , in 1962 , Ballad of a Soldier tied with The Hustler for Best Film from any Source . Until 1981 , the award was given to the director , except in 1976 and 1977 , when it was given to the producers . From 1981 to 1985 , it was given solely to the producers , and then in 1986 , it was shared between the Director and Producer . In 1998 , it was once again given to only the producers . In the following lists , the titles and names in bold with a dark grey background are the winners and recipients respectively ; those not in bold are the nominees . The years given are those in which the films under consideration were released , not the year of the ceremony , which always takes place the following year .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bc1b23d08eb12f3ac3934dcd080dac82",
"text": "The Gal Who Took the West The Gal Who Took the West is a 1949 American Technicolor Western film directed by Frederick de Cordova starring Yvonne De Carlo , Charles Coburn , Scott Brady and John Russell . It was nominated for an award by the Writers Guild of America 1950 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "06f5623e1d8658c0d7ee27b346dab43c",
"text": "A Troll in Central Park A Troll in Central Park ( released in some countries as Stanley 's Magic Garden ) is a 1994 American animated musical fantasy-comedy film directed by Don Bluth and Gary Goldman , creators of Rock-A-Doodle , The Land Before Time , All Dogs Go to Heaven , The Secret of NIMH and An American Tail . It was released on October 7 , 1994 , by Warner Bros. . Family Entertainment . The film grossed $ 71,368 at the North American box office . The film features the voice talents of Dom DeLuise as Stanley , Cloris Leachman as Queen Gnorga , Charles Nelson Reilly as King Llort , Phillip Glasser as Gus , Tawny Sunshine Glover as Rosie , Hayley Mills as Hilary and Jonathan Pryce as Alan . It is the last Don Bluth film to star Dom DeLuise .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dff3afb9cc207bc396c07c1ecb151bab",
"text": "3rd Empire Awards The 3rd Empire Awards ceremony , presented by the British film magazine Empire , honored the best films of 1997 and took place in 1998 . During the ceremony , Empire presented Empire Awards in nine categories as well as one honorary award . The awards were sponsored by Stella Artois for the first time . All of the winners this year won one award each . The Full Monty won the award for Best British Film , while Men in Black won the award for Best Film . Other winners included A Life Less Ordinary , Hamlet , Jerry Maguire , L.A. Confidential , Nil by Mouth , The Crucible and The English Patient . Dennis Hopper received the Lifetime Achievement Award .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
a5f60f3adcae47403a6c0071c438f243 | Red Velvet (band) is a Japanese girl group. | [
{
"docid": "3fe291239e4b2a7dcc6e1217011ccc23",
"text": "Kang Seul-gi Kang Seul-gi ( born February 10 , 1994 ) , better known by the mononym Seulgi , is a South Korean singer . She is a member of South Korean girl group Red Velvet .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cfd94bbf4f305042859f58edb0163b93",
"text": "Wendy (singer) Son Seung-wan ( born February 21 , 1994 ) , known professionally as Wendy , is a South Korean singer . She is a member of the South Korean girl group Red Velvet .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "404b05cb3367df631cc9720b74a50d45",
"text": "Red Velvet (band) Red Velvet ( Hangul : 레드벨벳 ) is a South Korean girl group formed by S.M. Entertainment . The group debuted on August 1 , 2014 , with their digital single `` Happiness '' and with four members : Irene , Seulgi , Wendy and Joy . In March 2015 , fifth member Yeri was added to the group . Since their debut , Red Velvet has experienced notable success and recognition . Their first EP , Ice Cream Cake which was released in March 2015 , topped the Gaon Album Chart on the 12th week of 2015 and in September 2015 , the group 's first full-length album , The Red , also topped the Gaon Album Chart and the Billboard World Albums Chart . Red Velvet has received several music awards , including two awards for choreography ; Best Dance -- Female and Best Dance Performance -- Female Group , as well as three new artist awards and multiple popularity awards . Red Velvet members have also made television appearances ; Irene as a host of Music Bank , Yeri as a host of Show ! Music Core , and Joy on the fourth season of variety show We Got Married .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "088ce92da1be4cc7c7927f731ddd32a9",
"text": "Joy (entertainer) Park Soo-young ( born September 3 , 1996 ) , known by the stage name Joy , is a South Korean singer and actress . She is a member of the K-pop girl group Red Velvet .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f72f5576e477455122d50840cec9f6af",
"text": "Irene (singer) Bae Joo-hyun ( born March 29 , 1991 ) , better known by her stage name Irene , is a South Korean singer , television host and actress . She is a member of South Korean girl group Red Velvet .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "094d248dd70c48cf9b82ddda8d1af4b4",
"text": "Saki Nakajima (singer) is a member of Cute , a Japanese pop group within Hello ! Project .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a7ac883293207e628a14dc9c1b70668f",
"text": "Shanadoo were a Japanese dance and pop girl group . Produced in Germany and Japan , the band consisted of four members , lead singer Marina Kakitsu along with Chika Takagi , Manami Fuku and Junko Fukuda . They were signed to Icezone Music and Avex .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "77e68109c50a1f213acdee5983ba035b",
"text": "Pink Lady (band) is a Japanese female pop music duo of the late 1970s and early 1980s , featuring Mitsuyo Nemoto ( `` Mie '' , born March 9 , 1958 ) and Keiko Masuda ( `` Kei '' , born September 2 , 1957 ) . In Japan , they are remembered for a run of pop-chart hits from roughly 1976 to 1979 , but in the United States , they are best known for their short-lived 1980 NBC TV variety show Pink Lady , later released on DVD under the title Pink Lady and Jeff . Pink Lady is one of only two Japanese artists to have reached the Billboard Top 40 , hitting # 37 with the single `` Kiss in the Dark '' ; the other was Kyu Sakamoto with the original Japanese-language version of `` Sukiyaki '' . They are also the first Japanese act to have ever performed in Seoul , South Korea , in November 1980 . In June 1979 Billboard magazine stated the duo had sales of over 72 million US dollars in Japan , and stated in September 1980 that Pink Lady 's singles had grossed over $ 40 million , their album releases over $ 25 million , and their TV appearances , such as commercials and product sponsorship , near $ 35 million -- a combined total exceeding $ 100 million .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0581669d867c0b2439b2f463ce3ace75",
"text": "Erika Ikuta is a Japanese idol singer and a member of the Japanese idol girl group Nogizaka46 . Her father 's cousin , Masahide Sakuma , is a music producer known for producing many J-pop music .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "342dab216046ae759781453ed47f0ad1",
"text": "French Kiss (band) was a sub-unit of all-female Japanese pop group AKB48 , produced by Yasushi Akimoto .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f1a191ae52ff64021d3ad2ed8d1065ad",
"text": "Chirinuruwowaka , or just or , is a Japanese rock band formed in 2005 by Yumi Nakashima ( GO!GO ! 7188 's Yuu ) . The band name comes from one sentence of the classical Japanese alphabet `` Iroha '' , prounced Chi-ri-nu-ru-wo-wa-ka .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d67be2e43e02a7396cd6fecf6efa10f5",
"text": "Pe'z is a Japanese jazz instrumental band consisting of five men , dubbed `` The Samurai Jazz Band . '' They have been signed onto Sony Music Japan since 2008 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "71cbd44eb2203ea895db673576034319",
"text": "Unicorn (South Korean band) Unicorn is a four-member K-pop girl group produced by veteran R&B singer Kim Jo-han under Show Brothers Entertainment . According to Kim , `` the name refers to the group 's goal to heal people with music , just like a unicorn 's horn is said to have the power of therapy . '' The band debuted on September 3 , 2015 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3995b7e60bb1f0859093a3dcf1f99d40",
"text": "Dream Morning Musume is a Japanese female pop group , consisting of 10 former members of the idol group Morning Musume . It was created in 2011 . As with Morning Musume , the group is managed by the Up-Front Agency and produced by Tsunku . During the announcement of the formation of Dream Morning Musume , Tsuji Nozomi was also planned to be included in the group . She turned down the offer citing that she wants to devote her time to taking care of her children . The band debuted in April 2011 with the album Dreams 1 , which ranked 10th in the Oricon Weekly Albums Chart . On September 24 , 2011 , Dream Morning Musume started its first nationwide concert tour , although Miki Fujimoto was absent on maternity leave . The group 's first single `` Shining Butterfly '' was released on February 15 , 2012 , debuting at number 7 in the Oricon daily sales ranking for February 14 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f1a9bee9b0dd530e2a2a141aabbb6c1d",
"text": "Yuri Chinen , is a Japanese idol , actor , dancer , voice actor , and singer as well as member of Hey ! Say ! JUMP . He is under the management of Johnny & Associates .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "db08b8f64d1a14a8989ac5480451d2b7",
"text": "Juicy Love (Happiness song) `` Juicy Love '' ( stylized as `` JUICY LOVE in digital formats ) is a song recorded by Japanese girl group Happiness , taken as the lead single from their second studio album , Girlz n ' Effect ( 2016 ) . It was released on May 28 , 2014 via Rhythm Zone and Avex Music Creative Inc. , and distributed in four physical formats -- two standard compact discs , music cards and a CD and DVD bundle -- and for digital consumption . The track was written and co-composed by Kanata Okajima , with additional music and production credits to Albi Albertsson and Patrick Hamilton ; co-production was handled by Exile 's Hiro . Musically , it is a dance-pop song that incorporates synthesizers and keyboards within its instrumentation . Although members Karen Fujii and Ruri Kawamoto provide vocals throughout the composition , the remaining five girls sing background vocals through the songs chorus . Lyrically , the song focuses of themes of enjoyment and love . Upon its release , `` Juicy Love '' received favorable reviews from music critics , with compliments aimed towards its dance nature and noted the creative progression since member Miyuu took over leadership of the group . Commercially , `` Juicy Love '' experienced moderate success in Japan , reaching the top 10 on both the Oricon Singles Chart and Japan Hot 100 . By June 2014 , the single sold over 30,000 units as reported by Oricon . An accompanying music video was published on the Avex Trax YouTube channel , depicting them in three rooms that focus on different fashion styles . In order to promote the track , Happiness performed `` Juicy Love '' on several television and live shows , and was subsequently used as the ending theme song to Nippon TV 's Pon ( 2014 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2693399ae3362ac77bf3d370d96da3c1",
"text": "Sayuri Matsumura is a Japanese idol singer , model and a member of the Japanese idol girl group Nogizaka46 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "76205ea358de7c032420566395f438b4",
"text": "D'erlanger D'erlanger ( stylized as D'ERLANGER , believed by the band to mean `` indecent temptation '' in French ) is a Japanese rock band from Kyoto , formed in 1983 by guitarist Cipher and bassist Seela . While they originally played speed and power metal , after recruiting drummer Tetsu and vocalist Kyo they switched to an alternative rock sound for their debut album La Vie En Rose in 1989 . Although it was on an indie label , it sold out and was reissued three times that year , earning them a major label record deal with BMG Japan the following year . They released Basilisk in March 1990 and it reached the top five on the charts . However , in December the group suddenly announced their disbandment . Despite their short time in the spotlight , they remain well-known and are considered one of the founders of visual kei . D'erlanger reunited in 2007 and released the album Lazzaro , with a new harder sound that adds a gothic rock feel . They have since released three other studio albums , each charting higher than the previous , and toured extensively , including several overseas performances .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1b82ec22bf47ae5fd0fd7e61276ab24f",
"text": "Made in Japan (band) Made in Japan is an indie rock band from Sydney , Australia that formed in 2009 . They have described their sound as `` dream-pop '' and `` groove based . '' Their music has evolved from straightforward post-punk revival in their early releases to incorporate an ethereal shoegaze aesthetic into their sound .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5ecf403a2750ed5257a4f5ddf5b3abdf",
"text": "Doa (Japanese band) doa ( read as `` do-a '' ) is a Japanese hard rock band currently under the Giza Studio label . The band is named after a single letter of each of the members ' names : Daiki Yoshimoto , Shinichiro Ohta , and Akihito Tokunaga . So far they 've released 23 singles , 10 albums , 1 best and 1 indies album",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "da6966dc61057078098839c23ca7d3a6",
"text": "Jun Togawa is a Japanese singer , musician and actress .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "eefbb6a862cdb164fc5b2507f0f3343b",
"text": "E.G. Crazy E.G. Crazy ( stylized as E.G. CRAZY ) is a double album by Japanese musical unit E-girls , which also serves as their fourth studio release . It was distributed on January 3 , 2016 for streaming through Japan 's AWA services , and released on January 18 , 2017 release via Rhythm Zone and Avex Music Creative Inc. in five physical editions and for digital consumption . Additionally , it will be their first album without ex-vocalists and performers Chiharu Muto , Kyoka Ichiki and Erie Abe , with singing and disc jockey credits to the latter as a service to her sub-group Dream . E.G. Crazy works as a concept album , which segregates the discs into two themes ; the first being E.G. Pop , and the latter having a E.G. Cool vibe ; furthermore , selected tracks represent a new theme Japanese Neo Girls , which executes international cultures through a Japanese woman 's perspective . Each disc features 12 tracks , all of which are a mixture of previous singles , cover songs , B-sides and new original recordings . Musically , it is a J-pop collection which incorporates various elements of electronic dance music , and is solely produced by Exile Hiro . Upon its release , E.G. Crazy received positive reviews from music critics , who praised the idea of a double packaged release , along with its production and sound . Commercially , it experienced success in Japan , reaching the top spot on the Oricon Albums Chart and Billboard charts . In order to promote the record , E-girls conducted a series of live performances , radio and television appearances , and interviews throughout the region . The record also spawned six original singles : `` Anniversary !! '' , `` Dance Dance Dance '' , `` Merry x Merry Xmas '' , `` E.G. Summer Rider '' , `` Pink Champagne '' and `` Go ! Go ! Let 's Go ! '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "913834a20efd79f4b591f40a82188a29",
"text": "CoCo (band) CoCo was a Japanese pop group which consist of Mikiyo Ohno , Azusa Senou , Rieko Miura , Erika Haneda , and Maki Miyamae .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "847b500287d8eb1e1f033a0e90162f5c",
"text": "Kayōkyoku is a Japanese pop music genre , which became a base of modern J-pop . The Japan Times describes kayōkyoku as `` standard Japanese pop '' or `` Shōwa-era pop '' . Kayōkyoku is Western-style-inspired music of Japan . Music in this genre is extremely varied as a result . Kayōkyoku in the narrower and more practical sense , however , excludes J-pop and enka . Unlike `` J-pop '' singers such as Southern All Stars ' Keisuke Kuwata , the singers of the kayōkyoku genre do not use stylized pronunciations based on the English language , but prefer traditional Japanese . There are exceptions , such as in singer Momoe Yamaguchi 's song `` Rock 'n' Roll Widow '' . Unlike enka , kayōkyoku is also not based on emotional displays of effort while singing . Famous kayōkyoku artists include Kyu Sakamoto , The Peanuts , The Tigers , Candies , Pink Lady , Seiko Matsuda , Junko Sakurada , The Checkers and Onyanko Club .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5c90dc9adb9494808e78732aa6a644ef",
"text": "Music of Japan The music of Japan includes a wide array of performers in distinct styles both traditional and modern . The word for music in Japanese is 音楽 ( ongaku ) , combining the kanji 音 `` on '' ( sound ) with the kanji 楽 `` gaku '' ( enjoy ) . Japan is the largest physical music market in the world , with US$ 2 billion in 2014 and the second largest overall music market , with a total retail value of 2.6 billion dollars in 2014dominated by Japanese artists , with 37 of the top 50 best selling albums and 49 of the top 50 best selling singles in 2014 . Local music often appears at karaoke venues , which is on lease from the record labels . Traditional Japanese music is quite different from Western music as it is often based on the intervals of human breathing rather than mathematical timing .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
15070c5ff8f538a8b3d9463bf4e7c56b | Alec Sokolow has worked with an American film writer. | [
{
"docid": "f88ef08b1af337e4a9425376836e304e",
"text": "Joel Cohen (writer) Joel Cohen is an American film writer who has worked on such projects as the movies Cheaper by the Dozen , Toy Story , Money Talks and Garfield : The Movie . He frequently works with Alec Sokolow . Along with Joss Whedon , Andrew Stanton , John Lasseter , Pete Docter , Joe Ranft , and Sokolow , Cohen was nominated in 1995 for the Academy Award for Best Writing ( Original Screenplay ) for his work on Toy Story . Beyond writing , Cohen and Sokolow jointly directed Monster Mash : The Movie and executive produced Gnomes and Trolls : The Secret Chamber ( 2008 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "59d606c0ae2da89049be68283b75ef40",
"text": "Alec Sokolow Alec Sokolow is an American film writer who has worked on such projects as the movies Cheaper by the Dozen , Toy Story , Money Talks , and Garfield : The Movie . He frequently works with Joel Cohen . Along with Joss Whedon , Andrew Stanton , John Lasseter , Pete Docter , Joe Ranft , and Cohen , Sokolow was nominated in 1995 for the Academy Award for Best Writing ( Original Screenplay ) for his work on Toy Story . Beyond writing , Sokolow and Cohen jointly directed Monster Mash : The Movie and executive produced Gnomes and Trolls : The Secret Chamber ( 2008 ) .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "f7339c77722bd6d0ab2442f60f31e51e",
"text": "Big Stone Gap (film) Big Stone Gap is a 2014 American drama romantic comedy film written and directed by Adriana Trigiani and produced by Donna Gigliotti for Altar Identity Studios , a subsidiary of Media Society . Based on Trigiani 's 2000 best-selling novel of the same name , the story is set in the actual Virginia town of Big Stone Gap circa 1970s . The film had its world premiere at the Virginia Film Festival on November 6 , 2014 . The film was released on October 9 , 2015 , by Picturehouse . The film was released in Blu-Ray by Universal Pictures on February 2 , 2016 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bd4db7db265772d5d5f6b63ae6317315",
"text": "Alexander Payne Alexander Payne ( born Constantine Alexander Payne ; February 10 , 1961 ) is an American film director , screenwriter , and producer , known for the films Citizen Ruth ( 1996 ) , Election ( 1999 ) , About Schmidt ( 2002 ) , Sideways ( 2004 ) , The Descendants ( 2011 ) , and Nebraska ( 2013 ) . His films are noted for their dark humor and satirical depictions of contemporary American society . Payne is a two-time winner of the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and a three-time nominee of the Academy Award for Best Director .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "132bb9ce9a2a372f9b47a86cb77fbf58",
"text": "Getting Away with Murder (film) Getting Away with Murder is a 1996 American comedy film written and directed by Harvey Miller . The film stars Dan Aykroyd , Jack Lemmon , Lily Tomlin and Bonnie Hunt . This was the final project for veteran writer and director Harvey Miller . It received poor reviews and was panned by critics .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aad3d3ebf22f1dbc00286dda2a689595",
"text": "FenceSitter Films FenceSitter Films is a film production and television production company founded by Kyle Schickner an American film producer , writer , director , actor and a bisexual civil rights activist , devoted to creating entertainment for women , and sexual and ethnic minorities .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e384bdc20424ccfa353ba74f69e46e08",
"text": "Alex Graves Alexander John `` Alex '' Graves ( born July 23 , 1965 ) is an American film director , television director , television producer and screenwriter .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "63e5b16472c40c2d9e6be4cd14c29f79",
"text": "Mitchell Altieri Mitchell Altieri is an American film director , producer and writer .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2751c76c8c071042783eaacd7dad401a",
"text": "So's Your Old Man So 's Your Old Man is a 1926 silent film comedy film directed by Gregory La Cava and starring W.C. Fields and Alice Joyce . It was written by J. Clarkson Miller based on the story `` Mr. Bisbee 's Princess '' by Julian Leonard Street as adapted by Howard Emmett Rogers . It was filmed at Astoria Studios in Queens , New York City . The film was remade as a talkie in 1934 , with W.C. Fields again starring , under the title You 're Telling Me ! In 2008 , So 's Your Old Man was added to the United States National Film Registry .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a6a774a4117bd87d0f28b411cec1070a",
"text": "Jon Avnet Jonathan Michael Avnet ( born November 17 , 1949 ) , better known as Jon Avnet , is an American director , writer and producer .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0ea3cc6152564d1dfb018734d8ef8a36",
"text": "Alex Kurtzman Alex Kurtzman ( born September 7 , 1973 ) is an American film and television writer , producer and director .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9ca74987655514d3bc47fe8b11340662",
"text": "Danny Strong Daniel W. `` Danny '' Strong ( born June 6 , 1974 ) is an American actor , screenwriter , and producer . As an actor , Strong is best known for his roles as Jonathan Levinson in Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Doyle McMaster in Gilmore Girls . He also wrote the screenplays for Recount , the HBO adaptation Game Change , Lee Daniels ' The Butler , and the two-part finale of The Hunger Games film trilogy , Mockingjay -- Part 1 and Mockingjay -- Part 2 . Strong also is a co-creator , executive producer , and writer for the Fox series Empire . Strong has won two Emmy Awards , two Writers Guild of America Awards , a Producers Guild of America Award , and a NAACP Image Award .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238",
"text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7eb83557e71230f6a23f55110fbf07d7",
"text": "Andrew Ross Sorkin Andrew Ross Sorkin ( born February 19 , 1977 ) is an American journalist and author . He is a financial columnist for The New York Times and a co-anchor of CNBC 's Squawk Box . He is also the founder and editor of DealBook , a financial news service published by The New York Times . He wrote the bestselling book Too Big to Fail and co-produced a movie adaptation of the book for HBO Films . He is also the co-creator for the Showtime series Billions .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "576767220a7a7999fa05b01cd54cab43",
"text": "Aloha (film) Aloha is a 2015 American romantic comedy-drama film written , produced and directed by Cameron Crowe . The film , starring Bradley Cooper , Emma Stone , Rachel McAdams , Bill Murray , John Krasinski , Danny McBride , and Alec Baldwin , was released on May 29 , 2015 . The film received negative reviews from critics , and has grossed only $ 26 million against a budget of $ 37 million , making the film a box office bomb .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "57b5629a668004a2eea39c2f273620a4",
"text": "Andrew Elias Andrew Elias is an American actor and film producer , known for his work with filmmaker Sam Qualiana .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "06e265863ef32115510b7449e646812b",
"text": "Love Story (1970 film) Love Story is a 1970 American romantic drama film written by Erich Segal , who was also the author of the best-selling novel of the same name . It was produced by Howard G. Minskyand directed by Arthur Hiller and starred Ali MacGraw and Ryan O'Neal , alongside John Marley , Ray Milland , and Tommy Lee Jones in his film debut in a minor role . A tragedy , the film is considered one of the most romantic by the American Film Institute ( # 9 on the list ) and is # 37 in the list of highest-grossing films in Canada and the United States . It was followed by a sequel , Oliver 's Story ( 1978 ) , starring O'Neal with Candice Bergen .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5b48af412c3f1fad29e1fb73dd0958ff",
"text": "Short Letter, Long Farewell Short Letter , Long Farewell ( Der kurze Brief zum langen Abschied ) is a 1972 novel by the Austrian writer Peter Handke . It tells the story of a young Austrian writer who travels across the United States in search of his wife from whom he is estranged . The film-director John Ford appears as a character who brings resolution at the end of the road on the coast of California . His film Young Mr. Lincoln also serves as a point of reference and an antidote to the alienation experienced by the stranger crossing the States . The novel shares many themes and motifs with the film Alice in the Cities from 1974 , directed by Handke 's frequent collaborator Wim Wenders ; the film can be seen as a response to the book .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1edb1c6e0253fbcf492407f393395d25",
"text": "Jeremy Sosenko Jeremy Sosenko ( born 1978 ) is an American screenwriter , actor , improviser , and director , best known for contributing to writing the 2013 pulp comedy Movie 43 and for writing for the cartoon TV show Brickleberry on Comedy Central .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "949972c7806188f1da6e68ea0f6517c9",
"text": "Stan Rogow Stan Rogow is an American music manager , writer and producer of film and television .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "48531ac0fefb6047de4876191b160cf1",
"text": "Solomon Kane (film) Solomon Kane is a 2009 French-British-Czech dark fantasy action-adventure film written and directed by Michael J. Bassett based on the pulp magazine character Solomon Kane created in 1928 by Robert E. Howard . James Purefoy stars in the title role . Despite optioning the rights in 1997 , filming did not begin until January 2008 . The film is an original story for the Kane character and was intended to be the first of a trilogy . The plot follows a redemption story for Kane , from the end of his life as a privateer , through the salvation of his soul by rescuing a Puritan girl and the beginning of his life as the Puritan avenger of the source material . It was produced by a consortium of French , Czech , and British companies and mostly filmed in the Czech Republic . The film was first shown at the 2009 Toronto International Film Festival . It went on general release in France , Spain , and the UK over the end of 2009 and the beginning of 2010 . Reception was generally favourable , with a Rotten Tomatoes rating of 66 % following the UK/US release ; the film 's atmosphere and Purefoy 's acting attracted the most acclaim .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0221f334ffaddaf820a682df18a4a9b7",
"text": "Alec Berg Alec Berg is an American comedy writer , best known as a writer for the sitcom Seinfeld . He also co-wrote the screenplays for the films The Cat in the Hat , EuroTrip and The Dictator . In addition , Berg is an executive producer of and has directed numerous episodes of Larry David 's Curb Your Enthusiasm , and also executive produces Silicon Valley . In the Seinfeld episode `` The Face Painter '' , Berg 's name is given to an attorney friend of Jerry 's who gives Jerry some New York Rangers playoff tickets . When Jerry fails to thank Berg 's character for the tickets , Berg does not offer Jerry tickets for another game that week . In that episode , Jerry jokes that Berg has a great `` John Houseman name '' , pronouncing it jokingly in Houseman 's accent . Berg is of Swedish descent . In the Season 8 of Curb Your Enthusiasm episode `` The Divorce , '' Larry David fires his divorce attorney Andrew Berg ( played by Paul F. Tompkins ) after he finds out that Berg is not Jewish -- as he had presumed from the name -- but , like Alec Berg , is a Catholic of Swedish heritage .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
915419207d4631c52c155d59e8ed1806 | The Museum of Science and Industry was in the fifth-most populous city in the United States. | [
{
"docid": "5dbc82cc6905c7e8bf5e970ff9578480",
"text": "Chicago Chicago ( -LSB- ʃᵻˈkɑːɡoʊ -RSB- or -LSB- ʃᵻˈkɔːɡoʊ -RSB- ) , officially the City of Chicago , is the third-most populous city in the United States . With over 2.7 million residents , it is also the most populous city in both the state of Illinois and the Midwestern United States . It is the county seat of Cook County . The Chicago metropolitan area , often referred to as Chicagoland , has nearly 10 million people and is the third-largest in the U.S. Chicago has been called a global architecture capital . In terms of wealth and economy , Chicago is considered one of the most important business centers in the world . Chicago was incorporated as a city in 1837 , near a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River watershed , and grew rapidly in the mid-nineteenth century . Positioned along Lake Michigan , the city is an international hub for finance , commerce , industry , technology , telecommunications , and transportation : O'Hare International Airport is the second-busiest airport in the world when measured by aircraft traffic ; the region also has the largest number of U.S. highways and rail road freight . In 2012 , Chicago was listed as an alpha global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network , and ranked seventh in the world in the 2016 Global Cities Index . Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States -- about $ 640 billion according to 2015 estimates . The city has one of the world 's largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14 % of the workforce . In 2016 , Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors , a new record making it one of the top visited cities in the nation . Landmarks in the city include Millennium Park , Navy Pier , the Magnificent Mile , Art Institute of Chicago , Museum Campus , the Willis ( Sears ) Tower , Museum of Science and Industry , and Lincoln Park Zoo . Chicago 's culture includes the visual arts , novels , film , theater , especially improvisational comedy , and music , particularly jazz , blues , soul , hip hop , gospel and house music . There are many colleges and universities in the Chicago area ; among these , Northwestern University , University of Chicago , and the University of Illinois at Chicago are classified as `` highest research '' doctoral universities . Additionally , Chicago has professional sports teams in each of the major professional leagues . The city has many nicknames , the best-known being the Windy City .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "494e09c26a3646b6c661a94801173ec5",
"text": "Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago) The Museum of Science and Industry ( MSI ) is located in Chicago , Illinois , in Jackson Park , in the Hyde Park neighborhood between Lake Michigan and The University of Chicago . It is housed in the former Palace of Fine Arts from the 1893 World 's Columbian Exposition . Initially endowed by Julius Rosenwald , the Sears , Roebuck and Company president and philanthropist , it was supported by the Commercial Club of Chicago and opened in 1933 during the Century of Progress Exposition . Among the museum 's exhibits are a full-size replica coal mine , captured during World War II , a 3500 sqft model railroad , the first diesel-powered streamlined stainless-steel passenger train ( Pioneer Zephyr ) , and the Apollo 8 spacecraft that carried the first humans to orbit the Moon . Based on 2009 attendance , the Museum of Science and Industry was the second-largest cultural attraction in Chicago . David R. Mosena has been president and CEO of the museum since 1998 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "4602d05c1331b7b4ae7d18e663552e80",
"text": "Adler Planetarium The Adler Planetarium is a public museum dedicated to the study of astronomy and astrophysics . It was founded in 1930 by Chicago business leader Max Adler . It is located on the northeast tip of Northerly Island at the shore of Lake Michigan in Chicago , Illinois . The Adler is America 's first planetarium and part of Chicago 's Museum Campus , which includes the John G. Shedd Aquarium and The Field Museum . The Adler 's mission is to inspire exploration and understanding of the universe . The Adler Planetarium opened to the public on May 12 , 1930 . For its design , architect Ernest A. Grunsfeld , Jr. was awarded the gold medal of the Chicago chapter of the American Institute of Architects in 1931 . It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1987 . The Adler is home to three full size theaters , extensive space science exhibitions , and a significant collection of antique scientific instruments and print materials . In addition , the Adler boasts the Doane Observatory , one of the only research-active , public urban observatories . This lakeside observatory is the only place in Chicago where the public can see planets , stars , and galaxies up-close and in person .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9257551658a533efa91380ddcad4f473",
"text": "Air and Space Museum Air and Space Museum may refer to : The National Air and Space Museum ( NASM ) of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington , D.C. , United States , plus its annex , the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center at Washington Dulles International Airport ; the Air and Space Museum of France ( Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace ) , in Le Bourget , Paris , France the Canadian Air and Space Museum , in Downsview , Toronto , Canada the San Diego Air & Space Museum , formerly the San Diego Aerospace Museum , in San Diego , California the Tulsa Air and Space Museum & Planetarium , in Tulsa , Oklahoma , United States the South Dakota Air and Space Museum , in Box Elder , South Dakota , United States the Stafford Air & Space Museum , in Weatherford , Oklahoma , United States ; the Greater Saint Louis Air & Space Museum , located at St. Louis Downtown Airport , Cahokia , Illinois , United States the Pima Air & Space Museum , in Tucson , Arizona , United States the International Women 's Air & Space Museum , in Cleveland , Ohio , United States the Neil Armstrong Air and Space Museum , in Wapakoneta , Ohio , the birthplace of U.S. astronaut Neil Armstrong the Oregon Air and Space Museum , in Eugene , Oregon , United States the Peterson Air and Space Museum , near Colorado Springs , Colorado , United States , a restricted access museum located inside Peterson Air Force Base the Jimmy Doolittle Air & Space Museum , a restricted access museum located within Travis Air Force Base in Fairfield , California , United States the Wings Over the Rockies Air and Space Museum , on the former grounds of Lowry Air Force Base in Denver , Colorado , United States the Strategic Air and Space Museum , a museum focused on USAF aircraft and nuclear missiles , near Ashland , Nebraska , United States Similar : The Canada Aviation and Space Museum , in Ottawa , Canada the Virginia Air and Space Center , a museum and educational facility in Hampton , Virginia , United States the Intrepid Sea , Air & Space Museum , in New York City , N.Y. , United States the Aero Space Museum of Calgary , in Calgary , Alberta , Canada the Evergreen Aviation & Space Museum , in McMinnville , Oregon , United States the Aerospace Museum of California , in North Highlands , California , United States on the former McClellan Air Force Base the HAL Aerospace Museum , part of the HAL Heritage Centre and Aero Space Museum , located at Hindustan Aeronautics Limited in Bangalore , India the Misawa Aviation and Space Museum , in Misawa , Japan the Museo Aeronáutico y del Espacio , Santiago , Chile the Museo Aeroespacial Colombiano , Bogotá , Colombia See also Aviation museum List of aerospace museums",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a530a8282959133547b7ec9150c6aad1",
"text": "Camp Five Museum The Camp Five Museum is a living history museum located in Laona , Wisconsin that interprets the forest industry and transportation history of Wisconsin . It includes part or all of the Camp Five Farmstead , also known as Camp Five Logging Camp , which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996 . The museum was established in 1969 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "668850d9b9fc399ef93b70ca75768fed",
"text": "Peale Museum The Peale Museum , also known officially as the Municipal Museum of the City of Baltimore , was a museum of paintings and natural history , located in the City of Baltimore , Maryland , United States . It occupied the first building in the Western Hemisphere to be designed and built specifically as a museum . The Peale Museum was created by Charles Willson Peale , ( 1741-1827 ) and his son Rembrandt Peale , 1778-1860 ) . After functioning separately as the Baltimore City 's historical museum since the original structure was being rebuilt , restored , and renovated in 1930-1931 , and then later merging in with other historic sites , houses and museums in the early 1980s under the expansive efforts of new executive director , with the name of the Baltimore City Life Museums and a new broader mission in conjunction with the other historical locations . After opening a new three-story exhibition gallery , uniquely using the old cast-iron façade of the razed ( but placed in storage in a city yard for 30 years ) of the old Fava Fruit Company and being re-assembled on the new structure facing North Front Street and the parallel new President Street Boulevard ( between East Lombard and East Fayette Streets ) , the new gallery and the B.C.L.M. ran into financial difficulties in the first year in 1996-1997 after the grand opening , coincidentally during the Baltimore Bicentennial Celebration ( of the City 's 200th year after incorporation as a city ) , The Peale branch of the City Life Museums closed unfortunately with the other branches - historic houses and sites later in 1997 and its large collections from over 66 years of original existence were transferred and handed over to the Maryland Historical Society , founded 1844 on West Monument Street and Park Avenue . The building was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3078504b20e1e675c8b25594ae65ed2a",
"text": "Peoria Riverfront Museum The Peoria Riverfront Museum is a public museum of art , science and culture located in downtown Peoria , Illinois . Containing a planetarium , a giant screen theater , exhibits , collections , educational classes , and public outreach , the museum opened in October 2012 . A specialty resource of the museum is the `` Illinois River Encounter , '' a family-oriented gallery that attempts to be the definitive aquarium of the Illinois River , which flows adjacent to the museum . Adjacent displays describe the ecology , social history , and engineering of the working river . The museum 's collections include fine art ( paintings , sculptures , works on paper ) , decorative art ( furniture , ceramics , metal , glass , textiles ) , folk art ( paintings , sculptures , graphics , decorative arts , etc. ) , ethnographic art ( Native American , African , Oceanic , Asian ) , natural science artifacts ( rocks and minerals , insects , shells ) , and historic artifacts including a Duryea Motor Wagon Company car , theater and opera posters , and square dancing items . The Peoria Riverfront Museum serves as a successor to Lakeview Museum of Arts and Sciences , which was founded by private citizens in 1965 and whose building was then given to and maintained by the Peoria Park District while its operations remained entirely private . Lakeview Museum was located in the north central suburban Lakeview Park in Peoria . It was also home to more than 50 member clubs , hobby groups , and organizations who formed an independent arts and sciences council whose members had helped start the museum . Lakeview Museum officials led the campaign for the new museum , and its collections , trustees and staff formed the foundation of the Peoria Riverfront Museum operation when it opened in September 2012 . The Peoria Riverfront Museum was funded by private contributions with support from donated land by the city of Peoria and support for the building by a tax referendum approved by voters of Peoria County . The operations are supported by donations and earned revenue while the building and grounds are owned by Peoria County and leased to the museum by public-private partnership agreement . Key to the agreement was the enactment by local voters of a supplemental sales tax . An admission fee is charged . The museum building is adjacent to the historic Rock Island Depot and Freight House .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6f4d23fd2757b3410265e6f2ce38709d",
"text": "Philadelphia Commercial Museum The Philadelphia Commercial Museum ( also known as the International Bureau of Commerce ; later , Museum of the Philadelphia Civic Center ) was established in Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . Situated at 332 South Fourth Street , its purpose was to promote domestic and foreign commerce as well as to collect products and information regarding world trade . It was the first US institution that actively promoted the country 's industry and business in foreign markets .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8b4aacb331eb2f0cc1c36c59e06684c6",
"text": "Port of Houston The Port of Houston is a port in Houston , Texas , the fourth-largest city in the United States . The port is a 25-mile-long complex of diversified public and private facilities located a few hours ' sailing time from the Gulf of Mexico . It is the busiest port in the United States in terms of foreign tonnage , second-busiest in the United States in terms of overall tonnage , and thirteenth-busiest in the world . Though originally the port 's terminals were primarily within the Houston city limits , the port has expanded to such a degree that today it has facilities in multiple communities in the surrounding area . In particular the port 's busiest terminal , the Barbours Cut Terminal , is located in Morgan 's Point . The Port of Houston is a cooperative entity consisting of both the port authority , which operates the major terminals along the Houston Ship Channel , and more than 150 private companies situated along Buffalo Bayou and Galveston Bay . Many petroleum corporations have built refineries along the channel where they are partially protected from the threat of major storms in the Gulf of Mexico . The petrochemical complex associated with the Port of Houston is one of the largest in the world .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "13eabe786119f71e541842507de7c432",
"text": "Consolidated city-county In United States local government , a consolidated city-county is a city and county that have been merged into one unified jurisdiction . As such it is simultaneously a city , which is a municipal corporation , and a county , which is an administrative division of a state . It has the powers and responsibilities of both types of entities . A consolidated city-county is different from an independent city , although the latter may result from consolidation of a city and a county and may also have the same powers as a consolidated city-county . An independent city is a city not deemed by its state to be located within the boundary of any county and recognized by its state as a legal territorial entity separate from surrounding or adjoining counties . A consolidated city-county differs from an independent city in that the city and county both nominally exist , although they have a consolidated government , whereas in an independent city , the county does not even nominally exist . Not considering Hawaii , which has no independent cities , the Midwest and Upper South have the highest concentration of large consolidated city-county governments in the United States , including Indianapolis , Indiana ; Nashville , Tennessee ; Jacksonville , Florida ; Louisville , Kentucky ; Kansas City , Kansas ; and Lexington , Kentucky . Currently , the largest consolidated city-county in the United States by population is Philadelphia , Pennsylvania , while the largest by land-area is Sitka , Alaska .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e4ee52b51d610654815bec6002bacfeb",
"text": "Chicago Loop The Loop is the central business district of Chicago , Illinois . It is one of the city 's 77 designated community areas . The Loop is home to Chicago 's commercial core , City Hall , and the seat of Cook County . In the late nineteenth century , cable car turnarounds and prominent elevated railway encircled the area , giving the Loop its name . The community area is bounded on the north by Lake Street on the west by Wells Street on the east by Wabash Street , and on the south by Van Buren Street . The Loop got its name by the loop of the elevated CTA El tracks that create a loop this area . although the commercial core has expanded into adjacent community areas . As a business center , some of the corporations the Loop hosts include the Chicago Mercantile Exchange ( CME ) , the world 's largest options and futures contracts open interest exchange ; the headquarters of United Continental Holdings , one of the world 's largest airlines ; AON ; Blue Cross Blue Shield ; Hyatt Hotels Corporation ; BorgWarner , and other major corporations . The Loop is home to 500 acre Grant Park ; State Street , which hosts a historic shopping district ; the Art Institute of Chicago ; several theaters ; and numerous subway and elevated rapid transit stations . Other institutions in the Loop include the Willis Tower , once the tallest building in the world , the Chicago Symphony Orchestra , the Lyric Opera of Chicago , the Goodman Theatre , the Joffrey Ballet , the central public Harold Washington Library , and the Chicago Cultural Center . In what is now the Loop , on the south bank of the Chicago River , near today 's Michigan Avenue Bridge , the US Army erected Fort Dearborn in 1803 . It was the first settlement in the area sponsored by the United States . In 1908 , Chicago addresses were made uniform by naming the intersection of State Street and Madison Street in the Loop as the division point for designating addresses , North , South , East or West on the Chicago street grid .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6498ae78a6311cd49e358a4dadc1a26f",
"text": "Parks in Chicago Parks in Chicago include open spaces and facilities , developed and managed by the Chicago Park District . The City of Chicago devotes 8.5 % of its total land acreage to parkland , which ranked it 13th among high-density population cities in the United States in 2012 . Since the 1830s , the official motto of Chicago has been Urbs in horto , Latin for `` City in a garden '' for its commitment to parkland . In addition to serving residents , a number of these parks also double as tourist destinations , most notably Lincoln Park , Chicago 's largest park , visited by over 20 million people each year , is one of the most visited parks in the United States . Notable architects , artists and landscape architects have contributed to the 570 parks , including Daniel Burnham , Frederick Law Olmsted , Jens Jensen , Frank Gehry , and Lorado Taft .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2e84c7a846cfdb6257550d4cead55d78",
"text": "Milton J. Rubenstein Museum of Science and Technology The Milton J. Rubenstein Museum of Science and Technology ( often referred to as the MOST ) is a museum located in the Armory Square neighborhood of Downtown Syracuse , New York . The museum includes multiple exhibits , a gift shop and a domed IMAX movie theatre . It is located in the former Syracuse Armory . Permanent exhibits include : Earth Science Discovery Cave , Life Sciences , Lockheed Martin Flight & Space , Science Playhouse , Technotown , and National Grid Energy : Powering Our Future .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "082aee07317ede99d1f5a6b7aa568df6",
"text": "National Museum of the United States Navy The National Museum of the United States Navy , or U.S. Navy Museum for short , is the flagship museum of the United States Navy and is located in the former Breech Mechanism Shop of the old Naval Gun Factory on the grounds of the Washington Navy Yard in Washington , D.C. , United States . The U.S. Navy Museum is one of ten official Navy museums , and is part of the Naval History & Heritage Command , the official history program of the United States Navy .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "144933a8a0e5fb2663601d738a406207",
"text": "Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum , often referred to as The Guggenheim , is an art museum located at 1071 Fifth Avenue on the corner of East 89th Street in the Upper East Side neighborhood of Manhattan , New York City . It is the permanent home of a continuously expanding collection of Impressionist , Post-Impressionist , early Modern and contemporary art and also features special exhibitions throughout the year . The museum was established by the Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in 1939 as the Museum of Non-Objective Painting , under the guidance of its first director , the artist Hilla von Rebay . It adopted its current name after the death of its founder , Solomon R. Guggenheim , in 1952 . In 1959 , the museum moved from rented space to its current building , a landmark work of 20th-century architecture . Designed by Frank Lloyd Wright , the cylindrical building , wider at the top than the bottom , was conceived as a `` temple of the spirit '' . Its unique ramp gallery extends up from ground level in a long , continuous spiral along the outer edges of the building to end just under the ceiling skylight . The building underwent extensive expansion and renovations in 1992 ( when an adjoining tower was built ) and from 2005 to 2008 . The museum 's collection has grown organically , over eight decades , and is founded upon several important private collections , beginning with Solomon R. Guggenheim 's original collection . The collection is shared with the museum 's sister museums in Bilbao , Spain , and elsewhere . In 2013 , nearly 1.2 million people visited the museum , and it hosted the most popular exhibition in New York City .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "406db21f668b8828cae360f061696ba0",
"text": "Macon, Missouri Macon is a city in Macon County , Missouri , United States . The population was 5,500 at the 2012 census . It is the county seat of Macon County .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8f9b75eed73d4b2013547627088290e1",
"text": "Science Museum, London The Science Museum is a major museum on Exhibition Road in South Kensington , London . It was founded in 1857 and today is one of the city 's major tourist attractions , attracting 3.3 million visitors annually . Like other publicly funded national museums in the United Kingdom , the Science Museum does not charge visitors for admission . Temporary exhibitions , however , may incur an admission fee . It is part of the Science Museum Group , having merged with the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester in 2012 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "402d2dfe00cd2836a1f30fbba85bea32",
"text": "Brazos Valley Museum of Natural History The Brazos Valley Museum of Natural History is a science , nature and cultural history museum in Bryan , Texas , United States . The museum also maintains memberships in American Alliance of Museums , Natural Science Collections Alliance , and the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections . The Brazos Valley Museum of Natural History maintains collections in the fields of archaeology , botany , conchology , cultural history , geology , mammalogy , ornithology , and paleontology . The museum was among 14 to be considered to display one of the four space shuttle orbiters made available by NASA at the end of the space shuttle program to its new Museum of Science and History Former president George H. W. Bush , whose presidential library is several miles from the museum , has expressed his support . Museum officials were initially very positive on their chances to be selected with the museum executive directory saying '' `` I definitely think that we are going to get one of the shuttles , '' The museum was not selected to receive an orbiter , finishing last in scoring with the NASA selection community citing significant concerns about the museum 's attendance levels and risks to the orbiter in transportation to the museum . Nearby Texas A&M University was selected to receive a full motion shuttle simulator used by astronauts in training . The Frithiof Fossil Collection includes a 15-inch Paleozoic trilobite and complete skeletons of an Ice Age cave bear , early wolf , Saber-toothed cat , along with numerous other partial skeletons . Dinosaurs are represented by the skull , vertebrae , femur , arm , an enormous tail of a hadrosaurid dinosaur , teeth and various bones of a Tyrannosaurus rex and Albertosaurus , and parts of a gigantic Camarasaurus , Triceratops , and Maiasaura . The hadrosaurid tail is unique in that it is one of the few fossils with fossilized skin . The Museum houses the complete skeletons of Psittacosaurus , an early ancestor of Triceratops , and a complete Confuciusornis , a relative of both the raptor-like dinosaurs and modern birds . Rare , virtually complete skeletons of early mammals , fish , and reptiles are also available for viewing .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d293adf9c515215c8eab68ee0055947e",
"text": "History of Springfield, Massachusetts The history of Springfield , Massachusetts ( est. 1636 ) springs in large part from its favorable geography , situated on a steep bluff overlooking the Connecticut River 's confluence with three tributaries . It was an ancient Indian crossroad for two major trade routes : Boston-to-Albany and New York City-to-Montreal . Springfield also sits on some of the northeastern United States ' most fertile soil . Springfield was founded in 1636 as Agawam , the northernmost settlement of the Connecticut Colony . The settlement defected from Connecticut after four years , however , later joining forces with the coastal Massachusetts Bay Colony . The town changed its name to Springfield , and changed the political boundaries among what later became New England States . Springfield flourished as a trading post and agricultural center until 1675 's King Philip 's War , when a coalition of Indians laid siege to Springfield and later burned it to the ground . Its prosperity waned for the next hundred years but , in 1777 , United States Revolutionary War leaders made it a National Armory to store weapons , and in 1795 it began manufacturing muskets . Until 1968 , the Armory made small arms . Its first American muskets ( 1794 ) were followed by the famous Springfield rifle and the revolutionary M1 Garand and M14s . The Springfield Armory attracted generations of skilled laborers to the city , making it the United States ' longtime center for precision manufacturing ( comparable to a Silicon Valley of the Industrial Revolution ) . The Armory 's near-capture during Shays Rebellion of 1787 was among the troubles that prompted the U.S. Constitutional Convention later that year . Innovations in the 19th and 20th centuries include the first American English dictionary ( 1805 , Noah Webster ) , the first use of interchangeable parts and the assembly line in manufacturing ( 1819 , Thomas Blanchard ) , the first American horseless car ( 1825 , again Thomas Blanchard ) , vulcanized rubber ( 1844 , Charles Goodyear ) , the first American gasoline-powered car ( 1893 , Duryea Brothers ) , the first American motorcycle company ( 1901 , `` Indian '' ) , an early commercial radio station ( 1921 , WBZ , and most famously , the world 's third-most-popular sport of basketball ( 1891 , Dr. James Naismith ) . Throughout the latter half of the 20th century , Springfield endured a protracted decline , accelerated by the decommission of the Springfield Armory in 1969 . Springfield became increasingly like the declining , second tier Northeastern U.S. cities from which it had long been set apart . During the 1980s and 1990s , Springfield developed a new reputation for crime , political corruption , and cronyism . Seeking to overcome its downgrade , the city undertook several large ( but unfinished ) projects , including a $ 1 billion high-speed rail ( New Haven-Hartford-Springfield high-speed rail ) , a proposed $ 1 billion MGM Casino , and others .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8c1be3b69b3f8cb0d9c03fe08871a6ac",
"text": "High Museum of Art The High Museum of Art ( colloquially the High ) , located in Atlanta , is the leading art museum in the Southeastern United States . Located on Peachtree Street in Midtown , the city 's arts district , the High is a division of the Woodruff Arts Center . In 2010 it had 509,000 visitors , 95th among world art museums .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "717a5107ac9054d9bd53d4cef50f69a3",
"text": "Chiba Museum of Science and Industry is a science museum located in Ichikawa , Chiba Prefecture , Japan . The museum introduces mainly topics related to technology , for modern industry . The museum sets up its goal as to provide a place for experiencing various aspects of science and technology which is applied in industry to people at all ages .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8a8863f1f273d60dfdaa138852f60424",
"text": "Brooklyn Museum The Brooklyn Museum is an art museum located in the New York City borough of Brooklyn . At 560000 sqft , the museum is New York City 's third largest in physical size and holds an art collection with roughly 1.5 million works . Located near the Prospect Heights , Crown Heights , Flatbush , and Park Slope neighborhoods of Brooklyn and founded in 1895 , the Beaux-Arts building , designed by McKim , Mead and White , was planned to be the largest art museum in the world . The museum initially struggled to maintain its building and collection , only to be revitalized in the late 20th century , thanks to major renovations . Significant areas of the collection include antiquities , specifically their collection of Egyptian antiquities spanning over 3,000 years . African , Oceanic , and Japanese art make for notable antiquities collections as well . American art is heavily represented , starting at the Colonial period . Artists represented in the collection include Mark Rothko , Edward Hopper , Norman Rockwell , Winslow Homer , Edgar Degas , Georgia O'Keeffe , and Max Weber . The museum also has a `` Memorial Sculpture Garden '' which features salvaged architectural elements from throughout New York City .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
924cd280cde74960bd6700ada2524a7b | Tina Turner worked together with Phyllida Lloyd. | [
{
"docid": "4fec85d8f31e9c5cd94f8a52dd3880e1",
"text": "Tina Turner Tina Turner ( born Anna Mae Bullock ; November 26 , 1939 ) , is an American-born recording artist , dancer , actress , and author , whose career has spanned more than half a century , earning her widespread recognition and numerous awards . Born and raised in the Southeastern United States , Turner relinquished her American citizenship after obtaining Swiss citizenship in 2013 . She began her musical career in the mid-1950s as a featured singer with Ike Turner 's Kings of Rhythm , first recording in 1958 under the name `` Little Ann . '' Her introduction to the public as Tina Turner began in 1960 as a member of the Ike & Tina Turner Revue . Success followed with a string of notable hits credited to the duo , including `` A Fool in Love '' , `` River Deep -- Mountain High '' ( 1966 ) , `` Proud Mary '' ( 1971 ) , and `` Nutbush City Limits '' ( 1973 ) , a song which she herself wrote . In her autobiography , I , Tina , she revealed several instances of severe domestic abuse against her by Ike Turner prior to their 1976 split and subsequent 1978 divorce . Raised a Baptist , she encountered faith with Nichiren Shoshu Buddhism in 1971 , crediting the spiritual chant of Nam Myoho Renge Kyo , which Turner claims helped her to endure during difficult times . After her divorce from Ike Turner , she rebuilt her career through live performances . In the 1980s , Turner launched a major comeback with another string of hits , starting in late 1983 with the single `` Let 's Stay Together '' followed by the 1984 release of her fifth solo album Private Dancer which became a worldwide success . The album contained the song `` What 's Love Got to Do with It '' , which became Turner 's biggest hit and won three Grammy Awards including Record of the Year . Her solo success continued thoughout the 1980s and 90s with multi-platinum albums including Break Every Rule and Foreign Affair , and with singles such as `` We Do n't Need Another Hero ( Thunderdome ) '' , `` The Best '' , and `` GoldenEye '' for the 1995 James Bond film of the same name . In 1993 , `` What 's Love Got to Do with It '' was used as the title of a biographical film adapted from her autobiography , along with the film 's accompanying soundtrack album . In addition to her musical career , Turner has also garnered success acting in films , including the role of the Acid Queen in the 1975 rock musical Tommy , a starring role alongside Mel Gibson in the 1985 action film Mad Max Beyond Thunderdome , and a cameo role in the 1993 film Last Action Hero . One of the world 's best-selling artists of all time , she has also been referred to as The Queen of Rock 'n' Roll . Turner has been termed the most successful female Rock 'n' Roll artist , receiving eleven Grammy Awards , including eight competitive awards and three Grammy Hall of Fame awards . Turner has also sold more concert tickets than any other solo performer in history . Her combined album and single sales total approximately 180 million copies worldwide , She is noted for her energetic stage presence , powerful vocals , and career longevity . In 2008 , Turner returned from semi-retirement to embark on her Tina ! : 50th Anniversary Tour . Turner 's tour became one of the highest selling ticketed shows of 2008 -- 09 . Rolling Stone Magazine ranked Turner no. 63 on their list of 100 greatest artists of all time , and no. 17 on their list of 100 greatest singers of all time . In 1991 , Turner was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame . Turner announced in December 2016 that she has been working on `` Tina '' , a new musical based on her story , in collaboration with Phyllida Lloyd and Stage Entertainment .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "ecb6558773fe5688b71b6dc68139bd2c",
"text": "Colour My World (album) Colour My World is the sixth album released by Petula Clark in the US on Warner Bros. . Records . It combines cover versions of popular songs of the era and original material , much of it written by Clark and Tony Hatch , who produced the recording and arranged it along with Johnny Harris and Frank Owens . In the UK , where it was released on Pye Records , the original album release was withdrawn after a month to have Clark 's current hit `` This Is My Song '' and its UK B-side : `` The Show Is Over '' , added to the track listing . This revised edition of the album - ( with the subtitle `` Including `` This Is My Song '' '' ) reached # 16 on the UK album charts . In the USA , the album entitled Color My World/Who Am I entered the Billboard 200 on February 18 , 1967 and remained on the charts for 27 weeks , peaking at # 49 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b56373b58146b9095b09ce548a12b478",
"text": "Honey Hush `` Honey Hush '' , written by Big Joe Turner ( although he assigned the copyright to his wife , Lou Willie Turner ) , was recorded in May 1953 in New Orleans , Louisiana , and released that August by Atlantic Records . It was a number-one song on Billboard 's Rhythm and Blues chart for eight weeks .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1d9543b3482d1be95cf25a8242846e76",
"text": "Delilah's Power Delilah 's Power is a studio album by Ike & Tina Turner released in 1977 by United Artists Records .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3d32b7d0bb73da1a1ea431613626325b",
"text": "Robin Lynn Macy Robin Lynn Macy ( born November 1 , 1958 ) is an American musician , teacher , and gardener , who is best known as a founding member of the female country group the Dixie Chicks . While a mathematics teacher at St. Mark 's School of Texas , Macy was active in the Dallas bluegrass music scene of the 1980s , and was in a band called Danger in the Air . The band released two independent albums . With the Chicks she was the group 's guitarist , co-lead singer , and occasional songwriter . Macy left the Dixie Chicks in late 1992 in a dispute with the Erwin sisters about the group 's musical direction . Macy advocated for a `` purer '' bluegrass approach . ( She was not replaced ; the foursome became a trio . It would be still several more years until the Dixie Chicks achieved their big commercial break , when Natalie Maines replaced Laura Lynch as lead singer . ) Macy then joined Sara Hickman and Patty Lege to form the group Domestic Science Club , which issued two albums before disbanding . While still in Dallas , Macy played with an informal group named Round Robin , but she eventually moved to southern Kansas . Macy hosted an evening music show on local NPR affiliate , KERA in Dallas , in the mid-1990s . She then performed with Mark Bennett , Mike and Vicki Lynn Theobald in The Blue Plate Special . The band performed at the Walnut Valley Festival , in Winfield , Kansas in 1999 . Big Twang was Macy 's next project . The bluegrass quintet was founded by Macy and won the 1999 RockyGrass Band Championship . The band recorded one CD - Pastures of Plenty . `` Macy 's riveting , seductive voice infuses the band 's renditions of Sting 's ` Secret Journey ' and Nanci Griffith 's ` Time of Inconvenience ' with spellbinding power and soul , '' wrote reviewer David McCarty in Acoustic Guitar magazine ; `` Big Twang is one big talent . '' The band dissolved in 2003 . Macy remained active in the regional music scene , and also returned to teaching mathematics . In addition , she is the steward of Bartlett Arboretum , a 501 ( c ) 3 non-profit she created . It is located in Belle Plaine , Kansas on a slough north of the Ninnescah River drainage , 20 miles south of Wichita . She discovered the arboretum in 1997 when it was slated for sale ; the owning Bartlett family viewed her arrival as a godsend . In April 2008 , Macy 's recording Songs from the Garden , original compositions inspired from living among the trees at the arboretum , was released . The arboretum , with its application written by Macy , was listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places in April , 2010 . In October 2008 , she formed another trio with Jennifer Pettersen and Monica Taylor called The Cherokee Maidens . She is currently a teacher of geometry at Wichita Collegiate School .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "37f00406ba6a8b69c27fddad2d0f271a",
"text": "Killin' Time (Tina Cousins song) `` Killin ' Time '' is a song written by Mark Topham and Karl Twigg , and recorded by British singer Tina Cousins . It was released in March 1997 as her debut single , then re-released in March 1999 as the second single from her debut album Killing Time . It initially charted at number 80 on the UK Singles Chart , but upon re-release in 1999 , it peaked at number 15 , to become her third consecutive UK Top 20 hit , following her number 2 hit `` Mysterious Times '' with Sash ! and number 20 hit `` Pray '' which were both released in 1998 . . Sash ! also remixed `` Killin ' Time '' for its re-release . In Australia , it was coupled with `` Forever '' and became a top twenty hit , reaching Gold sales .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "408a9e57ad482d9110c4f18e1c2b6957",
"text": "Killing Time (Tina Cousins album) Killing Time is the first album by the British singer Tina Cousins . Released in 1999 ( 2000 in the US ) , it was produced by Pete Waterman with co-production by Mark Topham and Karl Twigg . The album contained the song `` Pray '' , which was released in the United States soon after its rapid success in both the United Kingdom and Australia . However , the single did not make an impact on American radio until late 2006 , when it was added to the music databases of a few rhythmic/dance format stations . The album also contained the singles `` Killin ' Time '' , `` Forever '' , `` Angel '' and `` Nothing to Fear '' which , like `` Pray '' , only became popular in 2005 and 2006 , after their release .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "de122bbe3802c60f8fea3fd2d2c15cc5",
"text": "Gene & Debbe Gene and Debbe were a pseudo-pop/country duo hailing from Nashville , Tennessee . They had some brief successes on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart . Gene Thomas ( born Gene Thomasson on 28 December 1937 , Palestine , Texas , died 26 August 2012 in Fredericksburg , Texas ) and had some minor success in the early 1960s with the songs `` Sometime '' and `` Baby 's Gone '' . After the latter , he dabbled in writing music for a few years . His songs have been performed or covered by numerous other country singers including Waylon Jennings , Kenny Rogers and Everly Brothers as well as Tina Turner ! the . After a few years , Gene met with aspiring crooner , Debbe Neville , ( or Nevills as some sources say ) . In an Everly Brothers style of harmonizing , they launched a career at Acuff-Rose music , singing romantic country style pop melodies . They were signed to a recording contract with the subsidiary of Hickory Records ( Sue Thompson , Don Gibson , The Newbeats etc. ) , TRX , where they recorded their two biggest hits , `` Go With Me '' and `` Playboy '' . The latter had an eventual combined sales figure of one million discs being awarded a gold record in June 1968 . After hitting the charts with `` Playboy '' at No. 17 , they both faded into chart ( but not musical ) obscurity . The couple produced one album Hear and Now ( catalogue number TRX LPS 1001 ) in 1968 , which is a rarity to find . It contains the single `` Playboy '' . Gene Thomas died on August 26 , 2012 of lung cancer at the age of 74 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a0d048dd623d2d514d40711a6fe6ae5d",
"text": "Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio . Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation . Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f495476f82af9c8c25d92dc0e056f476",
"text": "Tina! Tina ! is a compilation album from American rock singer Tina Turner . The album was released September 30 , 2008 by Capitol Records in North America and October 17 , 2008 in Germany ( the album was released as an `` import '' in other regions ) . The album was later expanded to a three-disc set , released in Europe to coincide with the European leg of her tour . The Platinum Collection was released on February 23 , 2009 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "45c727d0aeea08808708b1a3e411d389",
"text": "Kreesha Turner Kreesha Turner ( born June 10 , 1985 ) is a Canadian/Jamaican recording artist and songwriter , born in Edmonton , Alberta , Canada . Raised in both Canada and Jamaica , she began her musical career after a successful audition with Virgin Records . She signed a record deal with the Capitol Music Group , under which the Virgin imprint operates . Concurrently , EMI Music Canada signed her in order to more effectively tap into the Canadian market . She has released two albums in Canada . Her first album Passion ( 2008 ) spawned singles `` Bounce With Me , '' `` Lady Killer '' and `` Do n't Call Me Baby '' . The latter became the # 1 most played song ( by a Canadian ) on Canadian radio in 2008 and became her very first number one single on Billboards U.S. Hot Dance Club Play . During this year , she was nominated for two Juno Awards for `` Best New Artist '' and `` Best Pop Album of The Year . '' Her second double disc studio album , Tropic Electric ( 2011 ) saw Turner alter her public image and return to her original sound . She released three moderately successful singles `` Rock Paper Scissors , '' `` I Could Stay , '' and `` Love Again . '' which gained her another Juno Award Nomination for `` Best R&B Album . '' Turner is currently finished recording her third album entitled Evolution Inevitable with a new direction of her sound infused with Dancehall , Hip Hop and R&B . Throughout Turner 's career , she has been well known for her style and image . She 's been ranked on Complex magazine list of `` 25 Sexiest International Singers You 've Never Heard Of '' and Much Music 's `` Sexiest Girls list '' in 2008 . She has been featured on multiple major Canadian magazine covers and starred in a national Kit Kat campaign . Her music has been featured on major network television shows such as , `` Entourage '' , `` Desperate Housewives '' , `` Ugly Betty '' , `` Gossip Girl '' , `` The Hills '' , `` Keeping Up With the Kardashians '' , `` Smash '' , `` Lipstick Jungle '' and `` Brothers & Sisters '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bb15bcc714c715eae349eaf85f89ea1a",
"text": "Whitney Houston discography The discography of American singer Whitney Houston ( 1963 -- 2012 ) consists of seven studio albums , six compilations , two soundtrack albums , five box sets , six extended plays , and fifty-seven singles . In 1985 , Houston released her self-titled debut album . It spent fourteen weeks at number one on the Billboard 200 and was certified thirteen times platinum ( Diamond ) by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , with global sales of 25 million copies . The album produced four US top 5 singles , including three Billboard Hot 100 number-ones . In 1987 , Houston released her second album Whitney . The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 and was supported by four US number-one singles : `` I Wan na Dance with Somebody ( Who Loves Me ) '' , `` Did n't We Almost Have It All '' , `` So Emotional '' , and `` Where Do Broken Hearts Go '' , which established an unprecedented seven consecutive number one hits by a performer . Whitney was certified 9 × Platinum by the RIAA and topped the charts in numerous countries , having sold in excess of 20 million copies worldwide . Houston 's third studio album , I 'm Your Baby Tonight ( 1990 ) , peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 chart and yielded two number-one singles ; `` I 'm Your Baby Tonight '' and `` All the Man That I Need '' , selling 10 million units worldwide . In February 1991 , Houston released `` The Star Spangled Banner '' performance from Super Bowl XXV as a single , becoming the highest-charting rendition of the national anthem on the Billboard Hot 100 chart . The Bodyguard soundtrack from her film debut , was released in November 1992 . The album contains tracks by other recording artists but is considered a Houston album by Billboard . It topped the Billboard 200 for twenty non-consecutive weeks , one of the longest tenures by an album in the Nielsen SoundScan era . The album was certified 17 × Platinum the United States and sold over 45 million copies worldwide , becoming the best-selling soundtrack album and one of the top 5 best-selling albums of all time . The lead single from the soundtrack , `` I Will Always Love You '' , topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart for a then-record-breaking fourteen weeks and was certified 6 × Platinum by the RIAA , peaked at number one on the charts in nearly every country and sold 12 million copies worldwide , becoming one of the best-selling singles of all time . Houston contributed three songs , including her eleventh number-one single `` Exhale ( Shoop Shoop ) '' on the 7x platinum soundtrack album , Waiting to Exhale ( November 1995 ) . The following year she released The Preacher 's Wife in November 1996 . The soundtrack was certified 3x Platinum by the RIAA and became the biggest selling gospel album of all time . In 1998 , she released her first studio album in eight years , My Love Is Your Love . The album failed to match the commercial status of her previous albums , peaking at number thirteen , her lowest chart position on the Billboard 200 among her studio albums . Despite initial weak sales , the album went on to achieve multi-platinum status with 11 million units sold worldwide , being certified 4 × Platinum in the United States . From late 1998 to early 2000 , the album generated five singles ; `` When You Believe '' ( duet with Mariah Carey ) , `` Heartbreak Hotel '' , `` It 's Not Right but It 's Okay '' , `` My Love Is Your Love '' , and `` I Learned from the Best '' . Houston entered the 2000s with her first greatest hits compilation , Whitney : The Greatest Hits , released in May 2000 . The double-disc was certified 3 × Platinum by the RIAA in 2002 and earned 5 × Platinum award posthumously , recognizing 2.6 million in sales throughout the United States . The album hit the top position on the UK Albums Chart and sold over 1.66 million copies in the UK alone . Also , it reached the top ten in many worldwide markets , selling 10 million copies globally . Just Whitney , released in December 2002 , became her first album after renewing her contract with Arista for a record $ 100 million in 2001 . The album failed to earn multi-platinum status , receiving only Platinum award in the US , and became her lowest-selling studio album to date . She released a holiday album , One Wish : The Holiday Album in November 2003 . In September 2009 , Houston returned to the top position of the Billboard 200 with I Look to You , becoming her fourth number-one album on the chart ; which was her first non-soundtrack number-one in 22 years , since 1987 's Whitney . It also topped the album charts of several European countries and was certified Platinum by the RIAA . Her albums Whitney Houston , Whitney , The Bodyguard and Whitney : The Greatest Hits are among the top 100 certified albums according to the RIAA . According to the RIAA , Houston is the top-selling R&B female artist of the 20th century , and the fourth best-selling female artist in the United States , with shipments of 57 million albums . In addition , until the launch of the RIAA 's digital certification program in 2004 , she had sold 16.5 million physical singles more than any other female solo artist in history . According to the Official UK Charts Company in October 2012 , Houston is at number four in the top 10 biggest selling female singles artists of all-time list with a sales total of 8.5 million singles . Whitney Houston is one of pop music 's best-selling music artists of all-time , with an estimated 170 -- 200 million records sold worldwide .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "90dca923c4213a98ef505b301e67b642",
"text": "Tina Weymouth Martina Michèle `` Tina '' Weymouth ( born November 22 , 1950 ) is an American musician , best known as a founding member and bassist of the new wave group Talking Heads and its side project Tom Tom Club , which she co-founded with husband and Talking Heads drummer , Chris Frantz .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4177bbcae06bea5ddbd2e3610ce3c9d2",
"text": "What's Love Got to Do with It (song) `` What 's Love Got to Do with It '' is a song recorded by the American singer Tina Turner , released in 1984 . It was taken from her fifth solo album , Private Dancer and became Turner 's most successful single . Although Turner had already scored a UK Top 10 and US Top 30 hit some months earlier with her rendition of `` Let 's Stay Together '' , `` What 's Love Got to Do with It '' gave Turner her first and only US number one . The song ranked # 309 on Rolling Stone magazine 's list of `` The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time '' . It also ranked # 38 on the Songs of the Century list . It was the second-biggest single of 1984 in the US and the 17th-biggest in the United Kingdom . In 1993 , the song 's title was used as the title for the biographical film about Turner 's life . In 2012 , `` What 's Love Got to Do with It '' was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame giving Turner her third Grammy Hall of Fame Award and her eleventh Grammy Award .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6d61c867f45148006c499de33ea6b1aa",
"text": "Patsy Cline discography The discography of Patsy Cline , an American country pop artist , consists of three studio albums , one compilation album , six extended plays , twenty four singles , and seven B-sides . For material released after the artist 's death in 1963 , see Patsy Cline posthumous discography . After performing in a band in 1954 , Cline was signed by Bill McCall to Four Star Records , based in Pasadena , California . She made her first recording session for the label in June 1955 , releasing her debut single , `` A Church , a Courtroom , and Goodbye '' in July . Cline issued seventeen singles to the country music recording charts between 1955 and 1960 ; however , only one of them was a major hit . After releasing the singles `` Hidin ' Out '' , `` I Love You Honey '' , and `` I 've Loved and Lost Again '' , her first single issued in 1957 , entitled `` Walkin ' After Midnight '' , peaked at # 2 on the Billboard Magazine Hot Country Songs list and # 12 on the Top Pop Songs chart . The song 's success spawned Cline 's self-titled debut album , released in August 1957 . Cline 's additional singles between 1958 and 1960 ranged in variations between country , Gospel , and Rockabilly . These songs included such releases as , `` Three Cigarettes ( In an Ashtray ) , '' `` Come On In ( And Make Yourself at Home ) , '' `` Dear God , '' and `` Crazy Dreams . '' In late 1960 , Cline signed with Four Star 's distributor , Decca . Working with producer Owen Bradley , Cline 's musical style changed from Honky Tonk to the Pop-influenced Nashville Sound . Her first Decca release was 1961 's `` I Fall to Pieces , '' which was recorded during her first session for the label . The single became her first number one single on the Billboard Country Chart , while also reaching # 12 on the Pop chart , and # 6 on the Hot Adult Contemporary Tracks list . Her second self-titled extended play was issued in August and contained the hit ; however , due to a major car accident , Cline could not promote the song . Its follow-up , `` Crazy '' , was released in October and became another crossover hit , reaching # 2 on the Billboard Country and Adult Contemporary chart , and # 9 on the Pop chart . Cline 's second studio album was then issued in November 1961 , entitled Patsy Cline Showcase and containing both hits . In its re-release in 1963 , the album peaked at # 73 on the Billboard 200 Albums Chart . Cline 's third Decca single , `` She 's Got You '' was released in January 1962 , and became her fourth major hit , reaching number one on Billboard '' 's Country Chart , # 14 on the Billboard Pop Chart , and # 3 on its Adult Contemporary chart . Because an album was not yet released , the extended play also titled , She 's Got You was released in April . She had two other major country hits that year : `` When I Get Thru ' With You '' ( # 10 ) and `` So Wrong '' ( # 14 ) . Her third and final official studio album named , Sentimentally Yours was released in August and contained `` She 's Got You '' , as well as , `` Heartaches '' , which reached # 31 in the United Kingdom . Many of the singles ' B-sides charted on the Country and Pop chart that year , including `` She 's Got You '' 's flip side , `` Strange '' and `` When I Get Thru ' With You '' 's flip , `` Imagine That '' . Cline released her final single during her lifetime in January 1963 entitled , `` Leavin ' on Your Mind . '' The song became a Top 10 hit on the Billboard '' Country Chart , while also reaching # 83 on the Pop chart . Patsy Cline died March 5 , 1963 in a plane crash in Camden , Tennessee .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b91ba3aa0e234207fd8d58a3e2fa402e",
"text": "This Is Where I Came In (song) `` This Is Where I Came In '' is a song by the Bee Gees . It was the only single from their final album and was featured as the last song performed on the live Bee Gees 1997 PBS special One Night Only before the album release of This Is Where I Came In as an `` experimental '' song at that time the song was titled `` This Is Just ( Where I Came In ) '' before being changed and shortened to the current song title , `` This Is Where I Came In '' , released in 2001 . The song was written by Barry , Robin and Maurice Gibb . It reached no. 18 in the UK and no. 25 in Germany , but was not released in the United States . `` Just in Case '' is a song from 1997 , which was shown in the writing stages on the Bee Gees 1997 documentary Keppel Road . `` I Will Be There '' is a song from 1999 and presumably the demo version for Tina Turner , who recorded it on her 1999 album Twenty Four Seven . The remix version of this song was remixed by DJ Domino , released also in that year also in Universal Records in the United States was edited to 5:07 and the DJ Domino edit was edited to 3:45 . Lead vocals are performed by Robin Gibb on the first verse and on the chorus , while Barry Gibb sang lead on the second verse and sing harmony on the chorus . The song 's music video was directed by Jake Nava .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4d1e35a3622b9b60245fdd2f78ac9cee",
"text": "Show Some Respect `` Show Some Respect '' is a song recorded by recording artist Tina Turner . It was written by Terry Britten and Sue Shifrin and released as the sixth single from her fifth solo album Private Dancer ( 1984 ) . While not released as a single in Europe , it song found moderate success in the US and minor success in Canada . The B-side to `` Show Some Respect '' is a live cover of Prince 's song `` Let 's Pretend We 're Married '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bc0ec9a1da83c27b01ac293c02aa047b",
"text": "Café Naturale Café Naturale is the seventh studio album by singer Wendy Matthews released by BMG in Australia on 24 May 2004 . It is an album of cover songs Matthews and the album 's producer Michael Szumowski chose themselves . Matthews enjoyed recording this album and felt the songs came together naturally , she also felt she broke down some personal barriers . The album yielded only one single , `` All I Need '' . In 2002 , Matthews moved to a coastal haven outside Coffs Harbour , New South Wales . She spent a lot of time in her favourite cafe listening to records and explains `` there 's nothing like a song to bring you back to a specific moment or feeling in time . '' This lead her to name the album Café Naturale . She was also surprised by some of the song choices . Matthews states `` Once we got into the studio the record started to reveal its personality to me . It all came together and the songs , these very melodic songs , started to make themselves known . It just worked . '' Matthews believes this record seems charmed and she 'd love for this record to play in someone 's favourite café and inspire a few memories . The thought behind the album 's cover artwork comes from a painting of a woman on a wall on Edgecliff Road in Sydney , Australia by Bruno Dutot in 1987 . Matthews approached Dutot and she asked him to commission a painting of this woman for her cover . She states `` basically , he 's painted her as me with a chopstick in her hair and my dog at the feet . Every time I 'm in Sydney I have to go and check the lady on the wall , what colour dress she 's wearing this month , whether she 's changed and she looks so cafe society to me , so I 'm thrilled and honoured that he actually did a painting for this cover . '' Matthews states the painting has come to symbolise Sydney for her .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ebeefd8ae3a1e0865370fc106e492c6f",
"text": "Planet Rock (song) `` Planet Rock '' is a 1982 song by Afrika Bambaataa & the Soulsonic Force . The song featured Marvella Murray , Yvette Murray , Melissa Johnson and Sandra Wheeler on additional background vocals . Although it was primarily an underground hit in the United States , Canada , and UK , it helped change the foundations of hip-hop and dance music and became one of the most influential pieces and a milestone and eventually an icon of the hip-hop , breakdance and electronic music cultures . It is credited with pioneering the genre and developing the electro style , building on the work of Kraftwerk , Yellow Magic Orchestra , and George Clinton , combined with distinctive Roland TR-808 beats , and helped pave the way for other genres such as techno , house and trance . In November 2004 , `` Planet Rock '' placed at number 240 on Rolling Stone 's list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and number 10 in About.com 's Top 100 Rap Songs . `` Planet Rock '' peaked at number four on the soul chart and number forty-eight on the Hot 100 , and went to number three on the dance charts .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1590bfadfb4830b5f6aaaeab9427759a",
"text": "Little Sonny Warner Little Sonny Warner ( October 30 , 1930 -- April 12 , 2007 ) was an American blues singer . Haywood S. Warner was born in 1930 in Falls Church , Virginia , and in the early 1950s , Warner sang as a backing vocalist for Van Walls on the Atlantic Records releases `` After Midnight '' and `` Open the Door '' . His career received a boost in 1957 , when he filled in for Lloyd Price at the Apollo Theatre in Harlem . Warner 's biggest hit was saxophonist Big Jay McNeely 's `` There 's Something On Your Mind '' , which became a gold record for Checker Records in 1959 . He performed with James Brown , Etta James and B.B. King . In his later years , Warner often performed at concerts and festivals in Falls Church . He died in his hometown in April 2007 , at the age of 76 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ff7403b4accae1fcdb2d191f262712f4",
"text": "Lloyd Turner (journalist) Lloyd Turner ( 2 October 1938 -- 12 September 1996 ) was a newspaper editor in the United Kingdom . Born in Australia , Turner worked on the Newcastle Morning Herald before moving to England to work as a journalist at the Manchester Evening News . He subsequently relocated to London to work on the Daily Express , where he became Father of the Chapel of the newspaper 's National Union of Journalists . During this period , he founded the `` 84 Club '' , a drinking club , with Peter Tory . After working for many years as chief sub editor of the Express , Turner was appointed editor of its stablemate , the Daily Star . He increased its sales , at the expense of the Daily Mirror , but was sacked in 1987 after being convicted of libelling Jeffrey Archer , by claiming that he had had sex with prostitute Monica Coghlan . Archer was awarded a then-record # 500,000 in damages but , in 2001 , Archer was convicted of perjury and perverting the course of justice at the 1987 trial , and was imprisoned . Out of journalism , Turner bought a farm and began rearing bulls , but returned to journalism as an assistant editor of Today , serving until the paper closed . He then worked as an advisor to the National Farmers Union on BSE until his death , at which time he was planning to again return to an editorial post , this time on the Daily Mail .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
e3998cb92235ee39432d3f08781c426e | Furia is directed by Ingmar Bergman. | [
{
"docid": "34bee7c2e7e6340909f60ae2f533382a",
"text": "Furia (film) Furia is a 1999 French romantic drama film directed by Alexandre Aja , who co-wrote screenplay with Grégory Levasseur , adapted from the science fiction short story `` Graffiti '' by Julio Cortázar . It stars Stanislas Merhar and Marion Cotillard .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "9896ecff30212fe16094438ea310b963",
"text": "Fausto 5.0 Fausto 5.0 is a fantasy film made in Spain and released in 2001 . Fausto 5.0 is the last part of a trilogy dedicated to the figure of Faust . The first two instalments were F@ust 3.0 ( originally a play ) and The Damnation of Faust ( originally an opera ) . All three films were developed for the screen by La Fura dels Baus , an experimental theatre group from Barcelona .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cda03b9e551673c99b6db8da539b79cf",
"text": "Allan Schulman Allan Schulman ( 15 September 1919 -- 12 July 2003 ) was a Swedish-Finnish journalist and television producer . He was the son of the propaganda director Morgan Schulman and the author Tyyni Schulman ( née Krank ) and a member of the noble family Schulman Schulman was born on 15 September 1919 in Helsinki , Finland . He worked as journalist and managing editor at different Swedish newspapers and local radio stations in Finland between 1941 and 1951 , and as producer at YLE between 1950 and 1953 . In the year 1953 he moved to Stockholm to work at Radiotjänst , where he first served as producer and from 1958 as managing producer . As producer he produced Frukostklubben with Sigge Fürst as host . Between 1962 and 1965 he worked as TV producer . During the following years he worked as director of communications at the Swedish Red Cross . Between 1967 and 1984 he worked at Sveriges Radio/Sveriges Television as producer for Kvitt eller dubbelt , Hylands hörna and more . Schulman also a played a role in the 1982 film Flight of the Eagle directed by Jan Troell . He was editor in chief for the Jewish magazine Menorah . Schulman was married to the journalist Eva Schulman ( née Tawaststjerna ) between 1945 and 1974 and together they had four children , Jannecke , Leif , Micaela and Annika ( married Åslund ) . In 1974 he married the journalist Lisette Schulman ( née Stolpe ) and together they had three children , Niklas , Alex and Calle . Schulman died on 12 July 2003 in Stockholm , Sweden , aged 83 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a66677f17fe075363132a08910cb3f91",
"text": "Pernille Fischer Christensen Pernille Fischer Christensen ( born 24 December 1969 ) is a Danish film director and the older sister of actor Stine Fischer Christensen . She started out in the movie business when she was 20 years old as an assistant to Tómas Gislason . During that time , Gislason was closely connected to Lars von Trier , and she got to listen to Gislason and von Trier 's discussions about movies . In 1993 , she went to The European Film College where she met and collaborated with Nanna Arnfred . In 1999 , she graduated from the National Film School of Denmark with the movie India , which later went on to win the Cinéfondations 3rd Prize at the Film festival in Cannes . After finishing film school she made a short film called Habibti My Love , which won a Robert in 2003 for best short subject . Her first feature film , En Soap ( English title : A Soap ) , came out in 2006 and centered on the relationship between a female beauty shop owner and the transsexual living downstairs . The movie starred Trine Dyrholm as the beauty shop owner and David Dencik as the transsexual Veronica , and was written as a collaboration between Pernille Fischer Christensen and Kim Fupz Aakeson . The movie opened at the Berlin Film Festival and won a Silver Bear Jury Grand Prix Award , and was the first ever winner of the Best First Feature Award . Later the movie also won several prizes in Denmark , including a Bodil for best movie . The movie was also nominated for 15 Robert Awards , including Best Movie and Best Screenplay . It did however only win only four awards , Best Actor , Best Actress , Best Editor and Best Make-up . Her next feature film is called Dancers , and the writing has again been a collaboration between Pernille Fischer Christensen and Kim Fupz Aakeson . The movie is `` centred round a dance school run by the bright and lively Annika and her no-nonsense mother '' . As was the case in A Soap , the movie starred Trine Dyrholm . The movie also starred Anders W. Berthelsen and Birthe Neumann . The Danish newspaper Information has listed Dancers as one of the 10 most expected movies of 2008 . Her 2010 film , A Family , was presented at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a46802fe772e689a44a570054a246f72",
"text": "Tiresia Tiresia is a 2003 French film directed by Bertrand Bonello and written by Bonello and Luca Fazzi . Based on the legend of Tiresias , it tells of a transsexual who is kidnapped by a man and left to die in the woods . She is then saved by a family and receives the gift of telling the future . The film stars Laurent Lucas , Clara Choveaux , Thiago Telès and Célia Catalifo . Tiresia was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 2003 Cannes Film Festival .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aa59dbda1ac63b1be7a3a7e53b40e724",
"text": "La Fura dels Baus La Fura dels Baus ( -LSB- ɫə ˈfuɾə ðəɫz ˈβaws -RSB- ) is a Spanish theatrical group founded in 1979 in Barcelona , known for their urban theatre , use of unusual settings and blurring of the boundaries between audience and actor . `` La Fura dels Baus '' in Catalan means `` The ferret from Els Baus '' ( Els Baus is a toponym from the birthplace of two of the founders , Moià ) . According to a 1985 review of their London performance , published in NME , the group `` create a kind of adult adventure playground of fun , danger , slapstick and fantasy '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4b7f6f0c59e9cb9e90d7d8d00e4205ef",
"text": "Luckan Luckan ( Swedish for `` ticket window '' or `` box office '' ) is a network of Finland-Swedish cultural centres in Finland . Currently , there are located in 12 cities and towns in Finland : Helsinki , Kaskinen , Kimitoön , Kirkkonummi , Kokkola , Kristinestad , Närpes , Porvoo , Raseborg , Tampere , Turku and Oulu . Luckan offers its visitors the cultural events , theme days and press conferences , free usage of Internet , information on the Finland-Swedish society . Luckan also offers to read the Swedish-language newspapers and over sixty branch magazines . The center also upholds a website featuring information about the Finland-Swedish society , in English , called Svenskfinland.fi . Luckan gives information on various events , education , Finland-Swedish organisations and societies and social welfare . Luckan was founded in 1992 in Helsinki by Nylands svenska landskapsförbund and Mellannylandsprojektet . The name Luckan comes from its first location in Helsinki , a window near the ticket windows of the Swedish Theatre . In November 1998 Luckan moved into Lasipalatsi/Glaspalatset . By March 2004 Luckan obtained new premises in the building of Forum shopping centre .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b39da083dff06877f6a683b255970af6",
"text": "The Making of Fanny and Alexander The Making of Fanny and Alexander ( Dokument Fanny och Alexander ) is a 1986 Swedish documentary film directed by Ingmar Bergman which traces the making of his film Fanny and Alexander . Its running length is 110 minutes and it is photographed by Arne Carlsson , Bergman 's long time photographic collaborator and former neighbor at the island of Fårö . It documents the full production scope `` behind-the-scenes '' with Bergman , the actors and staff . The film was awarded as `` Best documentary '' at Chicago International Film Festival 1986 and the Golden Gate Award as `` Best film about film '' at San Francisco International Film Festival 1987 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6f9d0a2caea89dacae5f8cd7c5047e82",
"text": "Ingrid von Rosen Ingrid von Rosen ( sometimes cited as Ingrid Bergman ; 17 January 1930 -- 20 May 1995 ) was married to Swedish film director Ingmar Bergman . Born Ingrid Karlebo in Stockholm in 1930 , she was married to the Swedish count Jan-Carl von Rosen in 1953 . In 1971 she married Ingmar Bergman . Ingrid von Rosen died of stomach cancer in 1995 , aged 65 . Her diary is a part of the biographical work Tre dagböcker ( literally : Three diaries ) published in 2004 by Ingmar Bergman and their daughter , author Maria von Rosen . The biography consists of their respective diary entries written around the time Ingrid von Rosen died , after a 24-year marriage to Bergman . In the foreword to the book , Bergman writes that he met Ingrid von Rosen in 1957 and had an on-and-off affair with her until 1969 . During that period , Bergman went through two marriages , with Gun Grut and Käbi Laretei . He also had an affair with actress Liv Ullmann . Maria von Rosen was born in 1959 , the same year Bergman divorced Grut and married Laretei . Ingmar Bergman did not tell Maria he was her father until she was 22 , he writes in the biography . When he married Ingrid von Rosen in 1971 , he had been married four times , and had eight other children , including a daughter with Liv Ullmann . Before publishing the book in 2004 , he never publicly revealed that he was Maria 's father . On 20 August 2007 , her four children requested to have her grave and remains moved from the original site ( Roslagsbro ) to share a plot with her husband on Fårö . Applications to move graves are rare in Sweden , with fewer than ten applications granted each year . The request was granted on 24 October 2007 and the spousal couple 's graves were brought together by the end of May 2008 . The top line of the tombstone inscription reads `` Ingrid Bergman '' , rather than `` Ingrid von Rosen Bergman '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d0049f12ddf68044ef101997a4d08357",
"text": "Only a Mother Only a Mother ( Bara en mor ) is a 1949 Swedish drama film directed by Alf Sjöberg . It is the acting debut of Max Von Sydow .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "930f56fc9b5c3426a4ecd43935ae14d4",
"text": "Secrets of Women Secrets of Women ( Kvinnors väntan also known as Waiting Women ) is a 1952 Swedish film directed by Ingmar Bergman . It was screened within the official selection of Venice Film Festival ( 1953 ) . It is one of Bergman 's early films , and essentially a drama about young relationships told in flashbacks by a group of women . However , as it came to be afterwards : the most memorable part of the film is the humorous elevator-scene between actors Gunnar Björnstrand and Eva Dahlbeck ( a scene that was written as a kind of sketch ) . This scene was Bergman 's first attempt at comedy in film . He later stated it was this scene that made him realize he could write comedy at all , which many say he repeated more successfully in the films A Lesson in Love ( 1954 ) and Smiles of a Summer Night ( 1955 ) . Since its release , Secrets of Women , while not regarded as one of Bergman 's strongest efforts , has nonetheless received positive reviews from film critics .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "18f819bea10db3388c9991d889139aa9",
"text": "Furlana The furlana ( also spelled furlane , forlane , friulana , forlana ) is an Italian folk dance from the Italian region of Friuli Venezia Giulia . In Friulian , furlane means Friulian , in this case Friulian Dance . In Friuli there has been a Slav minority since the Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps , and the furlana may well have originated as a Slavonic dance . It dates at least to 1583 , when a `` ballo furlano '' called L'arboscello was published in Pierre Phalèse the Younger 's Chorearum molliorum collectanea and in Jakob Paix 's organ tablature book , though its chief popularity extended from the late 1690s to about 1750 . It is particularly associated with Venice because , at the time of its popularity , Friuli was a part of the Republic of Venice . The furlana is a fast dance , in duple-time 6/8 , though one exceptional example proves to be in quintuple meter , underlining the Slavonic associations also suggested by its title , Polesana , which in Italian can mean `` a woman from Pola '' ( a city in Istria , neighbouring Friuli and a part of Italy until 1947 ) , or may be from the Croatian word `` polesa '' , meaning `` rural '' , or `` from the back woods '' . Originally the furlana was a courtship dance , performed by a couple . It was introduced to France by André Campra in 1697 ( in L'Europe galante ) and 1699 ( in Le carnaval de Venise , in which the first of two furlanas serves as a dance entry for a troupe of Slavs , Armenians , and Gypsies ) , and it quickly became a popular theatre and social dance there . Pietro Paolo Melii ( active first quarter of the 17th century ) included a `` Furlain volta alla Francese detta la Schapigliata '' in his Intavolatura di Liuto attiorbato , e di Tiorba . Libro Quinto ( Venice , 1620 ) . The piece is written almost entirely in running eighths , and , as so many of Melii 's pieces , makes considerable use of syncopation . François Couperin closed the fourth of his Concerts royaux with a forlane . Johann Sebastian Bach incorporated a forlane in his first orchestral suite . Maurice Ravel recalled the baroque usage in his piano suite Le Tombeau de Couperin , though his Forlane is a rather plaintive piece in moderate time . Another forlane occurs at the end of Ernest Chausson 's piano suite Quelques Danses ( Some Dances ) -- this one far livelier and featuring an alternation between triple and sextuple rhythms . The fourth movement of Gerald Finzi 's Five Bagatelles ( Op. 23 ) is a forlana as is the fourth movement of Richard Harvey 's Concerto Antico for guitar and orchestra .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9dad7b5ae0bece5a307f31d72637f2b1",
"text": "The Passion of Anna The Passion of Anna ( Swedish : En passion , lit . `` A passion '' ) is a 1969 Swedish drama film written and directed by Ingmar Bergman , who was awarded Best Director at the 1971 National Society of Film Critics Awards for the film .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "589c98c9c61ee80db95a0ec9df83e02b",
"text": "Liv Ullmann Liv Johanne Ullmann ( born 16 December 1938 ) is a Norwegian actress and film director . She is known as one of the `` muses '' of Swedish director Ingmar Bergman . Ullmann won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress -- Motion Picture Drama in 1972 for the film The Emigrants ( 1971 ) , and has been nominated for another four . In 2000 , she was nominated for the Palme d'Or for her second directorial feature film , Faithless . She has also received two BAFTA Award nominations for her performances in Scenes from a Marriage ( 1973 ) and Face to Face ( 1976 ) , and two Academy Award nominations for The Emigrants and Face to Face .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d861627a48dd3a7275423acf84388c9c",
"text": "Scenes from a Marriage Scenes from a Marriage ( Scener ur ett äktenskap ) is a 1973 Swedish Television miniseries written and directed by Ingmar Bergman , and starring Liv Ullmann and Erland Josephson . The story explores the disintegration of the marriage between Marianne , a family lawyer specializing in divorce , and Johan , spanning a period of 10 years . Bergman 's teleplay draws on his own experiences , including his relationship with Ullmann . It was shot on a small budget in Stockholm and Fårö in 1972 . After initially airing on Swedish TV in six parts , the miniseries was condensed into a theatrical version and received positive reviews in Sweden and internationally . Scenes from a Marriage was also the subject of controversy for its perceived influence on rising divorce rates in Europe . The film was ineligible for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film , but won the Golden Globe Award for Best Foreign Language Film and several other honours . The miniseries and film version influenced filmmakers such as Woody Allen and Richard Linklater . It was followed by a sequel , Saraband , in 2003 , and stage adaptations .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e7e3c92fdd7b9d2c4eae82d45f47519d",
"text": "Ingo Petzke Ingo Petzke ( born 18 September 1947 in Belm near Osnabrück in Germany ) is an internationally acknowledged German film scholar , filmmaker and author . Ingo Petzke grew up in Osnabrück . He attended the Münster and Bochum universities and received his master 's degree in 1973 ( Journalism , Scandinavian Studies , Modern History ) . Petzke started his professional career in 1976 in Bad Oeynhausen as one of Germany 's youngest directors of an adult education school but fell more and more to the lure of Film . For several years he worked in the Festivalkommission of Internationale Kurzfilmtage Oberhausen and together with his students ( Heiko Daxl and others ) started the Osnabrück Experimentalfilm Workshop in 1980 which since 1988 is known as European Media Art Festival . In 1974 he was adjunct lecturer for film at Ruhr Universität Bochum and between 1978 -- 1983 at Universität Osnabrück . Since then he lectured in 29 countries , among them New Zealand , Hong Kong , Chile , Argentina , the US of A and Canada . In 1986 the Philippine government awarded him for „ International Contribution to Philippine Independent Cinema `` His ( experimental ) shorts screened at numerous domestic and foreign festivals . 1976 -- 2000 his company CINE PRO acted as sole German distributor specialised in Avant-garde/Experimental Film . During the 80s Petzke was a member of the Film Commission of Goethe-Institut - German Culture Institute , for which he curated several packages of Experimental films and Shorts . Since 1983 Petzke has been Professor for Film at the Design Faculty of the University of Applied Sciences Würzburg-Schweinfurt . He lived and worked several turns in Australia : 1992 as Visiting Professor at Queensland University of Technology in Brisbane and 2001 - 2006 as Associate Professor at Bond University on the Gold Coast . In 2004 he earned his `` PhD by Published Works '' about Experimental Film . Additionally , he was awarded a Dr. phil . degree in 2006 at Universität Osnabrück with a film historical dissertation about Hollywood-based Australian feature film director Phillip Noyce . In 2008 he was appointed Adjunct Professor at the James Cook University 's School of Creative Arts and in 2009 appointed Honorary Fellow of the Cairns Institute ( For Research in the Tropics ) , both in Far-North Queensland , Australia . His main areas of interest are the history of the international Avant-garde ( since 2008 , he is also Director of the ( German ) Research Center for Experimental Film ) and more recently Australian film . Also , he has frequently done research into curriculum development , particularly for the German Federal government . Petzke is a member of the German Film Critics Association ( VdFk ) and of Screen Producers Association of Australia ( SPAA ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bdec67687d0518a6d6fdefd2f74981a3",
"text": "Polonia-Express Polonia-Express is an East German film directed by Kurt Jung-Alsen . It was released in 1957 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cd0ace1270f626365441a3fbd3d36d96",
"text": "Unsimulated sex Unsimulated sex is the presentation in a film of sex scenes where the actors engage in an actual sex act , and are not just miming or simulating the actions . At one time in the United States such scenes were restricted by law and self-imposed industry standards such as the Motion Picture Production Code . Films showing explicit sexual activity were confined to privately distributed underground films , such as stag films or `` porn loops '' . Beginning in the late 1960s , most notably with Blue Movie by Andy Warhol , mainstream cinemas began pushing boundaries in terms of what was presented on screen . Although the vast majority of sexual situations depicted in mainstream cinema are simulated ( in early pornography , the main actors engaged in simulated sex , with inserts placed in the film ) , on rare occasions actors engage in real sex . The difference between these films and pornography is that , while such scenes might be considered erotic , the intent of these films is not solely pornographic . Notable examples include two of the eight Bedside-films and the six Zodiac-films from the 1970s , all of which were produced in Denmark and had many pornographic sex scenes , but were nevertheless considered mainstream films ( they all had mainstream casts and crews , and premiered in mainstream cinemas ) . The last of these films , Agent 69 Jensen i Skyttens tegn , was made in 1978 . From the end of the 1970s until the late 1990s it was rare to see hardcore scenes in mainstream cinema , but this changed with the success of Lars von Trier 's The Idiots ( 1998 ) , which heralded a wave of art-house films with explicit content , such as Romance ( 1999 ) , Baise-moi ( 2000 ) , Intimacy ( 2001 ) , Vincent Gallo 's The Brown Bunny ( 2003 ) , and Michael Winterbottom 's 9 Songs ( 2004 ) . Some simulated sex scenes are sufficiently realistic that critics mistakenly believe that they are real , such as the cunnilingus scene in the 2006 film Red Road .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0211212dc850dd22a956a6403aff9de8",
"text": "The Magic Flute (2006 film) The Magic Flute is Kenneth Branagh 's English-language film version of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 's singspiel Die Zauberflöte . The film is a co-production between France & the UK , produced by Idéale Audience and in association with UK 's The Peter Moores Foundation . In November 2005 , it was announced that , as part of the 250th anniversary celebration of Mozart 's birthday , a new film version of The Magic Flute , set during World War I , was to be made , directed by Kenneth Branagh , with a translation by Stephen Fry . The film was presented at the Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2006 , at the Venice Film Festival on 8 September of that year , and released in Switzerland on 5 April 2007 . It has played in many European countries . The film , with a soundtrack performed by the Chamber Orchestra of Europe conducted by James Conlon , is the first motion picture version of the opera specifically intended for cinemas . Ingmar Bergman 's 1975 film version was made for Swedish television and only later released to theatres . Branagh 's version was shot in Super 35 and released in anamorphic widescreen , while Bergman 's was filmed in Academy ratio for television sets of the 1970s . A DVD of the film was released in France in August 2007 with a bonus soundtrack CD ( lasting around 79 minutes ) and a `` Making of '' featurette ( 50 minutes ) . The film has also been released on DVD in the Netherlands ( in a three-disc set ) , Finland , Argentina , and Japan . Revolver Entertainment is giving the film a theatrical release in the United States in June 2013 , seven years after its premiere in Europe .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "181eef02605d8636f580192bb0d531dd",
"text": "Se arrienda Se Arrienda ( For Rent ) is a 2005 Chilean film directed by Alberto Fuguet and starring Luciano Cruz-Coke . The film follows the fictional life of Gastón Fernández , a composer in his thirties who has achieved little career success since composing the score to a B movie during his time as a student .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "67286a8c390c49eecc6617e0b722ab6b",
"text": "Forest Creatures Forest Creatures ( Šuma summarum ) is a 2010 Croatian comedy film directed by Ivan-Goran Vitez .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
3599aafa099a0d90b042f535c2a3e029 | Steve Buscemi has appeared in multiple films by the Coen brothers. | [
{
"docid": "853c8d54c1e71e379e931d586afe31dc",
"text": "Steve Buscemi Steven Vincent Buscemi ( -LSB- buːˈsɛmi -RSB- born December 13 , 1957 ) is an American actor and film director . Buscemi has starred and supported in successful Hollywood and indie films , including Parting Glances , New York Stories , Mystery Train , Reservoir Dogs , Desperado , Con Air , Armageddon , The Grey Zone , Ghost World , Big Fish , and The Sopranos . He is also known for his appearances in many films by the Coen brothers : Miller 's Crossing , Barton Fink , The Hudsucker Proxy , Fargo , and The Big Lebowski . Buscemi provides the voice of Randall Boggs in the Monsters , Inc. franchise . From 2010 to 2014 , he portrayed Enoch `` Nucky '' Thompson in the critically acclaimed series Boardwalk Empire , which earned him two Screen Actors Guild Awards , a Golden Globe , and two nominations for an Emmy Award . He made his directorial debut in 1996 , with Trees Lounge , in which he also starred . Other works include Animal Factory ( 2000 ) , Lonesome Jim ( 2005 ) and Interview ( 2007 ) . He has also directed numerous episodes of TV shows , including Homicide : Life on the Street , The Sopranos , Oz , 30 Rock , and Nurse Jackie . He currently hosts the Emmy Award-winning AOL On comedy talk-show Park Bench .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "5a1d800f3a58ce0e26dc0d8caddded51",
"text": "Goodfellas Goodfellas ( stylized as GoodFellas ) is a 1990 American crime film directed by Martin Scorsese . It is an adaptation of the 1986 non-fiction book Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi , who co-wrote the screenplay with Scorsese . The film narrates the rise and fall of mob associate Henry Hill and his friends over a period from 1955 to 1980 . Scorsese initially named the film Wise Guy and postponed making it ; later , he and Pileggi changed the name to Goodfellas . To prepare for their roles in the film , Robert De Niro , Joe Pesci , and Ray Liotta often spoke with Pileggi , who shared research material left over from writing the book . According to Pesci , improvisation and ad-libbing came out of rehearsals wherein Scorsese gave the actors freedom to do whatever they wanted . The director made transcripts of these sessions , took the lines he liked best , and put them into a revised script , which the cast worked from during principal photography . Made on a budget of $ 25 million , Goodfellas grossed $ 46.8 million . It received positive reviews from critics and was nominated for six Academy Awards , including Best Picture and Best Director , with Pesci winning Best Actor in a Supporting Role . The film won five awards from the British Academy of Film and Television Arts , including Best Film and Best Director . Additionally , Goodfellas was named the year 's best film by various critics ' groups . Goodfellas is widely regarded as one of the greatest films in the crime genre . In 2000 , it was deemed `` culturally , historically , and aesthetically significant '' and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress . Its content and style have been emulated in numerous other films and television shows .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1a1390660200817b1e4b074567bf1255",
"text": "The Simpsons Movie The Simpsons Movie is a 2007 American animated comedy film based on the Fox television series The Simpsons . The film was directed by David Silverman , and stars the regular television cast of Dan Castellaneta , Julie Kavner , Nancy Cartwright , Yeardley Smith , Hank Azaria , Harry Shearer , Tress MacNeille , Pamela Hayden , Marcia Wallace , and Russi Taylor with guest appearances by Tom Hanks , Green Day , and Albert Brooks . The film follows Homer Simpson , whose irresponsibility gets the better of him when he pollutes the lake in Springfield after the town has cleaned it up following receipt of a warning from the Environmental Protection Agency . As the townspeople exile him and eventually his family abandons him , Homer works to redeem his folly by stopping Russ Cargill , the fictional head of the EPA , when he intends to destroy Springfield . Previous attempts to create a The Simpsons film failed due to the lack of a script of appropriate length and production crew members . Eventually , producers James L. Brooks , Matt Groening , Al Jean , Richard Sakai , and Mike Scully began development of the film in 2001 . A writing team consisting of Brooks , Groening , Jean , Scully , Ian Maxtone-Graham , George Meyer , David Mirkin , Mike Reiss , Matt Selman , John Swartzwelder , and Jon Vitti was assembled . They conceived numerous plot ideas , with Groening 's being the one developed into a film . The script was re-written over a hundred times , and this creativity continued after the animation had begun in 2006 . This meant hours of finished material was cut , which included cameo roles from Erin Brockovich , Minnie Driver , Isla Fisher , Kelsey Grammer , and Edward Norton . Hanks and Green Day appeared in the final cut as themselves . Tie-in promotions were made with several companies , including Burger King and 7-Eleven , the latter which transformed selected stores into Kwik-E-Marts . The film premiered in Springfield , Vermont , which had won the right to hold it through a competition organized by Fox . The film was a critical and commercial success , grossing over $ 527 million worldwide .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f4b32a9f71cf7276e982ef5eb2cb0e96",
"text": "Crossroads (1986 film) Crossroads is a 1986 American coming-of-age musical drama film inspired by the legend of blues musician Robert Johnson . Starring Ralph Macchio , Joe Seneca and Jami Gertz , the film was written by John Fusco and directed by Walter Hill and features an original score featuring Ry Cooder and Steve Vai on the soundtrack 's guitar , and harmonica by Sonny Terry . Vai also appears in the film as the devil 's guitar player in the climactic guitar duel . Fusco was a traveling blues musician prior to attending New York University 's Tisch School of the Arts , where he wrote Crossroads as an assignment in a master class led by the screenwriting giants Waldo Salt and Ring Lardner , Jr. . The student screenplay won first place in the national FOCUS Awards ( Films of College and University Students ) and sold to Columbia Pictures while Fusco was still a student .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d8ebca8db3a406b00738dadd757f7f69",
"text": "Across the Universe (film) Across the Universe is a 2007 British-American jukebox musical romantic drama film directed by Julie Taymor , centered on songs by the English rock band the Beatles . The script is based on an original story credited to Taymor , Dick Clement , and Ian La Frenais . It incorporates 34 compositions originally written by members of the Beatles . The film stars Jim Sturgess , Evan Rachel Wood , Joe Anderson and T.V. Carpio , and introduces Dana Fuchs and Martin Luther McCoy as actors . Cameo appearances are made by Bono , Eddie Izzard , Joe Cocker , and Salma Hayek , among others . Opening to mixed reviews , Across the Universe was nominated for both a Golden Globe and an Academy Award . Two members of the supporting cast , Carol Woods and Timothy T. Mitchum , performed as part of a special Beatles tribute at the 50th Grammy Awards .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9644aee915a6d96e76d4acec602f536f",
"text": "Brothers (2009 film) Brothers is a 2009 American psychological war drama film and a remake of Susanne Bier 's Danish film Brødre ( 2004 ) , which takes place in Afghanistan and Denmark . The film stars Tobey Maguire , Jake Gyllenhaal , and Natalie Portman , and is directed by Jim Sheridan . Both films take inspiration from Homer 's epic poem , the Odyssey . The film received a mixed to positive response and grossed $ 43 million . Tobey Maguire received particular praise for his performance and received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor in a Motion Picture Drama for his performance .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "06a5cfe8d0589c2e5b584f3e5238f6e4",
"text": "Dream Boy (film) Dream Boy is a 2008 gay-themed romantic drama film written and directed by James Bolton and based on Jim Grimsley 's 1995 novel of the same name about two gay teenagers who fall in love in the rural South during the late 1970s .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2c0e4812a7ce10d2cf8beca649ea1d36",
"text": "Lee Majors Lee Majors ( born Harvey Lee Yeary ; April 23 , 1939 ) is an American film , television and voice actor . Majors is best known for portraying the roles of Heath Barkley in the American television Western series The Big Valley ( 1965 -- 1969 ) , Colonel Steve Austin in the American television science fiction action series The Six Million Dollar Man ( 1973 -- 1978 ) , and Colt Seavers in American television action series The Fall Guy ( 1981 -- 1986 ) . In the television series The Six Million Dollar Man , Steve Austin takes on special high-risk government missions using his superhuman bionic powers . The television character Steve Austin became a pop culture icon of the 1970s . Majors reprised the role of Colonel Steve Austin in several bionic reunion television movies in the late 1980s and 1990s . He appeared in a number of supporting , recurring and cameo roles in feature films and television series , and lent his voice to a number of animated TV series and video games .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "01ac3b808a820d20835904723044fd38",
"text": "28 Days (film) 28 Days is a 2000 American comedy-drama film directed by Betty Thomas . Sandra Bullock plays Gwen Cummings , a newspaper columnist obliged to enter rehabilitation for alcoholism . The film costars Viggo Mortensen , Dominic West , Elizabeth Perkins , Steve Buscemi , and Diane Ladd .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ff1b3ef46fd370d719864961cdbcf113",
"text": "Jake Busey William Jacob `` Jake '' Busey ( born June 15 , 1971 ) is an American actor , musician and film producer . He is sometimes credited as Jacob Busey or William Busey . Busey was born in Los Angeles , and raised in Malibu , California , the son of photographer Judy Lynn Helkenberg , and actor Gary Busey . Busey spent his childhood on film sets and touring with bands in which his father played . He began considering his career choices at the age of five when he took up the two hobbies that grew into professions : acting and playing drums .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ce37dbcc323b056860ac87e7f3c05e02",
"text": "Orion Pictures Orion Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture producer and distributor that produced and released films from 1978 until 1999 , and was also involved in television production and syndication throughout the 1980s until the early 1990s . It was formed in 1978 as a joint venture between Warner Bros. and three former top-level executives of United Artists . Although it was never a large motion picture producer , Orion achieved a comparatively high reputation for Hollywood quality . Woody Allen , James Cameron , Jonathan Demme , Oliver Stone , and several other prominent directors worked with Orion during its most successful years from 1978 to 1992 . Of the films distributed by Orion , four won Academy Awards for Best Picture : Amadeus ( 1984 ) , Platoon ( 1986 ) , Dances with Wolves ( 1990 ) , and The Silence of the Lambs ( 1991 ) . Two other Orion films , Hannah and Her Sisters ( 1986 ) and Mississippi Burning ( 1988 ) , were nominated for that same category . In 2013 , Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer revived the Orion name for television ; a year later Orion Pictures was quietly relaunched by the studio .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1ba79b6132cccd824a07d9701c986249",
"text": "O Brother, Where Art Thou? O Brother , Where Art Thou ? is a 2000 adventure film written , produced , and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen , and starring George Clooney , John Turturro , and Tim Blake Nelson , with John Goodman , Holly Hunter , and Charles Durning in supporting roles . Set in 1937 rural Mississippi during the Great Depression , the film 's story is a modern satire loosely based on Homer 's epic poem , Odyssey . The title of the film is a reference to the 1941 film Sullivan 's Travels , in which the protagonist ( a director ) wants to film O Brother , Where Art Thou ? , a fictional book about the Great Depression . Much of the music used in the film is period folk music , including that of Virginia bluegrass singer Ralph Stanley . The movie was one of the first to extensively use digital color correction , to give the film an autumnal , sepia-tinted look . The film received positive reviews , and the American folk music soundtrack won a Grammy for Album of the Year in 2001 . The original band soon became popular after the film release and the country and folk musicians who were dubbed into the film , such as John Hartford , Alison Krauss , Emmylou Harris , Gillian Welch , Chris Sharp , and others , joined together to perform the music from the film in a Down from the Mountain concert tour which was filmed for TV and DVD .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "191ef0077c7883f2dd598fb550444edd",
"text": "The Cobbler (2014 film) The Cobbler is a 2014 American magic realism comedy-drama film directed by Tom McCarthy and co-written by McCarthy with Paul Sado . The film stars Adam Sandler , Dan Stevens , Dustin Hoffman and Steve Buscemi . It was screened in the Special Presentations section at the 2014 Toronto International Film Festival . The film was released on March 13 , 2015 , by Image Entertainment . The film was panned by critics and was a box office bomb .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9805cfda6b3725b9590c2c0272947beb",
"text": "Duets (film) Duets is a 2000 American road trip film co-produced and directed by Bruce Paltrow and written by John Byrum . The motion picture features an ensemble cast co-starring Gwyneth Paltrow , Paul Giamatti , Maria Bello , Scott Speedman , Andre Braugher , Huey Lewis and Angie Dickinson , among others . The movie `` revolves around the little known world of karaoke competitions and the wayward characters who inhabit it . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ef5e5cd417b2dacfd9af51deb8e16c94",
"text": "Tony Blundetto Anthony `` Tony '' Blundetto , played by Steve Buscemi , is a fictional character on the HBO TV series The Sopranos . He is Tony Soprano 's cousin who is released from prison at the beginning of the show 's fifth season . Upon release , Tony Blundetto begins to pursue a straight , non-criminal life . However , he is eventually overpowered by the challenges of civilian life and turns back to crime , dragging the DiMeo Crime Family into the Lupertazzi Crime Family 's power struggle . For his work in season 5 , Buscemi received critical acclaim and was nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "85f4c787f6f6f4f7d05688d732622ad7",
"text": "Drive-In (film) Drive-In is a 1976 American comedy film directed by Rod Amateau and written by Bob Peete . The film stars Lisa Lemole , Gary Lee Cavagnaro , Glenn Morshower , Billy Milliken , Lee Newsom and Regan Kee . The film was released on May 26 , 1976 , by Columbia Pictures .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6dfef7935bd1fb452849d44a47c997ae",
"text": "Bring It On: In It to Win It Bring It On : In It to Win It is a 2007 teen film directed by Steve Rash and starring Ashley Benson , Cassie Scerbo and Michael Copon . It is the fourth film in the Bring It On franchise , which focuses on competitive cheerleading . It was shot at Universal Orlando Resort in Orlando , United States . It was released direct-to-video on December 18 , 2007 . There are no recurring cast members or canonical references to its predecessors . Only Steve Rash , who also directed the previous film , Bring It On : All or Nothing , returned to direct this film . The film stylistically refers to its predecessors in that it opens with a choreographed routine that turns out to be a dream sequence of the protagonist and the end credits feature outtakes and clips of the cast having fun dancing .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b31305df864419575b5fd70f08701414",
"text": "Better Off Dead (film) Better Off Dead is a 1985 American teen romantic comedy film starring John Cusack and written and directed by Savage Steve Holland . It tells the story of high school student Lane Myer who is suicidal after his girlfriend breaks up with him shortly before Christmas .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f13d8108b44d15886f05fa1f65506ea8",
"text": "Fantastic Voyage Fantastic Voyage is a 1966 American science fiction film directed by Richard Fleischer and written by Harry Kleiner , based on a story by Otto Klement and Jerome Bixby . The film is about a submarine crew who shrink to microscopic size and venture into the body of an injured scientist to repair the damage to his brain . The original story took place in the 19th century and was meant to be a Jules Verne -- style adventure with a sense of wonder . Kleiner abandoned all but the concept of miniaturization and added a Cold War element . The film starred Stephen Boyd , Raquel Welch , Edmond O'Brien , and Donald Pleasence . Bantam Books obtained the rights for a paperback novelization based on the screenplay and approached Isaac Asimov to write it . Because the novelization was released six months before the movie , many people mistakenly believed the film was based on Asimov 's book . The movie inspired an animated television series .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ef6c99dc2d2bbf219a98de017fa26f63",
"text": "Albert Salmi Albert Salmi ( March 11 , 1928 -- April 22 , 1990 ) was an American actor of stage , film , and television . He was noted as a character actor and appeared in over 150 film and television productions .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b3c95d6b6f0e5fc404bce953042aa238",
"text": "Film director A film director is a person who directs the making of a film . Generally , a film director controls a film 's artistic and dramatic aspects and visualizes the screenplay ( or script ) while guiding the technical crew and actors in the fulfillment of that vision . The director has a key role in choosing the cast members , production design , and the creative aspects of filmmaking . Under European Union law , the director is viewed as the author of the film . The film director gives direction to the cast and crew and creates an overall vision through which a film eventually becomes realized , or noticed . Directors need to be able to mediate differences in creative visions and stay within the boundaries of the film 's budget . There are many pathways to becoming a film director . Some film directors started as screenwriters , cinematographers , film editors or actors . Other film directors have attended a film school . Directors use different approaches . Some outline a general plotline and let the actors improvise dialogue , while others control every aspect , and demand that the actors and crew follow instructions precisely . Some directors also write their own screenplays or collaborate on screenplays with long-standing writing partners . Some directors edit or appear in their films , or compose the music score for their films .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
a9fbeb9b79dcf109d118cd35415244de | Alicia Vikander did not appear in The Fifth Estate. | [
{
"docid": "83bed0e8c46272541b9a0ea4ac83ef80",
"text": "Alicia Vikander Alicia Amanda Vikander ( -LSB- aˈliːsɪa vɪˈkandɛr -RSB- ; born 3 October 1988 ) is a Swedish actress and former dancer . Born and raised in Gothenburg , she began acting as a child in minor stage productions at The Göteborg Opera and trained as a ballet dancer at the Royal Swedish Ballet School in Stockholm and the School of American Ballet in New York . She began her professional acting career by appearing in Swedish short films and television series and first gained recognition in Northern Europe for her role as Josefin Björn-Tegebrandt in the TV drama Andra Avenyn ( 2008 -- 10 ) . Vikander made her feature film debut in Pure ( 2010 ) , for which she won the Guldbagge Award for Best Actress . She attracted widespread recognition in 2012 for portraying Princess Ekaterina `` Kitty '' Alexandrovna Shcherbatskaya in Joe Wright 's film adaptation of Anna Karenina and Queen Caroline Mathilde in the acclaimed Danish film A Royal Affair , receiving a BAFTA Rising Star Award nomination . She went on to star in the 2013 Swedish drama film Hotell and appeared in the Julian Assange-biopic The Fifth Estate that same year . In 2014 and 2015 , Vikander achieved global recognition and acclaim for her roles as activist Vera Brittain in Testament of Youth , a humanoid robot in Ex Machina ( for which she was nominated for the Golden Globe and BAFTA Award for Best Supporting Actress ) and painter Gerda Wegener in The Danish Girl , for which she received the Academy Award and the Screen Actors Guild Award for Best Supporting Actress , among other awards .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "f8f633df7110a51878a96762077d6424",
"text": "The World Is Not Enough (novel) The World Is Not Enough , published in 1999 , is the fifth novel by Raymond Benson featuring Ian Fleming 's secret agent , James Bond based on the 1999 film of the same name . It was only the second James Bond novel copyrighted by Ian Fleming Publications ( formerly Glidrose Publications ) . It was published in the United Kingdom by Hodder & Stoughton and in the United States by Putnam .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6eb6548b4b51f776e4702cf79e2a062e",
"text": "Parenthood (season 5) The fifth season of the American television series Parenthood premiered on September 26 , 2013 and concluded on April 17 , 2014 . It consisted of 22 episodes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4472509443bc841565bd13ca1b46a265",
"text": "5th Season 5th Season is the fourth studio album by the German progressive metal band Dreamscape .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "24c8d6820efc4dab8ca0037d6a014a04",
"text": "The Moor's Last Sigh The Moor 's Last Sigh is the fifth novel by Salman Rushdie , published in 1995 . It is set in the Indian cities of Bombay and Cochin .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fec972b548578862c569fc98fc1ab821",
"text": "Fifth Amendment Fifth Amendment may refer to : Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution , part of the Bill of Rights , which protects against the abuse of government authority in legal proceedings Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of Ireland , a referendum related to the Roman Catholic Church and other religious denominations Australian referendum , 1967 ( Aboriginals ) , the fifth amendment to the Constitution of Australia , regarding the constitutional position of Indigenous Australians Fifth Amendment of the Constitution of South Africa , which made technical changes relating to the election of the National Assembly and the structure of the Financial and Fiscal Commission Fifth Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan Fifth Amendment , album by The Vibrators",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "74ad0349456544aad417e423faa13516",
"text": "The Weird Villa The Weird Villa is a 2004 Khmer psychological thriller that was advertised as being based on actual events which took place during the French colonial period of Cambodia 's history . With a plot line steeped in psychological horror , the movie echos the styles and themes of numerous classic foreign thrillers such as the South Korean horror film A Tale of Two Sisters , a movie which features the appearance of a similar stepmother character . The film 's setting also resembled the American-Spanish The Others ( 2001 ) in creating a haunted house atmosphere , although this setting is also one common feature of Khmer stories and movies . Some poltergeists and paranormal occurrences during the climax of the movie appear to be a nod to several scenes from M. Night Shyamalan 's The Sixth Sense .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "024fcb2776c4c845378bed7abb56db25",
"text": "True Crime (1996 film) True Crime is a 1996 film that was directed and written by Pat Verducci . It starred Alicia Silverstone and Kevin Dillon .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9b6b8645dc47cdf533d6ff98cd760392",
"text": "The Dead Town The Dead Town is the fifth and final novel of Dean Koontz 's Frankenstein series .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e51d94f981bf1cdb6f889821e87e757a",
"text": "Paul Vandervort Paul Jeffrey Vandervort ( born February 5 , 1985 ) is an American actor , film producer , and former model . Vandervort first appeared on the reality television series `` The Janice Dickinson Modeling Agency '' during season 4 . During his time there he was attracted to another model , Traci . He is known on the modeling front , most notably for landing a national modeling campaign for Abercrombie & Fitch in 2008 . Since , he has modeled for Ed Hardy , Zoom ! Whitening , and Nike , as well as other companies . One year after making his television debut , Vandervort continued to appear in other TV shows and in 2010 made the switch to film appearing in several TV movies . He currently resides in Los Angeles since 2008 . Vandervort serves as CEO of the 2013 formed media production company , ( VEI ) Vandervort Entertainment Inc. . VEI shot their first film , Hollywood Miles in April 2014 . VEI 's first full-length feature film , `` Limelight '' , a screenplay written by Vandervort that he also starred in , was filmed in Los Angeles and Bel Air in Summer 2015 and completed post-production in late 2016 . Worldwide sales rights for Limelight were acquired by Taylor & Dodge and the movie is scheduled to premiere and begin distribution in early 2017 . Vandervort Entertainment Inc. has two new feature films scheduled for pre-production in 2017 . Craigslist Mafia , and an Untitled Thriller written by Paul Vandervort and his Limelight co-star Sean Kanan . In Summer 2016 , Vandervort took on his first project as director . The project is tentatively titled `` Welcome to my World '' which is a teenage sports drama awaiting a series pickup .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8aa0bf8e92249a42b2bc9b6744c81d05",
"text": "Virtuous Wives Virtuous Wives is a lost 1918 American silent drama film directed by George Loane Tucker , and stars Anita Stewart . Future gossip columnist Hedda Hopper ( billed as Mrs. DeWolf Hopper ) co-starred . Based on the novel of the same name by Owen Johnson , the film was produced Anita Stewart 's , production company . It was also the first film produced by Louis B. Mayer . It is not known whether the film currently survives .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4bd837d9ea152e4485968d5ab22be8ab",
"text": "Park Cinq 785 Fifth Avenue , usually called the Park Cinq , ( Park-V ) , is a luxury , cooperative apartment building on Fifth Avenue at the corner of 60th Street in Manhattan . The eighteen-story building was constructed by the Fisher Brothers developers in 1960 . The Park Cinq shares its Fifth Avenue block with the Sherry Netherland Hotel . The building has eighteen stories and a penthouse . The upper floors offer `` sweeping Central Park views . '' The year the building opened , the New York Times described it as containing sixty-six `` mansions , '' and described it as being `` the world 's most luxurious multiple dwelling . '' Among the luxury details considered remarkable in that era where the presence of telephone outlets in every room and special windows designed to keep out noise . There were also marble bathrooms and parquet floors , but the entire building was in modern style unlike the traditional Renaissance and Georgian styles of older buildings in the neighborhood . The building 's dedication was attended by Prince and Princess Serge Belosselsky-Belozersky . Notable residents have included David Geffen , Denise Rich , and Robert A. Daly . Shipping tycoon Daniel K. Ludwig lived in the penthouse when the building first opened .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3348ee2a7f3313275e721fbd9f5b41c7",
"text": "Kapiushon Kapiushon is the seventeen episode of the fifth season of Arrow . The episode features Oliver Queen being tortured by main villain Adrian Chase after being captured in the previous episode . Malcolm Merlyn and Evelyn Sharp return in this episode . The episode received acclaim from critics and has been dubbed the best episode of the season . The episode is notable in the fact it is primarily a flashback episode and primarily only features Oliver Queen and Adrian Chase while having minor roles from Evelyn Sharp , Diggle , Curtis Holt and Felicity Smoak",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cb05879aced42fd1a601c3f79d7295b6",
"text": "Mindhunters Mindhunters is a 2004 American-British crime thriller film directed by Renny Harlin and starring Kathryn Morris , LL Cool J , Jonny Lee Miller , Patricia Velásquez , Clifton Collins , Jr. , Christian Slater and Val Kilmer . It was written by Wayne Kramer and Kevin Brodbin ( with an uncredited rewrite by Ehren Kruger ) . Unusually , the last country to receive this film was the United States in 2005 , because of the film 's distribution rights being changed from 20th Century Fox to Dimension Films .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1beec950f0c0bd5d44b4afa010f5dfc5",
"text": "Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series, season 5) The fifth season of the CBS crime drama series Hawaii Five-0 premiered on Friday , September 26 , 2014 , and concluded on May 8 , 2015 with a two-hour season finale . The season consisted of 25 episodes . For the 2014 -- 15 U.S. television season , the fifth season of Hawaii Five-0 ranked 20 with an average of 12.28 million viewers .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0c2354bdfe3d316c78ab2cea45054fe0",
"text": "The Hours (film) The Hours is a 2002 British-American drama film directed by Stephen Daldry , and starring Meryl Streep , Julianne Moore and Nicole Kidman . Supporting roles are played by Ed Harris , John C. Reilly , Stephen Dillane , Jeff Daniels , Miranda Richardson , Allison Janney , Toni Collette and Claire Danes . The screenplay by David Hare is based on Michael Cunningham 's 1999 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same title . The plot focuses on three women of different generations whose lives are interconnected by the novel Mrs Dalloway by Virginia Woolf . These are Clarissa Vaughan ( Streep ) , a New Yorker preparing an award party for her AIDS-stricken long-time friend and poet , Richard ( Harris ) in 2001 ; Laura Brown ( Moore ) , a pregnant 1950s California housewife with a young boy and an unhappy marriage ; and Virginia Woolf ( Kidman ) herself in 1920s England , who is struggling with depression and mental illness while trying to write her novel . The film was released in Los Angeles and New York City on Christmas Day 2002 , and was given a limited release in the United States and Canada two days later on December 27 , 2002 . It did not receive a wide release in North America until January 2003 , and was then released in British cinemas on Valentine 's Day that year . Critical reaction to the film was mostly positive , with nine Academy Award nominations for The Hours including Best Picture , and a win for Nicole Kidman as Best Actress .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "971c0eb4803143802d8f0c11fc282d65",
"text": "Alan Grofield Alan Grofield is a fictional character created by Donald E. Westlake . He is the main protagonist of four of the 28 novels Westlake has written under the pseudonym Richard Stark , and a supporting character in an additional four . Grofield 's first appearance was in the novel The Score , which was published in 1964 . A career criminal and professional thief , Grofield is a devilishly handsome and charming womanizer whose main passion in life is the stage . This love of theatre does not extend to cinema ; Grofield has a deep disdain for television and film acting , and despite the fact that film and TV roles can be lucrative , Grofield will not pursue acting opportunities in these fields . The primary reason he steals is to keep his summer stock company running , and he might well quit his second profession if he could make a living through his first -- but he finds his second profession fulfilling as well . During the events of The Score , Grofield meets his future wife and acting partner , Mary Deegan , a hostage taken during the heist in that novel , who insists on leaving town with him . She is referenced in the Grofield novels , and features prominently in Lemons Never Lie . She helps him run his theater , and serves as his leading lady . Grofield is very happy with her , but feels no compunction about being with other women when he 's away on a heist . Unlike his frequent companion Parker , Grofield is a somewhat inconsistent character , and his adventures run the gamut from hard-boiled crime stories ( Lemons Never Lie ) to more fanciful , James Bond-style globetrotting and intrigue ( The Damsel , The Dame , and The Blackbird ) . Grofield is not mentioned in any of the eight Parker novels after Butcher 's Moon , and we do not learn whether he 's dead , imprisoned , or has simply retired from heisting .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c",
"text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c66cf90586efa0ab9f15e8ce8840f86b",
"text": "Blended Family (What You Do for Love) `` Blended Family ( What You Do for Love ) '' is a song by American recording artist Alicia Keys , featuring vocals from rapper ASAP Rocky . It was written by Keys , Rocky , John Bush , Brandon Aly , Tish Hyman , Dave Kuncio , Kenneth Withrow and Edie Brickell for her sixth studio album Here ( 2016 ) , while production was helmed by Keys and Mark Batson . The song refers to the former marriage of Keys ' husband Swizz Beats and musician Mashonda Tifrere . It was released on October 7 , 2016 by RCA Records . The music video , filmed in black-and-white , was released on November 11 , 2016 , and features both Keys and ASAP Rocky .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fcec35f9c13d98a694cf628c39c90152",
"text": "5th Screen Actors Guild Awards The 5th Screen Actors Guild Awards , given on March 7 , 1999 , honored the best screen actors of 1998 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2316371a4819d7c682e63e2203c1eb48",
"text": "Sharon Stone Sharon Yvonne Stone ( born March 10 , 1958 ) is an American actress , film producer , and former fashion model . Stone first came to attention for her role in the miniseries War and Remembrance ( 1989 ) and early mainstream prominence followed with her part in Paul Verhoeven 's Total Recall ( 1990 ) . She became a sex symbol and rose to international recognition with her starring role as Catherine Tramell in another Verhoeven film , the erotic thriller Basic Instinct ( 1992 ) , for which she received her first Golden Globe Award nomination for Best Actress in a Motion Picture -- Drama . She won the Golden Globe Award and was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Martin Scorsese 's Casino ( 1995 ) . She received another two Golden Globe Award nominations for her roles in The Mighty ( 1998 ) and The Muse ( 1999 ) . Named Officer of the Order of Arts and Letters in France in 2005 , Stone 's other notable film roles include Sliver ( 1993 ) , The Specialist ( 1994 ) , The Quick and the Dead ( 1995 ) , If These Walls Could Talk 2 ( 2000 ) , Catwoman ( 2004 ) , Broken Flowers ( 2005 ) , Alpha Dog ( 2006 ) , Bobby ( 2006 ) , Lovelace ( 2013 ) , and Fading Gigolo ( 2013 ) . Stone has made guest-appearances in The Practice ( 2004 ) , winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series , and in Law & Order : Special Victims Unit ( 2010 ) . She starred in the short-lived series Agent X ( 2015 ) .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
0a76ebbf554055e93eb8bc21decf9d1c | Angelina Jolie was in A Mighty Heart as an actress. | [
{
"docid": "db74a063a1fb321b8256d8823c616b35",
"text": "Angelina Jolie Angelina Jolie Pitt ( -LSB- dʒoʊˈliː -RSB- ; née Voight ; born June 4 , 1975 ) is an American actress , filmmaker , philanthropist and humanitarian . She has received an Academy Award , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , and three Golden Globe Awards , and has been cited as Hollywood 's highest-paid actress . Jolie made her screen debut as a child alongside her father , Jon Voight , in Lookin ' to Get Out ( 1982 ) . Her film career began in earnest a decade later with the low-budget production Cyborg 2 ( 1993 ) , followed by her first leading role in a major film , Hackers ( 1995 ) . She starred in the critically acclaimed biographical cable films George Wallace ( 1997 ) and Gia ( 1998 ) , and won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in the drama Girl , Interrupted ( 1999 ) . Jolie 's starring role as the video game heroine Lara Croft in Lara Croft : Tomb Raider ( 2001 ) established her as a leading Hollywood actress . She continued her successful action-star career with Mr. & Mrs. Smith ( 2005 ) , Wanted ( 2008 ) , and Salt ( 2010 ) , and received critical acclaim for her performances in the dramas A Mighty Heart ( 2007 ) and Changeling ( 2008 ) , which earned her a nomination for an Academy Award for Best Actress . Beginning in the 2010s , she expanded her career into directing , screenwriting , and producing , starting with the wartime dramas In the Land of Blood and Honey ( 2011 ) and Unbroken ( 2014 ) . Her biggest commercial success came with the fantasy picture Maleficent ( 2014 ) . In addition to her film career , Jolie is noted for her humanitarian efforts , for which she has received a Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award and an honorary damehood of the Order of St Michael and St George ( DCMG ) , among other honors . She promotes various causes , including conservation , education , and women 's rights , and is most noted for her advocacy on behalf of refugees as a Special Envoy for the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ( UNHCR ) . As a public figure , Jolie has been cited as one of the most influential and powerful people in the American entertainment industry , as well as the world 's most beautiful woman , by various media outlets . Her personal life is the subject of wide publicity . Divorced from actors Jonny Lee Miller and Billy Bob Thornton , she separated from her third husband , actor Brad Pitt , in September 2016 . They have six children together , three of whom were adopted internationally .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "6ac9bc83246391633e18e8d4c44759c8",
"text": "Scarlett Johansson Scarlett Johansson ( -LSB- dʒoʊˈhænsən -RSB- born November 22 , 1984 ) is an American actress , model , and singer . She made her film debut in the fantasy comedy North ( 1994 ) . Johansson subsequently starred in Manny & Lo ( 1996 ) , and garnered further acclaim and prominence with roles in The Horse Whisperer ( 1998 ) and Ghost World ( 2001 ) . She shifted to adult roles with her performances in Girl with a Pearl Earring ( 2003 ) and Lost in Translation ( 2003 ) , for which she won a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . Her subsequent films included A Love Song for Bobby Long ( 2004 ) , Match Point ( 2005 ) , The Island ( 2005 ) , The Black Dahlia ( 2006 ) , The Prestige ( 2006 ) , The Other Boleyn Girl ( 2008 ) , Vicky Cristina Barcelona ( 2008 ) , He 's Just Not That Into You ( 2009 ) , Don Jon ( 2013 ) , Her ( 2013 ) , Under the Skin ( 2013 ) , Lucy ( 2014 ) , The Jungle Book ( 2016 ) , and Ghost in the Shell ( 2017 ) . Since 2008 , Johansson has also portrayed the Marvel Comics character Black Widow in the Marvel Cinematic Universe . She won the Tony Award for Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Play for her performance in the 2010 Broadway revival of A View from the Bridge . As a singer , Johansson has released two albums , Anywhere I Lay My Head ( 2008 ) and Break Up ( 2009 ) . Johansson is considered one of Hollywood 's modern sex symbols , and has frequently appeared in published lists of the sexiest women in the world . , she is the highest-grossing actress of all time in North America , with her films making over $ 3.6 billion . In 2016 , she was the highest-grossing actress , with a $ 1.2 billion total for the year .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5a3a5308cb853c2a161a1409c98bf883",
"text": "Supercouple A supercouple or super couple ( also known as a power couple ) is a popular or wealthy pairing that intrigues and fascinates the public in an intense or obsessive fashion . The term originated in the United States , and was coined in the early 1980s when intense public interest in fictional soap opera couple Luke Spencer and Laura Webber , from General Hospital , made the pair a popular culture phenomenon . The term supercouple typically refers to fictional couples from television dramas and film , such as Gone with the Winds Rhett Butler and Scarlett O'Hara . With regard to real-life pairings , tabloids and the mainstream media have focused on wealthy or popular celebrity couples , and have titled them supercouples or power couples . Examples are the former pairing of Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez ( which became known by the portmanteau `` Bennifer '' ) , and the former relationship of Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie ( `` Brangelina '' ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c12cad832ff42c27ba52f98e9e0ae3aa",
"text": "The Prince of Egypt The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated epic musical drama film and the first traditional animated film produced and released by DreamWorks . The film is an adaptation of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to his ultimate destiny to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt . Directed by Brenda Chapman , Steve Hickner , and Simon Wells , the film features songs written by Stephen Schwartz and a score composed by Hans Zimmer . The voice cast consists of Val Kilmer in a dual role , Ralph Fiennes , Michelle Pfeiffer , Sandra Bullock , Jeff Goldblum , Danny Glover , Patrick Stewart , Helen Mirren , Steve Martin , and Martin Short . Jeffrey Katzenberg had frequently suggested an animated adaptation of the 1956 film The Ten Commandments while working for The Walt Disney Company , and he decided to put the idea into production after founding DreamWorks in 1995 . To make this inaugural project , DreamWorks employed artists who had worked for Walt Disney Feature Animation and the recently disbanded Amblimation , totaling a crew of 350 people from 34 different nations . The film has a blend of traditional animation and computer-generated imagery , created using software from Toon Boom Animation and Silicon Graphics . Theatrically released on December 18 , 1998 , and on home video on September 14 , 1999 , reviews were generally positive , with critics praising the animation , music , and voice work . The film went on to gross over $ 218 million worldwide in theaters , which made it the most successful non-Disney animated feature at the time . The film 's success led to the direct-to-video prequel Joseph : King of Dreams ( 2000 ) and the development of a stage adaptation . The song `` When You Believe '' became a commercially successful single in a pop version performed by Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey , and went on to win Best Original Song at the 1999 Academy Awards .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6f97c8e8f2157ee78378d2046fc77bb1",
"text": "Heart (Stars album) Heart is an album by the Canadian indie rock band Stars , released on Paper Bag Records in Canada and on Arts & Crafts in the USA . The album features three regional covers : the Canadian cover features a man embracing a woman resting on his lap , the US cover features a billboard with a girl 's eyes gazing onward and the European cover features three girls spying out of a porthole . The album was originally released with a bonus promotional sampler of acts with current releases on Paper Bag , including Matthew Barber , Hawaii , The FemBots and Uncut . Two tracks from Heart were repeated on the sampler , along with a non-album bonus track , `` Timeless . '' The US release includes a hidden bonus track , a live version of `` The Comeback '' , originally taken from the 2001 EP of the same name . The track `` Look Up '' uses an English horn solo from the beginning of the third movement of Symphonie Fantastique by Berlioz and the track `` The Woods '' contains quotes from the movie Grey Gardens , the famed cult-classic documentary from 1975 . Videos for the songs `` Elevator Love Letter '' and `` Look Up '' were shot to promote this album . The album was recorded in the bedroom of keyboard player Chris Seligman on Avenue Mont-Royal in Montreal .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9fff2cfe403a27ec393012decc92f8d5",
"text": "The Heart Wants What It Wants `` The Heart Wants What It Wants '' is a song by American singer Selena Gomez from her 2014 compilation album For You . It was released on November 6 , 2014 , through Hollywood Records . The song was written by Gomez , Antonina Armato and Tim James . Additional songwriting was provided by David Jost . Armato and James , who collectively form the production duo Rock Mafia , also produced the song . A mid-tempo pop and R&B track with a minimal electropop beat , its accompanying music video was premiered on November 6 , 2014 , alongside the premiere of the song itself . It is Gomez 's last release under the label . Music critics mostly commended the song 's lyrical content , production , vocals , and Gomez 's new direction . The song reached number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . It also reached number six in Canada , and peaked in the top 40 in sixteen countries , including Australia , Belgium , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ef898dc2ca89ecce0259e7595e4eeb45",
"text": "The Song of the Heart `` The Song of the Heart '' is a song written and performed by Prince especially for the 2006 film Happy Feet . The song came about when Prince was approached to allow his music to be covered for the film . Prince initially refused , but was so impressed by the film that he not only gave his permission , but offered to write a new song for the film . It is also the only song on the soundtrack specifically written for this film . `` The Song of the Heart '' is the first single released from the soundtrack and won the 2007 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song at the 64th Golden Globes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "550222d683405ae5aca417980e62a6cb",
"text": "The Country Girl (1954 film) The Country Girl is a 1954 American drama film directed by George Seaton and starring Bing Crosby , Grace Kelly , and William Holden . Adapted by George Seaton from Clifford Odets ' 1950 play of the same name , the film is about an alcoholic has-been actor struggling with the one last chance he 's been given to resurrect his career . Seaton won the Academy Award for Best Writing , Adapted Screenplay . It was entered in the 1955 Cannes Film Festival . Kelly won the Oscar for Best Actress for the role , which previously had earned Uta Hagen her first Tony Award in the play 's original Broadway production . The role , a non-glamorous departure for Kelly , was as the alcoholic actor 's long-suffering wife . The win was a huge surprise , as most critics and people in the press felt that Judy Garland would win for A Star Is Born . NBC even sent a camera crew to Garland 's hospital room , where she was recuperating from the birth of her son , in order to conduct a live interview with her if she won . The win by Kelly instead famously prompted Groucho Marx to send Garland a telegram stating it was `` the biggest robbery since Brinks . '' Given the period of its production , the film is notable for its realistic , frank dialogue and honest treatments of the surreptitious side of alcoholism and post-divorce misogyny .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "988cfc0770d4791b0d1b005ca675c371",
"text": "Louis Elliman Louis Elliman ( 1906 -- 1965 ) , was an Irish impresario and theatre manager . Elliman was born in Dublin , a son of Maurice Elliman , who had fled from Tsarist persecution in Russia . He was educated at Synge Street CBS . His father became involved in cinema by establishing the Theatre De Luxe in Camden St. in 1912 . After university Louis started work at a pharmacy but after a few years gave that up to become a film agent in London . In the meantime Maurice acquired Dublin 's Gaiety Theatre , which was passed on to Louis . In the early 1930s , Louis Elliman sold a 50 % share in the Gaiety to entrepreneur Patrick Wall , a Clare man . The pair also owned the Metropole and the Savoy cinemas . Along with Patrick Wall , Elliman acquired the Theatre Royal , Dublin in 1936 . With the outbreak of the Second World War , Wall and Elliman were forced to keep the two theatres going with native talent only . This led to the emergence of a raft of Irish acts who were to provide the mainstay of the Royal 's output for the remainder of its existence . These included such Irish household names as Jimmy O'Dea , Harry O'Donovan , Maureen Potter , Danny Cummins , Mike Nolan , Alice Dalgarno , Noel Purcell , Micheál MacLiammoir , Cecil Sheridan , Jack Cruise , Paddy Crosbie and Patricia Cahill . In July 1951 Judy Garland appeared for a series of sold out performances at the Royal and was received with tremendous ovations . The legendary singer sang from her dressing room window to hundreds of people who were unable to get tickets and critics dubbed her `` America 's Colleen '' Popular Irish American entertainer Carmel Quinn also made her singing debut in the Theatre Royal during the early 1950s . After a spell acquiring cinemas around the country , which were taken over by the Rank Organization , Louis went into film production . In 1957 he opened Ardmore Studios . With managing director Emmet Dalton he travelled to the US to promote the studios and to acquire foreign investment . The studios accordingly landed its first major foreign booking with 1959 's Shake Hands with the Devil , starring Oscar winner James Cagney and Dana Wynter . A year later progress was consolidated when Robert Mitchum appeared in Tay Garnett 's `` A Terrible Beauty '' . In 1961 , Ardmore Studios hosted the controversial `` The Mark '' , directed by Guy Green , which was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the Cannes Film Festival and earned its star , Stuart Whitman , an Oscar nomination . Other films produced at this time include Don Chaffey 's The Webster Boys and `` Johnny Nobody '' with Cyril Cusack . Hammer Films also utilised the studios as a base for their production , The Viking Queen . The studios went into receivership in 1963 but re-opened later . Under pressure from rising overheads and the increasing popularity of the cinema and the introduction of television , the Theatre Royal closed its doors on 30 June 1962 . By this time Louis was dogged by bad health and died in 1965 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6f19d75a75de13e8dda7176c2e28b0e6",
"text": "Laurie Lea Schaefer Laurel Lea Schaefer ( born May 21,1949 in Bexley , Ohio , U.S. ) was Miss America 1972 . A native of Bexley , Ohio , Schaefer received a Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree from Ohio University in June 1971 . Three months later she won the Miss America Pageant . After Miss America , Laurel effectively parlayed her theatre arts and music degree into an extensive and varied entertainment career . Her training afforded her opportunities as a leading lady to notables such as : Howard Keel , John Davidson , Peter Marshall , Ed Ames , Joe Namath , Giorgio Tozzi , and Gorden MacRae . This reflect such productions as ; `` The Music Man '' , `` The Sound of Music '' , `` Camelot '' , `` South Pacific '' , `` Showboat '' , `` My Fair Lady '' , `` Oklahoma '' , `` Hello Dolly '' , `` Carousel '' , `` The King and I '' , `` Guys and Dolls '' , `` Anything Goes '' , `` Under the Yum-Yum Tree '' , `` Star-Spangled Girl '' , and `` Plaza Suite '' . Laurel 's television work includes a recurring role on `` Falcon Crest '' and guest starring roles on `` Matlock '' , `` L.A. Law '' , `` Quantum Leap '' , `` Love Boat '' , `` Three 's Company '' , `` Rockford Files '' . She is often recognized for her work in TV commercials and for a short time , she represented Campbell 's soup . Laurel 's vocal career saw her performing the National Anthem at the Inaugural Concert for President Richard M. Nixon , headlining the Miss America USO Tour to Viet Nam and Thailand , entertaining on cruises with a one-woman show and touring `` Capturing the Heart of Gershwin '' Anniversary Concert where she received critical acclaim for vocal solos ranging from swing to blues to light opera . For twenty-five years Laurel has worked as a commercial casting director and is owner of Creative Casting Services and is also a well-respected nationwide talent scout . In 1974 Laurel established Schaefer Consultants where she serves as a personal imaging and entertainment career consultant . Laurel is a published author and is highly sought after as a keynote speaker , corporate spokesperson , and infomercial host and media presenter . Miss Schaefer is the recipient of many awards including The American Academy of Achievement - Gold Plate Award , Outstanding Alumni Award ( Ohio University ) , Tom Dooley Humanitarian Award , New Jersey and Ohio `` Woman of the Year '' Award , Ohio Governor 's Award , Bexley Alumni Association-Significant Achievement Award , President 's Award for Leadership from Zonta International and a listing in Who 's Who .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d685e5d5bbcbe88abef4ef86c89e417f",
"text": "Chilly Scenes of Winter (film) Chilly Scenes of Winter ( originally released as Head over Heels ) is a 1979 romantic comedy film , written and directed by Joan Micklin Silver . The film is an adaptation of the 1976 novel Chilly Scenes of Winter by Ann Beattie .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "234fcb23987f917fc4a8abac211021fb",
"text": "List of To Heart episodes To Heart is a 1999 Japanese anime television series based on the visual novel To Heart by the Japanese software company Leaf . The episodes , produced by the animation studio Oriental Light and Magic , are directed by Naohito Takahashi and aired in Japan between April 1 and June 24 , 1999 compiling thirteen episodes . Six short bonus broadcasts were produced and aired after selected episodes . They lasted around five minutes and followed the general style of the main anime , although the characters are drawn super deformed . The overall story centers on Akari Kamigishi 's blossoming relationship with the protagonist Hiroyuki . Three pieces of theme music were used for the episode ; one opening theme and two ending themes . The opening theme is `` Feeling Heart '' by Masami Nakatsukasa ; the first ending theme is `` Yell '' by Ayako Kawasumi , and the second ending theme is `` Access '' by Spy . Different ending themes were used depending on the location of the broadcast . The DVD and VHS releases used `` Yell '' as the ending theme . A set of six DVDs , videotapes and laserdiscs were sold in Japan for the To Heart anime . To Heart was licensed for North American release by The Right Stuf International at Anime Expo 2004 on July 3 , 2004 at their panel . Volume one was scheduled for late 2005 , but the master copies Right Stuf received from Japan were in bad shape , delaying the release . Because To Heart was animated in the process of cel animation , it was captured onto film prior to conversion to video , and the video master showed dirt , glue marks , and other artifacts as a result of the process . Normally the original film would be restored to create a new master , but in this case the original film had been destroyed . As a result , the only choice was to digitally restore and remaster the video . All thirteen episodes and the six bonus extra was released on four DVD volumes between March 27 and August 28 , 2007 . A sequel anime series entitled To Heart : Remember My Memories is set a year after the conclusion of the first anime and completes the anime 's storyline ( deviating from the visual novel ) . The future of Akari , Hiroyuki , and Multi are also shown . The Himeyuri twins from To Heart 2 make their debut appearances in To Heart : Remember My Memories as speaking cameos . The anime , which was produced by AIC and Oriental Light and Magic , and directed by Keitaro Motonaga , aired in Japan between October 2 and December 25 , 2004 compiling thirteen episodes . The episodes were released on seven DVD compilation volumes in Japan . Seven short omake episodes titled Heart Fighters were released with the consumer DVD versions of To Heart : Remember My Memories ; they are not available on rental DVDs . Unlike the bonus shorts of the first season , the characters are not drawn super deformed and there is an overall arching mini-story . The humor comes from its parodies of popular Japanese culture . An anime television series for To Heart 2 was produced by Oriental Light and Magic and directed by Norihiko Sudō . Conisch and Kei Haneoka provided the soundtrack for the series . The episodes aired between October 3 , 2005 and January 2 , 2006 consisting of thirteen episodes . A three-episode original video animation series was produced by Aquaplus and Chaos Project with a new , original story . It was released on three DVDs between February 28 and September 28 , 2007 . A second OVA series titled To Heart 2 : Another Days , was released on two DVDs , each containing an episode , between March 26 and August 8 , 2008 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cdfbea0fdf8ed2aa132c0fd55196fa2f",
"text": "David Newell (actor, born 1905) David Newell was primarily known as an American character actor , whose acting career spanned from the very beginning of the sound film era through the middle of the 1950s . He made his film debut in a featured role in The Hole in the Wall , a 1929 film starring Edward G. Robinson and Claudette Colbert . Early in his career he had many featured roles , in such films as : RKO 's The Runaway Bride in 1929 , starring Mary Astor ; 1931 's Ten Cents a Dance , starring Barbara Stanwyck and directed by Lionel Barrymore ; and White Heat in 1934 . He would occasionally receive a starring role , as in 1930 's Just Like Heaven , which co-starred Anita Louise . However , by the mid-1930s he was being relegated to mostly smaller supporting roles . Some of the more notable films he appeared in include : A Star is Born ( 1937 ) , which stars Janet Gaynor and Fredric March ; Blondie ( 1938 ) ; the Bette Davis vehicle , Dark Victory ( 1939 ) ; Day-Time Wife ( 1939 ) , starring Tyrone Power and Linda Darnell ; It 's a Wonderful World ( 1939 ) , with James Stewart and Claudette Colbert ; Rings on Her Fingers ( 1942 ) , starring Henry Fonda and Gene Tierney ; the Danny Kaye and Dinah Shore film , Up in Arms ( 1944 ) , which also stars Dana Andrews ; 1947 's Killer McCoy with Mickey Rooney , Brian Donlevy , and Ann Blyth ; Homecoming ( 1948 ) , starring Clark Gable , Lana Turner , and Anne Baxter ; That Wonderful Urge ( 1949 ) , starring Tyrone Power and Gene Tierney ; David and Bathsheba ( 1951 ) , starring Gregory Peck and Susan Hayward ; and Cecil B. DeMille 's 1952 blockbuster , The Greatest Show on Earth . During his 25-year acting career , he appeared in over 110 films . His final appearance in film was in 1954 's The Eddie Cantor Story , in which he had a small supporting role . In the late 1940s he also began working as a make-up artist , which he transitioned full-time to in 1955 ; this was due to injuries sustained during a car accident , which left him physically disfigured . He retired from the film industry in 1961 , although he continued to work in television through the beginning of the 1970s , his last position being the make-up artist on the television show , Lassie . Newell died two days past his 75th birthday , on January 25 , 1980 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9805cfda6b3725b9590c2c0272947beb",
"text": "Duets (film) Duets is a 2000 American road trip film co-produced and directed by Bruce Paltrow and written by John Byrum . The motion picture features an ensemble cast co-starring Gwyneth Paltrow , Paul Giamatti , Maria Bello , Scott Speedman , Andre Braugher , Huey Lewis and Angie Dickinson , among others . The movie `` revolves around the little known world of karaoke competitions and the wayward characters who inhabit it . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5c91e5b1bc15046d0a7da16af3797ffa",
"text": "Heart Is... Heart is ... , also known as Hearty Paws , is a 2006 South Korean drama film directed by Park Eun-hyung and Oh Dal-kyun .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5d303954b27e018d4558c138c35cf71a",
"text": "My Fair Lady (film) My Fair Lady is a 1964 American musical film adapted from the Lerner and Loewe eponymous stage musical based on the 1913 stage play Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw . With a screenplay by Alan Jay Lerner and directed by George Cukor , the film depicts a poor Cockney flower seller named Eliza Doolittle who overhears an arrogant phonetics professor , Henry Higgins , as he casually wagers that he could teach her to speak `` proper '' English , thereby making her presentable in the high society of Edwardian London . The film stars Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison as Eliza Doolittle and Henry Higgins respectively , with Stanley Holloway , Gladys Cooper and Wilfrid Hyde-White in supporting roles . A critical and commercial success , it won eight Academy Awards , including Best Picture , Best Actor , and Best Director . In 1998 , the American Film Institute named it the 91st greatest American film of all time .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d74523393f4aa15088297bc1e553bd25",
"text": "Right to the Heart Right to the Heart is a 1942 American comedy film directed by Eugene Forde and written by Walter Bullock . The film stars Brenda Joyce , Joseph Allen , Cobina Wright , Stanley Clements , Don DeFore and Hugh Beaumont . It was released on January 23 , 1942 , by 20th Century Fox .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c90d8d450d48b4f16327bda8441a62a4",
"text": "National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress The National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress is one of the annual awards given by the National Society of Film Critics . This awards was given for the first time in 1967 to Marjorie Rhodes for her role in The Family Way . Meryl Streep won this award three times ( record ) : in 1978 for The Deer Hunter , in 1979 for Kramer vs. Kramer , for Manhattan and for The Seduction of Joe Tynan and in 2006 for The Devil Wears Prada and for A Prairie Home Companion . Anjelica Huston ( 1985 and 1989 ) , Dianne Wiest ( 1986 and 1994 ) , Patricia Clarkson ( 2002 and 2003 ) and Amy Adams ( 2005 and 2012 ) each won the award two times . In 2009 , Mo'Nique became the first African-American to win in this category for her performance in Precious .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7a57172fea1becd85604096e5aad6d41",
"text": "The Astonished Heart (film) The Astonished Heart is a 1950 British drama film directed by Terence Fisher . It stars Celia Johnson , Noël Coward , and Margaret Leighton , and is based on Coward 's play The Astonished Heart from his cycle of ten plays , Tonight at 8:30 . Inspired by the great success of the 1945 film Brief Encounter , which also had been adapted from Tonight at 8:30 , Coward agreed to have The Astonished Heart produced as a motion picture . As with the previous film , Coward also wrote the screenplay . Production began in 1949 and featured not only Noël Coward in one of his rare film appearances , but also actor-singer Graham Payn in a supporting role . The Astonished Heart was released in 1950 to indifferent reviews and was a commercial failure .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "265457bbd71c6794b018f6d68b1e85e8",
"text": "25th Academy Awards The 25th Academy Awards ceremony was held on March 19 , 1953 . It took place at the RKO Pantages Theatre in Hollywood , California , and the NBC International Theatre in New York City . It was the first Academy Awards ceremony to be televised , and the first ceremony to be held in Hollywood and New York City simultaneously . It was also the only year that the New York ceremonies were to be held in the NBC International Theatre on Columbus Circle , which was shortly thereafter demolished and replaced by the New York Coliseum convention center . A major upset occurred in the category of Best Picture . The heavily favored High Noon lost to Cecil B. DeMille 's The Greatest Show on Earth , eventually considered among the worst films to have won the Academy Award for Best Picture . The American film magazine Premiere placed the movie on its list of the 10 worst Oscar winners and the British film magazine Empire rated it # 3 on their list of the 10 worst Oscar winners . It has the lowest spot on Rotten Tomatoes ' list of the 81 films to win Best Picture . Of all the films nominated for the Oscar this year , only High Noon and Singin ' in the Rain would show up 46 years later on the American Film Institute list of the greatest American films of the 20th Century . For a film that only received two nominations , Singin ' in the Rain went on to be named as the greatest American musical film of all time and in the 2007 American Film Institute updated list as the fifth greatest American film of all time , while High Noon was ranked twenty-seventh on the same 2007 list , as well . The Bad and the Beautiful won five awards , the most wins ever for a film not nominated for Best Picture . It was also the second Academy Awards in which a film not nominated for Best Picture received the most awards of the evening , excluding years where there were ties for the most wins . The only other film to do this was The Thief of Bagdad at the 13th Academy Awards ; as of the 87th Academy Awards , it has not happened since . Until Spotlight won only Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay at the 88th Academy Awards , this was the last year in which the Best Picture winner won just two Oscars . It was also the second of three years to date in which two films not nominated for Best Picture received more nominations than the winner ( The Bad and the Beautiful and Hans Christian Andersen , both with six ) . This occurred again at the 79th Academy Awards . Shirley Booth also became the last person to win an Oscar in a Leading Role to be born in the 19th century . She also holds the distinction of being the first woman in her 50s to win the award , at the age of 54 ( the second woman in her 50s to win , Julianne Moore , was 54 when awarded at the 87th Academy Awards ) . John Ford 's fourth win for Best Director set a record for the most wins in this category that remains unmatched to this day . For the first time since the introduction of Supporting Actor and Actress awards in 1936 , Best Picture , Best Director , and all four acting Oscars went to six different films . This has happened only three times since , at the 29th Academy Awards for 1956 , the 78th for 2005 , and the 85th for 2012 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5f94dba96395c534e9bb514eae2a81e3",
"text": "Angelina Angelina may refer to :",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
07f808804f1e222689ec4f4f167fffdb | Joffrey Baratheon is a fictional character. | [
{
"docid": "e8b2ab75ff77cdb6e8e5bee5860a723d",
"text": "Joffrey Baratheon Joffrey Baratheon is a fictional character in the A Song of Ice and Fire series of epic fantasy novels by American author George R. R. Martin , and its television adaptation Game of Thrones . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Joffrey is the eldest son of Cersei Lannister from the kingdom of Westeros . He subsequently appeared in Martin 's A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) and A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) . Joffrey is portrayed by Irish actor Jack Gleeson in the HBO television adaptation . In 2016 , Rolling Stone ranked the character # 4 in their list of the `` 40 Greatest TV Villains of All Time '' .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "e30377a59905c07535604649bdcf0846",
"text": "Costard Costard is a comic figure in the play Love 's Labour 's Lost by William Shakespeare . A country bumpkin , he is arrested in the first scene for flouting the king 's proclamation that all men of the court avoid the company of women for three years . While in custody , the men of the court use him to further their own romantic endeavors . By sending love notes to the wrong women and blurting out secrets ( including that of an unplanned pregnancy ) , Costard makes fools of the royal court . Along with Moth the page and Jaquenetta , a country wench , Costard pokes fun at the upper-class . While mocking a pedantic schoolmaster , Costard uses the word honorificabilitudinitatibus , the longest word by far from any of Shakespeare 's works . Costard makes many clever puns , and is used as a tool by Shakespeare to explain new words such as remuneration . He is sometimes considered one of the smartest characters in the play due to his wit and wordplay . Costard 's name is an archaic term for apple , or metaphorically a man 's head . Shakespeare uses the word in this sense in Richard III .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e6c6b75d232d605a21d273483bbab25a",
"text": "Timeline of Shakespeare criticism Timeline of Shakespeare criticism is an informal term that presents a chronological collection of critical quotations about William Shakespeare and his works , which illustrate the article Shakespeare 's reputation . Shakespeare enjoyed recognition in his own time , but in the 17th century , poets and authors began to consider him as the supreme dramatist and poet of all times of the English language . In fact , even today , no other dramatist has been performed even remotely as often on the British ( and later the world ) stage as Shakespeare Since then , several editors and critics of theater began to focus on the dramatic text and the language of Shakespeare , creating a study that focused on extracting all the power of his literary texts , being used in studies on the printed page rather than in the theater . This attitude reached a high point with the Romantics , which saw his figure as a genius , prophet , and Bard -- and continued important in the last century , receiving analysis not only by poets and authors , but also by psychoanalysts , psychologists and philosophers .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b1cc11de53cad36a4f1acf7abed7afcc",
"text": "Eunuchs in popular culture Eunuchs have appeared many times in popular culture . The Eunuch , a comedy by Roman playwright Terence . In The Country Wife , the main character , Mr. Horner , pretends to be a man turned eunuch by impotence caused by syphilis in order to gain access to the bedrooms of married women . Being proud of not being a eunuch is the subject of the song `` At Least You 're Not a Eunuch '' in the play Life and Death in Jaffna ( The Musical ! ) '' by Edward Cress Eunuchs appear often as villains in Hong Kong kung fu and wuxia films set in ancient China . For example , the films `` Dragon Inn ( Xin long men ke zhan ) '' , `` Butterfly and Sword ( Xin liu xing hu die jian ) '' , and `` A Touch of Zen ( Hsia nu ) '' all feature a eunuch or a group of eunuchs as the main villain . A popular eunuch villain used in ancient China stories is Eunuch Wei , who is based on a historical figure named Wei Zhongxian . Eunuch villains are usually in charge of powerful political posts , such as being the leader of the East Chamber . The Queen Salmissra , in David Eddings ' The Belgariad and The Malloreon , is only allowed to be served by eunuchs . Her Chief Eunuch Sadi becomes a principal character in The Malloreon , and is referred to in `` The Prophecy '' as `` The Man who is no Man . '' The character and narrator Taita in Wilbur Smith 's `` Egyptian '' ( 1991 - ) series of novels is a eunuch ( performed as a punishment while a slave ) . Bagoas was the eunuch favorite of Alexander the Great ( referenced above ) . Bagoas is the main character and narrator of The Persian Boy , a 1972 historical novel by Mary Renault . Punk rock band the Descendents wrote a song about a eunuch called `` Eunuch Boy '' , which was on their 1996 comeback album Everything Sucks . Eunuchs feature prominently in Montesquieu 's 1722 novel Lettres persanes , supposedly about Persian visitors to eighteenth-century France . Varys , a character in George R. R. Martin 's series A Song of Ice and Fire , later made into the HBO series Game of Thrones , is a eunuch by castration . A historical mystery series written by Mary Reed and Eric Mayer , beginning in 1999 , details investigations carried out by John , the eunuch Lord Chamberlain to Emperor Justinian I , in and around the sixth-century imperial court in Constantinople . In the 2006 film One Night With the King , Hadassah 's ( Esther 's ) would-be boyfriend , Jesse , is captured by the Persian empire and castrated . The 2002 historical science fiction novel The Years of Rice and Salt features many eunuchs in its opening section , including the character Kyu and the historical Chinese admiral Zheng He . Three best-selling novels by Jason Goodwin , The Janissary Tree , The Snake Stone and The Bellini Card , chronicle the investigations of Yashim Togalu , a Turkish eunuch detective to the Sultan 's royal court , in the Ottoman Empire of the 1830s . The historical novel Memoirs of a Byzantine Eunuch , by Christopher Harris ( 2002 Dedalus Books , ISBN 1-903517-03-6 ) The Japanese novel ( and later anime series ) Ai no Kusabi has within their caste system `` Furniture '' , or eunuchs who act as servants to the highest social class . The character Katze was once Furniture , but now works on the black market . In the Japanese anime Code Geass : Lelouch of the Rebellion ( R2 ) the de facto rulers of the communist Chinese Federation are a group of eight eunuchs called `` High Eunuchs . '' The character Naboo the Enigma from the British comedy act and television series The Mighty Boosh is a eunuch . For the greater part of Iain Banks 's 1984 novel The Wasp Factory , the 16-year-old narrator Frank Cauldhame claims to be a eunuch , the result of being savaged by a dog when he was an infant . At the novels climax , Frank discovers that she was in fact born female . In the TV show Major Dad , a eunuch was in charge of the Security wives of Emir of Katodd . One of the characters that Voltaire 's Candide meets on his adventures is a eunuch . The Vampire Eli in John Ajvide Lindqvist 's novel Let The Right One In is a eunuch . However , this detail is not made abundantly clear in the book 's 2008 Film adaptation of the same title . The Yellow Bastard of the Sin City franchise . In the Red Dwarf episode `` Quarantine '' , Rimmer is said to have been Alexander the Great 's chief eunuch in a past life . In the manga `` Red River ( manga ) '' one of the main villains , Urhi , is a eunuch . The eunuch Manan is a major character in The Tombs of Atuan , the second book from Ursula K. Le Guin 's Earthsea series . The story largely takes place in a large convent where no men are allowed , so a number of other eunuchs are mentioned . In Robert E. Howard 's short story The Scarlet Citadel , the main antagonist has a eunuch prison guard named Shukeli . It is stated that in him , normal human passions have been replaced by extreme sadism . In William Shakespeare 's play `` Twelfth Night '' , Viola initially decides to disguise herself as a eunuch named Cesario in order to serve Duke Orsino . In the 2015 video game The Witcher 3 : Wild Hunt , the loyal servant and bookie of head Redanian Intelligence Sigismund Dijkstra is a eunuch , called Happen the Eunuch . He takes care of the Bathhouse in Novigrad , which is open to both sexes . Category : Topics in popular culture",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b1c35cd37b4b3c413cdc7048e7c4be18",
"text": "Cultural depictions of Richard III of England Richard III of England has been depicted in literature and popular culture many times . In the Tudor period he was invariably portrayed as a villain , most famously in Shakespeare 's play Richard III , but also in other literature of the period . Richard 's life was not much depicted again until the 20th century when the `` Ricardian '' movement sought to restore his reputation . Much of more recent creative literature has portrayed him in a positive light . However his reputation as a hunchbacked villain has remained a familiar historical cliché within popular culture .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b034fdced639b53971ec5f9c98772c56",
"text": "The Notion Club Papers The Notion Club Papers is the title of an abandoned novel by J. R. R. Tolkien , written during 1945 and published posthumously in Sauron Defeated , the 9th volume of The History of Middle-earth . It is a space/time/dream travel story , written at the same time as The Lord of the Rings was being developed . The story itself revolves around the meetings of an Oxford arts discussion group called the Notion Club , a fictionalization of ( and a play on words on the name of ) Tolkien 's own such club , The Inklings . During these meetings , Alwin Arundel Lowdham discusses his lucid dreams about Númenor ; through these dreams , he `` discovers '' much about the Númenor story and the languages of Middle-earth ( notably Quenya , Sindarin , and Adûnaic -- the last being the sole source of most of the material on Adûnaic ) . While not finished , at the end of the given story it becomes clear Lowdham himself is a reincarnation of sorts of Elendil . ( Alwin is a modernization of the name Ælfwine , Old English for Elf-friend , or Elendil in Quenya . ) Other members of the Club also mention their vivid dreams of other times and places . Tolkien not only created fictional meetings for these papers but also created a fictional history for the manuscript of the papers . According to the papers , the meetings occurred in the 1980s ; they even mention events that occurred in the 1970s and 1980s . About one-quarter of the papers were found among sacks of waste paper in 2012 at Oxford by a Mr. Green . Mr. Green published a first edition containing excerpts from these papers , indicating that they were written during the 1980s by one of the participants . Two scholars read the first edition , asked to examine the manuscripts , and then submitted a full report . The `` Notes to the Second Edition '' mentions the contradictory evidence in dating the manuscripts , and an alternative date is presented : they may have been written in the 1940s . These papers , which make a number of comments on Lewis ' Space Trilogy , are similar to C. S. Lewis ' commentary to Tolkien 's poem The Lay of Leithian , in which Lewis created a fictional history of scholarship of the poem and even referred to other manuscript tradition to recommend changes to the poem . The Notion Club Papers may be seen as an attempt to re-write The Lost Road , published and discussed in The Lost Road and Other Writings , as being another attempt to tie the Númenórean legend in with a more modern tale . There is , however , no direct connection between the modern settings of the two stories within the fictional frame . Jane Stanford links The Notion Club Papers to The Johnson Club Papers in her biography of John O'Connor Power , That Irishman . The two books have a similar title page . The Johnson Club was a ` Public House School ' and met in taverns like the Inklings . The purpose was ` Fellowship and free Exchange of Mind . ' The two clubs presented papers ` which were read before the members and discussed ' . Samuel Johnson , like Tolkien , had a strong connection with Pembroke College , Oxford . Stanley Unwin , Tolkien 's publisher , was a nephew of Fisher Unwin , the founding member of The Johnson Club . According to Christopher Tolkien , had his father continued The Notion Club Papers , he would have linked the real world of Alwin Lowdham with his eponymous ancestor Ælfwine of England ( who compiled the Lost Tales ) and with Atlantis . One of the members of the Notion Club , one Michael George Ramer , combines lucid dreams with time-travel and experiences the tsunami that sank Númenor . He ca n't tell if its history , or fantasy , or something in between . The Notion Club Papers mentions a great storm occurring during 1987 in England , on 12 June . This can be seen as an odd coincidence , since the actual Great Storm of 1987 occurred in October of that year .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a979caf100f9368eb96d37ba5b294b44",
"text": "London (novel) London is a historical novel by Edward Rutherfurd published in 1997 , which charts the history of London from 54 B.C. to 1997 . The novel begins with the birth of the River Thames and moves to 54 B.C. , detailing the life of Segovax , a curious character with slightly webbed hands and a flash of white hair . Seqovax becomes the ancestor of the Ducket and Dogget families , prominent fictional families woven into the novel . Historical figures , such as Julius Caesar , Geoffrey Chaucer , William Shakespeare , and Pocahontas , make appearances alongside fictional characters and historical kings and queens of England .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6fa33a329dbd8508ffeaaca0939ea38b",
"text": "Cormac Fitzgeoffrey Cormac Fitzgeoffrey is a fictional character created by Robert E. Howard . He is a half-Norman , half-Gael taking part in the Third Crusade . Howard wrote two short stories featuring the character and a synopsis that was later completed by another author . Although Howard was most famous for his fantasy fiction , especially Conan the Barbarian , the Cormac stories have a purely historical setting , albeit one with a heroic theme .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "db71500e06f203cc8fcd279a14356c83",
"text": "Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years ' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet , rulers of the Kingdom of England , against the House of Valois , rulers of the Kingdom of France , over the succession of the French throne . Each side drew many allies into the war . It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages , in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe . The war marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline , and the development of strong national identities in both countries . After the Norman Conquest , the kings of England were vassals of the kings of France for their possessions in France . The French kings had endeavored , over the centuries , to reduce these possessions , to the effect that only Gascony was left to the English . The confiscation or threat of confiscating this duchy had been part of French policy to check the growth of English power , particularly whenever the English were at war with the Kingdom of Scotland , an ally of France . Through his mother , Isabella of France , Edward III of England was the grandson of Philip IV of France and nephew of Charles IV of France , the last king of the senior line of the House of Capet . In 1316 , a principle was established denying women succession to the French throne . When Charles IV died in 1328 , Isabella , unable to claim the French throne for herself , claimed it for her son . The French rejected the claim , maintaining that Isabella could not transmit a right that she did not possess . For about nine years ( 1328 -- 1337 ) , the English had accepted the Valois succession to the French throne , but the interference of the French king , Philip VI , in Edward III 's war against Scotland permitted Edward III to reassert his claim to the French throne . Several overwhelming English victories in the war -- especially at Crecy , Poitiers , and Agincourt -- raised the prospects of an ultimate English triumph . However , the greater resources of the French monarchy precluded a complete conquest . Starting in 1429 , decisive French victories at Orléans , Patay , Formigny , and Castillon concluded the war in favour of France , with England permanently losing most of its major possessions on the continent . Historians commonly divide the war into three phases separated by truces : the Edwardian Era War ( 1337 -- 1360 ) ; the Caroline War ( 1369 -- 1389 ) ; and the Lancastrian War ( 1415 -- 1453 ) . Local conflicts in neighbouring areas , which were contemporarily related to the war , including the War of the Breton Succession ( 1341 -- 1364 ) , the Castilian Civil War ( 1366 -- 1369 ) , the War of the Two Peters ( 1356 -- 1375 ) in Aragon , and the 1383 -- 85 Crisis in Portugal , were availed by the parties to advance their agendas . Later historians adopted the term `` Hundred Years ' War '' as a historiography periodization to encompass all of these events , thus constructing the longest military conflict in European history . The war owes its historical significance to multiple factors . By its end , feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops , and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies . Although primarily a dynastic conflict , the war gave impetus to ideas of French and English nationalism . The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated , and artillery became important . The war precipitated the creation of the first standing armies in Western Europe since the time of the Western Roman Empire and thus helping to change their role in warfare . With respect to the belligerents , in France , civil wars , deadly epidemics , famines , and bandit free-companies of mercenaries reduced the population drastically . English political forces over time came to oppose the costly venture . The dissatisfaction of English nobles , resulting from the loss of their continental landholdings , became a factor leading to the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses ( 1455 -- 1487 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b7ab3dbc6ecb22c0775f1428d523c8e0",
"text": "Sansa Stark Sansa Stark is a fictional character created by American author George R. R. Martin . She is a prominent character in Martin 's award-winning A Song of Ice and Fire series . Introduced in 1996 's A Game of Thrones , Sansa is the eldest daughter and second child of Lord Eddard Stark and his wife Lady Catelyn Stark . She subsequently appeared in the following three novels , A Clash of Kings ( 1998 ) , A Storm of Swords ( 2000 ) and A Feast for Crows ( 2005 ) . While absent from the fifth novel A Dance with Dragons as the books are separated geographically , Sansa is confirmed to return in the forthcoming next book in the series , The Winds of Winter . In HBO 's adaptation of the series , Game of Thrones , Sansa Stark is played by Sophie Turner . The character has received critical acclaim , being praised as the 4th greatest character in the series by Rolling Stone . She and the rest of the cast were nominated for Screen Actors Guild Awards for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2012 , 2014 , 2015 and 2016 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "471988de30007725fde9ab307a52eab4",
"text": "Culture of the United Kingdom The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK 's history as a developed island country , a liberal democracy and a major power ; its predominantly Christian religious life ; and its composition of four countries -- England , Wales , Scotland and Northern Ireland -- each of which has distinct customs , cultures and symbolism . The wider culture of Europe has also influenced British culture , and Humanism , Protestantism and representative democracy developed from broader Western culture . British literature , music , cinema , art , theatre , comedy , media , television , philosophy , architecture and education are important aspects of British culture . The United Kingdom is also prominent in science and technology , producing world-leading scientists ( e.g. Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin ) and inventions . Sport is an important part of British culture ; numerous sports originated in the country , including football . The UK has been described as a `` cultural superpower '' , and London has been described as a world cultural capital . The Industrial Revolution , which started in the UK , had a profound effect on the socio-economic and cultural conditions of the world . As a result of the British Empire , significant British influence can be observed in the language , law , culture and institutions of a geographically wide assortment of countries , including Australia , Canada , India , the Republic of Ireland , New Zealand , Nigeria , Pakistan , South Africa , the United States and English speaking Caribbean nations . These states are sometimes collectively known as the Anglosphere , and are among Britain 's closest allies . In turn the empire also influenced British culture , particularly British cuisine . The cultures of England , Scotland , Wales and Northern Ireland are diverse and have varying degrees of overlap and distinctiveness .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "88ffd9ff0fe412761331451d78f58240",
"text": "Game of Thrones (season 6) The sixth season of the fantasy drama television series Game of Thrones premiered on HBO on April 24 , 2016 , and concluded on June 26 , 2016 . It consists of ten episodes , each of approximately 50 -- 60 minutes , largely of original content not found in George R. R. Martin 's A Song of Ice and Fire series . Some material is adapted from the upcoming sixth novel The Winds of Winter and the fourth and fifth novels , A Feast for Crows and A Dance with Dragons . The series was adapted for television by David Benioff and D. B. Weiss . HBO ordered the season on April 8 , 2014 , together with the fifth season , which began filming in July 2015 primarily in Northern Ireland , Spain , Croatia , Iceland and Canada . Each episode cost over $ 10 million . The season follows the continuing struggle between the Starks and other noble families of Westeros for the Iron Throne . The Starks defeat the Bolton forces in battle , and Jon Snow is proclaimed the King in the North . Tyrion attempts to rule Meereen while Daenerys is held captive by a Dothraki tribe . At King 's Landing , the Tyrell army attempts to liberate Margaery and Loras , but Margaery capitulates to the High Sparrow , who becomes more powerful by influencing King Tommen . At her trial , Cersei burns the Great Sept , killing her rivals , while Tommen kills himself . Unopposed , Cersei is crowned Queen of Westeros . Ellaria Sand and three of Oberyn Martell 's daughters kill Doran and Trystane Martell and seize control of Dorne , and Olenna discusses an alliance with Ellaria . In Essos , Daenerys Targaryen is captured by Khal Moro who takes her before the khals ; she burns them alive and takes command of the Dothraki . Game of Thrones features a large ensemble cast , including Peter Dinklage , Nikolaj Coster-Waldau , Lena Headey , Emilia Clarke and Kit Harington . The season introduced new cast members , including Max von Sydow , Pilou Asbæk and James Faulkner . Critics praised its production values , writing , plot development , and cast . Game of Thrones received most nominations for the 68th Primetime Emmy Awards , with 23 nominations , and won twelve , including that for Outstanding Drama Series for the second year in a row . U.S. viewership rose compared to the previous season , and by approximately 13 % over its course , from 7.9 million to 8.9 million by the finale .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0e14d17d163e64ddc9d15578820c0c38",
"text": "Rhûn In the fictional world of Middle-earth created by J. R. R. Tolkien , Rhûn ( -LSB- r̥uːːn -RSB- ) was a large region of eastern Middle-earth . Rhûn ( which is also the Elvish word for `` east '' ) was the name used for all lands lying east of Wilderland , around and beyond the inland Sea of Rhûn , from where came many attacks on Gondor and its allies during the Third Age of Middle-earth .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b8cdeaccd00bb2867e8043061d9f3211",
"text": "Novel in Scotland The novel in Scotland includes all long prose fiction published in Scotland and by Scottish authors since the development of the literary format in the eighteenth century . The novel was soon a major element of Scottish literary and critical life . Tobias Smollett 's picaresque novels , such as The Adventures of Roderick Random and The Adventures of Peregrine Pickle mean that he is often seen as Scotland 's first novelist . Other Scots who contributed to the development of the novel in the eighteenth century include Henry Mackenzie and John Moore . There was a tradition of moral and domestic fiction in the early nineteenth century that included the work of Elizabeth Hamilton , Mary Brunton and Christian Johnstone . The outstanding literary figure of the early nineteenth century was Walter Scott , whose Waverley is often called the first historical novel . He had a major worldwide influence . His success led to a publishing boom in Scotland . Major figures that benefited included James Hogg , John Galt , John Gibson Lockhart , John Wilson and Susan Ferrier . In the mid-nineteenth century major literary figures that contributed to the development of the novel included David Macbeth Moir , John Stuart Blackie , William Edmondstoune Aytoun and Margaret Oliphant . In the late nineteenth century , a number of Scottish-born authors achieved international reputations , including Robert Louis Stevenson and Arthur Conan Doyle , whose Sherlock Holmes stories helped found the tradition of detective fiction . In the last two decades of the century the `` kailyard school '' ( cabbage patch ) depicted Scotland in a rural and nostalgic fashion , often seen as a `` failure of nerve '' in dealing with the rapid changes that had swept across Scotland in the industrial revolution . Figures associated with the movement include Ian Maclaren , S. R. Crockett and J. M. Barrie , best known for his creation of Peter Pan , which helped develop the genre of fantasy , as did the work of George MacDonald . Among the most important novels of the early twentieth century was The House with the Green Shutters by George Douglas Brown , which broke with the Kailyard tradition . John Buchan played a major role in the creation of the modern thriller with The Thirty-Nine Steps and Greenmantle . The Scottish literary Renaissance attempted to introduce modernism into art and create of a distinctive national literature . It increasingly focused on the novel . Major figures included Neil Gunn , George Blake , A. J. Cronin , Eric Linklater and Lewis Grassic Gibbon . There were also a large number of female authors associated with the movement , who included Catherine Carswell , Willa Muir , Nan Shepherd and Naomi Mitchison . Many major Scottish post-war novelists , such as Robin Jenkins , Jessie Kesson , Muriel Spark , Alexander Trocchi and James Kennaway spent most of their lives outside Scotland , but often dealt with Scottish themes . Successful mass-market works included the action novels of Alistair MacLean and the historical fiction of Dorothy Dunnett . A younger generation of novelists that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s included Allan Massie , Shena Mackay and Alan Spence . Working class identity continued to be explored by Archie Hind , Alan Sharp , George Friel and William McIlvanney . From the 1980s Scottish literature enjoyed another major revival , with figures including Alasdair Gray , James Kelman , Irvine Welsh , Alan Warner , Janice Galloway , A. L. Kennedy , Iain Banks , Candia McWilliam , Frank Kuppner and Andrew O'Hagan . In genre fiction Iain Banks , writing as Iain M. Banks , produced ground-breaking science fiction and Scottish crime fiction has been a major area of growth with the success of novelists including Frederic Lindsay , Quintin Jardine , Val McDermid , Denise Mina , Christopher Brookmyre , and particularly Ian Rankin and his Inspector Rebus novels . The most successful author of Scottish origins in recent years has been J. K. Rowling , author of the Harry Potter series .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "30b9c8bdecf411d6a5c6de20010206ba",
"text": "Knight A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch or other political leader for service to the monarch or country , especially in a military capacity . Historically , in Europe , knighthood was conferred upon mounted warriors . During the High Middle Ages , knighthood was considered a class of lower nobility . By the Late Middle Ages , the rank had become associated with the ideals of chivalry , a code of conduct for the perfect courtly Christian warrior . Often , a knight was a vassal who served as a fighter for a lord , with payment in the form of land holdings . The lords trusted the knights , who were skilled in battle on horseback . Since the early modern period , the title of knight is purely honorific , usually bestowed by a monarch , as in the British honours system , often for non-military service to the country . The modern female equivalent in the United Kingdom is Dame . Historically , the ideals of chivalry were popularized in medieval literature , especially the Matter of Britain and Matter of France , the former based on Geoffrey of Monmouth 's Historia Regum Britanniae ( History of the Kings of Britain ) which introduced the legend of King Arthur , written in the 1130s . Sir Thomas Malory 's Le Morte d'Arthur ( The Death of Arthur ) , written in 1485 , was important in defining the ideal of chivalry , which is essential to the modern concept of the knight , as an elite warrior sworn to uphold the values of faith , loyalty , courage , and honour . Furthermore , Geoffroi de Charny 's `` Book of Chivalry '' expounded upon the importance of Christian faith in every area of a knight 's life . During the Renaissance , the genre of chivalric romance became popular in literature , growing ever more idealistic and eventually giving rise to a new form of realism in literature popularised by Miguel de Cervantes ' Don Quixote . This novel explored the ideals of knighthood and their incongruity with the reality of Cervantes ' world . In the late medieval period , new methods of warfare began to render classical knights in armour obsolete , but the titles remained in many nations . Some orders of knighthood , such as the Knights Templar , have become the subject of legend ; others have disappeared into obscurity . Today , a number of orders of knighthood continue to exist in several countries , such as the English Order of the Garter , the Swedish Royal Order of the Seraphim , and the Royal Norwegian Order of St. Olav . Each of these orders has its own criteria for eligibility , but knighthood is generally granted by a head of state or monarch to selected persons to recognise some meritorious achievement . Knighthood in the Middle Ages was closely linked with horsemanship ( and especially the joust ) from its origins in the 12th century until its final flowering as a fashion among the high nobility in the Duchy of Burgundy in the 15th century . This linkage is reflected in the etymology of chivalry , cavalier and related terms ( see Etymology section below ) . The special prestige accorded to mounted warriors finds a parallel in the furusiyya in the Muslim world , and the Greek hippeus and Roman eques of classical antiquity .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ad47dc43670072898442977a55502324",
"text": "Character (arts) A character ( sometimes known as a fictional character ) is a person or other being in a narrative work of art ( such as a novel , play , television series , or film ) . The character may be entirely fictional or based on a real-life person , in which case the distinction of a `` fictional '' versus `` real '' character may be made . Derived from the ancient Greek word χαρακτήρ , the English word dates from the Restoration , although it became widely used after its appearance in Tom Jones in 1749 . From this , the sense of `` a part played by an actor '' developed . Character , particularly when enacted by an actor in the theatre or cinema , involves `` the illusion of being a human person . '' In literature , characters guide readers through their stories , helping them to understand plots and ponder themes . Since the end of the 18th century , the phrase `` in character '' has been used to describe an effective impersonation by an actor . Since the 19th century , the art of creating characters , as practiced by actors or writers , has been called characterisation . A character who stands as a representative of a particular class or group of people is known as a type . Types include both stock characters and those that are more fully individualised . The characters in Henrik Ibsen 's Hedda Gabler ( 1891 ) and August Strindberg 's Miss Julie ( 1888 ) , for example , are representative of specific positions in the social relations of class and gender , such that the conflicts between the characters reveal ideological conflicts . The study of a character requires an analysis of its relations with all of the other characters in the work . The individual status of a character is defined through the network of oppositions ( proairetic , pragmatic , linguistic , proxemic ) that it forms with the other characters . The relation between characters and the action of the story shifts historically , often miming shifts in society and its ideas about human individuality , self-determination , and the social order .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1488eef2f350a3e200af1008da95602d",
"text": "Wars of the Roses The Wars of the Roses were a series of wars for control of the throne of England fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal House of Plantagenet : the House of Lancaster ( associated with a red rose ) , and the House of York ( whose symbol was a white rose ) . The conflict lasted through many sporadic episodes between 1455 and 1487 ; however , there was fighting before and after this period between the houses . The power struggle ignited around social and financial troubles following the Hundred Years ' War , combined with the mental infirmity and weak rule of Henry VI which revived interest in Richard of York 's claim to the throne . Historians disagree about whether the Wars of the Roses were caused by the structural problems of bastard feudalism or Henry VI 's ineffectiveness as king . With the Duke of York 's death , the claim transferred to his heir , Edward , who later became the first Yorkist king of England , as Edward IV . His son reigned for 86 days as Edward V , but Parliament then decided that Edward and his brother Richard were illegitimate and offered the crown to Edward IV 's younger brother , who became Richard III . The two young princes disappeared within the confines of the Tower of London . The final victory went to a claimant of the Lancastrian party , Henry Tudor , Earl of Richmond , who defeated the last Yorkist king , Richard III , at the Battle of Bosworth Field . After assuming the throne as Henry VII , he married Elizabeth of York , the eldest daughter and heir of Edward IV , thereby uniting the two claims . The House of Tudor ruled the Kingdom of England until 1603 , with the death of Elizabeth I , granddaughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "28563a7ec5e6d1ac78e1f62a5336c54c",
"text": "Legal fiction A legal fiction is a fact assumed or created by courts which is then used in order to apply a legal rule . Typically , a legal fiction allows the court to ignore a fact that would prevent it from exercising its jurisdiction , by simply assuming that the fact is different . This is the case with the Bill of Middlesex where the Court of King 's Bench could only exercise jurisdiction over cases which took place in the historic English county of Middlesex . To allow the Court , which was the central court of the land , to take jurisdiction over other cases , parties began to plead that , along with the other facts , there had also been a trespass which occurred in Middlesex . This allowed the King 's Bench to rule on the whole of the case . Legal fictions are different from legal presumptions which assume a certain state of facts until the opposite is proved , such as the presumption of legitimacy . They are different from hypothetical examples , such as the ` reasonable person ' which serve as tools for the court to express its reasoning . They are also different from legal principles which create a legal state of affairs that is different from the underlying facts , such as corporate personhood although these are sometimes wrongly called legal fictions . The term `` legal fiction '' is not usually used in a pejorative way , and has been likened to scaffolding around a building under construction .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bdb8048a12b2db319c910f79c7aae0f4",
"text": "The History of Middle-earth The History of Middle-earth is a 12-volume series of books published between 1983 and 1996 that collect and analyse material relating to the fiction of J. R. R. Tolkien , compiled and edited by his son , Christopher Tolkien . The series shows the development over time of Tolkien 's conception of Middle-earth as a fictional place with its own peoples , languages , and history , from his earliest notions of a `` mythology for England '' through to the development of the stories that make up The Silmarillion and The Lord of the Rings . It is not a `` history of Middle-earth '' in the sense of being a chronicle of events in Middle-earth written from an in-universe perspective . In 2000 -- 01 , the twelve volumes were republished in three limited edition omnibus volumes . Non-deluxe editions of the three volumes were published in 2002 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "03f3c91aeb340663a8a0ebfe2b765dab",
"text": "Chivalric romance As a literary genre of high culture , romance or chivalric romance is a type of prose and verse narrative that was popular in the aristocratic circles of High Medieval and Early Modern Europe . They were fantastic stories about marvel-filled adventures , often of a knight-errant portrayed as having heroic qualities , who goes on a quest , yet it is `` the emphasis on love and courtly manners distinguishes it from the chanson de geste and other kinds of epic , in which masculine military heroism predominates . '' Popular literature also drew on themes of romance , but with ironic , satiric or burlesque intent . Romances reworked legends , fairy tales , and history to suit the readers ' and hearers ' tastes , but by c. 1600 they were out of fashion , and Miguel de Cervantes famously burlesqued them in his novel Don Quixote . Still , the modern image of `` medieval '' is more influenced by the romance than by any other medieval genre , and the word medieval evokes knights , distressed damsels , dragons , and other romantic tropes . Originally , romance literature was written in Old French , Anglo-Norman , Occitan , and Provençal , and later in Portuguese , in Castilian , in English , in Italian ( particularly with the Sicilian poetry ) and German . During the early 13th century , romances were increasingly written as prose . In later romances , particularly those of French origin , there is a marked tendency to emphasize themes of courtly love , such as faithfulness in adversity .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3824ff501c2e55a4fe6f325380607fce",
"text": "Éowyn Éowyn is a fictional character in Tolkien 's legendarium who appears in his most famous work , The Lord of the Rings . She is a noblewoman of Rohan who is described as a shieldmaiden .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
515ef3d52b07d01e6087d9b2be780fea | Father of the Bride has Kieran Culkin in a starring role. | [
{
"docid": "acb68c5d1f14de1b8d8a159eb0e28ed5",
"text": "Father of the Bride (1991 film) Father of the Bride is a 1991 American comedy film starring Steve Martin , Diane Keaton , Kimberly Williams ( in her film debut ) , George Newbern , Martin Short , B. D. Wong , and Kieran Culkin . It is a remake of the 1950 film of the same name . The film inspired a series of Hallmark commercials that featured the smiling faces of the happy couple and sneak-peeks at the backs of numerous greeting cards . It is number 92 on Bravo 's `` 100 Funniest Movies '' . Martin portrays George Banks , a businessman and owner of an athletic shoe company ( called Side Kicks ) , who , when he finds out his daughter is getting married , does not want to give her away . He eventually learns to live with his new son-in-law and realizes that as long as his daughter is happy , he is happy . The film opened to positive reviews , and became a major box office success , earning more than four times its budget . With its success , a sequel , Father of the Bride Part II was released in 1995 . This was Nancy Meyers and Diane Keaton 's second film together , the first being Baby Boom ( 1987 ) ; the others were Father of the Bride Part II ( 1995 ) and Something 's Got ta Give ( 2003 ) .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "c0decbe0f7c74dc7fc04d76e3d256887",
"text": "John Bowe (actor) John Bowe ( born 1 February 1950 ) is an actor best known for his television roles . He is married and has six children . Bowe was born in Greasby , on the Wirral in Merseyside , England . His highest profile role was probably that of George Marlow in the first Prime Suspect serial in 1991 . He also played Duggie Ferguson in Coronation Street from 1999 to 2002 , having previously appeared in another of Granada TV 's soap operas ; Families . Other TV credits include : Warship , Secret Army , Boon , The New Statesman , Capital City , Class Act , Lovejoy , Silent Witness , The Royal , Dalziel and Pascoe , Cleopatra and Einstein and Eddington , Tipping the Velvet , The Hour and DCI Banks . Film credits include The Living Daylights ( 1987 ) , Resurrected ( 1989 ) , County Kilburn ( 2000 ) and Gozo ( 2015 ) . In 2007 , Bowe played Dr Morgan in the BBC series Cranford . In April 2010 , Bowe joined the cast of London 's West End production Priscilla Queen of the Desert -- The Musical , playing the part of Bob . In September 2011 , he appeared as Judge Turpin in Sweeney Todd at Chichester , a role he continued in the West End transfer . In September 2014 , Bowe joined the cast of Emmerdale , playing Lawrence White , the former lover of Harold Birch , the husband of Edna Birch ( Shirley Stelfox ) . He arrived with his daughter Chrissie ( Louise Marwood ) , his grandson Lachlan ( Thomas Atkinson ) and Chrissie 's fiancé , Robert Sugden ( Ryan Hawley ) , who he openly despises . Bowe will leave Emmerdale in 2017 after it was revealed he had been axed from the show .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "32711cf3a19ce6e7536fb49dd109c9a8",
"text": "Kate O'Toole (actress) Kate Eurwen O'Toole ( born 26 February 1960 in Stratford-upon-Avon , Warwickshire ) is an English-actress . She is the daughter of actors Peter O'Toole and Siân Phillips .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ce4832de52bdfd8ea7510dd8d372195d",
"text": "Brian Gleeson (actor) Brian Gleeson ( -LSB- ˈɡliːsən -RSB- born 14 November 1987 ) is an Irish actor . In 2011 Gleeson received an Irish Film and Television Awards nomination for best supporting role on television for Love/Hate .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e58b375a87d54c5bf81592bbc9a04751",
"text": "Shane Connaughton Shane Connaughton ( born 4 April 1941 in Kingscourt . ) is an Irish writer and actor , probably best known as co-writer of the Academy Award-nominated screenplay for My Left Foot . He also co-wrote the screenplays for the Academy Award-winning 1980 short film The Dollar Bottom and 1992 film The Playboys , as well as other screenplays and plays . He won the Hennessy Award in 1985 . Connaughton is the author of the books A Border Station ( 1989 ) , The Run of the Country ( 1991 ) , and Big Parts ( 2009 ) . He adapted The Run of the Country for the screen in 1995 and published a book about its filming , A Border Diary , the same year . A Border Station , a short story collection , was a bestseller in Ireland and was shortlisted for the Guinness Peat Award . His first two books are both set in the County Cavan village of Redhills , where he grew up , and The Playboys and The Run of the Country were filmed there . Connaughton attended Bristol Old Vic Theatre School and has worked as a theatre and film actor , appearing in Coronation Street , Mike Leigh 's Four Days in July , Neil Jordan 's The Miracle , and The Playboys , among other roles . Connaughton is married and has two children . He lives in London much of the time .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1e761d8a8d4e40b591e4a7c39b9d7293",
"text": "Colin Howell Colin Howell ( born 14 March 1959 ) is a Northern Irish convicted double murderer . The murders and surrounding story were the subject of an ITV drama series The Secret broadcast in April and May 2016 . Howell killed his wife Lesley ( née Clarke ) and the husband of his lover , Trevor Buchanan ( who was an RUC officer ) , in what appeared to be a suicide pact between the spouses of two lovers . The bodies were found in a fume-filled car in Castlerock on 19 May 1991 . In 1998 Howell confessed the murders to his second wife , but she agreed not to inform the authorities . She was investigated following his arrest , but was not charged . Howell 's ex-brother-in-law has since accused him of murdering Harry Clarke . Howell 's father-in-law died only 11 days before Lesley . After murdering his wife , Howell received a payout of # 400,000 . He later lost # 350,000 in a get-rich-quick scheme which had claimed to find Yamashita 's gold in the Philippines . Howell had been led to believe he would make # 20 million ; however he only acquired a few brass ammunition boxes , containing silver coins , worth about # 30 . Howell initially invested # 100,000 but over six months , steadily invested more , after being told that the gold was buried under booby-trapped tunnels . He sold his shares in two dental practises and attempted to persuade friends to invest . He believed that this , and the death of his son , were punishments from God . Howell , a native of Portadown and a dentist by occupation , was a deeply religious father of ten and a former lay preacher . He married Lesley in July 1983 . They were members of the local Baptist church . After his wife 's death Howell married Kyle Jorgensen , a native of New York , with whom he had five children . Howell confessed his role in the murders to elders in his church who urged him to inform police . He pleaded guilty to the murders on 18 November 2010 and was sentenced to life imprisonment . He was told he must serve a minimum 21-year jail term . His former lover Hazel ( née Elkin , formerly married to Trevor Buchanan , currently married to David Stewart ) claimed in court that she acted under duress , but was found guilty of the murders of Lesley Howell and Trevor Buchanan in March 2011 and sentenced to life imprisonment with a minimum term of 18 years . The trial judge stated that Stewart could have prevented Buchanan 's death . The police investigators were later accused of confirmation bias , as they ignored a lot of key facts , most notably that the driver 's window was open , Buchanan 's leg was hanging out of the open car door , and that there was a testimony that Howell had previously tried to murder his wife . On 17 May 2011 Howell pleaded guilty to sexually assaulting nine female patients in his surgery over a period of several years . He was consequently stripped of his NHS pension .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "774f0bda9394ac251b2046178528b78e",
"text": "The Convenient Groom The Convenient Groom is a 2016 American-Canadian romantic comedy television film directed by David Winning and starring , Vanessa Marcil and David Sutcliffe . Based on the book by Denise Hunter and a screenplay by Julie Sherman Wolfe , the film is about a called-off wedding and a good friendship . The television film first aired on June 18 , 2016 , on the Hallmark Channel .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "474fdadfe34c831635ff2e5a8d2442c0",
"text": "Paul Ronan Paul Anthony Ronan ( born 21 March 1965 ) is an Irish actor . He has been a regular performer in TV and films since the mid - '90s , notably as Edso Dowling in the Ballykissangel TV series ; other TV appearances include Rebel Heart and The Tudors . He is the father of actress Saoirse Ronan .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8f0140fa58088244298bb800140be9c4",
"text": "Callum Cuthbertson Callum Cuthbertson is a Scottish actor and writer . He is best known for his role as Martin McLintoch , the mild-mannered father of Gary , in the BBC sitcom Gary : Tank Commander .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "75bb0495a22f72c358d09ff31aa91d8a",
"text": "Cel Spellman Ceallach `` Cel '' Spellman ( -LSB- ˈkɛlək -RSB- ; born 31 August 1995 ) is an English actor and television host known for playing Malky McConnell in the BBC Two mockumentary The Cup , Harry Fisher in the BBC One drama Waterloo Road from 2010 -- 11 and hosting Friday Download and the CBBC Official Chart Show . He also stars as Matthew Williams in Cold Feet , and contributes to The Voice UK .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fcf8829d83cc70eacaf3f17d28c8424b",
"text": "11th Irish Film & Television Awards The 11th Irish Film & Television Awards took place on Saturday 5 April 2014 in Dublin . The nominations were announced on 27 February 2014 . The Awards Ceremony took place at the DoubleTree by Hilton Burlington Road Dublin , and was broadcast on RTÉ One at 9.45 pm . The Annual Irish Film & Television Awards are the highlight of Ireland 's entertainment and cultural calendar celebrating the very best of Irish screen talent across film and television . Guests in attendance included Michael Fassbender , Colin Farrell , Jamie Dornan , Steve Coogan , Will Forte , Jeremy Irons , Fionnula Flanagan , Brendan Gleeson , Neil Jordan , Amy Huberman , Colm Meaney , Jack Reynor , Killian Scott , Eva Birthistle , Victoria Smurfit and Outstanding Contribution Honorary Award Winner President Michael D Higgins . Simon Delaney and Laura Whitmore co-hosted the event . The President of Ireland , Michael D. Higgins , received an honorary award in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the Irish film and television industry . The big winners on the night were the films Calvary , Byzantium and Philomena which all picked up three awards each . Calvary took the highest accolade , Best Film , along with Best Actor for Brendan Gleeson and Best Script for its writer-director John Michael McDonagh . Touching true story Philomena won the award for Best International Film and Actress ( for Judi Dench ) along with Costume Design for Consolata Boyle . Philomena Lee , whose true life story inspired the film was in attendance at the Ceremony . Vampire horror Byzantium 's awards included the prestigious Best Director for Neil Jordan , Best Actress for Saoirse Ronan and Makeup & Hair .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "10b80f11671d5a7a2d6bdefd24975067",
"text": "Sándor Csányi (actor) Sándor Csányi ( born 19 December 1975 ) is a Hungarian actor . Csányi aimed to be an actor from an early age and was admitted into the Hungarian University of Theater and Film on his fourth attempt . In 2002 , he became a member of the Radnóti Theatre in Budapest . His earliest film role was lending his voice for the 1999 film Sitiprinc and he followed this up by starring in shorts Az Ember , akit kihagytak and uristen@menny.hu ( god@heaven.hu ) the following year . He then had small roles in a number of films until 2003 when he starred in Nimród Antal 's critically acclaimed Kontroll . He has since become somewhat of a leading man in Hungarian cinema , starring in such films as Just Sex and Nothing Else , Rokonok and Children of Glory . He was married to Hungarian actress Lia Pokorny who he has worked alongside on a number of films . They have one child , Mark ( 2003 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4859ee390ebcaa345e09b7217872730d",
"text": "Suzan Farmer Suzan Farmer ( born 16 June 1942 in Kent , England ) is an English actress , mainly on television . She appeared in an episode of the Patrick McGoohan series Danger Man entitled `` No Marks for Servility '' and also featured in many other ITC series in the 1960s and 70s including UFO , Man in a Suitcase , The Persuaders ! , and in four different episodes of The Saint . She played Sally Carstairs in the BBC 's 1964 adaptation of Edmund Crispin 's detective novel The Moving Toyshop . Suzan Farmer also had lead roles in several Hammer horror films of the 1960s , including The Scarlet Blade ( 1963 ) , The Devil-Ship Pirates ( 1964 ) , Dracula , Prince of Darkness ( 1966 ) , and Rasputin , the Mad Monk ( 1966 ) . She also appeared in the films 633 Squadron ( 1964 ) as an RAF driver , Die , Monster , Die ! ( 1965 ) starring Boris Karloff , Doctor in Clover and Where the Bullets Fly ( both 1966 ) , and in the 1974 horror film Persecution with Lana Turner and Ralph Bates . Other television appearances were in the 1968 series The Caesars , an episode of the BBC science fiction anthology series Out of the Unknown ( 1969 ) , a 1975 episode of the Thames Television series Thriller entitled `` Death in Deep Water '' , and in the BBC sci-fi series Blake 's 7 ( in the 1978 episode `` Deliverance '' ) . She was married to actor Ian McShane from 1965 to 1968 . She is the sister of the Conservative peer Michael Farmer .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "853b1e563d89b539af1fd34f0e466104",
"text": "Katharine Cullen Katharine Cullen ( born 9 June 1975 ) is an Australian actress , daughter of actors Max Cullen and Colleen Anne Fitzpatrick .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c9cb889417729ce750f67608ea6a4620",
"text": "Michael Lohan Michael Lohan ( -LSB- ˈloʊ.ən -RSB- born April 25 , 1960 ) is an American television personality , best known as the father of actress Lindsay Lohan .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "362c3939e09ac52d36482da6f8dd29eb",
"text": "Daddy's Home (film) Daddy 's Home is a 2015 American comedy film directed by Sean Anders and written by Brian Burns , Anders and John Morris . The film is about a mild-mannered step-father ( Will Ferrell ) who vies for the attention of his wife 's children ( Linda Cardellini ) when their real father ( Mark Wahlberg ) comes back . The second collaboration between Ferrell and Wahlberg following the 2010 film The Other Guys , principal photography began on November 17 , 2014 in New Orleans , Louisiana . The film was released on December 25 , 2015 by Paramount Pictures , received mixed reviews and grossed more than $ 242 million worldwide .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b36310defa4f6c7fd3e417122936c624",
"text": "Father Ted Father Ted is a sitcom that was produced by British independent production company Hat Trick Productions for Channel 4 . Written jointly by Irish writers Arthur Mathews and Graham Linehan and starring a predominantly Irish cast , it originally aired over three series from 21 April 1995 until 1 May 1998 , including a Christmas special , for a total of 25 episodes . The show also aired on RTÉ Two in Ireland , and in Australia on Nine Network ( series 1 ) and ABC Television ( series 2 and 3 ) . Set on the fictional Craggy Island , a remote location off Ireland 's west coast , the show starred Dermot Morgan as the eponymous Father Ted Crilly , alongside fellow priests Father Dougal McGuire ( Ardal O'Hanlon ) and Father Jack Hackett ( Frank Kelly ) . Exiled on the island for various past incidents , the priests live together in the parochial house with their housekeeper Mrs. Doyle ( Pauline McLynn ) . The show was critically acclaimed , receiving multiple BAFTA awards , and remains a popular sitcom in Britain and Ireland .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "45874aa0526e6a75dba3b6fa25e256aa",
"text": "Patrick Cargill Patrick Cargill ( 3 June 191823 May 1996 ) was a British actor remembered for his lead role in the British television sitcom Father , Dear Father .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ea2b0e222722956365c0bd0743493785",
"text": "Sins of the Father (2002 film) Sins of the Father is a 2002 American docudrama directed by Robert Dornhelm . The teleplay by John Pielmeier is based on a Texas Monthly article by Pamela Colloff chronicling the 1963 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in Birmingham , Alabama in which four young African American girls were killed while attending Sunday-school . The victims were Addie Mae Collins , 14 yrs old ; Denise McNair , 11 yrs old ; Carole Robertson , 14 yrs old ; and Cynthia Welsley , 14 yrs old . It was believed that there were 5 girls together in the church basement on that fateful day , but only one survived : young Sarah Collins , Addie Mae 's younger sister . The bombing was racially motivated and carried out by members of the Ku Klux Klan . The film was shot in Toronto . The cast includes Tom Sizemore , Richard Jenkins , Ving Rhames , Colm Feore , Jackie Richardson , Connor Price , Aaryn Doyle , Isys McKoy , Jessica Gray Charles , and Funmiola Lawson . Rhames was nominated for the Black Reel Award for Best Actor and the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Television Movie , Mini-Series or Dramatic Special . Pielmeier 's teleplay earned him nominations for the Humanitas Prize and the Writers Guild of America Award .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "565cf7253df6b3f13c52074269b39a38",
"text": "Daniel Ryan (actor) Daniel Ryan ( born 1968 as Daniel O'Brien ) is an English actor and writer . He is known for starring as Darren Alexander in the BBC drama comedy Linda Green , Andrew Gilligan in The Government Inspector , Andy Coulson in Steel River Blues and Kenny Reed in The Whistleblowers . His stage credits include Macbeth , A Midsummer Night 's Dream and Richard III . He also appeared as a man who was severely brain-damaged after drink and driving , in part of the COI 's Drinking And Driving Wrecks Lives campaign . In 2008 he appeared in Gethsemane , a new play by David Hare at the National Theatre . He also took over the role of Harry ( Sandy 's husband ) in the special reunion episodes of BBC sitcom As Time Goes By alongside Judi Dench and Geoffrey Palmer , the first actor to portray the part being David Michaels . Ryan also appeared in the 2008 Doctor Who episode `` Midnight '' . In 2010 he was very well received for his performance in Posh by Laura Wade at the Royal Court Theatre in London . As a writer , his work has been performed by the RSC and at the Edinburgh Festival . He appeared on the Teen Drama Skins as the father of the third generation character Rich Hardbeck in 2011 and 2012 . In 2014 , he appeared in Salting the Battlefield as Bill Catcheside . He is also known for playing the role of Dan in the Sky Living comedy-drama , Mount Pleasant since 2011 . In 2015 he appeared as Colonel Anthony Forbes-Leith in the BBC TV series Father Brown episode 3.9 `` The Truth in the Wine '' . He has played Welsh butcher Bryn Brindsley in the ITV war-time drama Home Fires from 2015 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bc4f19f62e1649e6dd930e9ff1c141b1",
"text": "Hugh Grant Hugh John Mungo Grant ( born 9 September 1960 ) is an English actor and film producer . Grant has received a Golden Globe , a BAFTA , and an Honorary César for his work . His films have earned more than US$ 2.4 billion from 25 theatrical releases worldwide . Grant first received attention after earning the Volpi Cup for his performance in James Ivory 's Maurice ( 1987 ) but achieved international success after appearing in the Richard Curtis-scripted Four Weddings and a Funeral ( 1994 ) . Grant used this breakthrough role as a frequent cinematic persona during the 1990s , delivering comic performances in films such as Mickey Blue Eyes ( 1999 ) and Notting Hill ( 1999 ) . One of the best known figures in 1990s British popular culture , Grant was in a high-profile relationship with Elizabeth Hurley , which was the focus of much attention in the British and international media . By the turn of the 21st century , Grant had established himself as a leading man , skilled with a satirical comic talent . Grant has expanded his oeuvre with critically acclaimed turns as a cad in Bridget Jones 's Diary ( 2001 ) , About a Boy ( 2002 ) , and American Dreamz ( 2006 ) . Grant later played against type with multiple cameo roles in the epic sci-fi drama film , Cloud Atlas ( 2012 ) . He 's also known for appearing in period pieces such as The Remains of the Day ( 1993 ) , Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) and Florence Foster Jenkins ( 2016 ) . Within the film industry , Grant is cited as an anti-star who approaches his roles like a character actor , and attempts to make his acting appear spontaneous . Hallmarks of his comic skills include a nonchalant touch of irony/sarcasm and studied physical mannerisms , as well as his precisely-timed dialogue delivery and facial expressions . The entertainment media 's coverage of Grant 's life off the big screen has often overshadowed his work as an actor . Grant has been outspoken about his antipathy towards the profession of acting , and in his disdain towards the culture of celebrity and hostility towards the media . In a career spanning 30 years , Grant has repeatedly claimed that acting was not his true calling , but rather a career that unintentionally developed by happenstance .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
91120eb0656d2ce2e38c45fce410756f | Bangladesh is a nation. | [
{
"docid": "112dc53c69bb031f193747e522e2ebbc",
"text": "Bangladesh Bangladesh ( -LSB- bæŋɡləˈdɛʃ -RSB- -LSB- ˌbɑːŋɡləˈdɛʃ -RSB- -LSB- : bn : বাংলাদেশ , বাংলাদেশ -RSB- , -LSB- ˈbaŋlad̪eʃ -RSB- , lit . `` The country of Bengal '' ) , officially the People 's Republic of Bangladesh , is a country in South Asia . It shares land borders with India and Myanmar ( Burma ) . Nepal , Bhutan and China are located near Bangladesh but do not share a border with it . The country 's maritime territory in the Bay of Bengal is roughly equal to the size of its land area . Bangladesh is the world 's eighth most populous country . Dhaka is its capital and largest city , followed by Chittagong , which has the country 's largest port . Bangladesh forms the largest and eastern part of the Bengal region . Bangladeshis include people of different ethnic groups and religions . Bengalis , who speak the official Bengali language , make up 98 % of the population . The politically dominant Bengali Muslims make the nation the world 's third largest Muslim-majority country . Most of Bangladesh is covered by the Bengal delta , the largest delta on Earth . The country has 700 rivers and 8,046 km ( 5,000 miles ) of inland waterways . Highlands with evergreen forests are found in the northeastern and southeastern regions of the country . Bangladesh has many islands and a coral reef . It is home to the Sundarbans , the largest mangrove forest in the world . The country 's biodiversity includes a vast array of plant and wildlife , including critically endangered Bengal tigers , the national animal . The Greeks and Romans identified the region as Gangaridai , a powerful kingdom of the historical subcontinent , in the 3rd century BCE . Archaeological research has unearthed several ancient cities in Bangladesh , which had international trade links for millennia . The Bengal Sultanate and Mughal Bengal transformed the region into a cosmopolitan Islamic imperial power between the 14th and 18th centuries . The region was home to many principalities that had inland naval prowess . It was also a notable center of the worldwide muslin and silk trade . As part of British India , the region was influenced by the Bengali renaissance and played an important role in anti-colonial movements . The Partition of British India made East Bengal a part of the Dominion of Pakistan ; and was renamed as East Pakistan . The region witnessed the Bengali Language Movement in 1952 and the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971 . After independence , a parliamentary republic was established . A presidential government was in place between 1975 and 1990 , followed by a return to parliamentary democracy . The country has also been affected by poverty , natural disasters , hunger , dominant party systems and military coups . Bangladesh is a middle power and a major developing nation . Within South Asia , the country ranks first in gender equality , second in foreign exchange earnings and third in life expectancy and peacefulness . Listed as one of the Next Eleven , its economy ranks 46th in terms of nominal gross domestic product ( GDP ) and 29th in terms of purchasing power parity ( PPP ) . It is one of the largest textile exporters in the world . Its major trading partners are the European Union , the United States , China , India , Japan , Malaysia and Singapore . With its strategically vital location between Southern , Eastern and Southeast Asia , Bangladesh is an important promoter of regional connectivity and cooperation . It is a founding member of SAARC , BIMSTEC , the Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Forum for Regional Cooperation and the Bangladesh Bhutan India Nepal Initiative . It is also a member of the Commonwealth of Nations , the Developing 8 Countries , the OIC , the Non Aligned Movement , the Group of 77 and the World Trade Organization . Bangladesh is one of the largest contributors to United Nations peacekeeping forces .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "61bfed8205b7f02f344cca069dae3f1a",
"text": "Wards of Bangladesh In Bangladesh , a ward is an optional division of a city or town , especially an electoral district , for administrative and representative purposes . It is an elective unit of a City Corporation or Municipal Corporation , created for the purpose of providing more direct representation , from which a single council member is elected .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c8abc4d7b0373a0315828ab0f690daa6",
"text": "Indigenous peoples in Bangladesh The indigenous peoples of Bangladesh refer to native ethnic minorities in southeastern , northwestern , north-central and northeastern regions of the country . These regions include the Chittagong Hill Tracts , Sylhet Division , Rajshahi Division and Mymensingh District . The total population of indigenous ethnic minorities in Bangladesh was estimated to be over 2 million in 2010 . They are diverse ethnic communities including Australoid , Tibeto-Burman and Sino-Tibetan races . Vast number of indigenous tribes of Bangladesh are Buddhists and Hindus by faith while the remaining few are Christians and animists .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "47d656a0da0b91887fe493fa2a167425",
"text": "Bangladesh–North Korea relations Bangladesh -- North Korea relations refer to the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and North Korea .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5b9445ee96ef35a4ff865734427377bf",
"text": "History of Bangladeshis in the United Kingdom Bangladeshis are one of the largest immigrant communities in the United Kingdom . Significant numbers of ethnic Bengali and ethnic Sylheti peoples arrived as early as the 17th century , mostly as lascar seamen working on ships . Following the founding of Bangladesh in 1971 , a large immigration to Britain took place during the 1970s , leading to the establishment of a British Bangladeshi community . Bangladeshis were encouraged to move to Britain during that decade because of changes in immigration laws , natural disasters such as the Bhola cyclone , the Bangladesh Liberation War against Pakistan , and the desire to escape poverty , and the perception of a better living led Sylheti men bringing their families.Murshid , Ghulam . 2008 . The call of the sea : History of Bangali in Britain -LSB- in Bengali : Kalapanir hatchani : Bilete Bangaleer itihash -RSB- ( Dhaka , Abosar ) . During the 1970s and 1980s , they experienced institutionalised racism and racial attacks by organised ultra-right fascist groups such as National Front and British Nationalist Party .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fc03191dd875ad031ae451407ffad807",
"text": "Bengali vocabulary Bengali ( বাংলা Bangla ) is one of the Magadhan languages , evolved from Magadhi Prakrit and Pali languages . The core of Bengali vocabulary is thus etymologically of Magadhi Prakrit and Pali languages . However , centuries of major borrowing and reborrowing from Arabic , Persian , Turkish , Sanskrit , Austroasiatic languages and other languages has led to the adoption of a wide range of words with foreign origins . Thus making the origins of borrowed and reborrowed words in the Bengali vocabulary numerous and diverse , due to centuries of contact with various languages .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8bce37e84ebdd7ded4c9087883c34414",
"text": "Bangladesh Rural Development Board Bangladesh Rural Development Board or BRDB , is a government board responsible for the development in rural areas and is largest government program involved in rural development in Bangladesh and is located in Dhaka , Bangladesh .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2ecc8b9100a4bbc9a76f0584aa060d3a",
"text": "Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh ( -LSB- , উদ্বাস্তু পাকিস্তানী ) are Urdu-speaking Muslim migrants with homelands in present-day India and Pakistan who settled in East Pakistan ( now Bangladesh ) following the partition of India in 1947 . This identification can encompass several groups of people . First among them is `` Bihari Muslims '' . Although most of this population belonged to State of Bihar in India there are many from other Indian states such as U.P. ( United Provinces or later Uttar Pradesh ) . There are still others who had settled in what is now known as Bangladesh in the late 19th century . The second term of reference for this group coined by themselves after creation of Bangladesh is `` Stranded Pakistanis '' . In Urdu media in Pakistan and elsewhere this was translated as `` Mehsooreen '' or the `` Besieged '' . Another common term is `` Non-Bengalis '' , which includes not only the Urdu-speaking but also Punjabis , Pathans and Baloch living in Bangladesh . Henceforth any of the above terms may be used to identify this group depending on the context and history . Biharis were stateless until 2008 when a judgement by the Dhaka High Court gave them right of citizenship . The judgement does not cover refugees who were adults at the time of Bangladesh Liberation War . In March 2015 , Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Pakistan said that more than 170,000 Biharis had been repatriated to Pakistan and the remaining ` stranded Pakistanis ' are not its responsibility but rather the responsibility of Bangladesh .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "39d4518169299c866772d88571197ef6",
"text": "Sher-e-Bangla (disambiguation) Sher-e-Bangla , from the Urdu meaning `` Tiger of Bengal '' , may refer to : A.K. Fazlul Huq , Bangladeshi statesman in whose honor several institutions and places have been named Sher-e-Bangla Nagor , a neighborhood in Dhaka , named after Huq Sher-e-Bangla Cricket Stadium , named after Huq Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University , named after Huq Sher-e-Bangla Medical College , named after Huq",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "67bcf910a6b84dd8b80bb4ac439e0b4e",
"text": "Bangladeshi (disambiguation) Bangladeshi may refer to :",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d50b109f62075a3f6ad48cd977474bf2",
"text": "International Crimes Tribunal (Bangladesh) The International Crimes Tribunal ( Bangladesh ) ( ICT of Bangladesh ) is a domestic war crimes tribunal in Bangladesh set up in 2009 to investigate and prosecute suspects for the genocide committed in 1971 by the Pakistan Army and their local collaborators , Razakars , Al-Badr and Al-Shams during the Bangladesh Liberation War . During the 2008 general election , the Awami League ( AL ) pledged to establish the tribunals in response to long-standing calls for trying war criminals . The first indictments were issued in 2010 . However , the main perpetrators of the war crimes , the Pakistan soldiers , remained out of the reach of the courts . The government set up the tribunal after the Awami League won the general election in December 2008 with a more than two-thirds majority in parliament . The War Crimes Fact Finding Committee , tasked to investigate and find evidence , completed its report in 2008 , identifying 1,600 suspects . Prior to the formation of the ICT , the United Nations Development Programme offered assistance in 2009 on the tribunal 's formation . In 2009 , the parliament amended the 1973 act that authorised such a tribunal to update it . By 2012 , nine leaders of Jamaat-e-Islami , the largest Islamist party in the nation , and two of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party , had been indicted as suspects in war crimes . Three leaders of Jamaat were the first tried ; each were convicted of several charges of war crimes . The first person convicted was Abul Kalam Azad , tried in absentia as he had left the country ; he was sentenced to death in January 2013 . The ICT initially received some offers of international assistance . In 2009 , the UN offered its expertise , expressing an interest in helping Bangladesh avoid the problems other countries faced in similar trials . The EU has passed three resolutions supporting the trials and Jean Lambert has said `` she expected that the trial would conform to the highest standard possible . '' However , since the beginning of the trials several human rights organisations and international legal figures have raised objections to the court proceedings . Human Rights Watch , which initially supported the establishment of the tribunal , have criticised it for issues of fairness and transparency , as well as reported harassment of lawyers and witnesses representing the accused . Bianca Karim and Tirza Theunissen have written that the international community have voiced concerns that the trial will not be transparent or impartial . Jamaat-e-Islami supporters and their student wing , Bangladesh Islami Chhatra Shibir , called a general strike nationwide on 4 December 2012 , which erupted in violence . The group demanded the tribunal be scrapped permanently and their leaders be released immediately . Annual public opinion polls regularly rank the war-crimes trials ranked among the top three `` positive steps that the government has taken '' , though the issue is not considered among the top ten most pressing issues facing the country . Polling in 2013 by AC Nielsen found that more than two-thirds of Bangladeshis characterise the ICT as `` unfair '' or `` very unfair '' , though 86 % support its implementation . In February 2013 , Abdul Quader Molla , Assistant Secretary General of Jamaat , was the first person sentenced to death by the ICT who was not convicted in absentia . Initially , Molla was sentenced to life imprisonment , but demonstrations , including the 2013 Shahbag protests in Dhaka , lead to a new punishment .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "20a502647f57b2e7cf288ecb1a2047db",
"text": "List of television stations in Bangladesh The first television signal broadcast in Bangladesh was in 1964 by the then state-owned television network Pakistan Television Corporation ( PTV ) . From then onwards Bangladesh Television ( BTV ) had a virtual monopoly until the late 1990s . Since then a number of stations have arrived . Many have also shut down in the process . This is a list of television stations in Bangladesh available on digital terrestrial , satellite and cable systems . Public service broadcasters BTV -- state-owned , founded in 1964 as Pakistan Television , but renamed BTV after 1971 . BTV World -- state-owned , available worldwide . Sangsad Television -- broadcasts live scenarios of Bangladesh 's politics and also live telecasts National Parliament Assemblies .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ef2ed239a6bf3928f929d663c8566c7b",
"text": "Bengali Christians Bengali Christians also known as Firingis , are adherents of Christianity among the Bengali people . They speak the Bengali language and are native to Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal . The majority of Bengali Christians are Roman Catholics . Christianity took root in Bengal after the arrival of Portuguese voyagers in the 16th century . It witnessed further conversions among the Bengali elite during the 19th century Bengali renaissance . Bengali Christians have made significant contributions to Bengali culture , commerce and society . The region is home to venerable Christian missionary institutions , including the Missionaries of Charity founded by Mother Teresa .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0e26fc88aef6d884b3f2c52b33967ba3",
"text": "Bangladeshi rock Bangladeshi rock or Bangla rock is the rock music of Bangladesh . It originated in Chittagong with Souls , which was formed in 1970 . Distortion , electric and bass guitars and drums are used , sometimes accompanied by piano or other keyboard instruments . In the past , it was accompanied by saxophone , flute , violin and bass violin .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d8570980eb0f5333282a2a321a3dea71",
"text": "Sikhism in Bangladesh Sikhism in Bangladesh dates back to 1503 but has declined after the partition . Most of the sikhs in the country are officials of Indian High Commission or pilgrims . Some estimates shows that there are 23,000 to 100,000 Sikhs in Bangladesh but Bangladeshi Sikhs are very rare . There were eighteen historical Gurdwara 's in Bangladesh but now only Seven are left .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "004bda16be0074222181c87b5bcad415",
"text": "Bangladesh Olympic Association Bangladesh Olympic Association ( বাংলাদেশ অলিম্পিক সংস্থা IOC code : BAN ) is the National Olympic Committee representing Bangladesh . It is also the body responsible for Bangladesh 's representation at the Commonwealth Games .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d0483b2b532d8f9fb8ffb86d038f461d",
"text": "Bangladesh–Cyprus relations Bangladesh -- Cyprus relations refer to the bilateral relations between Bangladesh and Cyprus . Neither country has a resident ambassador . Both the countries are members of Non-Aligned Movement , Commonwealth of Nations Relations between the two countries have remained cordial with both the countries showing willingness to strengthen it further .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bcc3ddb3468cbfdd94c9e8cd861b0da4",
"text": "Stateless nation Stateless nation is a political term for ethnic/national minority that does not possess its own state and is not the majority population in any nation state . The term implies that the group `` should have '' such a state . Members of stateless ethnic groups may be citizens/nationals of the country in which they live , or they may be denied citizenship by that country . Stateless nations are usually not represented as a nation in international sports such as FIFA , Olympics or in international communities such as the United Nations . Nations without state are classified as fourth world nations . Some of the stateless nations have a great heritage and a long tradition of statehood in the past and some were always a stateless nation , which was dominated by another nation for a large part of its history . Stateless nations either are dispersed across a number of states ( for example , the Yoruba people are found in the African states of Nigeria , Benin and Togo ) or form the native population of a province within a larger state ( such as the Uyghur people in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region within the People 's Republic of China ) . Some stateless nations historically had a state , which was absorbed by another ; for example , Tibet 's declaration of independence in 1913 was not recognized , and it was invaded in 1951 by the People 's Republic of China which claims that Tibet is an integral part of China , while the Tibetan government-in-exile maintains that Tibet is an independent state under unlawful occupation . Some ethnic groups were once a stateless nation that later became a nation state ( for example , the nations of the Balkans such as the Croats , Serbs , Bosniaks , Slovenes , Montenegrins , Kosovars and Macedonians were once part of a multinational state of Yugoslavia . Since the breakup of Yugoslavia many nation states were formed ) . Stateless nations can have large population . For example , The Tamils are a stateless nation in South Asia with a population of more than 70 million . They form one of the largest ethnic groups in South India . Governments may respond differently on stateless nations in their states . For example , the suppression of the Tamil people in Sri Lanka led to one of the longest and most violent separatist conflict between 1983 and 2009 . However , a similar ethnic conflict was absent among Tamils in India during this period , because they were peacefully integrated into the federal structure of India . Multiple stateless nations can reside in the same region . For example , Catalans , Basques , Aragonese , Galicians , Asturians , Valencians , Andalusians in Iberian Peninsula or the Brahui , Santhals and Balochs in South Asia . The Romani people are another stateless people . They may be a special case being distributed among numerous countries with no clear homeland ; as a traditionally `` nomadic '' people , the Romani/Roma are a classical `` stateless nation '' without aspiration to sovereign territory . As not all states are nation states , there are a number of ethnic groups who live in a multinational state without being considered `` stateless nations '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5e7180920f616be41a3ede211d8692e8",
"text": "International recognition of Bangladesh The Bangladesh Liberation War ( মুক্তিযুদ্ধ Muktijuddho ) was a revolutionary independence war in South Asia during 1971 which established the republic of Bangladesh . The war pitted East Pakistan against West Pakistan , and lasted over a duration of nine months . It witnessed large-scale atrocities , the exodus of 10 million refugees and the displacement of 30 million people . The war broke out on 26 March 1971 , when the Pakistani Army launched a military operation called Operation Searchlight against Bengali civilians , students , intelligentsia and armed personnel , who were demanding that the Pakistani military junta accept the results of the 1970 first democratic elections of Pakistan , which were won by an eastern party , or to allow separation between East and West Pakistan . Bengali politicians and army officers announced the declaration of Bangladesh 's independence in response to Operation Searchlight . Bengali military , paramilitary and civilians formed the Mukti Bahini ( মুক্তি বাহিনী `` Liberation Army '' ) , which engaged in guerrilla warfare against Pakistani forces . The Pakistan Army , in collusion with religious extremist militias ( the Razakars , Al-Badr and Al-Shams ) , engaged in the systematic genocide and atrocities of Bengali civilians , particularly nationalists , intellectuals , youth and religious minorities . Bangladesh government-in-exile was set up in the city of Calcutta ( now Kolkata ) in the Indian State of West Bengal . India entered the war on 3 December 1971 , after Pakistan launched pre-emptive air strikes on northern India . Overwhelmed by two war fronts , Pakistani defences soon collapsed . On 16 December , the Allied Forces of Bangladesh and India defeated Pakistan in the east . The subsequent surrender resulted in the largest number of prisoners-of-war since World War II .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "871400d8387289ab1e3560e1aae2a6fa",
"text": "Bangladesh–Thailand relations Bangladesh -- Thailand relations refer to foreign relations between Bangladesh and Thailand . Relations were established on 5 October 1972 . Thailand opened its embassy in Bangladesh in 1974 , and Bangladesh opened its embassy in Bangkok in 1975 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7e1c22a95da5373c85938cc30a6aa777",
"text": "Goalpara region Goalpara region , largely congruous to the historical undivided Goalpara district , is a region that is associated with the people and culture of Goalpara . It is bounded on the north by Bhutan , on the east by the Kamrup region , in the south by Meghalaya and in the west by Cooch Behar and Jalpaiguri in West Bengal and Rangpur in Bangladesh . The natural landmarks are : Sankosh and Brahmaputra rivers on the west , the Manas river on the east in the north bank , and a corresponding region in the south bank ; the Garo Hills in the south and Bhutan Hills in the north .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
26dcf985a77c407277fe6dbad270c171 | Shingles is more common among older people. | [
{
"docid": "671dd143dd7e1bc2259257ad9b31023f",
"text": "Shingles Shingles , also known as herpes zoster , is a viral disease characterized by a painful skin rash with blisters in a localized area . Typically the rash occurs in a single stripe either on the left or right of the body or face . Two to four days before the rash occurs there may be tingling or local pain in the area . Otherwise there are typically few symptoms . The rash usually heals within two to four weeks ; however , some people develop ongoing nerve pain which can last for months or years , a condition called postherpetic neuralgia . In those with poor immune function the rash may occur widely . If the rash involves the eye , vision loss may occur . Shingles is due to a reactivation of varicella zoster virus ( VZV ) within a person 's body . Chickenpox is due to an initial infection with VZV . Once chickenpox has resolved , the virus may remain inactive in nerve cells . When it reactivates it travels from the nerve body to the endings in the skin producing blisters . Risk factors for reactivation include old age , poor immune function , and having had chickenpox before 18 months of age . How the virus remains in the body or subsequently re-activates is not well understood . Exposure to the virus in the blisters can cause chickenpox in someone who has not had it before but will not trigger shingles . Diagnosis is typically based on a person 's signs and symptoms . Varicella zoster virus is not the same as herpes simplex virus ; however , they belong to the same family of viruses . The shingles vaccine decreases the chance of shingles by about half in those between the ages of 50 and 80 . It also decreases rates of postherpetic neuralgia , and if an outbreak occurs , its severity . After 80 the vaccine is still effective , just less so . It contains the same material as the varicella vaccine , just at a higher dose . If shingles develops , antiviral medications such as aciclovir can reduce the severity and duration of disease if started within 72 hours of the appearance of the rash . Evidence does not show a significant effect of antivirals or steroids on rates of postherpetic neuralgia . Paracetamol , NSAIDs , or opioids may be used to help with the acute pain . It is estimated that about a third of people develop shingles at some point in their life . While more common among older people , children may also get the disease . The number of new cases per year ranges from 1.2 -- 3.4 per 1,000 among healthy individuals to 3.9 -- 11.8 per 1,000 among those older than 65 years of age . About half of those living to age 85 will have at least one attack , and less than 5 % will have more than one attack . The disease has been recognized since ancient times .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "2faff3cfd503a8eb48eef754242772c2",
"text": "Chronic fatigue syndrome treatment Treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome ( CFS ) is variable and uncertain , and the condition is primarily managed rather than cured . Only two treatments , cognitive behavioral therapy and graded exercise therapy , have demonstrated reproducible evidence for their efficacy people with CFS who are walking . There are no Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) approved medications for ME/CFS treatment , although medications are used without approval for the illness ( off-label ) . Drugs have been used in experimental studies of the illness that have n't been approved for market for any condition in the United States ( for example , isoprinosine and rintatolimod ) . Other proposed treatments include medical treatments and alternative medicine . Even when treated , the prognosis of CFS is often poor . In one study , poor early management was reported to be a main risk factor for severe CFS ( delayed diagnosis , poor response to analgesics , physiotherapy , or alternative medicine ) , with associated variables including a poor relationship with the GP before and after diagnosis , and the involvement of a psychiatrist in initial treatment . CFS management techniques include behavioral interventions such as cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT , a form of psychological therapy ) , and graded exercise therapy ( GET ) . Based on evidence from multiple randomized clinical trials ( RCTs ) , a systematic review published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine ( October 2006 ) stated that CBT and GET interventions showed promising results , appearing to reduce symptoms and improve function . The review stated that the evidence of effectiveness was inconclusive for most other interventions , with some reporting significant adverse effects . The wide variety of outcome measures used in CFS research was found to be a `` fundamental problem '' for assessing the effectiveness of interventions in general , and no intervention has proven to be effective in restoring the ability to work . Recovery is `` rare '' even after a comprehensive rehabilitation programme .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4c4b7f594a0dda3270ae22ff08594975",
"text": "Glaucoma Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss . The most common type is open-angle glaucoma with less common types including closed-angle glaucoma and normal-tension glaucoma . Open-angle glaucoma develops slowly over time and there is no pain . Side vision may begin to decrease followed by central vision resulting in blindness if not treated . Closed-angle glaucoma can present gradually or suddenly . The sudden presentation may involve severe eye pain , blurred vision , mid-dilated pupil , redness of the eye , and nausea . Vision loss from glaucoma , once it has occurred , is permanent . Risk factors for glaucoma include increased pressure in the eye , a family history of the condition , migraines , high blood pressure , and obesity . For eye pressures a value of greater than 21 mmHg is often used with higher pressures leading to a greater risk . However , some may have high eye pressure for years and never develop damage . Conversely , optic nerve damage may occur with normal pressure , known as normal-tension glaucoma . The mechanism of open-angle glaucoma is believed to be slow exit of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork while in closed-angle glaucoma the iris blocks the trabecular meshwork . Diagnosis is by a dilated eye examination . Often the optic nerve shows an abnormal amount of cupping . If treated early it is possible to slow or stop the progression of disease with medication , laser treatment , or surgery . The goal of these treatments is to decrease eye pressure . A number of different classes of glaucoma medication are available . Laser treatments may be effective in both open-angle and closed-angle glaucoma . A number of types of glaucoma surgeries may be used in people who do not respond sufficiently to other measures . Treatment of closed-angle glaucoma is a medical emergency . About 6 to 67 million people have glaucoma globally . The disease affects about 2 million people in the United States . It occurs more commonly among older people . Closed-angle glaucoma is more common in women . Glaucoma has been called the `` silent thief of sight '' because the loss of vision usually occurs slowly over a long period of time . Worldwide , glaucoma is the second-leading cause of blindness after cataracts . The word `` glaucoma '' is from ancient Greek glaukos which means blue , green , or gray . In English , the word was used as early as 1587 but did not become commonly used until after 1850 , when the development of the ophthalmoscope allowed people to see the optic nerve damage .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "391dca37ebdd8b0b52996c1e921eb1c2",
"text": "Poliomyelitis Poliomyelitis , often called polio or infantile paralysis , is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus . In about 0.5 percent of cases there is muscle weakness resulting in an inability to move . This can occur over a few hours to a few days . The weakness most often involves the legs but may less commonly involve the muscles of the head , neck and diaphragm . Many but not all people fully recover . In those with muscle weakness about 2 to 5 percent of children and 15 to 30 percent of adults die . Another 25 percent of people have minor symptoms such as fever and a sore throat and up to 5 percent have headache , neck stiffness and pains in the arms and legs . These people are usually back to normal within one or two weeks . In up to 70 percent of infections there are no symptoms . Years after recovery post-polio syndrome may occur , with a slow development of muscle weakness similar to that which the person had during the initial infection . Poliovirus is usually spread from person to person through infected fecal matter entering the mouth . It may also be spread by food or water containing human feces and less commonly from infected saliva . Those who are infected may spread the disease for up to six weeks even if no symptoms are present . The disease may be diagnosed by finding the virus in the feces or detecting antibodies against it in the blood . The disease only occurs naturally in humans . The disease is preventable with the polio vaccine ; however , a number of doses are required for it to be effective . The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends polio vaccination boosters for travelers and those who live in countries where the disease is occurring . Once infected there is no specific treatment . In 2016 , polio affected 42 people , while there were about 350,000 cases in 1988 . In 2014 the disease was only spreading between people in Afghanistan , Nigeria , and Pakistan . In 2015 Nigeria had stopped the spread of wild poliovirus but it reoccurred in 2016 . Poliomyelitis has existed for thousands of years , with depictions of the disease in ancient art . The disease was first recognized as a distinct condition by Michael Underwood in 1789 and the virus that causes it was first identified in 1908 by Karl Landsteiner . Major outbreaks started to occur in the late 19th century in Europe and the United States . In the 20th century it became one of the most worrying childhood diseases in these areas . The first polio vaccine was developed in the 1950s by Jonas Salk . It is hoped that vaccination efforts and early detection of cases will result in global eradication of the disease by 2018 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "87202e209b238f54608e3f8ee7331c12",
"text": "Acrochordon An acrochordon ( plural acrochorda ; also known as a skin tag or fibroepithelial polyp ) is a small benign tumor that forms primarily in areas where the skin forms creases , such as the neck , armpit , and groin . They may also occur on the face , usually on the eyelids . Acrochorda are harmless , are typically painless and usually do not grow or change over time . Though tags up to a half-inch long have been seen , they are typically the size of a grain of rice . The surface of an acrochordon may be smooth or irregular in appearance and is often raised from the surface of the skin on a fleshy stalk called a peduncle . Microscopically , an acrochordon consists of a fibrovascular core , sometimes also with fat cells , covered by an unremarkable epidermis . However , tags may become irritated by shaving , clothing , jewellery , or eczema . Skin tags are thought to occur from skin rubbing up against skin , since they are so often found in skin creases and folds . Studies have shown existence of low-risk HPV 6 and 11 in skin tags , hinting at a possible role in its pathogenesis . Acrochorda have been reported to have a prevalence of 46 % in the general population . A causal genetic component is thought to exist . They also are more common in women than in men . Rarely , they can be associated with the Birt -- Hogg -- Dubé syndrome , acromegaly , and polycystic ovary syndrome . Skin tags may serve as a marker for those people whose carbohydrate metabolism is impaired and for those who may be at risk for diabetes mellitus type 2 , although such a link has not been shown . Elevated blood sugar and insulin increase the incidence of skin tags through an unknown mechanism .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "faa4ab2a14454da4f21f2e7f116e7778",
"text": "Epidemiology of syphilis Syphilis is believed to have infected people in 1999 with greater than 90 % of cases in the developing world . It affects between 700,000 and 1.6 million pregnancies a year resulting in spontaneous abortions , stillbirths , and congenital syphilis . In Sub-Saharan Africa syphilis contributes to approximately 20 % of perinatal deaths . In the developed world , syphilis infections were in decline until the 1980s and 1990s due to widespread use of antibiotics . Since the year 2000 , rates of syphilis have been increasing in the US , UK , Australia , and Europe primarily among men who have sex with men . This is attributed to unsafe sexual practices . Increased rates among heterosexuals have occurred in China and Russia since the 1990s . Syphilis increases the risk of HIV transmission by two to five times and co-infection is common ( 30 -- 60 % in a number of urban centers ) . Untreated it has a mortality of 8 % to 58 % with a greater death rate in males . The symptoms of syphilis have become less severe over the 19th and 20th century in part due to widespread availability of effective treatment and partly due to decreasing virulence of the spirochete . With early treatment few complications result .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a8b54cfd6ab69f2fd509a8281ab05254",
"text": "Parkinson's disease Parkinson 's disease ( PD ) is a long-term degenerative disorder of the central nervous system that mainly affects the motor system . The symptoms generally come on slowly over time . Early in the disease , the most obvious are shaking , rigidity , slowness of movement , and difficulty with walking . Thinking and behavioral problems may also occur . Dementia becomes common in the advanced stages of the disease . Depression and anxiety are also common occurring in more than a third of people with PD . Other symptoms include sensory , sleep , and emotional problems . The main motor symptoms are collectively called `` parkinsonism '' , or a `` parkinsonian syndrome '' . The cause of Parkinson 's disease is generally unknown , but believed to involve both genetic and environmental factors . Those with a family member affected are more likely to get the disease themselves . There is also an increased risk in people exposed to certain pesticides and among those who have had prior head injuries while there is a reduced risk in tobacco smokers and those who drink coffee or tea . The motor symptoms of the disease result from the death of cells in the substantia nigra , a region of the midbrain . This results in not enough dopamine in these areas . The reason for this cell death is poorly understood , but involves the build-up of proteins into Lewy bodies in the neurons . Diagnosis of typical cases is mainly based on symptoms , with tests such as neuroimaging being used to rule out other diseases . There is no cure for Parkinson 's disease . Initial treatment is typically with the antiparkinson medication L-DOPA ( levodopa ) , with dopamine agonists being used once levodopa becomes less effective . As the disease progresses and neurons continue to be lost , these medications become less effective while at the same time they produce a complication marked by involuntary writhing movements . Diet and some forms of rehabilitation have shown some effectiveness at improving symptoms . Surgery to place microelectrodes for deep brain stimulation has been used to reduce motor symptoms in severe cases where drugs are ineffective . Evidence for treatments for the non-movement-related symptoms of PD , such as sleep disturbances and emotional problems , is less strong . In 2015 , PD affected 6.2 million people and resulted in about 117,400 deaths globally . Parkinson 's disease typically occurs in people over the age of 60 , of which about one percent are affected . Males are more often affected than females . When it is seen in people before the age of 50 , it is called young-onset PD . The average life expectancy following diagnosis is between 7 and 14 years . The disease is named after the English doctor James Parkinson , who published the first detailed description in An Essay on the Shaking Palsy , in 1817 . Public awareness campaigns include World Parkinson 's Day ( on the birthday of James Parkinson , 11 April ) and the use of a red tulip as the symbol of the disease . People with parkinsonism who have increased the public 's awareness of the condition include actor Michael J. Fox , Olympic cyclist Davis Phinney , and late professional boxer Muhammad Ali .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b639f4c7e6317c4abb31563ab7f4f66f",
"text": "Human pathogen A human pathogen is a pathogen ( microbe or microorganism such as a virus , bacterium , prion , or fungus ) that causes disease in humans . The human physiological defense against common pathogens ( such as Pneumocystis ) is mainly the responsibility of the immune system with help by some of the body 's normal flora and fauna . However , if the immune system or `` good '' microbiota are damaged in any way ( such as by chemotherapy , human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) , or antibiotics being taken to kill other pathogens ) , pathogenic bacteria that were being held at bay can proliferate and cause harm to the host . Such cases are called opportunistic infections . Some pathogens ( such as the bacterium Yersinia pestis , which may have caused the Black Plague , the Variola virus , and the malaria protozoa ) have been responsible for massive numbers of casualties and have had numerous effects on afflicted groups . Of particular note in modern times is HIV , which is known to have infected several million humans globally , along with the influenza virus . Today , while many medical advances have been made to safeguard against infection by pathogens , through the use of vaccination , antibiotics , and fungicide , pathogens continue to threaten human life . Social advances such as food safety , hygiene , and water treatment have reduced the threat from some pathogens .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c504f837194a91391b1390a15ab2201f",
"text": "Stroke in China Recent epidemiologic studies confirm that stroke is the most frequent cause of death in the People 's Republic of China , with an incidence more than fivefold that of myocardial infarction . Intracerebral hemorrhage causes about one third of all strokes , nearly three times the frequency in North American stroke registries . A marked regional variation in stroke incidence exists , with a threefold higher stroke incidence in northern than in southern Chinese cities , suggesting important environmental or dietary influences . Stroke treatment often involves a combination of modern and traditional herbal medicine ; the latter may modify platelet aggregation and blood viscosity . Stroke , particularly intracerebral hemorrhage , is the most frequent and important vascular disorder in China . China reports more patients with stroke than anywhere else in the world . While there is still a great deal of unknown information , stroke research has been making great progress in recent years , such as in the areas of clinical research , population and genetic epidemiology , brain ischemia/reperfusion exploring , leukoencephalopathy ( CADASIL ) , neural stem cell and stroke , neuroprotective treatment for stroke , clinical therapy test in stroke , rehabilitation and prevention . Cities and towns in China have integrated systems for registering and investigating strokes . Chinese researchers have followed closely the international level of stroke treatment with a forward position in neural stem cell . Traditional Chinese drugs have featured effects on neuroprotective treatment for stroke which has also been investigated . Chinese scientists have suggested a new way of dividing neuroprotectors in stroke . The clinical therapy test with urokinase and defibrase for cerebral infarction in China is effective and relatively safe , yet the original papers published by Chinese researchers and clinical effects for patient treatment still need to be improved and updated .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a1117a13077159a5b49db9e03dc40821",
"text": "Hand, foot, and mouth disease Hand , foot and mouth disease ( HFMD ) is a common infection caused by a group of viruses . It typically begins with a fever and feeling generally unwell . This is followed a day or two later by flat discolored spots or bumps that may blister , on the hands , feet , and mouth , and occasionally buttocks and groin . Signs and symptoms normally appear 3 -- 6 days after exposure to the virus . The rash generally goes away on its own in about a week . Fingernail and toenail loss may occur a few weeks later and these then regrow . The viruses that cause HFMD are spread through close personal contact , through the air from coughing , and the feces of an infected person . Contaminated objects can also spread the disease . Coxsackievirus A16 is the most common cause and Enterovirus 71 is the second-most common cause . Other strains of coxsackievirus and enterovirus can also be responsible . Some people may carry and pass on the virus despite having no symptoms of disease . Other animals are not involved . Diagnosis can often be made based on symptoms . Occasionally throat or stool sample may be tested for the virus . Handwashing may prevent spread and those infected should not go to work , daycare , or school . No antiviral medication or vaccine is available , but development efforts are underway . Most cases require no specific treatment . Simple pain medication such as ibuprofen or numbing mouth gel may be used . Occasionally intravenous fluids are given to children who are unable to drink enough . Rarely viral meningitis or encephalitis may complicate the disease . HFMD occurs in all areas of the world . It often occurs in small outbreaks in nursery schools or kindergartens . Large outbreaks have been occurring in Asia since 1997 . It usually occurs during the spring , summer , and fall months . Typically it occurs in children less than five years old , but can occasionally occur in adults . HFMD should not be confused with foot-and-mouth disease ( also known as hoof-and-mouth disease ) which mostly affects livestock .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f6b61856fbd0c10b73c77432f00e7790",
"text": "Dermatitis herpetiformis Dermatitis herpetiformis ( DH ) , or Duhring 's disease , Freedberg , et al. ( 2003 ) . Fitzpatrick 's Dermatology in General Medicine . ( 6th ed . ) . McGraw-Hill . ISBN 0-07-138076-0 . is a chronic blistering skin condition , characterised by blisters filled with a watery fluid . Despite its name , DH is neither related to nor caused by herpes virus : the name means that it is a skin inflammation having an appearance similar to herpes . DH was first described by Louis Adolphus Duhring in 1884 . A connection between DH and celiac disease was recognised in 1967 , although the exact causal mechanism is not known . DH is a specific manifestation of celiac disease . The age of onset is usually about 15-40 , but DH can also affect children and the elderly . Men and women are equally affected . Estimates of DH prevalence vary from 1 in 400 to 1 in 10,000 . It is most common in patients of northern European/northern Indian ancestry , and is associated with the HLA-DQ2 haplotype along with coeliac disease and gluten sensitivity .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "05fca1bf1ab87cc4fd9f31d9546b713d",
"text": "Home care Home care ( also referred to as domiciliary care , social care , or in-home care ) is supportive care provided in the home . Care may be provided by licensed healthcare professionals who provide medical treatment needs or by professional caregivers who provide daily assistance to ensure the activities of daily living ( ADLs ) are met . In-home medical care is often and more accurately referred to as `` home health care '' or formal care . Often , the term home health care is used to distinguish it from non-medical care , custodial care , or private-duty care which refers to assistance and services provided by persons who are not nurses , doctors , or other licensed medical personnel . For terminally ill patients , home care may include hospice care . For patients recovering from surgery or illness , home care may include rehabilitative therapies . Home health services help adults , seniors , and pediatric clients who are recovering after a hospital or facility stay , or need additional support to remain safely at home and avoid unnecessary hospitalization . These Medicare-certified services may include short-term nursing , rehabilitative , therapeutic , and assistive home health care . This care is provided by registered nurses ( RNs ) , licensed practical nurses ( LPN 's ) , physical therapists ( PTs ) , occupational therapists ( OTs ) , speech language pathologists ( SLPs ) , home health aides ( HHAs ) and medical social workers ( MSWs ) as a limited number of up to one hour visits , addressed primarily through the Medicare Home Health benefit . The largest segment of home care consists of licensed and unlicensed non-medical personnel , including caregivers who assist the individual . Care assistants may help the individual with daily tasks such as bathing , eating , cleaning the home and preparing meals . Caregivers work to support the needs of individuals who require such assistance . These services help the client to stay at home versus living in a facility . Non-medical home care is paid for by the individual or family . The term `` private-duty '' refers to the private pay nature of these relationships . Home care ( non-medical ) has traditionally been privately funded as opposed to home health care which is task-based and government or insurance funded . These traditional differences in home care services are changing as the average age of the population has risen . Individuals typically desire to remain independent and use home care services to maintain their existing lifestyle . Government and Insurance providers are beginning to fund this level of care as an alternative to facility care . In-Home Care is often a lower cost solution to long-term care facilities .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cdeed849f43790c82cf0e2365ebc43ff",
"text": "Yellow fever vaccine Yellow fever vaccine is a vaccine that protects against yellow fever . Yellow fever is a viral infection that occurs in Africa and South America . Most people begin to develop immunity within ten days and 99 % are protected within one month of vaccination and this appears to be lifelong . The vaccine can be used to control outbreaks of disease . It is given either by injection into a muscle or just under the skin . The World Health Organization ( WHO ) recommends routine immunization in all countries where the disease is common . This should typically occur between nine and twelve months of age . Those travelling to areas where the disease occurs should also be immunized . Additional doses after the first are generally not needed . Yellow fever vaccine is generally safe . This includes in those with HIV infection but without symptoms . Mild side effects may include headache , muscle pains , pain at the injection site , fever , and rash . Severe allergies occur in about eight per million doses , serious neurological problems occur in about four per million doses , and organ failure occurs in about three per million doses . It is likely safe in pregnancy and therefore recommended among those who will be potentially exposed . It should not be given to those with very poor immune function . Yellow fever vaccine came into use in 1938 . It is on the World Health Organization 's List of Essential Medicines , the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system . The wholesale price in the developing world is between US$ 4.30 and US$ 21.30 per dose as of 2014 . In the United States it costs between US$ 50 and US$ 100 . The vaccine is made from weakened yellow fever virus . Some countries require a yellow fever vaccination certificate before entry from a country where the disease is common .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8217e589f383a384aa1b866edec72068",
"text": "Hypnodermatology Hypnodermatology is an informal label for the use of hypnosis in treating the skin conditions that fall between conventional medical dermatology and the mental health disciplines . The use of hypnosis to provide relief for some skin conditions is based on observations that the severity of the disease may correlate with emotional issues . In addition , hypnotherapy has been used to suggest improvement on dermatological symptoms , such as chronic psoriasis , eczema , ichthyosis , warts and alopecia areata . Philip D. Shenefelt , a research dermatologist at the University of South Florida School of Medicine , has identified two dozen dermatologic conditions that have shown response to hypnosis in the literature , with varying degrees of evidence . These include successful results in controlled trials on verruca vulgaris , psoriasis , and atopic dermatitis . A 2005 review in the Mayo Clinic Proceedings stated that , `` A review of the use of hypnosis in dermatology supports its value for many skin conditions not believed to be under conscious control '' . The most comprehensively studied skin conditions in relation to hypnotherapy are psoriasis and warts . Hypnosis may have positive effects on dermatological conditions in both adults and children . Hypnotherapy may contribute towards reducing itching and discomfort brought on by the presence of warts and improves and possibly decreasing lesions .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "10b15e981728d207fa20108a79af335d",
"text": "Pertussis Pertussis ( also known as whooping cough or 100-day cough ) is a highly contagious bacterial disease . Initially , symptoms are usually similar to those of the common cold with a runny nose , fever , and mild cough . This is then followed by weeks of severe coughing fits . Following a fit of coughing , a high-pitched whoop sound or gasp may occur as the person breathes in . The coughing may last for 10 or more weeks , hence the phrase `` 100-day cough '' . A person may cough so hard that they vomit , break ribs , or become very tired from the effort . Children less than one year old may have little or no cough and instead have periods where they do not breathe . The time between infection and the onset of symptoms is usually seven to ten days . Disease may occur in those who have been vaccinated , but symptoms are typically milder . Pertussis is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis . It is an airborne disease which spreads easily through the coughs and sneezes of an infected person . People are infectious to others from the start of symptoms until about three weeks into the coughing fits . Those treated with antibiotics are no longer infectious after five days . Diagnosis is by collecting a sample from the back of the nose and throat . This sample can then be tested by either culture or by polymerase chain reaction . Prevention is mainly by vaccination with the pertussis vaccine . Initial immunization is recommended between six and eight weeks of age , with four doses to be given in the first two years of life . The vaccine becomes less effective over time , with additional doses often recommended for older children and adults . Antibiotics may be used to prevent the disease in those who have been exposed and are at risk of severe disease . In those with the disease , antibiotics are useful if started within three weeks of the initial symptoms , but otherwise have little effect in most people . In children less than one year old and among those who are pregnant , they are recommended within six weeks of symptom onset . Antibiotics used include erythromycin , azithromycin , clarithromycin , or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole . Evidence to support interventions , other than antibiotics , for the cough is poor . Many children less than a year of age require hospitalization . An estimated 16.3 million people worldwide were infected in 2015 . Most cases occur in the developing world , and people of all ages may be affected . In 2015 , it resulted in 58,700 deaths -- down from 138,000 deaths in 1990 . Nearly 0.5 % of infected children less than one year of age die . Outbreaks of the disease were first described in the 16th century . The bacterium that causes the infection was discovered in 1906 . The pertussis vaccine became available in the 1940s .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3ff662871d345e07a42f43a6ae2eefdf",
"text": "Schnitzler syndrome Schnitzler syndrome is a rare disease characterised by chronic hives ( urticaria ) and periodic fever , bone pain and joint pain ( sometimes with joint inflammation ) , weight loss , malaise , fatigue , swollen lymph glands and enlarged spleen and liver . The urticarial rash is non-itching in more than half of cases , which is unusual for hives . It is most prominent on the trunk , arms and legs , sparing the palms , soles , head and neck . Associated angioedema has been reported in a few patients . A review of 94 cases found a mean age at onset of 51 years , and only four patients developed symptoms before the age of 35 . The cause and disease mechanism of Schnitzler syndrome remain largely unknown . Schnitzler syndrome is considered an autoinflammatory and autoimmune disorder . Chronic hives and a monoclonal gammopathy have been proposed as the major criteria , while the others represent minor criteria .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b08c0f8d6499fedab241f4d7294219e9",
"text": "Irritable bowel syndrome Irritable bowel syndrome ( IBS ) is a group of symptoms -- including abdominal pain and changes in the pattern of bowel movements without any evidence of underlying damage . These symptoms occur over a long time , often years . It has been classified into four main types depending on if diarrhea is common , constipation is common , both are common , or neither occurs very often ( IBS-D , IBS-C , IBS-M , or IBS-U respectively ) . IBS negatively affects quality of life and may result in missed school or work . Disorders such as anxiety , major depression , and chronic fatigue syndrome are common among people with IBS . The causes of IBS are not clear . Theories include gut -- brain axis problems , small intestinal bacterial overgrowth , genetic factors , food sensitivity , and gut motility problems . Onset may be triggered by an intestinal infection , or stressful life event . IBS is a functional gastrointestinal disorder . Diagnosis is based on signs and symptoms in the absence of worrisome features . Worrisome features include onset at greater than 50 years of age , weight loss , blood in the stool , or a family history of inflammatory bowel disease . Other conditions that may present similarly include celiac disease , microscopic colitis , inflammatory bowel disease , bile acid malabsorption , and colon cancer . There is no cure for IBS . Treatment is carried out to improve symptoms . This may include dietary changes , medication , probiotics , and counseling . Dietary measures include increasing soluble fiber intake , a gluten free diet , or a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides , disaccharides , monosaccharides , and polyols ( FODMAP ) . The medication loperamide may be used to help with diarrhea while laxatives may be used to help with constipation . Antidepressants may improve overall symptoms and pain . Patient education and a good doctor -- patient relationship are an important part of care . About 10 to 15 % of people in the developed world are believed to be affected by IBS . It is more common in South America and less common in Southeast Asia . It is twice as common in women as men and typically occurs before age 45 . The condition appears to become less common with age . IBS does not affect life expectancy or lead to other serious diseases . The first description of the condition was in 1820 while the current term `` irritable bowel syndrome '' came into use in 1944 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cb338cef415fce471641b40c7957409d",
"text": "Hypochondriasis Hypochondriasis , also known as hypochondria , health anxiety or illness anxiety disorder , refers to worry about having a serious illness . This debilitating condition is the result of an inaccurate perception of the condition of body or mind despite the absence of an actual medical condition . An individual suffering from hypochondriasis is known as a hypochondriac . Hypochondriacs become unduly alarmed about any physical or psychological symptoms they detect , no matter how minor the symptom may be , and are convinced that they have , or are about to be diagnosed with , a serious illness . Often , hypochondria persists even after a physician has evaluated a person and reassured them that their concerns about symptoms do not have an underlying medical basis or , if there is a medical illness , their concerns are far in excess of what is appropriate for the level of disease . Many hypochondriacs focus on a particular symptom as the catalyst of their worrying , such as gastro-intestinal problems , palpitations , or muscle fatigue . To qualify for the diagnosis of hypochondria the symptoms must have been experienced for at least 6 months . The DSM-IV-TR defines this disorder , `` Hypochondriasis '' , as a somatoform disorder and one study has shown it to affect about 3 % of the visitors to primary care settings . The newly published DSM-5 replaces the diagnosis of hypochondriasis with the diagnoses of `` somatic symptom disorder '' and `` illness anxiety disorder '' . Hypochondria is often characterized by fears that minor bodily or mental symptoms may indicate a serious illness , constant self-examination and self-diagnosis , and a preoccupation with one 's body . Many individuals with hypochondriasis express doubt and disbelief in the doctors ' diagnosis , and report that doctors ' reassurance about an absence of a serious medical condition is unconvincing , or short-lasting . Additionally , many hypochondriacs experience elevated blood pressure , stress , and anxiety in the presence of doctors or while occupying a medical facility , a condition known as `` white coat syndrome '' . Many hypochondriacs require constant reassurance , either from doctors , family , or friends , and the disorder can become a disabling torment for the individual with hypochondriasis , as well as his or her family and friends . Some hypochondriacal individuals completely avoid any reminder of illness , whereas others frequently visit medical facilities , sometimes obsessively . Some sufferers may never speak about it .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ecb543c259e0b0f5b3469faef6a76a44",
"text": "Kaposi's sarcoma Kaposi 's sarcoma or Kaposi sarcoma ( -LSB- ˈkæpəʃi_sɑrˈkoʊmə -RSB- KS ) is a tumor caused by infection with human herpesvirus 8 ( HHV8 ) , also known as Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ( KSHV ) or KS agent . It was originally described by Moritz Kaposi , a Hungarian dermatologist practicing at the University of Vienna in 1872 . It became more widely known as one of the AIDS-defining illnesses in the 1980s . The viral cause for this cancer was discovered in 1994 . Although KS is now well-established to be caused by a viral infection , there is widespread lack of awareness of this even among persons at risk for KSHV/HHV -8 infection . Kaposi sarcoma ( KS ) is a systemic disease that can present with cutaneous lesions with or without internal involvement . Four subtypes have been described : Classic KS , affecting middle aged men of Mediterranean descent ; African endemic KS ; KS in iatrogenically immunosuppressed patients ; and AIDS-related KS . The erythematous to violaceous cutaneous lesions seen in KS have several morphologies : macular , patch , plaque , nodular , and exophytic . The cutaneous lesions can be solitary , localized or disseminated . KS can involve the oral cavity , lymph nodes , and viscera . Classic KS tends to be indolent , presenting with erythematous or violaceous patches on the lower extremities . African endemic KS and AIDS-related KS tend to be more aggressive . The AIDS-related KS lesions often rapidly progress to plaques and nodules affecting the upper trunk , face , and oral mucosa . The diagnosis can be made with a tissue biopsy and , if clinically indicated , internal imaging should be done . Once the diagnosis of KS has been made , treatment is based on the subtype and the presence of localized versus systemic disease . Localized cutaneous disease can be treated with cryotherapy , intralesional injections of vinblastine , alitretinoin gel , radiotherapy , topical immunotherapy ( Imiquimod ) , or surgical excision . Extensive cutaneous disease or internal disease may require intravenous chemotherapy and immunotherapy . Discontinuation or reduction of immunosuppressive therapy is recommended when KS arises in the setting of iatrogenic immunosuppression . However , with AIDS-related KS , highly active antiretroviral therapy ( HAART ) has been shown to prevent , or induce regression of , KS . Some AIDS patients have complete resolution of the lesions and prolonged remission while continuing the therapy . Therefore , HAART should be considered first-line treatment for these patients , though they may require other treatments at the same time .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "eeef80bd0f3a78474337f5510c8a5e3d",
"text": "Erythema chronicum migrans Erythema chronicum migrans ( New Latin , literally , `` chronic migrating redness '' ) refers to the rash often ( though not always ) seen in the early stage of Lyme disease . It can appear anywhere from one day to one month after a tick bite . This rash does not represent an allergic reaction to the bite , but rather an actual skin infection with the Lyme bacteria , Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato . `` Erythema migrans is the only manifestation of Lyme disease in the United States that is sufficiently distinctive to allow clinical diagnosis in the absence of laboratory confirmation . '' It is a pathognomonic sign : a physician-identified rash warrants an instant diagnosis of Lyme disease and immediate treatment without further testing , even by the strict criteria of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Such target lesions ( bull 's - eye rashes ) are characteristic of Borrelia infections , and no other pathogens are known that cause this form of rash . A similar condition called Southern Tick Associated Rash Illness ( STARI ) produces a similar rash pattern although it develops more quickly and is smaller . The associated infectious agent has not been determined . Antibiotic treatment resolves the illness quickly . This erythema is also sometimes called erythema migrans or EM . However , a less common meaning of the term `` erythema migrans '' is a mucosal condition of the tongue , also called geographic tongue .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "37dec348992cf46ceef7b01f00c308e3",
"text": "Pressure ulcer Pressure ulcers , also known as pressure sores , bedsores and decubitus ulcers , are localized damage to the skin and/or underlying tissue that usually occur over a bony prominence as a result of pressure , or pressure in combination with shear and/or friction . The most common sites are the skin overlying the sacrum , coccyx , heels or the hips , but other sites such as the elbows , knees , ankles , back of shoulders , or the back of the cranium can be affected . Pressure ulcers occur due to pressure applied to soft tissue resulting in completely or partially obstructed blood flow to the soft tissue . Shear is also a cause , as it can pull on blood vessels that feed the skin . Pressure ulcers most commonly develop in individuals who are not moving about , such as those being bedridden or confined to a wheelchair . It is widely believed that other factors can influence the tolerance of skin for pressure and shear , thereby increasing the risk of pressure ulcer development . These factors are protein-calorie malnutrition , microclimate ( skin wetness caused by sweating or incontinence ) , diseases that reduce blood flow to the skin , such as arteriosclerosis , or diseases that reduce the sensation in the skin , such as paralysis or neuropathy . The healing of pressure ulcers may be slowed by the age of the person , medical conditions ( such as arteriosclerosis , diabetes or infection ) , smoking or medications such as anti-inflammatory drugs . Although often prevented and treatable if detected early , pressure ulcers can be very difficult to prevent in critically ill people , frail elders , individuals with impaired mobility such as wheelchair users ( especially where spinal injury is involved ) . Primary prevention is to redistribute pressure by regularly turning the person . The benefit of turning to avoid further sores is well documented since at least the 19th century . In addition to turning and re-positioning the person in the bed or wheelchair , eating a balanced diet with adequate protein and keeping the skin free from exposure to urine and stool is very important . The rate of pressure ulcers in hospital settings is high ; the prevalence in European hospitals ranges from 8.3 % to 23 % and 26 % in Canadian healthcare settings . In 2013 , there were 29,000 documented deaths globally , up from 14,000 deaths in 1990 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
ea8c9e287602a89d9b252e260b54fbd1 | Emma is based on a book. | [
{
"docid": "3998b1b579ff21d1b65161f6fac2d16a",
"text": "Emma (1996 TV film) Jane Austen 's Emma is an adaptation of the 1815 novel of the same name . It was adapted for the British television network ITV in 1996 , directed by Diarmuid Lawrence and dramatised by Andrew Davies , the same year as Miramax 's film adaptation of Emma starring Gwyneth Paltrow . This production of Emma stars Kate Beckinsale as the title character , and also features Samantha Morton as Harriet Smith and Mark Strong as Mr. Knightley . Davies had recently adapted another Austen novel as the successful 1995 television serial Pride and Prejudice for BBC when he proposed to adapt the novel Emma for the network . BBC had already made such an agreement with another screenwriter however , leading Davies to approach ITV . Emma received generally positive reviews from critics , who believed it to be superior to the 1996 Miramax film . Most focused on Beckinsale 's performance as a positive highlight . It aired on ITV on the 24 November 1996 and garnered an estimated 12 million viewers . It also was broadcast on the American channel A&E in 16 February 1997 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "e7230efc2b546d501be6ed1284356709",
"text": "Fortunes of War (TV series) Fortunes of War is a 1987 BBC television adaptation of Olivia Manning 's cycle of novels Fortunes of War . It stars Kenneth Branagh as Guy Pringle , lecturer in English Literature in Bucharest during the early part of the Second World War , and Emma Thompson as his wife Harriet . Kenneth Branagh and Emma Thompson met filming the TV series and married in real life . Other cast members included Ronald Pickup , Robert Stephens , Alan Bennett , Philip Madoc and Rupert Graves . The series stays relatively faithful to the original novels , with no notable departures from their plot .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e3b11e6eeb073d758781a84263dfa385",
"text": "My Turn to Make the Tea My Turn to Make the Tea is the third semi-autobiographical book by the British author Monica Dickens . First published in 1951 by Michael Joseph , the book relates Dickens ' time working as a junior reporter on the Downingham Post in the fictional town of Downingham . The book is important for revealing the obstacles faced by many early women reporters in the world of journalism .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "43cb4ff61ca7847b4497bc12bce03877",
"text": "What Hetty Did What Hetty Did is the seventh novel by J.L. Carr , published in 1988 when he was 76 years old . The novel describes the experiences of an 18-year-old girl . Hetty Birtwisle has been brought up by adoptive parents in the Fens ; after a beating by her father , discovering that she was adopted , she flees to Birmingham where she has learnt she was born and alters her surname to Beauchamp . Hetty Beauchamp comes across several characters from Carr 's other novels in the boarding house in which she lives , including Emma Foxberrow , a teacher in The Harpole Report and Edward Peplow , from A Day in Summer . Carr was offered an advance of # 5,000 for the novel , including paperback rights , but as this was the same amount that he had been offered three years earlier for The Battle of Pollocks Crossing , he decided to publish it himself . The book was published in an edition of 2,850 copies and is the first novel published by The Quince Tree Press . As Carr usually offered to send his books post free , he included the price of postage in the price of the book , which had to be printed on the back . However he based postage mistakenly on the cost of sending a Penguin paperback , and What Hetty Did was printed on superior paper with card covers , so it was heavier than expected and he lost money on postage . However the book sold well at # 3.95 a copy and he soon had another 3,000 copies printed . The novel is still published by The Quince Tree Press . The book is notable for the fact that he gave his name as James Carr on the spine and J.L. Carr on the front . Carr was christened Joseph Lloyd and adopted the name ` Jim ' or even ` James ' in his early 20s . The story was adapted by Ellen Dryden for BBC Radio 4 's Woman 's Hour Drama in 2004 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d27b07b8466897370e8e22349ba20cd2",
"text": "Emma Bull Emma Bull ( born December 13 , 1954 ) is an American science fiction and fantasy author . Her novels include the Hugo - and Nebula-nominated Bone Dance and the urban fantasy War for the Oaks . She is also known for a series of anthologies set in Liavek , a shared universe that she created with her husband Will Shetterly . As a singer , songwriter , and guitarist , she has been a member of the Minneapolis-based folk/rock bands Cats Laughing and The Flash Girls .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d48871ddff1210565350afec2bba4462",
"text": "Emma Rees Emma Rees may refer to : Emma L. E. Rees , British academic The Emma Rees Case",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3b9ea952122a38637a3566e4f76960f2",
"text": "Iain Blair Iain Blair ( 12 August 1942 -- 3 July 2011 ) was a Scottish actor and author who , using the pen name Emma Blair wrote a series of romantic novels .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8a59963810f16b0d6b256355a78e1d2c",
"text": "Emma Nyra Emma Chukwugoziam Obi ( born July 18 , 1988 ) , professionally known by her stage name Emma Nyra , is an American-born Nigerian singer-songerwriter , actress and model .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "28f0d24a11a4e666a2a65ecec82e291f",
"text": "Emma Lou Thayne Emma Lou Warner Thayne ( October 22 , 1924 -- December 6 , 2014 ) was a Mormon poet and novelist , counted as one of the 75 most significant . Thayne graduated from the University of Utah in 1945 . She would later return there to coach tennis and teach English . In the late 1960s , she completed a master 's degree at the University of Utah . She was on the faculty over 30 years . In 1949 , she married Mel Thayne ; they became the parents of five daughters . Although Thayne worked primarily as a poet , she also wrote novels . Her first novel was Never Past the Gate , which was inspired by her summers growing up in Mount Aire Canyon . Thayne also served on the board directors for Deseret News . She was also a contributor to such magazines as Network , a woman 's magazine based in Salt Lake City , Exponent II and Utah Holiday . At age 90 , she died in Salt Lake City on December 6 , 2014 . Thayne wrote the words to the hymn `` Where Can I Turn for Peace '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "737ee12e1889793e7af829fc903bd3a3",
"text": "Supper at Emmaus (disambiguation) Supper at Emmaus is an event in the Gospel of Luke . Supper at Emmaus is also the name of : Supper at Emmaus ( London ) ( Caravaggio ) hangs at the National Gallery , London Supper at Emmaus ( Milan ) ( Caravaggio ) hangs at the Pinacoteca di Brera , Milan a forgery of Vermeer by Han van Meegeren",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ce888e8150a8610331dfc7c3a90f999b",
"text": "Magic (novel) Magic is a psychological horror novel written by William Goldman . It was published in the United States in August 1976 by Delacorte Press . In 1978 Richard Attenborough directed a feature film adaptation of the story that starred Anthony Hopkins and Ann-Margret .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "156191fc7b4a6c840db817d44ed1e78d",
"text": "Hilary Bailey Hilary Bailey ( 19 September 1936 -- 19 January 2017 ) was a British writer , critic and editor . Bailey attended Newnham College , University of Cambridge , where she was a founder-member of the Cambridge University Women 's Union . She was born in Bromley , Kent . Her books include Polly Put the Kettle On , Mrs Mulvaney , Hannie Richards and All the Days of My Life , with a heroine who suffers the fate of all women who step away from what 's expected of them . She wrote a biography of Vera Brittain , and sequels to Jane Eyre and The Turn of the Screw , a novel called Miles and Flora , which takes place some time after the original and resurrects one of the main characters . Bailey edited volumes 7-10 of the New Worlds Quarterly series , and was uncredited coauthor of The Black Corridor with Michael Moorcock , to whom she was married at the time . She was editing North Sea Island , the sequel to Bailey 's book , Fifty-First State , when her heart stopped . Hilary had three children , Sophie , Kate and Max and three grandchildren Alex , Tom and Bobby .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "09439a6e3ca52ce80c7db9b565dfdf87",
"text": "Emmeline Emmeline , The Orphan of the Castle is the first novel written by English writer Charlotte Turner Smith ; it was published in 1788 . A Cinderella story in which the heroine stands outside the traditional economic structures of English society and ends up wealthy and happy , the novel is a fantasy . At the same time , it criticises the traditional marriage arrangements of the 18th century , which allowed women little choice and prioritised the needs of the family . Smith 's criticisms of marriage stemmed from her personal experience and several of the secondary characters are thinly veiled depictions of her family , a technique which both intrigued and repelled contemporary readers . Emmeline comments on the 18th-century novel tradition , presenting reinterpretations of scenes from famous earlier works , such as Samuel Richardson 's Clarissa ( 1747 -- 48 ) . Moreover , the novel extends and develops the tradition of Gothic fiction . In combination with this , Smith 's style marks her as an early Romantic . Her characters learn about their identities from nature and her landscape descriptions are imbued with political messages about gender relations . Smith had separated from her husband in 1787 and was forced to write to support herself and her children . She quickly began writing novels , which were profitable at the time . Emmeline was published a year later in 1788 ; the first edition sold out quickly . Smith 's novel was so successful that her publisher paid her more than he had initially promised . The novel was printed in the United States , translated into French , and issued several times during the 19th century .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "350ef55621772f827b3cab1ccd2cffb3",
"text": "Finder (novel) Finder is a fantasy fiction novel written by Emma Bull and published in 1994 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6cddfea307dffb6fe413f9b2ce9f3901",
"text": "Emma Parker Emma Parker ( fl 1809 -- 1817 ) , was a novelist residing in Wales and writing in English , of whom very little is known . Her epistolary novel Self-Deception explores the cultural and religious differences between the English and the French .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5b8abbbc2bed7bc38cd1ff8459dd2120",
"text": "Eleanor (novel) Eleanor is a novel by Mary Augusta Ward , first published in 1900 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e3ef3da66cf4cfb71a26a882a0795591",
"text": "The Last Days of Emma Blank The Last Days of Emma Blank ( De laatste dagen van Emma Blank ) is a 2009 Dutch comedy film directed by Alex van Warmerdam .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f147a6c5611fc6cc4ca5d6a173714e2e",
"text": "Emma Garrett Emma Garrett ( c. 1846 -- 1893 ) was an American educator and advocate of teaching speech to the deaf . She established the Pennsylvania Institution for the Deaf and Dumb in Mount Airy , Philadelphia to teach the language to the deaf . She paired with sister , Mary Garrett and established their own school by getting a grant from the federal government . Her educational methods to find how best to fully teach a deaf student can be seen through the word method in teaching which she ultimately created and is still used in educational classrooms with deaf students . Through this she was able to change the lives of many deaf students and allow them a chance of education .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "84ab3b837c1bcb8ed295b45471ba22d9",
"text": "Emma-Lee (song) `` Emma-Lee '' is the first single taken from Idol ( Sweden ) Johan Palm 's debut album My Antidote . It reached # 1 in the Swedish Singles Chart and was composed by British Singer-Songwriter Ashley Hicklin , Swedish writer-producer Mårten Eriksson and his partner Lina Eriksson .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "90b3fc5a4c33ff63432bfbe81c62d95e",
"text": "Emma Kaye Emma Kaye is the founder and CEO of a full funded startup venture called Bozza . Emma has a number of seminal ( and enduring ) business and industry ventures to her name , and attained multiple professional accolades and leading-light endorsements in the course of a steadily evolving , outwardly mercurial-seeming career spanning only 15 years . She draws attention to the strong business underpinning of her work , pointing out that her involvement has twice had the result of giving sustainable business direction and African brand equity to a highly charged , emerging sector .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "32588d4432d4aceeaae49e0047d53eee",
"text": "Hood (novel) Hood is a novel written by Irish author Emma Donoghue in 1995 . The book was the recipient of the 1997 Stonewall Book Award and is heavily influenced by James Joyce 's Ulysses .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
29533a2ec969633192e3d59a682b29f6 | Cannibalism was widespread in the past among humans. | [
{
"docid": "dcf1928d6f0a86ecc799483ba0947467",
"text": "Cannibalism Cannibalism is the act or practice of humans eating the flesh or internal organs of other human beings . A person who practices cannibalism is called a cannibal . The expression cannibalism has been extended into zoology to mean one individual of a species consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food , including sexual cannibalism . The Island Carib people of the Lesser Antilles , from whom the word cannibalism derives , acquired a long-standing reputation as cannibals following the recording of their legends in the 17th century . Some controversy exists over the accuracy of these legends and the prevalence of actual cannibalism in the culture . Cannibalism was widespread in the past among humans in many parts of the world , continuing into the 19th century in some isolated South Pacific cultures , and to the present day in parts of tropical Africa . Cannibalism was practiced in New Guinea and in parts of the Solomon Islands , and flesh markets existed in some parts of Melanesia . Fiji was once known as the `` Cannibal Isles '' . Cannibalism has been well documented around the world , from Fiji to the Amazon Basin to the Congo to Māori New Zealand . Neanderthals are believed to have practiced cannibalism , and Neanderthals may have been eaten by anatomically modern humans . Cannibalism has recently been both practiced and fiercely condemned in several wars , especially in Liberia and Congo . It is still practiced in Papua New Guinea as of 2012 for cultic reasons and in ritual and in war in various Melanesian tribes . Cannibalism has been said to test the bounds of cultural relativism as it challenges anthropologists `` to define what is or is not beyond the pale of acceptable human behavior . '' Cannibalism has been occasionally practiced as a last resort by people suffering from famine , including in modern times . Famous examples include the ill-fated Westward expedition of the Donner Party ( 1846-7 ) and , more recently , the crash of Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 ( 1972 ) , after which some survivors ate the bodies of dead passengers . Also , some mentally ill people obsess about eating others and actually do so , such as Jeffrey Dahmer and Albert Fish . There is resistance to formally labeling cannibalism as a mental disorder .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "ecb52cdabd6988b176a80423735c43e1",
"text": "Infanticide (zoology) In animals , infanticide involves the killing of young offspring by a mature animal of the same species , and is studied in zoology , specifically in the field of ethology . Ovicide is the analogous destruction of eggs . The practice has been observed in many other species throughout the animal kingdom , especially primates ( primate infanticide ) . These include microscopic rotifers , insects , fish , amphibians , birds and mammals . Infanticide can be practiced by both males and females . Infanticide caused by sexual conflict has the general theme of the killer ( often male ) becoming the new sexual partner of the victim 's parent , which would otherwise be unavailable . This represents a gain in fitness by the killer , and a loss in fitness by the parents of the offspring killed . This is a type of evolutionary struggle between the two sexes , in which the victim sex may have counter-adaptations that reduce the success of this practice . It may also occur for other reasons , such as the struggle for food between females . In this case individuals may even kill closely related offspring . Filial infanticide occurs when a parent kills its own offspring . This sometimes involves consumption of the young themselves , which is termed filial cannibalism . The behavior is widespread in fishes , and is seen in terrestrial animals as well . Human infanticide has been recorded in almost every culture . A unique aspect of human infanticide is sex-selective infanticide .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d3f4393790d85fd43fc9a00650e72631",
"text": "History of slavery The history of slavery spans many cultures , nationalities , and religions from ancient times to the present day . However the social , economic , and legal positions of slaves were vastly different in different systems of slavery in different times and places . Slavery can be traced back to the earliest records , such as the Mesopotamian Code of Hammurabi ( c. 1860 BC ) , which refers to it as an established institution , and it was common among ancient peoples . Slavery is rare among hunter-gatherer populations , because it is developed as a system of social stratification . Slavery was known in the very first civilizations such as Sumer in Mesopotamia which dates back as far as 3500 BC , as well as in almost every other civilization . The Byzantine -- Ottoman wars and the Ottoman wars in Europe resulted in the taking of large numbers of Christian slaves . Slavery became common within much of Europe during the Dark Ages and it continued into the Middle Ages . The Dutch , French , Spanish , Portuguese , British , Arabs and a number of West African kingdoms played a prominent role in the Atlantic slave trade , especially after 1600 . David P. Forsythe wrote : `` The fact remained that at the beginning of the nineteenth century an estimated three-quarters of all people alive were trapped in bondage against their will either in some form of slavery or serfdom . '' Denmark-Norway was the first European country to ban the slave trade in 1802 . Although slavery is no longer legal anywhere in the world , human trafficking remains an international problem and an estimated 25-40 million people are enslaved today . During the 1983 -- 2005 Second Sudanese Civil War people were taken into slavery . Although Slavery in Mauritania was criminalized in August 2007 , in Mauritania it is estimated that up to 600,000 men , women and children , or 20 % of the population , are currently enslaved , many of them used as bonded labor . Evidence emerged in the late 1990s of systematic slavery on cacao plantations in West Africa ; see the chocolate and slavery article .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "715bcf949f06399931ab38a46d658c77",
"text": "Coprophilia Coprophilia ( from Greek κόπρος , kópros -- excrement and φιλία , philía -- liking , fondness ) , also called scatophilia or scat ( Greek : σκατά , skatá-feces ) , is the paraphilia involving sexual arousal and pleasure from feces . In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ) , published by the American Psychiatric Association , it is classified under 302.89 -- Paraphilia NOS ( Not Otherwise Specified ) and has no diagnostic criteria other than a general statement about paraphilias that says `` the diagnosis is made if the behavior , sexual urges , or fantasies cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social , occupational , or other important areas of functioning '' . Furthermore , the DSM-IV-TR notes , `` Fantasies , behaviors , or objects are paraphilic only when they lead to clinically significant distress or impairment ( e.g. are obligatory , result in sexual dysfunction , require participation of nonconsenting individuals , lead to legal complications , interfere with social relationships ) '' . Although there may be no connection between coprophilia and sadomasochism ( SM ) , the limited data on the former comes from studies of the latter . A study of 164 males in Finland from two SM clubs found that 18.2 % had engaged in coprophilia ; 3 % as a sadist , 6.1 % as a masochist , and 9.1 % as both . 18 % of heterosexuals and 17 % of homosexuals in the study pool had tried coprophilia , showing no statistically significant difference between heterosexuals and homosexuals . In a separate article analyzing 12 men who engaged in bestiality , an additional analysis of an 11-man subgroup revealed that 6 had engaged in coprophilic behavior , compared with only 1 in the matched control group consisting of 12 SM-oriented males who did not engage in bestiality .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7a045f9af7955cda851f1dfd7968ac87",
"text": "History of male circumcision The oldest documentary evidence of male circumcision comes from ancient Egypt . Circumcision was common , although not universal , among ancient Semitic peoples . In the aftermath of the conquests of Alexander the Great , however , Greek dislike of circumcision ( they regarded a man as truly `` naked '' only if his prepuce was retracted ) led to a decline in its incidence among many peoples that had previously practiced it . Circumcision has ancient roots among several ethnic groups in sub-equatorial Africa , and is still performed on adolescent boys to symbolize their transition to warrior status or adulthood . Male circumcision and/or subincision , often as part of an intricate coming of age ritual , was a common practice among Australian Aborigines and Pacific islanders at first contact with Western travellers . It is still practiced in the traditional way by a proportion of the population .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "92fb7ebbcdee166057b84de9cfd8f9f1",
"text": "Hypercarnivore A hypercarnivore is an animal which has a diet that is more than 70 % meat , with the balance consisting of non-animal foods such as fungi , fruits or other plant material . Some examples include crocodiles , alligators , owls , shrikes , eagles , felids , dolphins , snakes , marlin , spiders , scorpions and most sharks . Every species in the Felidae family , including the domesticated cat , is a hypercarnivore in its natural state . Some well-known hypercarnivorous invertebrates are octopuses and starfish . Additionally , this term is also used in paleobiology to describe taxa of animals which have an increased slicing component of their dentition relative to the grinding component . Hypercarnivores need not be apex predators . For example , salmon are exclusively carnivorous , yet they are prey at all stages of life for a variety of organisms . Many prehistoric mammals of the clade Carnivoramorpha ( Carnivora and Miacoidea without Creodonta ) , along with the early order Creodonta , and some mammals of the even earlier order Cimolesta , were hypercarnivores . The earliest carnivorous mammal is considered to be Cimolestes , which existed during the Late Cretaceous and early Paleogene periods in North America about 66 million years ago . Theropod dinosaurs such as Tyrannosaurus rex that existed during the late Cretaceous , although not mammals , were obligate carnivores . Large hypercarnivores evolved frequently in the fossil record , often in response to an ecological opportunity afforded by the decline or extinction of previously dominant hypercarnivorous taxa . While the evolution of large size and carnivory may be favored at the individual level , it can lead to a macroevolutionary decline , wherein such extreme dietary specialization results in reduced population densities and a greater vulnerability for extinction . As a result of these opposing forces , the fossil record of carnivores is dominated by successive clades of hypercarnivores that diversify and decline , only to be replaced by new hypercarnivorous clades . As an example of related species with differing diets , even though they diverged only 150,000 years ago , the polar bear is the most highly carnivorous bear ( more than 90 % of its diet is meat ) while the grizzly bear is one of the least carnivorous in many locales , with less than 10 % of its diet being meat .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b786505415f45af2540fee3f4b01752a",
"text": "Female infanticide Female infanticide is the deliberate killing of newborn female children . In countries with a history of female infanticide , the modern practice of sex-selective abortion is often discussed as a closely related issue . Female infanticide is a major cause of concern in several nations such as China and India . It has been argued that the `` low status '' in which women are viewed in patriarchal societies creates a bias against females . In 1978 , anthropologist Laila Williamson , in a summary of data she had collated on how widespread infanticide was among both tribal and developed , or `` civilized '' nations , found that infanticide had occurred on every continent and was carried out by groups ranging from hunter gatherers to highly developed societies and that rather than this practice being an exception , it has been commonplace . The practice has been well documented among the indigenous peoples of Australia , Northern Alaska and South Asia , and Barbara Miller argues the practice to be `` almost universal '' , even in the West . Miller contends that in regions where women are not employed in agriculture and regions in which dowries are the norm then female infanticide is commonplace , and in 1871 in The Descent of Man , and Selection in Relation to Sex , Charles Darwin wrote that the practice was commonplace among the aboriginal tribes of Australia . In 1990 , Amartya Sen writing in the New York Review of Books estimated that there were 100 million fewer women in Asia than would be expected , and that this amount of `` missing '' women `` tell -LSB- s -RSB- us , quietly , a terrible story of inequality and neglect leading to the excess mortality of women . '' Initially Sen 's suggestion of gender bias was contested and it was suggested that hepatitis B was the cause of the alteration in the natural sex ratio . However it is now widely accepted that the numerical worldwide deficit in women , is due to gender specific abortions , infanticide and neglect . In seventh-century Arabia , before Islamic culture became established , female infanticide was widely practiced . This is attributed by scholars to the fact that women were deemed `` property '' within those societies . Others have speculated that to prevent their daughters from a life of misery , the mothers would kill the child . With the arrival of Islamic rule the practice was made illegal .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "61ecfd2cfddc6e6c45cec165c2b45c2b",
"text": "Hunger in the United Kingdom Chronic hunger has affected a sizable proportion of the UK 's population throughout most of its history . The problem was largely solved with the improved economic conditions that followed World War II . Yet since the lasting global inflation in the price of food that began in late 2006 , and especially since the financial crisis of 2008 , severe hunger has once again began to affect thousands of Britons . By December 2013 , according to a group of doctors and academics writing in The British Medical Journal , hunger in the UK had reached the level of a `` public health emergency '' . In the run up to the 2015 general election , the issue of hunger in the UK became somewhat politicised , with right wing commentators expressing scepticism about figures presented by church groups and left leaning activitists . An All-Party MP group focusing on hunger in the UK has called for activists to be cautious in how they discuss the problem of domestic hunger , as exaggerated claims and political point scoring risk reducing public support for tackling the issue . In a 2016 report , the All-Party group stated it is not possible to accurately quantify the number of people suffering from hunger in the UK , and called for better collection of data . The UK has seen several changes in prevailing attitudes to the problem of hunger and its relief . In the early 19th century , a view arose that it was counter productive to assist those suffering from hunger ; rather people should be left to fend for themselves , which would help them become more self-sufficient and would also assist the free market to deliver prosperity . By the early 20th century this way of thinking had been largely displaced by the humanitarian view that Britons have a moral duty to help the hungry when they are able .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4020fdfdb3e29d37644b82e7001bbcab",
"text": "Origin of the domestic dog The origin of the domestic dog is not clear . The domestic dog is a member of genus Canis ( canines ) that forms part of the wolf-like canids , and is the most widely abundant carnivore . The closest living relative of the dog is the gray wolf and there is no evidence of any other canine contributing to its genetic lineage . The dog and the extant gray wolf form two sister clades , with modern wolves not closely related to the wolves that were first domesticated . The archaeological record shows the first undisputed dog remains buried beside humans 14,700 years ago , with disputed remains occurring 36,000 years ago . These dates imply that the earliest dogs arose in the time of human hunter-gatherers and not agriculturists . The dog was the first domesticated species . Where the genetic divergence of dog and wolf took place remains controversial , with the most plausible proposals spanning Western Europe , Central Asia , and East Asia . This has been made more complicated by the most recent proposal that fits the available evidence , which is that an initial wolf population split into East and West Eurasian groups ; these , before going extinct , were domesticated independently into two distinct dog populations between 14,000 -- 6,400 years ago . The Western Eurasian dog population was partially and gradually replaced by East Asian dogs introduced by humans at least 6,400 years ago .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "47e5611d0d2aa3c9ba470c88995a5c61",
"text": "Australopithecus bahrelghazali Australopithecus bahrelghazali is a fossil hominin discovered in 1995 by a Franco-Chadian team led by the paleontologist Michel Brunet . Two fossils have been described : - A mandibular fragment found at Chad east of the Bahr el Ghazal ( `` river of gazelles '' ) to about 45 km from the fort of Koro Toro , by the Franco-Chadian team of Michel Brunet ( paleontologist ) January 23 , 1995 on the site called KT12 . Named after the name of the fossil valley near where it was discovered , cataloged KT12 / H1 , the holotype consists of a mandibular fragment , a lower second incisor , both lower canines , and all four of its premolars , still affixed within the dental alveoli . - An upper premolar of another individual find on the same place January 1996 . This paratype is cataloged KT12 / H2 . A third fossil , a fragment of maxilla left , was collected January 16 , 1996 on the site of KT13 , KT12 close neighbor . Cataloged KT13-96-H1 , it appears in a scientific article in 1997 as Australopithecus sp . Indet . before to be named Australopithecus bahrelghazali in 2012 . Finally , a fourth fossil mandibular fragment with two teeth was unearthed July 18 , 2000 a few kilometers south of the site KT13 on the new site of KT40 . The three sites hominids KT12 , KT13 and KT40 are located at the foot of the same sandy cord , the Goz Kerki , testimony of a former shoreline MégaTchad . The fossil potential of this sector therefore remains important . Australopithecus bahrelghazali was dated by beryllium-based radiometric dating as living about 3.6 million years ago . The specimen locality is roughly 2,500 km west of the East African Great Rift Valley , making it far removed from what broadly thought to be the `` cradle '' area of human evolution . ( The specimen 's proper name is KT-12 / H1 ; Brunet named it Abel as a dedication to his deceased colleague Abel Brillanceau . ) The KT-12 / H1 mandible has similar features to the dentition of Australopithecus afarensis , which fact has caused researcher William Kimbel to argue that Abel is not a separate species , but `` falls within the range of variation '' of the species Australopithecus afarensis . By 1996 , Brunet and his team classified KT-12 / H1 as the holotype specimen for Australopithecus bahrelghazali . This claim is difficult to substantiate , as the describers , contrary to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature , have kept the specimen locked away from inspection by the general paleoanthropological community . A. bahrelghazali is unique as it is the only australopithecine fossil found in Central Africa . It is also of great importance as it is the first fossil to show that there is a geographical `` third window '' , that is , beyond East Africa and South Africa , of early hominin evolution .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b639f4c7e6317c4abb31563ab7f4f66f",
"text": "Human pathogen A human pathogen is a pathogen ( microbe or microorganism such as a virus , bacterium , prion , or fungus ) that causes disease in humans . The human physiological defense against common pathogens ( such as Pneumocystis ) is mainly the responsibility of the immune system with help by some of the body 's normal flora and fauna . However , if the immune system or `` good '' microbiota are damaged in any way ( such as by chemotherapy , human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV ) , or antibiotics being taken to kill other pathogens ) , pathogenic bacteria that were being held at bay can proliferate and cause harm to the host . Such cases are called opportunistic infections . Some pathogens ( such as the bacterium Yersinia pestis , which may have caused the Black Plague , the Variola virus , and the malaria protozoa ) have been responsible for massive numbers of casualties and have had numerous effects on afflicted groups . Of particular note in modern times is HIV , which is known to have infected several million humans globally , along with the influenza virus . Today , while many medical advances have been made to safeguard against infection by pathogens , through the use of vaccination , antibiotics , and fungicide , pathogens continue to threaten human life . Social advances such as food safety , hygiene , and water treatment have reduced the threat from some pathogens .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ba8ac590de976af464d578c5caba51f0",
"text": "Black Skin, White Masks Black Skin , White Masks ( Peau noire , masques blancs ) is a 1952 book by Frantz Fanon , in which Fanon studies the psychology of the racism and dehumanization inherent in situations of colonial domination . With the application of historical interpretation , and the concomitant underlying social indictment , the psychiatrist Frantz Fanon formulated Black Skin , White Masks to combat the oppression of black people . He applied psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theory to explain the feelings of dependency and inadequacy that Black people experience in a White world . That the divided self-perception of the Black Subject who has lost his native cultural origin , and embraced the culture of the Mother Country , produces an inferiority complex in the mind of the Black Subject , who then will try to appropriate and imitate the culture of the colonizer . Such behavior is more readily evident in upwardly mobile and educated black people who can afford to acquire status symbols within the world of the colonial ecumene , such as an education abroad and mastery of the language of the colonizer , the white masks . Based upon , and derived from , the concepts of the collective unconscious and collective catharsis , the sixth chapter , `` The Negro and Psychopathology '' , presents brief , deep psychoanalyses of colonized black people , and thus proposes the inability of black people to fit into the norms ( social , cultural , racial ) established by white society . That `` a normal Negro child , having grown up in a normal Negro family , will become abnormal on the slightest contact of the white world . '' That , in a white society , such an extreme psychological response originates from the unconscious and unnatural training of black people , from early childhood , to associate `` blackness '' with `` wrongness '' . That such unconscious mental training of black children is effected with comic books and cartoons , which are cultural media that instil and affix , in the mind of the white child , the society 's cultural representations of black people as villains . Moreover , when black children are exposed to such images of villainous black people , the children will experience a psychopathology ( psychological trauma ) , which mental wound becomes inherent to their individual , behavioral make-up ; a part of his and her personality . That the early-life suffering of said psychopathology -- black skin associated with villainy -- creates a collective nature among the men and women who were reduced to colonized populations .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f5e13f89971285933091f48347955703",
"text": "Miami cannibal attack On May 26 , 2012 , a naked male assailant named Rudy Eugene attacked and gruesomely maimed homeless man Ronald Poppo underneath a tram bridge crossing the MacArthur Causeway in Miami , Florida , making headlines across the world . During the 18-minute filmed encounter Eugene erroneously and erratically accused Poppo of stealing his Bible , then beat him unconscious , removed Poppo 's pants , and bit and chewed the flesh off most of his face above the beard , including his left eye . This rendered Poppo permanently blind in both eyes and grossly disfigured his face . Due to the incident 's bizarrely grotesque nature and subsequent worldwide media coverage , Eugene came to be dubbed the `` Miami Zombie '' and the `` Causeway Cannibal '' . The attack ended when Eugene was fatally shot by a Miami PD officer after failing to respond to commands instructing him to stop , and reportedly even snarled at police . Although friends and family interviewed immediately afterward filled in details of Eugene 's life , the reason for the attack remains unclear due to Eugene 's death . Eugene , 31 , was employed at a car wash at the time and was a divorced former high school football player with a series of petty criminal arrests from age 16 until most recently in 2009 . Poppo , 65 , a graduate of Manhattan 's prestigious Stuyvesant High School , was homeless and had long been presumed dead by his estranged family . While police sources speculated that the use of a legal recreational synthetic stimulant party drug such as `` bath salts '' ( which have a notorious reputation for the psychotic effects of the drug on some individuals ) might have been a contributing factor , experts expressed doubt about this hypothesis , since toxicology reports were only able to identify cannabis/marijuana in Eugene 's system , leaving the ultimate cause of his behavior unknown .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7bc89ff1103c527c0f67ac51e19ab506",
"text": "Ogre An ogre ( feminine ogress ) is a term used in myth and folk tales for a variety of abominable and brutish hominid monsters , informally large , unpleasant , grotesque , predatory , and typically cannibalistic towards normal human beings , infants , and children . Ogres and similar creatures feature in mythology , folklore , and fiction around the world , appearing in many classic works of literature and fairy tales . Ogres vary in size depending on the depiction , ranging from moderately large and heavyset by human standards to inhuman and disproportionate giants . Common features include oversized heads and mouths , animal-like bodily hair , discolored skin , extreme physical strength , a voracious appetite , and a generally hideous appearance , odor , and manner . Ogres overlap heavily with giants in mythology and may be considered a subtype thereof ; they also overlap with human cannibals in fiction . The villainous giant in `` Jack and the Beanstalk '' and `` Jack the Giant Killer '' matches an ogre in description and is sometimes directly termed an ogre in variants , and other man-eating giants such as those in The BFG and the Giant Despair in The Pilgrim 's Progress are highly comparable . Further examples of famous folktales featuring ogres include Puss in Boots abd `` Hop-o ' - My-Thumb '' ; while the most famous ogres in modern fiction are the eponymous main character Shrek and his wife Fiona from the animated comedy film series of the same name . Other characters and monsters sometimes comparable to or described as ogres in trait include the titular husband in `` Bluebeard '' , the Beast from `` Beauty and the Beast '' , `` Beowulf 's '' enemy Grendel , the Cyclops Polyphemus from Homer 's Odyssey , the related cyclops in the tales of `` Sinbad the Sailor '' , and the oni of Japanese folklore .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9d37da03e01544a29069cd42900ddf14",
"text": "Pack hunter A pack hunter or social predator is a predator belonging to the animal kingdom which has evolved to hunt its prey by working together with other members of its species . Normally animals hunting in this way are closely related , and with the exceptions of humans and chimpanzees where only males normally hunt , all individuals in a family group will contribute to hunting . The most commonly known pack hunter is the gray wolf , the closest wild relative of all breeds of domesticated dog . Humans and their closest-living relatives chimpanzees are also pack hunters . Other pack hunting mammals include dolphins , lions , dwarf and banded mongooses and spotted hyenas . A number of avian social predators exist , including the Harris 's hawk , butcherbirds , three of four kookaburra species and many helmetshrikes . There are a few cold-blooded pack hunters including simple arthropods such as army ants , the yellow saddle goatfish and occasionally crocodiles . There is a possibility that some non-avian theropod dinosaurs displayed pack behavior as well . A social animal that always hunts , singly such as the domestic cat , is not a pack hunter . Pack hunting is typically associated with cooperative breeding and its concentration in the Afrotropical Region is a reflection of this . Most pack hunters are found in the southern African savannas , with a notable absence in tropical rainforests and with the exception of the wolf and coyote , higher latitudes . It is thought that either on the ancient and poor soils of the southern African savanna it is not possible for individual predators to find adequate food , or that the environment 's inherent unpredictability due to ENSO or IOD events means that in very bad conditions it will not be possible to raise the young necessary to prevent declining populations from adult mortality . It is also argued that Africa 's very large area of continuous flat and open country , which was even more extensive while rainforest contracted during glacial periods of the Quaternary , may have helped encourage pack hunting to become much more common than on any other continent . A shared pack hunting history is thought to be the main conduit through which humans have been able to form a mutual relationship with dogs ( that is , domestication ) , as both species are highly social and inter-dependent . Humans easily take over the dominance hierarchy of dogs as subordinates instinctively follow the `` alpha '' individual and dogs are accustomed to living very close together When wolves hunt a Moose or Elk , it sometimes takes to deep water to avoid the pack . A wolf response to this behavior is that the pack rests with one or two wolves annoying the prey until it gets fatigued .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "906bccbe8004fd16ad6917254bb76ad6",
"text": "Funeral bundle A funeral bundle is a method of enclosing a corpse before burial , practiced by the Paracas culture of the Peruvian Andes . The well-preserved funeral bundles of the Paracas have allowed archaeologists to study their funeral rituals in detail . The naked body of the deceased is bundled in the fetal position before rigor mortis sets in . A long strip of coarse cotton cloth was then wrapped around the body . Along with the bodies , different kinds of memorabilia have been found , including clothing , food , scraps of cloth or clothed dolls with religious embroidered motifs , and small badges of gold , and these `` gifts '' form the nucleus of the bundle . In adult burials , one usually finds on this nucleus an additional layer , formed of pieces of ceremonial garments , decorated with embroideries and protected by several sheets of cotton fabric . These were cooked and tied with cord to facilitate the transportation of the bundle to the burial site . Facing the bundle , mourners would place between one and seven ceramic pieces . A pole or a cane indicated the precise place of the burial . Individuals of major status received more textile gifts and , in this case , the number of layers increased substantially : up to three successive layers could be added onto the nucleus . These layers , and in particular the last one , usually contained decorative embroidered cloaks . The burials have a collective character , as it is thought that related individuals were generally buried together in the caverns dug in the rock or in the sand . In several cases , it has been determined that remains were transported and re-interred some years after death . Burial areas are located next to established living places . Often , an area that was inhabited earlier by the living was reused for the dead , and the ruins of houses and public buildings were often used for this purpose . Category : Archaeology of death",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5f7061b588c12cbbcff698c8aa051705",
"text": "Poisoned candy myths Poisoned candy myths are urban legends about malevolent strangers hiding poisons or sharp objects such as razor blades , needles , or broken glass in candy and distributing the candy in order to harm random children , especially during Halloween trick-or-treating . These stories serve as modern cautionary tales to children and parents . These stories repeat two themes that are common in urban legends : danger to children and contamination of food . No cases of strangers killing or permanently injuring children this way have been proven . Commonly , the story appears in the media when a young child dies suddenly after Halloween . Medical investigations into the actual cause of death have always shown that these children did not die from eating candy given to them by strangers . However , in rare cases , adult family members have spread this story in an effort to cover up murder or accidental deaths . In other incidents , a child who has been told about poisoned candy places a dangerous object or substance in a pile of candy and pretends that it was the work of a stranger . This behavior is called the copycat effect . Folklorists , scholars , and law enforcement experts say that these stories have been `` thoroughly debunked '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "56514d201078449e11056f04f9303dda",
"text": "Child cannibalism Child cannibalism or fetal cannibalism is the act of eating a child or fetus .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e76677affa2fc8fdf8a26663dd83eefa",
"text": "Spider cannibalism Spider cannibalism is the act of a spider consuming all or part of another individual of the same species as food . In the majority of cases a female spider kills and eats a male spider before , during , or after copulation . Cases in which males eat females are rare .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f21699dc21f1a69a7fbf4012e61f6ef7",
"text": "Aggregation (ethology) In ethology , an aggregation is any form of gathering of organisms and the process of coming together . In some forms groups of unrelated species might form , in which interaction between members of the aggregation might be minimal ; for example herds of grazing zebra and antelopes might combine , both the better to observe the approach of predators , and to improve the odds of escape in the event of attack by predators . Sometimes there might be some interaction , such as mixed flocks of birds that observe each other 's foraging behaviour in searching for food . Sometimes there might be quite orderly common action , such as the queuing up for a resource ; for example different species of fishes may aggregate around a cleaning station where cleaner wrasse and cleaner shrimp are active , more or less taking turns for attention . Such aggregations , where there is no particular association of species or sizes , may be referred to loosely as unstructured aggregations . Commonly they are very temporary and may be loose , with flocks or herds associating casually and separating equally casually within hours . Structured aggregations tend to be longer-term and of a specific life-cycle function and context . Typically , though not necessarily , they will be of a single species . Often they will be of a single age and possibly of a single sex , such as shoals of fish fry that have specific ecological requirements that are not compatible with those of the mature species . One class of such aggregations comprises groups of adult , but immature `` bachelor '' males of elephants , seals , lions and other animals in which the mature herd will not tolerate males that would begin to compete with the dominant males . Another is when aposematic larvae of certain insects such as some Lepidoptera and Hemiptera form a flock that feed together and may migrate in `` processions '' until they are mature after which some kinds disperse . Most species of migrating birds and mammals flock on a large scale , partly for protection and partly for greater reliability of navigation . In some species of Hemiptera the adults remain with their aggregated immature offspring , sometimes in protective roles . The range of functions is very wide in detail , but among the more important classes of function are security against predators , success in food location , wide range of mate choice , with concomitant increase of outbreeding opportunities , location with other members of the same species ( sometimes adherence to separate communities can almost amount to parapatric residence when say , different communities of rats or chimpanzees have violent mutual antipathy ) . There also are various forms of educational function , such as in some species where the young must learn the correct mate recognition skills , and in highly intelligent species such as crows and elephants , must learn the necessary social skills and the necessary traditional foraging techniques in their region . Aggregation activities are not restricted to the animal kingdom ; for one example , a fundamental class of aggregations occurs in the various groups of slime molds , in which separate cells actually aggregate in the process of constructing their reproductive structure . Category : Ethology",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "69dabe24d3acf40ba127e3e038af4a9c",
"text": "Exocannibalism Exocannibalism ( from Greek Exo - , `` from outside '' and Cannibalism , ` to eat humans ' ) , as opposed to endocannibalism , is the consumption of flesh outside one 's close social group -- for example , eating one 's enemy . When done ritually , it has been associated with being a means of imbibing valued qualities of the victim or as an act of final violence against the deceased in the case of sociopathy , as well as a symbolic expression of the domination of an enemy in warfare . Such practices have been documented in such cultures as the Aztecs from Mexico , the Carib and the Tupinambá from South America . Historically , it has also been used as a practical expediency in especially desperate attritional or guerrilla warfare when the extreme hunger and the abundance of humans being killed coincide to create conditions ripe for cannibalism .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
766d5b0f222d959825eb332ccc4b582d | The Adjustment Bureau is a 2011 American science fiction thriller film. | [
{
"docid": "921914b56aeae9ba27fbf444ac29f734",
"text": "The Adjustment Bureau The Adjustment Bureau is a 2011 American science fiction thriller film loosely based on the Philip K. Dick short story , `` Adjustment Team '' . The film was written and directed by George Nolfi , produced by Chris Moore and stars Matt Damon and Emily Blunt . The cast also includes Anthony Mackie , John Slattery , Michael Kelly , and Terence Stamp . The film tells the story of a young man who discovers that what appear to be chance events in his life are controlled by a technologically advanced intelligence network . After an event not planned by these controllers occurs -- a romantic encounter with a young dancer -- he struggles against their manipulation despite their promise of a great future for him . The film was released on April 3 , 2011 . It was premiered at the Ziegfeld Theatre on February 14 , 2011 , and received positive reviews from critics , who praised Damon 's performance and his chemistry with Blunt . It grossed $ 127 million against a production budget of $ 50 million .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "05939cf17ae6379715232b42b296d407",
"text": "The Humanity Bureau The Humanity Bureau is an upcoming American thriller directed by Rob W. King . It stars Nicolas Cage and Sarah Lind .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8647b2eb8a26e412ed44ffe47fcb933d",
"text": "Alien (film) Alien is a 1979 British-American science-fiction horror film directed by Ridley Scott , and starring Sigourney Weaver , Tom Skerritt , Veronica Cartwright , Harry Dean Stanton , John Hurt , Ian Holm and Yaphet Kotto . The film 's title refers to a highly aggressive extraterrestrial creature that stalks and kills the crew of a spaceship . Dan O'Bannon wrote the screenplay from a story he wrote with Ronald Shusett , drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror . The film was produced by Gordon Carroll , David Giler and Walter Hill through their Brandywine Productions and distributed by 20th Century Fox . Giler and Hill made revisions and additions to the script . Shusett was executive producer . The eponymous Alien and its accompanying elements were designed by Swiss artist H. R. Giger , while concept artists Ron Cobb and Chris Foss designed the human aspects of the film . Alien launched the Alien franchise and is chronologically the first of the main series , with the prequel series set in an earlier timeframe . Alien received both critical acclaim and box office success , receiving an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects , Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film , Best Direction for Scott , and Best Supporting Actress for Cartwright , and a Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation , along with numerous other award nominations . It has remained highly praised in subsequent decades , being considered one of the greatest films of all time . In 2002 , the film was deemed `` culturally , historically or aesthetically significant '' by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry . In 2008 , it was ranked as the seventh-best film in the science fiction genre by the American Film Institute , and as the 33rd greatest film of all time by Empire magazine . The success of Alien spawned a media franchise of novels , comic books , video games , and toys . It also launched Weaver 's acting career by providing her with her first lead role , and the story of her character Ellen Ripley 's encounters with the Alien creatures became the thematic thread that ran through the sequels Aliens ( 1986 ) , Alien 3 ( 1992 ) and Alien : Resurrection ( 1997 ) . , a crossover with the Predator franchise produced the Alien vs. Predator series , which includes Alien vs. Predator ( 2004 ) and Aliens vs. Predator : Requiem ( 2007 ) , and also a prequel series of films , which includes Prometheus ( 2012 ) and Alien : Covenant ( 2017 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "865051435edf6e85b04f5f4052010ee5",
"text": "Rollover (film) Rollover is a 1981 American political thriller film directed by Alan J. Pakula and starring Jane Fonda and Kris Kristofferson . The film was nominated for a Razzie Awards for Worst Actor for Kristofferson .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b76b77981267bd067c4fbe7c969fb437",
"text": "America (2011 film) America is a 2011 Puerto Rican drama film directed by Sonia Fritz . The film was selected as the Puerto Rican entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 84th Academy Awards , but was disqualified because of a rule change .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0e45b6620d817da5c71b4cff42a37857",
"text": "Agricultural Adjustment Act The Agricultural Adjustment Act ( AAA ) was a United States federal law of the New Deal era which boosted agricultural production by paying farmers subsidies not to plant on part of their land and to kill off excess livestock . Its purpose was to reduce crop surplus and therefore effectively raise the value of crops . The money for these subsidies was generated through an exclusive tax on companies which processed farm products . The Act created a new agency , the Agricultural Adjustment Administration , an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture , to oversee the distribution of the subsidies . The Agriculture Marketing Act , which established the Federal Farm Board in 1939 , was seen as a strong precursor to this act . The bill , in its entirety , can be read here .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "74637b966e9902e6fa1ae4f04cb8728a",
"text": "Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close (film) Extremely Loud & Incredibly Close is a 2011 American drama film adaptation of the novel of the same name by Jonathan Safran Foer , directed by Stephen Daldry and written by Eric Roth . It stars Thomas Horn , Tom Hanks , Sandra Bullock , Max von Sydow , Viola Davis , John Goodman , Jeffrey Wright , and Zoe Caldwell . Production took place in New York City . The film had a limited release in the United States on December 25 , 2011 by Warner Bros. . Pictures , and a wide release on January 20 , 2012 . Despite mixed reviews , the film was nominated for two Academy Awards , Best Picture and Best Supporting Actor for von Sydow . The film earned $ 55.2 million . The film was released in Blu-ray , DVD , and digital download formats in Region 1 on March 27 , 2012 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "85d9df8bd148ebf5bd18a619ff7d678b",
"text": "Tower Heist Tower Heist is a 2011 American heist comedy film directed by Brett Ratner and written by Ted Griffin and Jeff Nathanson , based on a story by Bill Collage , Adam Cooper and Griffin . The plot follows Josh Kovaks ( Ben Stiller ) , Charlie Gibbs ( Casey Affleck ) and Enrique Dev ` reaux ( Michael Peña ) , employees of an exclusive apartment building who lose their pensions in the Ponzi scheme of Wall Street businessman Arthur Shaw ( Alan Alda ) . The group enlist the aid of criminal Slide ( Eddie Murphy ) , bankrupt businessman Mr. Fitzhugh ( Matthew Broderick ) and another employee of the apartment building , Odessa ( Gabourey Sidibe ) , to break into Shaw 's apartment and steal back their money while avoiding the FBI agent in charge of his case , Claire Denham ( Téa Leoni ) . Tower Heist began development as early as 2005 , based on an idea by Murphy that would star himself and an all-black cast of comedians as a heist group who rob Trump International Hotel and Tower . As the script developed and changed into an Ocean 's Eleven -- style caper , Murphy left the project . Ratner continued to develop the idea into what would eventually become Tower Heist , with Murphy later rejoining the production . Filming took place entirely in New York City on a budget of $ 75 million ( after tax rebates ) , with several buildings provided by Donald Trump used to represent the eponymous tower . The film score was composed by Christophe Beck and released commercially on November 1 , 2011 . The film received mixed reviews with much of the praise going to the cast , including Broderick , Leoni and Stiller . However , Murphy was repeatedly singled out by critics as the star of the film , with critics feeling that he displayed a welcome return to the comedic style of his early career . Much of the criticism received by the film was focused on the plot , which was considered `` formulaic , '' `` rushed , '' `` dull '' and `` laborious . '' The film was released on November 4 , 2011 and earned $ 152 million worldwide . Prior to release , the film was involved in a controversy over plans by Universal Pictures to release it for home viewing on video on demand to 500,000 Comcast customers , only three weeks after its theatrical debut . Concern over the implementation 's harming ticket sales and inspiring further films to follow suit resulted in several theater chains ' refusal to show the film at all if the plan went ahead , forcing Universal to abandon the idea .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8",
"text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7aea547d5519a4753b43e17cb87fe3c5",
"text": "Perfect Sense Perfect Sense , formerly known as The Last Word , is a 2011 science fiction drama film directed by David Mackenzie and written by Kim Fupz Aakeson , starring Eva Green and Ewan McGregor . Scenes were shot in various locations around Glasgow , Mexico City and Kenya . The film premiered at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f268ca1c28e1f393ce21a47a8c9abf81",
"text": "Budget Control Act of 2011 The Budget Control Act of 2011 is a federal statute in the United States that was signed into law by President Barack Obama on August 2 , 2011 . The Act brought conclusion to the United States debt-ceiling crisis of 2011 , which was widely believed would have led the United States into sovereign default on or around August 3 , 2011 . The law involves the introduction of several complex mechanisms , such as creation of the Congressional Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction ( sometimes called the `` super committee '' ) , options for a balanced budget amendment and automatic budget sequestration .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4",
"text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "68749862c18808c92ab71564599cc5ff",
"text": "Iranium Iranium is a 2011 documentary film by director Alex Traiman , Written and Distributed by Clarion Fund . Featuring footage with Iranian leaders and interviews with 25 leading politicians , dissidents , and researchers , the film discusses the Iranian nuclear program , Middle East policy , terrorism , and nuclear proliferation . Beginning with the Islamic revolution , the film documents the creation of the Iranian nuclear program and development of weapons of mass destruction . The film discusses Iranian foreign policy and Iran -- United States relations , including the Iran hostage crisis and the 1979 Iranian Revolution and takeover by Ayatollah Khomeini to what it refers to as `` the brutal nature of the Iranian regime to its own citizens , and the Iranian people 's desire to rejoin the international community . '' The film is produced by the Clarion Fund . It was produced by the same team that produced Obsession : Radical Islam 's War Against the West and The Third Jihad . Iranian actress and Academy Award nominee Shohreh Aghdashloo narrates the film . Pre-release screenings have been held or are scheduled to be held at organizations such as the Hudson Institute , David Horowitz Freedom Center , and Heritage Foundation . The film premiered at select AMC theaters and community centers throughout the United States on February 8 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5625ceaa2ceb591c0dbabd2b22aba75f",
"text": "Boskin Commission The Boskin Commission , formally called the `` Advisory Commission to Study the Consumer Price Index '' , was appointed by the United States Senate in 1995 to study possible bias in the computation of the Consumer Price Index ( CPI ) , which is used to measure inflation in the United States . Its final report , titled `` Toward A More Accurate Measure Of The Cost Of Living '' and issued on December 4 , 1996 , concluded that the CPI overstated inflation by about 1.1 percentage points per year in 1996 and about 1.3 percentage points prior to 1996 . The report was important because inflation , as calculated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics , is used to index the annual payment increases in Social Security and other retirement and compensation programs . This implied that the federal budget had increased by more than it should have , and that projections of future budget deficits were too large . The original report calculated that the overstatement of inflation would add $ 148 billion to the deficit and $ 691 billion to the national debt by 2006 . The report highlighted four sources of possible bias : Substitution bias occurs because a fixed market basket fails to reflect the fact that consumers substitute relatively less for more expensive goods when relative prices change . Outlet substitution bias occurs when shifts to lower price outlets are not properly handled . Quality change bias occurs when improvements in the quality of products , such as greater energy efficiency or less need for repair , are measured inaccurately or not at all . New product bias occurs when new products are not introduced in the market basket , or included only with a long lag . The members of the Boskin Commission were : Michael Boskin , Stanford University ( Chair ) Ellen R. Dulberger Robert J. Gordon Zvi Griliches Dale Jorgenson The Boskin Commission was the first extensive evaluation of inflation measurement since the Stigler Commission in 1961 . Griliches was also on that commission .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "14518a34e0d980737bdd8ac9dbeefc76",
"text": "Outpost 37 Outpost 37 ( also known as Alien Outpost ) is a 2014 science fiction action thriller film . The film follows a documentary crew sent to record the daily lives of the soldiers of Outpost 37 , 12 years after the initial alien invasion .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c481b95b1ef86ebfedd22adae9063438",
"text": "Catch .44 Catch .44 is a 2011 American crime thriller film starring Forest Whitaker , Bruce Willis , Malin Åkerman , Nikki Reed , Deborah Ann Woll , and Brad Dourif . The film is written and directed by Aaron Harvey .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d303cc4ded81bc3802c8beeb0d19b926",
"text": "Paycheck (film) Paycheck is a 2003 American science fiction thriller film based on the short story of the same name by science fiction writer Philip K. Dick . The film was directed by John Woo and stars Ben Affleck , Uma Thurman and Aaron Eckhart . Paul Giamatti , Michael C. Hall , Joe Morton and Colm Feore also appear .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ce3735295738f8c7969f95cb5d277ce4",
"text": "Finding Me: Truth Finding Me : Truth is a 2011 drama film by director Roger S. Omeus Jr. and a sequel to the 2009 Finding Me .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ccd1f6917e7da5a86046ef187c814d4f",
"text": "A Dangerous Method A Dangerous Method is a 2011 German-Canadian-American-British historical film directed by David Cronenberg and starring Keira Knightley , Viggo Mortensen , Michael Fassbender , and Vincent Cassel . The screenplay was adapted by writer Christopher Hampton from his 2002 stage play The Talking Cure , which was based on the 1993 non-fiction book by John Kerr , A Most Dangerous Method : The story of Jung , Freud , and Sabina Spielrein . The film marks the third consecutive collaboration between Cronenberg and Viggo Mortensen ( after A History of Violence and Eastern Promises ) . This is also the third Cronenberg film made with British film producer Jeremy Thomas , after completing together the William Burroughs adaptation Naked Lunch and the J. G. Ballard adaptation Crash . A Dangerous Method was a German/Canadian co-production . The film premiered at the 68th Venice Film Festival and was also featured at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival . Set on the eve of World War I , A Dangerous Method describes the turbulent relationships between Carl Jung , founder of analytical psychology ; Sigmund Freud , founder of the discipline of psychoanalysis ; and Sabina Spielrein , initially a patient of Jung and later a physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts . Among the film 's many honors , Mortensen was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture for his portrayal of Freud .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9b829cf052ef82a7e60f492d8da447d3",
"text": "Afghan Luke Afghan Luke is a 2011 Canadian film directed by Mike Clattenburg . The central character , Luke Benning ( Nick Stahl ) , is a journalist investigating the possible mutilation ( by Canadian snipers ) of corpses in Afghanistan , a country that appears increasingly incomprehensible and surreal as Luke undergoes a series of bizarre adventures .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "84d0e880116343b6755a248d2bad20c5",
"text": "EMANcipation (film) eMANcipation is a 2011 independent drama feature film directed by Philipp Müller-Dorn . The movie had its world premiere on October 25 , 2011 at the Kansas International Film Festival where it has won the Audience Award for Best Narrative Film . Müller-Dorn initially came up with the idea for the film in 2006 after reading an article about a shelter for abused men in Hamburg . Since it turned out to be difficult to find abused men who were willing to talk about their experiences the research phase took a lot longer than Müller-Dorn expected and the screenplay of eMANcipation was finished in early 2010 . Principal shooting took place in Berlin and Guxhagen in Northern Hessia in July and August 2010 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
41488087da4bf055fcea69fc63e17cf8 | System of a Down briefly disbanded. | [
{
"docid": "4e34afec3106de88264b53c7dfee1a89",
"text": "System of a Down System of a Down , sometimes shortened to SOAD or System , is an heavy metal band from Glendale , California , formed in 1994 . The band currently consists of Serj Tankian ( lead vocals , keyboards ) , Daron Malakian ( vocals , guitar ) , Shavo Odadjian ( bass , backing vocals ) and John Dolmayan ( drums ) . The band achieved commercial success with the release of five studio albums , three of which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 . System of a Down has been nominated for four Grammy Awards , and their song `` B.Y.O.B. '' won the Best Hard Rock Performance of 2006 . The group briefly disbanded in August 2006 and reunited in November 2010 , embarking on a tour for the following three years . System of a Down has sold over 40 million records worldwide .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "6c24c3cc57da8bdd7a2c6fc50f5c3c0c",
"text": "Wishful Thinking (Australian band) Wishful Thinking ( or Wishful ) were an Australian three-piece pop-punk band which formed in Tasmania in 1998 and disbanded in 2006 . The line-up included Alistair Elkins on bass guitar , Carl Jackson on lead vocals and Leigh Thompson on drums . In 2002 Carlos Echeverria was replaced by Elkins on bass guitar . Carl 's brother Lachlan Jackson was the bassist in the original lineup ( along with a handful of drummers ) before they moved to Melbourne . They were one of Australia 's `` buzz '' punk/pop acts and were signed to Boomtown Records . Wishful Thinking 's musical style was pop punk and followed in the style of such bands like Blink 182 and New Found Glory . Wishful Thinking shared stages and toured with such bands , including Millencolin , MXPX , Kisschasy , Area-7 , Gyroscope , All Star United , Relient K , The O.C. Supertones , and Antiskeptic . Wishful Thinking also had rotation on the radio stations Triple M and Triple J , with their single ' I Do n't Need You ' which was released in 2003 and their single ` The Day You Went Away ' in 2004 . Tim Cashmere of Undercover News reviewed their debut album , Standing Still ( 2003 ) ; he described them as a `` Christian-punk act '' and felt the album was `` none-too-shabby , albeit none-too-original either ... The god-fearing punk beats of Wishful Thinking makes an interesting point of difference . '' Ben Seifu of vibewire.net noticed that `` the production is quite professional without being too smooth or processed . The drums in particular are captured reasonably well . But beyond that Standing Still is pretty standard pop punk stuff . '' Jasper Lee of Oz Music Project opined that it `` oozes of punk pop goodness that echoes heroes of said genre such as MXPX . The band 's strength lies in their combination of consistent punk power chords with a lyrical depth underpinning their spiritual beliefs . '' Steph Brincat of Oz Music Project reviewed the group 's second album , Kicking Goals , Banging Gongs & High Five All Round , rating it at four out of five due to the `` classic pop-punk sound that we have all come to know and love , without making it sound horrible and generic , and I assure you that I am not being sarcastic or ironic . The music is tight and although it does n't stray from the usual pop-punk recipe of repetitive yet catchy bass , guitar and drum explosion , there is variation in their tunes such as interesting little guitar licks and bass solos . '' The band reformed for a once-off show in August 2013 at the Adelaide Uni Bar with S.T.R.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c3c61f6f0801693ba662c4ba4c2d1a9e",
"text": "EC8OR EC8OR ( pronounced Ecator , a contraction of `` Eradicator '' ) is a German digital hardcore band founded in 1995 by Patric Catani and Gina V. D'Orio and signed by Alec Empire 's Digital Hardcore Recordings record label . The music was in the same vein of Atari Teenage Riot 's style of early Breakcore and hardcore techno with a punk edge , which led to EC8OR been overlooked by fans of digital hardcore recordings , but EC8OR employed more low-res ideas as the first album was entirely composed on Amiga 500 and with a microphone . EC8OR gained considerable attention in North America in 1997 , when the Beastie Boys ' pet-label Grand Royal Records released `` All Of Us Can Be Rich ... '' , a collection of earlier material on Digital Hardcore Recordings . This led to features and press on the band in Rolling Stone and Alternative Press . The duo released 5 albums from 1995 to 1999 and have continued to record after the great DHR implosion of the millennium , and still collaborate often , although Patric and Gina are no longer signed to Digital Hardcore Recordings . Patric would later display his dislike of the state the label is currently in , as he said in an interview `` The fact that all the bands surrounding -LSB- Atari Teenage Riot -RSB- just got used for their sellout idea -- to have a whole `` movement '' and `` followers '' -- led to psychological warfare which some people did n't survive . There was no trust anymore at some point and no communication . It was very strange for -LSB- artists on the -RSB- label to read in the New Music Express or other papers all these weird , made-up stories -LSB- about them -RSB- . The records were produced with different budgets and went through different channels and distributions . For me , it was necessary to leave that crap behind . '' EC8OR is on a permanent hiatus although the duo played a one off gig in Dresden in 2005 , and have recently collaborated under the name A * class , whereas Gina still performs in her other band Cobra Killer and with former Shizuo vocalist Annika Trost .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "86ef9d32f938496d63f1406c595510a4",
"text": "Zero Down __ NOTOC __ Zero Down was a punk rock trio formed by former Strung Out bassist Jim Cherry , former Down by Law drummer Milo Todesco and former War Called Peace guitarist John McCree . Frontman Cherry ( who was also guitarist and songwriter for Epitaph Records band Pulley ) enlisted the support of Fat Wreck Chords owner Fat Mike , who released the band 's first ( and only ) album , With a Lifetime to Pay in 2001 . The music was a throwback to mid-90s melodic skate punk ( no surprise given the pedigree of Zero Down 's members ) , and was well received . The band added a fourth member in August 2001 , ex-Lagwagon guitarist Shawn Dewey . Zero Down came to a premature demise on July 7 , 2002 , with the death of Jim Cherry from a lifelong heart condition . Early reports suggested that Cherry died from an accidental prescription drug overdose ; Fat Wreck Chords released the following statement : However , in December 2002 the label released a further statement concerning Cherry 's death :",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "05f445e6570ccd8fd37279781512f04d",
"text": "Dream City Film Club Dream City Film Club were a North London rock band founded in July 1995 . Their sound was difficult to categorize in that it encompassed tortured lovelorn balladry , avant-garde flourishes , Tin Pan Alley , straightforward rock and gospel yearnings in both lyrics and subject matter . Ultimately , Dream City Film Club failed to find enough of an audience to sustain them . Vocalist Michael J. Sheehy had been working as a solo singer/songwriter for several years when he met Alex Vald and Laurence Ash , who quickly began writing songs with Sheehy . Upon the demise of another local group , Breed , bassist Andrew Park joined . The band 's name came from a news story Sheehy had seen about an arsonist who had burned down a members-only porno theatre . They played their first gig as Dream City Film Club on 31 July 1995 . They released a single , `` Crawl '' for the underground fanzine , the Organ in early 1996 . Soon after , they were contacted by Beggar 's Banquet and recorded their eponymous debut album in late 1996 , later releasing it on 26 May 1997 . According to Sheehy , the English press reaction to the first single , `` Perfect Piece of Trash '' , was almost unanimous in its derision . After parting with Vald , DCFC continued on as a three piece , recording its second and final album , In the Cold Light of Morning featuring a more expansive sound best realized on the epic `` God Will Punish the Pervert Preacher '' . The group disbanded in 1999 . Michael J. Sheehy subsequently recorded three solo albums for Beggar 's Banquet and two for Glitterhouse , and has fronted Saint Silas Intercession with his brother Patrick . During the early 2000s , Alex Vald worked as half of experimental pop band Datapuddle . In 2015 , Sheehy and Vald reunited as the pop-noir duo United Sound of Joy .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "76f03e2dfc074acf58787c63503dab4e",
"text": "Hiatus (band) Hiatus was a Belgian hardcore punk band from Liege , Belgium , formed in 1989 , that broke up in 1996 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "be25b8d641c9ef1ee5a79a00a9206631",
"text": "Mojave 3 Mojave 3 are a British band , consisting of Neil Halstead , Rachel Goswell , Simon Rowe , Alan Forrester , and Ian McCutcheon . Goswell , Halstead and McCutcheon previously played in Thames Valley shoegazing band Slowdive . The band initially existed as a trio , consisting of Halstead , Goswell , and McCutcheon . After Slowdive were dropped by Creation Records , the trio decided to change musical direction to a dream pop/country rock/folk music style , and were signed by 4AD Records . They took on the new name `` Mojave , '' but upon the discovery of another band already using the name , the `` 3 '' was added ( in reference to the group 's three members ) . Rowe ( formerly of Chapterhouse ) and Forrester joined shortly after the release of their first album . Both Halstead ( the main songwriter for the band ) and Goswell have released solo albums , also for 4AD . McCutcheon founded and is currently playing with his band called The Loose Salute who are signed to Heavenly Records and Graveface Records . In 2006 , Mojave 3 did a Take-Away Show session with Vincent Moon . According to Halstead , the band is on hiatus as of 2008 , but they are planning to release at least one more album in the future . Despite still being listed as `` on hiatus '' , the band returned to playing live in 2011 , including gigs supporting Band of Horses . During a radio interview on Israeli radio station Kol HaCampus on 7 May 2011 , Halstead said the band are working on new material , and may be recording during the summer .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "704786c98668b6136401b43c0f84400f",
"text": "Transplants (band) The Transplants are an American punk rock/rap rock supergroup . They formed in 1999 when Tim Armstrong ( of the bands Rancid and Operation Ivy ) played his friend and roadie Rob Aston some beats he had made using Pro Tools and asked Aston if he would consider contributing lyrics . Initially , Armstrong played all the instruments himself but as the project grew , he invited musician friends such as Matt Freeman ( Rancid ) , Lars Frederiksen ( Rancid ) , and Vic Ruggiero ( The Slackers ) to add to the sound . Before long , Armstrong and Aston decided to officially form a band , but to make things complete , they wanted a drummer , so Travis Barker from Blink-182 was asked to join in 2002 . After the release of their first album , The Transplants briefly disbanded in 2003 , due to all members being involved in their own projects , including Rancid and Blink-182 . Then in 2004 , they reunited to record their second album ( Haunted Cities ) before going on hiatus again until 2010 when the band has started to record new material . This new material was released as In a Warzone in 2013 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9d31e561d1484951bd8bb1de7db67be7",
"text": "Red and Black Attack Red And Black Attack was the second release from the Hollywood-based rock band The Icarus Line . The EP was recorded and released very quickly after their debut 7-inch , Highlypuncturingnoisetestingyourabilitytohate on Hellcat Records . The EP was released on New American Dream . This was the band 's first release to appear on CD , as well as New American Dream 's debut release . The vinyl version was pressed by Slowgun Records on clear `` wine '' colored vinyl 7-inches . New American Dream also released the band 's split 7-inch picture disc with Ink & Dagger , and had actually originally signed Ink & Dagger to release their third , and final album on the label . However , after a car crash involving the label 's owner and members of Ink & Dagger , who were on their way to visit The Icarus Line during a rehearsal , the label soon fell apart . The resulting fiasco was the prime reason The Icarus Line did n't record their debut album in 1999 , as originally intended , and ended up signing instead with Crank ! Records . Coincidentally , Ink & Dagger , who had also signed to the label for the release of their third and last album , ended up having Buddyhead release it instead . Other bands on the short-lived label included Discount ( band ) and Kind Of Like Spitting . The label 's folding , resulted in this release being out of print for many years , and a highly sought after collectable . The EP was named as a reference to the band 's visual style , which involved dressing in black with red neckties . This look was abandoned years later , after a number of other bands had started dressing similarly . Some of these bands went on to much greater mainstream success . So , as not to look like the `` copycats '' themselves , this attire was then `` retired '' by The Icarus Line . This release also coincided with yet another of the band 's recurring problems of finding a suitable , and permanent drummer . This is why there is no drummer pictured on the cover of this release , something which confused people for quite some time . At the time of the EP 's release , John Guerra ( F-Minus , Black Fag ) was filling the position . Soon after , the band recruited their fourth drummer , Mike Felix ( Toys That Kill , Ex-Fork ) . As an homage to their former band 's drummer , Tim Childs , The Icarus Line included snippets he had recorded while playing drums at home , very briefly before his death . These were the last known recordings of Tim playing drums . The song `` Separate The Sounds '' , was also quite obviously written about Tim , and his abrupt passing . These home recordings were spliced together during mastering by Blag Dahlia , the singer of The Dwarves .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a6afc2ac8f574a51b123760f56bfa688",
"text": "Sunny Day Real Estate discography The discography of Sunny Day Real Estate , a Seattle Emo/Indie band that formed in 1992 and broke up in 1995 , getting back together in 1997 but ultimately disbanded in 2001 . In 2009 , however , the band reunited once again . With Dan Hoerner as vocalist , the band released a two song demo under the name 'Em pty Set ' and then released a six song demo under the name ` Chewbacca Kaboom ' before changing their name to Sunny Day Real Estate . In 1993 , the band released their first studio 7 '' , Flatland Spider under their own record label , One Day I Stopped Breathing . They were then joined by Jeremy Enigk on vocals and released another 7 '' , Thief , Steal Me A Peach.In May 1994 , Sunny Day Real Estate released their first album , Diary . The following year , they released a self-titled album ( commonly referred to as LP2 by fans ) before breaking up . Two years later , they were given the opportunity to release a compilation of rarities . Because there were n't enough songs , they were asked to write some more . While writing , the band decided to get back together and release a studio album . In 1998 , How It Feels To Be Something On was released . In 1999 they released a live album , and the following year The Rising Tide was released.Allegedly due to their record label 's struggles , Sunny Day Real Estate broke up in 2001 . In 2009 , however , the band reunited and did a reunion tour .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6e343fc0c2ad9f672e2d2c1d92b570b0",
"text": "Chucklehead Chucklehead is an American funk band from Boston , Massachusetts . Formed in 1988 , the band reached the height of their popularity in the mid-1990s through constant touring and their lavish theme-based live shows . Chucklehead disbanded in 1997 following the release of their final album Belly Up . After a 17-year hiatus the band reunited in 2013 and is currently touring and recording .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "90bdec19ce0d9b8a212f8783ff6e9b57",
"text": "Laughing Stock (album) Laughing Stock is the fifth and final studio album by British post-rock band Talk Talk . Following on from their previous release Spirit of Eden ( 1988 ) , and the departure of bassist Paul Webb , which reduced the band to the duo of Mark Hollis and Lee Harris , Talk Talk acrimoniously left EMI and signed to the jazz-based Verve Records , and recorded Laughing Stock at Wessex Sound Studios , London , with producer Tim Friese-Greene and engineer Phill Brown from September 1990 -- April 1991 . Like its predecessor , Spirit of Eden , the album featured improvised instrumentation from a large ensemble of musicians , including as many as seven violists on occasion , and the lyrical themes are often religious . Tape Op magazine ran an extensive article detailing the demanding recording sessions , marked by Mark Hollis ' perfectionist tendencies , and his use of candles and incense to set the mood . Engineer Phill Brown stated that the album , like its predecessor , was `` recorded by chance , accident , and hours of trying every possible overdub idea . '' However , compared to prior Talk Talk albums , Brown noted that `` Laughing Stock is a different beast . I am very proud of the album , it 's probably one of my best projects ... . but I find it dark and claustrophobic . '' Pitchfork named it the eleventh best album of the 1990s , saying it `` makes its own environment and becomes more than the sum of its sounds . '' The band split up following its release , effectively making Laughing Stock their last official release .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e1dc039c6d63155516badc65bc9c3df4",
"text": "Corrosion of Conformity Corrosion of Conformity ( also known as C.O.C. ) is an American heavy metal band from Raleigh , North Carolina formed in 1982 . For almost the majority of its existence , the band has consisted of guitarist Woody Weatherman , bassist Mike Dean ( who left in 1987 but rejoined six years later ) , drummer Reed Mullin ( who left in 2001 but rejoined nine years later ) and vocalist and rhythm guitarist Pepper Keenan ( who joined the band in 1989 ) . After a hiatus in 2006 , Corrosion of Conformity returned in 2010 without Keenan , who had been busy touring and recording with Down , but announced their reunion with him in December 2014 . Corrosion of Conformity started as a hardcore punk band but later moved towards a slower and blues-tinged heavy metal sound . To date , the band has released nine studio albums , four EPs , one compilation , and one live album . Their first three studio albums -- Eye for an Eye ( 1984 ) , Animosity ( 1985 ) and Blind ( 1991 ) -- attracted the attention of Columbia Records , who signed the band in 1993 . Corrosion of Conformity found success with the release of their 1994 fourth studio album , Deliverance , which peaked at number 155 on the Billboard 200 and spawned the hits `` Albatross '' and `` Clean My Wounds '' . Their 1996 follow-up Wiseblood was also successful , and became Corrosion of Conformity 's highest-charting album in the United States , peaking at number 104 on the Billboard 200 . Their latest album , IX , was released on July 1 , 2014 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "731863569f052d95ba3d9e22e91e80ee",
"text": "Sick of It All discography Sick of It All is a New York hardcore band formed in 1986 and currently consists of brothers Lou Koller ( vocals ) and Pete Koller ( guitar ) , Armand Majidi ( drums ) and Rich Cipriano ( bass guitar ) . In the years since its inception , the band has released twelve studio albums , two live recordings , two compilation albums , two EPs , six singles and one documentary film . After recording a demo in 1987 and playing Sunday afternoon matinees at the famous CBGB 's , Sick of It All signed a record contract with Revelation Records , who released a self-titled 7 '' EP . In 1988 , the band terminated their contract with Revelation and signed with the now-defunct Relativity Records , who released their first two studio albums as well as a live EP . In 1993 , they decided to end their five-year relationship with Relativity and signed with East West Records . In 1998 , Sick of It All terminated their U.S. record contract for the fourth time and signed with Fat Wreck Chords . Around 2005 , they ended their seven-year relationship with Fat Wreck and signed to Abacus Recordings , who released one album for the band before the label went bankrupt . As of 2009 , Sick of It All is under contract to Century Media .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9b9a89f525a9b489b5ea6260e91bcb81",
"text": "Fallen To Fallen To were an alternative metal band in Cornwall , UK ; formed in 2001 by James Norris who originally played drums for the band Most known for the singles ` No Allies ' and ` Bovine ` Calm ' which were released in 2002 . Fallen To 's debut single `` No Allies '' was incredibly popular upon release , gaining the number one spot of MTV2 UK 's Top 15 daily chart for over a week . These singles were followed by the album , The Mark , . In 2003 , Fallen To followed their debut album with a two-disc EP called Which Side of the Line ? , which contained new material , remixes and acoustic versions of tracks from their debut album . The first disc , showcased Fallen To 's heavier side , and the second disc exhibited Fallen To 's more atmospheric and ambient sound . The EP was a successful follow up to The Mark , garnering good reviews from most reviewers . Videos for `` Smoke & Mirrors '' and `` Lost No. 7 '' were released and were both available as extras on each disc . The group split sometime around January 2004 . In 2005 , James Norris and Drew Hallam formed Seven Days Awake which split up in 2006 . Since this point Christian Norris and James Norris formed The Sonic Art , whilst Jez Marshall joined Chinn Lawlor in Everything Burns . The former project has recorded with Grammy Award winning producer David Bottrill , whilst the latter is currently touring the UK . After several appeals on social media Fallen To redistributed their previous recordings digitally in 2011 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "74475b3e9cfe19db8866b34e6c566194",
"text": "Pop punk Pop punk ( also known as punk-pop ) is a music genre that fuses elements of punk rock and pop music . It typically combines fast tempos , loud and distorted electric guitars , and power chord changes with pop-influenced melodies , vocal styles , and lyrical themes . Pop-influenced punk rock emerged in the mid-1970s with a music style that was stylistically similar to power pop . By the mid-1980s , several bands merged hardcore punk with pop music to create a new , faster pop punk sound such as Dag Nasty , the Nip Drivers , T.S.O.L. , Social Distortion , and the Descendents . Pop punk in the United States began to grow in popularity locally in California in the mid-to-late 1980s . Pop punk particularly thrived in California , where independent record labels adopted a do it yourself ( DIY ) approach to releasing music . By the mid-1990s , a few pop punk bands had started to sell millions of records and receive extensive radio and television airplay , such as Green Day . By 1994 , pop punk was quickly growing in mainstream popularity . The late 1990s , exemplified by the 1999 release of Blink-182 's Enema of the State , represented the genre 's mainstream peak , although some pop punk bands scored successful album chartings in the 2000s . In the mid-2000s , emo pop , a fusion genre combining emo and pop punk , became popular . By the end of the 2000s , the pop punk sound of the 1990s had largely waned in mainstream popularity .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d8120644b8e9940e11142032a48f0d7c",
"text": "Jetboy (band) Jetboy is an American San Francisco-based hard rock band founded in 1983 by guitarists Billy Rowe and Fernie Rod . Best described as a blend of edgy rock and roll with a traditional blues based influence . Jetboy got the attention of music fans and record executives alike in Hollywood during the mid 1980s . The band transplanted themselves to Los Angeles in 1986 after signing a deal with Elektra Records . Their musical influences ranged from punk rock to rock 'n' roll to blues . Their 1988 debut album Feel the Shake peaked at 135 on The Billboard 200 . After parting ways with original bass player Todd Crew in mid-1987 , the band was joined by former Hanoi Rocks member Sami Yaffa . Yaffa , a member of one of the groups Jetboy had found most influential , was now a member of the band as their new bassist . In August 1987 Todd Crew died due to a drug overdose in the hotel room of Guns N ' Roses guitarist Slash . Jetboy continued on into the 1990s before disbanding in 1992 . However , over a decade later , Jetboy reconvened , toured and recorded a new EP , Off Your Rocker in 2010 . Having been absent from the studio for some 20 years , Jetboy recorded Off Your Rocker in a fully organic mode . The band played all in the same room together in a `` live-style '' format in an effort to duplicate the way the songs were written , all together , in a true 1970 's fashion where the band could feed off of one another 's energy . Jetboy has continued to gain in popularity , and has continuously played to large crowds at festivals across the United States including Rocklahoma , The South Texas Rock Fest , Rock the Bayou & The M3 Festival two times . On June 1 , 2012 Jetboy did a 25-year reunion for their debut album ` Feel The Shake ' at the Whisky A Go Go in Hollywood . The show was also a release party for the movie Rock Of Ages which featured a few images of Jetboy . The line-up for this show included all original members with a surprise appearance by their second bass player Sami Yaffa who is currently playing in the Michael Monroe Band . This was the first time they all shared the stage together in over 20 years . Jetboy plan to continue with the original line-up with Charles Norman on bass who replaced Yaffa for the Damnednation tour in 1989 . January 25 , 2014 during NAMM weekend Jetboy supported Faster Pussycat at the Whisky A Go-Go to a sold out crowd to celebrate the club 's 50-year anniversary . Jetboy geared up in late 2015 to bring their style of rock n roll to the stage again . The band performed at Riki Rachtman 's Cathouse Live on August 15 , 2015 at the Irvine Meadows Amphitheater in Irvine , California . Three songs from Feel the Shake were featured in the 1989 movie The ` Burbs , starring Tom Hanks . They were `` Bloodstone '' , `` Locked in a Cage '' and `` Make Some Noise '' . Additionally , two songs from Feel the Shake , `` Feel the Shake '' and `` Make Some Noise '' were also featured in the 1989 movie She 's Out of Control .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9d5044a76dafa144a2f22b8351deba60",
"text": "AC4 AC4 is a hardcore band from Umeå , Sweden . Refused members Dennis Lyxzén and David Sandström had been talking about starting a new band for a long time . In the spring of 2008 Karl Backman had written songs for the new band and they started to rehearse . Jens Nordén had played with Lyxzén in pre-Refused straight edge hardcore band Step Forward ( 1987-1991 ) and since 1990 with Backman in punk band The Vectors . The `` AC '' in the name is the regional code for the Västerbotten province where Umeå is located . The first show was at a squatting on Parkgatan in Umeå on the Mayu 5th , 2008 . In May 2008 someone posted a live song on YouTube . It got on Kerrang 's playlist and had over 14,000 hits the first week . They performed at Storsjöyran and Umeå Punkfest in 2008 . In 2009 they performed at Way Out West Festival and released the self-titled debut album on Lyxzén 's label Ny Våg . In 2010 their European tour took them around their native Sweden , as well as Norway , Denmark , Germany , Belgium , Austria , France , Italy , England and Wales . They also released the Umeå Hardcore 7 '' EP in Europe , a special 7 '' for Australia only and the debut album came out in America . AC4 initially refused to do interviews with mainstream media and would only answer questions from fanzine writers who were under the age of 18 . To promote their Australian tour in April , 2011 , Dennis conducted a number of interviews with the local press , including Melbourne radio show Bullying The Jukebox . While on tour in Australia a short documentary film about the band entitled `` A few minutes with AC4 '' was filmed , along with a promotional video for the song `` Wo n't Bow Down '' from their debut album . In May 2012 the band announced that Sandström had been replaced by Christoffer Röstlund Jonsson ( DS-13 ) and that the recording of a second album had begun . The album `` Burn The World '' was released in March 2013 on Ny Våg records and Deathwish Inc. . . The band is also performing at some upcoming festivals including Groezrock on a spring 2013 tour . A week before the tour the band announced that Nordén had suddenly left AC4 , but is being replaced by their producer Fredrik Lyxzén .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0bd168272f271e2c5806041024655bb9",
"text": "Stockholm Syndrome (band) Stockholm Syndrome is an American rock music band formed in Athens , Georgia , as a collaboration between Dave Schools of Widespread Panic and Jerry Joseph of Jerry Joseph and the Jackmormons . The two enlisted Los Angeles drummer Wally Ingram ( Jackson Browne and Sheryl Crow ) , San Francisco guitarist Eric McFadden ( who had previously worked with Keb ' Mo ' , Primus , Les Claypool , and the P Funk All Stars ) , and German keyboardist Danny Dziuk . Dziuk however , has since been replaced on tour by Gov ' t Mule keyboardist Danny Louis . Originally intended as a one-time studio side-project for the musicians , the band released an album in 2004 , Holy Happy Hour , and then went on a nationwide tour in support of the album . The band has toured intermittently since then and on February 16 , 2010 they released a live EP , `` Stockholm Syndrome Live at Streetlight Records , '' which was recorded during an in-store performance at Streetlight Records in Santa Cruz in September 2009 . The band has said that they have gotten another full-length album ready for release . As the band allows audience members to tape their shows , many of their concert recordings can be found at the Internet Archive . The band 's second album , Apollo , was released on February 15 , 2011 . Schools and Joseph wrote the songs after sitting on a porch looking at redwood trees in California . The band recorded in '' a converted chicken coop '' to achieve `` a low-fi garage -LSB- sound -RSB- '' . From the recording sessions , they produced a two-track vinyl record to sell at concerts .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aa4adfee815d36591ff3c36368f29bb8",
"text": "Broken Records (record label) Broken Records was a Christian rock record label founded in 1985 . The label closed in the early 1990s . Broken Records became an important label in the development of both the West Coast Christian alternative music and Christian hip-hop scenes . It focused primarily on modern rock , punk and new wave music , paving the way for labels like Frontline Records . Artists signed to Broken Records included Level Heads , The Altar Boys , The Choir , Crumbächer , The 77s , 4-4-1 , Riki Michele , Adam Again and Undercover . After having difficulties with its distributor , the label was for a time run successfully as Brainstorm Artists International . Several Broken Records bands reunited in Irvine , California on August 19 , 2005 for a reunion concert . The event , which was filmed for a possible DVD release by Take 2 Productions , included performances by the Altar Boys , 4-4-1 , The Choir , Crumbächer and Undercover . On October 4 , 2016 all the bands joined Take 2 Productions in the launch of a Kickstarter to release the DVD .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "458a37884721a5d8e20e63e11435d518",
"text": "Talk Talk Talk Talk were an English rock band , active from 1981 until their breakup in 1992 . Their early hit singles include `` Today '' , `` Talk Talk '' ( both 1982 ) , `` It 's My Life '' and `` Such a Shame '' ( both 1984 ) . Although the band only experienced moderate success in their native country , they established some international success . Talk Talk moved away from synth-pop towards more experimental music in the mid-1980s , helping to pioneer what became known as post-rock . They achieved moderate success in Europe and the UK with the subsequent singles `` Life 's What You Make It '' ( 1985 ) and `` Living in Another World '' ( 1986 ) , and in 1988 they released their fourth album Spirit of Eden , which was commercially less successful . Friction with the band 's label , EMI , resulted in legal action and countersuing . The band switched to Polydor for their final album , 1991 's Laughing Stock , but broke up soon afterwards . Singer Mark Hollis released one solo album in 1998 before retiring from the music industry . Founding bass player and drummer Paul Webb and Lee Harris played in several bands together ; de facto fourth member Tim Friese-Greene continued in the business as a musician and producer .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
4a29cf0ede6330cefce0a495c547ea88 | Alessia Cara has an EP. | [
{
"docid": "8650c719327ceafc7e64e9949c332a11",
"text": "Know-It-All Know-It-All is the debut studio album by Canadian singer Alessia Cara . It was released on November 13 , 2015 through Def Jam . It follows the release of her extended play ( EP ) Four Pink Walls , which was regarded as a preview of the album .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "251376a48c27b1e7b7e5cbb292485393",
"text": "Alessia Cara Alessia Caracciolo ( -LSB- aˈlɛssja kaˈrattʃolo -RSB- ; born July 11 , 1996 ) , professionally known as Alessia Cara , is a Canadian singer and songwriter . She is signed to EP Entertainment and Def Jam Recordings and released her debut single , `` Here '' , from the debut studio album , Know-It-All , released November 13 , 2015 . A sleeper hit , the song reached the top five in the United States and the top 20 in Canada . Prior to her work for Def Jam , she produced acoustic covers on YouTube . In 2016 , her single `` Scars to Your Beautiful '' reached the top ten on the Billboard Hot 100 and topped the US pop radio charts . In 2017 , Cara collaborated with producer Zedd to create the single `` Stay '' , which has since reached number 7 on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it her third top ten song .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "77b22fdb1d6111e679ea19a363b72282",
"text": "Alessandra Rosaldo Alessandra Rosaldo ( born Alejandra Sanchez Barraro ; September 11 , 1971 ) is an actress , singer and dancer from Mexico . In 2006 , she was the winner of the first prize in Televisa Network 's , later broadcast in Univision Bailando por un Sueño . As an actress , she has played main and supporting roles in Mexican TV 's soap operas . She has sold over 4 million records in the Spanish-speaking world as the lead singer of her own pop music band Sentidos Opuestos as well in her solo singer career , for which she received the Lo Nuestro Award for Rock New Artist of the Year at the 16th Lo Nuestro Awards .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "eba433c5297c4013d69973abf49aa02d",
"text": "Las 4 Estaciones del Amor Las 4 Estaciones del Amor ( English : `` The 4 Seasons of Love '' ) is the first extended play ( EP ) by Mexican recording artist Natalia Lafourcade , released on 2007 in Mexico , and United States on January 22 , 2008 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3f492ca8e41bea251b9f392d6720f899",
"text": "Carajo Carajo is a rock band from Buenos Aires , Argentina . It was formed in 2000 with Marcelo `` Corvata '' Corvalan on bass and vocals , Andres `` Andy '' Vilanova on drums and Hernan `` Tery '' Langer on guitar and backing vocals . The first two share the history of having been part of the band A.N.I.M.A.L. .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7c89c36467f9a03ee4182c99e2d2edcd",
"text": "Yassi (album) Yassi is the self-titled debut studio album and EP by Filipina-British singer-dancer-actress Yassi Pressman . It was released digitally on iTunes and physically in 2015 by Viva Records . It contains six original songs , both in Tagalog and English .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "694bc8413c75b7aa9e9af71ea51eb77b",
"text": "Tanssitauti Tanssitauti is an EP by CMX released in 1990 . The band had released their debut album Kolmikärki earlier the same year with a different lineup . Tanssitauti is the first CMX recording to feature guitarist Janne Halmkrona , who appears on all of the band 's albums from this point on . `` Tanssitauti '' , literally `` Dance Disease '' , is Finnish and is used to refer to Huntington 's disease .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cc6c14a006ae97c119c80acf976c7de2",
"text": "Ante Gia `` Ante Gia '' ( Greek : Άντε Γειά ; English : Goodbye ) is an EP maxi single by Greek singer Despina Vandi released on December 19 , 2002 by Heaven Music . The entire EP was written and produced by Phoebus in promotion of the reissue of Vandi 's 5 × Platinum album Gia , which was reissued as Gia + Ante Gia and as a box set as Gia + Ante Gia : Collector 's Edition . The EP contains all new material , with the title track being a response to the single `` Gia '' ( Hello ) , inspired by that song but in a negative lyrical context . The remix of the songs `` Spania '' and `` Giatriko '' is licensed by Vandi 's former label Minos EMI .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "85ca2ff1c25ad217e61c056fcbbb65a4",
"text": "¿Quién Eres Tú? ¿ Quién eres tú ? ( ` Infringement ) ( also known in developing as La Otra Cara ) is a 2012 Spanish-language telenovela produced by RTI Producciones and Televisa for Mexico-based television network Gala TV and United States-based television network UniMás ( formally Telefutura ) . It is a remake of La Usurpadora . Julian Gil stars as the protagonist , while Laura Carmine stars as the dual protagonist/antagonist , portraying twin sisters Natalia and Veronica .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "96b8f36dee34e1da485e0158ed727823",
"text": "Caraluna (song) `` Caraluna '' is a song written by Jorge Villamizar and performed by Bacilos . The song is the first single of the album Caraluna and was nominated in 2003 for a Latin Grammy Award for Song of the Year .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9a4c5695c7429e9f2b1e42ed22d53383",
"text": "Sugar Symphony Sugar Symphony is the debut extended play ( EP ) by American recording duo Chloe x Halle . It was released under Parkwood Entertainment , under exclusive license to Columbia Records , on April 29 , 2016 . The EP was their first official release since being signed by Beyoncé . The EP features their debut single , `` Drop '' . The music video for the single was directed by Andrew Hines , and currently has over two million views on YouTube . In March 2016 , Michelle Obama introduced Chloe and Halle at the White House Easter Egg Roll , where they performed `` Fall '' from the EP , alongside Michelle Obama 's `` This Is For My Girls '' and an unreleased track , `` Baby Bird '' . In June , they performed `` Drop '' at the YouTube Music Foundry in New York City , and later in the month at the BET Awards 2016 in Los Angeles . In July , they performed songs from the EP as a support act for the European leg of Beyoncé 's The Formation World Tour .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "949eb9bcb10720fcd770aacc0c1ca2e7",
"text": "L'Aura L'Aura ( born Laura Abela ; Brescia , August 13 , 1984 ) is an Italian singer , songwriter , composer , pianist and violinist .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "28d0175f6f5933b69baa3e1e83726144",
"text": "Melodica (EP) Melodica is the debut EP by hip hop duo Blackalicious , released in January 18 , 1994 on the Solesides label . The import edition released on both Mo ' Wax and Marlboro Music contains instrumental versions of all of the tracks except `` Cheezit Terrorist '' and `` 40oz for Breakfast '' . Melodica was re-issued through iTunes on August 15 , 2012 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6236ff500ba87445771f06952bf2ce0f",
"text": "Tu Mi Piaci Tu Mi Piaci ( Italian for `` I like you '' ) is an EP of cover songs by Xiu Xiu .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "70917eeefaf6a92dffc5645847187605",
"text": "Sara Bareilles discography American singer-songwriter Sara Bareilles has released five studio albums , two demo albums , three live albums , five extended plays , eleven singles and nine music videos . After graduating from University of California , Los Angeles , Bareilles independently released her debut album Careful Confessions in January 2004 . In 2005 , music executive Charlie Walk signed her to a record deal with Epic Records . A year after , she began to work with Eric Rosse on her second studio album , Little Voice , which featured re-recorded songs that were originally on Careful Confessions . Little Voice was released on July 2007 and entered the Billboard 200 chart in the United States at number 45 , which marked as her chart debut . The album became a commercial success , it peaked on the chart at number 7 and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) for shipments of one million copies in the United States , subsequently becoming her most successful studio album to date . Its lead single , `` Love Song '' , became a worldwide hit , charting at the top-ten in many regions . Epic released two additional singles , `` Bottle It Up '' and `` Gravity '' , from Little Voice . After experiencing a writer 's block , she began to work for her third studio album with Neal Avron in 2009 . The album , Kaleidoscope Heart , was released on September 2010 and debuted at the top of the Billboard 200 chart . Its lead single , `` King of Anything '' , became a top-forty hit on the Billboard Hot 100 , and was succeeded by `` Uncharted '' and `` Gon na Get Over You '' as the album 's subsequent single releases . In 2013 , Bareilles began to work for her fourth studio album , The Blessed Unrest , after moving to New York City . The album was released on July 2013 and entered the Billboard 200 chart at number 2 . Two singles , `` Brave '' and `` I Choose You '' , were released from The Blessed Unrest , with `` Brave '' surpassing `` Love Song '' as her longest-staying song on the Billboard Hot 100 . According to Epic Records , Bareilles has sold over 1.75 million albums and 9 million singles in the United States .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5dd3918a279010af667abc21d4027b5e",
"text": "Luca Brasi 2 Luca Brasi 2 is the third commercial mixtape by American rapper Kevin Gates . It was released on December 14 , 2014 , through his own independent record label Bread Winners ' Association and Atlantic Records .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9fee01e99223ec9b9bdd931ab90f8bc6",
"text": "Nummela (album) Nummela is the debut album by the Finnish singer Anssi Kela . Released in March 2001 , Nummela is the best-charting album in Finland with 16 weeks atop and currently ranks 13th on the list of best-selling albums of all-time in Finland .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "28384d3393ca5b06825e04b073d3dcf8",
"text": "Saade (EP) Saade is the debut extended play from Swedish singer Eric Saade . It was released worldwide on 24 June 2016 . The EP is considered a change in direction for Saade . In an interview with Expressen newspaper in May 2016 , he said he `` grew tired of his old sound '' and decided not to continue with the album of pop songs . Saade promoted the EP by performing `` Colors '' and `` Wide Awake '' on Nyhetsmorgon .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4db63c40670c5ed1528938479752ec6e",
"text": "Alexandra Stan Alexandra Ioana Stan ( born 10 June 1989 ) is a Romanian singer-songwriter . Born in the city of Constanța , she made her worldwide breakthrough with the 2011 single `` Mr. Saxobeat '' , which was written and produced by Marcel Prodan and Andrei Nemirschi . Prodan and Nemirschi discovered Stan at a karaoke bar in 2009 and offered her a contract with their label , Maan Records . `` Mr. Saxobeat '' was preceded by the singer 's debut recording , `` Lollipop ( Param Pam Pam ) '' ( 2009 ) , which rose Stan to fame in her native country . `` Mr. Saxobeat '' quickly achieved commercial success in Romania and then abroad , reaching the number one spot in a total of ten countries . Saxobeats , her debut studio album , was made available for purchase in August 2011 . The release of Stan 's second record was delayed due to an alleged physical altercation with Prodan in 2013 . Unlocked was finally released in August 2014 . Two of its singles , `` Dance '' ( 2014 ) and `` Cherry Pop '' ( 2014 ) , were successful in Japan . The singer 's third studio album , Alesta , saw its release in March 2016 . It spawned a collaboration with Inna and Daddy Yankee on `` We Wan na '' ( 2015 ) , which reached the top 60 in multiple territories . Stan has received a number of awards and nominations , such as the European Border Breakers Awards , Japan Gold Disc Awards , MTV Europe Music Awards and Romanian Music Awards . Her estimated net worth as of 2016 is $ 6 million . She has been recognized as one of the most successful Romanian artists alongside Inna .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "31e3d136f6c1a09d9b9afec0f391ee43",
"text": "Alesha Dixon discography Alesha Dixon , a British R&B singer has released three studio albums , nine lead singles ( not including two singles on which she is featured and three promotional singles ) and thirteen music videos . Dixon was also a member of the popular music group Mis-Teeq , together with whom she released four albums and several successful singles . Dixon 's discography as a solo artist began with the release of `` Lipstick '' under the mononym `` Alesha '' on 14 August 2006 in the United Kingdom , intended as the lead single from her album Fired Up . The song reached number fourteen on the UK Singles Chart , and was followed by `` Knockdown , '' the poor performance of which caused the album 's release to be cancelled and Alesha to be dropped by record label Polydor . However , Fired Up was released both physically and digitally in Japan , where it reached number 54 on the Japanese Oricon Albums Chart . Following Dixon 's success on BBC reality television programme Strictly Come Dancing , she was signed to Asylum Records to release her second album The Alesha Show . The album yielded four singles , two of which reached the top ten of the UK Singles Chart . One , titled `` The Boy Does Nothing '' is Dixon 's best-selling single release to date , as it achieved worldwide chart success . The Alesha Show went on to be certified Platinum by the British Phonographic Industry , denoting shipments of 300,000 copies and allowing her to begin recording for her third studio album The Entertainer , which was preceded by the single `` Drummer Boy '' . Despite yielding four singles , the album peaked at just number 84 on the UK Albums Chart and was not certified , leading to Dixon parting with her record label .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1515fe5b706fd30e634b43af9025172e",
"text": "Cirse (band) Cirse is an Argentine pop punk band from Adrogué , Buenos Aires . The group currently consists of vocalist Luciana Segovia , guitarists Gabriel Leopardi and Christian Bonelli , bassist Sebastián Leopardi and drummer Martin Magliano . Since today the band released three full-length-albums , two EPs and eight music videos . Cirse toured extensively through Argentina , played at Pepsi Music Festival in 2011 and 2012 and played with bands like Duran Duran , Paramore , Avril Lavigne , Evanescence , Carajo and DENY .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e3dc29e62dbea14c04129f3108ef6d40",
"text": "Yassassin (EP) Yassassin is an EP of the band Litfiba produced by Contempo records . The vinyl works like other prayers , has never been reissued on CD , is there any way to say that all tracks have been reproposed : Electrica danza was published in the collection CD King of silence , while the other two tracks were reiterated in the individual Forbidden always 33 rpm . The two versions of `` Yassassin '' ( track one and three ) are different from each other , the track is a long-play version of 7 minutes while the third is 4 1/2 minutes .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
7f3cf4efa522e37345eb31fca7ef9f59 | There is a guest house in the Taj Mahal. | [
{
"docid": "dc26c8ca1bca2b09c9c8926f2099baed",
"text": "Taj Mahal The Taj Mahal ( -LSB- ˌtɑːdʒ_məˈhɑːl -RSB- , more often -LSB- ˈtɑːʒ -RSB- meaning Crown of the Palace ) is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra . It was commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor , Shah Jahan ( reigned 1628 -- 1658 ) , to house the tomb of his favourite wife , Mumtaz Mahal . The tomb is the centrepiece of a 42 acre complex , which includes a mosque and a guest house , and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall . Construction of the mausoleum was essentially completed in 1643 but work continued on other phases of the project for another 10 years . The Taj Mahal complex is believed to have been completed in its entirety in 1653 at a cost estimated at the time to be around 32 million rupees , which in 2015 would be approximately 52.8 billion rupees ( US$ 827 million ) . The construction project employed some 20,000 artisans under the guidance of a board of architects led by the court architect to the emperor , Ustad Ahmad Lahauri . The Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 for being `` the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world 's heritage '' . Described by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore as `` the tear-drop on the cheek of time '' , it is regarded by many as the best example of Mughal architecture and a symbol of India 's rich history . The Taj Mahal attracts 7 -- 8 million visitors a year . In 2007 , it was declared a winner of the New7Wonders of the World ( 2000 -- 2007 ) initiative .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "3673dd41f82dbd7db8e96e7f17624b80",
"text": "Chowmahalla Palace Chowmahalla Palace or Chowmahallatuu ( 4 Palaces ) , is a palace of the Nizams of Hyderabad state . It was the seat of the Asaf Jahi dynasty and was the official residence of the Nizams of Hyderabad while they ruled their state . The palace remains the property of Barkat Ali Khan Mukarram Jah , heir of the Nizams . In Urdu , Hindi Char means four , and even in Persian , Chahar means four and in Urdu and Hindi Mahal means palaces , hence the name Chowmahalla/four palaces . The palace is located in the old city in Hyderabad near the Charminar All ceremonial functions including the accession of the Nizams and receptions for the Governor-General were held at this palace . The prestigious UNESCO Asia Pacific Merit award for cultural heritage conservation was presented to Chowmahalla Palace on 15 March 2010 . UNESCO representative Takahiko Makino formally handed over the plaque and certificate to Princess Esra , former wife and GPA holder of Prince Mukarram Jah Bahadur .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5461a40b437925ecc9ce17c060acb9b0",
"text": "Palau Güell The Palau Güell ( -LSB- pəˈɫaw ˈɣweʎ -RSB- , Güell Palace ) is a mansion designed by the architect Antoni Gaudí for the industrial tycoon Eusebi Güell and built between 1886 and 1888 . It is situated on the Carrer Nou de la Rambla , in the El Raval neighbourhood of the city of Barcelona in Catalonia , Spain . It is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site `` Works of Antoni Gaudí '' . The home is centered around the main room for entertaining high society guests . Guests entered the home in horse-drawn carriages through the front iron gates , which featured a parabolic arch and intricate patterns of forged ironwork resembling seaweed and in some parts a horsewhip . Animals could be taken down a ramp and kept in the livery stable in the basement where the servants resided , while the guests went up the stairs to the receiving room . The ornate walls and ceilings of the receiving room disguised small viewing windows high on the walls where the owners of the home could view their guests from the upper floor and get a `` sneak peek '' before greeting them , in case they needed to adjust their attire accordingly . The main party room has a high ceiling with small holes near the top where lanterns were hung at night from the outside to give the appearance of a starlit sky . In 2004 , visits by the public were completely suspended due to renovations ; some of the stone used in the original construction was weak and has cracked over the years causing structural problems within the building . It is currently completely open , with all restoration work completed in April 2011 . It was used in Antonioni 's film The Passenger as a backdrop for the first meeting between Jack Nicholson and Maria Schneider .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8cb15af789da1a479be579be27a36c66",
"text": "Teen Murti Bhavan The Teen Murti Bhavan ( Teen Murti House ) is the former residence of the first Prime Minister of India , Jawaharlal Nehru in Delhi , India , who stayed here for 16 years until his death on May 27 , 1964 . It was designed by Robert Tor Russell , the British architect of Connaught Place and of the Eastern and Western Courts on Janpath during the British Raj . Teen Murti Bhavan was built in 1930 as part of the new imperial capital of India , New Delhi as the residence of the Commander-in-Chief of the British Indian Army . Today , Teen Murti houses various institutions including the Nehru Memorial Museum and Library ( NMML ) , which runs under the Indian Ministry of Culture , and has Dr. Karan Singh as the chairman of its Executive Council . The complex also houses the offices of the ` Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund ' , established in 1964 under the Chairmanship of Dr S. Radhakrishnan , then President of India . Teen Murti Bhavan also contains a number of mementos from various nations including England , Nepal , Somalia , China , etc. . Each memento represents a notable resource of each nation . The foundation also awards the ` Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fellowship ' , established in 1968 . Also contained within the complex are the ` Centre for Contemporary Studies ' and the Nehru Planetarium which opened in 1984 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0e1fc469fb0b4c880abb00eda9e897a7",
"text": "Raj Bhavan (Bhopal) Raj Bhavan ( राज भवन , tr . Government House ) is the official residence of the Governor of Madhya Pradesh . It is located in the capital city of Bhopal , Madhya Pradesh .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a81ef9a2508335954e1d104ea5f96d92",
"text": "Hawa Mahal (radio program) Hawa Mahal ( Hindi : हवा महल , translation : `` Palace of Winds '' or `` Palace of Breezes '' ) is a popular nightly radio show in India broadcast on the Vividh Bharati service . It has a skit-format , where stories from various writers were dramatized into plays . Along with some other shows like Modi ke matwale rahi , Hawa Mahal was one of the few programs that was suitable for spot advertising on Indian radio , which often led to commercial spots on the program being in high-demand and sold-out six-months in advance .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2fd98635ec855608cc4f398ee71f9553",
"text": "Muslim Town, Lahore Muslim Town is a town in Lahore , Pakistan located on the bank of -LSB- Lahore Canal -RSB- and near Gulberg and Shah Jamal Localities . It was founded in 1915 - 30s , by Dr Syed Muhammad Hussain of Kotli Shah Saleem Kala Chechi ( presently Tehsil Shakargarh and previously Gurdaspur , where this family was popularly known as Mehlan wale Syed because of their house which was popularly known as the Mahal in the vicinity ) . Dr Syed Muhammad Hussain was the son of Syed Alim Shah , who left his village to get an education and rose to become minister of settlement in the State of Jammu and Kashmir in united India . Syed Alim Shah had three sons Syed Nadir Hussain , Syed Muhammad Hussain and Syed Ahmed Hussain and a daughter Syeda Ghulam Fatima . Dr. Hussain was a graduate of Lahore Medical School ( predecessor of King Edward Medical University ) and the Chief Chemical Examiner of Punjab . He was a renowned physician with a flourishing practice and was a great philanthropist . In those days Model Town was an exclusive Hindu locality and Muslims could not buy plots in the society . In response to this prejudice Dr Muhammad Hussain bought agricultural land in the outskirts of Lahore on the canal Bank and hired professionals to plan a housing scheme , that was initially named as Islamabad . However , on the suggestion of his friend Dr. Allama Muhammad Iqbal , Dr. Hussain decided to rename the housing scheme as Muslim Town to emphasize its Muslim character in response to the exclusivity of Model Town as a Non Muslim locality in pre partition era . Dr. Hussain , initially built a house for himself on 40 kanals of this land at No 7 Muslim Town and donated plots of varied sizes ranging from 10 marlas to 12 kanals to his numerous relatives , friends , family retainers and household help . Some of his famous friends and early settlers included the renowned artist Ustad Allah Baksh , Abdul Majeed Salik ( writer ) , Maulana Ghulam Rasool Mehr , Maulana Muhammad Ali ( Translator of Holy Quran ) , the Faruqi family and the renowned Faqir family . Dr Muhammad Hussain constructed a mosque in Muslim Town ( Aisha Masjid ) in memory of his late mother . He also allocated land for a graveyard for his descendants in Shah Jamal and another graveyard in Muslim Town for the benefit of general public . The Shah Jamal graveyard is under the exclusive custodianship of his great grand daughter ( by orders of honorable Lahore High Court ) . Dr Muhammad Hussain 's agricultural land around Old Muslim Town was later acquired by Lahore Development Authority as part of Shah Jamal , Gulberg and New Muslim Town Schemes . Dr Syed Muhammad Hussain was known for his medical acumen . Thus Nawab of Bahawalpur brought his sister to be treated by him and Dr Hussain successfully cured her jaundice . Nawab Sahib insisted on giving a fee of 16000 rupees but Dr Hussain resisted explaining that he had cured the patient from an ordinary ailment and the fee was too high for that purpose . When Nawab Sahib insisted , Dr Hussain requested that this money be used for the education of children in the Islamic Bahawalpur State . This gesture impressed the Nawab further and on his return to Bahawalpur he allotted 200 squares of land in the name of Dr. Syed Muhammad Hussain ( original papers of this allotment are in the custody of his great grand daughter ) . Dr Hussain stuck to his resolve and this land exclusively allotted for his benefit was distributed by him among any family member/cousins/nephews who decided to migrate to Khanpur and reclaim the land . His elder son Syed Altaf Hussain was also among these immigrants and he received a share only in proportion to other relatives and according to the amount of effort and time spent in reclamation of land and not as Dr Hussain 's descendant . While Dr Hussain 's younger son Dr Bashir Hussain Syed I G Prisons/Director General Health West Pakistan did not even claim an acre of his father 's allotted land and Dr Hussain 's daughter , Safia Begum , inherited land in Khanpur only through her husband and father in law ( Syed Ahmed Hussain , one of the migrants to Khanpur was the younger brother of Dr. Hussain ) . Dr Hussain 's professional integrity , religiosity and non worldly contentment can be gauged from the fact that he was also allotted 300 squares of land by the Maharaja of Patiala , but Dr Hussain never claimed this land despite having full ownership and allotment letters . The existence of this land was only revealed by Dr Syed Muhammad Hussain 's son Dr. B H Syed to his nephew Syed Asad Hussain after the closure of allotments of evacuee property explaining that it was Dr Hussain 's wish that any allotted property should not be claimed by his immediate descendants . When Dr Hussain 's nephew syed Nazir Hussian contacted tuberculosis , Syed Muhammad Hussain left no stone unturned to get best available medical care for hi . However , he realized that most tuberculosis sanatoriums were being run by Hindu philanthropists there was apparent reluctance towards admission of Muslim patients . Dr Muhammad Hussain decided to build a Tuberculosis Sanatorium in Samli , Murree Hills Pakistan that was inaugurated by Lord & Lady Linlithgow , Viceroy of India . This is the largest T B Sanatorium in Pakistan . Dr. Muhammed Hussain 's daughter , Safia Begum started an English School for Muslim Children in her 12 kanal house in Muslim Town and hired Mrs. Lewis , an English Lady as its Principal . She became the Headmistress in 1930s imparting modern education to the young until the time when the school had to be closed around partition in 1947 . There is a Safia Street and a Safia Park housing estate within Muslim Town named after her memory . She built `` Syed Imtiaz Hussain Ward '' in memory of her son Syed Imtiaz Hussain in Syed Muhammad Hussain T B Sanatorium Samli . Herdaughter in law Begum Sarawat Imtiaz was the first ever female in West Pakistan to take the oath as Lambardar in 1959 . This was cited as a milestone for women empowerment in Pakistan and the Muslim World . Presently her daughter Begum Arshia Azhar is Lambardar of said village i.e. Chak 43/12L , Chichawatni , District Sahiwal . Dr Hussain 's grandsons Syed Khalid Hussain and Syed Asad Hussain donated land and Syed Asad Hussain a great philanthropist in the footsteps of his esteemed grandfather constructed Syed Altaf Hussain Eye Hospital on this land in Khanpur District Rahimyar Khan ( rare example of two philanthropic hospitals in name of a father and son ) . Brigadier Akram Syed was the son of Syed Bashir Hussain the younger son of Dr Muhammad Hussain . Some of the famous early settlers in Muslim Town , besides the Syed family , included : Abdus ` Salam Khursheed ( writer ) Sabiha Khanum , Santosh Kumar , Nayyar Sultana Darpan , Agha Taalash , Allauddin , Malika Pukhraj , Akmal , Hasan Lateef , Saifuddin Saif , Ibraheem Nafees , Tanvir Naqvi , Riaz Ahmed and M Suleman ( Film industry ) and many more . http://www.researchgate.net/publication/9146487_Silver_Jubilee_Celebration_of_S._Muhammad_Hussain_Govt._Tuberculosis_Sanatorium_Samli._3rd_September_1959",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ae3dff482ad1d71af04f7f64f7eb95e5",
"text": "Kraton (Indonesia) Kraton or Keraton is the Javanese word for a royal palace . Its name is derived from ka-ratu-an which means the residence of ratu . Ratu is the traditional honorific title to refer the `` ruler '' ( king or queen ) . In Java , the palace of a prince is called puro or dalem . The general word to designate a palace is istana , as in Indonesian and Malay .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "30cdb9a9cecbe6ca4312a74f174cdda5",
"text": "Imambaras of Lucknow Lucknow is a city of imambaras as it has a large number of imambaras among which are some very famous . Aasafi Imambara or Bara Imambara . ( One of the oldest Imambara of Lucknow ) . Imambara Husainabad Mubarak or Chota Imambara . Imambara Shah Najaf . Imambara Sibtainabad Mubarak or Imambara Jannat Nasheen . Imambara Agha Baqar Sahab . ( This Imambara is associated with Abbas Alambardar . This Imambara is second oldest in Lucknow . Built by Agha Baqar during the reign of Nawab Shuja-ud-Daulah . Imambara Ghufran Ma'ab . Imambara of Hakeem Sayyed Yusuf Husain Sahab , Imambara Qasr-e-Jannat ( Jannat ki Khidki ) . During the reign of King Nasir-ud-Din Haider , The `` Chehal Mimbari '' , was revolutionized at this Imambara by putting 39 Small `` Mimbers '' on a Large `` Mimber '' . Imambara of Nazim Sahab . Imambara of Mir Baqar Saudagar . Imambara of Moghul Saheba , the highest `` Mimber '' in India is kept in this Imambara . Imambara Kaiwan Jah . Imambara of ( Nawab Salarjung Bahadur ) Mirza Muhammad Ali Khan Sahab or Kaala Imambara . `` Zarih '' in this Imambara has 13 domes associated with `` 13 Masoomin '' Imambara of Mir Zain-ul-Abidin Khan Sahab . Imambara of Raja Jhau Lal Sahab , ( Bait-ul-Maal ) Imambara of Meeran Sahab",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7806d85c2665dce41c967c1d469694bd",
"text": "Alhamra Arts Council Alhamra Arts Council ( also known as the Alhamra Hall , Alhamra Cultural Complex , Alhamra Art Gallery and Lahore Arts Council ) was designed by Nayyar Ali Dada and completed in 1992 . The Alhamra Arts Council is located on a colonial-period road in Lahore , Pakistan , that was formerly known as Mall Road and has been renamed as Shahrah Quaid-e-Azam . The origins of the arts complex lie in an initial commission of Nayyar Ali Dada to design a 1000-seat auditorium for the Alhambra Arts Council ( AAC ) , of which he was a member . The AAC had been given the site by the government in the years immediately following independence but had generally staged its performances outdoors . The auditorium was completed in 1979 and replaced some temporary buildings . A further three phases of construction followed that of the auditorium . There were commissioned from Dada by the Lahore Arts Council , a government agency that took over the project from the non-governmental AAC following a dispute concerning ownership of the land . The first of these phases was completed in 1984 and consisted of offices and art galleries housed in four octagonal structures . In the following year , a 450-seat theatre in hexagonal form was added to the existing auditorium and , in 1992 , an octagonal 250-seat facility for lectures and recitals was completed . The buildings are placed in a manner that creates semi-enclosed courtyards and the various polygonal shapes in their design are intended to enhance acoustics when used for performances . The structures are influenced by Mughal architecture and are constructed using a veneer of handmade red bricks overlaying a concrete form . The bricks are bonded with a local mortar and reflect the construction of the historic Lahore Fort and Badshahi Mosque , as well as the red sandstone that was favoured by the Mughals . The design was a winner of the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 1998 , when the jury described it as `` a rare example of flexible spaces that has enabled several additions to be made over time , each of which has in turn enhanced , rather than detracted from , its overall architectural value . This is a very popular and successful public building , projecting its complexities in a simple and powerful manner . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c6c1b77719a46b2f7d5028a54c5bd468",
"text": "Imperial Highness His/Her Imperial Highness ( abbreviation HIH ) is a style used by members of an imperial family to denote imperial -- as opposed to royal -- status to show that the holder in question is descended from an Emperor rather than a King ( compare His/Her Royal Highness ) . The first dynasty to use the style on the generic basis were the Romanovs in the eighteenth century ; the archdukes and archduchess of the House of Habsburg were only styled as Royal Highness given the officially elective nature of the Holy Roman Empire . With the establishment of the Austrian Empire in 1804 their style was changed to that of Imperial and Royal Highness . Today , the style has mainly fallen from use with the exception of the . In the past , the style has been applied to more senior members of imperial dynasties , including the French , Turkish , Russian , and Ethiopian imperial houses , among many others . Archdukes of Austria from the Habsburg dynasty held the style of Imperial and Royal Highness ( Kaiserliche und königliche Hoheit ) , with the `` Royal '' signifying their status as Princes of Hungary and Bohemia . They were also addressed as `` Imperial Highness '' ( Kaiserliche Hoheit ) . Members of the British royal family , theoretically , as the imperial family of India could have used the title , but did not . Category : Styles ( manners of address ) es : Tratamientos protocolares de la monarquía",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ddd00461e44982d4c5c5a6590ecbe6b9",
"text": "Hospitality Hospitality refers to the relationship between a guest and a host , wherein the host receives the guest with goodwill , including the reception and entertainment of guests , visitors , or strangers . Louis , chevalier de Jaucourt describes hospitality in the Encyclopédie as the virtue of a great soul that cares for the whole universe through the ties of humanity . Hospitality ethics is a discipline that studies this usage of hospitality .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ccd6bf635879371d522ad7eed4cf83ff",
"text": "Musafir Musafir is a word in Arabic , Persian , Pashto , Hindi and Urdu meaning traveler . In the Romanian language it means guest . In Turkish it also means ` guest ' , as an alternative to `` konuk '' , but is spelled as misafir . It is also the title of a Hindi rock band as well as six movies : Musafir ( band ) Musafir ( 1940 film ) Musafir ( 1957 film ) Musafir ( 1976 film ) Musafir ( 1986 film ) Musafir ( 2004 film ) Musafir ( 2013 film ) Musafir ( 2016 film ) Musafir.com ( Online travel agency )",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3a89c72fedbdc399388d1e24f86cac17",
"text": "Ustad Isa Jdohss Ustad Isa Shirazi ( استاد عيسى شیرازی translation Master Isa ) was a Persian architect , often described as the chief architect of the Taj Mahal in Agra , India . The lack of complete and reliable information as to whom the credit for the design belongs , led to innumerable speculations . Scholars suggest the story of Ustad Isa was born of the eagerness of the British in the 19th century to believe that such a beautiful building should be credited to a European architect . Local informants were reported to have started British curiosity regarding the origins of the Taj by also supplying them with fictitious lists of workmen and materials from all over Asia . Typically , he is described as a Persian architect . Recent research suggests the Persian architect , Ustad Ahmad Lahauri was the most likely candidate as the chief architect of the Taj , an assertion based on a claim made in writings by Lahauri 's son Lutfullah Muhandis .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "701d6b247f4069b50d8e0aa8097be982",
"text": "Hyderabadi Muslims Hyderabadi Muslims are an ethnoreligious community of Urdu-speaking Muslims , part of a larger group of Dakhini Muslims , from the area that used to be the princely state of Hyderabad , India , including cities like Hyderabad , Aurangabad , Gulbarga and Bidar . While the term `` Hyderabadi '' now only refers to residents in and around the city of Hyderabad , the term Hyderabadi Muslims can refer to those native Muslim residents of the erstwhile princely state.The native language of the Hyderabadi Muslims is Hyderabadi Urdu , which is a form of the Dakhini language . With their origins in the Muslim Bahmani Sultanate and then the Deccan sultanates , Hyderabadi Muslim culture became defined in the latter half of the reign of the Asif Jahi Dynasty in Hyderabad . The culture exists today mainly in the old city of Hyderabad , Aurangabad , and among the Hyderabadi Muslim diaspora around the world , in particular , Pakistan , Saudi Arabia , the Arab states of the Persian Gulf , USA , Canada and the United Kingdom .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "21f51306301dfdcc9fecd1257891ac28",
"text": "Moinuddin Chishti Chishtī Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Sijzī ( 1142 -- 1236 CE ) , known more commonly as Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī or Moinuddin Chishti , or reverently as a Shaykh Muʿīn al-Dīn , was a Sufi , preacher , ascetic , religious scholar , and philosopher from Sistan , who eventually ended up settling in the Indian subcontinent in the early thirteenth-century , where he established the famous Chishti Order of Sufism . This particular tariqa ( order ) became the dominant Muslim spiritual group in medieval India and many of the most beloved and venerated Indian Islamic saints have been Chishti in their affiliation , including Nizamuddin Awliya ( d. 1325 ) and Amir Khusrow -RSB- ( d. 1325 ) . As such , Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī 's legacy rests primarily on his having been `` one of the most outstanding figures in the annals of Islamic mysticism . '' Although little is known of Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī 's early life , it is probable that he travelled from Sistan to India as a refugee due to the increasing prevalence of Mongol military action in Central Asia at this point in time . Having arrived in Delhi during the reign of the sultan Iltutmish ( d. 1236 ) , Muʿīn al-Dīn moved from Delhi to Ajmer shortly thereafter , at which point he became increasingly influenced by the writings of the famous Hanbali scholar and mystic ʿAbdallāh Anṣārī ( d. 1088 ) , whose famous work on the lives of the early Islamic saints , the Ṭabāqāt al-ṣūfiyya , may have played a role in shaping Muʿīn al-Dīn 's worldview . It was during his time in Ajmer that Muʿīn al-Dīn acquired the reputation of being a great spiritual preacher and teacher ; and biographical accounts of his life written after his death report that he received the gifts of many `` spiritual marvels ( karāmāt ) , such as miraculous travel , clairvoyance , and visions of angels '' in these years of his life . The tomb ( dargāh ) of Muʿīn al-Dīn became a deeply venerated site in the century following the preacher 's death in 1236 . Honored by members of all social classes , the tomb was treated with great respect by many of the era 's most important Sunni rulers , including Muhammad bin Tughluq , the Sultan of Delhi from 1324-1351 , who payed a famous visit to the tomb in 1332 to commemorate the memory of the saint . In a similar way , the later Mughal emperor Akbar ( d. 1605 ) visited the shrine no less than fourteen times during his reign . In the present day , the tomb of Muʿīn al-Dīn continues to one of the most popular sites of religious visitation for Sunni Muslims in the Indian subcontinent , with over `` hundreds of thousands of people from all over the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent assembling there on the occasion of -LSB- the saint 's -RSB- ʿurs or death anniversary . '' Additionally , the site also attracts many Hindu devotees , who have also venerated the Islamic saint since the medieval period . In 2007 , the shrine of Muʿīn al-Dīn suffered a bomb blast at the hands of ultra right-wing Hindu nationalist extremists , leading to the deaths of three devotees and the injuries of seventeen others ; the shrine has been completely restored since then .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4c3f4df45401660e7421f1c930cca359",
"text": "Mumtaz Mahal, Colombo The Mumtaz Mahal is the former official residence of the Speaker of the Parliament of Sri Lanka , located in Kollupitiya , a suburb of Colombo . Built in 1929 , it was purchased in 1948 to serve as the official residence of the Speaker of House of Representatives and served in that capacity till a new residence was built in 2000 in close proximity to the New Parliament Complex in Sri Jayawardenapura-Kotte . Since then the house has been used by various government entities .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "23be6929de198021b3be8fed7dc8df4e",
"text": "Ahmad Shahi Pavilion Ahmad Shahi Pavilion ( -LSB- ) is in Niavaran Palace , in the Niavaran complex in north of Tehran , Iran . Ahmad Shahi Pavilion is beside Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 's dwelling , Niavaran Palace and the oldest building there , Sahebgheranieh Palace . The Pavilion was built at the end of the Qajar era as Ahmad Shah 's dwelling among Niavaran garden . Ahmad Shahi Pavilion was constructed as a two story building in the surrounds of 800 m2 of land . The Ahmad Shahi pavilion , after refurbishment and interior additions , was utilized as the house and workplace of Reza Pahlavi by wholly altering its furniture during the Mohammad Reza Pahlavi . The first floor of the pavilion includes of a hallway with a pond made of marble stone in the middle with six rooms and two corridors around . ornamental items made of silver , bronze , ivory , wood and souvenirs from different countries such as India , paintings , medals , etc. have been exhibited in this palace . Also other items plus decorative mineral stones , a stone from Moon , different plant and animal fossils are kept in this pavilion . The 2nd floor of this building includes of a middle hallway and a four sided veranda . All around the major hall , which was used as the song room , wooden shelves have been set . Surrounding the veranda , shelter is provided by six square brick columns and 26 round gypsum columns . The gypsum work pattern of lion and sun can be visible on the northern wall of the veranda . Ahmad Shahi Pavilion is open to public visitors .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a8829a2060a75b5c5637ea2e876f8f6e",
"text": "Mahalla (Uzbeks) A mahalla is an urban division in Uzbek communities which today exist in Uzbekistan , Kyrgyzstan , and Tajikistan . Historically , mahallas were autonomous social institutions built around familial ties and Islamic rituals . Before the establishment of the Soviet rule in Uzbekistan , Mahallas fulfilled local self-government functions connecting private sphere with public sphere . Religious rituals , life-cycle crisis ceremonies , resource management , conflict resolution , and many other community activities were performed at mahalla , or ( neighbourhood ) level . An informal council of elders ( oqsoqol , or aksakal ) provided leadership . After the establishment of the Soviet Union , informal mahalla organizations were placed under the state control and served as local extensions of the Soviet government . Mahallas were thought to be `` eyes '' and `` ears '' of the Soviet government ; mahalla became a control mechanism of the state and the mahalla leaders were appointed by the government . However , mahalla level state-society relationships were more complex as mahalla leaders could serve as henchmen while also acting as buffers between the local community and the state . Due to intimate , face-to face relationships dominant at mahalla , mahalla organizations could shield the community from the incursions of the state . Since 1993 , Uzbek government reorganized mahalla councils as bearers of `` Uzbek nationhood '' and `` morality , '' effectively reproducing Soviet style state domination over the society . Thus , they are formal structures run by committees ( headed by chairs called `` oqsoqols '' ) and regulated by the government . Human rights groups have accused Islam Karimov 's government of using mahallas to control the population , repress dissent , force resettlement , and persecute religious minorities . Mahalla is a common unit not only in Uzbekistan , but in Tajikistani cities like Khujand and Kyrgyzstani cities like Osh .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "428223e7e7070e3670ab2fe38e2f587a",
"text": "Seraglio A seraglio ( -LSB- səˈræljoʊ -RSB- or -LSB- səˈrɑːljoʊ -RSB- ) or serail is the sequestered living quarters used by wives and concubines in an Ottoman household . The term harem is a generic term for domestic spaces reserved for women in a Muslim family , which can also refer to the women themselves . The Ottoman imperial harem was known in Ottoman Turkish as Harem-i Hümâyûn .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "206a8db0ff4310c93578d0d9731167a4",
"text": "Khan Klub Khan Klub is a boutique hotel in Peshawar , Pakistan . The hotel is housed in a restored Hindu haveli that was built in 1793 by the Howrah family and is owned by Bashir Ahmed Awan . It was opened on November 3 , 1995 by Irish-American Martin Jay Davis ( known as Ashley ) , who designed and spent one year renovating the haveli with 76 refugee master artisans from Afghanistan . All fixtures , furniture and artwork were produced by Afghan refugees and Pakistani craftsmen . The haveli was restored by Davis in order to promote cultural understanding in Peshawar of the importance of heritage preservation and the promotion of the arts . Davis spent 13 years in Peshawar ( between 1990-2003 ) promoting and preserving the arts of Afghanistan and Pakistan 's Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province . There are 8 rooms in the hotel , each named after gemstones mined in Afghanistan and Pakistan : lapis lazuli , spinel , morganite , tourmaline , topaz , peridot , ruby , and garnet . The restaurant is designed on the pattern of a traditional Pashtun hujra with traditional bajotes ( small sitting level dining tables ) , filigreed brass lanterns , garnet floors and handmade carpets . Lapis room has genuine lapis lazuli tiles that were made by the celebrated Afghan jeweler , the late Naib-ud-din . The library and all public rooms are tiled with almandine garnet in marble . Morganite room is tiled in morganite crystals imbedded in marble . The entrance doors to the Khan Klub and guest rooms have original stained glass windows that were produced in Murshidabad ( India ) in the late 18th Century . The main structure of the hotel , as well as carved jharokas ( decorative façades ) and jalis ( filigreed panels ) , are also made from wood of giant Himalayan cedar .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
8de614e43b386e7157b191c56a9af2e5 | Sunrise created anime that won awards. | [
{
"docid": "87506182853b9cac9bffa11966feab6d",
"text": "Sunrise (company) is a Japanese animation studio and production enterprise . It is a subsidiary of Bandai Namco Holdings . Its former name was Nippon Sunrise , and prior to that , Sunrise Studios . Its headquarters is located in Suginami , Tokyo . Among Japan 's largest and most famous studios , Sunrise is renowned for several critically lauded and popular original anime series , such as Gundam , Cowboy Bebop , Space Runaway Ideon , Armored Trooper Votoms , Yoroiden Samurai Troopers , Future GPX Cyber Formula , Crush Gear Turbo , The Vision of Escaflowne , Love Live School Idol Project , Witch Hunter Robin , My-HiME , My-Otome , Code Geass : Lelouch of the Rebellion , Tiger & Bunny , Cross Ange : Rondo of Angel and Dragon , as well as its numerous adaptations of acclaimed light novels including Dirty Pair , Horizon in the Middle of Nowhere and Accel World , and manga such as City Hunter , InuYasha , Outlaw Star , Yakitate !! Japan , Planetes , Keroro Gunso , Gin Tama , Kekkaishi and several others . Many of Sunrise 's original anime include similar themes , including mecha and masked identities accompanied with fluid animation . Because of the fluidity and high degree of details on much of their works , fans refer to their animation works as `` Sunrise Smooth '' . Most of their works are mostly original titles created in-house by their creative staffs that went into a collective pseudonym called Hajime Yatate . They also previously operated a now defunct video game studio of their own named Sunrise Interactive . Sunrise also launched their own light novel publication titled Yatate Bunko Imprint on September 30 , 2016 aimed to publish new original titles and also to supplemment their already existing franchises with new materials . Anime created by Sunrise that have won the Animage Anime Grand Prix prize are Mobile Suit Gundam in 1979 and the first half of 1980 , Space Runaway Ideon in the second half of 1980 , Crusher Joe ( co-production with Studio Nue ) in 1983 , Dirty Pair in 1985 , Future GPX Cyber Formula in 1991 , Gundam SEED in 2002 , Gundam SEED Destiny in 2004 and 2005 , Code Geass : Lelouch of the Rebellion in 2006 and 2007 and Code Geass R2 in 2008 , thus making Sunrise as the studio that won the most number of Animage Awards .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "50fa173e9658edf145b7b1d5494abb41",
"text": "List of Ranma ½ episodes is a Japanese anime series adapted from the manga of the same name by Rumiko Takahashi . It was created by Studio Deen and aired weekly between April 15 , 1989 and September 16 , 1989 on Fuji TV before being canceled after 18 episodes due to low ratings . Shortly after , the series was reworked by most of the same staff , retitled and launched in a different time slot , running between October 20 , 1989 and September 25 , 1992 for 143 episodes . Three movies were produced , The Battle of Nekonron , China ! A Battle to Defy the Rules ! on November 2 , 1991 ; Battle at Togenkyo ! Get Back the Brides on August 1 , 1992 ; and Super Indiscriminate Decisive Battle ! Team Ranma vs. the Legendary Phoenix on August 20 , 1994 . The first two movies are feature length , but the third was originally aired in theaters with two other movies : Ghost Sweeper Mikami and Heisei Dog Stories : Bow . Following the ending of the TV series , 12 OVA episodes were released directly to home video , the earliest on December 7 , 1993 and the twelfth on October 20 , 2010 . In celebration of Rumiko Takahashi 's 35th anniversary as a manga artist , the TV series was released on Blu-ray for the first time in three box sets between May 24 , 2013 and January 24 , 2014 . Viz Media licensed both anime , the films and the first 11 OVAs for English dubs in North America . They labeled both anime as one series and first released it on subtitled and dubbed VHS , later combining it into seven DVD collections they call `` seasons '' . Besides changing the ordering of many of the anime episodes , Viz also added the third film to their set of the OVAs . They began re-releasing the show on Blu-ray and DVD in 2014 . Madman Entertainment released part of the anime series and the first two movies in Australasia , before their license expired , and MVM Films released the first two movies in the United Kingdom .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4b0fdfb532dba05f93f21c2a2ec4cd42",
"text": "List of Gundam Reconguista in G episodes , also referred to as , is a 2014 Japanese science fiction anime television series and the thirteenth incarnation of Sunrise 's long-running Gundam mecha metaseries . Created for the Gundam 35th Anniversary celebration , it is the first Gundam TV series to be written and directed by Yoshiyuki Tomino since Turn A Gundam in 1999 and features character designs by Kenichi Yoshida of Overman King Gainer & Eureka Seven fame . Airing in the MBS/TBS networks ' Animeism block starting in October 2014 , it is the first traditional Gundam TV series to be initially released as a late night anime . The first opening theme is `` BLAZING '' by Garnidelia , while the first ending theme is `` G no Senkō '' by Daisuke Hasegawa . The second opening theme is `` Magic of Futari '' by May J.",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8e72528dcfcc125aeecb3fa61899afde",
"text": "List of Fate/Zero episodes Fate/Zero is a 2011 -- 2012 action , thriller , fantasy anime based on the prequel light novels to Type-Moon 's visual novel , Fate/stay night . The novels are written by Gen Urobuchi , who is also known as the writer for the anime Puella Magi Madoka Magica , and illustrated by Takashi Takeuchi , co-founder and main artist of Type-Moon . Set ten years before the events of Fate/stay night , the anime tells the story of the Fourth Holy Grail War , a secret magical tournament held in Fuyuki City , Japan where seven magicians known as Masters summon Servants , reincarnations of legendary souls and heroes from all across time , where they fight in a deadly battle royale where the winner obtains the Holy Grail , a magical legendary chalice capable of granting wishes . Its characters include both younger versions of characters in Fate/stay night , their parents and relatives , and original characters . Fate/Zeros main protagonist , Kiritsugu Emiya , the foster father of Fate/stay nights protagonist , Shirō Emiya , is known as a merciless mage killer who joins the tournament on behalf of his wife 's family , the Einzberns . The anime is jointly produced by Aniplex , Nitroplus , Notes , Seikaisha , and Ufotable . It is also directed by Ei Aoki ; produced by Atsuhiro Iwakami ; music by Yuki Kajiura ; character design by Atsushi Ikariya and Tomonori Sudou ; and art , 3D , and photography directions by Koji Eto , Kōjirō Shishido , and Yuichi Terao respectively . The anime premiered on Tokyo MX , Tochigi TV , and Gunma TV , with the first season airing from October 1 to December 24 , 2011 and later dates on TVS , TVA , MBS , CTC , tvk , TVh , TVQ , BS11 , and Kids Station . The second season aired from April 7 to June 23 , 2012 . In the first season , the opening theme song was `` Oath Sign '' by LiSA and the ending theme was `` Memoria '' by Eir Aoi . In the second season , the opening theme song was `` to the beginning '' by Kalafina and the ending theme is by Luna Haruna . The song by Kalafina was used as a special ending theme song in episodes 18 and 19 . __ TOC __",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b6fda92137f02a2eeafeb03baec0183f",
"text": "Majokko Megu-chan is a popular magical girl anime series . The manga was created by Tomô Inoue and Makiho Narita , while the 72-episode anime series was produced by Toei Animation between 1974 and 1975 . This series is considered an important forerunner of the present day magical girl genre , as the series ' characterization and general structure exerted considerable influence over future shows in the same genre . Most notably , several of the show 's recurring motifs were recycled in Toei 's Sailor Moon , AIC 's Pretty Sammy , and ( to a lesser degree ) Wedding Peach .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4040a226a66a7444ecff0452eeb9cba2",
"text": "List of Danganronpa: The Animation episodes is a 2013 anime television series based on Spike Chunsoft 's murder mystery video game , Danganronpa : Trigger Happy Havoc . The series follows a boy named Makoto Naegi who , along with fourteen other unique students , is imprisoned inside the elite Hope 's Peak Academy , where a psychotic remote-controlled bear named Monokuma offers them only one means of escape : murder another student and get away with it . The anime is produced by Lerche and directed by Seiji Kishi , who is known for directing the anime adaptations of Persona 4 and Devil Survivor 2 . In addition the series uses Makoto Uezu for its series composition as well as script writing , character designs by Kazuaki Morita based on the original character designs by Rui Komatsuzaki , art direction by Kazuto Shimoyama and sound direction by Satoki Iida . The 13-episode series aired in Japan between July 4 and September 26 , 2013 on MBS ' Animeism programming block , also airing on TBS , CBC and BS-TBS . The series has been licensed in North America by Funimation , who simulcast the series online and released it on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on November 10 , 2015 . Manga Entertainment released the series in the United Kingdom on November 9 , 2015 . Madman Entertainment licensed the series in Australia and New Zealand , Melanesia and Polynesia Region ( Cook Islands , Fiji , Tokelau , Solomon Islands , Samoa , Papua New Guinea , and Tonga ) who simulcasted the series on Madman Screening Room and released the series on February 10 , 2016 . The opening theme is `` Never Say Never '' by TKDzZb with rapping provided by Jas Mace and Marchitect ( aka The 49ers ) and Tribeca , whilst the ending theme is by Suzumu feat . Soraru . The opening theme for episode one is `` Danganronpa '' by Masafumi Takada whilst the opening theme for episode four is by Sachiko Kobayashi featuring Monokuma ( Nobuyo Ōyama ) . The ending theme for episode 13 is by Megumi Ogata . __ TOC __",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "648938709db7d5726426ba3800227cdf",
"text": "List of Eyeshield 21 episodes The anime series Eyeshield 21 is based on the manga series of the same name written by Riichiro Inagaki and illustrated by Yusuke Murata . The series is directed by Masayoshi Nishida and produced by TV Tokyo , NAS and Gallop . The plot of the episodes follows Sena Kobayakawa , a student who becomes an American football player against his desire but eventually becomes the star of the team , wearing an eyeshield to protect his identity . Before the anime series was aired , Production I.G announced on August 2003 the production of an original video animation ( OVA ) that was released on Jump Festa Anime Tour 2003 . The production of anime Eyeshield 21 was announced by Weekly Shōnen Jump at the end of 2004 . Eyeshield 21 aired between April 6 , 2005 and March 19 , 2008 on TV Tokyo . The episodes were later released in thirty-six DVD compilations between July 22 , 2005 and June 25 , 2008 by Bandai Visual . Viz Media and Cartoon Network released a dubbed version of Eyeshield 21 on the internet video streaming service Toonami Jetstream ; the video was available on December 17 , 2007 . However , it was not completed due to Toonami Jetstream 's defunct . The video streaming service Crunchyroll streamed Eyeshield 21 subtitled on its site beginning on January 2 , 2009 ; the last episode was available on November 1 , 2009 for premium users , and on March 7 , 2010 for free users . Section23 Films through Sentai Filmworks released the first fifty-two episodes on four subtitled-only DVDs between May 18 , 2010 and February 8 , 2011 . The series use twelve pieces of theme music : five opening and seven ending themes . The opening themes are `` Breakthrough '' by Coming Century , `` Innocence '' by 20th Century , `` Dang Dang '' by ZZ , `` Blaze Line '' by Back-On , and by Short Leg Summer . The ending themes are `` Be Free '' by Ricken 's , `` Blaze Away '' by The Trax , `` Goal '' by Beni Arashiro , `` Run to Win '' by Aya Hirano , Miyu Irino , Koichi Nagano and Kappei Yamaguchi , `` A day dreaming ... '' by Back-On , `` Flower '' by Back-On , and `` Song of Power '' by Short Leg Summer . Singles have been released of the individual songs , an original soundtrack and other four CDs were also released by Avex .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "faa10678a3e3f6f6ef75262371dfabd7",
"text": "List of Kurokami: The Animation episodes Kurokami : The Animation is an anime series adapted from the manga of the same title originally published by Square Enix and serialized in Young Gangan . Produced by Sunrise and directed by directed by Tsuneo Kobayashi , the series had an advance screening of episode 1 on December 27 , 2008 before it began broadcasting on TV Asahi on January 8 , 2009 . The anime 's opening song `` Sympathizer '' is sung by Minami Kuribayashi and the ending song `` Irodori no Nai Sekai '' by Yōsei Teikoku with the second opening song `` tRANCE '' done by GRANRODEO . The second ending song `` Gekkou no Chigiri '' is also sung by Yōsei Teikoku also . The show centers on Keita Ibuki , who is portrayed as a high school student instead of a computer programmer from the manga , being drawn in a secret conflict concerning the Mototsumitamas . Together with Kuro and Akane , Keita tries to find out why his mother died after seeing her double and find out who wants to destabilize the coexistence balance on Earth . Word of an anime adaptation of Black God came from Young Gangan 's 20th issue with the announcement regarding the creation of Kurokami : The Animation . A promotional video of Kurokami : The Animation was broadcast on the internet . Bandai Entertainment announced that Kurokami : The Animation was officially licensed in North America , and would air first on January 8 , 2009 simultaneously in Japan on TV Asahi and in the United States on ImaginAsian , followed by South Korea on January 9 , 2009 on AniBOX . Also on May 18 , Bandai Entertainment uploaded onto YouTube and Crunchyroll the first 19 episodes as well as the special in English Dubbed form . Later episodes were episode on a week-by-week basis ; the entire series is currently available to watch online on YouTube . In the 2009 Comic-Con convention , Bandai has announced that Kurokami will see a Blu-ray release aside from DVD .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b9cd889f8e62a1e10b30e7415019f4c3",
"text": "Hayao Miyazaki is a Japanese film director , producer , screenwriter , animator , author , and manga artist . Through a career that has spanned over five decades , Miyazaki has attained international acclaim as a masterful storyteller and as a maker of anime feature films and , along with Isao Takahata , co-founded Studio Ghibli , a film and animation studio . Born in Bunkyō , Tokyo , Miyazaki began his animation career in 1963 when he joined Toei Animation . From there , Miyazaki worked as an in-between artist for Gulliver 's Travels Beyond the Moon , where he pitched ideas that eventually became the film 's ending . Hayao Miyazaki was also associated with Tokyo Movie Shinsha . He co-directed Lupin III with Isao Takahata , provided the screenplay and key animation for Panda ! Go Panda ! , provided key animation for the first episode of Tokyo Giants , provided the original concept for Jungle Kurobe , provided the director role for Lupin III : Tales of the Wolf , provided key animation for the Ulysses 31 pilot in conjunction with Diffusion Information Communication , provided the director role for The New Adventures of Zorro , provided key animation for the Inspector Gadget pilot , and provided the chief director role for season 1 of Sherlock Hound . He continued to work in various roles in the animation industry with various studios until he directed his first feature film , The Castle of Cagliostro , a Lupin the Third story , released in 1979 . After the success of his next film , Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind ( 1984 ) , he co-founded Studio Ghibli , where he continued to produce many feature films . While Miyazaki 's films have long enjoyed both commercial and critical success in Japan , he remained largely unknown to the West until Miramax Films released Princess Mononoke in 1997 . Princess Mononoke was briefly the highest-grossing film in Japan until it was eclipsed by another 1997 film , Titanic , and it became the first animated film to win Picture of the Year at the Japanese Academy Awards . Miyazaki 's next film , Spirited Away ( 2001 ) , won Picture of the Year at the Japanese Academy Awards , and was the first anime film to win an American Academy Award . Miyazaki 's films often contain recurrent themes , like humanity 's relationship with nature and technology , and the difficulty of maintaining a pacifist ethic . His films ' protagonists are often strong girls or young women . While two of his films , The Castle of Cagliostro and Castle in the Sky , involve traditional villains , his other films like Nausicaä and Princess Mononoke present morally ambiguous antagonists with redeeming qualities . He co-wrote films The Secret World of Arrietty , released in July 2010 in Japan and February 2012 in the United States ; and From Up on Poppy Hill released in July 2011 in Japan and March 2013 in the United States . Miyazaki 's newest film The Wind Rises was released on July 20 , 2013 and screened internationally in February 2014 . The film would go on to earn him his third American Academy Award nomination and first Golden Globe Award nomination . Miyazaki announced on September 1 , 2013 that The Wind Rises would be his final feature-length movie . In November 2014 , Miyazaki was awarded an Honorary Academy Award for his impact on animation and cinema . He is the second Japanese filmmaker to win this award , after Akira Kurosawa in 1990 . In 2002 , American film critic Roger Ebert suggested that Miyazaki may be the best animation filmmaker in history , praising the depth and artistry of his films .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c411164ee4a05e1b068ff8b769fdf3c5",
"text": "List of Phantom: Requiem for the Phantom episodes This article is a list of the episodes of the Japanese anime series Phantom ~ Requiem for the Phantom ~ , which is animated by Bee Train and directed by Koichi Mashimo under the Project Phantom group . The series went on air on April 2 , 2009 on TV Tokyo . Subsequently the show also aired on AT-X , TV Aichi , and TV Osaka . Funimation Entertainment is streaming the series for its North American audience . The anime is based on the 2000 video game Phantom of Inferno . The series is about a Japanese national who gets kidnapped by an assassin syndicate called Inferno after he had personally witnessed an assassination while visiting the United States . Inferno is a criminal organization attempting to unite all known underworld mob gangs into one conglomerate . In order to achieve their goal , Inferno deploys its assassin operatives codenamed Phantom . Among them is an amnesiac girl named Ein and the Japanese national , who was given the name Zwei as his codename after being brainwashed of his previous memory . An announcement regarding the show was first announced in the January issue of Kadokawa Shoten 's Newtype magazine with Yoshimitsu Yamashita , Mutsumi Sasaki and Yoko Kikuchi being the main animators with Bee Train being in charge of animation . Soon afterwards , a promotional video of Phantom ~ Requiem of the Phantom ~ was broadcast on Biglobe . Music for the series is created under Masumi Itō , using the alias Hikaru Nanase . For the first 19 episodes , the opening song `` Karma '' is written and sung by Kokia and arranged by Hikaru Nanase , with the ending song is sung by Ali Project with CD singles released . From episode 20 onwards , a 2nd opening song is sung by Ali Project with a 2nd ending song `` Transparent '' written and sung by Kokia and also arranged by Nanase . In addition , the OST of the show with CD singles by Ayahi Takagaki and Miyu Irino have been released to the public on July 8 , 2009 . The Japanese DVD releases of Volume 1 came out on July 24 , 2009 with subsequent releases from Volumes 2 to 10 on August 25 , 2009 , September 25 , 2009 , October 23 , 2009 , November 25 , 2009 , December 22 , 2009 , January 22 , 2010 , February 25 , 2010 , March 25 , 2010 and April 23 , 2010 . FUNimation released the series on Blu-ray and DVD in 2011 . A manga adaptation of the show was published in tankōbon form on May 23 , 2009 by Media Factory and Nitroplus , with the manga being illustrated by Masaki Hiragi under Media Factory 's Monthly Comic Alive 's February issue .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3d869eb56c68b69e6ebea0ba8ae49ffe",
"text": "Enoki Films is a producer of anime based in the Enoki Building in Shinjuku , Tokyo . Enoki Films also had a North American division , established in 1986 , headquartered in the Encino area of Los Angeles , California , United States called Enoki Films USA , Inc. . Enoki Films USA acted as a middle-man between Japanese companies and American licensees such as 4Kids Entertainment and Saban . In May 2007 it was announced that their content would also be provided as video on demand by Internet startup ReelTime.com ( worldwide except Japan ) . As of 2002 Enoki licenses anime but sub-licenses its licenses to various distributors instead of distributing them directly . Anime News Network wrote that `` They generally only license TV shows that they hope to also license to TV broadcasters such as Cartoon Network , ABC Family and Fox Kids . '' Some of the anime productions that were listed on Enoki 's website are under alternate names and may list characters under different names as well . In many cases , when sub-licensed to anime home video companies , the original titles and character names have been restored . Enoki 's translations of episode titles and scenarios may also be different than what may be on the official release . If Enoki 's series ' had a separate movie or direct-to-video production , it is usually not licensed by Enoki , and the film or direct-to-video production may be licensed to a separate company than the series ( as is the case with the Slayers movies and OVAs and the Utena movie ) . As of 2016 , Enoki Films ' North American division is now defunct , since it bought its operations to an end in 2010 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "66375a74f9f323f4e30f4ffa2dbaf098",
"text": "NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan ( formerly known as Geneon Universal Entertainment and previously Pioneer LDC -- Pioneer LaserDisc Company , a former subsidiary of Pioneer Corporation ) is a Japanese music , anime and home entertainment production and distribution enterprise headquartered in Akasaka , Minato , Tokyo , Japan . From its days as Geneon Universal Entertainment , Geneon has been involved in the production and distribution of several anime in Japan . Geneon 's North American branch ( founded as Pioneer Entertainment ) specialized in translating and distributing anime and related merchandise , such as soundtracks across the region . Geneon is a portmanteau of the English words , generate and eon . On February 1 , 2009 , Geneon merged with Universal Pictures Japan into Geneon Universal Entertainment . On December 9 , 2013 , the company changed its name to the current NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan . Outside Japan , the majority of NBCUniversal Entertainment Japan 's anime titles are distributed in the Oceanic region by Universal Sony Pictures Home Entertainment Australia .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "01bef254b957439c52378949ccafba13",
"text": "Rainbow: Nisha Rokubō no Shichinin , is a Japanese manga series written by George Abe and illustrated by Masasumi Kakizaki . It began serialization in 2003 in Shogakukan Publishing 's Weekly Young Sunday manga magazine but was moved to Big Comic Spirits when the magazine stopped publication . It was later published in twenty two bound volumes by Shogakukan from April 2003 to February 2010 . The story is set in the 1950s and focuses on six junior delinquents aged sixteen to seventeen that are sent to the Shōnan Special Reform School . They learn to cope with the atrocities and unfairness they encounter there . In 2005 it won in the general category of the Shogakukan Manga Award along with A Spirit of the Sun . An anime television series produced by Madhouse Studios and directed by Hiroshi Koujina began airing in Japan on April 6 , 2010 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "84e4a8d12de5bad9b02366ee7eccdc42",
"text": "Animerama is a series of thematically-related adult anime feature films originally conceived and initiated by Osamu Tezuka and made at his Mushi Production animation studio from the late 1960s to early 1970s , perhaps intended as animated counterparts to the then-emergent pink films ( a direct connection being Shigemi Satoyoshi as the scenarist for Cleopatra ) . As well as the erotic themes , they are also defined by mixing more typical traditional animation with sequences of UPA and Yōji Kuri -- influenced experimental use of modern design , limited animation , and still paintings akin to Tezuka 's experimental short films and like those largely were all directed , sometimes sharing the billing with Tezuka , by Eiichi Yamamoto . The first , A Thousand & One Nights , was the first erotic animated feature film and , at 130 minutes , remains one of the longest ever animated films . The first two are also notable for having scores by famed composer and electronic rearranger Isao Tomita . The third , Belladonna , made without Tezuka 's direct involvement , is more serious than its predecessors and more avant-garde still , telling its story largely through pans over still , panoramic paintings with narration . The three films in the trilogy are : ( 1969 ) ( 1970 ) ( 1973 ) All three were released onto DVD-Video by the video division of Columbia Music Entertainment , both separately and as a box set , in 2004 in Japan and re-released in 2006 . A 1991 original video animation based on part of Ihara Saikaku 's The Life of an Amorous Man ( released on VHS in the United Kingdom and Ireland as The Sensualist ) made at Grouper Production is sometimes considered an unofficial successor to the trilogy , owing to the involvement of Yamamoto as screenwriter and its similarly both erotic and experimental imagery .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ecc7228ca0b7f0fe860ed86448cf3312",
"text": "List of S-CRY-ed episodes s-CRY-ed , also known as s.CRY.ed or Scryed , is a 26 episode Japanese anime television series . It is produced by Sunrise , directed by Gorō Taniguchi and written by Yōsuke Kuroda . S-CRY-ed first aired in Japan on TV Tokyo and Animax . The series is set in an alternative time where in Kanagawa Prefecture a phenomenon granted a 1 % of its people supernatural powers known as `` Alters '' . The plot follows a young Alter mercenary known as Kazuma as well as Ryuho , a man working for the Alter special forces known as HOLY who become rivals as their areas clash . In Japan , the series was released in 2001 between July 4 and December 26 for a total of twenty-six episodes . These were collected in a total of nine DVD volumes between November 25 , 2001 and July 25 , 2002 . A DVD box containing all episodes was released on January 25 , 2008 whereas a Blu-ray box was made available on October 26 , 2011 . The anime was licensed by Bandai Entertainment in early 2003 . Starting in 2003 , Bandai released the show in North America as six individual Region 1 volumes , followed by a complete six-disc box set in November 2004 . Bandai 's European branch Beez Entertainment published the series in the United Kingdom . The release was in a total of six DVD volumes released between June 6 , 2005 and February 27 , 2006 . Later , the series premiered on Adult Swim in the United States on May 28 , 2005 , after select episodes had been aired on Adult Swim 's Video On Demand service for nearly a year . On September 27 , 2005 , Bandai re-released s-CRY-ed under the Anime Legends banner , in three two-disc volumes , followed by the Anime Legends Complete Collection on October 24 , 2006 . Following the 2012 closure of Bandai Entertainment , Sunrise announced at Otakon 2013 , that Sentai Filmworks has rescued S-CRY-ed , along with a handful of other former BEI titles . The music of S-CRY-ed was composed by Kōtarō Nakagawa . Its original soundtrack was released on November 21 , 2001 whereas two drama CDs were released on December 19 of the same year . For the first twenty-five episodes the opening and ending are `` Reckless Fire '' by Yasuaki Ide and `` Drastic My Soul '' by Mikio Sakai , respectively . However , for episode twenty-six , `` Reckless Fire '' is replaced by `` Drastic My Soul '' whereas the ending theme is `` Tabidachi no Kane ga Naru '' ( `` The Bell of Setting out for a Journey Will Ring '' ) by Mikio Sakai . There are also three insert song starting with `` All I Need Is Love '' by Sakai for episodes fourteen and seventeen , `` Magma '' by Ide for episode nineteen and `` Discovery '' by Sakai . Both the singles of `` Reckless Fire '' and `` Drastic My Soul '' were released on August 22 , 2001 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8694eeee14c3f253105d129443d5b186",
"text": "List of Kissxsis episodes Kissxsis is an anime adaptation of the manga written by Bow Ditama produced by Feel . The series revolves around a boy named Keita Suminoe who finds himself the centre of attention of his twin step-sisters , Ako and Riko . The anime adaptation consists of two series : a twelve-episode anime television series and a twelve-part original video animation series . The first OVA was released on December 22 , 2008 , with subsequent episodes released with volumes of the manga until April 6 , 2015 . The anime television series aired on AT-X between April 5 , 2010 and June 21 , 2010 , and was released on DVD from June 23 , 2010 . For the television series , the show 's theme song is by Taketatsu and Tatsumi , while the ending credit music is `` Our Steady Boy '' by Yui Ogura and Kaori Ishihara . The ending theme for Episode 12 is by Ogura and Ishihara . For the OVA series , the show 's theme song is by Ayana Taketatsu and Yuiko Tatsumi , while the music during the ending credits is by Nana Takahashi .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "64b2e9e66a890898780960c95c4da27b",
"text": "J9 Series The is a trilogy of Japanese Super Robot mecha anime television series . The anime were broadcast by TV Tokyo ( TX Network ) from 1981 to 1984 , the 80 's trilogy was animated by Kokusai Eiga-sha and produced by Movie International Co.Ltd . In 2014 , a fourth series was announced to be in production for a 2016 release , with the original creative and production team reunited after 30 years .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5864cf357a336feb539cb0ecc6313a32",
"text": "Golden Time (novel series) is a Japanese light novel series written by Yuyuko Takemiya , with illustrations by Ēji Komatsu . The series includes 11 novels published by ASCII Media Works between September 2010 and March 2014 , and incorporates romantic comedy and supernatural themes . A manga adaptation by Umechazuke began serialization in the October 2011 issue of Dengeki Daioh . A 24-episode anime adaptation by J.C.Staff aired on MBS between October 2013 and March 2014 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5673304deec5acf3a62514577200056c",
"text": "Superior Defender Gundam Force , is a 2004 Japanese anime television series produced by Sunrise . The series was released to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the Gundam media franchise , and was the first Gundam series to be entirely animated in cel-shaded 3D computer graphics ( 3DCG ) , and the first full-3DCG series to be broadcast on Japanese television . The show was directed by Yūichi Abe .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a99507b196500b357a728d42030d2656",
"text": "Rintaro is the pseudonym of , a well-known director of anime . He works frequently with the animation studio Madhouse ( which he co-founded ) , though he is a freelance director not employed directly by any one studio . He began working in the animation industry -- at age 17 -- as an in-between animator on the 1958 film Hakujaden . His works have won and been nominated for multiple awards , including a nomination for Best Film ( Metropolis ) at the 2001 Festival de Cine de Sitges . Rintaro is a fan of science fiction , and has been influenced by American westerns , gangster films , film noir , and French films . Additionally , he was influenced by Osamu Tezuka , and worked with him on Kimba the White Lion and Astro Boy . He said that when he was making Metropolis , which was based on Tezuka 's manga of the same name , he `` wanted to communicate Tezuka 's spirit '' . Rintaro personally introduced the film at the Big Apple Anime Fest in 2001 , where it was screened before its theatrical release by TriStar Pictures . Rintaro has also worked under the name Kuruma Hino , in addition to his best known pseudonym and his birth name . His pseudonym is sometimes miswritten as Rin Taro or Taro Rin . He is a founding member of the Japanese Animation Creators Association ( JAniCA ) labor group .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "620f36b0d7cb3129c24d233a87b4ddca",
"text": "Angel Beats! is a 13-episode Japanese anime television series produced by P.A.Works and Aniplex and directed by Seiji Kishi . The story was originally conceived by Jun Maeda , who also wrote the screenplay and composed the music with the group Anant-Garde Eyes , with original character design by Na-Ga ; both Maeda and Na-Ga are from the visual novel brand Key , who produced such titles as Kanon , Air , and Clannad . The anime aired in Japan between April 3 and June 26 , 2010 . An original video animation ( OVA ) episode was released in December 2010 , and a second OVA was released in June 2015 . The story takes place in the afterlife and focuses on Otonashi , a boy who lost his memories of his life after dying . He is enrolled into the afterlife school and meets a girl named Yuri who invites him to join the Afterlife Battlefront , an organization she leads which fights against the student council president Angel , a girl with supernatural powers . Key worked in collaboration with ASCII Media Works ' Dengeki G 's Magazine to produce the project into a media franchise . Three manga series are serialized in Dengeki G 's Magazine and Dengeki G 's Comic : two illustrated by Haruka Komowata , and one drawn by Yuriko Asami . A series of illustrated short stories written by Maeda and illustrated by GotoP were also serialized in Dengeki G 's Magazine between the November 2009 and May 2010 issues . Two Internet radio shows were produced to promote Angel Beats ! . The first volume in a six-part episodic visual novel adaptation produced by Key was released for Windows on June 26 , 2015 . Angel Beats ! received generally positive reviews by critics . The integration of various individual elements together , such as musical performances , humor and action , was commended in one review but panned in another , saying that the story was overloaded with too many elements . P.A.Works was praised for the animation of the action sequences and attention to detail with the weapons used . A major flaw noted by critics , however , is that the anime is too short , which leaves many of the characters with untold back-stories . The anime was selected as a recommended work by the awards jury of the 14th Japan Media Arts Festival in 2010 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
00e06ac6318831eba8d08a719a890e4d | The Hunger Games did not have the third-largest opening weekend gross in North America. | [
{
"docid": "f7a142e617674dcfc1ada61cac5681bd",
"text": "The Hunger Games (film) The Hunger Games is a 2012 American dystopian science fiction adventure film directed by Gary Ross and based on the novel of the same name by Suzanne Collins . It is the first installment in The Hunger Games film series and was produced by Nina Jacobson and Jon Kilik , with a screenplay by Ross , Collins , and Billy Ray . The film stars Jennifer Lawrence , Josh Hutcherson , Liam Hemsworth , Woody Harrelson , Elizabeth Banks , Lenny Kravitz , Stanley Tucci , and Donald Sutherland . The story takes place in a dystopian post-apocalyptic future in the nation of Panem , where boys and girls between the ages of 12 and 18 must take part in the Hunger Games , a televised annual event in which the `` tributes '' are required to fight to the death until there is only one survivor . Katniss Everdeen ( Lawrence ) volunteers to take her younger sister 's place . Joined by her district 's male tribute , Peeta Mellark ( Hutcherson ) , Katniss travels to the Capitol to train for the Hunger Games under the guidance of former victor Haymitch Abernathy ( Harrelson ) . Development of The Hunger Games began in March 2009 when Lions Gate Entertainment entered into a co-production agreement with Color Force , which had acquired the rights a few weeks earlier . Collins collaborated with Ray and Ross to write the screenplay . The screenplay expanded the character of Seneca Crane to allow several developments to be shown directly to the audience and Ross added several scenes between Crane and Coriolanus Snow . The main characters were cast between March and May 2011 . Principal photography began in May 2011 and ended in September 2011 , with filming taking place in North Carolina . The Hunger Games was shot entirely on film as opposed to digital . The film was released on March 21 , 2012 , in some European countries and in the US on March 23 , 2012 , in both conventional theaters and digital IMAX theaters . Japan received it last , on September 28 . When the film released , it set records for opening day ( $ 67.3 million ) and opening weekend for a non-sequel . At the time of its release , the film 's opening weekend gross ( $ 152.5 million ) was the third-largest of any movie in North America . It is the first film since Avatar to remain in first place at the North American box office for four consecutive weekends . The film was a massive box-office success by grossing over $ 694 million worldwide against its budget of $ 78 million , making it the third-highest-grossing film in the United States and ninth-highest-grossing worldwide of 2012 . It was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on August 18 , 2012 . With 7,434,058 units sold , the DVD was the best-selling DVD of 2012 . A sequel , The Hunger Games : Catching Fire , was released on November 22 , 2013 , in the United States . The Hunger Games received positive reviews from critics , with praise for its themes and messages , as well as Jennifer Lawrence 's portrayal of Katniss , though there was criticism of the film 's use of shaky cam in the action sequences . Like the novel , the film has been noted for its similarities to other works , such as Robert Sheckley 's short story `` Seventh Victim '' and its Italian film adaptation The 10th Victim , the Japanese novel Battle Royale and its film adaptation , and the Shirley Jackson short story `` The Lottery '' , with some criticizing The Hunger Games for being derivative of such works . Collins stated in an interview that her novel and screenplay drew on sources of inspiration such as the myth of Theseus , Roman gladiatorial games , reality television , and the desensitization of viewers to media coverage of real-life tragedy and war , not to think as just an audience member , `` Because those are real people on the screen , and they 're not going away when the commercials start to roll . '' The song `` Safe & Sound '' won a Grammy Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song . For her performance , Lawrence won the Saturn Award for Best Actress , the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress in an Action Movie , the Empire Award for Best Actress and was also nominated for the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6",
"text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4",
"text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ddc5067964842a84d37bac79c4a8319b",
"text": "Discount theater Discount theaters , also known as dollar theatres , dollar movies , second-run theatres , and sub-run theatres , are movie theaters that show motion pictures for reduced prices after the films leave first-run theatres . Originally , they would receive 35mm films after they had been shown already at first run theaters ; therefore the film quality would be lower because the film was worn by dozens of showings , and the audience for the film would be reduced since it had been released weeks or months before . At the time , VHS was just rising as an affordable home video technology . Consequently , budget-conscious film-goers might wait for a film to hit the local dollar house instead of paying more money to see the film first-run . As the 21st century dawned , a pair of factors conspired to drive many discount theatres out of business : 1 ) an oversupply of American movie screens caused by ambitious overbuilding allowed films to stay longer in the first-run theatres , and 2 ) the delay between theatrical release and VHS or DVD release continued to shrink . This latter factor convinced many moviegoers that it was simply not worth the money , hassle , and possible encounters with noisy fellow patrons and sticky floors , meaning dollar theatres could be in the twilight of their existence .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6b622f3dc01fda937c880cf3fb8f93a6",
"text": "Frozen (franchise) Frozen is a Disney media franchise started by the 2013 American animated feature Frozen , which was directed by Chris Buck and Jennifer Lee from a screenplay by Lee and produced by Peter Del Vecho , with songs by Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez . Walt Disney Animation Studios ' chief creative officer John Lasseter served as the film 's executive producer . The original film was inspired by the Hans Christian Andersen fairy tale `` The Snow Queen '' . Since the film 's release in November 2013 , the franchise has expanded very rapidly . To date , the franchise includes various Disney theme park attractions , merchandise , video games , books , a Disney on Ice show , and a short animated film . Disney has also announced that it is working on a Broadway stage musical adaptation , an animated film sequel , and a new book series . In November 2014 , TheStreet.com explained that `` Frozen is no longer a movie , it 's a global brand , a larger than life franchise built around products , theme parks and sequels that could last into the next century '' . Boxoffice '' chief analyst Phil Contrino was quoted as saying `` it 's become massive '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d7f2e59ed6c245de271cb923012b4615",
"text": "Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos Warcraft III : Reign of Chaos is a high fantasy real-time strategy video game developed and published by Blizzard Entertainment , and was released in July 2002 . It is the second sequel to Warcraft : Orcs & Humans , and it is the third game set in the Warcraft fictional universe . An expansion pack , The Frozen Throne , was released in July 2003 . Warcraft III contains four playable races : Humans and Orcs , both of which had previously appeared in Warcraft : Orcs & Humans and Warcraft II : Tides of Darkness , and two new races , the Night Elves and the Undead . Warcraft IIIs single-player campaign is laid out similarly to that of StarCraft , also by Blizzard Entertainment , being told through all four of the game 's races in a progressive manner . Multiplayer mode allows for play against other players , via the Internet , instead of playing against computer-controlled characters as is done in the single-player custom game mode . The game shipped 4.5 million units to retail stores and over one million units sold within a month . Warcraft III won many awards including `` Game of the Year '' from more than six different publications .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "00a47f45a8903ab372e4f8938ed1c815",
"text": "List of accolades received by BioShock Infinite BioShock Infinite is a first-person shooter video game developed by Irrational Games and published by 2K Games . Players assume control of Booker DeWitt ( Troy Baker ) , who is sent to rescue Elizabeth ( Courtnee Draper ) from her captivity on the floating air city of Columbia . The game 's development was led by creative director Ken Levine . The game was officially announced on August 12 , 2010 , and was widely anticipated . At the Spike Video Game Awards , it was nominated Most Anticipated Game three times . Following its previews at the Electronic Entertainment Expo , the game won numerous awards , including Best of Show from several gaming publications . It was released worldwide on March 26 , 2013 for Microsoft Windows , PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 . Review aggregator Metacritic assigned the game a normalized score of 94 out of 100 , indicating `` universal acclaim '' , based on 27 and 68 reviews for the Windows and PlayStation 3 versions , respectively ; the Xbox 360 version received 93 out of 100 based on 33 reviews . Within four months of its release , BioShock Infinite sold approximately four million copies , and eleven million by June 2015 . BioShock Infinite garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for its music , story , visual design , characters , and the acting of its cast . At the 17th Annual DICE Awards , the game received six nominations and went on to win two awards : Action Game of the Year , and Outstanding Achievement in Original Music Composition . The game earned four nominations at the 10th British Academy Video Games Awards , winning Original Music . At IGN 's Best of 2013 , the game garnered twenty nominations and went on to win nine awards , including Best Overall Shooter Game and Best Overall Graphics for Art Design . At the 14th Annual Game Developers Choice Awards , BioShock Infinite won Best Audio and Best Visual Art . The game received nine nominations at the Spike VGX , winning Best Shooter , Best Song in a Game and Character of the Year . At the National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards , the game received eleven nominations , with Courtnee Draper winning Supporting Performance in a Drama . The game appeared on several year-end lists of the best games of 2013 , receiving Game of the Year wins from the Associated Press , CNN , Electronic Gaming Monthly , Entertainment Weekly , Forbes , and Games .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "697580c81479770dc6c70a31e36dd7f8",
"text": "B movie A B movie is a low-budget commercial movie , but one that is not an arthouse film . In its original usage , during the Golden Age of Hollywood , the term more precisely identified films intended for distribution as the less-publicized bottom half of a double feature . Although the U.S. production of movies intended as second features largely ceased by the end of the 1950s , the term B movie continues to be used in the broader sense it maintains today . In its post -- Golden Age usage , there is ambiguity on both sides of the definition : on the one hand , the primary interest of many inexpensive exploitation films is prurient ; on the other , many B movies display a high degree of craft and aesthetic ingenuity . In either usage , most B movies represent a particular genre -- the Western was a Golden Age B movie staple , while low-budget science-fiction and horror films became more popular in the 1950s . Early B movies were often part of series in which the star repeatedly played the same character . Almost always shorter than the top-billed films they were paired with , many had running times of 70 minutes or less . The term connoted a general perception that B movies were inferior to the more handsomely budgeted headliners ; individual B films were often ignored by critics . Latter-day B movies still sometimes inspire multiple sequels , but series are less common . As the average running time of top-of-the-line films increased , so did that of B pictures . In its current usage , the term has somewhat contradictory connotations : it may signal an opinion that a certain movie is ( a ) a genre film with minimal artistic ambitions or ( b ) a lively , energetic film uninhibited by the constraints imposed on more expensive projects and unburdened by the conventions of putatively `` serious '' independent film . The term is also now used loosely to refer to some higher-budgeted , mainstream films with exploitation-style content , usually in genres traditionally associated with the B movie . From their beginnings to the present day , B movies have provided opportunities both for those coming up in the profession and others whose careers are waning . Celebrated filmmakers such as Anthony Mann and Jonathan Demme learned their craft in B movies . They are where actors such as John Wayne and Jack Nicholson first became established , and they have provided work for former A movie actors , such as Vincent Price and Karen Black . Some actors , such as Bela Lugosi , Eddie Constantine and Pam Grier , worked in B movies for most of their careers . The term B actor is sometimes used to refer to a performer who finds work primarily or exclusively in B pictures .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "61ecfd2cfddc6e6c45cec165c2b45c2b",
"text": "Hunger in the United Kingdom Chronic hunger has affected a sizable proportion of the UK 's population throughout most of its history . The problem was largely solved with the improved economic conditions that followed World War II . Yet since the lasting global inflation in the price of food that began in late 2006 , and especially since the financial crisis of 2008 , severe hunger has once again began to affect thousands of Britons . By December 2013 , according to a group of doctors and academics writing in The British Medical Journal , hunger in the UK had reached the level of a `` public health emergency '' . In the run up to the 2015 general election , the issue of hunger in the UK became somewhat politicised , with right wing commentators expressing scepticism about figures presented by church groups and left leaning activitists . An All-Party MP group focusing on hunger in the UK has called for activists to be cautious in how they discuss the problem of domestic hunger , as exaggerated claims and political point scoring risk reducing public support for tackling the issue . In a 2016 report , the All-Party group stated it is not possible to accurately quantify the number of people suffering from hunger in the UK , and called for better collection of data . The UK has seen several changes in prevailing attitudes to the problem of hunger and its relief . In the early 19th century , a view arose that it was counter productive to assist those suffering from hunger ; rather people should be left to fend for themselves , which would help them become more self-sufficient and would also assist the free market to deliver prosperity . By the early 20th century this way of thinking had been largely displaced by the humanitarian view that Britons have a moral duty to help the hungry when they are able .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a90aa1415307d4baa4a3f5a05cd5adf8",
"text": "G-Force (film) G-Force is a 2009 American family comedy adventure film produced by Walt Disney Pictures and Jerry Bruckheimer Films . Written by Cormac Wibberley and Marianne Wibberley and directed by Hoyt Yeatman , the film is the directorial debut of Hoyt Yeatman , whose earlier work includes contributions in the area of visual effects . It was released in the United States on July 24 , 2009 . G-Force is based on a story also by Hoyt Yeatman . The film was shown in competing 3-D technologies like Dolby 3D . This is also Jerry Bruckheimer 's first 3-D film . The movie stars Zach Galifianakis , Bill Nighy , and Will Arnett and it features the voices of Sam Rockwell , Tracy Morgan , Penélope Cruz , Nicolas Cage , Steve Buscemi , and Jon Favreau . The film received generally negative reviews , with critics praising its action , but criticizing its plot and character development and it earned $ 292.8 million on a $ 150 million budget .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6d905f49e1fee77347951880192b736f",
"text": "Crowdfunding in video games Video game development has typically been funded by large publishing companies or are alternatively paid for mostly by the developers themselves as independent titles . Other funding may come from government incentives or from private funding . Crowdfunding , where the players of the video games pay to back the development efforts of a game , has become a popular means of finding alternate investment routes . As a way of game monetization , the use of crowdfunding in video games has had a history for several years prior to 2012 , but was not seen as viable and limited to small-scale games . The crowdfunding mechanism for video games received significant attention in February 2012 due to the success of Double Fine Adventure ( later renamed as Broken Age ) , a point-and-click adventure game which raised more than $ 3 million through the Kickstarter service , greatly exceeding the initial $ 400,000 request and becoming the highest funded project through Kickstarter at that time . A further boost to the model was seen in July 2012 when the Ouya , a low-cost video game console to be built on the open Android system and designed to take advantage of the mobile video game trend , surpassed $ 8 million in funding . By mid-2016 , more than $ 186 million has been pledged to video game-related projects through Kickstarter alone . Less than half of video game crowd-funded projects successfully raise their target funds .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2bc181d0dbfac2eb9872f5bccb100943",
"text": "National Games Week National Games Week is an annual event occurring on Thanksgiving week in the U.S.A. Its purpose is to promote forms of socially interactive games . After the primary sponsor of this event ( Games Quarterly magazine ) passed to new owners in March 2007 , the status of the event was in doubt ; however , the continuing organization of this event has been taken over by others and the event will take place as before . The week is the brainchild of Mark Simmons , the former publisher of Games Quarterly magazine . That publication has been recently replaced by Greater Game Industry Catalog , which promotes non-electronic games : Board , card , role-playing , family , general interest , party , miniatures and educational games . In November 2009 , the National Games Week Foundation , inc. was formed as a non-profit corporation for the furtherance of all non-electronic game play , and as a mutual benefit organization supporting all tiers of the game industry .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "15de4fea6d1defb9167a6e11108320bb",
"text": "Cinema of India The cinema of India consists of films produced across India . Cinema as a medium has gained immense popularity in the country and as many as 1,600 films in various languages of India are produced annually . Indian films have also come to be followed throughout South Asia , the Greater Middle East , Southeast Asia and other countries . Dadasaheb Phalke is known as the `` father of Indian cinema '' . The Dadasaheb Phalke Award , for lifetime contribution to cinema , was instituted in his honour , by the Government of India in 1969 , and is the most prestigious and coveted award in Indian cinema . In the 20th century , Indian cinema , along with the Hollywood and Chinese film industries , became a global enterprise . As of 2013 , in terms of annual film output , India ranks first , followed by Nollywood , Hollywood and China . In 2012 , India produced 1,602 feature films . The Indian film industry reached overall revenues of $ 1.86 billion ( 93 billion ) in 2011 . This is projected to rise to $ 3 billion ( 200 billion ) in 2016 . In 2015 , India had a total box office gross of , the fourth largest in the world outside North America . Enhanced technology paved the way for upgrading from established cinematic norms of delivering product , altering the manner in which content reached the target audience . Biopics like Dangal and CGI-laden epics like Baahubali emerged as transnational blockbusters grossing over $ 200 million each in early 21st century . Indian cinema found markets in over 90 countries where films from India are screened . The Indian government extended film delegations to foreign countries such as the United States of America and Japan while the country 's Film Producers Guild sent similar missions through Europe . The provision of 100 % foreign direct investment has made the Indian film market attractive for foreign enterprises such as 20th Century Fox , Sony Pictures , Walt Disney Pictures and Warner Bros. . Indian enterprises such as AVM Productions , Prasad 's Group , Sun Pictures , PVP Cinemas , Zee , UTV , Suresh Productions , Eros Films , Ayngaran International , Pyramid Saimira , Aascar Films and Adlabs also participated in producing and distributing films . Tax incentives to multiplexes have aided the multiplex boom in India . By 2003 as many as 30 film production companies had been listed in the National Stock Exchange of India , making the commercial presence of the medium felt . The South Indian film industry defines the four film cultures of South India as a single entity . They are the Telugu , the Tamil , the Malayalam and the Kannada industries . Although developed independently over a long period , gross exchange of film performers and technicians as well as globalisation helped to shape this new identity . The Indian diaspora consists of millions of Indians overseas for which films are made available both through media such as DVDs and by screening of films in their country of residence wherever commercially feasible . These earnings , accounting for some 12 % of the revenue generated by a mainstream film , contribute substantially to the overall revenue of Indian cinema , the net worth of which was found to be 1.3 billion in 2000 . Music in Indian cinema is another substantial revenue generator with the music rights alone accounting for 4 -- 5 % of the net revenues generated by a film in India .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "db78e203bc4ec780312679f68b51ceb0",
"text": "Motion Picture Association of America film rating system The Motion Picture Association of America ( MPAA ) film rating system is used in the United States and its territories to rate a film 's suitability for certain audiences based on its content . The MPAA rating system is a voluntary scheme that is not enforced by law ; films can be exhibited without a rating , although many theaters refuse to exhibit non-rated or NC-17 rated films . Non-members of MPAA may also submit films for rating . Other media , such as television programs and video games , is rated by other entities such as the ESRB and the TV Parental Guidelines . The MPAA rating system is one of various motion picture rating systems that are used to help parents decide what films are appropriate for their children . It is administered by the Classification & Ratings Administration ( CARA ) , an independent division of the MPAA .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ce1cca31b813e3d384d0448134693a3f",
"text": "Film industry in Georgia (U.S. state) The film industry in Georgia was , in 2015 , the third largest among U.S. states , eclipsed only by California and New York State . The industry in Georgia was boosted substantially by tax incentives introduced in 2002 and strengthened in 2008 . The state government claims $ 770 million in economic impact to Georgia ( 2009 ) , while industry sources claim that the tax subsidy costs the state $ 141 million ( 2010 ) . Atlanta is the center of the film industry in Georgia with Turner , Tyler Perry and EUE/Screen Gems studios located there . There were 348 productions shot in the state in 2009 . Films shot in Georgia include Tyler Perry 's Meet the Browns ( 2008 ) , Life as We Know It ( 2010 ) , and Contagion ( 2011 ) . Atlanta has been called the `` Hollywood of the South '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd",
"text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b259887db7806f3f5e307e88e4cf3659",
"text": "List of accolades received by Star Wars: The Force Awakens Star Wars : The Force Awakens is a 2015 epic space opera film directed , co-produced , and co-written by J. J. Abrams . The seventh installment in the main Star Wars film series , and first of three in Star Wars sequel trilogy , it stars Harrison Ford , Mark Hamill , Carrie Fisher , Adam Driver , Daisy Ridley , John Boyega , Oscar Isaac , Lupita Nyong ` o , Andy Serkis , Domhnall Gleeson , Anthony Daniels , and Max von Sydow . The Force Awakens is set 30 years after Return of the Jedi ; it follows Rey , Finn , and Poe Dameron 's search for Luke Skywalker and their fight alongside the Resistance , led by veterans of the Rebel Alliance , against Kylo Ren and the First Order , a successor group to the Galactic Empire . The Force Awakens was premiered by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures in Los Angeles on December 14 , and was released in United States and Canada on December 18 , 2015 . The Force Awakens opened across 14,300 theaters , breaking numerous box-office records and became the first film to earn more than $ 100 million worldwide in a single day . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 2 billion on a production budget of $ 306 million becoming the highest-grossing release of 2015 , and the fastest film to earn $ 1 billion worldwide , doing so in twelve-days . The Force Awakens became the third film in history to surpass $ 2 billion worldwide ( after Avatar ( 2009 ) and Titanic ( 1997 ) ) , doing so on its 53rd day of release . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 360 reviews and judged 92 percent to be positive . The Force Awakens garnered many awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for Abrams ' direction , its action sequences , visual effects , editing and Ridley 's and Boyega 's performances . Several awards held their nominations before the December release of The Force Awakens , making the film ineligible for the 73rd Golden Globe Awards and some other awards ceremonies . However , the film was added to the 21st Critics ' Choice Awards 's slate of best picture nominees after a special vote by the board of directors , and the announcement of the 2015 American Film Institute Awards was delayed until after the release of film , where it was named one of Top Ten Films of the year . The Force Awakens received five nominations at the 88th Academy Awards as Best Original Score , Best Sound Editing , Best Sound Mixing , Best Film Editing and Best Visual Effects . The film garnered four nominations at 69th British Academy Film Awards , and won for Best Special Visual Effects and a special BAFTA Rising Star Award for John Boyega . At the 21st Empire Awards , the film received nine nominations and won five including Best Sci-Fi/Fantasy Film , and Best Director for J.J. Abrams . The Force Awakens became the most nominated film in Saturn Awards history with total of thirteen nominations at 42nd Saturn Awards and won eight including Best Science Fiction Film , Best Director and Best Special Effects . The film received seven nominations from the Visual Effects Society , winning four including Outstanding Visual Effects in an Effects Driven Feature Motion Picture . Star Wars : The Force Awakens received eleven nominations at MTV Movie Awards , the most for the ceremony and won three including Movie of the Year .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4a913a508bcb016d99cd6c7e4975a6a1",
"text": "Major film studio A major film studio is a production and film distributor that releases a substantial number of films annually and consistently commands a significant share of box office revenue in a given market . In the North American , Western , and global markets , the major film studios , often simply known as the majors , are commonly regarded as the six diversified media conglomerates whose various film production and distribution subsidiaries collectively command approximately 80 to 85 percent of U.S. and Canadian box office revenue . The term may also be applied more specifically to the primary motion picture business subsidiary of each respective conglomerate . The `` Big Six '' majors , whose operations are based in or around the Los Angeles neighborhood of Hollywood , are all centered in film studios active during Hollywood 's Golden Age of the 1930s and 1940s . In three cases -- 20th Century Fox , Warner Bros. , and Paramount -- the studios were one of the `` Big Five '' majors during that era as well . In two cases -- Columbia and Universal -- the studios were also considered majors , but in the next tier down , part of the `` Little Three '' . In the sixth case , Walt Disney Studios was an independent production company during the Golden Age ; it was an important Hollywood entity , but not a major . Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer , United Artists , and RKO were majors . Today , Disney is the only member of the Big Six whose parent entity is still located near Los Angeles ( actually , on Disney 's studio lot and in the same building ) . The five others report to conglomerates headquartered in New York City , Philadelphia , and Tokyo . Of the Big Six , Paramount is the only one still based in Hollywood , and Paramount and Fox are the only ones still located within the Los Angeles city limits , while Disney and Warner Bros. are located in Burbank , Columbia in Culver City , and Universal in the unincorporated area of Universal City . Most of today 's Big Six control subsidiaries with their own distribution networks that concentrate on arthouse pictures ( e.g. Fox Searchlight Pictures ) or genre films ( e.g. Sony 's Screen Gems ) ; several of these specialty units were shut down or sold off between 2008 and 2010 . The six major studios are contrasted with smaller production and/or distribution companies , which are known as independents or `` indies '' . The leading independent producer/distributors -- Lionsgate Films , The Weinstein Company , and former major studio Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer -- are sometimes referred to as `` mini-majors '' . From 1998 through 2005 , DreamWorks SKG commanded a large enough market share to arguably qualify it as a seventh major , despite its relatively small output . In 2006 , DreamWorks was acquired by Viacom , Paramount 's corporate parent . In late 2008 , DreamWorks once again became an independent production company ; its films were distributed by Disney 's Touchstone Pictures until 2016 , at which point distribution switched to Universal . The Big Six major studios are today primarily backers and distributors of films whose actual production is largely handled by independent companies -- either long-running entities or ones created for and dedicated to the making of a specific film . The specialty divisions often simply acquire distribution rights to pictures in which the studio has had no prior involvement . While the majors still do a modicum of true production , their activities are focused more in the areas of development , financing , marketing , and merchandising . Those business functions are still usually performed in or near Los Angeles , even though the runaway production phenomenon means that most films are now mostly or completely shot on location at places outside Los Angeles . Since the dawn of filmmaking , the U.S. major film studios have dominated both American cinema and the global film industry . U.S. studios have benefited from a strong first-mover advantage in that they were the first to industrialize filmmaking and master the art of mass-producing and distributing high-quality films with broad cross-cultural appeal . Today , the Big Six majors routinely distribute hundreds of films every year into all significant international markets ( that is , where discretionary income is high enough for consumers to afford to watch films ) . It is very rare , if not impossible , for a film to reach a broad international audience on multiple continents and in multiple languages without first being picked up by one of the majors for distribution .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "af492998021ac84b2b18cda76cc3973f",
"text": "Fictional universe of The Hunger Games The Hunger Games universe is a fictional world appearing in The Hunger Games trilogy written by Suzanne Collins . It consists primarily of the fictional nation of Panem , its Capitol where the totalitarian government resides , and the outlying districts , numbered 1 to 12 , each with a different economy . In addition , there is the secretive District 13 , where a rebel force is building strength . The Hunger Games themselves are an annual event in which citizens from the districts , selected through a process called `` reaping '' , are forced to participate in a battle to the death . The universe also contains fictional flora and fauna , such as the Mockingjay , a bird whose mimicry is used as a plot device , and after whom the third book in the series is named .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "95194b35264b13ce4c641a37cf05894f",
"text": "Gladiators of Rome (2012 film) Gladiators of Rome ( Italian : Gladiatori di Roma ) , also known as Not Born to Be Gladiators and referred to in marketing as Gladiators of Rome 3D , is a 2012 Italian computer-animated comedy film produced by Rainbow CGI and released by Medusa Film . It is directed by Iginio Straffi , and was opened in Italy on October 2012 and was later released across Europe and the Americas . Produced on a budget of $ 45 million , it is one of the most expensive Italian films ever made . The film grossed between $ 10 million and $ 50 million worldwide .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aa06bf9fc7ba5619a3f0f67b83196f05",
"text": "Midwest Independent Film Festival The Midwest Independent Film Festival is the nation 's only film festival solely dedicated to the Midwest filmmaker . Only films from the eight-state Midwest region of Illinois , Indiana , Iowa , Michigan , Minnesota , Missouri , Ohio and Wisconsin are considered for screening . This film festival is also unique in that it is held throughout the year , presenting audiences with the finest independent films from the Midwest every first Tuesday of the month . The Midwest Independent Film Festival prides itself on showcasing emerging directors , powerful artistic visions , and strong cinematic stories . These exceptional films combine with an exciting social atmosphere and a state-of-the-art screening venue to create one of the premier festivals in the Midwest . The Midwest Independent Film Festival is hosted every first Tuesday of the month at Chicago 's Landmark Century Centre Cinema of Landmark Theatres . Sponsors include Resolution Digital Studios , Zacuto , Fletcher Chicago , Orbit Media Studios , O'Connor Casting , Flashpoint The Academy of Media Arts and Sciences , Zipcar , The Chicago Film Office , The Illinois Film Office , Zaroban Design , Crunch Fitness , Getty Images , Screen Magazine and Kodak . This festival is sometimes referred to as `` The Midwest Film Festival , '' `` The Midwest Indie , '' or simply `` The Midwest . ''",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
d6982cd0ca47a1e5efec7b8222f9fca1 | Whoopi Goldberg is a person of color. | [
{
"docid": "71f52e9028bca3a7d083d4bc5b94bfb8",
"text": "Whoopi Goldberg Caryn Elaine Johnson ( born November 13 , 1955 ) , known professionally as Whoopi Goldberg ( -LSB- ˈwhʊpi -RSB- ) , is an American actress , comedian , author and television host . She has been nominated for 13 Emmy Awards for her work in television and is one of the few entertainers who have won an Emmy Award , a Grammy Award , an Oscar , and a Tony Award . She was the second black woman in the history of the Academy Awards to win an acting Oscar . In the period drama film The Color Purple ( 1985 ) , her breakthrough role was playing Celie , a mistreated black woman in the Deep South , for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress . In the romantic fantasy film Ghost ( 1990 ) , Goldberg played Oda Mae Brown , an eccentric psychic who helped a slain man ( Patrick Swayze ) save his lover ( Demi Moore ) , for which she won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress . In 1992 , she starred as a pretend nun in the comedy Sister Act . From 1998 to 2002 , she was co-producer of the television game show Hollywood Squares . Since 2007 , she has been the moderator of the daytime television talk show The View .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "af1080b43b867e805f7444b7f6f90ce7",
"text": "The Theater Offensive The Theater Offensive is a Boston-based theatrical organization dedicated to the production of queer works . The Theater Offensive was founded in 1989 by Abraham Rybeck `` to present the diversity of lesbian , gay , bisexual , and transgender lives in art so bold it breaks through personal isolation , challenges the status quo , and builds thriving communities . '' The Theater Offensive mounts and produces festivals and individual productions by national and local queer performers , and also serves as a development environment for new theatrical work . In addition , The Theater Offensive works to build community through education , outreach , and political activism . The Theater Offensive has expanded throughout its history . The True Colors OUT Youth Theater troupe concentrates on producing dramatical works produced by young , queer artists . Up until the summer of 2008 , its `` A Street Theater Named Desire '' , a guerrilla AIDS activist theater troupe , enters gay cruising grounds and presents performances that promote safe sex and AIDS education . The Theater Offensive produces an annual Out on the Edge Festival of Queer Theater , which showcases new performing arts works by queer artists from around the world . It has been held each fall since its inception in 1992 . True Colors : Out Youth Theater , a program of The Theater Offensive and the country 's largest and longest-running lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender and queer ( LGBTQ ) youth theater program , received the 2016 National Arts and Humanities Youth Program Award from First Lady Michelle Obama , for its effectiveness in promoting learning and life skills in young people through the arts by engaging them in creative youth development programming . The National Arts and Humanities Youth Program Award is the nation 's highest honor for youth arts programs , and True Colors , which was established in 1994 , is the first LGBTQ organization in history to receive this award .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e44e0d07e24ea19d593662bb71bffb0f",
"text": "Psychology of disenfranchisement The Psychology of Disenfranchisement is a theory developed by Rex Briggs while studying minority groups at social research firm Yankelovich Partners . Originally published by Yankelovich Partners , Grant Lukenbill 's book , Untold Millions , applied the theory to help explain marketing opportunities to gays and lesbians . In Brigg 's original research , he observed higher levels of stress , skepticism and self-protection needs among minority groups . The psychology of disenfranchisement theory suggests that there are three components that drive the psychology of disenfranchisement : alienation , cynicism and perceived victimization . These components interact and intensify each other . Alienation , Briggs argues , may be due to negative perceptions , stereotypes and discrimination condoned and practiced by the dominant culture . The perception of separation from the mainstream culture can create severe stress and can be considered the impetus for the psychology of disenfranchisement . Cynicism is one of the inevitable offshoots of alienation , resulting in the conviction that things will go wrong , that harm is to be expected . It involves a sense that the institutions of society ( from which one is alienated ) are not only remote , but inimical . Victimization is the feeling the develops out of the perception of intentional or unintentional undeserved mistreatment by other individuals , organizations , or institutions . Victimization is a logical outgrowth of feelings of cynicism and alienation from the dominant culture . The perceived victimization legitimizes and justifies the cynicism , and over time this cycle can become entrenched , thereby increasing the feelings of alienation . The resulting needs include : self-understanding ( recognition of and respect for one 's individuality ) , association ( a sharing of occasions with `` people like me '' ) , security ( emotional , social and psychical ) , independence , stress relief ( self-indulgence , escapism ) . All the Rage : The Story of Gay Visibility in America cites Briggs ' psychology of disenfranchisement theory as a launching point to discuss how advertising can offer inclusion in its messaging , so as to resonate better . In 2006 , Steven Andrew Culpepper summarized Dubois 1903 book , Sols of Black Folk as capturing the essence of a double-consciousness , a paradoxical experience of deep psychic atrocity tracing from slavery , `` while the American experience resonates with a hopeful ethos characterized by universality of equality and justice for all . '' Culpepper applies this same psychology of disenfranchisement to women , `` that were severely excluded from its rights and privileges in society that touts equality and justice . '' A more literal use of the concept , `` psychology of disenfranchisement '' has been applied by Keven Lanning where he examines the consequences to both the person and the community when individuals do not have equal access , or equal voices , at the polls .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ec8319d05f94bd524e6c8d5eb53e396e",
"text": "Pinko Pinko is a slang term coined in 1925 in the United States to describe a person regarded as being sympathetic to communism , though not necessarily a Communist Party member . It has since come to be used , derogatorily , to describe anyone perceived to have leftist or socialist sympathies . The term has its origins in the notion that pink is a lighter shade of red , a color associated with communism . Thus pink could describe a `` lighter form of communism '' , purportedly promoted by supporters of socialism who were not themselves actual or `` card carrying '' communists . The term pinko has a pejorative sense , whereas ` pink ' in this definition can be used in a purely descriptive sense , such as in the term pink tide .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3361c32fad3bc1747a00c5b436e8b9df",
"text": "Black people Black people is a term used in certain countries , often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity , to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other given populations . As such , the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within societies , and depends significantly on context . For many other individuals , communities and countries , `` black '' is also perceived as a derogatory , outdated , reductive or otherwise unrepresentative label , and as a result is neither used nor defined . Different societies apply differing criteria regarding who is classified as `` black '' , and these social constructs have also changed over time . In a number of countries , societal variables affect classification as much as skin color , and the social criteria for `` blackness '' vary . For example , in North America the term black people is not necessarily an indicator of skin color or ethnic origin , but is instead a socially based racial classification related to being African American , with a family history typically associated with institutionalized slavery . In the United Kingdom , `` black '' was historically equivalent with `` person of color '' , a general term for non-European peoples . In South Africa and Latin America , mixed-race people are generally not classified as `` black '' . In other regions such as Australasia , settlers applied the term `` black '' or it was used by local populations with different histories and ancestral backgrounds .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "40914657c865e0884464a91fcda3b7f1",
"text": "Black Like Who? Black Like Who ? is Rinaldo Walcott 's first book . It was published in 1997 by Insomniac Press in Toronto . This book came out of Walcott 's PhD research which focused on rap music and culture . The essays in Black Like Who ? demonstrate Walcott 's expanded interest concerning the theorizing of Black Canada more generally . The titles of essays included in this compilation will indicate the breadth of Walcott 's scholarly engagement with themes related to the Black Canadian experiences and expressions : Introduction : Writing Blackness After ... `` Going to the North '' : The Limit of Black Diasporic Discourse ( s ) `` A Tough Geography '' : Towards a Poetics of Black Space ( s ) in Canada The Politics of Third Cinema in Canada : Reading the Narrative of Clement Virgo 's Rude `` Keep on Movin ' '' : Rap , Black Atlantic Identities and the Problem of Nation `` No Language is Neutral '' : The Politics of Performativity in M. Nourbese Philip 's and Dionne Brand 's Poetry Black Subjectivities : Ethnicity , Race and the Politics of Film in Canada Scattered Speculations on Canadian Blackness ; Or , Grammar for Black Several of these essays have been published or republished in other sources .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e327ed7762f8ddcf32e376103a8a1a98",
"text": "Grass Green Richard Eugene `` Grass '' Green ( May 7 , 1939 -- August 5 , 2002 ) was an African American cartoonist notable for being the first black participant in both the 1960s fan art movement and the 1970s underground comics movement . In the 1960s , Green 's Harvey Kurtzman-like zany , action-packed , humorous comics parodies appeared in numerous fanzines . His `` outrageous '' 1970s and 1980s underground work used searing humor to expose America 's racism and bigotry .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7188ff2357e0697c9ddaab5b5fbfc3cc",
"text": "Pickaninny Pickaninny ( also picaninny , piccaninny or pickinniny ) is an American-slang term which refers to a depiction of dark-skinned children of African descent . It is a racist and derogatory caricature , whose meaning and usage grew to fruition in the antebellum American south , where race-based slavery was legal . It is a pidgin word form , which may be derived from the Portuguese pequenino ( a diminutive version of the word pequeno , `` little '' ) . In modern sensibility , the term implies a caricature which can be used in a derogatory and racist sense . According to the scholar Robin Bernstein , who describes the meaning in the context of the United States , the pickaninny is characterized by three qualities : `` the figure is always juvenile , always of color , and always resistant if not immune to pain '' . These three qualifiers demonstrate the dehumanizing nature of the pickaninny caricature and are reflective of the predominantly colonial society in which its use was popularised , where Portuguese values predominated .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bd8500b8aa1a954db590f1b14b3b30ff",
"text": "N*gger Wetb*ck Ch*nk: The Race Play N * GGER WETB * CK CH * NK , also known as N * W * C , is a comedy stage production co-written by Rafael Agustin , Allan Axibal , Miles Gregley , Liesel Reinhart and Steven T. Seagle and originally performed by Rafael Agustin , Miles Gregley and Allan Axibal . This play , part of the SPEAK Theater Arts , LLC company 's repertoire , uses a combination of theater , stand-up comedy , hip hop , slam poetry , and real-life stories to take on racial slurs , stereotypes and the concept of race itself . The show debuted in the Spring of 2004 , written and performed by three former UCLA students : Agustin ( the `` W '' ) , Gregley ( the `` N '' ) , and Axibal ( the `` C '' ) . The show quickly became a success in Los Angeles and has been touring throughout the United States , being performed at colleges , theaters and performing art centers across the country . N * W * C exclusive booking representation is David Lieberman Artists ' Representatives ( dlartists.com ) . The show opens with a catchy chant that bombards the audience with stereotypes and words that often make people uncomfortable to speak . Allan Axibal first comes on stage neatly dressed as the `` model minority '' and gets the chant started . He is followed by Rafael Agustin dressed as a cholo in his bandana , muscle shirt and pleated pants , who expands on the chant . Lastly , Miles Gregley struts out in full pimp attire , complete with a feathered hat . As they chant racial slurs , they are able to captivate and amuse their audience . However , the play is not just about jokes and laughs ; rather , it aims to strip these very racial slurs of their pejorative power . The three actors have insisted `` their point was not to exacerbate racial tensions or divisions , but to drive home that there is only ONE race , the human race . The show traces the origins and evolution of three derogatory terms that shaped our lives . In doing this show we hope to de-power these words for ourselves and for our audiences . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2515e428e74602e63d8ae8c57c9add14",
"text": "Nieca Goldberg Nieca Goldberg ( born October 21 , 1957 ) is an American medical doctor , a practicing cardiologist , a senior executive in the health care industry , an associate professor in medicine , an author , and a weekly radio show host . The American College of Cardiology , describes Goldberg as a `` clinical innovator '' and `` a nationally recognized pioneer in women 's heart health . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aa5539fba090563418b53c361dd9f2bb",
"text": "East Harlem East Harlem , also known as Spanish Harlem or El Barrio , is a neighborhood of Upper Manhattan , New York City roughly encompassing the area north of the Upper East Side and East 96th Street up to about the 140s , east of Fifth Avenue to the East and Harlem Rivers . It lies within Manhattan Community District 11 . Despite its name , it is generally not considered to be a part of Harlem . The neighborhood is one of the largest predominantly Latino communities in New York City , mostly made up of Puerto Ricans , as well as sizeable numbers of Dominican , Cuban and Mexican immigrants . It includes the area formerly known as Italian Harlem , in which the remnants of a once predominantly Italian community remain . The Chinese population has increased dramatically in East Harlem since 2000 . East Harlem has historically suffered from many social issues , such as the highest jobless rate in New York City , teenage pregnancy , AIDS , drug abuse , homelessness , and an asthma rate five times the national average . It has the second highest concentration of public housing in the United States , closely following Brownsville , Brooklyn . Police services to the neighborhood are divided between the 23rd and the 25th Precincts . Conversely , East Harlem is notable for its contributions to Latin freestyle and salsa music . However , East Harlem is now undergoing some gentrification . In February 2016 , East Harlem was one of four neighborhoods featured in an article in The New York Times about `` New York 's Next Hot Neighborhoods '' . Beginning in 2016 , the New York City government was seeking to rezone East Harlem `` to facilitate new residential , commercial , community facility , and manufacturing development . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2eb038aba46a8618514233fac6d1f668",
"text": "Freddie Lee Peterkin Freddie Lee Peterkin , also known as Freddie Lee , is a published author , singer -- songwriter , actor and ordained interdenominational Minister , born in Pahokee , Florida . He is known for his gritty power soul vocals reminiscent of Bobby Womack . He has become an artist of public note through his 2008 independent release of the Soul and Gospel album Beyond Comprehension under the recording name of Freddie Lee . He made his prime time acting debut as `` DJ Freddie Murphy '' on Channel 4 's T4 Stars & Strikes and as a character in BBC2 's Grumpy Guide to Work in 2011 . He was also the voice for Bewiser Owl in the Bewiser Insurance TV commercial in 2012 and 2013 . He established himself in the live entertainment industry with his choreographed costume Soul Tribute stage productions for theatres and resorts in 1991 . These critically acclaimed shows include The Sounds of the Four Tops , The Sounds of the Drifters and The Sounds of the Temptations . Freddie Lee Peterkin is also a member of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity , Delta Psi Chapter a Fraternity known for members such as Martin Luther King . This historic organization was the first inter-collegiate Greek-letter organization established for Black college students founded on December 4 , 1906 . Peterkin was responsible for composing many Delta Psi Chapter fraternity anthems such as ' I Know I 've Been Changed ' written in 1985 while he was pledging . He was also a dancer and choreographer of the Delta Psi Chapter 's ` Step Shows ' . Stepping ( African-American ) or step-dancing is a form of percussive dance in which the participant 's entire body is used as an instrument to produce complex rhythms and sounds through a mixture of footsteps , spoken word , and hand claps and a strong part of Black Greek Letter Fraternities . Peterkin is the son of migrant workers originally from Georgia who came to Florida to pick crops for a living . He is of African and Seminole Indian heritage . His stepfather , James Elijah Jr. , was the lead vocalist of the 1960s and 1970s gospel group , The Royal Lights . His sister Breyona Elijah is part of the gospel group James Smith & Nu Birth and they are both cousins of Gospel group Damali . His mother Bernice Bell is also a singer and as a child won a competition to write a song for Joe Tex , for which she was awarded concert tickets and a chance to meet her idol . Joe Tex went on to have a major hit with the song but Bernice remained uncredited . Bernice Bell has been more recently recognized for her charity work and ran youth programs in Pahokee 's Padgett Island Community Center for 17 years and donating hot meals to Pahokee 's underprivileged children . The community center was recently renamed `` The Bernice Bell Community Center '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e79dbd186dbe4bd7550d0ac7f223936a",
"text": "Oscar Martinez (The Office) Oscar San Juan Martinez is a fictional character from the US mockumentary-style television series The Office played by Cuban actor Oscar Nunez . Martinez was one of the few openly gay characters in broadcast television at the time that the series aired . Although Nunez , who is straight , did not know his character might be gay when he first signed on , he has no issues with the character 's sexuality as long as the material is funny . For the 2006 -- 2007 season , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation ( GLAAD ) reported he was the only LGBT ( lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender ) person of color character on a regular series . For the 2007 -- 2008 season he was the `` only remaining gay character on a half-hour comedy program '' and the only LGBT lead or supporting character who is a person of color . For the 2009 -- 2010 season , Martinez was one of four people of color LGBT regular series characters ; in 2010 -- 2011 there were six and in 2011 -- 2012 there were five.Along with doctor Callie Torres on Grey 's Anatomy , and gay nurse Angel Garcia on Mercy , Martinez are Latino/a , and forensic facial reconstruction artist Angela Montenegro on Bones , is an Asian-Pacific Islander . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's 14th Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2009-2010 Primetime Television Season , Taj Paxton , Jonathan Rosales , Callan Koenig , Brian MacKough , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) For the 2009-2010 season there are zero black LGBT series regular characters and one non-human , American Dad 's Roger the alien on Fox . For the 2009-2010 season , LGBT media watchdog group Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation ( GLAAD ) reported 3 percent of all regular characters were LGBT . ( Gay Characters on Network TV : 2009-10 , Hanh Nguyen and Rick Porter , Los Angeles Times , ) An increase from 2.6 percent in the 2008-2009 season and 1.1 percent in the 2007-2008 season . ( Gay Characters on Network TV : 2009-10 , Hanh Nguyen and Rick Porter , Los Angeles Times , ) For the 2010-2011 season there were six LGBT people of color characters . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2010-2011 Primetime Television Season , Taj Paxton , Matthew Kane , Lauren Mattia , Rob Avruch , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) For the 2011-2012 season there were five LGBT people of color characters . ( Where we are on TV : GLAAD 's Annual Diversity Study Previews the 2011-2012 Primetime Television Season , September 2011 , Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation . ) Martinez is an accountant at the Scranton , Pennsylvania , office of the paper distribution company Dunder Mifflin and gets his first name from Núñez ; series producer Greg Daniels felt that `` Oscar '' sounded like a good accountant 's name . He is a first-generation Mexican American . He is also openly gay after being outed by his then boss Michael Scott in `` Gay Witch Hunt '' , the third-season premiere episode devoted to the outing . However , the character was implied to be gay in the second-season episode `` The Secret '' , when Dwight catches him faking sickness to spend the day with his boyfriend ( Dwight remains oblivious to this detail as he was obsessed with proving that Oscar was not ill ) . As a result , in earlier episodes , many co-workers erroneously attribute to him various Mexican stereotypes ( e.g. being involved in drug cartels ) but after his outing , his stereotypes are more focused on his being gay , particularly by Michael , which may explain their conflicted relationship . Núñez explained in a 2008 interview that the character variously feels amusement , pity and hatred towards his fictional boss . He has no specific counterpart in the original British series . Oscar is known for being a rational , quietly efficient , and intellectual worker in the office , often the one who will ask pointed financial questions that his colleagues will not or that Michael avoids answering . Martinez refers to himself as being in the `` Coalition for Reason '' with Jim and Pam Halpert . According to Núñez , the three `` are there to set up the comic situations '' for boss Michael and Dwight Schrute , Michael 's toady . He explained , `` We can still be funny but we are definitely the ` straight guys ' . '' He is often the one who is able to clearly see the reality and logic in situations , including financial ones such as when Michael started up his own paper company or Ryan Howard 's online startup business . Because of this , Oscar is considered to be a know-it-all by many of his co-workers . Oscar is frequently exasperated by the antics of his coworkers and tends to find their humor offensive . He is reserved , not really exhibiting a desire for close contact with any of his co-workers , although he is friendly when not outwardly pedantic . In an AfterElton.com interview , Núñez explained he plays the character like an accountant , who happens to be gay , and just trying to do his work and not really interested in what the documentarians are filming . Actor Núñez references the character as a Log Cabin Republican , though no mention of this has occurred in the show . In the episode `` Dwight Christmas '' , he is in fact openly acknowledged as a Democrat . His more balanced and normal personality makes him an everyman type character , contrasting with the generally extroverted people with whom he works . He 's also a charter member of the company 's three-person ( and exclusive ) `` Finer Things Club '' with Pam and Toby Flenderson . He and co-worker Kevin Malone seem to have a strong friendship with each other , often a dynamic where Oscar is often the calm , rational one while Kevin is the fun-loving one .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2dca54c243359c93622df35bbd13abe0",
"text": "Greek Americans Greek Americans ' ( Ελληνοαμερικανοί , Ellinoamerikanoi '' ) are Americans of full or partial Greek ancestry . About 1.3 million American people are of Greek descent , although there are estimates that raise this number to 3 million , and 321,144 people older than five spoke Greek at home in 2010 . Greek Americans have the highest concentrations in the New York City , Boston , and Chicago regions , but have settled in major metropolitan areas across the United States . In 2000 , Tarpon Springs , Florida was home to the highest per capita representation of Greek Americans in the country ( 11 % ) . The United States is home to the largest overseas Greek community , ahead of Australia , Cyprus , Albania , Canada , Germany , and the United Kingdom .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "374d740beda62a87a46d731ef1df87c8",
"text": "Sumi Haru Sumi Haru ( also known as Sumi Sevilla Haru ; August 25 , 1939 -- October 16 , 2014 ) was an American film and television actress , best known for such films and television shows as Krakatoa , East of Java , MASH , The Beverly Hillbillies and Hill Street Blues . She served as interim president of Screen Actors Guild in 1995 , the first and to-date only woman of color to hold the position . Haru was born Mildred Sevilla in 1939 at Orange , New Jersey to Filipino immigrants . After changing her name to Sumi Haru when launching her acting career , she became involved with the film and television labor movement to address issues concerning the lack of opportunities and roles for Asians . Haru was a board member of the Screen Actors Guild ( SAG ) beginning in 1974 , and also served multiple terms as the national recording secretary and first vice president . Haru was a co-founder of SAG 's Ethnic Employment Opportunities Committee in 1971 and helped negotiate affirmative action clauses into contracts . In 1995 , Haru became a national vice president of the AFL-CIO . Her six-year term as a national vice president marked the first time an Asian American has served on the AFL-CIO 's executive council . She was president and co-founder of the Association of Asian Pacific American Artists , executive board member of the Asian Pacific American Labor Alliance and co-chair of the Rainbow Coalition Commission on Fairness in the Media . In 2009 , Haru was honored with SAG 's Ralph Morgan Award for distinguished service to SAG 's Hollywood Division . Her autobiography , Iron Lotus : Memoirs of Sumi Sevilla Haru ( CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform , October 9 , 2012 ; ISBN 978-1479331536 ) , was published in 2012 . The following year , she was elected for a two-year term as a member of the first elected national board of the merged SAG-AFTRA .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "def16854c54066200366f50229b7012f",
"text": "Nicki Richards Nicki Richards ( born Honolulu , Hawaii , United States on March 24 ) is an American singer , songwriter , producer and actress based in Manhattan , New York City . She is also known as a backing singer for a number of renowned artists and on a big number of studio recordings . Her father was a high-ranking African-American naval officer and her mother , Donna Blackmon , a talented singer . Nicki 's brother , Philip Richards is a singer / musician in his own right and collaborated with her in her works . Nicki Richards had her first public appearances in commercials when she was only 5 . She had her break when she won the Grand Prize on the singing competition Star Search . She consequently recorded and performed for the past several years with Madonna , ( including Confessions Tour , Sticky & Sweet Tour , MDNA Tour and Rebel Heart Tour ) , Mariah Carey , Whitney Houston , Mick Jagger , Michael Jackson , Tina Turner , Gloria Estefan , Celine Dion , Stevie Wonder , Linda Ronstadt , Mary J. Blige , Missy Elliott , Lenny Kravitz , Anastacia , Bette Midler , Maxi Priest , Al Green , The Cover Girls and many more . In 1991 , she released her own debut album Naked ( To the World ) on Atlantic Records written and co-produced by her after being signed to a deal by the legendary Ahmet Ertegun . She followed that up with Nicki in 2008 . She had her acting debut in 1999 in Colorz of Rage directed by Dale Resteghini and in Chicago as part of a female ensemble and in two musical comedies by Robert Klein . She also took part in a number of theater productions Cy Coleman 's Like Jazz in Los Angeles , Jim Steinman 's Over The Top on the East Coast , and the Penumbra Theatre Company 's `` Spunk '' by Zora Neale Hurston and `` Beehive '' both in the Minneapolis/St . Paul area . She performed on the PBS television show `` Between the Lions '' , a puppet educational show . She has also appeared on a number of commercials ( Burger King , Coca Cola and Colgate ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "216e615ceed26414bedd6beabde5b521",
"text": "Cubby Bryant Paul `` Cubby '' Bryant ( born June 1 , 1971 ) is a radio personality , currently working as the morning host at 103.5 WKTU in New York City From 2006-2008 Cubby served as the co-host and sidekick to Whoopi Goldberg on the nationally syndicated morning show Wake Up With Whoopi . Before joining Whoopi Goldberg as co-host of the morning show , Bryant was at crosstown sister station WHTZ serving as their Afternoon Drive Disc Jockey and Music Director . Bryant began his radio career in his hometown of Virginia Beach , VA at WGH-FM ( 97 Star ) in 1988 , there was where he inherited his current radio name Cubby ( a name given to him by WGH DJ 's Tony Macrini and Jeff Moreau ) for being so young ( at the time 16 ) and in radio . It was a take off of Alabama football coach Paul `` Bear '' Bryant ( no relation ) . Then , Bryant joined 104.1 KRBE in Houston , TX as Night Host and Music Director from 1990-1996 . In 1996 , Bryant began his tenure at WHTZ ( Z100 ) in New York City as Afternoon Drive Host and Music Director . In 2000 , Bryant went around the world with the group Backstreet Boys to promote the release of Black & Blue , the boys traveled around the world in 100 hours to Sweden , Japan , Australia , South Africa , Brazil , and the US ; 55 of the hours were spent traveling and 45 were spent making public appearances . In mid-2006 , Bryant announced he would be leaving WHTZ after a ten-year run with the station to co-host Wake Up With Whoopi . WKTU cancelled Wake Up With Whoopi in November 2007 . In January 2008 , Bryant left Wake Up With Whoopi , still airing in syndication in a few markets , to return to WKTU , this time as the station 's solo morning host . Bryant is a resident of East Brunswick , NJ after moving from New York , NY . He was born and raised in Virginia Beach , Virginia .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "21320181f2aec9ba98b391923d4d8bfb",
"text": "LGBT social movements Lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender , and questioning ( LGBTQ ) social movements are social movements that advocate for the equalized acceptance of LGBT people in society . In these movements , LGBTQ people and their allies have a long history of campaigning for what is now generally called LGBTQ rights , sometimes also called gay rights or gay and lesbian rights . Although there is not a primary or an overarching central organization that represents all LGBT people and their interests , numerous LGBT rights organizations are active worldwide . The earliest organizations to support LGBT rights were formed in the 19th century . A commonly stated goal among these movements is social equality for LGBT people , but there is still denial of full LGBTQ rights . Some have also focused on building LGBT communities or worked towards liberation for the broader society from biphobia , homophobia , and transphobia . There is a struggle for LGBTQ rights today . LGBT movements organized today are made up of a wide range of political activism and cultural activity , including lobbying , street marches , social groups , media , art , and research . Overview Sociologist Mary Bernstein writes : `` For the lesbian and gay movement , then , cultural goals include ( but are not limited to ) challenging dominant constructions of masculinity and femininity , homophobia , and the primacy of the gendered heterosexual nuclear family ( heteronormativity ) . Political goals include changing laws and policies in order to gain new rights , benefits , and protections from harm . '' Bernstein emphasizes that activists seek both types of goals in both the civil and political spheres . As with other social movements there is also conflict within and between LGBT movements , especially about strategies for change and debates over exactly who comprises the constituency that these movements represent , this also applies to changing education . There is debate over to what extent lesbians , gays , bisexuals , transgender people , intersexed people and others share common interests and a need to work together . Leaders of the lesbian and gay movement of the 1970s , 80s and 90s often attempted to hide masculine lesbians , feminine gay men , transgender people , and bisexuals from the public eye , creating internal divisions within LGBT communities . Roffee and Waling ( 2016 ) discovered that LGBTIQ people experience microaggressions , bullying and anti-social behaviours from other people within the LGBTIQ community . This is due to misconceptions and conflicting views as to what entails `` LGBTIQ '' . For example , transgender people found that other members of the community were not understanding to their own , individual , specific needs and would instead make ignorant assumptions , and this can cause health risks . Additionally , bisexual people found that lesbian or gay people were not understanding or appreciative of the bisexual sexuality . Evidently , even though most of these people would say that they stand for the same values as the majority of the community , there are still remaining inconsistencies even within the LGBTIQ community . LGBT movements have often adopted a kind of identity politics that sees gay , bisexual and transgender people as a fixed class of people ; a minority group or groups , and this is very common among LGBTQ communities . Those using this approach aspire to liberal political goals of freedom and equal opportunity , and aim to join the political mainstream on the same level as other groups in society . In arguing that sexual orientation and gender identity are innate and can not be consciously changed , attempts to change gay , lesbian and bisexual people into heterosexuals ( `` conversion therapy '' ) are generally opposed by the LGBT community . Such attempts are often based in religious beliefs that perceive gay , lesbian and bisexual activity as immoral . However , others within LGBT movements have criticised identity politics as limited and flawed , elements of the queer movement have argued that the categories of gay and lesbian are restrictive , and attempted to deconstruct those categories , which are seen to `` reinforce rather than challenge a cultural system that will always mark the nonheterosexual as inferior . '' After the French Revolution the anticlerical feeling in Catholic countries coupled with the liberalizing effect of the Napoleonic Code made it possible to sweep away sodomy laws . However , in Protestant countries , where the church was less severe , there was no general reaction against statutes that were religious in origin . As a result , many of those countries retained their statutes on sodomy until late in the 20th century .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a40e532b77d11423f9554977093158f9",
"text": "Hip Hop Galsen Following an historical process of appropriation of American popular music by Senegal , For e.g. Jazz as well as Latin American music such as salsa or pachanga were popular in Senegalese cities from the 1940s and until recently . Hip Hop emerged in the Senegalese capital city in the early mid - 1980s . Although Hip Hop Galsen is now famous for its diverse musical productions , the movement there spread out from its dancing appeal rather than from its musical one . Indeed , Senegalese hip hop artists initially participated in this movement as smurfer , breakdancer , B-Boy in general performing during organised podiums . Schools , nightclubs and other temporary public stages thus played an essential role in amplifying this movement in Dakar . Besides , and in contrast to American Hip Hop , which grew from the youth in the inner city ghettos , Hip Hop in Dakar began among a somehow middle-class youth who was able to access and/or introduce in their home place new ideas and new cultural expressions coming from abroad . Indeed , Hip Hop became popular in the capital city through the intensive though informal circulation of VH7 cassettes and recorded videos , which were imported from USA ( Africa Bambaataa ) or France ( hip hop dance TV show ` HIPHOP ' animated by Sydney ) by diaspora people . Quickly , podiums enlarged their performances from dancers only to rappers as well . It was a time when soon-to-be hip hop artists were still mimicking American artists they actively used to listen to such Africa Bambaataa , Grandmaster Flash , Furious Five , Delight , Doug E. Fresh or Public Enemy for the most well-known . Indeed , rap , the MC performance , was still then a phonetic repetition , a copycatting of either American rappers or , with Hip Hop booming in France in the 1980s , of French hip hop artists such as Assassin , NTM , IAM or Mc Solaar . Without the real capacity for translating the movement and its expressions in Senegalese terms yet , the mid-1980s in Dakar were however definitively hip hop . And whenever the classical hip hop film Beat Street was circulating in local cinemas , young people were following the movie from showroom to showroom in order to view it again and again and to know by heart the famous lyrics of Grandmaster Flash .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b2ba493a89cfcba51afdb9b9c6e385ec",
"text": "Koreatown Immigrant Workers Alliance The Koreatown Immigrant Workers Alliance 한인타운 노동연대 ( KIWA , pronounced kee-wah ) , also known under its past name Korean Immigrant Workers Advocates 남가주 한인 노동 상담소 , is a multi-ethnic immigrant worker civil rights membership organization based in the Los Angeles Koreatown area . KIWA was founded in 1992 by progressive minded Korean activists who saw class as the basic contradiction of the immigrant communities in Koreatown . It has since been involved in the aftermath of the 1992 Los Angeles Civil Unrest , campaigns to improve working conditions and immigrant worker empowerment in various Korean ethnic industries , the living wages campaign , and Koreatown 's multi-ethnic community developments . KIWA is perhaps best known recently for its long campaign against Assi Market , the largest ethnic Korean-owned supermarket of the United States , located in Koreatown . Started in the late 1990s , KIWA demands that Assi management rehire dozens of fired Latino and Korean workers who were fired for trying to organize a trade union . Although initially staffed mostly by ethnic Koreans , KIWA grew to encompass Asian-Pacific American and Latino organizers and members . The Spanish language `` Alianza de trabajadores inmigrantes del Barrio Coreano '' had been in common use since the early 2000s ; however the English language name was officially changed in March 2006 from Korean Immigrant Workers Advocates to Koreatown Immigrant Workers Alliance . The Korean language '' 한인노동상담소 '' ( Korean Worker 's Center ) has been changed to 한인타운 노동연대 to signify its geographical focus rather than on an ethnic group . KIWA is a member organization of MIWON ( Multi-Ethnic Immigrant Workers Alliance ) , an alliance of four ( formerly five ) immigrant workers ' centers in the Los Angeles area , and ENLACE , a U.S.-Mexico network of workers ' centers .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "18c8ed311b4e08c1dbde784be615dbee",
"text": "Maroon music Maroon Music is a genre involving people of African descent that were not born on the continent creating songs in an African language ( as opposed to their first language ) . It is named after the Maroon ( people ) , African refugees who escaped from slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements . Just as the Maroon people created their own societies in lands foreign to them in attempts to retain their freedom , Maroon music is an attempt by African American artists to reacquire their Mother tongue through writing music in an indigenous African language . Maroon Music subject matter centers around stories about Maroon leaders and other historic freedom fighters of African descent , Maroon groups , peace , unity , and righteousness . In the intro to Maroon music artist , Adetokunbo 's first album `` Maroon Music '' the history of the genre is explained : `` African refugees that escaped slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements were called Maroons . The term can also be applied to their descendants . The same root word also gives us the English verb `` to maroon '' . When runaway slaves banded together and subsisted independently they were called Maroons . On the Caribbean islands , runaway slaves formed bands and on some islands formed armed camps . Maroon communities faced great odds to survive against oppressive attackers , obtain food for subsistence living , and to reproduce and increase their numbers . There is much variety among Maroon cultural groups because of differences in history , geography , African nationality , and the culture of indigenous people throughout the Western hemisphere . Maroon settlements sometimes developed creole languages by mixing European tongues with their original African languages . Other times the Maroons would adopt the local European language as a common tongue , for members of the community frequently spoke a variety of Mother Tongues . What you are about to hear is a family 's journey to reacquire their Mother Tongue through song . Their goal is to reacquire that which was lost in the Middle Passage . Let this music , Maroon Music , serve as their testament to freedom in a world that has nothing but contempt for the self liberated . '' Maroon music is less concerned with the perfection and fluency of speech of the African language but more with the exercise of learning and improving communication , while providing subtitles and written keys in English so that others will understand the message attempting to be conveyed by the artist . As pidgin English is noted as `` is a simplified version of a language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common Pidgin , Maroon music employs the pidginization or Creolization of African languages as a simplified means for African Americans to communicate with indigenous Africans . For this reason , key 's and subtitles in Maroon Music videos are an essential component for conveying intended meaning to both indigenous Africans and those born abroad . The Maroons are a number of diverse peoples in the Caribbean , South America , North America and Central America , the descendants of escaped slaves . The Seminole music tradition of the United States is an example , as are numerous communities in Jamaica , Suriname and French Guiana . The Surinamese , Guyanese , and French Guianan escaped slaves managed to hide in the dense jungles of the area , and formed communities like the Aluku , Saramaka and Ndjuka . Their traditional sung stories are called mato , and there is also a kind of popular Maroon music called aleke . Traditional dances include awasa , a women 's social dance . The Jamaican Maroons are known for instruments like the abeng , a kind of horn .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
a82362f109815955be7983b8de24f989 | Dangerously in Love was only released by the Beatles. | [
{
"docid": "cce646e46f1415f7ee921896dd03266b",
"text": "Dangerously in Love Dangerously in Love is the debut studio album by American singer Beyoncé . It was released on June 24 , 2003 , by Columbia Records and Music World Entertainment . During the recording of Destiny 's Child 's third studio album Survivor ( 2001 ) , the group announced that they would produce solo albums to be released . Recording sessions for the album took place from March 2002 to March 2003 at several studios , during the hiatus of her then-group Destiny 's Child . As executive producer of the album , Beyoncé took a wider role in its production , co-writing a majority of the songs , choosing which ones to produce and sharing ideas on the mixing and mastering of tracks . The tracks in the album are a mixture of uptempo songs and ballads , which are basically inspired by R&B and soul genres ; it also features elements of hip hop and Arabic music . Although Beyoncé remained discreet about her interpretation of the songs , its underlying meanings were attributed by music writers as an allusion to her intimate relationship with then-boyfriend and well-known music mogul Jay-Z . Dangerously in Love received positive reviews from music critics upon its release , with critics praising Knowles ' `` artistic leap '' . The album also received numerous accolades , earning Beyoncé five Grammy Awards . Dangerously in Love reached a worldwide commercial success , earning multi-platinum certifications in Australia , the United Kingdom , and the United States . The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 317,000 copies in its first week , earning Beyoncé the highest debut sales among Destiny 's Child members ' solo albums . Dangerously in Love has sold over 11 million copies worldwide and has produced two number one Billboard singles and multiple top tens .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "33bb4f94ee29446918dab63d64a4080b",
"text": "Really Love You `` Really Love You '' is a song written by Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr -- their first-ever shared credit -- and originally released on McCartney 's 1997 album Flaming Pie . In 2005 , a remixed version was released as a limited edition 12 '' vinyl , from the album Twin Freaks . The song was written during a jam session the day after McCartney and Starr recorded `` Beautiful Night '' , another song on Flaming Pie that features Starr on drums .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3a0136a2e0176f722b720a1d15a97d5e",
"text": "In My Life (George Martin album) In My Life is a 1998 album compiled and produced by Sir George Martin . The CD is composed almost entirely of cover versions of The Beatles songs which George Martin produced originally .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7ca01053d3f9cad2671b895cee50e328",
"text": "The Beatles' 1965 UK tour The Beatles ' 1965 tour of the United Kingdom was a concert tour that took place between 3 and 12 December 1965 , comprising 18 shows at nine venues across England , Scotland and Wales . It coincided with the release of the Beatles ' studio album Rubber Soul and their double A-side single `` Day Tripper '' / `` We Can Work It Out '' , and was the final UK tour undertaken by the band . Weary of Beatlemania , the group conceded to do the tour but refused to also perform a season of Christmas concerts as they had done over the 1963 -- 64 and 1964 -- 65 holiday seasons .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "24eb0cce6cf6fd8c34eb1ea959aec17a",
"text": "Come and Get It: The Best of Apple Records Come and Get It : The Best of Apple Records is a greatest hits compilation album containing songs by artists signed to the Beatles ' Apple record label between 1968 and 1973 . The first such multi-artist Apple compilation , it was released on 25 October 2010 . Among the artists are Badfinger , Mary Hopkin , James Taylor , Billy Preston , Jackie Lomax , Ronnie Spector and Hot Chocolate . In most cases , the recordings were produced by one of the Beatles , with George Harrison and Paul McCartney being the most heavily represented on the album .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5784460fab954607c55204fad19a555b",
"text": "The Family Way (soundtrack) The Family Way is a soundtrack recording composed by Paul McCartney , released in January 1967 . The album is the soundtrack to the 1966 film of the same name , directed by Roy Boulting and starring Hayley Mills . Produced and arranged by George Martin , the album was credited to `` The George Martin Orchestra '' and issued under the full title The Family Way ( Original Soundtrack Album ) . A 45rpm single , again credited to the George Martin Orchestra , was issued on 23 December 1966 , comprising `` Love in the Open Air '' backed with `` Theme From ` The Family Way ' '' , as United Artists UP1165 . The Family Way won an Ivor Novello Award in 1967 . It was remastered and released on CD in 1996 with new musical compositions not on the original 1967 soundtrack album . The recording took place over November and December 1966 , before the Beatles began work on their album Sgt. Pepper 's Lonely Hearts Club Band . McCartney 's involvement in the project was minimal , according to biographer Howard Sounes , who quotes Martin 's recollection that he had to `` pester Paul for the briefest scrap of a tune '' with which to start writing the score . After McCartney had provided `` a sweet little fragment of a waltz tune '' , Martin continued , `` I was able to complete the score . '' Although The Family Way was released in January 1967 , most commentators consider George Harrison 's Wonderwall Music ( 1968 ) , also a film soundtrack , to be the first solo album by a member of the Beatles . Unlike with McCartney 's film score , Harrison directed and produced the recordings for Wonderwall Music , in addition to playing on some of the album . Following a 2003 CD reissue in mono , in 2011 a new remastered version of the soundtrack was released by Varese Vintage that featured the original 1967 score by Paul McCartney in the original sequence , remastered from the original first generation stereo master tapes , and included the unreleased stereo mix of `` A Theme From The Family Way '' as a bonus track , which had appeared originally as the B-side of the 1966 UK/US 7-inch single by the Tudor Minstrels .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e33dacfc1e536b51c4cca24199c2993e",
"text": "A Hard Day's Night (film) A Hard Day 's Night is a 1964 British musical comedy film directed by Richard Lester and starring the Beatles -- John Lennon , Paul McCartney , George Harrison , and Ringo Starr -- during the height of Beatlemania . It was written by Alun Owen and originally released by United Artists . The film portrays several days in the lives of the group . The film was a financial and critical success . Time magazine rated it as one of the all-time great 100 films . British critic Leslie Halliwell described it as a `` comic fantasia with music ; an enormous commercial success with the director trying every cinematic gag in the book '' and awarded it a full four stars . The film is credited as being one of the most influential of all musical films , inspiring numerous spy films , the Monkees ' television show and pop music videos .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4e40385d7979fe2224a8b24d83f2ecc9",
"text": "All for the Beatles `` All for the Beatles '' is a song written and released in 1964 by Harry Nilsson and John Marascalco . It was released as a single with the alternative title `` Stand Up and Holler '' under Nilsson 's pseudonym Foto-Fi Four and was packaged with a synchronized standard 8 mm film of The Beatles first arriving in the United States in 1964 . The rhythm of `` All for the Beatles '' is similar to that of `` Not Fade Away '' , a Buddy Holly cover by The Rolling Stones , which was also based on Bo Diddley 's song `` Bo Diddley '' . The song , which preempted the later friendship and collaboration of Nilsson with The Beatles , was not a commercial success , but the single became a sought-after collectible . A cover version was later released as `` All for the Beatles ( Stand Up and Holler ) '' by The Originals .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5d92b2cd291824a03c2b20bf4d8a85a2",
"text": "We Can Work It Out `` We Can Work It Out '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles , written by Paul McCartney and John Lennon . It was first issued as a double A-side single with `` Day Tripper '' in December 1965 . The release marked the first time that both tracks on a Beatles single were designated as joint A-sides . The song was recorded during the sessions for the band 's Rubber Soul album . `` We Can Work It Out '' is a comparatively rare example of a Lennon -- McCartney collaboration from this period in the Beatles ' career , in that it recalls the level of collaboration the two songwriters had shared when writing the group 's hit singles of 1963 . This song , `` A Day in the Life '' , `` Baby , You 're a Rich Man '' and `` I 've Got a Feeling '' , are among the notable exceptions .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dbb3ec52ed29e2e727c9a664b95402a7",
"text": "I'm Too Sexy `` I 'm Too Sexy '' is the debut song by British group Right Said Fred . The single peaked at number two on the UK Singles Chart . Outside the United Kingdom , `` I 'm Too Sexy '' topped the charts in six countries , including Australia , Ireland , and the United States . The single equalled the record for the most weeks at number two on the UK Singles Chart without ever topping the chart , staying at number two for six weeks in a row while held back by Bryan Adams ' '' ( Everything I Do ) I Do It for You '' ( this equalled the previous record set by Father Abraham 's 1978 hit `` The Smurf Song '' ) . `` I 'm Too Sexy '' was the act 's first of several hits , particularly in the United Kingdom . They went on to have a number one single on the UK Singles Chart with `` Deeply Dippy '' in April 1992 . In April 2008 , the song was rated No. 49 on `` The 50 Worst Songs Ever ! Watch , Listen and Cringe ! '' by Blender . In 2007 , the song was voted No. 80 on VH1 's 100 Greatest Songs of the 90s . In 2011 , it was voted No. 2 on VH1 's 40 Greatest One-Hit Wonders of the 90s .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e960b943ccdcb03e148819fb0f937403",
"text": "Red Rose Speedway Red Rose Speedway is the second album by Paul McCartney and Wings and the fourth by McCartney since leaving the Beatles . The album was released in 1973 after the relatively weak commercial performance of McCartney 's previous , Wild Life , which had been credited to Wings . Red Rose Speedway reached No. 1 on the Billboard 200 chart in the United States and `` My Love '' was a No. 1 single and the most popular track from the album .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "35ea72822fcc112c787f47d5d37daaff",
"text": "The Beatles (TV series) The Beatles is an American animated television series featuring representations of the popular English rock band of the same name . It ran from 1965 to 1969 on ABC in the U.S. ( only 1965 to 1967 was first run ; later transmissions were reruns ) . The series debuted on September 25 , 1965 and ended on September 7 , 1969 . A total of 39 episodes were produced . The series was shown on Saturday mornings at 10:30 AM EST until the 1967 third season when it was moved to 12:00 PM EST. . For the fourth season , which consisted of reruns , the series was shown at 9:30 AM EST on Sunday mornings . Each episode has a name of a Beatles song , so the story is based on its lyrics and it is also played at some time in the episode . The original series was rebroadcast in syndication by MTV in 1986 and 1987 and on the Disney Channel beginning in 1989 on Fridays at 5 PM . The series was a historical milestone as the first weekly television series to feature animated versions of real , living people .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5b08539795926ea0051f8f8ea48d7990",
"text": "I Just Can't Stop It I Just Ca n't Stop It is the debut album by UK 2 tone band The Beat . The album was released in 1980 via Go Feet Records in the UK . It was released the same year in the US on I.R.S. Records under the band name `` The English Beat '' . Well received from the start , publications such as Rolling Stone raved that the music was `` wild and threatening , sexy and sharp . '' AllMusic later said '' -LSB- it -RSB- was a stunning achievement '' , which has been undiminished by time . The song `` Mirror in the Bathroom '' featured in the films Grosse Pointe Blank ( 1997 ) and in RocknRolla ( 2008 ) , while the song `` Hands Off ... She 's Mine '' featured in the film 50 First Dates ( 2004 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9d837b8f1a48b8e3ca01f03485efad86",
"text": "Eleanor Rigby `` Eleanor Rigby '' is a song by the Beatles , released on the 1966 album Revolver and as a 45 rpm single . It was written primarily by Paul McCartney , and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . The song continued the transformation of the Beatles from a mainly rock and roll - and pop-oriented act to a more experimental , studio-based band . With a double string quartet arrangement by George Martin and striking lyrics about loneliness , `` Eleanor Rigby '' broke sharply with popular music conventions , both musically and lyrically . Richie Unterberger of Allmusic cites the band 's `` singing about the neglected concerns and fates of the elderly '' on the song as `` just one example of why the Beatles ' appeal reached so far beyond the traditional rock audience '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6984ceab56e94097680ae48572c70f9d",
"text": "What Goes On (Beatles song) `` What Goes On '' is a song by the Beatles , featured as the eighth track on their sixth British album Rubber Soul . The song was later released as the B-side of the US single `` Nowhere Man '' , and then as the tenth track on the North America-only album Yesterday and Today . It is the only song by the band credited to Lennon -- McCartney-Starkey .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fe9761c0b629832c4a69965e2acb6339",
"text": "Blue Jay Way `` Blue Jay Way '' is a song recorded by the English rock band the Beatles . Written by George Harrison , it was released in 1967 on the group 's Magical Mystery Tour EP and album . The song was named after a street in the Hollywood Hills of Los Angeles where Harrison stayed in August 1967 , shortly before visiting the Haight-Ashbury district of San Francisco . The lyrics document Harrison 's wait for music publicist Derek Taylor to find his way to Blue Jay Way through the fog-ridden hills , while Harrison struggled to stay awake after the flight from London to Los Angeles . As with several of Harrison 's compositions from this period , `` Blue Jay Way '' incorporates aspects of Indian classical music , although the Beatles used only Western instrumentation on the track , including a drone-like Hammond organ part played by Harrison . Created during the group 's psychedelic period , the track makes extensive use of studio techniques such as flanging , Leslie rotary effect , and reversed tape sounds . The song appeared in the Beatles ' 1967 television film Magical Mystery Tour , in a sequence that visually re-creates the sense of haziness and dislocation evident on the recording . While some reviewers have dismissed the song as monotonous , many others have admired its yearning quality and dark musical mood . The website Consequence of Sound describes `` Blue Jay Way '' as `` a haunted house of a hit , adding an ethereal , creepy mythos to the City of Angels '' . Among its continued links with Los Angeles , the song was one of the first Beatles tracks that cult leader Charles Manson adopted as the foundation for his Helter Skelter theory of an American race-related countercultural revolution . Artists who have covered the song include Bud Shank , Colin Newman , Tracy Bonham , Siouxsie and the Banshees and Greg Hawkes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3b403484521a5e879481e0f2ce9acd3e",
"text": "The Beatles' Christmas records The Beatles ' Christmas records were spoken and musical messages from English rock group The Beatles that were posted out on flexi disc at Christmas time to members of their official fan-clubs in the United Kingdom and the United States . One such record was issued each year from 1963 to 1969 and an LP compilation of all seven in 1970 . Conceived as a means to appease fan-club members whose letters , due to their sheer volume , were not always being answered in a timely manner , the records included the Beatles ' messages of thanks to `` loyal Beatle people '' , along with skits , Christmas carols , and original compositions . None of the original recordings has ever been subject to general release , though a version of `` Christmas Time ( Is Here Again ) '' , an original composition which appeared in edited form on the 1967 record , eventually gained an official release in 1995 , as part of The Beatles Anthology project .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "88389568aaedbbbf849d07898c8f5d6f",
"text": "Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road , recorded on 28 July 2005 , was a live concert given by Paul McCartney at Abbey Road Studios , specifically Studio 2 , where many of The Beatles ' recordings were made . Chaos and Creation at Abbey Road was meant as a promotion for McCartney 's album Chaos and Creation in the Backyard . As the audience was of close friends and selected fans , the concert was intimate in nature and was littered with monologues and song fragments . It was shown on BBC Two in the United Kingdom on 17 December 2005 , and on PBS in the United States on 27 February 2006 as part of the performing arts series Great Performances . McCartney plays left-handed and right-handed guitars , drums , harmonium , double bass , Mellotron , and even wine glasses in a reworking of the Wings song `` Band on the Run '' . He also reworks the Beatles ' track `` Lady Madonna '' , which he calls `` Old Lady in New Clothes '' , with a much slower tempo and a swung melody line . The bass McCartney uses on his performance of `` Heartbreak Hotel '' once belonged to Bill Black , Elvis Presley 's bass player who died in 1965 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "af4800a91aef91711ec5b3a280054d1b",
"text": "List of million-selling singles in the United Kingdom A million-selling single is regarded by the Official Charts Company ( OCC ) as one that has sold at least 1 million copies since the start of the UK Singles Chart in November 1952 . As well as a traditional purchase of a physical record , a sale can represent one permanent digital download of a track ( physical singles usually consist of two songs , although both are only included in sales figures for double A sides or where both receive a high level of interest and airplay ) . Both British Phonographic Industry ( BPI ) - certified awards ( Silver , Gold and Platinum ) and the weekly charts now include audio streaming but these are not included in the sales figures published by the OCC . Certified awards can also include shipments ( sales to trade ) . The OCC and Music Week regularly announce when a record becomes a million seller . , 167 singles have sold 1 million copies in the UK . Of these , 108 were originally released in the 20th century ( 70 of them selling 1 million before the year 2000 ) and the remainder were released between 2000 and 2014 . The most recently released single to become a million-seller is `` Uptown Funk '' by Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars , which was released in December 2014 and passed a million sales ten weeks later in February 2015 . Bing Crosby 's `` White Christmas '' is the earliest release : originally 1942 , although only sales from 1952 onwards are counted . The year in which the most million-sellers were released is 2011 , with twelve ; while a record 36 releases from both the 1990s and the 2010s have sold a million copies . Only two million sellers have failed to reach the top 5 on the UK Singles Chart : Snow Patrol 's `` Chasing Cars '' and Journey 's `` Do n't Stop Believin ' '' , both of which peaked at number 6 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8b0b1041bcb60cf3075268aecfab44ce",
"text": "Hey Jude `` Hey Jude '' is a song by the English rock band the Beatles , written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon -- McCartney . The ballad evolved from `` Hey Jules '' , a song McCartney wrote to comfort John Lennon 's son , Julian , during his parents ' divorce . `` Hey Jude '' begins with a verse-bridge structure incorporating McCartney 's vocal performance and piano accompaniment ; further instrumentation is added as the song progresses . After the fourth verse , the song shifts to a fade-out coda that lasts for more than four minutes . `` Hey Jude '' was released in August 1968 as the first single from the Beatles ' record label Apple Records . More than seven minutes in length , it was at the time the longest single ever to top the British charts . It also spent nine weeks at number one in the United States , the longest for any Beatles single . `` Hey Jude '' tied the `` all-time '' record , at the time , for the longest run at the top of the US charts . The single has sold approximately eight million copies and is frequently included on professional critics ' lists of the greatest songs of all time . In 2013 , Billboard named it the 10th biggest song of all time .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d274ce0861ebf8bce32fcb86260e0d37",
"text": "Beatlemania in the United Kingdom The phenomenon known as Beatlemania originated in the United Kingdom , birthplace of the Beatles , when the band first realised enormous popularity there in 1963 . Returning in 1962 from a highly formative two-year residency in Germany , the Beatles achieved a commercial breakthrough with their second UK single release , `` Please Please Me '' early in 1963 , but gained `` Superstar '' status with the release of `` She Loves You '' later that year . There followed an almost non-stop series of concerts and tours , attended with feverish enthusiasm across the UK , for the whole of the following year . The Beatles ' popularity in the UK came to exceed even that of the notable American artists Tommy Roe , Chris Montez and Roy Orbison , whose UK chart success at the time did not keep them from being overshadowed by the Beatles during their 1963 nationwide tours with the lower-billed band -- an achievement previously unknown for a UK act . With intense media interest in the Beatles during 1963 , the year was also taken up with TV shows , press interviews and a weekly radio show . Despite these demands the band found time for many sessions in the recording studio , releasing two albums and four singles during the year . 1963 was also the year when Lennon 's son Julian was born . By the end of 1963 , Beatlemania would begin to spread internationally . The single `` I Want to Hold Your Hand '' entered the US charts on 18 January 1964 , selling one-and-a-half million copies in under three weeks , and the following month the Beatles made their first visit to America . The great interest in the Beatles brought about a major change in US attitudes to popular music and marked the start of the phenomenon known as the British Invasion .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
54817b6f95494551d2b8c2f0be066af6 | Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them came out in 3D. | [
{
"docid": "0bdee5b859d51bd172871f39d902b6fb",
"text": "Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (film) Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them is a 2016 fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . A spin-off of the Harry Potter film series , it was produced and written by J. K. Rowling , in her screenwriting debut , and inspired by her book of the same name . Set in 1926 New York , the film stars Eddie Redmayne as Newt Scamander with Katherine Waterston , Dan Fogler , Alison Sudol , Ezra Miller , Samantha Morton , Jon Voight , Carmen Ejogo , Ron Perlman and Colin Farrell in supporting roles . It is the first instalment in the Fantastic Beasts series , and the ninth overall in J. K. Rowling 's Wizarding World , the franchise that began with the Harry Potter films . Principal photography began at Warner Bros. . Studios , Leavesden , England in August 2015 and was completed in January 2016 . Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them premiered in New York City on 10 November 2016 and was released worldwide on 18 November 2016 in 3D , IMAX 4K Laser and other large format cinemas . The film received positive reviews from critics and grossed $ 814 million worldwide , making it the eighth highest-grossing film of 2016 . The film was nominated for five BAFTAs , winning for Best Production Design , as well as two Academy Awards , winning Best Costume Design , becoming the first film in J.K. Rowling 's Wizarding World to win an Academy Award .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "a563751c7347799544281762a74480a2",
"text": "Revenge of the Creature Revenge of the Creature ( also known as Return of the Creature and Return of the Creature from the Black Lagoon ) is the first sequel to Creature from the Black Lagoon , being the only 3-D film released in 1955 and the only 3-D sequel to a 3-D film released during `` the golden age of 3-D '' . Directed by Jack Arnold , the film stars John Agar and Lori Nelson . This was Clint Eastwood 's film debut . Revenge of the Creature premiered in Denver on March 23 , 1955 and a 2-D sequel , The Creature Walks Among Us , followed it in 1956 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c12cad832ff42c27ba52f98e9e0ae3aa",
"text": "The Prince of Egypt The Prince of Egypt is a 1998 American animated epic musical drama film and the first traditional animated film produced and released by DreamWorks . The film is an adaptation of the Book of Exodus and follows the life of Moses from being a prince of Egypt to his ultimate destiny to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt . Directed by Brenda Chapman , Steve Hickner , and Simon Wells , the film features songs written by Stephen Schwartz and a score composed by Hans Zimmer . The voice cast consists of Val Kilmer in a dual role , Ralph Fiennes , Michelle Pfeiffer , Sandra Bullock , Jeff Goldblum , Danny Glover , Patrick Stewart , Helen Mirren , Steve Martin , and Martin Short . Jeffrey Katzenberg had frequently suggested an animated adaptation of the 1956 film The Ten Commandments while working for The Walt Disney Company , and he decided to put the idea into production after founding DreamWorks in 1995 . To make this inaugural project , DreamWorks employed artists who had worked for Walt Disney Feature Animation and the recently disbanded Amblimation , totaling a crew of 350 people from 34 different nations . The film has a blend of traditional animation and computer-generated imagery , created using software from Toon Boom Animation and Silicon Graphics . Theatrically released on December 18 , 1998 , and on home video on September 14 , 1999 , reviews were generally positive , with critics praising the animation , music , and voice work . The film went on to gross over $ 218 million worldwide in theaters , which made it the most successful non-Disney animated feature at the time . The film 's success led to the direct-to-video prequel Joseph : King of Dreams ( 2000 ) and the development of a stage adaptation . The song `` When You Believe '' became a commercially successful single in a pop version performed by Whitney Houston and Mariah Carey , and went on to win Best Original Song at the 1999 Academy Awards .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2d564bc792adb755d14874abd6899e66",
"text": "Sonic Generations Sonic Generations is a platform video game developed by Sonic Team and published by Sega for PlayStation 3 , Xbox 360 and Microsoft Windows . The Nintendo 3DS version of the game was developed by Dimps . The game commemorates the 20th anniversary of the Sonic the Hedgehog series , and was released in North America , Europe and Australia in November 2011 , and in Japan the following month . In 2012 , the game was made available for digital download on the PlayStation Network and Xbox 360 Games on Demand services , as well as on the Nintendo eShop the following year . Sonic Generations follows Sonic and his sidekick Miles `` Tails '' Prower , who team with their past selves as they attempt to restore the space-time continuum after it is torn apart by an entity known as the Time Eater . The game features two gameplay modes : `` Classic '' , which plays from a 2.5 D side-scrolling perspective like that of the original Sega Genesis Sonic games , and `` Modern '' , 3D levels similar to those found in Sonic Unleashed and Sonic Colors . Each location and boss in the game is one previously seen in an earlier entry in the series , with the game including numerous other references to past titles in the series . The console versions of Sonic Generations received positive reviews from critics , who praised its graphics , gameplay , and homages to past Sonic games , although criticism was directed at the game 's short length and occasional framerate issues ; the 3DS version received a more mixed reception . The game was also a commercial success , selling over 1.85 million copies across all platforms by May 2012 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "241c5584bafcb4fa9074b612100161a6",
"text": "Tomorrowland (film) Tomorrowland ( subtitled A World Beyond in some regions ) is a 2015 American science-fiction mystery adventure film directed and co-written by Brad Bird . Bird co-wrote the film 's screenplay with Damon Lindelof , from an original story treatment by Bird , Lindelof and Jeff Jensen . The film stars George Clooney , Hugh Laurie , Britt Robertson , Raffey Cassidy , Tim McGraw , Kathryn Hahn and Keegan-Michael Key . In the film , a disillusioned genius inventor and a teenage science enthusiast embark to an ambiguous alternate dimension known as `` Tomorrowland '' where their actions directly affect the world and themselves . Walt Disney Pictures originally announced the film in June 2011 under the working title 1952 , and later retitled it to Tomorrowland , after the futuristic themed land found at Disney theme parks . In drafting their story , Bird and Lindelof took inspiration from the progressive cultural movements of the Space Age , as well as Walt Disney 's optimistic philosophy of the future , notably his conceptual vision for the planned community known as EPCOT . Principal photography began in August 2013 , with footage shot in British Columbia , Alberta , Florida , and Spain with second unit filming in France , California and the Bahamas . Tomorrowland was released in conventional and IMAX formats on May 22 , 2015 , and was the first theatrical film to be released in Dolby Vision and Dolby Cinema . Upon its release , the film received mixed reviews from critics ; earning praise for its original premise , musical score , action , visuals , and themes , but criticism in regards to the screenplay 's uneven writing and tone . The film grossed $ 209 million worldwide against a total production and marketing cost of $ 330 million , losing Disney $ 120 -- 140 million .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "64fe90046d77d40550dff87344aa0ead",
"text": "Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs Ice Age : Dawn of the Dinosaurs is a 2009 American computer animated comedy adventure film produced by Blue Sky Studios . It is the third installment in the Ice Age series and the sequel to Ice Age : The Meltdown ( 2006 ) . It was directed by Carlos Saldanha and co-directed by Mike Thurmeier . Ray Romano , John Leguizamo , Denis Leary and Queen Latifah reprise their roles from the first two films , with Simon Pegg joining them in the role of a weasel named Buck . The story has Sid being taken by a female Tyrannosaurus after stealing her eggs , leading the rest of the herd to rescue him in a tropical lost world inhabited by dinosaurs beneath the ice . The film was released on July 1 , 2009 by 20th Century Fox . It was the first Ice Age film and the first 20th Century Fox 's film to be released in 3D . Despite receiving mixed reviews from critics , it ranked at the time as the second-highest-grossing animated film of all time , earning $ 886.7 million worldwide . A sequel , titled Ice Age : Continental Drift , was released in 2012 , and another film , titled Ice Age : Collision Course , was released in 2016 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "063d595e784a0b807d56eb51232d2466",
"text": "Shark 3D Shark 3D is a 3D software program and engine developed by Spinor for creating and running interactive virtual 3D worlds . It is used for video games , films , animated series , broadcasting graphics , and 3D industry applications . Shark 3D is mainly used for developing video games ( similar to a Game engine ) , producing films and TV series , creating broadcast graphics , and developing 3D applications .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8f20407451dc8c08ab4beaca168e3543",
"text": "Kirby's Dream Land 2 Kirby 's Dream Land 2 , known as in Japan , is a platforming video game developed by HAL Laboratory and published by Nintendo for the Game Boy handheld video game console . It was first released in Japan on March 21 , 1995 , and was later released in North America on May 1 , 1995 . It was released in Europe on July 31 , 1995 . Kirby 's Dream Land 2 continues the adventures of Kirby from Kirby 's Dream Land and Kirby 's Adventure , adding three animal friends to aid Kirby in battle . It can be played on the Super Game Boy , and gives slight changes to the game , such as adding a custom color scheme , a special game border , and a few new sound effects . Kirby 's Dream Land 2 was slated to be remade for the Game Boy Color as Kirby 's Dream Land 2 DX , but was cancelled along with Metroid II : Return of Samus DX . The original game was re-released on the 3DS Virtual Console in Japan on February 15 , 2012 , in PAL regions in May 17 , 2012 , and in North America on August 1 , 2013 . Kirby 's Dream Land 2 is also included in the Kirby 20th Anniversary Wii disc Kirby 's Dream Collection .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b9cd889f8e62a1e10b30e7415019f4c3",
"text": "Hayao Miyazaki is a Japanese film director , producer , screenwriter , animator , author , and manga artist . Through a career that has spanned over five decades , Miyazaki has attained international acclaim as a masterful storyteller and as a maker of anime feature films and , along with Isao Takahata , co-founded Studio Ghibli , a film and animation studio . Born in Bunkyō , Tokyo , Miyazaki began his animation career in 1963 when he joined Toei Animation . From there , Miyazaki worked as an in-between artist for Gulliver 's Travels Beyond the Moon , where he pitched ideas that eventually became the film 's ending . Hayao Miyazaki was also associated with Tokyo Movie Shinsha . He co-directed Lupin III with Isao Takahata , provided the screenplay and key animation for Panda ! Go Panda ! , provided key animation for the first episode of Tokyo Giants , provided the original concept for Jungle Kurobe , provided the director role for Lupin III : Tales of the Wolf , provided key animation for the Ulysses 31 pilot in conjunction with Diffusion Information Communication , provided the director role for The New Adventures of Zorro , provided key animation for the Inspector Gadget pilot , and provided the chief director role for season 1 of Sherlock Hound . He continued to work in various roles in the animation industry with various studios until he directed his first feature film , The Castle of Cagliostro , a Lupin the Third story , released in 1979 . After the success of his next film , Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind ( 1984 ) , he co-founded Studio Ghibli , where he continued to produce many feature films . While Miyazaki 's films have long enjoyed both commercial and critical success in Japan , he remained largely unknown to the West until Miramax Films released Princess Mononoke in 1997 . Princess Mononoke was briefly the highest-grossing film in Japan until it was eclipsed by another 1997 film , Titanic , and it became the first animated film to win Picture of the Year at the Japanese Academy Awards . Miyazaki 's next film , Spirited Away ( 2001 ) , won Picture of the Year at the Japanese Academy Awards , and was the first anime film to win an American Academy Award . Miyazaki 's films often contain recurrent themes , like humanity 's relationship with nature and technology , and the difficulty of maintaining a pacifist ethic . His films ' protagonists are often strong girls or young women . While two of his films , The Castle of Cagliostro and Castle in the Sky , involve traditional villains , his other films like Nausicaä and Princess Mononoke present morally ambiguous antagonists with redeeming qualities . He co-wrote films The Secret World of Arrietty , released in July 2010 in Japan and February 2012 in the United States ; and From Up on Poppy Hill released in July 2011 in Japan and March 2013 in the United States . Miyazaki 's newest film The Wind Rises was released on July 20 , 2013 and screened internationally in February 2014 . The film would go on to earn him his third American Academy Award nomination and first Golden Globe Award nomination . Miyazaki announced on September 1 , 2013 that The Wind Rises would be his final feature-length movie . In November 2014 , Miyazaki was awarded an Honorary Academy Award for his impact on animation and cinema . He is the second Japanese filmmaker to win this award , after Akira Kurosawa in 1990 . In 2002 , American film critic Roger Ebert suggested that Miyazaki may be the best animation filmmaker in history , praising the depth and artistry of his films .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "825f10cd66a1d507c801b6f952b1b08f",
"text": "F.E.A.R. F.E.A.R. First Encounter Assault Recon is a survival horror first-person shooter video game developed by Monolith Productions and published by Sierra Entertainment . It was released on October 17 , 2005 , for Microsoft Windows , and ported by Day 1 Studios to the Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 . Timegate Studios has released two expansion packs , F.E.A.R. Extraction Point in October 2006 , and F.E.A.R. Perseus Mandate in November 2007 . A direct sequel titled F.E.A.R. 2 : Project Origin , was released in February 2009 , and a second sequel , F. 3 . A.R. , was released in June 2011 , though it was developed by Day 1 Studios ( now known as Wargaming Chicago-Baltimore ) , not by Monolith Productions . The game 's story revolves around a supernatural phenomenon , which F.E.A.R. -- a fictional special forces team -- is called to contain . The player assumes the role of F.E.A.R. 's Point Man , who possesses superhuman reflexes , and must uncover the secrets of a paranormal menace in the form of a little girl . F.E.A.R. was well received by critics , scoring 89 % on GameRankings , and The New York Times calling it `` as thrilling and involving as Half-Life . '' A `` Director 's Edition '' DVD version of the game was also released . The DVD included a `` Making of '' documentary , a director 's commentary , a short live-action prequel and the exclusive first episode of the promotional P.A.N.I.C.S. machinima . A related Dark Horse comic book was also packaged with the DVD . Along with the Director 's Edition , F.E.A.R. Gold Edition was released . Gold Edition included the Director 's Edition and Extraction Point . F.E.A.R. Platinum Edition features the original game and two expansion packs .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fef0fa53454cb91fbfc801d9d4cad8a2",
"text": "Walking with Dinosaurs (video game) Walking with Dinosaurs ( or Wonderbook : Walking with Dinosaurs ) is a 2013 augmented reality video game developed by Supermassive Games in collaboration with the BBC , as part of the resurgence of the Walking with Dinosaurs brand spearheaded by the feature film . It was released in Europe on 13 November 2013 , and in North America on 12 November 2013 , alongside Diggs Nightcrawler and Book of Potions .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a7512ebb030fc56583a0f553f03dd4c4",
"text": "Enchanted (film) Enchanted is a 2007 American live-action/animated musical fantasy romantic comedy film , produced by Walt Disney Pictures with New York Academy Barry Sonnenfeld and Josephson Entertainment . Written by Bill Kelly and directed by Kevin Lima , the film stars Amy Adams , Patrick Dempsey , James Marsden , Timothy Spall , Idina Menzel , Rachel Covey , and Susan Sarandon . The plot focuses on Giselle , an archetypal Disney Princess , who is forced from her traditional animated world of Andalasia into the live-action world of New York City . Enchanted was the first Disney film to be distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures , instead of Buena Vista Pictures Distribution . The film is both a homage to , and a self-parody of , Disney 's animated features , making numerous references to Disney 's past works through the combination of live-action filmmaking , traditional animation , and computer-generated imagery . It marks the return of traditional animation to a Disney feature film after the company 's decision to move entirely to computer animation in 2004 . Composer Alan Menken and lyricist Stephen Schwartz , who had written songs for previous Disney films , produced the songs of Enchanted , with Menken also composing its score . The animation sequences were produced at James Baxter Animation in Pasadena . Filming of the live action segments took place around New York City . It premiered on October 20 , 2007 , at the London Film Festival before its wide release on November 21 , 2007 , in the United States . Enchanted was well-received critically , established Adams as a leading lady , and earned more than $ 340 million worldwide at the box office . It won three Saturn Awards , including Best Fantasy Film and Best Actress for Adams . Enchanted also received two nominations at the 65th Golden Globe Awards and three Best Original Song nominations at the 80th Academy Awards .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "56e8ace63f8d1e1bd26f0b94a1750a06",
"text": "Alien Adventure Alien Adventure is a science fiction/slapstick comedy 3D film in IMAX format released in 1999 by nWave Pictures , written and directed by Ben Stassen . The movie was rated G ( or the local equivalent ) in most countries . It was the first fully digital feature-length film produced for a large-screen format .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0cbb2a651abea3d66f86aecba51077df",
"text": "SANDDE SANDDE is a software and hardware system , developed primarily by IMAX Corporation , designed to create hand-drawn , stereoscopic 3D animation content . SANDDE is an acronym for `` Stereoscopic ANimation Drawing DEvice '' and is a play on the Japanese term for `` 3D '' , which is pronounced `` San-D '' . The concept of SANDDE is to enable artists to draw and animate in three-dimensional space . It is intended to be intuitively usable , like a pencil . As an art form , SANDDE incorporates aspects of drawing , painting , sculpture and puppetry . Unlike most other 3D computer graphic animation tools , SANDDE does not require the construction of mathematically defined models . The main input device is a `` wand '' which allows the user to create drawings in the air . Animators sit in virtual stereoscopic theaters and , using a specialized `` wand , '' draw in space to create individual frames and then animate their creations using the interactive capabilities of the wand to create shots , sequences , and complete movies . SANDDE was originally developed by IMAX in the mid-1990s , and was used to create one IMAX short ( Paint Misbehavin -LSB- 1997 -RSB- ) and portions of two other IMAX feature films : Mark Twain 3D ( 1999 ) and Cyberworld ( 2000 ) . Thereafter , IMAX stopped active development of the system but provided licenses for use and future development to the National Film Board of Canada for artistic experimentation and to Janro Imaging Laboratory to explore commercial use of the application . The former has used SANDDE in numerous stereoscopic productions including Falling in Love Again '' , Moonman , June , The Wobble Incident , Subconscious Password , and Minotaur , while the latter has licensed SANDDE for Ultimate Wave 3D and Legends of Flight , both produced by the Stephen Low Company .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fe208119f0d0dc4dd426596ea18cba66",
"text": "How to Train Your Dragon 2 How to Train Your Dragon 2 is a 2014 American 3D computer-animated fantasy action film produced by DreamWorks Animation and distributed by 20th Century Fox , loosely based on the British book series of the same name by Cressida Cowell . It is the sequel to the 2010 computer-animated film How to Train Your Dragon and the second in the trilogy . The film is written and directed by Dean DeBlois , and stars the voices of Jay Baruchel , Gerard Butler , Craig Ferguson , America Ferrera , Jonah Hill , Christopher Mintz-Plasse , T.J. Miller , and Kristen Wiig , with the addition of Cate Blanchett , Djimon Hounsou , and Kit Harington . The film takes place five years after the first film , featuring Hiccup and his friends as young adults as they meet Valka , Hiccup 's long-lost mother , and Drago Bludvist , a madman who wants to conquer the world . DeBlois , who co-directed the first film , agreed to return to direct the second film on the condition that he would be allowed to turn it into a trilogy . He cited The Empire Strikes Back and My Neighbor Totoro as his main inspirations , with the expanded scope of the The Empire Strikes Back being particularly influential . The entire voice cast from the first film returned , and Cate Blanchett and Djimon Hounsou signed on to voice Valka and Drago , respectively . DeBlois and his creative team visited Norway and Svalbard to give them ideas for the setting . Composer John Powell returned to score the film . How to Train Your Dragon 2 benefited from advances in animation technology and was DreamWorks ' first film to use scalable multicore processing and the studio 's new animation and lighting software . The film was released on June 13 , 2014 , and like its predecessor , received wide acclaim . Critics praised the film for its animation , voice acting , action scenes , musical score , emotional depth , and darker , more serious tone compared to its predecessor . It received the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature . The film won six Annie Awards , including Best Animated Feature and Best Director . The film grossed over $ 621 million worldwide , making it the 12th highest-grossing film of 2014 . It earned less than its predecessor at the US box office , but performed better internationally . A third installment in the trilogy , How to Train Your Dragon 3 , is scheduled to be released on March 1 , 2019 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "262aa22ba63a1cb8d44fdee0644375e4",
"text": "Man vs. Beast Man vs. Beast is a series of sensationalistic television specials aired in the United States by the Fox television network . The shows were produced by Brian Richardson and directed by Bob Levy . They involve a variety of challenges in which people and animals compete against each other . Although the initial special , Man vs. Beast , was heavily panned by critics and animal rights groups , Fox commissioned a sequel , Man vs. Beast 2 , which aired on February 20 , 2004 . In 2003 , ITV commissioned Granada Productions to re-create the American special for British audiences . A six-part series was filmed , hosted by John Fashanu . However , owing to heavy lobbying by animal rights groups , transmission of the series was postponed indefinitely .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "25432683ab4bd46820b97a0974d3a67e",
"text": "Asterix and Obelix: God Save Britannia Asterix and Obelix : God Save Britannia ( Astérix & Obélix : Au service de Sa Majesté translated as Asterix & Obelix : In The Service of Her Majesty ) , directed by Laurent Tirard , is the fourth film adaptation of the adventures of Astérix after Asterix & Obelix vs Caesar ( 1999 ) , Asterix & Obelix : Mission Cleopatra ( 2002 ) , and Asterix at the Olympic Games ( 2008 ) . The film is adapted into 3D and had its World Premiere in September 2012 . It is a live-action film from Fidélité Films and is based on Asterix in Britain ( 1965 ) and Asterix and the Normans ( 1966 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b5f4c32797741a74c1b25fa6d76b95ed",
"text": "Toy Story (franchise) Toy Story is a computer animated film series and Disney media franchise that began with the original 1995 film , Toy Story , produced by Pixar Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures . The franchise is based on the anthropomorphic concept that all toys , unknown to humans , are secretly alive , and the films focus on a diverse group of toys that feature a classic cowboy , Sheriff Woody , and modern spaceman , Buzz Lightyear . The group unexpectedly embark on adventures that challenge and change them . The first two films of the franchise were directed by John Lasseter , and the third by Lee Unkrich , who acted as the co-director of the second film ( together with Lasseter and Ash Brannon ) . Lasseter will return to direct the upcoming fourth film . All three films , produced on a total budget of $ 320 million , have grossed more than $ 1.9 billion worldwide . Each film set box office records , with the third included in the top 15 all time worldwide films . Critics have given all three films extremely positive reviews . Special Blu-ray and DVD editions of Toy Story and Toy Story 2 were released on March 23 , 2010 . They were also re-released in theaters as a Disney Digital 3-D `` double feature '' for at least two weeks in October 2009 . The series is the 24th highest-grossing franchise worldwide , the fifth highest-grossing animated franchise ( behind Shrek , Ice Age , Despicable Me and Madagascar ) , and is among the most critically acclaimed trilogies of all time . On November 1 , 2011 , all three Toy Story films were released in Disney Blu-ray 3D as a trilogy pack and as individual films .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e746db7cdfa5db546837b2c059febe1b",
"text": "Dragon Blade (film) Dragon Blade is a 2015 Chinese-Hong Kong historical action film written and directed by Daniel Lee and starring Jackie Chan . In the film , Chan plays Huo An , the commander of the Protection Squad of the Western Regions during the Han Dynasty . Dragon Blade was released in IMAX 3D on 19 February 2015 , the first day of the Chinese New Year holiday period . The film was released in the United States on 4 September 2015 by Lionsgate Premiere .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "50a460dd4b191c74503b0eae967cc6a7",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D . As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "29aa14bee0c8fbc436f762022f1fa8d9",
"text": "Fantastic Four Adventures Fantastic Four Adventures is part of Marvel UK 's ` Collector 's Edition ' line . It is being published by Panini Comics but reprints Marvel Comics from the United States . It began in 2005 around the release of the Fantastic Four film and follows the format established by the Collector 's Edition Range . Fantastic Four Adventures is sold once every 28 days through newsagents , although a subscription offer is available . Fantastic Four Adventures retailed at # 2.40 upon its release , but rising in printing costs have seen the price rise to # 2.50 and then onto the current price of # 2.95 . It was announced at the end of 2011 that Fantastic Four Adventures would cease publication with its final issue in March 2012 , only to be replaced by a new CE , Incredible Hulks .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
375ba27ca1caa5abd81e0ac42988ef55 | Kris Wu has only ever been a Brazilian singer. | [
{
"docid": "39733add192123641eacb5118bd891ad",
"text": "Kris Wu Wu Yifan ( , pronounced -LSB- - cmnu2-i4fan4 -RSB- , ; born November 6 , 1990 ) , professionally known as Kris Wu or Kris , is a Chinese-born Canadian actor , singer , and model . He is active as a solo artist and actor in China and has starred in several # 1 box office hits including Mr. Six and Journey to the West : The Demons Strike Back , which are among the highest-grossing Chinese films of all time in China . He made his Hollywood debut in xXx : Return of Xander Cage ( 2017 ) .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "507ec5bcb8730165eaa118d939ecf214",
"text": "Banda Calypso pelo Brasil Pelo Brasil ( At Brazil in English ) '' it is the ninth album and third DVD of Banda Calypso , launched in September 2006 . The band invests a large project for a tour in 5 capital and each make a passage to a CD / DVD . The chosen capital were Brasília , Recife , Salvador , Rio de Janeiro and Belém . In each project the show would be recorded a show piece with a musical block chosen for each city and after being closed block continue with the show for the audience .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6aa79c6486824de1a6d9e3f38a758c55",
"text": "Toquinho Antônio Pecci Filho ( born July 6 , 1946 ) , better known as Toquinho ( -LSB- toˈkĩɲu -RSB- ) , is a Brazilian singer and guitarist . He is well known for his collaborations , as composer and performer , with Vinicius de Moraes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1bafc859d821e860624e0dc4e1e03fa8",
"text": "Nando Reis Nando Reis ( -LSB- ˈnɐ̃du ˈʁejs -RSB- , born José Fernando Gomes dos Reis ; January 12 , 1963 ) is a Brazilian musician and producer , best known as the former bassist and one of the lead singers of Brazilian rock band Titãs and for his successful solo career , with his own band called Os Infernais . He has also produced a few albums , including some related to Cássia Eller , who has made several significant partnerships with him , and Marisa Monte . In 2012 , Nando Reis was listed among the top ten Brazilian artists at the ECAD list of artists who earned the most from copyright in the first semester of that year . In 2016 , he was at the 15th position , besides being 6th in the ranking of earnings from live performances and topped the ranking of earnings from music played in public places .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b8ca31d077ffb73f64a9edbae9d4204b",
"text": "Sophie Charlotte (actress) Sophie Charlotte ( born April 29 , 1989 ) is a German Brazilian actress and ballerina .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a455496ad68f1f51ed504a6f8219a916",
"text": "KLB (2000 album) KLB , launched in 2000 , is the first studio album by pop trio KLB , is best known as KLB ( 2000 ) and is one of the most successful albums of the band by the number of copies sold and hit singles on the radio . It was produced by composer Piska , also responsible for most of the compositions on the disc . In this album has the first four of the main successes of KLB , which are : `` A dor desse amor '' , `` Ela Não Está Aqui '' , `` Estou em suas mãos '' and `` Por que tem que ser assim ? '' . KLB ( 2000 ) was the second best selling album in Brazil in 2000 , KLB ( 2000 ) marks achieved gold record , platinum , double platinum , triple platinum disc and then diamond disc for selling more than 1 million copies . Their ranges of success are `` A dor desse amor '' , `` Estou em suas mãos '' , `` Por que tem que ser assim ? '' and `` Ainda Vou Te Encontrar '' ( composed by Kiko , in honor of a girlfriend who died in a car accident )",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "03443e5b57ca86b7ab7cf15db16b4161",
"text": "Sex (Cheat Codes and Kris Kross Amsterdam song) `` Sex '' is a song by American DJ trio Cheat Codes and Dutch DJ trio Kris Kross Amsterdam . The song was released by Spinnin ' Records on February 19 , 2016 , and has since achieved international success .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "856ff4166c3dceb3405e6bb01ebcd005",
"text": "Eneida Marta Eneida Marta is a singer from Guinea-Bissau who sings in Portuguese and Guinea-Bissau Creole . Three of her albums have been released since 2001 -- Nô Stória ( 2001 ) , Amari ( 2002 ) , and Lôpe Kaï ( 2006 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d256fc92ec7e45267871b412a0477cb7",
"text": "Kriswontwo Kriswontwo is a Danish producer from Copenhagen . Georgia Anne Muldrow said the following about the Scandinavian producer : `` Kriswontwo is gifted with the ability to trust and fully follow through on his instinct ; He polishes up his work with great attention to detail but he does n't sacrifice the rawness of his original idea . It takes a whole lot of talent and discipline to be able to make that initial kneejerk reaction the centerpiece of such an elegant sound . '' In 2016 a youtube video surfaced showing Yasiin Bey ( fka . Mos Def ) working on lyrics to a beat by Kriswontwo .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a0f46d796a44b0322fbd7232e95179e7",
"text": "Iara Dias dos Santos Iara Dias dos Santos ( born 11 September 1983 ) is a Brazilian singer and songwriter . She moved to Finland in 2014 to start a professional career in the music industry . She was selected to take part on The Voice of Finland in 2017 ( 6th Season ) . In her blind audition , she sang Corinne Bailey Rae 's song `` Put Your Records On '' and two coaches turned the chair for her . Anna Puu and Olli Lindholm . She chose to take part on Anna 's team .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "75fd0197be3b9402635d2dbe703bacb9",
"text": "Funk ostentação Funk ostentação ( from Portuguese : Ostentation , or `` swag '' , funk ) is a Brazilian music style created in São Paulo in 2008 . The central theme addressed in the songs is conspicuous consumption , and many funk ostentação artists sing about cars , motorcycles , drink , women , and ambitions to leave the favela and achieve life goals . While the dominant lyrical themes of the Rio de Janeiro scene at the time were criminality and lack of social justice , the first funk ostentação song , `` Bonde da Juju '' , recorded by MCs Backdi and Bio G3 in September 2008 , established the new genre 's opposing theme of ostentation . Several funk ostentação festivals were subsequently held in the state of São Paulo , and the movement began to grow . Its national debut came with the launch of the video for `` Megane '' by MC Boy do Charmes in mid-2011 . As it became clear that funk ostentação would be best represented in audiovisual format , the cinematographer KondZilla became the first to produce videos , which were received enthusiastically by fans . Of the ten most watched music videos in Brazil in both 2012 and 2013 , three were funk ostentação . It was established as one of the most popular genres in Brazil with the tragic death of Daniel Pellegrine a.k.a MC Daleste , who was shot on stage in Campinas in July 2013 . He had been one of the principal proponents of the genre at the time of his death , and its extensive media coverage included widely televised tributes by other funk artists . Funk ostentação became strongly associated with the emerging nova classe média ( new middle class ) in Brazil , whose financial status was improving along with that of principal funk ostentação artists like MC Guimê , MC Lon , MC Gui e MC Pocahontas .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e089bb44497b5bc4fc24384c916d2473",
"text": "Da Lou Louise Cristine Machado ( Rio de Janeiro , September 16 , 1983 ) is a singer and songwriter of Brazilian Pop rock . Former participant of Joinville Dance Festival and Choral Univille , selected with the Collective XYZ group for Collective Artists 40th , monitors the Bienal de Porto Alegre and art teacher . Louise Cristine Machado has done a bit of everything to show how multi-talented , but his true calling is the same in music . Adept of the guitar since the age of 17 , he recorded his first single `` A Noite '' in partnership with producer Rick Bonadio .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "26a3ff2c072da42f3391e0e69dd20810",
"text": "Saint Lu Luise Gruber ( born 27 June 1982 in Wels , Austria ) , better known by her stage name Saint Lu is an Austrian singer and songwriter . She currently lives and works in Berlin , Germany .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ef6a324e3aefa76000f779ba1911206e",
"text": "James Wright (singer) James Wright is a Filipino-Australian singer currently signed with GMA Records . He gained fame after joining GMA Network 's reality-talent competition Anak Ko ` Yan on 2013 . Wright received critical acclaim after releasing his self-titled debut album and is known his songs `` Sana ' y Ikaw '' and `` Kung Hindi Ikaw '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5482d2fa3d513c900fd5671fcd48094b",
"text": "Paula Fernandes Paula Fernandes de Souza ( -LSB- ˈpawlɐ feʁˈnɐ̃dʒis -RSB- ; born August 28 , 1982 in Sete Lagoas , Minas Gerais ) is a Brazilian singer , songwriter and arranger . In a poll organized among readers of VIP magazine in 2011 , she was named the 16th `` sexiest woman in the world . '' That same year , she was one of the most accessed on Google Brazil .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8bdc2422283dbee1efca9cd34c314fcb",
"text": "São Luís, Maranhão São Luís ( -LSB- sɐ̃w luˈis -RSB- , Saint Louis ) is the capital and largest city of the Brazilian state of Maranhão . The city is located on Ilha de São Luís ( Saint Louis ' Island ) in the Baía de São Marcos ( Saint Mark 's Bay ) , an extension of the Atlantic Ocean which forms the estuary of Pindaré , Mearim , Itapecuru and other rivers . Its coordinates are 2.53 ° south , 44.30 ° west . The city proper has a population of some 986,826 people ( 2008 IBGE estimate ) . The metropolitan area totals 1,227,659 , ranked as the 16th largest in Brazil . São Luís , created originally as Saint-Louis-de-Maragnan , is the only Brazilian state capital founded by France ( see France Équinoxiale ) and it is one of the three Brazilian state capitals located on islands ( the others are Vitória and Florianópolis ) . The city has two major sea ports : Madeira Port and Itaqui Port , through which a substantial part of Brazil 's iron ore , originating from the ( pre ) - Amazon region , is exported . The city 's main industries are metallurgical with Alumar , and VALE . São Luís is home of the Federal University of Maranhão . São Luís was the home town of famous Brazilian samba singer Alcione , Brazilian writers Aluísio Azevedo , Ferreira Gullar and Josué Montello , Belgian-naturalised soccer player Luís Oliveira , and the musician João do Vale and Zeca Baleiro , a Música popular brasileira ( MPB ) singer .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dad2a87d096c1b69576973749d277fcb",
"text": "Luiz de Carvalho Luiz de Carvalho ( 16 May 1925 -- 17 November 2015 ) was a Brazilian Christian singer . Luiz de Carvalho was born in 1925 , the son of Augusto José de Carvalho and his wife , Ema . He was youngest of 12 siblings . He was President of Youth Union of the Baptist Church in the city of Tupa , São Paulo in the 1940s . De Carvalho introduced the guitar in worship in the mid-1950s . He was the second gospel singer to record an album in Brazil .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d1183539600eb882b25ccab6ac4cb8bc",
"text": "The Brazilian `` The Brazilian '' is an instrumental piece by the English band Genesis that concludes their 1986 album Invisible Touch . The song features experimental sounds and effects . The band wrote two instrumental pieces for the album , this and `` Do The Neurotic '' . The tune was featured in the animated movie When the Wind Blows , which was scored by Roger Waters . It was also used in an episode of Magnum , P.I. called `` Unfinished Business '' . The track was also used extensively by the BBC in their TV coverage of the 1987 World Athletics Championships .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "20198e3af603e77276bbe7546a5cdec2",
"text": "Skank (album) Skank is the self-titled debut album by Brazilian rock band Skank . Released independently in 1992 with 3,000 copies , the album sold 1,200 in 45 days and drew the attention of Sony BMG , who re-released the album on its new Chaos label . The album sold approximately 250,000 copies . Skank had the hits `` Tanto '' ( a Portuguese-language version of Bob Dylan 's `` I Want You '' ) , `` O Homem Que Sabia Demais '' , and `` In ( dig ) nação '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d7617dc9ab591edab2f39a108e933547",
"text": "Conrado Dess Conrado Dess ( born August 3 , 1991 in São Paulo , Brazil ) is a Brazilian singer , songwriter , record producer , actor and theater director . Dess got his start in his hometown , where he sang gospel songs in church throughout his childhood . At age 14 , he started taking singing lessons to refine his singing voice . He spent the next few years maintaining a MySpace profile where he uploaded various self-written tracks . His song Glamorous California was uploaded on MySpace in 2009 and became an internet hit . In January 2011 Glamorous California was re-released as a digital single through Island Def Jam Digital Distribution . Dess 's second single , We Live 4 Those Moments , was released on Myspace in February 2011 . Throughout the year of 2011 Dess released two more independent singles : All Think I of Is You and his first song in Portuguese , O Que Te Faz Viver . Conrado is currently studying drama at Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo in São Paulo and directs art group Performatron .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a5b145973c9b2bd78b1ca7daec26bf50",
"text": "Marco Matias (musician) Marco Matias is the son of Portuguese immigrants who came to Germany in the 1970s . At the age of ten , he had his first experiences on stage when he was performing for a game circus , a project that arose in co-operation with Caritas and endeavored to inspire children for creativity . He himself got a lot of ideas out of this project . Shortly afterward , he founded a duet with his brother Jorge and they had a lot of success presenting their songs -- pop , rock and South American titles -- at various private events . The first band he joined when he was fifteen was called ` Lua Cheia ' . He gained his first studio experiences with his school band ` The Basement Kids ' during the production of his first CD ` Cry For Peace ' . He then passed his higher school certificate examination and began his studies at the University of Cologne . But he never gave up his music ; he worked as a backing vocalist , participated in jam sessions and had many other musical activities . At that time , he got in contact with the Cologne A cappella ensemble ` Voice Sings ' with whom he toured a lot . In 2000 , Marco and his band ` Atlanticos ' participated in a ` international Festival For Young People Of The Portuguese Communities 2000 ' . The festival was broadcast live to the Portuguese speaking territories all over the world . Portuguese people living in Australia , Macao , Brazil and other territories watched his performance and Marco and his band received a tremendous reaction from the televoters and made third place . They produced an album in Portuguese , and were doing a lot of TV-Shows and radio performances in the following years 2001 and 2002 . In 2003 , he was invited to a casting called ` The German Voice 2003 ' . He was elected from among 12,000 candidates and entered the final with nine other competitors . In that final he became second . ` A Miracle Of Love ' is the title of the song written by Ralph Siegel that Marco performed , together with Nicole Süßmilch , during the German pre-selection for the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 and they again made a very good second place . In 2006 , Marco competed in the Eurovision Song Contest 2006 as a part of the group six4one , representing Switzerland , with the song , `` If We All Give A Little '' .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
d542b08e3bb807ecae7c1ad46549edec | The President of Russia can grant reprieves and pardons. | [
{
"docid": "2391db1b7c71e263bde485cbadfbd910",
"text": "President of Russia The President of the Russian Federation ( -LSB- Президент Российской Федерации , r = Prezident Rossiiskoi Federatsii -RSB- ) is the elected head of state , Supreme Commander-in-Chief and holder of the highest office within the Russian Federation . The current President of Russia is Vladimir Putin . In 1991 , the office was briefly known as the President of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic until 25 December 1991 . According to the 1978 Russian Constitution , the President of Russia was head of the executive branch and headed the Council of Ministers of Russia . According to the current 1993 Constitution of Russia , the President of Russia is not a part of the Government of Russia , which exercises executive power . In all cases where the President of the Russian Federation is unable to fulfill his duties , they shall be temporarily delegated to the Prime Minister , who becomes Acting President of Russia . The Chairman of the Federation Council is the third important position after the President and the Prime Minister . In the case of incapacity of both the President and Prime Minister , the chairman of the upper house of parliament becomes acting head of state . The power includes execution of federal law , alongside the responsibility of appointing federal ministers , diplomatic , regulatory and judicial officers , and concluding treaties with foreign powers with the advice and consent of the State Duma and the Federation Council . The president is further empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves , and to convene and adjourn the Federal Assembly under extraordinary circumstances . The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the Russian Federation . The president is elected directly through a popular vote to a six-year term . The law prohibits anyone from ever being elected to the presidency for a third consecutive term . In all , 3 individuals have served 4 presidencies spanning 6 full terms . On May 7 , 2012 , Vladimir Putin became the 4th and current president .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "6e50f363da46b27bb473972a94185b4d",
"text": "Government of Russia The Government of the Russia ( exercises executive power in the Russian Federation . The members of the government are the Prime Minister , the deputy prime ministers , and the federal ministers . It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law `` On the Government the Russian Federation '' . According to the 1991 amendment to the 1978 Russian Constitution , the President of Russia was the head of the executive branch and headed the Council of Ministers of Russia . According to the current 1993 Constitution of Russia , the President is not a part of the Government of Russia , which exercises executive power . But , the President does appoint the Prime Minister . The Chapter 6 of the Constitution of Russia says , that `` The Government of the Russian Federation consists of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation ( Prime Minister ) , Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and federal ministries '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c1ff2ba03f952e7fdcb4e05d32ee7fa8",
"text": "Prosecutor General of Russia The Prosecutor General of Russia ( also Attorney General of Russia , Генеральный Прокурор Российской Федерации ) heads the system of official prosecution in courts known and heads the Office of the Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation . The Prosecutor General remains the most powerful component of the Russian judicial system .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "385fffaec4428d5097a9bb2e40a4f73c",
"text": "Governor (Russia) The highest official of the subject of the Russian Federation or the holder of the highest office of subject of the Russian Federation or the head of the highest executive body of state power of the subject of the Russian Federation , colloquially and collectively referred to as the title governor ( губернатор - gubernator ) or head of region ( глава региона - glava regiona ) , is the head and the chief executive of each the federal subjects of Russia , not directly subordinate to the federal authorities , but the political and ceremonial head of the federal subject , all of which are equal constituent entities of Russia . The office is defined by the Constitution of Russia and Chapters 1 , 3 and 4 of Russia 's Federal Law No. 184-FZ `` On the General Principles of the Organization Of the Legislative ( Representative ) and Executive Organs Of State Power of the Subjects of the Russian Federation '' which came into force in 1999 . According to the current revision of the Russian Constitution , the Russian Federation consists of 85 federal subjects therefore there are 85 offices of head of region in Russia ( see List of current heads of federal subjects of Russia ) . The certain title of office is defined by the federal subject 's Constitution or Charter . The names include : governor , president ( президент - president ) , head of administration ( глава администрации - glava administratsii ) , head of republic ( глава республики - glava respubliki ) , mayor ( мэр - mer ) , non-officially and collectively referred to as governors for short . The official title governor is most used in Russia and traditionally it is used in Oblasts of Russia . Presidents of Russia 's republics , mayor of Moscow and mayor of St. Petersburg are also governors in this sense . A head of the subject in Russia is said to serve a administration or executive office , colloquially referred to as gubernatorial administration .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "28c7e3d0786e02ea5dff8ba3ba86e36f",
"text": "Impeachment in Ukraine Impeachment in Ukraine is an expressed power of the legislature that allows for formal charges against the President . Article 111 of the Ukrainian Constitution states that `` The President of Ukraine may be removed from office ... by the majority of the constitutional composition of the ... Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine by the procedure of impeachment , in the event that he or she commits state treason or other crime . '' Impeachment can also occur for People 's Deputies of Ukraine .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "862d387ce8d852252a794641c818a309",
"text": "Federal Archival Agency (Russia) Federal Archival Agency of Russia ( Федеральное архивное агентство России Rosarchiv ) is the federal executive body , held by the President of Russia which is responsible for providing public services , management of federal property in the field of archives .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7a4a26f87094172c7e3ab426ae3ae8f6",
"text": "Ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states After the dissolution of the Soviet Union ( USSR ) in December 1991 , about 25 million ethnic Russians in post-Soviet states found themselves living outside the Russian Federation . All former Soviet citizens had a time window within which they could transfer their former Soviet citizenship to Russian citizenship . Where they did not exercise that choice , their resulting citizenship status outside Russia varied by state : from no perceivable change in status - as in Belarus - to becoming permanently resident `` non-citizens '' - as in Estonia and Latvia , which restricted citizenship to their pre-World War II citizens and their offspring ( regardless of ethnic group ) upon restoration of their independence in continuity with their sovereign identities prior to June 1940 . However , most people in practice found the `` time window '' concept not feasible , as the citizenship issue linked closely to the issue of owning property owned by the state before privatization . For many people , a change of citizenship would actually mean relocating and leaving behind everything - or most of what they had previously owned or been able to access . the largest ethnic Russian diaspora populations outside Russia live in the United States and in the `` near abroad '' countries . The populations involved include those in : Ukraine ( about 8 million ) , Kazakhstan ( about 3.8 million ) , the United States ( about 3 million ) , Belarus ( about 780,000 ) , Uzbekistan ( about 650,000 ) Kyrgyzstan ( about 360,000 ) and Latvia ( about 556,422 ) . In June 2006 Russian President Vladimir Putin announced a plan to introduce national policy aiming at encouraging ethnic Russian immigration to Russia . Does not include Abkhazia ( 2011 census : 22,077 Russians or 9.1 % of the population ) or South Ossetia ( 2007 estimate : 2,100 Russians or 3.0 % of the population ) . In Turkmenistan , there were estimated to be at most 150,000 ethnic Russians as of 2007 , or under 2 % of the population . In Uzbekistan the same year , the Russian population stood at some 800,000 people or under 4 % of the country .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7bdc7ddb88517753a2f0d80eb42ad634",
"text": "Awards of the Ministry for Emergency Situations of Russia Known internationally as `` EMERCOM '' , Russia 's Ministry for Civil Defence , Emergency Situations and Disaster Relief is composed of both military and civilian personnel . It encompasses land , naval and air assets , the State Fire Service , rescue teams and its own academies . This article is dedicated to the award system of this ministry of the Russian Federation . EMERCOM awards are subordinate to state awards . All awards herein were approved by orders of the Minister of Emergency Situations , these order numbers and inception dates are included as quick references to facilitate any further research .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8e912bbf7e03bfba4bbeb4aa3ca56e34",
"text": "Mikhail Fradkov's First Cabinet Mikhail Fradkov 's First Cabinet ( March - May 2004 ) was a cabinet of the government of the Russian Federation during the presidential election of 2004 , preceded by the cabinet of Mikhail Kasyanov , who had been dismissed by President Vladimir Putin on February 24 , 2004 , and followed by Mikhail Fradkov 's Second Cabinet immediately after Vladimir Putin 's second inauguration . It was led by Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov , proposed by President Vladimir Putin for the approval by the State Duma on March 1 , 2004 . On March 5 Fradkov was approved by the State Duma and appointed Prime Minister by the President . Other 16 ministers of the cabinet were appointed by presidential decrees on March 9 . Seven of the ministers occupied the same positions in Mikhail Kasyanov 's Government : Yury Chaika , Alexey Gordeyev , German Gref , Sergei Ivanov , Viktor Khristenko , Alexey Kudrin , and Sergei Shoigu . The cabinet underwent no reshuffles and resigned on May 7 . It was a temporary cabinet , as Russian legislation stipulates that a new government has to be formed in the beginning of a new presidential term , so the ministers remained acting and were reappointed with minor changes as Mikhail Fradkov 's Second Cabinet few days later .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3cfb01d8aae9e75319adebbfda534fb5",
"text": "Sino-Russian relations since 1991 Diplomatic relations between the People 's Republic of China and the Russian Federation dramatically improved after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the establishment of the Russian Federation in 1991 . American scholar Joseph Nye argues : With the collapse of the Soviet Union , that de facto US-China alliance ended , and a China-Russia rapprochement began . In 1992 , the two countries declared that they were pursuing a `` constructive partnership '' ; in 1996 , they progressed toward a `` strategic partnership '' ; and in 2001 , they signed a treaty of `` friendship and cooperation . '' The two countries share a long land border which was demarcated in 1991 , and they signed a Treaty of Good-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation in 2001 . On the eve of a 2013 state visit to Moscow by Chinese President Xi Jinping , Russian President Vladimir Putin remarked that the two nations were forging a special relationship .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e9f161b0b04549ca19501d067a43daea",
"text": "Treaty of Stolbovo The Treaty of Stolbovo is a peace treaty of 1617 that ended the Ingrian War , fought between Sweden and Russia . After nearly two months of negotiations , representatives from Sweden and Russia met at the ( now derelict ) village of Stolbova , south of Lake Ladoga , on . From the outset , Sweden had gone into the negotiations with very high ambitions , with the hopes of fulfilling the old dream of making all Russian trade pass through Swedish territory . As a consequence of this ambition , the Swedes originally demanded far-reaching territorial gains into western Russia , including the important northern port of Arkhangelsk . At this point , however , James I of England sent a delegation to mediate , and so did the Dutch , mostly to make sure Arkhangelsk did not fall into Swedish hands , which would have made the extensive trade between Western Europe and Russia far more difficult . Arkhangelsk did not change hands in the resulting treaty , partly because of the Dutch and English efforts , but mostly because Russia finally managed to unite under one tsar , Michael Romanov . As word reached Russia that the Swedish war against Poland might soon be over , the Russians were quick to get negotiations going for real -- knowing that they could not afford Sweden 's renewal of the war effort on just one front . In the resulting peace treaty , the tsar and the Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus agreed to the following terms : Sweden gained the province and fortress of Kexholm ( Käkisalmi ) ( now Priozersk ) , south-west Karelia and the province of Ingria -- including the fortress of Nöteborg , known as `` the key to Finland '' ( now Shlisselburg , Russia ) Members of the upper classes in these conquered areas were allowed to migrate within 14 days , if they wished to , a right not granted to regular priests and farmers Russia renounced all claims to Estonia and Livonia Russia would pay Sweden war indemnities of 20,000 rubles Novgorod and other Swedish territorial gains during the war would be returned to Russia Sweden had the right to keep all spoils of war collected before 20 November 1616 The Russian city of Gdov was to remain in Swedish hands until the peace had been confirmed and the borders fully established Sweden recognized Michael Romanov as the rightful tsar of Russia , putting an end to further Swedish claims in Russia Russia was allowed free trade at normal trade tariffs , making sure Sweden could not cripple Russia completely Russia was allowed to establish merchant houses in Stockholm , Reval ( Tallinn ) and Viborg in exchange for Sweden being allowed to establish merchant houses in Novgorod , Pskov , and Moscow . Gustavus Adolphus is known to have said about this treaty , which granted Sweden natural borders to Russia , partly in the form of Lake Ladoga and Lake Peipus : `` jag hoppas att det skall bliva svårt för ryssen att hoppa över den bäcken '' -- `` I hope it will be hard for the Russians to jump across that creek '' . England is officially credited with brokering this peace , through their mediator John Mericke , though the Dutch efforts were also of great importance . After the war , the leader of the Dutch delegation , Reinoud van Brederode , was granted the title Baron and given the barony of Wesenberg ( Rakvere ) in Estonia by Gustavus Adolphus .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "93da3155db479950a3256940331feb7a",
"text": "Powers of the President of the United States The President of the United States has numerous powers , including those explicitly granted by Article II of the United States Constitution . The Constitution explicitly assigned the president the power to sign or veto legislation , command the armed forces , ask for the written opinion of their Cabinet , convene or adjourn Congress , grant reprieves and pardons , and receive ambassadors . The president may make treaties which need to be ratified by two-thirds of the Senate . The president may also appoint Article III judges and some officers with the advice and consent of the U.S. Senate . In the condition of a Senate recess , the president may make a temporary appointment .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7de64b34dc9120bd8cfd5587ae2e8906",
"text": "Governor of Vermont The Governor of the U.S. state of Vermont is the head of the government of the state . The governor is elected in even-numbered years by direct voting for a term of two years . Vermont and bordering New Hampshire are now the only states to hold gubernatorial elections every two years , instead of every four as in the other 48 states . There is no limit on the number of terms a governor can serve . If no candidate receives at least 50 percent plus one vote of all votes for governor cast in the election , the governor is then elected by the state legislature . The incumbent governor is Phil Scott . He was sworn in on Thursday January 5 , 2017 , becoming Vermont 's 82nd Governor . The governor 's working offices are located in The Pavilion in the state capital of Montpelier , Vermont . The governor 's ceremonial office , used during the legislative session of the General Assembly , is located in the Vermont State House , also in Montpelier . The Constitution of Vermont details the powers of the governor : To commission or appoint all officers ( `` except where provision is , or shall be , otherwise made by law or this Frame of Government '' ) To fill all vacancies in office until the office can be filled in the manner directed by state constitution or by state law To correspond with other States To `` transact business with officers of government , civil and military '' To `` prepare such business as may appear necessary , to lay before the General Assembly . To grant pardons and remit fines , except for cases of treason , in which the Governor may only grant reprieves until the end of the next session of the General Assembly , and for cases of impeachment , in which the Governor can not grant either reprieves or pardons To `` take care that the laws be faithfully executed '' and `` expedite the execution of such measures as may be resolved upon by the General Assembly '' To `` draw upon the Treasury for such sums as may be appropriated by the General Assembly '' To `` lay embargoes , or prohibit the exportation of any commodity '' for up to 30 days during a recess of the General Assembly To `` grant such licenses as shall be directed by law '' To call special sessions of the General Assembly when necessary To be the `` Captain-General and Commander-in-Chief '' of the `` forces of the State '' ( the Vermont State Guard and Vermont National Guard ) , although the Governor can not `` command in person , in time of war , or insurrection , unless by the advice and consent of the Senate , and no longer than they shall approve thereof '' There is a separately-elected Lieutenant Governor of Vermont . The Lieutenant Governor becomes the new Governor , if the incumbent Governor dies , resigns or is removed ( via impeachment ) from office . The Lieutenant Governor is also the Lieutenant-General of the `` forces of the State . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "984090287f6f7988df6b357c660bc41b",
"text": "Mikhail Kasyanov's Cabinet Mikhail Kasyanov 's Cabinet ( May 2000 - March 2004 ) was a cabinet of the government of the Russian Federation during most of Vladimir Putin 's first presidential term . It followed Vladimir Putin 's Cabinet after Vladimir Putin became President of Russia and was replaced with Mikhail Fradkov 's First Cabinet shortly before the presidential election of 2004 . It was led by Prime Minister Mikhail Kasyanov , proposed by President Vladimir Putin after his inauguration on May 7 and approved by the State Duma and appointed Prime Minister by the President on May 17 , 2000 . Prior to this , Kasyanov was the Finance Minister in Vladimir Putin 's Cabinet , and as Putin was promoted to acting President on December 31 , 1999 , de facto had led his cabinet since January 10 , when he was appointed also First Deputy Prime Minister . Other 28 ministers were appointed by the President on May 18 -- 20 . Only six of them were new to the government : Gennady Bukaev , Alexander Dondukov , Alexander Gavrin , German Gref , Alexey Kudrin and Igor Shuvalov .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "25a771e941a830eaf08352d0b0ecf455",
"text": "Alexei Navalny mayoral campaign, 2013 In 2010 , after the long-standing mayor of Moscow Yuri Luzhkov 's resignation , then-President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev appointed Sergey Sobyanin for a five-year term . After the protests sparked in December 2011 , Medvedev responded to that by a series of measures supposed to make political power more dependent on voters and increase accessibility for parties and candidates to elections ; in particular , he called for re-establishing elections of heads of federal subjects of Russia , which took effect on June 1 , 2012 . On February 14 , 2013 , Sobyanin declared the next elections would be held in 2015 , and a snap election would be unwanted by Muscovites , and on March 1 , he proclaimed he wanted to run for a second term as a mayor of Moscow in 2015 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4d7d8603b8c3e89d300e5702c103bcc4",
"text": "Medvedev Doctrine The Medvedev Doctrine is a set of five principles stated by President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev in an interview to Channel One Russia on Sunday August 31 , 2008 , in the aftermath of the Russo-Georgian War . They may be summarized as follows : `` Russia recognizes the primacy of the fundamental principles of international law '' `` The world should be multi-polar '' `` Russia does not want confrontation with any other country '' `` Protecting the lives and dignity of our citizens , wherever they may be , is an unquestionable priority for our country '' `` As is the case of other countries , there are regions in which Russia has privileged interests ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "17cf5abb4e459eb210796d4d867e2410",
"text": "List of Russian presidential candidates Candidate for President of Russia -- people officially registered as a candidate for President of the Russian Federation . As of , 29 people participated in the election of the President of Russia . Three more have been officially registered as candidates , but later withdrew from the elections ( however , one of them took part in the previous and subsequent presidential elections ) . Recently at the moment the elections were in 2012 , five candidates participated in them . The next elections will be held in 2018 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "373f7abc7dd223cefa8603a03bf77229",
"text": "1922 Moscow Trial of Socialist Revolutionaries The Moscow Trial of the Socialist Revolutionaries was one of the first show trials of the Soviet Union , beginning on June 8 , 1922 . The trial was part of a process that entailed eliminating all opposition in the nascent Bolshevik state . The trial stemmed from the failed Kerensky -- Krasnov uprising on October 29th , 1917 ( old style ) , when Alexander Kerensky attempted to overthrow the Soviet government that had just toppled him . The previous years had witnessed the silencing of the Workers ' Opposition and the suppression of the Mensheviks , the other major proletarian party . The Socialist Revolutionaries had long been a nuisance to the Bolsheviks . The party enjoyed the support of the largest demographic of the old Tsarist Empire , the agrarian peasantry , whilst the Bolsheviks were primarily supported by the radical intelligentsia , with some , albeit small , representation amongst soldiers and workers . The dispersal of the Constituent Assembly in January 1918 was the first action Lenin took against the Socialist Revolutionaries . The results of the voting made it clear that the assembly would not be overwhelmingly Bolshevik , and Lenin decided that it was counterrevolutionary . Fanny Kaplan , Lenin 's would-be assassin , stated that her motive for the assassination was the dispersal of the assembly . The Brest-Litovsk Treaty of 1918 that ended hostilities between Germany and Russia was also a point of serious disagreement between the Bolsheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries . There were 12 main defendants in the trial and SR coup participants gave evidence for the prosecution . Among the notable Bolsheviks playing a part in the trial were Nikolai Krylenko , who was the prosecutor for the state , and Nikolai Bukharin , who was part of the defense counsel . Bukharin had even participated in demonstrations organized by the authorities that were occurring throughout Moscow , and demanded the death penalty for the 12 defendants . At the very outset , Georgy Pyatakov announced that `` the court does not intend to handle the case from a dispassionate , objective point of view but would be guided solely by the interests of the Soviet Government . '' The evidence against the accused included statements of former SR participants in the military coup attempt such as G. Semyonov , who joined the Bolsheviks in 1911 , and became an agent provocateur . The trial concluded with death sentences for the 12 and acquittal for those who gave evidence . Upon further review by the tribunal , the death sentences were commuted . It was believed by Trotsky at least , that if the sentences were carried out , their party brethren would carry out terrorist violence against the Bolshevik government . All of the defendants and participants in the trial would eventually become victims in Stalin 's purges .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "880a1fca2c3b4adcc6a9526dc4fb03c6",
"text": "Economic history of the Russian Federation After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and collapse of Russia 's controlled economy , a new Russian Federation was created under Boris Yeltsin in 1991 . The Russian Federation had multiple economic reforms , including privatization and market and trade liberalization , due to collapse of communism . Though the economy is much more stable compared to the early 1990s , inflation still remains an issue for Russia .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "73b5bfb2f0f4303e70296217212d8aa9",
"text": "Decommunization in Russia Decommunization in Russia is the process of dealing with the communist legacies in terms of institutions and personnel that tends towards breaking with the Soviet past . Compared with the efforts of the other former constituents of the Soviet bloc and the Soviet Union , it has been restricted to half-measures , if conducted at all . Notable anti-communist measures in the Russian Federation are the banning of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( and creating the Communist Party of the Russian Federation ) as well as the names of many Russian cities reverting to what they were before the 1917 October Revolution ( Leningrad to Saint Petersburg , Sverdlovsk to Yekaterinburg and Gorky to Nizhny Novgorod ) . However , Nostalgia for the Soviet Union is gradually on the rise in Russia . Communist symbols continue to form an important part of the rhetoric used in state-controlled media as banning them is seen by the foreign ministry as `` sacrilege '' and `` a perverse idea of good and evil '' . The decommunization process in neighbouring Ukraine was also met with criticism by Russia , and Soviet war crimes continue to be regularly dismissed as `` Western myth '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7449a09c872f896540eb004872abf965",
"text": "List of Presidents of Serbia The following article contains a list of Presidents of Serbia . The list includes the heads of state of the Socialist Republic of Serbia , a constituent country of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and heads of state of the Republic of Serbia ( 1992 -- 2006 ) , a constituent country of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia / State Union of Serbia and Montenegro . Prior to 1974 , Serbia 's head of state was the speaker of the Serbian parliament . The President of the Republic ( Predsednik Republike , Председник Републике ) is directly elected to a five-year term and is limited by the Constitution to a maximum of two terms . In addition to being the Commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces , the President has the procedural duty of appointing the Prime Minister with the consent of the National Assembly , and has some influence on foreign policy . The President 's office is located in Novi Dvor .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
5d2c8ef4f1c1ec8846920bad47635581 | Las Vegas is the governmental center of its county. | [
{
"docid": "0615f1fc4d0a43d09615903d02e7aa05",
"text": "County seat A county seat is an administrative center , seat of government , or capital city of a county or civil parish . The term is used in the United States , Canada , Romania , China and Taiwan . In the United Kingdom and Ireland , county towns have a similar function .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9a6d1ca7ada5d77196d6aa778d470dc6",
"text": "Las Vegas Las Vegas ( -LSB- lɑːs_ˈveɪɡəs -RSB- , Spanish for `` The Meadows '' ) , officially the City of Las Vegas and often known simply as Vegas , is the 28th-most populated city in the United States , the most populated city in the state of Nevada , and the county seat of Clark County . The city anchors the Las Vegas Valley metropolitan area and is the largest city within the greater Mojave Desert . Las Vegas is an internationally renowned major resort city known primarily for its gambling , shopping , fine dining , entertainment , and nightlife . It is the leading financial , commercial , and cultural center for Nevada . The city bills itself as The Entertainment Capital of the World , and is famous for its mega casino -- hotels and associated activities . It is a top three destination in the United States for business conventions and a global leader in the hospitality industry , claiming more AAA Five Diamond hotels than any city in the world . Today , Las Vegas annually ranks as one of the world 's most visited tourist destinations . The city 's tolerance for numerous forms of adult entertainment earned it the title of Sin City , and has made Las Vegas a popular setting for literature , films , television programs , and music videos . Las Vegas was settled in 1905 and officially incorporated in 1911 . At the close of the 20th century , it was the most populated American city founded within that century ( a similar distinction earned by Chicago in the 1800s ) . Population growth has accelerated since the 1960s , and between 1990 and 2000 the population nearly doubled , increasing by 85.2 % . Rapid growth has continued into the 21st century , and according to a 2013 estimate , the population is 603,488 with a regional population of 2,027,828 . `` Las Vegas '' is often used to describe areas beyond official city limits -- especially the areas on and near the Las Vegas Strip , which is actually located within the unincorporated communities of Paradise , Winchester , and Enterprise .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "22c7e31f533987e67f1e9a52da281a42",
"text": "Nevada, Texas Nevada ( -LSB- nᵻˈveɪdə -RSB- , unlike the state of Nevada ) is a city in Collin County , Texas , United States . The population was 822 at the 2010 census . First settled in 1835 by John McMinn Stambaugh and named `` McMinn Chapel '' , the area was settled by Granville Stinebaugh , who named it after the Nevada Territory . Nevada enjoyed some prosperity after becoming a stop on the St. Louis Southwestern Railway , and the town incorporated in 1889 . On 9 May 1927 , a half-mile-wide F4 tornado ripped through Nevada , leaving 19 dead , 100 injured , and property damage exceeding $ 650,000 . The town had a difficult recovery ; citizens voted to unincorporate , and placed the restoration of the community in the hands of the Collin County authorities . However , the growing mechanisation involved in agriculture , along with the Great Depression , caused the town to fall into stagnation . The railroad later removed its tracks from the area . Recent growth in Collin County during the last 25 years has moderately improved life in Nevada . The population has again reached the heights of 1927 , and the town reincorporated in 1988 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "de52dce4b0e5f581d38de6cfbc2c5488",
"text": "Opera Las Vegas Opera Las Vegas ( OLV ) is an opera company serving the Las Vegas Valley . Founded in April 1999 , Opera Las Vegas is a 501 ( c ) ( 3 ) nonprofit corporation with a volunteer board of directors from the fields of law , accounting , planning and marketing as well as the musical and theatrical arts .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a7c55e1d35e3e3214695df9189519513",
"text": "County Laois County Laois ( -LSB- ˈliːʃ -RSB- ; Contae Laoise ) is a county in Ireland . It is located in the south of the Midlands Region and is also located in the province of Leinster , and was formerly known as Queen 's County . The modern county takes its name from Loígis , a medieval kingdom . Laois County Council is the local authority for the county . The population of the county is 80,559 , according to the 2011 census - 20 % higher than it was in the 2006 census , which is the highest percentage of population growth in the country .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f1f6d8f83dbfcb914d7ac7ddf420c979",
"text": "County judge The term county judge is applied as a descriptor , and sometimes as a title , for a person who presides over a county court . In most cases , such as in Northern Ireland and the Victorian County Courts , a county judge is a judicial officer with civil and / or criminal jurisdiction . In the United States , however , there are some County Courts which exercise primarily administrative functions , in which case the County Judge may exercise largely or solely executive authority and be equivalent to the county executive in other local government areas .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "16d7528c48cf5a33556d90bf95cd8831",
"text": "Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation The Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation , formerly the Fort McDowell Mohave-Apache Community of the Fort McDowell Indian Reservation ) , is a federally recognized tribe and Indian reservation in Maricopa County , Arizona about 23 mi northeast of Phoenix . The reservation was officially created on September 15 , 1903 by executive order , on a small parcel carved from the ancestral lands of the Yavapai people , encompassing 24680 acre . The acreage had been part of the Fort McDowell Military Reserve , which had been an important outpost during the Apache Wars . The original inhabitants of the reservation were members of the kwevikopaya , or Southeastern Yavapai , who lived in the nearby Mazatzal-Four Peak and Superstition Mountains area . In the 1970s , there was a proposal to build a dam at the confluence of the Verde and Salt Rivers . Due to the negative effects such a dam would have had on the reservation , the community voted not to sell the land for the dam to the federal government . What would have been called the `` Orme Dam '' was never built . The reservation celebrates this victory with a rodeo and pow wow each November . After the passage of the 1988 Indian Gaming Regulatory Act , a casino was built on the reservation . In 1992 , agents of the Federal Bureau of Investigation attempted to seize the gaming devices of the casino . This raid took place in conjunction with raids at four other Indian reservations throughout the country . While the raids at the other four reservations went unopposed , members of the Yavapai tribe organized a protest . Using cars , trucks , and large mobile earth moving equipment , they blocked the egress from the property , preventing the trucks from carting off the machines . An agreement was reached between the tribe and Governor Fife Symington allowing the casino to remain in operation . The outside communities of Fountain Hills and Rio Verde lie adjacent to the reservation . In addition to Rio Verde and Fountain Hills , the reservation 's economy is also closely tied to the nearby cities of Mesa , Scottsdale and Phoenix . Also in the area is the Salt River Indian Reservation of the Pima and Maricopa peoples . The tribe operates its own gas station , a large sand and gravel operation , a farm , and the Fort McDowell Casino . Other operations on the reservation include the Wekopa Resort and Conference Center , the Poco Diablo hotel , the Wekopa Golf Course , and Fort McDowell Adventures . The area now occupied by the reservation was the birthplace of the Native American activist , Carlos Montezuma , who founded the Society of American Indians .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b84a9418a2494baa80c418c7751494b1",
"text": "Political party strength in Nevada The following table indicates the party of elected officials in the U.S. state of Nevada : Governor Lieutenant Governor Secretary of State Attorney General State Treasurer State Controller The table also indicates the historical party composition in the : State Senate State Assembly State delegation to the U.S. Senate State delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives For years in which a presidential election was held , the table indicates which party 's nominees received the state 's electoral votes . The parties are as follows : ( D ) , ( R ) , ( S ) , ( S/D ) , and .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b7e813d55a5b6c2a58aed0bcfe852538",
"text": "Northern Arizona Northern Arizona is an unofficial , colloquially-defined region of the U.S. state of Arizona . Generally consisting of Coconino County , Yavapai County , Navajo County , and Apache County , it is geographically dominated by the Colorado Plateau , the southern border of which in Arizona is called the Mogollon Rim . Mohave County , located in the northwest of the state , may or may not be considered part of Northern Arizona , depending on local opinions .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "111970245c66e2d33668f0c6420d8662",
"text": "Nevada Senate The Nevada Senate is the upper house of the Nevada Legislature , the state legislature of U.S. state of Nevada . The Senate currently ( 2012-2021 ) consists of 21 members from single-member districts . In the previous redistricting ( 2002-2011 ) there were 19 districts , two of which were multimember . Since 2012 , there have been 21 districts , each formed by combining two neighboring Assembly districts . Each senator represented approximately 128,598 as of the 2010 census . Article Four of The Nevada Constitution sets that Senators serve staggered four-year terms . In addition , the size of the Senate is set to be no less than one-third and no greater than one-half of the size of the Assembly . Term limits , limiting senators to three 4-year terms ( 12 years ) , took effect in 2010 . Because of the change in Constitution , seven senators were termed out in 2010 , four were termed out in 2012 , and one is to be termed out in 2014 . The Senate met at the Nevada State Capitol in Carson City until 1971 , when a separate Legislative Building was constructed south of the Capitol . The Legislative Building was expanded in 1997 to its current appearance to accommodate the growing Legislature .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "73227be14b1de1de8e60c88b0ef3a3cc",
"text": "Latah County, Idaho Latah County ( pron . -LSB- ` laytɑː -RSB- ) is a county located in the north central region of the U.S. state of Idaho . As of the 2010 census , the population was 37,244 . The county seat and largest city is Moscow , the home of the University of Idaho , the state 's flagship and land-grant university . The county was created in 1888 and named for Latah Creek in its northwest corner . The name in the Nez Perce language means `` the place of pine trees and pestle . '' The tribe found shade under the white pine trees for doing their work and stones suitable for use in pulverizing camas roots to process as one of their food staples . Latah County comprises the Moscow , ID Micropolitan Statistical Area , which is included in the Pullman-Moscow , WA-ID Combined Statistical Area . The county comprises the majority of the eastern portion of the Palouse , famous for its rolling hills and rich agriculture . Latah County is the only county in the U.S. established by an act of Congress ; it was originally part of Nez Perce County , which was reluctant to lose its most populated area .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "767f69b185b5f2962844f784165835f4",
"text": "List of tallest buildings in Las Vegas The city of Las Vegas , Nevada and its surrounding unincorporated communities in the Las Vegas Valley are the sites of more than 160 high-rises , 42 of which stand taller than 400 ft. The tallest structure in the city is the Stratosphere Tower , which rises 1149 ft just north of the Las Vegas Strip . The tower is also the tallest observation tower in the United States . Since the Stratosphere Tower is not fully habitable , however , it is not considered a building . The tallest building in Las Vegas is the Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas , which rises 735 ft and was topped out in November 2008 . This building , however , is currently on hold . The tallest completed building in the city is the 52-story Palazzo , which rises 642 ft and was completed in 2007 . The history of skyscrapers in Las Vegas began with the 1954 completion of the Castaways Hotel and Casino in Downtown Las Vegas ; the 216 ft structure stood as the tallest building in the city until 1961 , and was demolished in 2006 . Beginning with the completion of the Diamond of the Dunes Tower in 1961 , high-rise hotels began to become more concentrated on the Las Vegas Strip . The first high-rise hotel and casino resort to rise higher than 492 ft was the 529 ft New York-New York Hotel & Casino , completed in 1997 . Las Vegas entered into a skyscraper-building boom in the late 1990s that has continued to the present ; of the city 's 40 tallest skyscrapers , 39 were completed after 1997 . As of 2012 , the skyline of Las Vegas is ranked 66th in the world and 18th in the United States with 176 completed high-rises . In what is being dubbed a `` Manhattanization wave '' , there are over 30 skyscrapers that are proposed , approved or under construction in the city that are planned to rise over 400 ft in height . The tallest building approved for the city is the World Jewelry Center , which is planned for construction in Downtown Las Vegas . The 815 ft tower is part of a proposal to construct a hub for the world 's jewelry industry , across from World Market Center Las Vegas . The tallest building under construction in Las Vegas is the Fontainebleau Resort Las Vegas , which has also been the tallest building in the city since its topping out in November 2008 ; construction on the building was suspended in mid-2009 and is currently on hold under owner Carl Icahn . __ TOC __",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2f2e7e1c25a3f1220077d712ae19d8c3",
"text": "Clark County Shooting Complex The Clark County Shooting Complex , located on the northern outskirts of Las Vegas , Nevada , is the largest shooting facility in the United States . The 2900 acre park is being built in stages by Clark County , Nevada . At full build out is anticipated that only 900 acre will be developed with the rest of the site serving as a buffer for the surrounding community . The park is located at the northern end of Decatur Blvd in unincorporated Clark County , just north of the City of Las Vegas boundary .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8e06d039d438da7346e49baba611eb0e",
"text": "Montgomery County, Alabama Montgomery County is a county in the State of Alabama . As of the 2010 census , its population was 229,363 , making it the fourth-most populous county in Alabama . Its county seat is Montgomery , the state capital . Montgomery County is included in the Montgomery , AL Metropolitan Statistical Area .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d7ecf0a1015e437d82b07a1d32cfe4b2",
"text": "Iowa Secretary of State The Iowa Secretary of State is a constitutional officer of the U.S. state of Iowa and is elected every four years . The Office of the Secretary of State is divided into four divisions : Elections and Voter Registration , Business Services , Administrative Services , and Communications and Publications . Elections and Voter Registration deals with supervising the 99 county auditors , elections , and voter registration . The division of the office helps the county auditors in telling them which election practices work best . The division also helps in increasing voter registration . The Business Services Division is a records center for businesses in Iowa . The Administrative Services Division and the Communications and Publications Division is involved in scheduling and providing media information , preservation of documents , recordkeeping , and publishing the Iowa Official Register and the Iowa Official Directory of Federal , State and County Officers . The Secretary of State 's office is housed in the Lucas State Office Building in Des Moines .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7b1742646e0cabcd828b59e04db9aac0",
"text": "Santa Fe County, New Mexico Santa Fe County ( Holy faith ) is a county in the U.S. state of New Mexico . As of the 2010 census , the population was 144,170 , making it New Mexico 's third-most populous county , after Bernalillo County and Doña Ana County . Its county seat is Santa Fe , the state capital . Santa Fe County comprises the Santa Fe , NM Metropolitan Statistical Area , which is also included in the Albuquerque-Santa Fe-Las Vegas , NM Combined Statistical Area .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0fc65560f27642eb86dfb91e5e6504f5",
"text": "Downtown Laredo Downtown Laredo is the second main business district in Laredo , Texas . Downtown Laredo is the starting point for Interstate Highway 35 and State Highway 359 . It is home to all of Laredo 's high-rise buildings . Laredo 's and Webb County 's main government buildings are located in Downtown Laredo . Most of Webb County 's National Register of Historic Places are in this area .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c94a14dde1de5bc87427fe300eb76d55",
"text": "Justice courts (Oregon) Justice courts are courts of law in Oregon with jurisdiction within their county with the circuit court in criminal prosecutions except felony trials . They are held by a justice of the peace . These courts are outside the state-funded court system . Their jurisdiction is limited to traffic , boating , wildlife and other minor violations , but they may handle city ordinance violations if an agreement exists with a city . Justice courts do not have jurisdiction over certain types of civil cases , including disputes over title to real estate , false imprisonment , libel , slander and malicious prosecution . Justice courts were established in Oregon when the region was governed by the Oregon Provisional Government prior to the creation of the Oregon Territory in 1848 , with the first justice of the peace chosen in 1847 . When Oregon became a state in 1859 , justice courts continued in every county . In the second half of the twentieth century , justice courts declined , but the circuit courts were not able to handle the volume of cases as quickly as the justice courts . There are currently thirty justice courts operating in twenty counties , which are conducted using the mode of proceeding and rules of evidence similar to those used in the circuit courts . The court district boundaries are established and authorized by boards of county commissioners .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b846efe07ca891bc0e13b56aab39ea45",
"text": "Nevada State Museum, Las Vegas The Nevada State Museum , Las Vegas located at the Springs Preserve , in Las Vegas , Nevada is one of 6 Nevada State Museums operated by the Nevada Department of Tourism and Cultural Affairs . The name was changed from the Nevada State Museum and Historical Society in 2008 when the museum moved from Lorenzi Park in Las Vegas to the Springs Preserve . The museum houses items from the development of Las Vegas as well as the natural history of the area .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "92a6677a2574eb26c209dcfde1a20390",
"text": "List of counties in Utah There are 29 counties in the U.S. state of Utah . There were originally seven counties established under the provisional State of Deseret in 1849 : Davis , Iron , Sanpete , Salt Lake , Tooele , Utah , and Weber . The Territory of Utah was created in 1851 with the first territorial legislature meeting from 1851 -- 1852 . The first legislature re-created the original counties from the State of Deseret under territorial law as well as establishing three additional counties : Juab , Millard , and Washington . All other counties were established between 1854 and 1894 by the Utah Territorial Legislature under territorial law except for the last two counties formed , Daggett and Duchesne . They were created by popular vote and by gubernatorial proclamation after Utah became a state . Present-day Duchesne County encompassed an Indian reservation that was created in 1861 . The reservation was opened to homesteaders in 1905 and the county was created in 1913 . Due to dangerous roads , mountainous terrain , and bad weather preventing travel via a direct route , residents in present-day Daggett County had to travel 400 to on both stage and rail to conduct business in Vernal , the county seat for Uintah County a mere 50 miles away . In 1917 , all Uintah County residents voted to create Daggett County . Based on the 2010 United States Census data , the population of Utah was 2,763,885 . Just over 75 % of Utah 's population is concentrated along four Wasatch Front counties of Salt Lake , Utah , Davis , and Weber . Salt Lake County was the largest county in the state with a population of 1,029,655 , followed by Utah County with 516,564 , Davis County with 306,479 and Weber County with 231,236 . Daggett County was the least populated with 1,059 people . The largest county in land area is San Juan County with 7821 mi2 and Davis County is the smallest with 304 mi2 . The Federal Information Processing Standard ( FIPS ) code , which is used by the United States government to uniquely identify states and counties , is provided with each county . Utah 's FIPS code is 49 , which when combined with any county code would be written as 49XXX . In the FIPS code column in the table below , each FIPS code links to the most current census data for that county . __ TOC __",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f235594bf5e7f795e0c250fd6b63ec46",
"text": "Counties of Estonia Counties ( maakond , plural maakonnad ) are the first-level administrative subdivisions of Estonia . Estonian territory is composed of 15 counties , including 13 on the mainland and 2 on islands . The government ( maavalitsus ) of each county is led by a -LSB- County Governors of Estonia , maavanem -RSB- ( governor ) who represents the national government ( Vabariigi Valitsus ) at the regional level . Governors are appointed by the national government for a term of five years . Each county is further divided into municipalities of two types : urban municipalities ( towns , linnad ) and rural municipalities ( parishes , vallad ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7d673aa192d292ba26f461c017841af7",
"text": "History of Las Vegas This history of Las Vegas covers both the city of Las Vegas , Nevada , and the Las Vegas Valley . The name Las Vegas was given to the area in 1829 by an Australian scout named Richard , a member of the Antonio Armijo trading party that was traveling to Los Angeles , and stopped for water there while heading north and west on the Old Spanish Trail from New Mexico . At that time , several parts of the valley contained artesian wells surrounded by extensive green areas ; Las Vegas means the meadows in Spanish . The flows from the wells fed the Las Vegas Wash , which runs to the Colorado River .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
1b4fc6a1d1eb790fa65f6545333ff485 | Jennifer Connelly has two children with Paul Bettany. | [
{
"docid": "483406042000776d0bc1891c63c96ccc",
"text": "Paul Bettany Paul Bettany ( born 27 May 1971 ) is an English actor . He is known for his voice role as J.A.R.V.I.S. in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , specifically the films Iron Man ( 2008 ) , Iron Man 2 ( 2010 ) , The Avengers ( 2012 ) , Iron Man 3 ( 2013 ) , and Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) , in which he also portrayed the Vision , in the Marvel Cinematic Universe for which he garnered praise . He reprised his role as the Vision in Captain America : Civil War ( 2016 ) . He first came to the attention of mainstream audiences when he appeared in the British film Gangster No. 1 ( 2000 ) , and director Brian Helgeland 's film A Knight 's Tale ( 2001 ) . He has gone on to appear in a wide variety of films , including A Beautiful Mind ( 2001 ) , Master and Commander : The Far Side of the World ( 2003 ) , Dogville ( 2003 ) , Wimbledon ( 2004 ) , and the adaptation of the novel The Da Vinci Code ( 2006 ) . He has been nominated for various awards , including BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role and a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture . Bettany is married to American actress Jennifer Connelly , with whom he has two children . His most commercially successful films have been The Avengers , which grossed over US$ 1.5 billion , its sequel Avengers : Age of Ultron , which grossed over $ 1.4 billion , Iron Man 3 , which grossed over US$ 1.2 billion , Captain America : Civil War , which grossed over US$ 1.1 billion , and The Da Vinci Code , which grossed US$ 758 million .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "fb2dad83246a714cdbb504dad9c595a8",
"text": "Simon Fields Simon Fields is a native of London and received his education at Stowe School . After graduation , he worked his way through the television commercial production ranks in London to become production manager for the Moving Picture Company . In 1978 , Fields became a producer for Jon Roseman Productions and moved to L.A. within a year to join its U.S. division . He , producer Paul Flattery and director Bruce Gowers . soon left to form Gowers , Fields , Flattery . In 1982 , Gowers Fields Flattery started representing director Steve Barron , of the UK company Limelight in the U.S. . In 1983 Fields left Gowers , Fields , Flattery with Barron to form the US version of Limelight , a company focused on music video , commercial and feature film production , with operations in Los Angeles and London . As president and CEO , Fields oversaw a television commercial division whose accounts included Calvin Klein , Nike and Budweiser , as well as producing the feature film Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles . Limelight also became distinguished as a leader in music video production , working on projects with Michael Jackson , Madonna , Prince , Peter Gabriel , A-ha , David Bowie and others . Toward the end of his twelve-year tenure with Limelight , Fields teamed with director Peter Chelsom in developing and producing feature films . Together they shepherded the Ned Beatty romantic comedy Hear My Song , the Buena Vista distributed Funny Bones starring Oliver Platt and Jerry Lewis ( which earned Fields and Chelsom a London Critics Circle Film Award for British Producer of the Year ) , The Mighty starring Elden Henson , Kieran Culkin and Sharon Stone , Miramax 's romantic comedy Serendipity starring John Cusack and Kate Beckinsale , and the romantic comedy Shall We Dance , starring Richard Gere , Susan Sarandon and Jennifer Lopez . Through Nuyorican , Fields has produced several feature films and served as Executive Producer on many television productions : The crime drama Bordertown , starring Jennifer Lopez and Antonio Banderas , the Picture House release of El Cantante , the story of salsa pioneer Hector Lavoe , starring Lopez and Marc Anthony , and the Sony Pictures release of Feel the Noise , a drama set in New York & Puerto Rico . The company has also produced Dancelife , a dance competition reality series for MTV . Nuyorican also has non-scripted/reality division , and had its first series South Beach Tow premiere on TruTV in July 2011 . Simon Fields currently resides in Los Angeles with his wife Melanie and two children .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9b1772ac334aa501430e85d86f108911",
"text": "Shana Goldberg-Meehan Shana Goldberg-Meehan is an American television producer and television writer . She was an executive producer of Friends and its spinoff Joey , which she also co-created along with Scott Silveri , whom she married in 2006 . In 2005 , she left Joey while Silveri stayed on the show . In 2010 , she created the series Better with You , which ended in 2011 . Goldberg-Meehan 's father was comedy writer Gary David Goldberg , best known for creating Family Ties .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1d35480a2bbe5305fc75e36dd1346160",
"text": "Olivia O'Leary Olivia O'Leary ( born 1949 ) is an Irish journalist , writer and current affairs presenter . Educated at St Leo 's College , Carlow and at University College Dublin ( UCD ) , she worked with the Nationalist and Leinster Times in Carlow . In the late 1970s she began working for The Irish Times as parliamentary sketchwriter . She currently broadcasts a weekly a political diary on Drivetime , a radio programme broadcast by Raidió Teilifís Éireann 's channel RTÉ Radio 1 . In 1972 she joined Raidió Teilifís Éireann ( RTÉ ) as a current affairs presenter and later worked as a presenter on Today Tonight , Questions and Answers and Prime Time . She became the first regular female senior presenter of the BBC 's current affairs programme , Newsnight and also presented First Tuesday , a monthly documentary strand produced by Yorkshire Television for ITV . O'Leary won three Jacob 's Awards during her broadcasting career with RTÉ . Her first came in 1973 for her work as a radio news reporter . In 1982 , she won her second Jacob 's Award for her hosting of Today Tonight . Her chairing of Questions and Answers brought her a third award in 1986 . She has also won a Sony Award for her BBC Radio 4 programme Between Ourselves . She has co-authored the book Mary Robinson : The Authorised Biography , with Dr Helen Burke , and in 2004 wrote Politicians and Other Animals , a sketch on Irish politics . She was Chairperson of the Office of the Ombudsman 's 20th Anniversary Conference . In 2009 she left the Roman Catholic Church over the cover up of clerical abuse scandals and the long-standing refusal of the church to ordain women . She was married to Paul Tansey , Economics Editor of The Irish Times . He died suddenly in September 2008 . She has one daughter , Emily Tansey . On 5 December 2011 she was awarded an honorary doctorate by her alma mater UCD . She is a cousin of TV personality and wine expert Oz Clarke .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9805cfda6b3725b9590c2c0272947beb",
"text": "Duets (film) Duets is a 2000 American road trip film co-produced and directed by Bruce Paltrow and written by John Byrum . The motion picture features an ensemble cast co-starring Gwyneth Paltrow , Paul Giamatti , Maria Bello , Scott Speedman , Andre Braugher , Huey Lewis and Angie Dickinson , among others . The movie `` revolves around the little known world of karaoke competitions and the wayward characters who inhabit it . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1b067f4bf0aaa83eb18fe1900b77afce",
"text": "James Costigan James Costigan ( March 31 , 1926 -- December 19 , 2007 ) was an American television actor and Emmy Award-winning television screenwriter . His writing credited included the Eleanor and Franklin and Love Among the Ruins television movies . Costigan was born on March 31 , 1926 in East Los Angeles , where his parents owned and operated a hardware store . He first achieved some level of success in the 1950s , when he began being hired to write television anthology series , such as Studio One and Kraft Television Theatre . Costigan won his first Emmy for original teleplay in 1959 for Little Moon of Alban , a segment which appeared as part of the Hallmark Hall of Fame . He earned a second Emmy nomination in for his script adaptation of The Turn of the Screw in 1959 . He did not win , but Ingrid Bergman won an Emmy for her performance in The Turn of the Screw . He increasingly began writing for the stage as the format of television began to change . His Broadway credits included Baby Want a Kiss , a 1964 comedy which starred Joanne Woodward and Paul Newman . He returned to screenwriting for television in the early 1970s . His 1970s work included A War of Children , written in 1972 , which was about two families , one Roman Catholic and one Protestant , in Northern Ireland , whose long time friendship is threatened by sectarian violence . He won a second Emmy Award for Love Among the Ruins , a 1975 television movie set in Edwardian England , which starred Katharine Hepburn and Laurence Olivier . His third Emmy win was for Eleanor and Franklin ( 1976 ) , a two-part , four-hour-long television drama focusing on the lives of Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "474fdadfe34c831635ff2e5a8d2442c0",
"text": "Paul Ronan Paul Anthony Ronan ( born 21 March 1965 ) is an Irish actor . He has been a regular performer in TV and films since the mid - '90s , notably as Edso Dowling in the Ballykissangel TV series ; other TV appearances include Rebel Heart and The Tudors . He is the father of actress Saoirse Ronan .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b1f6fae7841b05f65c05c20fb3ec80de",
"text": "Jennifer Maguire Jennifer Zamparelli ( née Maguire ) ( born 9 April 1982 ) is an Irish television presenter . She is known for her writing and role on the TV show Republic of Telly , and as co-host of the 2FM morning show Breakfast Republic with Bernard O'Shea and Keith Walsh .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "891251c304601a58a2b2dbcdedf63517",
"text": "Matthew Connelly Matthew Connelly is an American professor of international and global history at Columbia University in the city of New York . His areas of expertise include the global Cold War , official secrecy , population control , and decolonization . He is the author of Fatal Misconception : The Struggle to Control World Population , A Diplomatic Revolution : Algeria 's Fight for Independence and the Origins of the Post-Cold War Era , and articles on international and domestic politics for The Atlantic Monthly , The New York Times , and The National Interest . Connelly is also the founder and principal investigator of History Lab .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c50317b154b9e0b59948a13b6b3368d7",
"text": "Pat Toomey Patrick Joseph Toomey ( born November 17 , 1961 ) is an American businessman and politician . He is the junior United States Senator for Pennsylvania , in office since 2011 , and a member of the Republican Party . Previously , Toomey served as a United States Representative for three terms , from 1999 to 2005 , but he did not seek a fourth term in compliance with a term limits pledge he had made while running for office in 1998 . Toomey attended La Salle Academy in Providence , Rhode Island before earning a B.A. in government from Harvard College . He was employed first by Chemical Bank and subsequently by Morgan , Grenfell & Co. beginning in 1984 and 1986 , respectively , until resigning from the latter in 1991 . Prior to being elected to the U.S. Senate , Toomey served as the U.S. Representative for from 1999 to 2005 . He narrowly lost the Republican primary for United States Senate in 2004 . From 2005 to 2009 , he served as president of the Club for Growth . After becoming the Republican nominee for the 2010 U.S. Senate election in Pennsylvania , Toomey was elected to the seat on November 2 , 2010 , defeating his Democratic opponent , former U.S. Navy Three-star admiral and Congressman Joe Sestak . He is currently the only Republican holding statewide office in Pennsylvania . In the U.S. Senate , Toomey serves on the Committee on Banking , Housing , and Urban Affairs , the Committee on the Budget , the Committee on Finance , and the Congressional Joint Economic Committee , among others including several subcommittees . In 2011 , he also served on the Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction . In April 2012 , Toomey was named to succeed South Carolina Senator Jim DeMint as chairman of the United States Senate Steering Committee , a Senate Republican caucus . Toomey was re-elected on November 8 , 2016 , to his second term as the junior United States Senator from Pennsylvania , defeating Katie McGinty in the general election .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "43a0ab5a2662bf73620e313cabe6a84d",
"text": "My Family (series 2) The second series of the BBC family sitcom My Family originally aired between 31 August and 30 November 2001 . The second series was commissioned after good ratings from the first series . The opening episode , `` All Roads Lead To Ramon '' , re-introduces the five main characters from the first series , with the addition of Brian , played by Kevin Bishop , who appeared in nearly every episode in the series . All thirteen episodes in series two are thirty minutes in length . The series was produced by Rude Boy Productions , a company that produces comedies created by Fred Barron . The series was filmed at Pinewood Studios in London , in front of a live audience .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a7857cf9768ff317f8d4c517ab2b4b13",
"text": "America: A Tribute to Heroes America : A Tribute to Heroes was a benefit concert created by the heads of the four major American broadcast networks ; Fox , ABC , NBC and CBS . Joel Gallen was selected by them to produce and run the show . Actor George Clooney organized celebrities to perform and to staff the telephone bank . The marketing and public relations was headed by Warner Bros. . EVP Corp Comm with assistance from the marketing and publicity departments of all four broadcast networks . It was broadcast live by the four major American television networks and all of the cable networks in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001 . Done in the style of a telethon , it featured a number of national and international entertainers performing to raise money for the victims and their families , particularly the New York City firefighters and New York City police officers . It aired September 21 , 2001 , uninterrupted and commercial-free , for which it won a Peabody Award . It was released on December 4 , 2001 , on compact disc and DVD . On a dark stage illuminated by hundreds of candles , twenty-one artists performed songs of mourning and hope , while various actors and other celebrities delivered short spoken messages . The musical performances took place at three studios in Los Angeles ( CBS Television City ) , New York , and London , while the celebrity messages took place at Los Angeles . Some of the musicians including Neil Young and Eddie Vedder were heard working the phone banks taking pledges . The money raised amounted to over $ 200 million , and was given to the United Way 's September 11 Telethon Fund . In 2004 , Rolling Stone magazine selected this concert , along with the later The Concert for New York City , as one of the 50 moments that changed rock and roll . The show was also simulcast in Canada ; Young and another Canadian singer , Celine Dion , performed .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3e112d28a09d70117e27782ede378f7c",
"text": "Silver Linings Playbook Silver Linings Playbook is a 2012 American romantic comedy-drama film written and directed by David O. Russell . It was adapted from the novel The Silver Linings Playbook , by Matthew Quick . The film stars Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence , with Robert De Niro , Jacki Weaver , Chris Tucker , Anupam Kher , and Julia Stiles in supporting roles . Cooper plays Patrick `` Pat '' Solitano , Jr. , a man with bipolar disorder who is released from a psychiatric hospital and moves back in with his parents , played by Robert De Niro and Jacki Weaver . Determined to win back his estranged wife , Pat meets recently widowed Tiffany Maxwell , portrayed by Jennifer Lawrence , who offers to help him get his wife back if he enters a dance competition with her . The two become closer as they train and Pat , his father , and Tiffany examine their relationships with each other as they cope with their problems . Silver Linings Playbook premiered at the 2012 Toronto International Film Festival on September 8 , 2012 , and was released in the United States on November 16 , 2012 . The film opened to major critical success and earned numerous accolades . It received eight Academy Award nominations , including Best Picture , Best Director , Best Adapted Screenplay . It became the first film since 1981 's Reds to be Oscar-nominated for the four acting categories and the first since 2004 's Million Dollar Baby to be nominated for the Big Five Oscars , with Lawrence winning the Academy Award for Best Actress . It also achieved four Golden Globe Award nominations , with Lawrence winning Best Actress ; three BAFTA nominations , with Russell winning for Best Adapted Screenplay ; four Screen Actors Guild nominations ; and five Independent Spirit Award nominations , winning in four categories , including Best Film . The film was a success at the box office , grossing over $ 236 million worldwide , more than eleven times its budget .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "823bc1cc84d8411f9c7f88430a174478",
"text": "Calli Cox Calli Cox ( born Kristy Jo Connelly ; February 26 , 1977 ) is an American former pornographic actress .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "171e45fb8272353ecf9f3860226d860c",
"text": "Jennifer Freeman Jennifer Nichole Freeman ( born October 20 , 1985 ) is an American actress , often credited as Jennifer N. Freeman . She is best known for playing the role of Claire Kyle in the sitcom My Wife and Kids .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fa372d29b902c23059f58e6252227e94",
"text": "Jennifer Grant Jennifer Diane Grant ( born February 26 , 1966 ) is an American actress , the only child of actors Cary Grant and Dyan Cannon . She is best known for roles in the television series Beverly Hills , 90210 and Movie Stars .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "90588f2fcbf74e57bfcb420a966f1ea2",
"text": "Renn Hawkey Renn McDonnell Hawkey ( born March 29 , 1974 ) , previously known by the stage name Dr. Nner , is an American musician , songwriter , film producer , and occasional actor . From 1996 until 2008 , he played the synthesizer for the band Deadsy , performing on their self-titled debut album ( 1996 ) , and the subsequent releases Commencement ( 2002 ) and Phantasmagore ( 2006 ) . Following his departure from the band , his main profession is now carpentry . Hawkey has been married to Academy Award-nominated actress Vera Farmiga since 2008 . In 2011 , Hawkey served as musical director and producer on Farmiga 's directorial debut film Higher Ground . In 2015 , he had a recurring role as Paul Koretsky on A&E 's remake of The Returned .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7dddf693cdbfa40dcf1e5bc433781293",
"text": "Akintunde Warnock Akintunde Warnock ( born October 23 , 1971 ) , better known as Akintunde or Ak , is a comedian , writer , director and actor from the United States . Warnock first realised that he wanted to be a comedian whilst he was a pupil at Raymont Junior Academy in Savannah , Georgia . He was a fat child who was bullied and he enjoyed the laughter of his classmates when he mocked his tormentors . After working as a barber he began a full-time career as a stand-up comedian in 1995 . He travelled the United States performing all over the country , on BET 's Comicview , and in the Turner South series That Comedy Show . He wrote material for the television show It 's Showtime at the Apollo , and comedians Monique and Chris Tucker , He became a Christian in 1999 and adapted Atlanta Bishop Eddie Long 's book I Do n't Want Delilah , I Need You into a movie screenplay . He made a documentary on black comedians called No Joke , which he co-produced with comedian J. Anthony Brown from the Tom Joyner Morning Show . The documentary features life on the road with black comedians such as Steve Harvey , Renaldo Ray and Paul Mooney . Warnock and his wife , Eunissa , have five children : Akintunde II ( born 1994 ) ; Jaleel ( 1996 ) ; Deja ( 1997 ) ; Khalia ( August 2000 ) ; Elijah Prince ( November 2002 ) . They live in Irmo , South Carolina .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3223df9b0559d650b1d26841144f7ba4",
"text": "Katherine Connella Katherine Connella ( born December 12 , 1958 in Dallas , Texas ) is an American actress and writer . She had a variety of acting roles from 1976 until 2001 . Connella wrote an autobiography , Sugar and Spice and Puppy Dog Tails : Growing Up Intersexed in 2000 . The initial idea for the screenplay of the 2005 film Transamerica occurred in conversations between Connella and her then-roommate screenwriter/director Duncan Tucker .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "642b8e634a5545adbea9ed34b1da2859",
"text": "A Beautiful Mind (soundtrack) A Beautiful Mind is the original soundtrack album , on the Decca Records label , of the 2001 film A Beautiful Mind starring Russell Crowe , Jennifer Connelly ( who won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her role as `` Alicia Nash '' ) , Christopher Plummer and Paul Bettany . The original score and songs were composed and conducted by James Horner . The album garnered nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the Academy Award for Best Original Score . Music critics felt that the musical score fit the film well , but believed it to be similar to several of Horner 's previous films .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "62f7ed2429badbffbefe64ac65fcf4cf",
"text": "Patricia Arquette Patricia Arquette ( born April 8 , 1968 ) is an American actress . She made her film debut in A Nightmare on Elm Street 3 : Dream Warriors ( 1987 ) at the age of eighteen . Her notable films include Tony Scott 's True Romance ( 1993 ) , Tim Burton 's Ed Wood ( 1994 ) , David O. Russell 's Flirting with Disaster ( 1996 ) , David Lynch 's Lost Highway ( 1997 ) , Stephen Frears 's The Hi-Lo Country ( 1998 ) , Martin Scorsese 's Bringing Out the Dead ( 1999 ) , and Andrew Davis 's Holes ( 2003 ) . For her performance in Richard Linklater 's Boyhood ( 2014 ) , which was filmed from 2002 until 2014 , she received widespread critical praise and won the Academy Award , BAFTA Award , Critics ' Choice Award , Golden Globe Award , Independent Spirit Award , and SAG Award for Best Supporting Actress . Arquette 's Academy Award acceptance speech , which she used to bring female wage inequality to attention , received widespread news coverage . On television , she played the character Allison DuBois -- based on the author and medium Allison DuBois , who claims to have psychic abilities -- in the supernatural drama series Medium ( 2005 -- 11 ) . She received three Golden Globe nominations and two Emmy Award nominations , winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama in 2005 . Arquette also appeared in the CSI franchise as Avery Ryan , the Deputy Director of the FBI , starring in CSI : Cyber ( 2015 -- 16 ) .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
1906b94318ea29377dafa21a974e649a | Donnie Wahlberg was nominated for a Teen Choice Award in 2008. | [
{
"docid": "b93d798ddeafe2b11bb79d6a1eb538e3",
"text": "Donnie Wahlberg Donald Edmond `` Donnie '' Wahlberg Jr. . ( born August 17 , 1969 ) is an American singer , songwriter , actor , record producer , and film producer . He is a founding member of the boy band New Kids on the Block . Outside of music , he has had roles in the Saw films , The Sixth Sense , Dreamcatcher , and Righteous Kill , also appearing in the World War II miniseries Band of Brothers as First Lieutenant Carwood Lipton . From 2002 to 2003 , he starred in the crime drama Boomtown . He has been starring in the drama series Blue Bloods as Danny Reagan with Tom Selleck ( his TV father ) and Bridget Moynahan ( his TV sister ) since 2010 , and since 2014 is an executive producer of the TNT reality television show Boston 's Finest . He was nominated for Choice Scream at the 2008 Teen Choice Awards for his work in the Saw films . He has also produced and starred in `` Rock this Boat '' , `` Donnie Loves Jenny '' and `` Return of the Mac '' on Pop TV .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "954fb124398fb6dd46f24987a37ce950",
"text": "2008 Webby Awards The 12th annual 2008 Webby Awards were held on June 10 , 2008 and emceed by SNL head writer Seth Meyers and help at Cipriani , a massive banquet hall in Manhattan 's financial district . The Webby Film and Video Awards were held on June 9 at Skirball Center for the Performing Arts and were hosted by Judah Friedlander . The awards were judged by the International Academy of Digital Arts and Sciences , and winners were selected from over 10,000 entries . Lorne Michaels was honored with a lifetime achievement award .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "16054a9b332caaea970d46ceaa907e6b",
"text": "28th Golden Raspberry Awards The 28th Golden Raspberry Awards or Razzies were held on February 23 , 2008 , in Santa Monica , California , USA , to honor the worst films of 2007 . The nominations were announced on January 21 . In line with Razzies tradition , both the nominee announcements and ceremony preceded the corresponding Academy Awards functions by one day . The most nominated film of 2007 was I Know Who Killed Me with nine nominations , followed by I Now Pronounce You Chuck and Larry and Norbit with eight each . I Know Who Killed Me was the big winner of the evening , receiving eight awards for a new Razzie record . Eddie Murphy received a Razzie record five personal nominations , all surrounding his work ( especially his performance of multiple characters ) in Norbit . He ended up winning three awards , one for each character he portrayed . The actress Lindsay Lohan also won three awards for her dual roles in I Know Who Killed Me . The special category introduced this year was Worst Excuse for a Horror Movie .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "266db1c05a1308f55888fac0b067f51a",
"text": "2006 MTV Movie Awards The 2006 MTV Movie Awards were hosted by Jessica Alba and featured performances by Christina Aguilera , AFI and Gnarls Barkley . In addition to the below awards , MTV gave lifetime achievement awards to Jim Carrey ( The MTV Generation Award ) and Spike Lee ( The Silver Bucket of Excellence , for Do the Right Thing ) . MTV held its 15th annual movie awards show on Saturday , June 3 , at the Sony Pictures Studios in Culver City , California . MTV first broadcast the award show on 8 June at 9:00 pm ET . Tenth Planet Productions produced the awards , and Joel Gallen was the executive-producer and director for the 12th consecutive year . This is also the second MTV Movie Awards show to have a host win an award . The first show was in 2004 with Lindsay Lohan winning an award . The host for the MTV Movie Awards in 2006 was Jessica Alba . Christina Aguilera performed , for the very first time , her lead single of her latest release Back to Basics , `` Ai n't No Other Man '' . Pre-recorded parodies include The Da Vinci Code , Mission : Impossible III , and King Kong .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "428b10dd0438c60c4a4b728cb82d3674",
"text": "Teen drama A teen drama is a genre or type of drama series with a major focus on teenage and young adult characters . It came into prominence in the early 1990s , especially with the popularity of the Fox series Beverly Hills , 90210 . After 90210 became a success , television writers and producers realized the potential for this new genre to reach out to a previously ignored demographic . In the past , most series that maintained a focus on teenagers had been sitcoms , while adolescents in drama series were usually part of a larger ensemble that included adults and children . More often than not , teen dramas have soap opera elements , incorporating one or more ongoing story arcs spanning several episodes . The young characters must deal with the dramatic ups and downs of their friendships and romances while facing an array of issues thought to be typical of adolescence . There have also been many successful teen-based series with major science fiction , fantasy and action/adventure themes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "827c92d5edbcf33d258b98a603552377",
"text": "2001 MTV Movie Awards The 2001 MTV Movie Awards were held on June 2 , 2001 , and were hosted by Jimmy Fallon and Kirsten Dunst . The program featured performances from Christina Aguilera , Lil ' Kim , Mýa and Pink ( Moulin Rouge ! ) , Dave Matthews Band and Weezer . Sofia Coppola was presented with an award for Best New Filmmaker . This was Aaliyah 's last appearance at the Movie Awards before her death two months later in a plane crash in the Bahamas .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "752227b3b7a63d61f5f2d679802fae77",
"text": "Golden Boot Awards The Golden Boot Awards is an American acknowledgment of achievement honoring actors , actresses , and crew members who have made significant contributions to the genre of Western television and movies . The award is sponsored and presented by the Motion Picture & Television Fund . Money raised at the award banquet is used to help finance various services offered by the Fund to those in the entertainment industry . Actor Pat Buttram conceived the idea of the Golden Boot Award , and the first ones were presented in 1983 . The awards appear to have been discontinued since 2007 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ed0071482bbfb4a5b13c38c263d3d2ec",
"text": "2014 Teen Choice Awards The 2014 Teen Choice Awards ceremony was held on August 10 , 2014 at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . The event was originally scheduled to take place at the UCLA Pauley Pavilion , which was flooded by a broken water pipe on July 29 , 2014 near the campus . It was broadcast on Fox at 8:00 -- 10:00 pm ET live/PT tape-delayed . The awards celebrate the year 's achievements in music , film , television , sports , fashion , comedy , and the Internet , and were voted on by viewers aged 13 through 19 . Selena Gomez was awarded the Ultimate Choice Award during the show . One Direction were the biggest winners of the night , winning all ten awards they were nominated for ( including an award given out to Harry Styles and one dedicated to their fans ) . The Fault in Our Stars won all seven of its nominations as well , including four awards for Ansel Elgort .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fddff19ac1068b5226e0b5f2075a65cf",
"text": "List of teen films Teen film is a film genre targeted at teenagers and young adults in which the plot is based upon the special interests of teenagers and young adults , such as coming of age , first love , rebellion , conflict with parents , teen angst , and alienation . Some of these films are targeted at adults as well as teenagers . Teen films have been a trope of the cinema industry for decades since the 1950s . At this time , the film industry saw a greater market for teens with more disposable income and therefore more money to spend on leisure activities , largely going to films . Because of the boom in teen viewers , drive-in movie theaters were also very popular . However , even the silent era had teen films . Recently , online streaming services such as Netflix have created a resurgence in the `` tween '' and teenage-oriented film .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ddf51ba6daebaca6eefca61f71babc37",
"text": "The Family That Preys The Family That Preys is a 2008 American movie drama written , produced , and directed by Tyler Perry . The screenplay focuses on two families , one wealthy and the other working class , whose lives are intertwined in both love and business . The movie is the second of four in which Perry 's signature character , Madea , does not make an appearance . It is also the second Perry-directed film ( alongside Daddy 's Little Girls ) that is not based on any of the filmmaker 's stage plays .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "50c4a64d5d895e42b0ef8e54e0fd9236",
"text": "Wanted (2008 film) Wanted is a 2008 American-German action thriller film loosely based on the comic book miniseries of the same name by Mark Millar and J. G. Jones . The film , written by Chris Morgan , Michael Brandt , and Derek Haas and directed by Timur Bekmambetov stars James McAvoy , Morgan Freeman , and Angelina Jolie . The storyline follows Wesley Gibson ( McAvoy ) , a frustrated account manager who discovers that he is the son of a professional assassin and decides to join the Fraternity , a secret society in which his father worked . Universal Studios acquired the adaptation rights from Millar in 2004 , and while the eventual script drifted from the comic book supervillain mythos in the original miniseries , Millar was content to see most of the comic 's darker content was retained . Production began in April 2007 , with filming in the Czech Republic , Budapest , and the story 's main setting , Chicago . Wanted was released in June 2008 to both critical and commercial success , with box office earnings of $ 341 million worldwide and reviews praising the fast pacing and stylized action scenes . A sequel was planned the same year as the film 's release , but ultimately stalled in the development phase .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "57a4179df61e794bc018be111d756bff",
"text": "Kings of South Beach Kings of South Beach is a film written by Nicholas Pileggi about an infamous operator of nightclubs in the South Beach section of Miami Beach , Florida . The lead character is portrayed by Jason Gedrick ; his best friend is portrayed by Donnie Wahlberg . The film premiered on March 12 , 2007 on the A&E Network .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "397e0847a96055279a8d81151860011a",
"text": "List of 2008 box office number-one films in the United States This is a list of films which have placed number one at the weekend box office in the United States during 2008 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a96fed149591ca6f0cff27eb1f1498bd",
"text": "List of accolades received by Dallas Buyers Club Dallas Buyers Club is a 2013 American biographical drama film directed by Jean-Marc Vallée based on a screenplay written by Craig Borten and Melisa Wallack . Matthew McConaughey stars as Ron Woodroof , an AIDS patient who smuggles unapproved AIDS drug treatments into Texas and establishes the titular club where he distributes them amongst other AIDS sufferers whilst opposed by the Food and Drug Administration . Jared Leto and Jennifer Garner feature in supporting roles . Dallas Buyers Club premiered at the Toronto International Film Festival on September 7 , 2013 . Focus Features initially gave the film a limited release at nine theaters on November 1 before expanding it on November 22 to over 600 theaters in the United States and Canada . The film grossed a worldwide total of over $ 55 million on a production budget of $ 5 million . Rotten Tomatoes , a review aggregator , surveyed 234 reviews and judged 94 % to be positive . Dallas Buyers Club garnered awards and nominations in a variety of categories with particular praise for the performances of actors , McConaughey and Leto . At the 86th Academy Awards , the film received six nominations , including Best Picture , Best Original Screenplay , Best Actor for McConaughey , and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . McConaughey and Leto went on to win their respective categories -- only the fifth film in Oscars history to win both awards . Hairstylist Adruitha Lee , and makeup artist Robin Mathews won for Best Makeup and Hairstyling . Mathews ' makeup budget for the film was only $ 250 . At the 71st Golden Globe Awards , McConaughey won for Best Actor -- Motion Picture Drama , and Leto won for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture . At the Screen Actors Guild Awards the film had three nominations ; winning Best Actor for McConaughey and Best Supporting Actor for Leto . Borten and Wallack 's screenplay was also nominated for Best Original Screenplay at the Writers Guild of America Awards . The National Board of Review named Dallas Buyers Club one of the top ten independent films of 2013 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd",
"text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1445773c08da50707979a85167e4edf4",
"text": "Houston Film Critics Society Awards 2010 The 4th Houston Film Critics Society Awards were presented on December 18 , 2010 . These awards for `` extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Houston Film Critics Society ( HFCS ) based in Houston , Texas . The organization , founded in 2007 , includes 22 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications in the greater Houston area . The awards are co-sponsored by the Houston Film Commission , Southwest Alternate Media Project , Women in Film and Television/Houston , WorldFest , and the Houston Cinema Arts Society . The nominations for the 2010 awards were announced on December 12 , 2010 . Eligible films do not need to have played or opened in a Houston film theater prior to the nomination deadline , merely made available to the HFCS membership at a screening or on DVD . Along with the 13 `` best of '' category awards , this year also saw the introduction of a new category for `` Worst Movies of the Year '' . The Social Network , True Grit , and 127 Hours each received six nominations , all including the Best Picture , Actor , Direction , and Original Score categories . The Social Network was the HFCS 's most awarded film of 2010 taking top honors in the Best Picture , Best Director ( David Fincher ) , Best Actor ( Jesse Eisenberg ) , and Best Screenplay ( Aaron Sorkin ) categories . Inception was the only other film to garner multiple awards , winning both the Best Original Score ( Hans Zimmer ) and Best Cinematography ( Wally Pfister ) prizes . The other acting awards went to Natalie Portman as Best Actress for Black Swan , Hailee Steinfeld as Best Supporting Actress for True Grit , and Christian Bale as Best Supporting Actor for The Fighter . The remaining film honors went to Toy Story 3 as Best Animated Film , Restrepo as Best Documentary , and The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo as Best Foreign Language Film . `` We Are Sex Bob-Omb '' by Beck from Scott Pilgrim vs. the World was named the Best Original Song . The HFCS 's first-ever award for `` Worst Picture '' was given to Jonah Hex starring Josh Brolin . In addition to the category awards , the HFCS presented their annual Lifetime Achievement Award to Sissy Spacek and its Humanitarian Award to George Clooney . Clooney was selected for `` selflessly using his celebrity for greater good '' . The HFCS award for Outstanding Achievement in Cinema awards were presented to Charles Dove , director of the Rice University Media Center , and Hector Luna , the founder and editor of C-47 Houston .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fa01a28988dd862190f41d40ce54fe35",
"text": "Dirty Dancing (song) `` Dirty Dancing '' is the third overall single from New Kids on the Block 's 2008 album , The Block . It was produced by RedOne . The lead vocals were sung by Jordan Knight and Donnie Wahlberg .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4b10e9afb6d9a95ed56bf52dcdd8261c",
"text": "Donnie Darko (soundtrack) The Donnie Darko soundtrack was created by Michael Andrews and released in 2002 . It consisted of 16 instrumental tracks and two covers of `` Mad World '' by Tears for Fears .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "17f63184e1642cec628bc8660f185454",
"text": "Naomi Clark Naomi Clark , played by AnnaLynne McCord , is a fictional character from the CW primetime drama 90210 , the fourth series of the Beverly Hills , 90210 franchise . The character was created by Rob Thomas , Gabe Sachs , and Jeff Judah , with later developments by Rebecca Sinclair , and occasional input from McCord . During early stages of production , Naomi was largely described as a privileged and popular teenager . Prior to the series ' premiere , Sachs and Judah would further develop Naomi into an antiheroine with a number of flaws , virtues , and familial issues . In the second season , Sinclair , the new show-runner , maintained the previous developments but presented a more comedic take on the character . McCord has expressed fondness for the multi-faceted nature of the role , citing it as a factor in her decision to accept the part . Often regarded as the show 's central figure , Naomi has received critical acclaim from the Los Angeles Times , Entertainment Weekly , People magazine , and other media outlets . Reviews have praised AnnaLynne McCord 's performance and the complexity of the role . Conversely , Naomi has also been a recipient of criticism , particularly during the second season . For her work in the role , McCord was nominated for a Teen Choice Award in 2009 , and won a Breakthrough of the Year Award in 2010 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "890cb53e5414a6e5217cdd7fc4f71c3f",
"text": "List of awards and nominations received by Angelina Jolie The following is a list of awards and nominations received by American actress and filmmaker Angelina Jolie . She received three Golden Globe Awards , two Screen Actors Guild Awards , and an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her portrayals of First Lady of Alabama Cornelia Wallace in George Wallace ( 1997 ) , troubled supermodel Gia Carangi in Gia ( 1998 ) , and a sociopathic mental patient in Girl , Interrupted ( 1999 ) . Her later performances as Mariane Pearl in A Mighty Heart ( 2007 ) and Christine Collins in Changeling ( 2008 ) earned her additional nominations , including for an Academy Award for Best Actress . For her work in the action films Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow ( 2004 ) , Mr. and Mrs. Smith ( 2005 ) , Wanted ( 2008 ) , and The Tourist ( 2010 ) , Jolie received awards based on popular votes , including an MTV Movie Award , two People 's Choice Awards , and four Teen Choice Awards .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e48607221dc7fedcafb374986dab3b49",
"text": "2008 Australian Film Institute Awards The 50th Annual Australian Film Institute Awards for film and television acting achievement in the cinema of Australia in 2008 were presented in a ceremony on 5 -- 6 December 2008 . During the ceremony , the Australian Film Institute presented Australian Film Institute Awards ( commonly referred to as AFI Awards ) in 40 categories including feature films , television , animation and documentaries . It was hosted by Stephen Curry of TV1 's The King . The nominees for Best Documentary , Best Short Fiction Film and Best Short Animation were announced on 7 August whilst all the other nominees were announced at the Nominations Announcement in Sydney on 29 October . The Black Balloon had the most nominations with a total of 11 including Best Film .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
c64c9af5c0eef2a8942f3c1e70cf739f | Alexander Lukashenko is a head of state. | [
{
"docid": "6867545e46e2e83a20ce7c1112f55de9",
"text": "Alexander Lukashenko Aleksandr Grigoryevich Lukashenko ( Алякса́ндр Рыго́равіч Лукашэ́нка , Aliaksandr Ryhoravič Lukašenka , Алекса́ндр Григо́рьевич Лукаше́нко born 30 August 1954 ) is the President of Belarus , in office since 20 July 1994 . Before his career as a politician , Lukashenko worked as director of a state-owned agricultural farm and spent time with the Soviet Border Troops and the Soviet Army . He was the only deputy to vote against the independence of Belarus from the Soviet Union . Lukashenko opposed Western-backed `` shock therapy '' during the post-Soviet transition . He has retained Soviet-era policies , such as continued state ownership of key industries , despite objections from Western governments . Observers also contend that Lukashenko presides over a regime steeped in Soviet nostalgia . Belarus has been labeled `` Europe 's last dictatorship '' by some Western journalists , on account of Lukashenko 's self-described authoritarian style of government . Lukashenko and other Belarusian officials are also the subject of sanctions imposed by the European Union and the United States for human rights violations off and on since 2006 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f3d4cff0ab95d325374872b0594f4b96",
"text": "President of Belarus The office of President of Belarus is the head of state of Belarus . The office was created in 1994 with the passing of the Constitution of Belarus by the Supreme Soviet . This replaced the office of Chairman of the Supreme Soviet as the head of state . The tasks of the president including executing foreign and domestic policy , defend the rights and general welfare of citizens and residents and to uphold the Constitution . The president is mandated by the Constitution to serve as a leader in the social affairs of the country and to act as its main representative abroad . The duties , responsibilities and other transitional clauses dealing with the presidency are listed in Chapter Three , Articles 79 through 89 , of the Constitution . The term for the president is five years , but due to a 1996 referendum , the election that was supposed to occur in 1999 was pushed back to 2001 . Under the 1994 constitution , the president could only serve for two terms as president , but due to a change in the constitution , term limits were eliminated . During the course of the office , elections were held in 1994 , 2001 , 2006 , 2010 and on 11 October 2015 . Alexander Lukashenko has been the only person who has served as president since the elections in 1994 . The Presidential office is located in the Republic Palace in Minsk , while the presidential residence is located in Zaslawye , Minsk District .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "6e50f363da46b27bb473972a94185b4d",
"text": "Government of Russia The Government of the Russia ( exercises executive power in the Russian Federation . The members of the government are the Prime Minister , the deputy prime ministers , and the federal ministers . It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law `` On the Government the Russian Federation '' . According to the 1991 amendment to the 1978 Russian Constitution , the President of Russia was the head of the executive branch and headed the Council of Ministers of Russia . According to the current 1993 Constitution of Russia , the President is not a part of the Government of Russia , which exercises executive power . But , the President does appoint the Prime Minister . The Chapter 6 of the Constitution of Russia says , that `` The Government of the Russian Federation consists of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation ( Prime Minister ) , Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and federal ministries '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fe559d0b03c2f3ba3411f15a1ca3fb51",
"text": "Radio 101.2 (Belarus) Radio 101.2 was a radio station in the Belarusian capital of Minsk . In 1995 and 1996 the radio station , which is at the frequency 101.2 , was broadcasting news and was not affiliated with the national government . Soros Foundation helped to buy the equipment for newly started radio in 1995 . The station was closed on formally technical reasons and was transferred over to the Belarusian Republican Youth Union , who still uses the radio today . The government has claimed that the station , and its frequency , was interfering with the radio communications of the Minsk police force . Independent groups claimed that this was another method by the government of Alexander Lukashenko to suppress the freedom of the press inside of Belarus .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "02bd5388060ae1ce745b852a6df1b8ab",
"text": "Our Ukraine Our Ukraine ( Ukrainian : Наша Україна -- Nasha Ukraina or Nasha Ukrayina ) is a popular political name in Ukraine during the Orange Revolution . It may refer to : Reforms and Order Party ( before 2005 ) Our Ukraine ( political party ) ( after 2005 ) Our Ukraine Bloc for the Ukrainian parliamentary election , 2006 for the Ukrainian parliamentary election , 2002 , Bloc of Viktor Yushchenko `` Our Ukraine '' for the Ukrainian parliamentary election , 2007 , Our Ukraine -- People 's Self-Defense Bloc Category : Politics of Ukraine",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2c8dbb3ba941b32a6d83585d1c2ab93d",
"text": "Yekhanurov government The first Yekhanurov Government was appointed after the first Tymoshenko Government was sacked amid resignations and corruption claims . Twelve days later the Ukrainian Parliament rejecting Ukrainian President Viktor Yushchenko choice of Yuri Yekhanurov for Prime Minister . Yekhanurov was three votes short of the 226 needed for approval with three out of 52 deputies from the Regions faction voting for Yekhanurov . On September 22 , 2005 the Ukrainian parliament did approved Yekhanurov appointment with 289 votes . This time all the Parliamentarians of the Party of Regions faction of losing presidential candidate ( in 2004 ) Viktor Yanukovych backed the appointment . This shortly after a `` Memorandum Of Understanding Between The Authorities And The Opposition '' was signed by Yekhanurov , Yushchenko and Yanukovych . Yekhanurov government lost a vote of no confidence on January 10 , 2006 but stayed in power until the parliamentary election two months later .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "60c0a47d13bf4386d3076ae55409a00d",
"text": "Mariusz Maszkiewicz Mariusz Maszkiewicz ( born in Iława on May 31 , 1959 ) , is a doctor of human sciences , a diplomat , publicist , sociologist and economist . He has authored many articles covering diverse sociological issues , as well as studies into religions and international relations . He read sciences from 1981 to 1989 in the Jagiellonian University of Kraków . During his time there , he became involved in the underground freedom movement that flourished in Poland at that time , and led the Wolność i Pokój ( Freedom and Peace ) organisation between 1986 and 1990 . Unlike many ` underground ' pro-democracy groups , who kept out of public scrutiny to avoid repercussions from the government , members of Wolność i Pokój had an open strategy and strove to make themselves -- - and their opposition to totalitarian rule -- unavoidably visible : they climbed up rooftops , went on hunger strikes , and openly spurned the military , sending back their draft papers . Mariusz continued to play a role in the public domain after the first free elections were instated in Poland in 1991 . Between 1991 and 1994 , he served as an aide-de-camp for the first government , and also served as an advisor on Lithuanian matters . Thereafter , he founded the first Polish consular office in Belarus , located in the city of Hrodno . From 1998 to 2002 he was also Polish ambassador to Belarus . Mariusz was arrested on March 24 , 2006 , alongside hundreds of others , for protesting against the re-election of Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko , a vote that Western observers claim was fraudulent . Mariusz was hospitalised soon after his arrest , with heart problems , and claims that he was subjected to ` unmerciful ' beatings whilst being transported to his isolation cell . Since 2007 Maszkiewicz works for the government , now vice-director of the Eastern Policy Department in the Polish MFA .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5edf052b37f0e0281290e11b5c1917e6",
"text": "Politics of France The politics of France take place with the framework of a semi-presidential system determined by the French Constitution of the French Fifth Republic . The nation declares itself to be an `` indivisible , secular , democratic , and social Republic '' . The constitution provides for a separation of powers and proclaims France 's `` attachment to the Rights of Man and the principles of national sovereignty as defined by the Declaration of 1789 . '' The political system of France consists of an executive branch , a legislative branch , and a judicial branch . Executive power is exercised by the President of the Republic and the Government . The Government consists of the Prime Minister and ministers . The Prime Minister is appointed by the President , and is responsible to Parliament . The government , including the Prime Minister , can be revoked by the National Assembly , the lower house of Parliament , through a `` censure motion '' ; this ensures that the Prime Minister is always supported by a majority of the lower house ( which , on most topics , has prominence over the upper house ) . Parliament comprises the National Assembly and the Senate . It passes statutes and votes on the budget ; it controls the action of the executive through formal questioning on the floor of the houses of Parliament and by establishing commissions of inquiry . The constitutionality of the statutes is checked by the Constitutional Council , members of which are appointed by the President of the Republic , the President of the National Assembly , and the President of the Senate . Former presidents of the Republic also are members of the Council . The independent judiciary is based upon civil law system which evolved from the Napoleonic codes . It is divided into the judicial branch ( dealing with civil law and criminal law ) and the administrative branch ( dealing with appeals against executive decisions ) , each with their own independent supreme court of appeal : the Court of Cassation for the judicial courts and the Conseil d'Etat for the administrative courts . The French government includes various bodies that check abuses of power and independent agencies . France is a unitary state . However , its administrative subdivisions -- regions , departments and communes -- have various legal functions , and the national government is prohibited from intruding into their normal operations . France was a founding member of the European Coal and Steel Community , later the European Union . As such , France has transferred part of its sovereignty to European institutions , as provided by its constitution . The French government therefore has to abide by European treaties , directives and regulations .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fc4f347dde5a852b27879ecfc3f402c1",
"text": "United Nations resolutions on Abkhazia The Security Council of the United Nations passed 32 resolutions where it recognizes Abkhazia as an integral part of Georgia and supports its territorial integrity according to the principles of the international law . The UN is urging both sides to settle the Georgian -- Abkhazian conflict through peaceful means by intensifying diplomatic dialogue and ratifying the final accord about the status of Abkhazia in the Georgian Constitution . Moreover , United nations calls for immediate return of all expelled ethnic Georgians ( approximately 250,000 ) and determining the final status of Abkhazia as maximum autonomy or federative structure within the borders of the Georgian state . The resolutions also commend Russia 's role as a peacekeeper and facilitator towards a resolution of the conflict . Resolution 1716 also urges Georgia to ensure that no troops are present in the Kodori Gorge and asks Georgia to refrain from provocative actions in the Kodori Gorge . Many of the resolutions relate to the establishment and extension of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia . On May 15 , 2008 , the United Nations General Assembly adopted a non-binding resolution recognising the right of all refugees ( including victims of reported `` ethnic cleansing '' ) to return to Abkhazia and their property rights . It `` regretted '' the attempts to alter pre-war demographic composition and called for the `` rapid development of a timetable to ensure the prompt voluntary return of all refugees and internally displaced persons to their homes . '' The following are United Nations resolutions adopted by the Security Council with regards to Abkhazia : United Nations Security Council Resolution 849 ( July 9 , 1993 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 854 ( August 6 , 1993 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 858 ( August 24 , 1993 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 876 ( October 19 , 1993 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 881 ( November 4 , 1993 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 892 ( December 22 , 1993 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 896 ( January 31 , 1994 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 901 ( March 4 , 1994 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 906 ( March 25 , 1994 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 934 ( June 30 , 1994 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 937 ( July 21 , 1994 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 971 ( January 12 , 1995 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 993 ( May 12 , 1995 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1036 ( January 12 , 1996 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1065 ( July 12 , 1996 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1077 ( October 22 , 1996 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1096 ( January 30 , 1997 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1124 ( July 30 , 1997 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1150 ( January 30 , 1998 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1187 ( July 30 , 1998 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1225 ( January 28 , 1999 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1255 ( July 30 , 1999 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1287 ( January 31 , 2000 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1311 ( July 28 , 2000 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1339 ( January 31 , 2001 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1364 ( July 31 , 2001 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1393 ( January 31 , 2002 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1427 ( July 29 , 2002 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1462 ( January 30 , 2003 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1494 ( July 30 , 2003 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1524 ( January 30 , 2004 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1554 ( July 29 , 2004 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1582 ( January 28 , 2005 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1615 ( July 29 , 2005 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1656 ( January 31 , 2006 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1716 ( October 13 , 2006 ) ; UN Security Council Resolution 1752 ( April 13 , 2007 ) ; UN Security Council Resolution 1781 ( October 15 , 2007 ) ; United Nations Security Council Resolution 1808 ( April 15 , 2008 ) ; UN General Assembly Resolution GA/10708 ( May 15 , 2008 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "385fffaec4428d5097a9bb2e40a4f73c",
"text": "Governor (Russia) The highest official of the subject of the Russian Federation or the holder of the highest office of subject of the Russian Federation or the head of the highest executive body of state power of the subject of the Russian Federation , colloquially and collectively referred to as the title governor ( губернатор - gubernator ) or head of region ( глава региона - glava regiona ) , is the head and the chief executive of each the federal subjects of Russia , not directly subordinate to the federal authorities , but the political and ceremonial head of the federal subject , all of which are equal constituent entities of Russia . The office is defined by the Constitution of Russia and Chapters 1 , 3 and 4 of Russia 's Federal Law No. 184-FZ `` On the General Principles of the Organization Of the Legislative ( Representative ) and Executive Organs Of State Power of the Subjects of the Russian Federation '' which came into force in 1999 . According to the current revision of the Russian Constitution , the Russian Federation consists of 85 federal subjects therefore there are 85 offices of head of region in Russia ( see List of current heads of federal subjects of Russia ) . The certain title of office is defined by the federal subject 's Constitution or Charter . The names include : governor , president ( президент - president ) , head of administration ( глава администрации - glava administratsii ) , head of republic ( глава республики - glava respubliki ) , mayor ( мэр - mer ) , non-officially and collectively referred to as governors for short . The official title governor is most used in Russia and traditionally it is used in Oblasts of Russia . Presidents of Russia 's republics , mayor of Moscow and mayor of St. Petersburg are also governors in this sense . A head of the subject in Russia is said to serve a administration or executive office , colloquially referred to as gubernatorial administration .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5a5540dbc1738e854f7df9425c5b2c99",
"text": "Belorusy i rynok Belorusy i rynok ( Белорусы и рынок , -LSB- bʲɛləˈrusɨ ɪ ˈrʲnək -RSB- ) is the main business weekly newspaper published in Belarus . The newspaper was founded in 1990 under the name Belorusskij rynok ( Белорусский рынок , The Belarusian Market ) and was one of the first private media in Belarus . In 2005 the newspaper had to change its name following a decree of president Lukashenka that forbid usage of the words National and Belarusian in names of organisations and newspapers . Current chief editor is Viačasłaŭ Chadasoŭski . The newspaper is published mainly in Russian language .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "222a7a3550ea2869a942f4ab95547683",
"text": "Prime Minister of Finland The Prime Minister ( pääministeri , literally translated as Head Minister , Swedish : statsminister , literally translated as Minister of State ) is the Head of Government of Finland . The Prime Minister is appointed by the President , who is the Head of State . The current Prime Minister is Juha Sipilä of the Centre Party .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e7a0cc43b905384756b3efa1dd1be1ac",
"text": "Gorky Park (Minsk) Gorky Park ( Парк Горкага , Цэнтральны дзіцячы парк імя Максіма Горкага , Maksim Gorky Central Children 's Park ) is a public park in Minsk , Belarus . In is located near the Victory Square and the Yanka Kupala Park . The park was established in 1800 under the name Governor 's Garden . During the Soviet times it was renamed '' парк культуры і адпачынку імя Максіма Горкага '' ( Park of culture and recreation after A.M.Gorky ) after the famous Russian/Soviet writer Maksim Gorky . Parks with this name have been established in many cities of the Soviet Union . A part of the park 's territory is occupied by an amusement park with a 56 meter high Ferris wheel . It also has an educational observatory with planetarium . The Ice Palace ( indoor skating rink ) is also located in Gorky Park . President Lukashenko , known for his hobby of ice hockey , frequents this place , at which times the access to this part of the park is closed for general public .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ef362beaf2c2390a613c7e617e841c04",
"text": "Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic Uzbekistan ( -LSB- ʊzˈbɛkᵻˌstæn , _ - ˌstɑːn -RSB- , -LSB- ʊzˌbɛkᵻˈstɑːn , _ ʌz - , _ - ˈstæn -RSB- ) is the common English name for the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic ( Uzbek SSR ; Ўзбекистон Совет Социалистик Республикаси , Oʻzbekiston Sovet Sotsialistik Respublikasi ; Узбекская Советская Социалистическая Республика , Uzbekskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika ) and later , the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Oʻzbekiston Respublikasi , Ўзбекистон Республикаси ) that refers to the period of Uzbekistan from 1924 to 1991 . as one of the constituent republics of the Soviet Union . It was governed by the Uzbek branch of the Soviet Communist Party , the only legal political party , from 1925 until 1990 . From 1990 to 1991 , it was the sovereign part of the Soviet Union with its own legislation . Sometimes , that period can be also referred to as Soviet Uzbekistan . Beginning 20 June 1990 , Uzbek SSR adopted the Declaration of State Sovereignty within its borders . Islam Karimov became the republic 's inaugural president . On 31 August 1991 , the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic was renamed the Republic of Uzbekistan '' ' and declared independence three months before the Soviet Union 's dissolution on 26 December 1991 . A doubly landlocked Soviet republic in Central Asia . Uzbekistan was bordered by Kazakhstan to the north ; Tajikistan to the southeast ; Kirghizia to the northeast ; Afghanistan to the south ; and Turkmenistan to the southwest .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bd7228fe5fac23a3f7f93d639c98be9a",
"text": "2006 Russian ban of Moldovan and Georgian wines The 2006 Russian import ban of Moldovan and Georgian wines began in late March 2006 and created a diplomatic conflict between the Republic of Moldova and Georgia on the one hand and Russia on the other . Wine trade with Russia is responsible for 80-90 % of the total wine exports in both countries . The Chief Sanitary Inspector of Russia Gennadiy Onishchenko claimed that heavy metals and pesticides had been found in Georgian and Moldovan wines and that they were falsified alcoholic products labeled as wines . The Russian Consumer Agency claimed that it had examined 21 sorts of Georgian wine sold in Moscow and concluded that 85.7 % did not comply with sanitary requirements . Pesticides were discovered in 60 % samples of Moldovan and 44 % samples of Georgian wine . However , the Moldovans claimed that no proof was provided by the Russians and that dozens of countries across the world imported Moldovan wines without any reported problems . Moldova argued that the ban amounted to economic blackmail . Seven Georgian wineries were later closed down after the government revision revealed that they had produced falsified wine . In May 2005 , Georgian Defense Minister Irakli Okruashvili stated that `` many -LSB- Georgian -RSB- wine producers exported falsified wine to Russia , because Russia is a market where you can sell even turds '' . Okruashvili thought that Russia 's decision to ban the import of Georgian wines `` was not a surprise '' for Tbilisi . Russia accounted for 80 % of Georgian wine sales , and the ban became a `` big blow '' to the industry . Georgian producers swiftly admitted that wines were regularly faked . Prior to the ban , the Georgian government closed down several testing laboratories in Georgia , and several wineries were made to dump their product . Seven Georgian wineries were closed down after the government revision revealed that they had produced falsified wine . Production of falsified wine in Georgia for the rapidly expanding Russian market had been `` big business for the last decade '' according to the Western press . The ban on wine imports came at a time of worsening relations between the countries . The differences involved the Rose Revolution and pro-NATO/pro-EU moves in Georgia and a divergence of the Russian and Moldovan positions regarding the future of Transnistria . A year earlier , the Russian Duma had demanded a ban on Moldovan wine imports , because Moldova was considered to pursue anti-Russian policies . EU 's external relations commissioner , Benita Ferrero-Waldner stated that the EU was worried about what she called an `` embargo '' against Moldova , but the EU could n't take any measures since Russia was not a member of the World Trade Organization . The president of NATO Parliamentary Assembly Pierre Lellouche also said , on May 5 , he was deeply concerned about the Russian ban on Georgian products . From 5 May to 6 May 2006 , the Russian government also banned the import of Borjomi and Nabeglavi , two popular brands of Georgian mineral water . The government claimed that it was a health hazard since it failed to meet water purity standards . The Georgian government responded by stating that the action was an expansion of the wine embargo and a part of a political campaign to punish the country for pro-Western policies , a claim President Mikheil Saakashvili of Georgia reiterated at the Conference on Common Vision for Common Neighborhood held in Vilnius , Lithuania , from May 1 to 4 , and attended also by the presidents of the three Baltic states , Poland , Ukraine , Moldova , Romania , Bulgaria and the United States Vice-President Richard Cheney . Neither the Georgian or Moldovan wines , nor the Borjomi or Nabeglavi mineral waters had been banned nor restricted in any other country besides Russia . One Russian expert has also criticized the Russian ban on `` Borjomi '' . The drink ban appeared to exacerbate tensions between Russia and the Government of Georgia . The 2008 South Ossetia war would occur later that year . Following the conflict , Georgia also withdrew from the Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ) , a bloc of several post-Soviet countries . Georgian wines are currently ( 2013 ) sold in over 50 countries , including Ukraine , which became the key market after the Russian ban . However , sales fell sharply , to about one third of what Georgia exported prior to the ban .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6dec64e8ee42f929e9cabde2a09f8f92",
"text": "President of Macedonia The President of the Republic of Macedonia is the head of state of the Republic of Macedonia . The institution of the Presidency of the modern Republic of Macedonia began after the Macedonian declaration of independence on 8 September 1991 . Its first president was Kiro Gligorov , the oldest president in the world until his resignation in 1999 . The Macedonian presidency is largely a ceremonial post and the Prime Minister of Macedonia is the country 's leading political figure and de facto chief executive . The president must be a citizen of the Republic of Macedonia , be over 40 years of age and have lived in Macedonia for at least ten of the previous fifteen years .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b0adec308eab828b2e1a85652906f036",
"text": "Head of the Republic of Mordovia The position of the Head of the Republic of Mordovia ( formerly known as the President of the Republic of Mordovia ) is the highest office within the Government of the Republic of Mordovia in Russia . The Head is elected by citizens of Russia residing in the republic . Term of service is five years .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "25dd6411ae0e7418450b45dc9b9828c1",
"text": "Liberal Democratic Party of Ukraine The Liberal Democratic Party of Ukraine ( Ліберально-демократична партія України Liberal ` no Demokratuyčna Partiya Ukrayiny ) is a political party in Ukraine registered in July 1992 . As an organization , the party traces its history to 1989 as the Ukrainian branch of Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union and was based on the People 's Union in Support of Reforms ( Perestroika ) . In fall of 1990 it split and its Kiev branch ( Kiev Liberal Democratic Union ) later joined the Party of Democratic Revival of Ukraine . At the parliamentary elections 1998 the party was part of the European choice of Ukraine alliance , at the parliamentary elections 2002 the party was part of the Team of Winter Generation alliance . Both alliances won a marginal number of votes and no seats . At 3 March 2006 the party announced at its website that it will not take part in the parliamentary elections on 26 March 2006 because of `` regional egoism '' . The party did not participate in the Ukrainian parliamentary elections of 2006 and 2007 . In the 2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election the party competed in/for 1 constituency ( seat ) ; but it did not won this constituency and thus missed parliamentary representation . The party did not participate in the 2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9d475b03daff60609565ec6d715d2883",
"text": "Commonwealth of Independent States The Commonwealth of Independent States ( CIS ; -LSB- Содружество Независимых Государств , СНГ , r = Sodruzhestvo Nezavisimykh Gosudarstv , SNG -RSB- ) , also called the Russian Commonwealth ( to distinguish it from the British Commonwealth of Nations ) , is a regional organization formed during the dissolution of the Soviet Union . Nine out of the 15 former Soviet Republics are member states , and two are associate members ( Ukraine and Turkmenistan ) . Georgia withdrew its membership in 2008 , while the Baltic states , which regard their membership in the Soviet Union as an illegal occupation , ( Estonia , Lithuania and Latvia ) chose not to participate . The CIS has few supranational powers but aims to be more than a purely symbolic organization , nominally possessing coordinating powers in the realms of trade , finance , lawmaking , and security . It has also promoted cooperation on cross-border crime prevention . Furthermore , eight of the nine CIS member states participate in the CIS Free Trade Area . Three organizations are under the overview of the CIS , namely the Collective Security Treaty Organization , the Eurasian Economic Union ( alongside subdivisions , the Eurasian Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Space , which comprises territory inhabited by over 180 million people ) , and the Union State . While the first and the second are military and economic alliances , the third aims to reach a confederation of Russia and Belarus with a common government , flag , currency , etc. .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "75b406ac4e48fb89e354cbc28e04eb30",
"text": "President of Ukraine The president of Ukraine ( Президент України , Prezydent Ukrayiny ) is the Ukrainian head of state . The president represents the nation in international relations , administers the foreign political activity of the state , conducts negotiations and concludes international treaties . The president is directly elected by the citizens of Ukraine for a five-year term of office ( whether the presidential election is early or scheduled ) , limited to two terms consecutively . The president 's official residence is the Mariyinsky Palace , located in the Pechersk district of the capital Kiev . Other official residences include the House with Chimaeras and the House of the Weeping Widow , which are used for official visits by foreign representatives . The Presidential Administration of Ukraine , unofficially known as `` Bankova '' in reference to the street it is located on , serves as the presidential administration , advising the president in the domestic , foreign and legal matters . Since the office 's establishment on 5 July 1991 , there have been five presidents of Ukraine . Leonid Kravchuk was the inaugural president , serving three years from 1991 until his resignation in 1994 . Leonid Kuchma was the only president to have served two consecutive terms in office . Both Viktor Yushchenko and Viktor Yanukovych served one term , with the latter being replaced by acting president Oleksandr Turchynov , who then also served as Chairman of the Ukrainian Parliament , on 21 February 2014 . Oleksandr Turchynov was the only acting president in Ukraine 's modern history . Unlike in the US , where the vice president immediately receives all powers of the presidency upon assumption of the presidential office , in Ukraine the powers of an acting president are severely limited . On 18 June 2015 , Yanukovych was officially deprived of the title of president of Ukraine . The current president is Petro Poroshenko who took the oath of office on 7 June 2014 . The Government of Ukraine utilizes a Semi-presidential system in which the roles of the head of state and head of government are separate , thus the president of Ukraine is not the nation 's head of government . The prime minister serves as the head of government , a role currently filled by Volodymyr Groysman who was appointed to the position in April 2016 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "64295451d0b00eb74b39d0e3f3b7148d",
"text": "Belarusian referendum, 2004 A referendum on allowing President Lukashenko to stand in further elections was held in Belarus on 17 October 2004 , alongside parliamentary elections . Lukashenko was nearing the end of his constitutionally-limited two terms , and the change would allow him to run for a third term . The result was 88.9 % in favour , with a turnout of 90.3 % .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "73b5bfb2f0f4303e70296217212d8aa9",
"text": "Decommunization in Russia Decommunization in Russia is the process of dealing with the communist legacies in terms of institutions and personnel that tends towards breaking with the Soviet past . Compared with the efforts of the other former constituents of the Soviet bloc and the Soviet Union , it has been restricted to half-measures , if conducted at all . Notable anti-communist measures in the Russian Federation are the banning of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union ( and creating the Communist Party of the Russian Federation ) as well as the names of many Russian cities reverting to what they were before the 1917 October Revolution ( Leningrad to Saint Petersburg , Sverdlovsk to Yekaterinburg and Gorky to Nizhny Novgorod ) . However , Nostalgia for the Soviet Union is gradually on the rise in Russia . Communist symbols continue to form an important part of the rhetoric used in state-controlled media as banning them is seen by the foreign ministry as `` sacrilege '' and `` a perverse idea of good and evil '' . The decommunization process in neighbouring Ukraine was also met with criticism by Russia , and Soviet war crimes continue to be regularly dismissed as `` Western myth '' .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
98f9a0db88754f20614755aeaeb2df83 | Lana Del Rey's music has been noted. | [
{
"docid": "8fbb74cda1e7d3405a742d8e2de9918e",
"text": "Lana Del Rey Elizabeth Woolridge Grant ( born June 21 , 1985 ) , better known by her stage name Lana Del Rey , is an American singer , songwriter , and model . Her music has been noted for its cinematic style , its preoccupation with themes of tragic romance and melancholia , and its references to pop culture , particularly 1950s and 1960s Americana . Born and raised in New York , Del Rey embarked on a music career in 2005 and first received widespread attention in 2011 , when the music video for her single `` Video Games '' became a viral internet sensation . Del Rey received further recognition after her major-label debut Born to Die peaked at number two on the United States charts and was the fifth best-selling album of 2012 . A remix of its single `` Summertime Sadness '' , produced by Cedric Gervais , peaked at number six in the United States , and the Paradise EP followed that November , garnering Del Rey her first Grammy nomination for Best Pop Vocal Album . Three of the EP 's tracks were featured in her short film Tropico , which premiered in December 2013 . In 2014 , Del Rey released her third studio album , Ultraviolence ; it became her first number-one album in the United States . In 2015 , following a North American tour with Courtney Love and Grimes , Del Rey released her fourth studio album , Honeymoon . Both albums received positive critical response . Del Rey is set to release her fifth studio album , titled Lust for Life , on July 21 , 2017 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "c08c87fd6a99eb0d2b23b7caf375cd3f",
"text": "List of Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles of 2007 The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States . Published by Billboard magazine , the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single 's weekly physical and digital sales , and airplay . In 2007 , 17 singles reached the top spot on the chart . An 18th single , Beyoncé Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , began a run at the top in 2006 which continued into 2007 . In 2007 , eight acts achieved their first US number-one single , either as a lead artist or featured guest : Maroon 5 , Avril Lavigne , Mims , Plain White T 's , Sean Kingston , Soulja Boy Tell 'Em , T-Pain , and Yung Joc . Producer Timbaland earned his first number-one single as lead artist with `` Give It to Me '' ; he had previously appeared as featured guest on singer Nelly Furtado 's number-one single `` Promiscuous '' . T-Pain , Justin Timberlake , Nelly Furtado and Fergie each earned two number-one singles , either as a lead artist or featured guest . Three number-one singles tied for the longest run on the chart in 2007 : Knowles ' `` Irreplaceable '' , Rihanna 's `` Umbrella '' , and Soulja Boy Tell 'Em 's `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' all topped the chart for seven weeks ; the last of these was non-consecutive . However , `` Irreplaceable '' , which started its peak position in three issues the previous year , is credited to by Billboard magazine as 2006 's longest-running single . To this effect , `` Umbrella '' and `` Crank That ( Soulja Boy ) '' are the longest-running singles of 2007 . Other singles with extended chart runs include singer Alicia Keys ' `` No One '' which stayed at number one for five straight weeks . `` Irreplaceable '' is the best-performing single of the calendar year , topping the Year-End Hot 100 singles of 2007 for seven consecutive weeks . Band Maroon 5 's `` Makes Me Wonder '' is noted for its jump from 64th to 1st place on the Billboard Hot 100 , making it the largest leap of 2007 . `` Umbrella '' , which occupied the top slot for seven of summer 's thirteen weeks , has been credited by the music press as 2007 's Song of the Summer .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "35d2cd0094c0e420b6835457c53a9b41",
"text": "Cola (song) `` Cola '' is a song by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey , taken from her third extended play , Paradise ( 2012 ) , and the reissue of her debut studio album , Born to Die : The Paradise Edition ( 2012 ) . `` Cola '' first appeared in a teaser trailer posted to her official YouTube account as a snippet . The lyrics were considered controversial , causing major media outlets to respond .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cc60a3b9d9ef8677d7e5355728835bb9",
"text": "Kat DeLuna discography This is the discography of pop/R & B musician Kat DeLuna . DeLuna first rose to fame in 2007 , when she released her debut single `` Whine Up '' . The single became one of the most played songs on pop radio that summer , and achieved major success worldwide , reaching the top ten in countries such as Belgium and France . The single also became a smash hit in the US , peaking inside the top forty of the Hot 100 single chart , as well as topped the Hot Dance Club Play chart . The single led to the release of DeLuna 's debut album , 9 Lives in the Fall of 2007 . The album was met to generally positive critical reception , as well as commercial . The album debuted at number 58 in the US , and charted within the top twenty of countries such as Belgium and Poland . The album 's success led to a re-release the following year . In 2008 , DeLuna began work on her second studio album . The album spawned several official and promotional singles . The first of these was `` Unstoppable '' , which became a minor hit in Canada . The song was featured in the film Confessions of a Shopaholic , as well as its accompanying soundtrack . It was followed by the second promotional single `` Dance Bailalo '' , which became a major hit on the US Hot Dance Club Play chart . DeLuna 's second album , titled Inside Out later spawned the official singles `` Push Push '' , `` Party O'Clock '' and `` Dancing Tonight '' . After much delay , Inside Out was released in Belgium on November 5 , 2010 . It received commercial success , reaching the top twenty of the Belgium album chart . The album is currently released only in some European markets ( Belgium , France , Poland ) . Inside Out was also released in Japan on July 13 , 2011 . A compilation album , Loading appeared in 2016 . Since 2012 , DeLuna has been reportedly working on her third album under the title ViVa Out Loud .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "23eda5da586f932392c2785c58780188",
"text": "Mexican pop music Mexican pop is a music genre produced in Mexico , particularly intended for teenagers and young adults . Mexico is the country that exports the most entertainment in Spanish language . Mexican pop was limited to Latin America until the mid-1990s , when an interest towards this type of music increased after Luis Miguel 's , Lynda Thomas ' , Selena 's , Thalía 's , Gloria Trevi 's and Paulina Rubio 's debuts before the mainstream USA audience . During the 1960s and 1970s most of the pop music produced in Mexico consisted on Spanish-language versions of English-language rock-and-roll hits . Singers and musical groups like Angélica María , Johnny Laboriel , Alberto Vázquez , Enrique Guzmán or Los Teen Tops performed cover versions of songs by Elvis Presley , Paul Anka , Nancy Sinatra and others .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "33a9611aaceab1f5fc79bb06b9e72b42",
"text": "Heavy metal lyrics Heavy metal lyrics are the words used in songs by heavy metal music bands , groups and artists . Given that there are many genres of heavy metal , it is difficult to make generalizations about the lyrics and lyrical themes . In 1989 , two metal scholars wrote that heavy metal lyrics concentrate `` on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto unprecedented '' in any form of popular music . Jeffrey Arnett states that metal songs are `` overwhelmingly dominated '' by `` ugly and unhappy '' themes which express `` no hope '' for the future . Deena Weinstein has proposed one way to analyze metal song themes is loosely grouping them into two categories : the Dionysian theme ( a reference to the Roman God of wine ) , which celebrates `` sex , drugs and rock and roll '' , partying , and enjoyment of life and the Chaotic theme , which involves dark subjects such as Hell , injustice , mayhem , carnage and death . Not all metal genres fall into Weinstein 's two theme model ; for example power metal 's lyrical themes often focus on fantasy and mythology , camaraderie and hope , personal struggles and emotions , among other themes . Another exception is pop metal bands , which replaced `` gloom and doom '' themes with `` positive , upbeat '' songs about romantic love and relationships , part of their goal of appealing more to female listeners . In metal overall , the small number of metal songs about relationships are typically about unions that have `` gone sour '' long ago . The thematic content of heavy metal lyrics has long been a target of criticism . According to Jon Pareles , `` Heavy metal 's main subject matter is simple and virtually universal . With grunts , moans and subliterary lyrics , it celebrates ... a party without limits ... -LSB- T -RSB- he bulk of the music is stylized and formulaic . '' Music critics have often deemed metal lyrics juvenile and banal , and others have objected to what they see as advocacy of misogyny and the occult . During the 1980s , the Parents Music Resource Center ( PMRC ) petitioned the U.S. Congress to regulate the popular music industry due to what the group asserted were objectionable lyrics , particularly those in heavy metal songs . The PMRC used music professor Joe Stuessy to testify against metal . Professor Stuessy alleged that heavy metal songs focus on violence , substance abuse , perversion , S&M , and Satanism . Robert Walser analyzed 88 metal songs ' themes to determine if Professor Stuessy 's claims were valid . In Walser 's analysis , the dominant theme in the metal songs was `` longing for intensity '' ; he found that the negative themes described by Stuessy and the PMRC were uncommon . Jeffrey Arnett analysed the lyrics from 115 metal songs : he found that the top three messages were `` grim ... themes '' about violence , angst and protest . Metal artists have had to defend their lyrics in front of the U.S. Senate and in courtrooms . In 1985 , Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider was asked to defend his song Under the Blade at a U.S. Senate hearing . In 1986 , Ozzy Osbourne was sued because of the lyrics of his song Suicide Solution . In 1990 , Judas Priest was sued in American court by the parents of two young men who had shot themselves five years earlier , allegedly after hearing the subliminal statement `` do it '' in a Priest song . While the case attracted a great deal of media attention , it was ultimately dismissed . In some predominantly Muslim countries , heavy metal has been officially denounced as a threat to traditional values . In countries such as Morocco , Egypt , Lebanon , and Malaysia , there have been incidents of heavy metal musicians and fans being arrested and incarcerated .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0246b7ed8f112c536bc7d15a68347016",
"text": "Yolanda Pérez Yolanda Pérez ( born May 20 , 1983 ) is an American singer-songwriter who specializes in banda music . She is sometimes known by the stage name `` La Potranquita '' , ( Spanish : `` little filly '' ) , a name taken by her father from his home city of Zacatecas , Mexico . Perez was born in Los Angeles , California . Her family later moved to Montclair , California . She graduated from Montclair High School in 2001 . When she was 11 years old , Perez won a music contest held in the Los Angeles-area Lynwood . As part of the prize package , she recorded an album that launched her musical career . She has since recorded several more albums . Her career was especially enhanced when she signed with the Fonovisa label , part of the Univision Music Group . Perez followed in the footsteps of her father and grandparents who were also exponents of banda music . Her minor-label albums exhibited all the traditional characteristics of banda , but from Déjenme Llorar ( 2003 ) onwards she has combined the banda sound with modern elements such as rap as well as introducing set-piece dialogues into some tracks . Her music also shows other influences from hip hop and R&B artists - this has led her to include Spanglish phrasing in some lyrics , such as in the duet Estoy Enamorada with Don Cheto . Perez therefore , while continuing to exemplify traditional banda , has placed her own stamp and interpretation on this genre . In 2005 , Pérez was nominated for an Urban Artist of the Year award at the 17th Lo Nuestro Awards . Perez has also performed public service announcements and has been involved with other charitable work . In 2006 she volunteered to help with the `` Got Milk '' campaign , explaining that Latin American women tend to worry about outer beauty but need to also focus on their diet .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2954954da2ea423a251aadee97729101",
"text": "La La Means I Love You (album) La La Means I Love You is the 1968 debut album by American R&B / Soul vocal group The Delfonics , released on May 14 , 1968 on the Philly Groove label . The album was produced by Thom Bell and consists of a mixture of original songs written by Bell and lead singer William Hart , and cover versions of already well-known songs . The celebrated title track was a # 4 pop hit , and `` I 'm Sorry '' and `` Break Your Promise '' also charted . With its lush , smooth orchestral sound and production , La La Means I Love You is now considered a classic soul album and one of the most important and influential records in the development of the nascent Philadelphia soul sound which would come to dominate the commercial soul music market in the early and mid -- 1970s .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f873530b151ae4e9b02c12892f290df2",
"text": "The Connection (DeLon album) `` The Connection '' is the Debut Album by American Rapper DeLon . It was officially released on September 27 , 2005 . The first single from ` The Connection ' was ` Calor De La Salsa ' . `` Calor De La Salsa '' peaked on the Billboard charts at No. 15 -LSB- < - Calor De La Salsa on Billboard -RSB- and established DeLon as the First Sri Lankan to ever chart on the US Billboard Charts . The Connection united Hip Hop listeners of all cultures as it features eclectic beats of different styles of cultural music mixed with American Hip Hop . With roots in Salsa , Samba , Reggae , Soca , Sri Lankan , Indian and Middle Eastern music , The Connection is an album that unites all cultures through international Hip Hop . As reviewed by YRB Magazine , `` Hitting the rap game from all sides , -LSB- DeLon -RSB- manages to be ` conscious ' and ` street ' on the same album ... a seamless merger of hot production , a catchy hook and the lyrical precision of a young Talib Kweli . '' - Yellow Rat Bastard ( YRB ) Magazine , Issue . .61 `` The Connection '' Review . DeLon has won international praise for this album and is recognized as the first attempt by an American rap artist to unite international Hip Hop . Not only did DeLon write all lyrics and rap on the album , he is also responsible for producing 70 % of the album 's beats . The Connection was released through DeLon 's Record Label , Ceylon Records .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b5aadd183c1015b02bbffa242a48c087",
"text": "Born to Die Born to Die is the second studio album by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey . Her major label debut , it was released on January 27 , 2012 by Interscope Records , Polydor Records and Stranger Records . Del Rey collaborated with producers including Patrik Berger , Jeff Bhasker , Chris Braide , Emile Haynie , Justin Parker , Rick Nowels , Robopop and Al Shux to achieve her desired sound . Their efforts resulted in a primarily baroque pop record , which sees additional influences from alternative hip hop , indie pop and trip hop music . Contemporary music critics gave Born to Die mixed reviews ; some commended its distinctive production , while its repetitiveness and melodramatic tendencies were a recurring complaint . The album debuted at number two on the US Billboard 200 with first-week sales of 77,000 copies ; it was later certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) after moving one million units . Born to Die reached the peak positions on eleven international record charts . After attaining online success after its initial premiere on June 29 , 2011 , `` Video Games '' was released as the lead single from Born to Die on October 17 , 2011 ; it peaked at number ninety-one on the US Billboard Hot 100 . Its follow-up singles `` Born to Die '' , `` Off to the Races '' , `` Blue Jeans '' , `` Summertime Sadness '' , `` National Anthem '' , and `` Dark Paradise '' performed sporadically across Billboard component charts and international record charts . The Cedric Gervais remix of `` Summertime Sadness '' was released on July 11 , 2013 and became Del Rey 's highest-charting single in the United States , reaching number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . Del Rey additionally promoted Born to Die with several televised performances , including a widely criticized appearance on Saturday Night Live . It was reissued on November 9 , 2012 as an expanded version subtitled The Paradise Edition , which was packaged with her third extended play Paradise ( 2012 ) . Born to Die has sold 7,000,000 copies worldwide as of June 2014 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "18c8ed311b4e08c1dbde784be615dbee",
"text": "Maroon music Maroon Music is a genre involving people of African descent that were not born on the continent creating songs in an African language ( as opposed to their first language ) . It is named after the Maroon ( people ) , African refugees who escaped from slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements . Just as the Maroon people created their own societies in lands foreign to them in attempts to retain their freedom , Maroon music is an attempt by African American artists to reacquire their Mother tongue through writing music in an indigenous African language . Maroon Music subject matter centers around stories about Maroon leaders and other historic freedom fighters of African descent , Maroon groups , peace , unity , and righteousness . In the intro to Maroon music artist , Adetokunbo 's first album `` Maroon Music '' the history of the genre is explained : `` African refugees that escaped slavery in the Americas and formed independent settlements were called Maroons . The term can also be applied to their descendants . The same root word also gives us the English verb `` to maroon '' . When runaway slaves banded together and subsisted independently they were called Maroons . On the Caribbean islands , runaway slaves formed bands and on some islands formed armed camps . Maroon communities faced great odds to survive against oppressive attackers , obtain food for subsistence living , and to reproduce and increase their numbers . There is much variety among Maroon cultural groups because of differences in history , geography , African nationality , and the culture of indigenous people throughout the Western hemisphere . Maroon settlements sometimes developed creole languages by mixing European tongues with their original African languages . Other times the Maroons would adopt the local European language as a common tongue , for members of the community frequently spoke a variety of Mother Tongues . What you are about to hear is a family 's journey to reacquire their Mother Tongue through song . Their goal is to reacquire that which was lost in the Middle Passage . Let this music , Maroon Music , serve as their testament to freedom in a world that has nothing but contempt for the self liberated . '' Maroon music is less concerned with the perfection and fluency of speech of the African language but more with the exercise of learning and improving communication , while providing subtitles and written keys in English so that others will understand the message attempting to be conveyed by the artist . As pidgin English is noted as `` is a simplified version of a language that develops as a means of communication between two or more groups that do not have a language in common Pidgin , Maroon music employs the pidginization or Creolization of African languages as a simplified means for African Americans to communicate with indigenous Africans . For this reason , key 's and subtitles in Maroon Music videos are an essential component for conveying intended meaning to both indigenous Africans and those born abroad . The Maroons are a number of diverse peoples in the Caribbean , South America , North America and Central America , the descendants of escaped slaves . The Seminole music tradition of the United States is an example , as are numerous communities in Jamaica , Suriname and French Guiana . The Surinamese , Guyanese , and French Guianan escaped slaves managed to hide in the dense jungles of the area , and formed communities like the Aluku , Saramaka and Ndjuka . Their traditional sung stories are called mato , and there is also a kind of popular Maroon music called aleke . Traditional dances include awasa , a women 's social dance . The Jamaican Maroons are known for instruments like the abeng , a kind of horn .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "876eb5f535ebff2b262a215a20d8a9f6",
"text": "Secrets of Astrology Secrets of Astrology , released in 2000 , is the fifth album , but the fourth studio recorded album , by symphonic rock vocalist , Lana Lane . Though this album is Lane 's fifth album release in the US , it is her eighth in Japan . The album was recorded in the Netherlands and in Los Angeles and mixed in the Netherlands by Oscar Holleman . Mastering was executed at Abbey Road Studios in London . The album contains 13 songs , whereas the 13th track is listed as a bonus track . In the North American and Japanese releases of Secrets of Astrology , the bonus track is a song entitled , `` Romeo and Juliet '' , a song Lane had recorded during the recording sessions for this album . In the European release of Secrets of Astrology , the bonus track is a song entitled , `` Rhapsody '' , a song that Lane had recorded during the recording sessions for her 1998 album , Queen of the Ocean .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1ccec1b92d1c141b81edde97b10c7e5b",
"text": "Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps . The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work . Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3289626f6b227cd6f54e141f58132430",
"text": "Chillwave Chillwave ( originally called `` glo-fi '' or `` hypnagogic pop '' ; also `` dream-beat '' ) is a style of music characterized by a faded or dreamy retro pop sound , mellow vocals , a low-to-moderate tempo , escapist lyrics about the beach or summertime , psychedelic or lo-fi textures , effects processing ( reverb especially ) , vintage synthesizers , and other attempts to loosely emulate 1980s electronic pop aesthetics as well as engage with notions of memory and nostalgia . Sometimes regarded as a `` made-up '' genre , the movement 's vanguard was represented by Neon Indian , Washed Out , and Toro y Moi , who gained critical attention through what was termed the 2009 `` Summer of Chillwave '' . Coinciding with the economic turmoil of the late 2000s and early 2010s recession , chillwave was one of the first music genres to develop by being linked and defined through various outlets on the Internet rather than geographic location . The style draws from elements in dream pop and shoegaze , as well as the work of artists such as Panda Bear , Animal Collective , and lo-fi musician Ariel Pink . The term `` hypnagogic pop '' was coined at virtually the same time as `` chillwave '' to describe similar artists . Other elements related to drug-induced mind states and idyllic summer fantasies were drawn from the Beach Boys ' Brian Wilson . Washed Out 's 2009 track `` Feel It All Around '' remains the genre 's definitive and best-known song . The term `` chillwave '' , which originated from the satirical blog Hipster Runoff in 2009 , was ultimately criticized for being nebulous and contrived . Some artists rejected the tag , while hundreds of others exploited the style 's low-budget simplicity , one of the major reasons for its decline . Media coverage usually derided the genre 's name , its reliance on nostalgia , and the ubiquitous mention of `` the summer '' in its writings . After chillwave was the subject of much discourse on websites like Gorilla vs. Bear and Pitchfork , the movement dissipated , and the style effectively fell out of vogue . The Internet-based microgenre vaporwave would be inspired by chillwave .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f45f9222a3ccaaeeed14340efacdbe70",
"text": "Music Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time . The common elements of music are pitch ( which governs melody and harmony ) , rhythm ( and its associated concepts tempo , meter , and articulation ) , dynamics ( loudness and softness ) , and the sonic qualities of timbre and texture ( which are sometimes termed the `` color '' of a musical sound ) . Different styles or types of music may emphasize , de-emphasize or omit some of these elements . Music is performed with a vast range of instruments and vocal techniques ranging from singing to rapping ; there are solely instrumental pieces , solely vocal pieces ( such as songs without instrumental accompaniment ) and pieces that combine singing and instruments . The word derives from Greek μουσική #Ancient Greek ( mousike ; `` art of the Muses '' ) . In its most general form , the activities describing music as an art form or cultural activity include the creation of works of music ( songs , tunes , symphonies , and so on ) , the criticism of music , the study of the history of music , and the aesthetic examination of music . Ancient Greek and Indian philosophers defined music as tones ordered horizontally as melodies and vertically as harmonies . Common sayings such as `` the harmony of the spheres '' and `` it is music to my ears '' point to the notion that music is often ordered and pleasant to listen to . However , 20th-century composer John Cage thought that any sound can be music , saying , for example , `` There is no noise , only sound . '' The creation , performance , significance , and even the definition of music vary according to culture and social context . Indeed , throughout history , some new forms or styles of music have been criticized as `` not being music '' , including Beethoven 's Grosse Fuge string quartet in 1825 , early jazz in the beginning of the 1900s and hardcore punk in the 1980s . There are many types of music , including popular music , traditional music , art music , music written for religious ceremonies and work songs such as chanteys . Music ranges from strictly organized compositions -- such as Classical music symphonies from the 1700s and 1800s , through to spontaneously played improvisational music such as jazz , and avant-garde styles of chance-based contemporary music from the 20th and 21st centuries . Music can be divided into genres ( e.g. , country music ) and genres can be further divided into subgenres ( e.g. , country blues and pop country are two of the many country subgenres ) , although the dividing lines and relationships between music genres are often subtle , sometimes open to personal interpretation , and occasionally controversial . For example , it can be hard to draw the line between some early 1980s hard rock and heavy metal . Within the arts , music may be classified as a performing art , a fine art or as an auditory art . Music may be played or sung and heard live at a rock concert or orchestra performance , heard live as part of a dramatic work ( a music theater show or opera ) , or it may be recorded and listened to on a radio , MP3 player , CD player , smartphone or as film score or TV show . In many cultures , music is an important part of people 's way of life , as it plays a key role in religious rituals , rite of passage ceremonies ( e.g. , graduation and marriage ) , social activities ( e.g. , dancing ) and cultural activities ranging from amateur karaoke singing to playing in an amateur funk band or singing in a community choir . People may make music as a hobby , like a teen playing cello in a youth orchestra , or work as a professional musician or singer . The music industry includes the individuals who create new songs and musical pieces ( such as songwriters and composers ) , individuals who perform music ( which include orchestra , jazz band and rock band musicians , singers and conductors ) , individuals who record music ( music producers and sound engineers ) , individuals who organize concert tours , and individuals who sell recordings and sheet music and scores to customers .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "72382ac0208f611684b2e020648e9c62",
"text": "Nora Aunor discography This is a list of the albums and singles in the discography of Nora Aunor . Aunor started her career as a singer when she won an amateur singing contest , `` Tawag ng Tanghalan '' in 1967 thus calling her the `` girl with a golden Voice '' and '' Princess of Songs . '' In 1968 , Nora Aunor was contracted by Alpha Records upon the recommendation of singer Carmen Soriano . Although Aunor 's first singles were not major hits , she subsequently went on to smash local record sales with songs like `` It 's Time to Say Goodbye '' , `` Silently '' , `` Forever Loving You '' , `` It 's Not Unusual '' , and countless others . In her seven years with Alpha Records , Aunor was able to set all-time high record sales which up to this day has not been surpassed . At the height of her popularity as a recording artist in the late 1960s and early 1970s , local records soared up to 60 % of national sales according to Alpha Records Philippines . She is the artist with the most singles in Philippine recording history ( with more than 260 singles ) . Over-all she has recorded more than 500 songs . She has notched more than 30 gold singles , a record in the local music industry . With estimated sales of one million units , Nora 's cover of `` Pearly Shells '' ( 1971 ) is one of the biggest-selling singles in the Philippines ever . She also recorded some 46 hit long-playing albums , and several extended plays . National Artist for Literature Nick Joaquin once wrote that `` The Aunor voice has never been particularly young-girlish . Even at 14 , when she pitched it low , the effect was smoky torch . Her teenage fans say that what they like about Nora 's voice is that ` it can do anything , wild or sweet . ' But it 's in the heartbreak songs that the throat really comes through -- and the sound is all woman . '' National Artist for Music , Prof. Andrea Veneracion said these words about Aunor : `` She always has a good voice and over the years , she has developed her own style . Nora in her heyday towered above all other singers not only in terms of popularity but simply because she has a beautiful voice which is what spells the difference even now that many other pop singers have cropped up . Most of our singers now sing well , yes . They have their own style but most of them are at best imitators . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "79dffc935ba11cac07e0bd47abe3e52f",
"text": "Terrence Loves You `` Terrence Loves You '' is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Lana Del Rey for her album Honeymoon ( 2015 ) . It was released as the album 's first promotional single on August 21 , 2015 . Written by Del Rey and Rick Nowels , the song has been described as `` hypnotic '' , with Del Rey singing over piano , strings , and a `` moaning '' saxophone . The song contains an interpolation of the song `` Space Oddity '' by English singer-songwriter David Bowie from his eponymous second studio album . Del Rey stated that the song is her favorite from Honeymoon , describing it as `` jazzy '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ce19ffb5c3791eea0046faf950c77622",
"text": "Perfidia `` Perfidia '' ( Spanish for `` perfidy '' , as in faithlessness , treachery or betrayal ) is a song written by Alberto Domínguez ( 1911 -- 1975 ) , a Mexican composer and arranger born in the state of Chiapas , about love and betrayal . Aside from the original Spanish , other renditions exist , including English and instrumental versions . The English lyrics are by Milton Leeds . The song was published in 1939 and became a hit for Xavier Cugat in 1940 . Desi Arnaz sings the Spanish version in the 1941 film Father takes a Wife which starred Gloria Swanson . This version was used by director Wong Kar-wai in his films Days of Being Wild , In the Mood for Love , and 2046 . `` Perfidia '' has been recorded by many artists , including Laurel Aitken , John Altman , Dave Apollon , Andrea Bocelli , Wilbert Alonzo Cabrera , Ray Conniff , Café Tacuba , Chico Che , Nat King Cole , Xavier Cugat , Issac Delgado , Phyllis Dillon , Freddy Fender , Ibrahim Ferrer , Frank Galan , Irvys Juarez & Rhonda Rosales , Ben E. King , Dorothy Lamour , James Last , Julie London , Trini Lopez , Los Panchos , Los Rabanes , Los Tres Caballeros and Javier Solís ( in Spanish ) , Luis Miguel , Glenn Miller , Olivia Molina , Hugo Montenegro , Sara Montiel , Nana Mouskouri , Duke Pachanga , Charlie Parker , María Dolores Pradera ( in Spanish ) , Perez Prado , Bud Roman and the Toppers , Linda Ronstadt ( in Spanish and English ) , Alfredo Sadel , the Four Aces , the Shadows with and without Cliff Richard , the Ventures , Mel Tormé , René Touzet , King Tubby , Olavi Virta , Lawrence Welk , and many others . An English arrangement of `` Perfidia '' was also the founding song of the Princeton Nassoons , Princeton University 's oldest a cappella group .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b971499eab4de6e7f8d0f3309240ae7e",
"text": "Cool for the Summer `` Cool for the Summer '' is a song by American singer Demi Lovato . It serves as the lead single from her fifth studio album , Confident ( 2015 ) . The song was released on July 1 , 2015 , by Hollywood , and Island Records , and made its radio premiere on the same date via Republic Records . Lovato co-wrote `` Cool for the Summer '' with Alexander Erik Kronlund , Savan Kotecha , and the song 's producers Max Martin and Ali Payami . Musically , it has a rock styled edge over an electronic instrumental arrangement . The song has garnered attention for its bi-curious insinuations and sexually suggestive lyrics . Critics praised `` Cool for the Summer '' for its production and bi-curious lyrical content . It was included on several year-end lists and received nominations for the MTV Video Music Awards and 2015 Teen Choice Awards in the `` Song Of The Summer '' category . The song received an award for being one of the most performed songs of 2015 at the ASCAP Pop Music Awards . Commercially `` Cool for the Summer '' had a positive reception . In United States the song debuted at number 36 on the Billboard Hot 100 dated July 18 , 2015 , selling 80,000 copies in its first charting week . It entered the Hot 100 's top 20 on the chart dated August 15 , 2015 , and peaked at number 11 , becoming Lovato 's third highest chart position . The song also reached number one on the Dance Club Songs chart . It was certified double-platinum by RIAA . `` Cool for the Summer '' has also topped the charts in Greece and peaked within the top 10 in Belgium , the Czech Republic , Lebanon , Mexico , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom as well as the top 20 in Australia , Canada , Ireland , Slovakia , and Spain . Its music video was directed by Hannah Lux Davis and released on July 23 , 2015 . It received positive reviews from critics , who praised the singer 's sensuality and artistic growth . To promote the song , Lovato performed it at pool parties after its release . She also promoted the song on several TV programs such as The Voice , Sunrise , the 2015 MTV Video Music Awards , Jimmy Kimmel Live ! , and Saturday Night Live .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9d8353ff689b288698402a2529ac9e12",
"text": "Del-Fi Records Del-Fi Records was an American record label based in Hollywood , California and owned by Bob Keane . The label 's first single released was `` Caravan '' by Henri Rose released in 1958 ; however , the label was most famous for signing Ritchie Valens . Valens ' first single for the label was `` Come On Let 's Go '' , which was a hit . His next single , `` Donna '' / `` La Bamba '' , was an even bigger big hit , and brought notability to the label . Johnny Crawford , the co-star of the television series The Rifleman , was the Del-Fi artist who recorded the most hit singles . Del-Fi ceased operating in 1974 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a0d048dd623d2d514d40711a6fe6ae5d",
"text": "Cultural impact of Elvis Presley Since the beginning of his career , Elvis Presley has had an extensive cultural impact . According to Rolling Stone , `` it was Elvis who made rock 'n' roll the international language of pop . '' Rolling Stone encyclopedia of Rock and Roll describes Presley as `` an American music giant of the 20th century who single-handedly changed the course of music and culture in the mid-1950s . '' His recordings , dance moves , attitude and clothing came to be seen as embodiments of rock and roll . His music was heavily influenced by African-American blues , Christian gospel , and Southern country . In a list of the greatest English language singers , as compiled by Q Magazine , Presley was ranked first , and second in the list of greatest singers of 20th century by BBC Radio . Presley sang both hard driving rockabilly , rock and roll dance songs and ballads , laying a commercial foundation upon which other rock musicians would build their careers . African-American performers like Big Joe Turner , Wynonie Harris and Fats Domino came to national prominence after Presley 's acceptance among mass audiences of White American adults . Singers like Jerry Lee Lewis , the Everly Brothers , Chuck Berry , Bo Diddley , Little Richard , Buddy Holly , Johnny Cash , Roy Orbison and others immediately followed in his wake . John Lennon later observed , `` Before Elvis , there was nothing . '' During the post-WWII economic boom of the 1950s , many parents were able to give their teenage children much higher weekly allowances , signaling a shift in the buying power and purchasing habits of American teens . During the 1940s bobby soxers had idolized Frank Sinatra , but the buyers of his records were mostly between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two . Presley triggered a lot of demand for his records by near-teens and early teens aged ten and up . Along with Presley 's `` ducktail '' haircut , the demand for black slacks and loose , open-necked shirts resulted in new lines of clothing for teenage boys whereas a girl might get a pink portable 45 rpm record player for her bedroom . Meanwhile , American teenagers began buying newly available portable transistor radios and listened to rock 'n' roll on them ( helping to propel that fledgling industry from an estimated 100,000 units sold in 1955 to 5,000,000 units by the end of 1958 ) . Teens were asserting more independence and Presley became a national symbol of their parents ' consternation . Presley 's impact on the American youth consumer market was noted on the front page of The Wall Street Journal on December 31 , 1956 when business journalist Louis M. Kohlmeier wrote , `` Elvis Presley today is a business , '' and reported on the singer 's record and merchandise sales . Half a century later , historian Ian Brailsford ( University of Auckland , New Zealand ) commented , `` The phenomenal success of Elvis Presley in 1956 convinced many doubters of the financial opportunities existing in the youth market . ''",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
c7e809986893a7b3cad7235eb9304700 | Lauren Graham writes books. | [
{
"docid": "bec668e84642d696d536b38be6df408b",
"text": "Lauren Graham Lauren Helen Graham ( born March 16 , 1967 ) is an American actress and author . She is best recognized for her role as Lorelai Gilmore on the television series Gilmore Girls ( 2000 -- 07 ) , for which she received two Screen Actors Guild Award nominations , one Golden Globe nomination , and five Satellite Award nominations . She is also known for film roles in Sweet November ( 2001 ) , Bad Santa ( 2003 ) , The Pacifier ( 2005 ) , Because I Said So ( 2007 ) , and Evan Almighty ( 2007 ) . From 2010 to 2015 , Graham starred as Sarah Braverman on the NBC television drama Parenthood . Graham published her debut novel in 2013 , Someday , Someday , Maybe , with Ballantine Books . She reprised her role as Lorelai Gilmore on Netflix 's reunion miniseries in 2016 , Gilmore Girls : A Year in the Life , and published a memoir , Talking as Fast as I Can : from Gilmore Girls to Gilmore Girls ( and Everything in Between ) .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "2a7b3b7d8404c7cf8e0370ec1d86be0a",
"text": "Frank Graham (writer) Frank Graham , Sr. ( November 12 , 1893 -- March 9 , 1965 ) was an American sportswriter and biographer . He covered sports in New York for the New York Sun from 1915 to 1943 and for the New York Journal-American from 1945 to 1965 . He was also a successful author , writing biographies of politician Al Smith and athletes Lou Gehrig and John McGraw , as well as histories of the New York Yankees , New York Giants and Brooklyn Dodgers . Graham 's writing style was notable for his use of lengthy passages of `` unrelieved dialogue '' in developing portraits of the persons about whom he wrote . Graham was posthumously inducted into the `` writers wing '' of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in 1972 . He was also posthumously honored in 1997 by the Boxing Writers Association of America with its highest honor , the A.J. Liebling Award .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b68f615ee7357523e1bdc3831837d9dc",
"text": "Alix Strauss Alix Strauss is a four-time published author and media social satirist based in Manhattan . She has been a featured trend journalist on CBS , CNN , ABC , NBC 's today show and various national morning and talk shows . Her articles have appeared in The New York Post , Time Magazine , The New York Times , Marie Claire , Entertainment Weekly , Self , and many other publications . Her four published books include her two non-fiction works Have I Got A Guy For You and Death Becomes Them : Unearthing the Suicides of the Brilliant , the Famous , and the Notorious , and her two works of fiction The Joy of Funerals and Based Upon Availability . She was chosen as a speaker for both the Jewish Book Council and Israel Bonds . Strauss also spoke last year at the University of Connecticut 's suicide prevention week in conjunction with Death Becomes Them . Strauss lectures extensively not only for bookstores and book clubs , but at conferences , colleges and universities , synagogues , libraries , country clubs , etc. . For her most recently published novel Based Upon Availability , a novel that takes place in Manhattan 's swanky Four Seasons Hotel , Strauss designed a book tour around hotels . She is in fact known for her unusual reading events and was quoted by Publishers Weekly to say `` I believe in finding venues that are in keeping with the theme of one 's work . '' True to her words , Strauss held the launch party for her first novel The Joy of Funerals at the Frank E. Campbell funeral home . She also held a reading for Death Becomes Them : Unearthing the Suicides of the Brilliant , the Famous & the Notorious at the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e69dde4b004cd9ac1f0201b71d2113ed",
"text": "Lauren DeStefano Lauren DeStefano is an American young adult author . She is best known for the Chemical Garden series of novels and her gallows humor .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "50d1ad602d2dcd34898cf1b7bfabc67d",
"text": "Goose Lane Editions Goose Lane Editions is a Canadian book publishing company founded in 1954 in Fredericton , New Brunswick as Fiddlehead Poetry Books by Fred Cogswell and a group of students and faculty from the University of New Brunswick associated with The Fiddlehead Magazine . After Cogswell retired in 1981 , his successor , Peter Thomas , changed the name to Goose Lane Editions . From 1989 to 1997 Douglas Lochhead was president of Goose Lane . It is now headed by publisher and co-owner Susanne Alexander . The Canada Council for the Arts says the publishing company `` has evolved to become one of Canada 's most exciting showcases of home-grown literary talent . '' Publications from Goose Lane Editions include literary fiction , poetry , biographies , works of history , travel literature , outdoor travel guides and serious non-fiction , as well as fine art volumes that it often publishes in association with museums and galleries . Authors published by Goose Lane include Alden Nowlan , Nancy Bauer , Herb Curtis , Reg Balch , Lynn Coady , Alan Cumyn , Sheree Fitch , Kerry Clare , Jeffery Donaldson , Herménégilde Chiasson , Lynn Davies , Tammy Armstrong , Kathryn Kuitenbrower , Catherine Bush , Noah Richler , Jacques Poitras , Tamai Kobayashi , Douglas Glover whose novel Elle won the 2003 Governor General 's Award for English-language fiction , Joan Thomas whose novel Reading by Lightning won the 2009 Commonwealth Writers Prize for Best First Book ( Canada and the Caribbean ) , Riel Nason whose novel The Town That Drowned won the 2012 Commonwealth Book Prize ( Canada and Europe ) , and Marcello Di Cintio , whose book Walls : Travels Along the Barricades won the 2013 Shaughnessy Cohen Award for Political Writing .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "26ec3f4fad7e59a9b282d555e8b9501a",
"text": "Personal History Personal History is the autobiography of Washington Post publisher Katharine Graham . It was published in 1997 and won the 1998 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography , receiving widespread critical acclaim for its candour in dealing with her husband 's mental illness and the challenges she faced in a male-dominated working environment .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7d82545d42a150e7b002e9e82601a78e",
"text": "Gail Gaymer Martin Gail Gaymer Martin is a Christian speaker and an American novelist . Born and raised in Michigan , Gail lives with her husband , Bob , who she considers to be her greatest fan , who also happens to be her proofreader . Along with writing , Gail enjoys music , and she especially enjoys singing as a soloist and choir member at her church ; she is a member of the Detroit Lutheran Singers . Gail also plays handchimes and handbells . Gail formatted several Christmas programs for her church and submitted them to CSS Publishing in September 1994 which started her career in writing . She received her first book contract in January 1995 , six months before she retired from her school counselor position at Madison High School in Madison Heights , Michigan . She sold her first novel to Barbour Publishing in 1998 and it was released in Oct 1998 . Her second novel sold shortly thereafter ; released in May 1999 and that same year in June she sold to Steeple Hill .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "40f583ff666a635f0d6e448193f31fe2",
"text": "Louise Dale Louise Dale is an English writer who lives in Newark , England . She writes the Time Trigger series . The series is about two 12-year-olds , Alice and Robert , who are trying to recover and return all the `` Time Triggers '' , which propel you forwards and backwards in time . The book Millennium Spies was nominated for several Lincolnshire book awards . So far , there are six books in the series : The Curse of Rocamadour ( 2002 ) The Keys of Rome ( 2003 ) Millenium Spies ( 2004 ) Savage Pilgrims ( 2004 ) Royal Pirates ( 2005 ) The Masks of Robin Hood ( 2006 ) __ NOTOC __",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "eb8f93b76ad87202db3b5f25fa326589",
"text": "Firebrand Books Firebrand Books is a publishing house established in 1984 by Nancy K. Bereano -- a lesbian/feminist activist in Ithaca , NY . Karen Oosterhouse , publisher since 2003 , describes Firebrand as `` the independent publisher of record for feminist and lesbian fiction and nonfiction , '' championing `` authors whose work has been marginalized : women of color , women coming out of poverty , transwomen , the genderqueer , and other underrepresented voices . '' It is among the many feminist and lesbian publishing houses that grew out of the Women 's Press Movement ; other presses of that period include Naiad Books , Persephone and Kitchen Table : Women of Color Press . From 1984 to 2000 , Firebrand Books published literary fiction , nonfiction , and poetry on lesbian and feminist themes , placing publisher Nancy Bereano `` at the forefront of lesbian and small press publishing . '' Firebrand was the first publisher of Dorothy Allison 's short story collection Trash , which subsequently won double Lambda Literary Awards in the categories of Lesbian Fiction and Small Press , and of the `` Dykes to Watch Out For '' series by Alison Bechdel . The press has published poetry , fiction , and non-fiction by many luminary authors , including Jewelle Gomez , Leslie Feinberg , Cheryl Clarke , Ruthann Robson , Lesléa Newman , Mab Segrest , Leslie Feinberg , Judith Katz , Audre Lorde , and Minnie Bruce Pratt , earning four American Library Association Gay/Lesbian/Bisexual Book Awards and 12 Lambda Literary Awards , including the Publisher 's Service Award for Bereano , in 1996 . On Bereano 's influential role as an editor and publisher , Alison Bechdel writes : `` she discovered me and published my first book when I was a punk kid ... She also urged me to write a graphic novel long before the current craze , and that was the beginning of Fun Home . '' Bereano has emphasized the importance of small independent presses in supporting and promoting `` new ways of thinking , '' especially for readers marginalized by large publishing houses . Citing her experiences publishing the work of Audre Lorde , Bereano writes : The fact that -LSB- Lorde 's -RSB- prose was published exclusively by small independently owned women 's presses was both a result of the major houses ' narrow perspective and the fact that Audre Lorde 's prose , particularly her myth-shattering essays , was instrumental in framing a changing reality for many women , primarily lesbian women ( a readership long dismissed by the mainstream publishing world ) . After Bereano 's retirement in 1994 , Firebrand Books was sold , first to distributor LPC Group , and eventually to Karen Oosterhouse , who relocated the press from Ithaca to Ann Arbor , Michigan , in 2003 . In a 2009 interview , Oosterhouse stated that , `` perhaps there will come a day when there is no longer a need for a specifically lesbian and feminist press , but for now Firebrand is that press . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dd4b2f28ee6e2d755d1f0ee1d34628c6",
"text": "Pam Allyn Pam Allyn ( born January 31 , 1963 ) is an American literacy expert and author . Pam is the founding director of LitWorld , a global literacy initiative serving children across the United States and in more than 60 countries . She is also the Executive Director and founder of LitLife , a cutting-edge consulting group working with schools to enrich best practice teaching methods and building curriculum for reading and writing . She is the author of the Your Child 's Writing Life ( Penguin Avery ) , Pam Allyn 's Best Books for Boys : How To Engage Boys in Reading in Ways That Will Change Their Lives ( Scholastic ) , What To Read When : The Books and Stories To Read With Your Child -- And All The Best Times To Read Them ( Penguin Avery ) , and Core Ready , a 14-book series focusing on the Common Core Learning Standards ( Pearson ) . Pam is widely known as a motivational speaker advocating for reading and writing as human rights that belong to all people . Her personal quest to bring literacy to every child stems from a deeper desire to bring dignity to every child , and to empower children to read and write powerfully , effectively and with passion in ways that will change their worlds and the worlds of others . Her work has been featured on Good Morning America , The Today Show , Oprah Radio , The Huffington Post , CNN International , and in The New York Times . Pam is the Global Ambassador for Scholastic 's `` Read Every Day . Lead a Better Life . '' Campaign . She is lso a spokesperson for BIC Kids , championing BIC 's 2014 `` Fight For Your Write '' campaign .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7ca722152afed7b76100de2bf1c0582c",
"text": "Graham McNeill Graham McNeill is a British novelist . He is best known for his Warhammer Fantasy and Warhammer 40,000 novels , and his previous role as games designer for Games Workshop . He is currently working as a Senior Writer at Riot Games .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1b846149f630ddc71d8b5643ccaa2caf",
"text": "The Confidential Agent The Confidential Agent ( 1939 ) is a thriller novel by British author Graham Greene . Fueled by Benzedrine , Greene wrote it in six weeks . To avoid distraction , he rented a room in Bloomsbury from a landlady who lived in an apartment below him . He used that apartment in the novel ( it 's where D. hides for a day ) and had an affair with the landlady 's daughter . He wrote the book for money and was so displeased with his work that he wanted it published under a pseudonym . But critics took a far different view ; The New York Times , for example , called the novel `` a magnificent tour-de-force . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "097d08b0d60b52362323fdf07f3f0e6b",
"text": "Lauren Holmes Lauren Holmes is an American author and writer of short stories . She published her first collection of short stories , Barbara the Slut and Other People in 2015 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a49b36c8a1766d394fb291eccdd1f545",
"text": "Deborah Heiligman Deborah Heiligman is an award-winning American author of books for children and teens . Her work ranges from picture books to young adult novels and includes both fiction and nonfiction .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1166b66029c137d997e4ddbd8e533ae7",
"text": "Lauren Slater Lauren Slater ( born March 21 , 1963 ) is an American psychologist and writer . She is the author of seven books , including Welcome To My Country ( 1996 ) , Prozac Diary ( 1998 ) , and Lying : A Metaphorical Memoir ( 2000 ) . Her 2004 Opening Skinner 's Box : Great Psychology Experiments of the Twentieth Century , a description of psychology experiments `` narrated as stories , '' has drawn both praise and criticism . It was nominated for a Los Angeles Times Kirsch award for science and technology writing , and was named as a 2005 Bild Der Wissenschaft book of the year in Germany . Criticism has focused on Slater 's research methods and on the extent to which some of the experiences she describes may have been fictionalized . Other awards Slater has won include the 1993 New Letters Literary Award in creative nonfiction , and the 1994 Missouri Review Award , and her work was included in The Best American Essays of 1994 and 1997 . She has contributed to The New York Times , Harper 's , and Elle . The Village Voice has called her `` the closest thing we have to a doyenne of psychiatric disorder . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "951f1c8174d31694d3103cef5598aec6",
"text": "Council on Books in Wartime The Council on Books in Wartime ( 1942 -- 1946 ) was an American non-profit organization founded by booksellers , publishers , librarians , authors , and others , in the spring of 1942 to channel the use of books as `` weapons in the war of ideas '' ( the Council 's motto ) . Its primary aim was the promotion of books to influence the thinking of the American people regarding World War II , to build and maintain the will to win , to expose the true nature of the enemy , to disseminate technical information , to provide relaxation and inspiration , and to clarify war aims and problems of peace . The Council co-operated with the Office of War Information ( OWI ) and other Government agencies , but was itself a voluntary , unpaid , non-Governmental organization . The Council attempted to achieve its goals by acting as a clearinghouse for book-related ideas , by being an intermediary between the book-trade industry and government agencies , by offering advice to publishers , and by handling all forms of public relations including distribution of reading lists and pamphlets , lectures , radio programs , newsreels , and book promotion and publication . In 1942 , the Council created a War Book Panel to choose titles officially recommended by the Council . These titles were republished by Council member publishers with a seal of approval , a large `` I '' on the front cover meaning an `` Imperative '' book . 6 `` Imperative '' books were published between 1942 and 1945 ( see War Book Panel ) . In the spring of 1943 , the Council launched the effort for which it would become best known , the Armed Services Editions . By the time the program ended in 1947 , it had printed 122,951,031 books , selling them to the government at an average cost of just over six cents a volume . The Armed Services Editions brought high-end books to a mass audience , and helped popularize the emerging paperback format . One of the most popular ASE books was A Tree Grows in Brooklyn ( 1943 ) by Betty Smith , and the ASE 's distribution of F. Scott Fitzgerald 's novel The Great Gatsby helped revive interest in the book . In 1944 , the Council launched Oversees Editions , Inc , a subsidiary aimed at distributing American books to civilian populations abroad , to promote a positive view of American culture . With the end of World War II , the Council on Books in Wartime ceased active operations on Jan 31 , 1946 but maintained its corporate entities to deal with the dispersal of remaining funds and the safekeeping of records . Some of those involved on the Council include : W. W. Norton of W. W. Norton & Company , Bennett Cerf of Random House , George A. Hecht of Doubleday & Co. , and Mark Van Doren .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0cb1b42e0a949eaf2cee3dadcf286880",
"text": "Southern Ontario Gothic Southern Ontario Gothic is a subgenre of the Gothic novel genre and a feature of Canadian literature that comes from Southern Ontario . This region includes Toronto , Southern Ontario 's major industrial cities ( Windsor , London , Hamilton , St. Thomas , Oshawa , St. Catharines ) , and the surrounding countryside . While the genre may also feature other areas of Ontario , Canada , and the world as narrative locales , this region provides the core settings . The term was first used in Graeme Gibson 's Eleven Canadian Novelists ( 1972 ) to recognize an existing tendency to apply aspects of the Gothic novel to writing based in and around Southern Ontario . In an interview with Timothy Findley , Gibson commented that Findley 's novel The Last of the Crazy People shared similarities with the American Southern Gothic genre , to which Findley replied , '' ... sure , it 's Southern Gothic : Southern Ontario Gothic . '' Notable writers of this subgenre include Alice Munro , Margaret Atwood , Robertson Davies , Jane Urquhart , Marian Engel , James Reaney and Barbara Gowdy . Like the Southern Gothic of American writers such as William Faulkner , Flannery O'Connor and Eudora Welty , Southern Ontario Gothic analyzes and critiques social conditions such as race , gender , religion and politics , but in a Southern Ontario context . Southern Ontario Gothic is generally characterized by a stern realism set against the dour small-town Protestant morality stereotypical of the region , and often has underlying themes of moral hypocrisy . Actions and people that act against humanity , logic , and morality all are portrayed unfavourably , and one or more characters may be suffering from some form of mental illness . In a review of Alice Munro 's Dear Life for Quill & Quire , literary critic James Grainger writes that `` Violence , illness , and reputations ruined by a single indiscretion are accepted in Munro 's secretive , repressed communities as a kind of levelling mechanism , rough justice for those who dare to strive for something finer . '' The Gothic novel has traditionally examined the role of evil in the human soul , and has incorporated dark or horrific imagery to create the desired setting . Some ( but not all ) writers of Southern Ontario Gothic use supernatural or magic realist elements ; a few deviate from realism entirely , in the manner of the fantastical gothic novel . Virtually all dwell to a certain extent upon the grotesque . Notable works of the genre include Davies ' Deptford Trilogy , Findley 's Headhunter , Atwood 's Alias Grace and The Blind Assassin , and Munro 's Selected Stories . The genre has been criticised as having `` little or nothing to distinguish it from everyday , garden-variety type realism . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "290f40074a520d70d5ec1329bbae3c1b",
"text": "Lauren Grodstein Lauren Grodstein ( born November 19 , 1975 ) is an American novelist and educator at Rutgers University of Camden in New Jersey , known for her use of male viewpoint characters . Her novel Girls Dinner Club made the New York Public Library `` Book for the Teen Age '' list in 2006 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d3f62e59f369df98cc4fa8f7d44f3d78",
"text": "Lauren Liebenberg Lauren Liebenberg ( born 3 August 1972 ) is a Zimbabwe-born South African writer . Her debut novel The Voluptuous Delights of Peanut Butter and Jam was nominated for the Orange Prize for Fiction in 2008 . Her subsequent novels , The West Rand Jive Cats Boxing Club andCry Baby , have also received international critical acclaim .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c6bfaacad0aa498ae2ba654ba2cd497e",
"text": "Sara Blædel Sara Blædel ( born 6 August 1964 ) , is a Danish author . She is best known for her crime fiction novels featuring Louise Rick . Blædel founded the `` Sara B '' crime fiction publishing company in 1993 , and in 1995 she started to work as a journalist .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c0ad1e47f62060d513bc3fe8518a4dde",
"text": "Heather McElhatton Heather McElhatton is a writer and producer for Public Radio International . McElhatton produced the literary series Talking Volumes from 2001 to 2006 . From 2005 to 2007 she hosted the live variety show Stage Sessions for Minnesota Public Radio at the Fitzgerald Theater in St Paul , Minnesota . The show combined storytelling , spoken word , music and featured guests including Sebastian Junger , Ann Bancroft , Kevin Kling , Bill Holm and Robert Bly . McElhatton has published several short stories , including Red Shoes in Alabama and the Whore Who Wore Them which was nominated for a Pushcart Prize in 2001 . McElhatton appeared on a televised episode of This American Life in a segment called `` Peezilla '' , where she recaptured her experience on a school bus when she was a little girl . Her debut novel , Pretty Little Mistakes , was a choose your own adventure style book for adults published by HarperCollins in May 2007 . Her second book , `` Jennifer Johnson is Sick of Being Single '' , was released by HarperCollins in May 2009 . Her fourth book is `` Jennifer Johnson is Sick of Being Married . '' Million Little Mistakes , a sequel to Pretty Little Mistakes , in which the reader decides how to spend $ 22 million in lottery winnings , was released in 2010 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
fdfb2c9b4d8bffd8d399c0f0cfabb8b5 | Daniel Craig appeared in a movie which was an English language thriller. | [
{
"docid": "613bfbfda451f38ebef4bf7f11afd657",
"text": "Layer Cake (film) Layer Cake ( also occasionally stylised as L4YER CAKƐ ) is a 2004 British crime thriller film directed by Matthew Vaughn , in his directorial debut . The screenplay was adapted by J. J. Connolly from his novel of the same name . The film 's plot revolves around a London-based criminal , played by Daniel Craig , working in the trade of cocaine who wishes to leave the drug business . The film features Tom Hardy , Colm Meaney , and Sienna Miller . The film was produced by Adam Bohling , David Reid and Matthew Vaughn , with Stephen Marks as executive producer . The title refers to the social strata , especially in the British criminal underworld .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "255032b8a102a04be06da737061e57d1",
"text": "Daniel Craig Daniel Wroughton Craig ( born 2 March 1968 ) is an English actor . He trained at the National Youth Theatre and graduated from the Guildhall School of Music and Drama in 1991 , before beginning his career on stage . His film debut was in the drama The Power of One ( 1992 ) . Other early appearances were in the Disney family film A Kid in King Arthur 's Court ( 1995 ) and the biographical film Elizabeth ( 1998 ) , as well as in the historical war drama television series Sharpe 's Eagle ( 1993 ) and the action-adventure drama series Zorro . Cast as the fictional British secret agent James Bond in October 2005 , his first film in the role , Casino Royale , was released internationally in November 2006 . Craig 's appearances in the British television film Love Is the Devil : Study for a Portrait of Francis Bacon ( 1998 ) , the indie war film The Trench ( 1999 ) , and the drama Some Voices ( 2000 ) attracted the film industry 's attention . This led to roles in bigger productions such as the action film Lara Croft : Tomb Raider ( 2001 ) , the crime thriller Road to Perdition ( 2002 ) , the crime thriller Layer Cake ( 2004 ) , and the Steven Spielberg historical drama Munich ( 2005 ) . Craig achieved international fame when chosen as the sixth actor to play the role of Ian Fleming 's James Bond in the official film series , taking over from Pierce Brosnan in 2005 . Although his casting was initially greeted with scepticism , his debut was highly acclaimed and earned him a BAFTA award nomination , with Casino Royale becoming the highest-grossing in the series at the time . Quantum of Solace followed two years later . Craig 's third Bond film , Skyfall , premiered in 2012 and is currently the highest-grossing film in the series , was the highest-grossing film in the UK until 2015 and the fifteenth highest-grossing film of all time . Craig 's fourth Bond film , Spectre , premiered in 2015 . In 2006 , he joined the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences . Since taking the role of Bond , he has continued to star in other films , including the World War II film Defiance ( 2008 ) , science fiction Western Cowboys & Aliens ( 2010 ) , and the English-language adaptation of Stieg Larsson 's mystery thriller The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo ( 2011 ) . Craig also made a guest appearance as Bond in the opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympic Games , alongside Queen Elizabeth II . As of 20 February 2017 , Craig is the second longest serving James Bond , surpassed only by Roger Moore .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "849e97b5b55d702d1e85de6869e93130",
"text": "The Last Target The Last Target is a 1972 British thriller film starring Michael Redgrave . It is one of his last films .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c7f9afdc6d0fd27ef24a255951e1766a",
"text": "Erotic thriller An Erotic thriller is a film genre defined by a thriller with a thematic basis in illicit romance or erotic fantasy . Most erotic thrillers contain scenes of softcore sex and nudity , but the frequency and explicitness of those scenes varies . Though similar films appeared as early as the 1960s , erotic thrillers emerged as a distinct genre in the late 1980s , bolstered by the popular success of Adrian Lyne 's Fatal Attraction in 1987 and a quickly expanding domestic and international market for softcore adult entertainment on cable television and home video . The genre had a classic period of growth and expansion in the 1990s , but by the early 2000s declined in production and popular appeal . The potent combination of danger and romance , catering to both male and female audiences simultaneously , was the primary selling point for erotic thriller films during their classic period . The half-naked bodies displayed on posters , newspaper ads , and video box covers were accompanied by log lines that capture the unmistakable duality of the erotic thriller film : If you think you can handle her , you 're dead wrong . -- Body Chemistry 3 : Point of Seduction He was hired to watch . Now he 's tempted to touch . -- Night Eyes Twin sisters cross the line into a deadly erotic fantasy land . -- Mirror Images In all , over 300 erotic thriller films were produced in the 1990s , which is comparable to the number of thriller films made in the noir decade of the 1940s . The total number of films in the erotic thriller genre from 1985 to 2005 may number as high as over 500 . Like film noir , the genre has evolved and modernized , and new films continue to be made that are influenced by the classic style .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9a9ec6bfe057f06329659a35cf586bad",
"text": "The Criminal (1999 film) The Criminal is a 1999 British thriller film directed by Julian Simpson and starring Steven Mackintosh , Eddie Izzard and Natasha Little . After meeting a beautiful woman in a bar , a man 's life is plunged into chaos .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "920c7c2d1f12658c0d162d0ea51c3827",
"text": "James Bond (2015 film) James Bond ( Tag line : Nenu Kadhu Naa Pellam ) is a 2015 Telugu action comedy film written and directed by Sai Kishore Macha and produced by Anil Sunkara under the banner A.K.Entertainments . It features Allari Naresh and Sakshi Chaudhary in the lead roles while Ashish Vidyarthi , Raghu Babu and Krishna Bhagavan appear in supporting roles . Allari Naresh has crooned his voice for a song in the movie . The film was released on 24 July 2015 . The movie is loosely based on the Korean movie My Wife Is a Gangster .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ec915b9f8fed61ce370c379fcf078a9c",
"text": "Tomorrow Never Dies Tomorrow Never Dies ( 1997 ) is the eighteenth spy film in the James Bond series , and the second to star Pierce Brosnan as the fictional MI6 agent James Bond . Directed by Roger Spottiswoode , with the screenplay written by Bruce Feirstein , the film follows Bond as he attempts to stop Elliot Carver , a power-mad media mogul , from engineering world events to initiate World War III . The film was produced by Michael G. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli , and was the first James Bond film made after the death of producer Albert R. Broccoli , to whom the movie pays tribute in the end credits . Filming locations included France , Thailand , Germany , Mexico and the United Kingdom . Tomorrow Never Dies performed well at the box office and earned a Golden Globe nomination despite mixed reviews . While its performance at the domestic box office surpassed that of its predecessor , GoldenEye , it was the only Pierce Brosnan Bond film not to open at number one at the box office , as it opened the same day as Titanic , but instead at number two .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "71ec6f4d6faa2b1f0d754750777e53b7",
"text": "Michael Craig (actor) Michael Francis Gregson ( born 27 January 1928 ) , known professionally as Michael Craig , is a British actor and scriptwriter , known for his work in theatre , film and television both in the United Kingdom and Australia .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "af99d8a0f494fe6edd4f8eef429e2431",
"text": "Sacrifice (2016 film) Sacrifice is a 2016 American thriller film that was written and directed by Peter A. Dowling , and starred Radha Mitchell and Rupert Graves . It was filmed in Ireland , Shetland , Scotland , and New York City . The film is based on the book Sacrifice by Sharon Bolton .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0201f079c6401272e1e5cbd2b2b62660",
"text": "Mister John Mister John is a 2013 thriller film by Joe Lawlor and Christine Molloy , their second feature film following their debut Helen . It stars Aidan Gillen , Zoe Tay , Michael Thomas , and Claire Keelan .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "73c21d97844dc1e6b30214c18743c598",
"text": "Apartment Zero Apartment Zero is a 1988 Argentine-British political thriller film co-written and directed by Argentine-born screenwriter Martin Donovan and starring Hart Bochner and Colin Firth . The film is famously suffused with homoerotic overtones and moments of black comedy . It was produced in 1988 and premiered at film festivals throughout 1989 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fa1c6264be60a38948f04a3564e9495e",
"text": "Foreign Exchange (1970 film) Foreign Exchange is a 1970 British television thriller film directed by Roy Ward Baker and starring Robert Horton , Sebastian Cabot and Jill St. John . It is based on a novel by Jimmy Sangster . Its plot involves a former British spy who arranges an exchange of captured spies with Russia . The same characters had been featured earlier in the 1969 television film The Spy Killer . The film was shown in the US on the ABC Movie of the Week .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9decda172a8bcd06a7915af7c30ea6d1",
"text": "Pimp (film) Pimp is a British thriller film in the mockumentary vein of Man Bites Dog , it was released in cinemas on 21 May 2010 . It is written , produced and directed by Robert Cavanah who also plays the lead role . It also starred Billy Boyd , Martin Compston , Scarlett Alice Johnson , Barbara Nedeljáková , Robert Fucilla and Danny Dyer .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d2060c308718e50d560ebcb8ef91d2dd",
"text": "The Believers The Believers is a 1987 American neo-noir thriller film directed by John Schlesinger , released in 1987 and starring Martin Sheen , Robert Loggia and Helen Shaver . It is based on the 1982 novel The Religion by Nicholas Conde .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "402b2ba49c08618310132b7532d1a2be",
"text": "Entity (2012 film) Entity is a 2012 British supernatural thriller film written and directed by Steve Stone . The film had its world premiere on 25 October 2012 , at the Bram Stoker International Film Festival . It stars Dervla Kirwan , Charlotte Riley , and Branko Tomovic and centers upon a British reality show film crew that encounters a dark entity .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "89aab664ebc53d04845bf9335e75acfd",
"text": "Blind Spot (2015 film) Blind Spot is a 2015 Chinese suspense thriller film directed by Danny Pang . The film was released on October 23 , 2015 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ea8308e801fad44d649bf01fafdaafcb",
"text": "The Happening (2008 film) The Happening is a 2008 American thriller film written , co-produced and directed by M. Night Shyamalan , and stars Mark Wahlberg , Zooey Deschanel , John Leguizamo , and Betty Buckley . The film follows a man , his wife , his best friend and his friend 's daughter as they try to escape from an inexplicable natural disaster . The film was advertised as being Shyamalan 's first R-rated film ; it received mostly negative reviews from critics on Metacritic and grossed $ 163 million worldwide .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e4f8c4eb3851d16139d938a9f7b01933",
"text": "Eden Lake Eden Lake is a 2008 British horror thriller film written and directed by James Watkins and starring Kelly Reilly , Michael Fassbender and Jack O'Connell . The film received mostly positive reviews , and was nominated for the Empire Award for Best British Film . It is among a group of roughly contemporaneous , films that deal with concerns over `` Broken Britain '' and a fear of `` hoodies '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0c41bf41308c04e754430017928a989a",
"text": "The Curse of Downers Grove The Curse of Downers Grove is an American thriller film written by Bret Easton Ellis . The film is based on the 1999 novel Downers Grove by Michael Hornburg , the film stars Kevin Zegers , Bella Heathcote , Penelope Mitchell , Lucas Till , Zane Holtz , Helen Slater , and Tom Arnold . The film receives a limited theatrical release on August 21 , 2015 and a subsequent DVD/Blu-Ray release on September 1 , 2015 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ccd1f6917e7da5a86046ef187c814d4f",
"text": "A Dangerous Method A Dangerous Method is a 2011 German-Canadian-American-British historical film directed by David Cronenberg and starring Keira Knightley , Viggo Mortensen , Michael Fassbender , and Vincent Cassel . The screenplay was adapted by writer Christopher Hampton from his 2002 stage play The Talking Cure , which was based on the 1993 non-fiction book by John Kerr , A Most Dangerous Method : The story of Jung , Freud , and Sabina Spielrein . The film marks the third consecutive collaboration between Cronenberg and Viggo Mortensen ( after A History of Violence and Eastern Promises ) . This is also the third Cronenberg film made with British film producer Jeremy Thomas , after completing together the William Burroughs adaptation Naked Lunch and the J. G. Ballard adaptation Crash . A Dangerous Method was a German/Canadian co-production . The film premiered at the 68th Venice Film Festival and was also featured at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival . Set on the eve of World War I , A Dangerous Method describes the turbulent relationships between Carl Jung , founder of analytical psychology ; Sigmund Freud , founder of the discipline of psychoanalysis ; and Sabina Spielrein , initially a patient of Jung and later a physician and one of the first female psychoanalysts . Among the film 's many honors , Mortensen was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor -- Motion Picture for his portrayal of Freud .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fe0a358f675a3134302798e5f648c410",
"text": "Skyfall Skyfall is the 23rd James Bond film produced by Eon Productions and released in 2012 . It features Daniel Craig in his third performance as James Bond , and Javier Bardem as Raoul Silva , the film 's villain . It was directed by Sam Mendes and written by Neal Purvis , Robert Wade and John Logan , and features an Academy Award-winning theme , sung by Adele . It was distributed by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer ( MGM ) and Columbia Pictures . The story centres on Bond investigating an attack on MI6 ; the attack is part of a plot by former MI6 agent Raoul Silva to humiliate , discredit and kill M as revenge against her for betraying him . The film sees the return of two recurring characters to the series after an absence of two films : Q , played by Ben Whishaw , and Moneypenny , played by Naomie Harris . Skyfall is the last film of the series for Judi Dench , who played M , a role that she had played in the previous six films . The position is subsequently filled by Ralph Fiennes ' character , Gareth Mallory , though Dench would make a brief appearance in the next Bond film , Spectre . Mendes was approached to direct the film after the release of Quantum of Solace in 2008 . Development was suspended when MGM encountered financial troubles and did not resume until December 2010 ; during this time , Mendes remained attached to the project as a consultant . The original screenwriter , Peter Morgan , left the project during the suspension . When production resumed , Logan , Purvis , and Wade continued writing what became the final version of the script . Filming began in November 2011 and primarily took place in the United Kingdom , with smaller portions shot in China and Turkey . Skyfall premiered in London at the Royal Albert Hall on 23 October 2012 and was released in the United Kingdom on 26 October 2012 and the United States on 9 November 2012 . It was the first James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues , although it was not filmed with IMAX cameras . The film 's release coincided with the 50th anniversary of the series , which began with Dr. No in 1962 . Skyfall was positively received by critics , being praised for its performances -- particularly those of Craig , Bardem and Dench -- writing and script , cinematography , Mendes ' direction , Thomas Newman 's score , and the action scenes . It was the 14th film to gross over $ 1 billion worldwide , and the first Bond film to do so . It became the seventh-highest-grossing film at the time , the highest-grossing film in the UK , the highest-grossing film in the series , the highest-grossing film worldwide for both Sony Pictures and MGM , and the second-highest-grossing film of 2012 . The film won several accolades , including two BAFTA Awards , two Academy Awards and two Grammys .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "62a76004cc7c2110bf799438186bc5b9",
"text": "James Bond The James Bond series focuses on a fictional British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming , who featured him in twelve novels and two short-story collections . Since Fleming 's death in 1964 , eight other authors have written authorised Bond novels or novelizations : Kingsley Amis , Christopher Wood , John Gardner , Raymond Benson , Sebastian Faulks , Jeffery Deaver , William Boyd and Anthony Horowitz . The latest novel is Trigger Mortis by Anthony Horowitz , published in September 2015 . Additionally Charlie Higson wrote a series on a young James Bond , and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diaries of a recurring series character , Moneypenny . The character has also been adapted for television , radio , comic strip , video games and film . The films are the longest continually running film series of all time and have grossed over $ 7.040 billion in total , making it the fourth-highest-grossing film series to date , which started in 1962 with Dr. No , starring Sean Connery as Bond . As of , there have been twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series . The most recent Bond film , Spectre ( 2015 ) , stars Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond ; he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series . There have also been two independent productions of Bond films : Casino Royale ( a 1967 spoof ) and Never Say Never Again ( a 1983 remake of an earlier Eon-produced film , Thunderball ) . In 2015 , the franchise was estimated to be worth $ 19.9 billion , making James Bond one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time . The Bond films are renowned for a number of features , including the musical accompaniment , with the theme songs having received Academy Award nominations on several occasions , and two wins . Other important elements which run through most of the films include Bond 's cars , his guns , and the gadgets with which he is supplied by Q Branch . The films are also noted for Bond 's relationships with various women , who are sometimes referred to as `` Bond girls '' .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
f0be73c64844b44ecd625a82f64fd589 | Andrew Jackson was not president in the 1830s. | [
{
"docid": "6b73793186ed5826e8fc7a34b3f96ed4",
"text": "Indian Removal Act The Indian Removal Act was signed by President Andrew Jackson on May 28 , 1830 . The law authorized the president to negotiate with southern Native tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their ancestral homelands . The act enjoyed strong support from the non-Native peoples of the South , who were eager to gain access to lands inhabited by the southeastern tribes . Christian missionaries protested against the law 's passage , arguing that it was inhumane . This term was used to discuss the forced relocation of Native Americans from U.S.-claimed states to lands west of the Mississippi River . There was a large amount of resistance from those indigenous people . Cherokee tribes came together as an independent nation to try to stop this relocation ; however , they were unsuccessful .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fb04257cad23c0bdf1fe8f645a463e71",
"text": "Andrew Jackson Andrew Jackson ( March 15 , 1767 -- June 8 , 1845 ) was an American soldier and statesman who served as the seventh President of the United States from 1829 to 1837 and was the founder of the Democratic Party . Before being elected to the presidency , Jackson served in Congress and gained fame as a general in the United States Army . As president , Jackson sought to advance the rights of the `` common man '' against a `` corrupt aristocracy '' and to preserve the Union . He became a practicing lawyer in Tennessee and in 1791 he married Rachel Donelson Robards . Jackson served briefly in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate . Upon returning to Tennessee , he was appointed a justice on the Tennessee Supreme Court , serving from 1798 until 1804 . In 1801 , Jackson was appointed colonel in the Tennessee militia , and was elected its commander the following year . He led Tennessee militia and U.S. Army regulars during the Creek War of 1813 -- 1814 , winning a major victory at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend . The subsequent Treaty of Fort Jackson required the Creek surrender of vast lands in present-day Alabama and Georgia . Jackson won a decisive victory in the War of 1812 over the British army at the Battle of New Orleans , making him a national hero . Following the conclusion of the War of 1812 , Jackson led U.S. forces in the First Seminole War , which helped produce the Adams -- Onís Treaty of 1819 and the transfer of Florida from Spain to the United States . Following the ratification of the treaty , Jackson briefly served as Florida 's first territorial governor before winning election as a U.S. Senator from Tennessee . Jackson was a candidate for president in 1824 but , lacking a majority of electoral votes , lost the election in the House of Representatives to John Quincy Adams . In reaction to a `` corrupt bargain '' between opponents Adams and Henry Clay , Jackson 's supporters founded the Democratic Party . He ran again for president in 1828 against Adams and won in a landslide . As president , Jackson faced a threat of secession by South Carolina over the `` Tariff of Abominations '' enacted under Adams . The Nullification Crisis was defused when the tariff was amended and Jackson threatened the use of military force if South Carolina attempted to secede . Congress , led by Clay , attempted to reauthorize the Second Bank of the United States ; Jackson regarded the Bank as a corrupt institution and vetoed the renewal of its charter . After a lengthy struggle , Jackson and the congressional Democrats thoroughly dismantled the Bank . In 1835 , Jackson became the only president to completely pay off the national debt , fulfilling a longtime goal . In foreign affairs , Jackson 's administration concluded a `` most favored nation '' treaty with Great Britain , settled U.S. claims of damages by France from the Napoleonic Wars , and recognized the Republic of Texas . His presidency marked the beginning of the ascendancy of the `` spoils system '' in American politics . In 1830 , Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act , which relocated most members of the Native American tribes in the South to Indian Territory ( now Oklahoma ) . The relocation process dispossessed the Indians and resulted in widespread death and sickness . In his retirement , Jackson remained active in Democratic Party politics , supporting the presidencies of Martin Van Buren and James K. Polk . Jackson was widely revered in the United States , but his reputation has declined since the mid-20th century , largely due to his role in Indian removal and support for slavery . Surveys of historians and scholars have ranked Jackson between 6th and 18th most successful among United States presidents .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "e1be42205619903da3c01ebed1666d6f",
"text": "Inauguration of Andrew Johnson The inauguration of Andrew Johnson as the 17th President of the United States was held on April 15 , 1865 at the Kirkwood House in Washington , D.C. , following the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln . The inauguration marked the commencement of Andrew Johnson 's only term ( a partial term of ) as President . Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase administered the Oath of office . After the ceremony , President Johnson gave an impromptu inaugural address , which began with him begging the cabinet to remain with him and then attacking the Confederacy with such venom , that one witness remarked `` It would have been better had he been struck dumb . '' As President Lincoln lay dying , Vice President Johnson visited the room where he lay , and when Mrs. Lincoln saw him , it was reported , she screamed and demanded he be removed . So he went back to his room at the Kirkwood House . According to newspaper reports , the Vice President had gotten severely inebriated , and when aides to the now-dead president came to fetch the new President they were unable to wake him for several minutes . When he was finally awake , the accounts read , `` he had puffy eyes and his hair was caked with mud from the street , '' and that a barber and doctor were summoned to clean him up for the ten-o'clock ceremony , which most accounts agree went smoothly . However , there are other accounts , believed more reliable by some , which refute this claim .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3ae97878483e4866410458fa0407eebd",
"text": "United States presidential election in Virginia, 1836 The 1836 United States presidential election in Virginia took place between November 3 and December 7 , 1836 , as part of the 1836 United States presidential election . Voters chose twenty-three representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Virginia voted for the Democratic candidate , Martin Van Buren , over Whig candidate Hugh White . Van Buren won Virginia by a margin of 13.29 % .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f157a2a04f0fa018b7bad995d76232fb",
"text": "United States presidential election in New Jersey, 1824 The 1824 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place between October 26 and December 2 , 1824 , as part of the 1824 United States presidential election . Voters chose eight representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . During this election , the Democratic-Republican Party was the only major national party , and four different candidates from this party sought the Presidency . New Jersey voted for Andrew Jackson over John Quincy Adams , William H. Crawford , and Henry Clay . Jackson won New Jersey by a margin of 10.19 % .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f023877cd692f5e5078467dd2120eba1",
"text": "United States presidential election, 1812 The United States presidential election of 1812 was the seventh quadrennial presidential election . It was held from Friday , October 30 to Wednesday , December 2 , 1812 , and took place in the shadow of the War of 1812 . It featured an intriguing competition between incumbent Democratic-Republican President James Madison and a dissident Democratic-Republican , DeWitt Clinton , nephew of Madison 's late Vice President , George Clinton . The Federalist opposition threw their support behind Clinton . Nonetheless , Madison was re-elected with 50.4 percent of the popular vote to his opponent 's 47.6 % , making the 1812 election the closest election up to that point for the popular vote . This was the first presidential election to be held during a major war involving the United States .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "88eb9eac283afd5d04e26066874e042a",
"text": "William Smith (South Carolina senator) William Smith ( 1762June 26 , 1840 ) was chosen as a Democratic-Republican to the U.S. Senate representing South Carolina in 1816 . The legislature declined to re-elect him when his term expired in 1823 . He was narrowly chosen senator in 1826 and was again replaced in 1831 . Smith was one of the first Southerners to argue , at the time of the Missouri Compromise in 1820 , that slavery was a positive good ; nevertheless , he opposed John C. Calhoun 's doctrine and tactic of nullification . In 1828 , seven electors from Georgia chose him for vice president , instead of Calhoun , the Democratic nominee . He was also a splinter candidate for vice president in 1836 : Virginia refused to accept Richard Mentor Johnson as the Democratic vice presidential candidate , and voted for the ticket of Martin Van Buren and William Smith , putting Johnson two electoral votes short of a majority ; the Senate chose Johnson . In 1832 , he moved to Louisiana , having lost his political base in South Carolina . In 1836 , he moved on to Huntsville , Alabama , and was elected to the Alabama House of Representatives for Madison County from August 1 , 1836 , holding that seat for the rest of his life . On March 3 , 1837 , outgoing President Andrew Jackson nominated Smith to the Supreme Court . The Senate confirmed Smith 's nomination by a vote of 23 -- 18 ; nevertheless , Smith declined to serve .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e0c6215fafed8619258aeedfc116f8cc",
"text": "United States elections, 1870 The 1870 United States elections occurred in the middle of Republican President Ulysses S. Grant 's first term , during the Third Party System . Members of the 42nd United States Congress were chosen in this election . The election took place during the Reconstruction Era , and many Southerners were barred from voting . It was also the first election after the passage of the 15th Amendment , which prohibits state and federal governments from denying the right to vote on the basis of race , color , or previous condition of servitude ( although disenfranchisement would continue ) . The Republican Party maintained a majority in both houses of Congress , although Democrats picked up several seats in both chambers . In the House , Democrats won major gains , but Republicans retained a solid majority . In the Senate , Democrats won moderate gains , but Republicans retained a commanding majority .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ab653457b10fc687dc1925c8ccad3424",
"text": "Copperhead (politics) In the 1860s , the Copperheads comprised a vocal faction of Democrats in the Northern United States of the Union who opposed the American Civil War , wanting an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates . Republicans started calling anti-war Democrats `` Copperheads '' , likening them to the venomous snake . Those Democrats accepted the label , reinterpreting the copper `` head '' as the likeness of Liberty , which they cut from Liberty Head large cent coins and proudly wore as badges . Democratic supporters of the war , by contrast , were called War Democrats . The Copperheads represented the more extreme wing of the `` Northern Democrats '' . Notable Copperheads included two Democratic congressmen from Ohio : Clement L. Vallandigham and Alexander Long . Republican prosecutors accused some prominent Copperheads of treason in a series of trials in 1864 . Copperheadism , a highly contentious , grass-roots movement , had its strongest base in the area just north of the Ohio River , as well as in some urban ethnic wards . Some historians have argued that it represented a traditionalistic element alarmed at the rapid modernization of society sponsored by the Republican Party , and that it looked back to Jacksonian Democracy for inspiration . Weber ( 2006 ) argues that the Copperheads damaged the Union war effort by opposing conscription ( the `` draft '' ) , encouraging desertion , and forming conspiracies , but other historians say that the draft was already in disrepute and that the Republicans greatly exaggerated the conspiracies for partisan reasons . Historians agree that the Copperheads ' goal of restoring the Union with slavery was naive and impractical , for the Confederates refused to consider giving up their independence . The Copperheads became a major target of the Union ( Republican ) party in the 1864 presidential election . Copperhead support increased when Union armies did poorly , and decreased when they won great victories . After the fall of Atlanta in September 1864 , Union military success seemed assured , and Copperheadism collapsed .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bbedd9f8357d675a22ab58403dad90df",
"text": "United States presidential election in Alabama, 1832 The 1832 United States presidential election in Alabama took place between November 2 and December 5 , 1832 , as part of the 1832 United States presidential election . Voters chose seven representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . Alabama voted for the Democratic candidate , Andrew Jackson , over the National Republican candidate , Henry Clay . Jackson won Alabama by a margin of 99.94 % .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "99716522da864ba047a9cddf81e5d106",
"text": "United States presidential election in New York, 1884 The 1884 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 4 , 1884 . All contemporary 38 states were part of the 1884 United States presidential election . New York voters chose 36 electors to the Electoral College , which selected the President and Vice President . New York was won by the Democratic nominees , Governor Grover Cleveland of New York and his running mate former Senator and Governor Thomas A. Hendricks of Indiana . Cleveland and Hendricks defeated the Republican nominees , former Secretary of State and Senator James G. Blaine of Maine and his running mate Senator John A. Logan of Illinois . Cleveland narrowly carried New York State with a plurality of 48.25 % of the vote to Blaine 's 48.15 % , a victory margin of 0.10 % . In a distant third came the Prohibition Party candidate John St. John with 2.14 % , while Greenback Party candidate Benjamin Butler came in fourth with 1.46 % . New York weighed in for this election as less than 1 % more Republican than the national average . Cleveland 's narrow victory in his home state , with its 36 electoral votes , proved decisive in clinching him the 1884 election and allowing him to win the presidency . He won despite strong opposition to Cleveland from the corrupt Tammany Hall machine , which held significant influence over New York 's politics . Cleveland performed most strongly downstate in the New York City area , where he won New York County , Kings County , Queens County , and received over 60 % of the vote in Richmond County . Cleveland also won nearby Suffolk County , Westchester County , and Rockland County . Blaine won much of upstate New York , including a victory in Erie County , home to the city of Buffalo , although Cleveland did manage to win Albany County , home to the state capital of Albany , along with several rural upstate counties .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b922aec158f81fced29dd62ac3796dd1",
"text": "Swing Around the Circle Swing Around the Circle refers to a disastrous speaking campaign undertaken by U.S. President Andrew Johnson between August 27 and September 15 , 1866 , in which he tried to gain support for his mild Reconstruction policies and for his preferred candidates ( mostly Democrats ) in the forthcoming midterm Congressional elections . The tour received its nickname due to the route that the campaign took : `` Washington , D.C. , to New York , west to Chicago , south to St. Louis , and east through the Ohio River valley back to the nation 's capital '' . Johnson undertook the speaking tour in the face of increasing opposition in the northern states and in Washington to his lenient form of reconstruction in the south , which had led the southern states largely to revert to the social system that had predominated before the Civil War . Although he believed he could regain the trust of moderate northern Republicans by exploiting tensions between them and their Radical counterparts on the tour , Johnson only alienated them more . This caused a supporter of Johnson to say of the tour that it would have been better `` had it never been made . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "37b337b84e6daf36331cc78a26e4d614",
"text": "United States presidential election, 1836 The United States presidential election of 1836 was the 13th quadrennial presidential election , held from Thursday , November 3 , to Wednesday , December 7 , 1836 . As the third consecutive election victory for the Democratic Party , it ushered incumbent Vice President Martin Van Buren into the White House with 170 electoral votes to 124 electoral votes for William Henry Harrison and other Whigs . The popular vote was closer ; Martin Van Buren attracted 764,000 votes to the 738,000 won by the various Whig candidates . The election of 1836 is principally remembered for three distinctive circumstances : The Whig Party ran four candidates in different parts of the country in hopes that each would be popular enough to defeat Democrat Martin Van Buren in their respective region . The strategy failed , but had three of the four received more electoral votes then Van Buren , it would have been left to the House of Representatives to decide between the competing Whig candidates . Richard Mentor Johnson became the first ( and to date only ) Vice President elected by the United States Senate . Although pledged to Van Buren and Johnson ( his running mate ) , Virginia 's 23 electors refused to vote for Johnson , which left him one electoral vote short of the 148-vote majority required to be elected . As such , it was left to the Senate to decide between the top two vote recipient recipients , Johnson and Francis Granger . Johnson was elected on the first ballot 33 to 16 . This was the last election until the 1988 election ( of George H. W. Bush ) in which the incumbent Vice President was elected to succeed the president under whom he served . The election of 1836 also marked an important turning point in American political history because of the part it played in establishing the Second Party System . In the 1830s the political party structure was still changing , rapidly , the Democratic Party was organized , but factional and personal leaders still played a major role in politics . By the end of the campaign of 1836 , the new party system was almost complete , as nearly every faction had been absorbed by either the Democrats or the Whigs .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2c47da6e336e4a564a2ab069b96f4b41",
"text": "Convention of 1832 The Convention of 1832 was the first political gathering of colonists in Mexican Texas . Delegates sought reforms from the Mexican government and hoped to quell the widespread belief that settlers in Texas wished to secede from Mexico . The convention was the first in a series of unsuccessful attempts at political negotiation that eventually led to the Texas Revolution . Under the 1824 Constitution of Mexico , Texas was denied independent statehood and merged into the new state Coahuila y Tejas . After growing suspicious that the United States government would attempt to seize Texas by force , in 1830 Mexican President Anastasio Bustamante enacted the Law of April 6 , 1830 which restricted immigration and called for customs duty enforcement . Tensions erupted in June 1832 , when Texas residents systematically expelled all Mexican troops from eastern Texas . The lack of military oversight emboldened the colonists to increase their political activity . On October 1 , 1832 , 55 political delegates met at San Felipe de Austin to petition for changes in the governance of Texas . Notably absent was any representation from San Antonio de Béxar , where many of the native Mexican settlers ( Tejanos ) lived . The delegates elected Stephen F. Austin , a highly respected empresario , as president of the convention . Delegates passed a series of resolutions requesting , among other things , a repeal of the immigration restrictions , a three-year exclusion from custom duties enforcement , permission to form an armed militia and independent statehood . They also voted themselves the power to call future conventions . Before the petition could be delivered to Mexico City , the political chief of Texas , Ramón Músquiz , ruled that the convention was illegal and annulled the resolutions . In a compromise , the ayuntamiento ( city council ) of San Antonio de Béxar drafted a new petition with similar language to the convention resolutions and submitted it through proper legal channels . Músquiz forwarded the new document to the Mexican Congress .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "47101477ec5158d40fb3038eec97db4b",
"text": "United States elections, 1844 The 1844 United States elections elected the members of the 29th United States Congress , and took place during the Second Party System in the midst of the debate over whether to annex Texas . Texas and Iowa joined the union during the 29th Congress . Democrats retained control of the House and took back control of the Presidency and the Senate , re-establishing the dominant position the party had lost in the 1840 election . In the Presidential election , Democratic former Speaker of the House James K. Polk defeated Whig former Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky . Though Polk won the popular vote by a little over one percent , he won by a comfortable margin in the electoral college . James G. Birney of the nascent Liberty Party took two percent of the popular vote , and may have swung the election by taking votes from Clay in New York . The little-known Polk defeated several rivals to win his party 's nomination , emerging as the first dark horse nominee in U.S. presidential history . Incumbent President John Tyler , who had been expelled from the Whig party early in his presidency , was briefly the candidate of the newly formed Democratic-Republican Party , but dropped out of the race after Polk announced his support for ratification of Tyler 's Texas annexation treaty . In the House , Whigs picked up a small number of seats , but Democrats retained a commanding majority . In the Senate , Democrats picked up several seats , re-taking the majority .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cccd0cc3cebfb2dff67d8acf60108676",
"text": "United States presidential election in New York, 1848 The 1848 United States presidential election in New York took place on November 7 , 1848 , as part of the United States presidential election , 1848 . Voters chose thirty-six representatives , or electors to the Electoral College , who voted for President and Vice President . New York voted for the Whig candidate , Zachary Taylor , over Free Soil candidate Martin van Buren and Democratic candidate Lewis Cass . Taylor won New York by a margin of 21.51 % over Van Buren .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3f7293a3610965278296099d0fe2b077",
"text": "1833 in the United States Events from the year 1833 in the United States .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bba88272d86ff485ce14136403a169b4",
"text": "United States presidential elections in Texas Following is a table of United States presidential elections in Texas , ordered by year . Since its admission to statehood in 1845 , Texas has participated in every U.S. presidential election except the election of 1864 during the American Civil War , when the state had seceded to join the Confederacy , and the election of 1868 , when the state was undergoing Reconstruction . In its first century Texas was a Democratic bastion , only voting for another party once -- in 1928 when anti-Catholic sentiment against Al Smith drove voters to Republican Herbert Hoover . A gradual trend towards increasing social liberalism in the Democratic Party , however , has turned the state ( apart from Hispanic South Texas , the Trans-Pecos and several large cities ) into a Republican stronghold . Since 1980 Texas has voted Republican in every election . Winners of the state are in bold .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5c19b2dab42b3023da11500c38c61b0d",
"text": "Carter Bassett Harrison (1811–1839) Carter Bassett Harrison ( October 26 , 1811 -- August 12 , 1839 ) was an American attorney and son of William Henry Harrison . Born in Vincennes , Indiana , to future President William Henry Harrison and Anna Tuthill Symmes and the grandson of Declaration of Independence signer Benjamin Harrison V , Harrison entered Miami University in 1826 at the age of fifteen . He joined the Union Literary Society whose membership included Caleb Blood Smith , Robert C. Schenck and Cyrus Falconer , who would become a medical doctor and delegate to the Whig convention that nominated William Henry Harrison for the presidency . In the fall of 1828 , Carter left school to travel with his father to Colombia , South America as his private secretary . They were recalled by President Andrew Jackson in September 1829 and arrived home in February 1830 . Carter returned to Miami University to live in the newly constructed Elliott Hall and to teach the Spanish he learned to his fellow students . Upon graduation , he served as a clerk in Robert Schenck 's Dayton , Ohio law office . When he was admitted to the bar , he joined his father in Cincinnati assisting in his business affairs . In 1836 , he married Mary Sutherland of Hamilton , Ohio in a double ceremony with his sister , Anna Tuthill Harrison who married a second cousin , Colonel William Henry Harrison Taylor of Virginia . After the marriage , Carter began his practice of law in Hamilton . He died in August 1839 , before his father 's run for president , leaving his wife and an infant daughter .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "41110c55c3ff761f51a9bb721bcbdf1f",
"text": "Presidency of William McKinley The presidency of William McKinley began on March 4 , 1897 at noon Eastern Standard Time , when William McKinley was inaugurated as President of the United States , and ended on September 14 , 1901 , upon his assassination and death , days into his second term . McKinley , a Republican , was succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt . The 25th United States president , he took office following the 1896 presidential election , in which he defeated Democrat William Jennings Bryan , after a front-porch campaign in which he advocated `` sound money '' , promised that high tariffs would restore prosperity , and denounced Bryan 's radicalism and class warfare . He defeated Bryan again in the 1900 presidential election , in a campaign focused on imperialism , protectionism , and free silver . McKinley 's presidency marked the beginning of an era in American political history from the mid -- 1890s to 1932 that was generally dominated by the Republican Party . McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish -- American War , took ownership of Hawaii , the Philippines and Puerto Rico , restored prosperity , promoted pluralism among all groups , raised protective tariffs to promote American industry , and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals . Rapid economic growth marked his presidency . He promoted the 1897 Dingley Tariff to protect manufacturers and factory workers from foreign competition , and in 1900 , he secured the passage of the Gold Standard Act . McKinley hoped to persuade Spain to grant independence to rebellious Cuba without conflict , but when negotiation failed , he led the nation in the Spanish -- American War of 1898 ; the U.S. victory was quick and decisive . As part of the peace settlement , Spain turned over to the United States its main overseas colonies of Puerto Rico , Guam , and the Philippines ; Cuba was promised independence , but for a time remained under the control of the U.S. Army . The United States annexed the independent Republic of Hawaii in 1898 and it became a U.S. territory . As an innovator of American interventionism and pro-business sentiment , McKinley 's presidency is generally ranked above average . Historian Lewis L. Gould argues that McKinley was effective in domestic and foreign affairs and was `` the first modern president '' :",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "68cf6d259bec0756633e34e10c68a3d3",
"text": "Opposition to the War of 1812 in the United States Opposition to the War of 1812 was widespread in the United States , especially in New England . Many New Englanders opposed the conflict on political , economic , and religious grounds . When embargo failed to remedy the situation and Great Britain refused to rescind the Orders in Council ( 1807 ) and France continued its decrees , certain Democratic-Republicans known as war hawks felt compelled to go to war . Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun pushed a declaration of war through Congress , stressing a short war had the added benefit of permitting the United States to grab valuable farmlands in the British colony of Canada . Vehement protests erupted in those parts of the country where the opposition Federalist political party held sway , especially in Connecticut and Massachusetts . The governors of these two states as well as Rhode Island refused to place their state militias under federal control for duty outside of their respective states . In the elections that followed in a few months , some members of Congress who voted for war , paid the price . Eight New England congressmen were rejected by the voters , and several others saw the writing on the wall and declined to seek reelection . There was a complete turnover of the New Hampshire delegation .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b5f1839d48914bd061174cf09e75379f",
"text": "1840 Democratic National Convention The 1840 Democratic National Convention was held in Baltimore . The Democrats nominated President Martin Van Buren for reelection in 1840 in spite of his unpopularity following the Panic of 1837 . Vice President Richard M. Johnson was not retained on the ticket , as he was largely seen as a liability in the 1836 election and had focused much of his time as vice president on his own economic affairs . Former President Andrew Jackson backed James K. Polk for the position of vice president , but Van Buren supported his vice president 's renomination . The convention ultimately decided not to nominate a running mate for Van Buren . As a result , Van Buren became the only major party presidential nominee since the passage of the 12th Amendment to seek election without a running mate . Polk and Johnson both received electoral votes for vice president in the general election , but the Whig ticket won the election . Delegates from 21 of 26 states were in attendance . States not in attendance were Connecticut , Delaware , Illinois , South Carolina and Virginia .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
c14a49f8127a9330718078370d2c4173 | Chris Pérez is the lead guitarist in the Tejano band Selena y Los Dinos. | [
{
"docid": "989988491ec74f1794fdfffd8c097c54",
"text": "Chris Pérez Christopher Gilbert `` Chris '' Pérez ( born August 14 , 1969 ) is an American guitarist , songwriter and author best known as lead guitarist for the Tejano band Selena y Los Dinos . He married the frontwoman of the group , Selena , on April 2 , 1992 . Pérez grew up in San Antonio , Texas as one of two children of Gilbert Pérez and Carmen Medina . In 1986 , he joined Shelly Lares ' band . By the late 1980s , Pérez was reputed among Tejano musicians for his guitar skills . This caught A.B. Quintanilla 's attention ; at the time , Quintanilla was seeking another guitarist for the band he produced , Selena y Los Dinos . Between one and two years after Pérez joined the band , he and Selena began a personal relationship . Selena 's father , Abraham Quintanilla , Jr. , forced them to end their relationship because he felt Pérez ' image might damage Selena 's career . They ignored his threats to disband the group , and continued their relationship . Quintanilla Jr. fired Pérez from the band , forbidding Selena to go with him . They later eloped , and Selena 's father accepted the relationship and he grew to love and accept Chris as his son-in-law . Pérez was asked to collaborate on several of Selena 's songs with A.B. and other members of the band , using his guitar to piece out melodies and incorporating a number of musical genres into their songs . During the early 1990s , Pérez was arrested for driving under the influence in San Antonio , but was released without charge . Within months of his first arrest , Pérez was involved in a trashed-hotel-room incident ; he and two members of Selena y Los Dinos were intoxicated and began wrestling in a room , breaking the door and punching holes in the walls . On March 31 , 1995 Selena was killed by her former friend and former manager of her boutiques , Yolanda Saldívar . Selena 's murder greatly devastated Pérez , who began abusing drugs and alcohol . Chris has since remained in touch with the Quintanillas following Selena 's death . In 1998 he met Venessa Villanueva through his friend John Garza , and began dating her . That year , Pérez formed the Chris Pérez Band and began writing songs for their debut album . They signed with Hollywood Records and released their first album , Resurrection , which won a Grammy Award for Best Latin Rock or Alternative Album . The band disbanded after their second album , Una Noche Mas ( 2002 ) , was released . Pérez and Villanueva had two children , Cassie and Noah , before divorcing in 2008 . Pérez continued in the music business and often played with his brother-in-law A.B. 's groups , the Kumbia Kings and the Kumbia All Starz . He left both groups and formed another band ( the Chris Pérez Project , which included Puerto Rican singer Angel Ferrer ) in 2010 . In 2012 Pérez wrote a book about his and Selena 's relationship and marriage life entitled To Selena , with Love which received a positive reception from critics and fans .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "9fff2cfe403a27ec393012decc92f8d5",
"text": "The Heart Wants What It Wants `` The Heart Wants What It Wants '' is a song by American singer Selena Gomez from her 2014 compilation album For You . It was released on November 6 , 2014 , through Hollywood Records . The song was written by Gomez , Antonina Armato and Tim James . Additional songwriting was provided by David Jost . Armato and James , who collectively form the production duo Rock Mafia , also produced the song . A mid-tempo pop and R&B track with a minimal electropop beat , its accompanying music video was premiered on November 6 , 2014 , alongside the premiere of the song itself . It is Gomez 's last release under the label . Music critics mostly commended the song 's lyrical content , production , vocals , and Gomez 's new direction . The song reached number six on the Billboard Hot 100 . It also reached number six in Canada , and peaked in the top 40 in sixteen countries , including Australia , Belgium , New Zealand , and the United Kingdom .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e1da0997fd0c3c9cc0eed6fc300806cb",
"text": "Danny Flores Danny Flores ( born Daniel Flores ; July 11 , 1929 -- September 19 , 2006 ) , also known by his stage name Chuck Rio , was an American rock and roll saxophonist . He is best remembered for his self-penned song Tequila , which Flores recorded with the Champs , and reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 . Flores was born in Santa Paula , California and grew up in Long Beach . He was interested in the guitar from an early age , first performing at church and family gatherings . At 14 , however , Flores switched to the saxophone , forming his first band , the 3-D Ranch Boys . Emulating the rasping sounds of tenor saxophonist Vido Musso , Flores played a variety of music genres -- jazz , country , pop , and blues -- to cater to his hard-going blue-collar clientele . Much to Flores 's amusement , he has remarked , during this early stage of his career , he was commonly called the `` Mexican Hillbilly '' . In the early 1950s , Flores recorded vocals for small Pasadena-based record labels , before signing to Modern Records , and releasing his earliest rock and roll material . In 1957 , Flores met aspiring songwriter and guitarist Dave Burgess . After briefly performing as Danny and Dave , the duo recruited former members of Flores 's group , drummer Gene Alden and guitarist Buddy Bruce , along with bassist Cliff Hills and Vocalist Huelyn Duvall , who were session musicians , to form the Champs . On December 23 , 1957 , the group recorded three songs for Challenge Records , including Flores 's instrumental Tequila . The song is highlighted by Flores 's `` dirty sax '' arrangements and hollering of `` Tequila '' . However , because of this one spoken phrase by Flores , he was credited as Chuck Rio to avoid conflicts with his other record label , where he was signed as a vocalist . `` Tequila '' was released as the B-side to the Champs ' debut single , but after listeners requested the song over its A-side `` Train to Nowhere '' , `` Tequila '' propelled to number one on the Billboard Hot 100 in January 1958 . Conflicts between Flores and Burgess over leadership and the band 's musical direction led to Flores 's departure . He signed away his rights to Tequila , and ultimately did not receive any royalties from the tune , despite its success . In the intervening years , he formed another group called the Original Champs and recorded for Saturn Records in 1963 . Flores continued to perform across California for the rest of his life . It was not until the early 2000s that he finally received royalties -- albeit only for sales in Europe -- for Tequila . Flores died on September 19 , 2006 as a consequence of complications of pneumonia .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "982d3f2afcc5590585b5fbe12c335fee",
"text": "Jay Chris Jhon Christian Contreras known as `` Jay Chris '' , ( born August 3 , 1982 in Florencia , Colombia ) is a Colombian singer and producer of the Paraguayan band Salamandra .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7e132fd84164e7d849baa5c52b9e3602",
"text": "Olé (Azúcar Moreno album) Olé is the ninth studio album by Spanish duo Azúcar Moreno , released on Sony International in 1998 . After the commercial success of the 1996 album Esclava De Tu Piel which had produced five hit singles followed by `` Muévete Salvaje '' from the 1997 hits compilation Mucho Azúcar - Grandes Éxitos , Azúcar Moreno teamed up with producer Ricardo `` Eddy '' Martinez in Miami again for the recording of 1998 album Olé . The album included further original material from Spanish singer Miguel Gallardo and Luis Cabañas , the team that had composed most of the singles on the preceding Esclava De Tu Piel , collaborations between Gallardo and David Ferrero and Pedro del Moral , songs by producer Richardo `` Eddy '' Martinez and it also saw one of the Salazar sisters , Encarna , making her debut as composer on the track `` Dime Que Me Quieres '' . Production-wise Olé followed the winning combination of up-to-date club beats fused with flamenco and rock and contrasting R&B influenced ballads and rumbas , arrangement-wise the album differed slightly to its predecessor as it featured live strings on several titles . The album also closes with the acoustic `` No Pretenderás '' , with instrumentation of just flamenco guitars and palmas - and a guest appearance by the duo 's brothers Los Chunguitos . The lead single was the title track `` Olé '' , just like `` Sólo Se Vive Una Vez '' musically influenced by contemporary dance genres like reggaeton and dancehall but , as the title suggests , lyrically a tribute to the duo 's native Spain . `` Olé '' was also released as two separate remix singles , the second entitled Olé - The Summer '99 Remixes featuring the track remixed and with additional production by renowned Latin remixer , DJ , music producer and arranger Pablo Flores , best known for being Gloria Estefan 's personal remixer but also for having co-produced major hits for among others Madonna , Chayanne , Shakira and Ricky Martin . Flores ' Club Mix of `` Olé '' was substantially rearranged from the original , not just by speeding up the tempo for the dancefloor but by adding new orchestration of brass , flamenco guitars and castanets to emphasize the song 's lyrics and the track proved to be another big hit single for Azúcar Moreno in both Spain and Latin America . The second single released and second big hit was '' ¡ Mecachis ! '' ( `` Mechachis en la mar '' a mildly profane expression , roughly translated as `` Damnit ! '' ) , a midtempo dance track again written by Miguel Gallardo and Luis Cabañas and also issued with a series of dance remixes on the ¡ Mechachis ! - The Alabim-Bom-Ba-Remixes release , mixed by co-producers Pedro del Moral and David Ferrero . Further hit singles from the album include `` Cumbaya '' , the double A-side `` Ese Beso '' / `` No Pretenderás '' and `` Agua Que No Has De Beber '' . While Olé did n't manage to match the extraordinary sales figures of the preceding Esclava De Tu Piel - half a million in Spain alone - it did sell some two-hundred thousand copies and was later awarded double platinum in Spain .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dc3f4cfb64f5627a1d102932577c67ba",
"text": "Chris Barz Chris Barz ( stylized as `` x | | z '' , pronounced X Z ) is an American musician . Chris began his love for music on a piano at the age of 3 . At the age of 11 he developed a passion for rapping , and freestyle cyphers which created a love for bars , rhyming and clever wordplay . Chris started recording songs on a boombox tape recorder . At the age of 12 he was introduced to an MPC2000 XL and started producing beats and writing songs in middle school . Chris played in many popular young go-go bands growing up in Prince George 's County , Maryland and the District of Columbia , including his own Go-Go band called `` Total Assault '' . One day , while headed to shoot a video , Chris was riding passenger of a vehicle that was struck by a truck and totaled . Surviving with minor injuries , only to be involved in a similar accident with a truck totaling the vehicle while riding to band practice in Washington D.C. a second time . Feeling like he had a third shot at life , Chris began to live a life dedicated to leaving a legacy through music . His first hip-hop/rap mixtape landed him as Complex magazine 's 10 New DMV Rappers to Watch Out For , XXL Magazine 's 15 DMV Artists You Need To Know , and The Washington Post . . His love for piano and composition has led him to score songs for movies and stage plays . The stage play `` 7 Layers Captive '' by Stacy Jewell Lewis won Best Play & Performance in Professional Theater and premiered at the John F Kennedy Center for Performing Arts . On Friday , November 27 , his collaboration with Chris Brown , the airy and sensual `` Just So You Know '' was released which was produced and written by the young virtuoso . Chris is planning to release his self-produced debut project `` Angels & Jets '' in 2016 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "93ae6fbe4dc22b8f84108bf54cf750d6",
"text": "Jesse & Joy Jesse & Joy is a Mexican pop duo formed in 2005 by brother and sister ; Jesse ( born December 31 , 1982 , as Jesse Eduardo Huerta Uecke ) and Joy ( born June 20 , 1986 , as Tirzah Joy Huerta Uecke ) , from Mexico City . Introduced in 2005 by Argentine-Mexican duo Sin Bandera at the 2005 Mexican Teletón , Jesse & Joy released their debut album Esta Es Mi Vida in 2006 , through Warner Music Mexico . Their debut single , `` Espacio Sideral '' , was certified Gold by the Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas ( AMPROFON ) . The album reached the top twenty on the Mexican Album Chart , was certified Platinum by the AMPROFON , and helped the duo to win the Latin Grammy Award for Best New Artist the next year . In 2008 , Jesse & Joy released the Extended Play Esto Es Lo Que Soy , and next year their second studio album Electricidad . The album , which reached its peak position at number twenty-one on the Mexican Album Chart , was certified Gold by the AMPROFON . Electricidad included songs like `` Adiós '' , that peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot Latin Songs chart , and `` Chocolate '' . In 2011 , ¿ Con Quién Se Queda El Perro ? was launched as their third studio album . The album was certified 2 × Platinum by the AMPROFON , and includes songs like `` Me Voy '' , '' ¡ Corre ! '' and `` La de la Mala Suerte '' . At the 2012 Latin Grammy Awards , Jesse & Joy were nominated to four Grammy Awards , winning three of them : Best Contemporary Pop Album for ¿ Con Quién Se Queda El Perro ? , and Song and Record of the Year for '' ¡ Corre ! '' . Additionally , Carlos López Estrada received the Latin Grammy Award for Best Short Form Music Video for `` Me Voy '' . On December 5 , 2012 , ¿ Con Quién Se Queda El Perro ? received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Latin Pop Album .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cefabfbcfb30df17aeedd964b9fcecbe",
"text": "Los Freddy's Los Freddy 's ( or Los Freddys ) were a Mexican musical group , founded in 1962 in Guadalajara , Jalisco . The group was one of the most popular Mexican ensembles of the 1960s and 1970s . Early in their careers , the group earned popularity by playing cover songs of popular English-language songs ( such as Sam the Sham & the Pharaohs ' `` Wooly Bully '' and The Beatles ' `` Penny Lane '' ) that were translated into Spanish , as well as producing original romantic ballads . The band established themselves throughout Latin America as one of the top bands with a string of successful slow ballads and grupera songs . They were nominated for a Grammy Award in 1989 . In 1994 , lead singer Arturo Cisneros left the band to pursue a solo career and now performs under his own name . The remaining band members continue together with a new lead singer . A compilation album of the group 's 30 greatest hits released in 2003 produced a resurgence of the group 's popularity , earning the album a spot on the Billboard charts in the United States .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "29cdd9cfa95b2514eb60feb5eca9cbc9",
"text": "Sinfonía Soledad Sinfonía Soledad ( Spanish for Solitude Symphony ) is the fifth album by Mexican rock band Panda , and the first to be recorded live . The album is based on a compilation of the best known songs of the band recorded on 25 and 26 November 2006 at the National Auditorium in Mexico City ; tracks `` Nunca Nadie Nos Podrá Parar ( Gracias ) '' ( which is a token of appreciation to their audience ) and `` No Te Deseo el Mal ... Pero Tampoco Te Deseo el Bien '' ( which was included on the soundtrack of the Mexican film Un Mundo Maravilloso ) are included as well . The first track `` Intro '' features Marcelo Treviño on keyboards . A small orchestra accompanies the quartet , dubbed by the band in plain concert Sinfonía Soledad . Besides the CD , the album includes a DVD with the live performance of songs .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "23eda5da586f932392c2785c58780188",
"text": "Mexican pop music Mexican pop is a music genre produced in Mexico , particularly intended for teenagers and young adults . Mexico is the country that exports the most entertainment in Spanish language . Mexican pop was limited to Latin America until the mid-1990s , when an interest towards this type of music increased after Luis Miguel 's , Lynda Thomas ' , Selena 's , Thalía 's , Gloria Trevi 's and Paulina Rubio 's debuts before the mainstream USA audience . During the 1960s and 1970s most of the pop music produced in Mexico consisted on Spanish-language versions of English-language rock-and-roll hits . Singers and musical groups like Angélica María , Johnny Laboriel , Alberto Vázquez , Enrique Guzmán or Los Teen Tops performed cover versions of songs by Elvis Presley , Paul Anka , Nancy Sinatra and others .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "29f3fc7c8920970209411afa586d7cf9",
"text": "Sasha, Benny y Erik Sasha , Benny y Erik are a pop band from Mexico . The group was formed by 3 former members of the Mexican pop group Timbiriche , consisting of Sasha Sokol , Benny Ibarra and Erik Rubin who are close friends in real life . With much anticipation by their fans , Sasha , Benny and Erik released the live album Primera Fila : Sasha Benny Erik . The project has enjoyed much success with a national tour that started in late 2012 and has continued through much of 2014 . The album has been certified triple platinum + gold in Mexico for sales exceeding 210,000 copies . Originally , the band performed 2 concerts at the National Auditorium in Mexico City in April 2013 , but due to demand , they did two more concerts at the venue in September of that same year . In 2013 , they released En Vivo desde el Auditorio Nacional , which went gold a few days after its release . At the end of 2013 , the album Primera Fila : Sasha Benny Erik was officially recognized by AMPROFON as the second best-selling album in Mexico that year ( after the album `` Confidencias '' by Alejandro Fernandez ) . In late 2014 , Sasha , Benny y Erik will release their first studio album `` Vuelta al Sol '' and release `` Esta Noche '' as their first single . Next singles were `` Todo tiene su lugar '' , `` Japi '' and `` Punto de partida '' . In 2015 , they performed at National Auditorium twice ( two concerts in May and other two in November ) . In early 2016 , they will release a new live album with new songs and hits , performed with several guests . First single `` Lo Siento '' featuring Pepe Aguilar , was released on February 19 in iTunes . In May , `` Entre Amigos '' was released and the band announced the end of the project in December . The album was certified as Gold some weeks later and they startred a farewell tour , which final performance will be on December 31 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "973d6e6bbcc386ed52b5cbb443d161e6",
"text": "Botellita de Jerez Botellita de Jerez was a Mexican rock band , formed in Mexico City in 1982 . Their music is a fusion of rock , cumbia , and Mexican traditional music like mariachi and son , creating the genre called guacarrock ( rock and guacamole ) . The band was always distinguished by a festive and irreverent musical fusion , celebrating the culture of the nacos and integrating sketches and albures in its lyrics and concerts . Its style , standard rock , was combined with satirical lyrics that portrayed urban life and popular culture in Mexico City . In their song `` Guaca Rock de la Malinche '' , they coined the phrase Todo lo naco es chido ( Everything tacky is cool ) , trying to re-vindicate the popular culture of the lower socio-economic classes . Botellita de Jerez pioneered a lot of trends from contemporary art in Mexico and the United States , since it incorporated motifs from popular use , such as lucha libre , popular dances and slang , which are now commonly used among the upper classes as well . The name of the band comes from a Mexican saying used as rebuttal in an argument : `` Botellita de jerez , todo lo que me digas , será al revés '' , which literally means : `` Bottle of sherry , all you say to me will be otherwise '' However , the equivalent English idiom is : `` I 'm rubber , you 're glue , whatever you say bounces off me and sticks to you . '' One of their most notable songs is `` Niña de mis ojos '' included in the LP of the same name , which has been released on the albums `` El Ultimo Guacarrock '' and `` Superespecial Un Plug '' . The signature songs of Botellita de Jerez are `` Guacarrock '' , `` El Guaca Rock de la Malinche '' , `` Alarmala de Tos '' , `` Oh Denny 's '' and `` Abuelita de Batman '' ( The Granny of Batman ) which became the first cumbia-rock of the rock band , the song is notable for its parody-music video filmed in Colonia Santa María la Ribera in Mexico City .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e331fdd21df57265cb2a2891e5c73880",
"text": "The Legends (Tejano band) The Legends are a Tejano `` supergroup '' of senior Tejano musicians . Members are Carlos Guzmán , Freddie Martínez , Sr. , Sunny Ozuna , and Augustín Ramírez . The group 's first album ¿ Qué Es Música Tejana ? ( 2000 ) won a Latin Grammy Award as Best Tejano Album in 2001 , and the group were nominated again at Latin Grammy Awards of 2007 for Otra Vez Raices ( 2006 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2b0c890f6a4f2e70cb8a84344c947c43",
"text": "Chris Robinson (singer) Christopher Mark `` Chris '' Robinson ( born December 20 , 1966 ) is an American musician . He was the singer of the rock and roll band The Black Crowes and brother of its guitarist Rich Robinson .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bed484404ebdcb0015c7152494229b8a",
"text": "Luis Silva (songwriter) Luis Silva ( November 5 , 1943 -- October 22 , 2008 ) was a songwriter in the Tejano music market . Silva is considered by music critics to have been one of the `` most well-known and prolific songwriters in the history of Tejano music '' and `` one of the most influential and prolific songwriters and record label promoters in Tejano music history '' . Silva wrote two winning Tejano Music Awards for Song of the Year , won three consecutive times for Songwriter of the Year , and remains the most awarded songwriter for the Tejano Music Award for Single of the Year category . He is part of the American Society of Composers , Authors and Publishers ( ASCAP ) , and his songwriting career spanned three decades and included a roster from Ram Herrera , Mazz , La Mafia , David Marez , among others . Recordings written by Silva include `` Boulevard de Suenos '' ( Fama ) , `` Te Voy a ensenar a Querer '' ( Gary Hobbs ) , `` Entre mas Lejos me Vaya , '' ( David Marez ) , `` Borracho de Besos , '' ( La Fiebre ) ; `` Laura Ya No Vive Aquí , '' `` Ahora Quiero que me Quieras '' , `` Ayer y Hoy '' , and `` No quiero Olvidarte Otra Vez '' ( Mazz ) . In 1985 , Silva wrote `` Somos Hermanos '' for the Hunger Aid campaign . Silva also helped kickstart the careers of La Mafia and Mazz . He is considered to have also begin the Tejano renaissance era in the 1990s , during which the genre entered the mainstream market . In 2007 , Silva was inducted into the Premis a La Musica Latina Hall of Fame . Silva died of a heart attack after having dinner with his daughter on October 22 , 2008 in Dallas , Texas . According to his daughter , Silva had visited her to see her new house and that after going out for dinner Silva 's condition began to deteriorate . Silva laughed it off and continued to tour his daughter 's house , when Silva entered one of the bedrooms , he sat down and his daughter noticed his eyes rolled up , she tried to hold him but could n't because of his weight , she subsequently called the emergency responders ; but said he immediately died after the responders arrived .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "29cecfd07ad2fa339e9bcc5a12638451",
"text": "Los Straitjackets Los Straitjackets is an American instrumental rock band that formed in Nashville , Tennessee in 1988 . Originally comprising guitarists Danny Amis ( formerly of the Raybeats ) , Eddie Angel and drummer L. J. `` Jimmy '' Lester under the name The Straitjackets , the band split up soon after forming , but reunited as Los Straitjackets in 1994 with the addition of bassist E. Scott Esbeck . Esbeck left the band in 1998 and was replaced by Pete Curry . The current lineup also features Greg Townson on guitar and Chris Sprague on drums . The band has released thirteen studio albums , four collaboration albums and three live albums .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4d35a47e4ee366c7db3afb138ac9bbcc",
"text": "Jay Perez Jay Perez is an American Tejano musician , who is known for his mixing of rhythm and blues with traditional Tejano music . Initially a drummer , he became a leading vocalist for Latin Breed and David Lee Garza y los Musicales . Perez began a solo career in the early 1990s and has released several solo albums . He has also won several Tejano Music Awards . To his fan base , he is known as `` The Voice '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dba910199abf6c02d97e429550ce91e8",
"text": "Ricky Vela Ricardo `` Ricky '' Vela is an American award-winning songwriter and keyboardist for the band Selena y Los Dinos .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7ae6278665a688ec1cadbc61aa92da12",
"text": "Lucía Pérez Lucía Pérez Vizcaíno ( -LSB- luθi.a peɾeθ -RSB- ; born 5 July 1985 in O Incio , Lugo , Galicia ) is a Spanish singer who represented her country in the Eurovision Song Contest 2011 in Germany with the song `` Que me quiten lo bailao '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ae757e153cff5ba1532b674171dfa604",
"text": "Leiva (singer) José Miguel Conejo Torres better known by his artistic name Leiva ( born in Madrid , April 28 , 1980 ) , is a Spanish singer , musician and songwriter . Between 2001 and 2010 he led with Ruben Pozo the Spanish rock band Pereza , with which he recorded 6 albums . After the dissolution of the band , he started a solo career with 3 charting solo albums : Diciembre in 2012 , Pólvora in 2014 and Monstruos in 2016 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d11c17981bd233f416aeb18a14e980c3",
"text": "Son del Montón Son de Montón is a Mexican band founded in 2004 in Guanajuato , which fuses Mexican traditional music , especially son music and other musical styles with a purpose of bringing traditional music to younger audiences . The members are Ignacio Piñón Pérez , who plays violin , a guitar called a jarana ( huasteca and jarocha versions ) and quijada , Anatolij Tkatschinski Pérez who plays jarana and quijada , Eduardo Vallejo Torres who plays percussion , Antonio López Cardons who plays jarana and harmonica , Fernanda Aldonza López Cardona , Primo Lara Stephens , Luis Jesús Cibrian García , José Abraham Morales Salazar and sound technician Jacob Sinuee Segoviano Alonzo . Its members come from Veracruz , Sinaloa , Chihuahua and Guanajuato , but the band is based in Guanajuato . Son del Montón blends Mexican folk music with elements of European and modern music . Mexican folk music is mostly represented by son ( jarocho and huasteco ) and calentano ( from Guerrero ) from various parts of Mexico , mostly focusing on the regions of the Sierra Gorda , La Huasteca , the mountainous regions of the Los Tuxtlas in Veracruz as well as areas in Tabasco . European and other foreign influences include jazz , blues , Italian ballad , Cuban son , Flamenco and African rhythms . The son itself is a mix of musical styles including indigenous , African and Spanish . It is the most widely played type of traditional music in Mexico , mostly in rural areas . Much of the fusion of European and African elements come from the Huapango music tradition of Mexico , with much of this musical style preserved by the group as well . Songs representative of this include El Cascabel , La Iguana and El Toro Zacamandú . Son de Montón blending of musical traditions follows that of a band named Afrotumbao , which fused African rhythms with Mexican son music . The band has played regularly in Mexico City , León and San Miguel de Allende . They have also participated in music festivals , especially those dedicated to son musical traditions . They have also participated in the 2005 and 2011 editions of the Festival Internacional Cervantino . In the first one , they were accompanied by the ballet folklorico group of the University of Guanajuato . They also appeared at the Festival Viva la Banda in 2011 in Guanajuato .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
5fa6a8b06a1ad052d395e0dc7d1a64d7 | Beautiful People finished airing in 2014. | [
{
"docid": "f6fb213728472c1f0ea59b21959d4993",
"text": "Beautiful People (UK TV series) Beautiful People was a British comedy drama television series based on the memoirs of Barneys creative director Simon Doonan . The series takes place in Reading , Berkshire , in 1997 , where thirteen-year-old Simon Doonan and his best friend Kylie dream of escaping their dreary suburban surroundings and moving to cosmopolitan London `` to live amongst the beautiful people '' . The first episode aired on BBC Two on 2 October 2008 and recorded overnight ratings of 1.5 million viewers and positive critical reaction . Episodes are self-contained , but do follow a loose story arc throughout the course of each series . The second and final series finished airing on 18 December 2009 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "0333be6a4cca2b80c176a1238be0956b",
"text": "Beautiful Doom `` Beautiful Doom '' is the fifth episode of the ninth season of the American television medical drama Grey 's Anatomy , and the show 's 177th episode overall . Written by Jeannine Renshaw and directed by Stephen Cragg , the episode was originally broadcast on the American Broadcasting Company ( ABC ) in the United States on November 8 , 2012 . The initial airing was viewed by 9.26 million people and garnered a 3.3 / 8 Nielsen rating in the 18 -- 49 demographic , registering the show as the week 's highest rated television drama . Grey 's Anatomy centers around a group of physicians struggling to balance their professional lives with their personal lives . In the episode Meredith Grey ( Ellen Pompeo ) relives the memories of her half-sister Lexie Grey ( Chyler Leigh ) who died in the season eight finale plane crash when a patient with similar crush injuries comes into the hospital . The episode also focuses on Cristina Yang ( Sandra Oh ) who deals with the death of her Minnesota mentor Dr. Craig Thomas ( William Daniels ) in the middle of surgery . Meredith in spite of opposition from Richard Webber ( James Pickens Jr. ) tries to treat the crash victim while dealing with her personal feelings relating Lexie . She also juggles her daughter Zola at the hospital with the absence of her husband , Derek Shepherd ( Patrick Dempsey ) , with Owen Hunt ( Kevin McKidd ) , Callie Torres ( Sara Ramirez ) and Miranda Bailey ( Chandra Wilson ) helping her .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6eb6548b4b51f776e4702cf79e2a062e",
"text": "Parenthood (season 5) The fifth season of the American television series Parenthood premiered on September 26 , 2013 and concluded on April 17 , 2014 . It consisted of 22 episodes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4140e705522adbb6520bc4d344626205",
"text": "Degrassi (season 14) The fourteenth and final season of Degrassi , a Canadian serial teen drama television series , premiered on October 28 , 2014 . Although only four school years have passed in the story timeline since season six , season fourteen is set during the final weeks of the spring semester in the years it aired . Writers have been able to use a semi-floating timeline , so that the issues depicted are modern for their viewers . This season again depicts the lives of a group of high school freshmen , sophomores , juniors , seniors and graduates as they deal with some of the challenges and issues that teenagers face such as teenage pregnancy , dysfunctional families , sexism , arson , sexting , sexual identity , miscarriages , anxiety disorders , drug use , child abuse , abstinence , and gang violence . The fourteenth season was announced on November 13 , 2013 . However , MTV Canada and TeenNick did not announce picking up the season until a month before the first episode was scheduled to air . Filming for the season commenced on April 11 , 2014 at Epitome Studios in Toronto . Filming continued into August , with a break before filming the final four episodes of the season in order to give Epitome the opportunity to start filming episodes for the first season of their new series . Filming for this season completed on October 6 , 2014 . On June 4 , 2015 , it was announced that Degrassi would no longer air on TeenNick or MTV Canada following the fourteenth season . However , on June 9 , 2015 , it was announced that Family Channel and Netflix had picked up the series and will air 20 new episodes in 2016 , renaming the show Degrassi : Next Class . This season featured the telenovela/soap opera format used in previous seasons , airing new episodes five days a week for the last two weeks of the season .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e6bdbd7d42d37c199b30c82e333b54f2",
"text": "A Very Grammy Christmas Special A Very Grammy Christmas Special was a Christmas-themed television special that aired on CBS on December 5 , 2014 . Guests included Ariana Grande , Maroon 5 , Tim McGraw and Pharrell Williams . It received 4.73 million viewers and a 0.8 / 3 rating/share .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cd5af43ad941940ab4010dc233751915",
"text": "Got to Believe (season 2) Got to Believe started its second season storyline half-way of its 108th episode that was aired in the Philippines on January 22 , 2014 with the title , `` The New Chapter '' . Same with season 1 , each episode titles that appear at the intertitle were being used as official hashtags for the micro-blogging site Twitter . Season 2 had some of its scenes filmed in Singapore and this was also weaved into the narrative of the series . Chichay , Joaquin , Alex and Juliana were seen around the country 's famous places such as Merlion Park , The Helix Bridge , Marina Barrage , Gardens by the Bay , Haji Lane and Singapore Botanic Gardens . Being the final season , the television series concluded on March 7 , 2014 with the title `` Best Ending Ever '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b7818643d39fd7c6fe4c46cd29b92ff1",
"text": "Beautiful (Enrique Iglesias song) `` Beautiful '' is a song by Spanish singer Enrique Iglesias from his tenth studio album , Sex and Love . It features Australian recording artist Kylie Minogue and was also on her Kiss Me Once album . `` Beautiful '' was written by Iglesias , Mark Taylor , Alex Smith , and Samuel Preston , and it was produced by Taylor and Smith . The song was released as promotional single in Australia and New Zealand on 14 March 2014 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "06bee763ab88bf322c23edce2ef326cd",
"text": "Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards 2014 The 20th Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards honoring the best in film for 2014 were announced on December 15 , 2014 . These awards `` recognizing extraordinary accomplishment in film '' are presented annually by the Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association ( DFWFCA ) , based in the Dallas -- Fort Worth metroplex region of Texas . The organization , founded in 1990 , includes 30 film critics for print , radio , television , and internet publications based in north Texas . The Dallas -- Fort Worth Film Critics Association began presenting its annual awards list in 1993 . Birdman was the DFWFCA 's most awarded film of 2014 , taking five top honors . Birdman won in Best Picture , Best Actor ( Michael Keaton ) , Best Director ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu ) , Best Cinematography ( Emmanuel Lubezki ) , and Best Screenplay ( Alejandro G. Iñárritu , Nicolás Giacobone , Alexander Dinelaris Jr. , and Armando Bo ) . Another film , Boyhood , earned multiple 2014 honors from the DFWFCA . The coming-of-age tale received top honors in the Best Supporting Actress ( Patricia Arquette ) as well as being presented the Russell Smith Award as the `` best low-budget or cutting-edge independent film '' of the year . The award is named in honor of late Dallas Morning News film critic Russell Smith . Reese Witherspoon was named Best Actress for her role as Cheryl Strayed in Wild . The other films earning honors were Sweden 's Force Majeure for Best Foreign Language Film , Citizenfour as Best Documentary Film , and The Lego Movie for Best Animated Film .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "855e9299e94c50dfc278728ad9688ee4",
"text": "Being Eileen Being Eileen is a BBC `` heart-warming '' comedy-drama which began as a new six-part series on 4 February , and ended on 11 March 2013 . Originally titled Lapland , it was first broadcast in the United Kingdom on BBC One on 24 December 2011 , the channel the series airs on . Although initially a single 75-minute episode which was set in Lapland , Finland , it was announced as a series renamed Being Eileen , consisting of six 30 minute episodes , due to the success of the single episode , which was viewed by 6.9 million viewers upon its original airing . The series also aired on BBC Two as part of Sign Zone , which features sign language throughout . The series was released on DVD on 1 April 2013 . The series , written by Michael Wynne , features an ensemble cast . Headed by Sue Johnston , who plays Eileen Lewis , the programme focusses on her , the widowed matriarch of a `` large , close-knit and dysfunctional Northern family '' . The single episode focused on the family 's visit to Lapland , whilst the series focusses on their life in Birkenhead . Elizabeth Berrington and Stephen Graham ( later recast to Dean Andrews ) play Eileen 's children , whilst William Ash and Julie Graham play their partners . All the cast - Johnston , Berrington , Ash , Julie Graham and Keith Barron - a love interest for Eileen - returned for the series , with the exception of Stephen Graham and Zawe Ashton , who played Jingle Jill .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "84950113a2aa56910a4b33a122b27087",
"text": "The Ever After The Ever After is a 2014 American drama film directed by Mark Webber and starring Teresa Palmer , Rosario Dawson , Melissa Leo and Webber .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bfb9d6617a642ee30681290ae5410477",
"text": "Lost Girl (season 5) Lost Girl is a Canadian supernatural drama television series that premiered on Showcase on September 12 , 2010 . The series was created by Michelle Lovretta and is produced by Jay Firestone and Prodigy Pictures Inc. , with the participation of the Canadian Television Fund ( Canada Media Fund ) , and in association with Shaw Media . It follows the life of a bisexual succubus named Bo , played by Anna Silk , as she learns to control her superhuman abilities , help those in need , and discover the truth about her origins . On February 27 , 2014 , Showcase and Shaw Media announced the renewal for a fifth and final season , with production starting in spring and the season set to air Fall 2014 . On August 25 , 2014 , Showcase announced that season 5 would be the last , with the original 13-episode order increased to 16 final episodes and the season divided into Part 1 and Part 2 . In the United States , on March 3 , 2015 , Syfy announced the premiere of season 5 on April 17 , 2015 , at 10 p.m. , with the show 's broadcast day changed to Friday . The time slot was afterwards changed to Thursday at 10 p.m. effective May 21 , with episode `` Clear Eyes , Fae Hearts '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bcbbb9e586fd8b807beb9094fa83e3d6",
"text": "You're Getting Old `` You 're Getting Old '' is the seventh episode and the mid-season finale of the fifteenth season of the American animated television series South Park , and the 216th episode of the series overall . It first aired on Comedy Central in the United States on June 8 , 2011 . In the episode , Stan begins to develop a profound sense of cynicism after celebrating his tenth birthday , where he is literally seeing everything as `` crap '' . Meanwhile , Randy latches onto a new music genre , `` tween wave , '' in an attempt to fit in , which causes problems in his marriage with Sharon . The episode was written by series co-creator Trey Parker and was produced at the end of the show 's `` spring '' run . He and co-creator Matt Stone had created the idea of Stan 's existential crisis as a parallel with their own real-life aging . `` You 're Getting Old '' ends abruptly ; Stan 's parents separate and his problem remains unresolved . The conclusion was inspired by modern television dramas , which are often serialized and are less likely to have the standard `` happy ending . '' The episode created significant media attention , and was interpreted by some critics as a metaphor for the frustration experienced by creators Parker and Stone stemming from the show 's continued production ; other critics , and several viewers , speculated on whether the episode was meant as a series finale . The episode received very positive reviews from contemporary television critics , who praised the episode 's ending and overarching theme on growing older . According to Nielsen Media Research , the episode was seen by 2.29 million viewers the week it was broadcast . The episode 's ending is continued in the mid-season premiere , `` Ass Burgers '' , which aired in October 2011 . `` You 're Getting Old '' was released on DVD and Blu-ray along with the rest of the fifteenth season on March 27 , 2012 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5a4e4d443ed1498ec19289b5df1b8883",
"text": "List of Psych episodes Psych is an American crime/mystery comedy television series that premiered on July 7 , 2006 on USA Network , and aired its series finale on March 26 , 2014 . It stars James Roday as Shawn Spencer , who uses his eidetic memory with the observational and investigative skills that his father ingrained in him during childhood to fake being a psychic who consults with the Santa Barbara Police Department to solve cases , as well as running a psychic detective agency called Psych . He is ( reluctantly ) helped in his charade by his best friend , Burton `` Gus '' Guster ( Dulé Hill ) , and his father , Henry Spencer ( Corbin Bernsen ) . He generally works with police detectives Carlton Lassiter ( Timothy Omundson ) and Juliet O'Hara ( Maggie Lawson ) and under the direction of Police Chief Karen Vick ( Kirsten Nelson ) . Episodes usually begin with a flashback to Shawn 's youth , showcasing one of Henry 's lessons for his son . These lessons are typically used or applied later in the episode . During the run of Psych 121 episodes aired . On May 8 , 2017 , USA Network announced `` Psych '' would return for a 2-hour TV movie to air in December 2017 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d3741b65b999c16bf480750ea1b6d26b",
"text": "Living Single Living Single is an American television sitcom that aired for five seasons on the Fox network from August 29 , 1993 , to January 1 , 1998 . The show centered on the lives of six friends who share personal and professional experiences while living in a Brooklyn brownstone . Throughout its run , Living Single became one of the most popular African-American sitcoms of its era , ranking among the top five in African-American ratings in all five seasons . The series was produced by Yvette Lee Bowser 's company , Sister Lee , in association with Warner Bros. . Television . In contrast to the popularity of NBC 's `` Must See TV '' -- first on Sunday nights and then later on Thursday nights in the 1990s -- many African-American and Latino viewers flocked to Fox . For the 1993 -- 94 season , Living Single aired on Sunday nights between Martin and Married ... with Children , and then on Thursday nights from 1994 to 1998 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "98a5588326909f1c9ea728dd789a84aa",
"text": "But Beautiful (song) `` But Beautiful '' is a popular song with music written by Jimmy Van Heusen , the lyrics by Johnny Burke . The song was published in 1947 . One of five songs written by Burke and Van Heusen featured in the Paramount Pictures movie Road to Rio ( 1947 ) , it was introduced by Bing Crosby and is also associated with his leading lady Dorothy Lamour . The song was a hit in 1948 for Frank Sinatra ( reaching the No. 14 spot ) , Bing Crosby ( # 20 ) , Margaret Whiting ( # 21 ) and Art Lund ( # 25 ) . The original key is G major and has the form A-B1-A-B2 . Chick Corea recorded a piano solo version of it in the original key of G major , but it has been recorded in many different keys , including F major ( later Sinatra ) , C major ( Bill Evans and Stan Getz ) , D major ( Tony Bennett and Lady Gaga ) , Billie Holiday ( B-flat major ) and Nat King Cole ( E major ) . It is usually performed as a ballad .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ebcab7c302a2d62b6679465541d15dd5",
"text": "Total Drama All-Stars and Pahkitew Island Total Drama All-Stars and Total Drama : Pahkitew Island are two 13-episode segments that both make up the fifth season of the Canadian animated television series , Total Drama . The season was commissioned by Cartoon Network in October 2012 , ordering 26 episodes . It is a sequel to Total Drama Island , Total Drama Action , Total Drama World Tour , and Total Drama : Revenge of the Island . The season was produced by Fresh TV and the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network and distributed by Cake Entertainment . Owing to the series ' premise , the season presents itself as a parody of reality television series , such as Survivor . The entire season first premiered in the United States starting on September 10 , 2013 on Cartoon Network for the first part , with the second part premiering in the United States on July 7 , 2014 for a two-week time period . In Canada , the first part premiered on Teletoon during their `` Ca n't Miss Thursdays '' time slot starting January 9 , 2014 . The second part of the season also premiered during their `` Ca n't Miss Thursdays '' time slot on Teletoon starting on September 4 , 2014 . The second half of the season also premiered on the APTN network in 2015 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "066bdc35887eae267a26760f468e5805",
"text": "Hello Beautiful (disambiguation) Hello Beautiful can refer to : `` Hello , Beautiful '' , a 1931 song by Maurice Chevalier , also featured in several Betty Boop films ( Bimbo Express , 1931 ; Stopping the Show , 1932 ; Betty Boop 's Rise to Fame , 1934 ) `` Hello Beautiful '' , a song from the 2007 Jonas Brothers album `` Hello , Beautiful '' , a song by Vic Mignogna from his 2007 album Metafiction The Powers Girl , sometimes retitled Hello , Beautiful , a 1943 musical comedy about women employed by a modeling agency Hello Beautiful , an alternative/hip hop/rock fusion band from Whitby , Ontario , Canada Hello Beautiful ! , a popular weekly radio program in Chicago about arts , architecture and culture , created and hosted by Edward Lifson",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "23ab3ccf19cd5f4ccc4fedbcd093a10a",
"text": "28th PMPC Star Awards for Television The 28th PMPC Star Awards for Television ( organized by Philippine Movie Press Club headed by President Fernan de Guzman and produced by Airtime Marketing Philippines , Inc. headed by Tessie Celestino-Howard ) awarding ceremony was held last November 23 , 2014 , at the Solaire Resort and Casino Grand Ballroom , Paranaque City and will be broadcast on ABS-CBN Channel 2 on November 30 , 2014 ( `` Sunday 's Best '' , 10:45 pm ) . The awards night will be hosted by Iza Calzado , Kim Chiu , Enchong Dee and Piolo Pascual with performances by Maja Salvador , James Reid , Pokwang , and the cast of Bubble Gang ; directed by Arnel Natividad .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "17f1ebeb5495f37374b6176bfd7ebd66",
"text": "Beautiful People (Pet Shop Boys song) `` Beautiful People '' is a song written and recorded by the Pet Shop Boys group , and was released on 2 October 2009 , as the third single from their tenth studio album : Yes . This single was released in Germany only first , at the request of EMI . In November it was released in the US as a download . The B-side , `` Fugitive '' , had previously been published ( in an extended version ) on the limited edition of their 2006 album Fundamental . The song was produced by Richard X. Both the demo version of `` Beautiful People '' and the remix of `` Up and Down '' had been previously available digitally . The demo was available to stream from the official Pet Shop Boys website and the remix was available as a free download during the `` Did You See Me Coming ? '' single campaign . Remixes by Vinny Vero were commissioned but not used due to delays in their completion . They were later released unofficially as a free download on Vero 's website .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "257f3b722a90544e1bf9d2b665d93890",
"text": "2014 iHeartRadio Music Awards The 2014 iHeartRadio Music Awards , was the inaugural music award show presented by iHeartMedia 's platform iHeartRadio and NBC . The awards were held on May 1 , 2014 , at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles . The awards show was announced on February 26 , 2014 . The nominations were compiled by the results of Mediabase charts , listener feedback and digital straming data from the iHeartRadio platform and announced on March 26 , 2014 . The awards recognized the biggest artists and songs of the year . The show was directed by Hamish Hamilton . The voting took place on iHeartRadio 's official webpage except for the `` Instagram Award '' , where voting took place on social network Instagram . Rihanna led the nominations with eight and also became the biggest winner of the night with four wins including Artist of the Year and Song of the Year . NBC 's telecast of the iHeartRadio Music Awards drew 5.4 million viewers overall and a rating of 1.7 in the key 18-to-49-year-old demographic .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9bd7d2fc0921823c22ed7a1c149c4500",
"text": "Dancing with the Stars (Australian season 14) The fourteenth season of Dancing with the Stars premiered on 30 September 2014 . Daniel McPherson had returned to host the season , alongside Edwina Bartholemew . Todd McKenney and Helen Richey returned as judges , alongside Kym Johnson and Adam Garcia . The show received significant promotion using Nathaniel Willemse 's song `` Live Louder '' in the use of its television commercials throughout early September . AFL player David Rodan won the competition with his pro dancer , Melanie Hooper .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
4f2eeb8fbe2d09db27ecdd9681a8526f | Stranger Things includes a character who is capable of psychokinesis. | [
{
"docid": "0b3b33e6ae5c1121973600fa19ee27a5",
"text": "Stranger Things Stranger Things is an American science fiction-horror web television series created , written , directed and co-executive produced by the Duffer Brothers , as well as co-executive-produced by Shawn Levy and Dan Cohen . The first season stars Winona Ryder , David Harbour , Finn Wolfhard , Millie Bobby Brown , Gaten Matarazzo , Caleb McLaughlin , Natalia Dyer , Charlie Heaton , Cara Buono , and Matthew Modine , with Noah Schnapp and Joe Keery in recurring roles . The second season will see Schnapp and Keery promoted to series regulars , along with the addition of Sadie Sink and Dacre Montgomery . Set in the fictional town of Hawkins , Indiana in the 1980s , the first season focuses on the investigation into the disappearance of a young boy by his friends , older brother and traumatized mother and the local police chief , amid supernatural events occurring around the town including the appearance of a psychokinetic girl who helps the missing boy 's friends in their own search . The second season is set a year after the first , and deals with attempts of the characters to return to normal and consequences from that season . The Duffer Brothers developed the series as a mix of investigative drama alongside supernatural elements with childlike sensibilities , establishing its time frame in the 1980s and creating a homage #Noun to pop culture of that decade . Several themes and directorial aspects were inspired and aesthetically informed by the works of Steven Spielberg , John Carpenter , and Stephen King , among others . The series was released on Netflix on July 15 , 2016 . It received critical acclaim for its characterization , pacing , atmosphere , acting , soundtrack , directing , writing and homages to 1980s genre films . The series has received several industry nominations and awards , including winning the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series in 2016 . On August 31 , 2016 , Netflix renewed the series for a second season of nine episodes , which is set to be released on October 31 , 2017 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "8d5421fa1fb49124f6a217b71b082496",
"text": "The Things We Bury `` The Things We Bury '' is the eighth episode of the second season of the American television series Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. , based on the Marvel Comics organization S.H.I.E.L.D. ( Strategic Homeland Intervention , Enforcement and Logistics Division ) , revolving around the character of Phil Coulson and his team of S.H.I.E.L.D. agents as they search for a hidden alien city , and discover secrets about their enemies . It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe ( MCU ) , sharing continuity with the films of the franchise . The episode was written by DJ Doyle and directed by Milan Cheylov . Clark Gregg reprises his role as Coulson from the film series , and is joined by principal cast members Ming-Na Wen , Brett Dalton , Chloe Bennet , Iain De Caestecker , Elizabeth Henstridge , and Nick Blood . Hayley Atwell reprises her role from other MCU projects in flashbacks with connections to the television series Agent Carter and the films Captain America : The First Avenger and Captain America : The Winter Soldier . `` The Things We Bury '' originally aired on ABC on November 18 , 2014 , and according to Nielsen Media Research , was watched by 4.58 million viewers . The episode received a mostly positive critical response , with the episode 's flashback sequences , and the performance of MacLachlan , praised , but an issue of ` over-crowding ' of storylines was frequently brought up by critics .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f9f8b288d5b9b64ca51ce3a3bd406937",
"text": "Alien abduction claimants Alien abduction claimants ( also called abductees and experiencers ) are people who have claimed to have been abducted by aliens . The term `` abduction phenomenon '' describes claims of non-human creatures kidnapping individuals and temporarily removing them from familiar terrestrial surroundings . The abductors , usually interpreted as being extraterrestrial life forms , are said to subject experiencers to a forced medical examination that emphasizes the alleged experiencer 's reproductive system . The first alien abduction narrative to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961 . Since that time , the credibility and mental health of alleged experiencers has taken on great importance to those seeking to determine the veracity of the abduction claims . Mainstream academics and members of the skeptics movement generally doubt that the phenomenon occurs literally as reported , and have proposed a variety of alternate explanations . Such skeptics often argue that the phenomenon might be a modern-day folk myth or vivid dreams occurring in a state of sleep paralysis . On the contrary ufologists and paranormal researchers hold positions closer to the face-value of abduction claims . The discovery of common psychological traits shared by abductees would have the potential to determine a neurological explanation for the claims , while other commonalities or differences may serve to reinforce that the claims of the experiencers do in fact correspond with objective reality .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fe979c57ba1b24dba14da9a14670e22c",
"text": "Paraspace The term ` paraspace ' comes from Samuel R. Delany , a ` space ' existing parallel to normal or ordinary space . According to Delany , the para-space is an alternate space that ` exists parallel to the normal space of the diegesis -- a rhetorically heightened `` other realm ''' ( Bukatman 1993 : 157 ) . Bukatman ( 1993 : 157 ) says `` Cyberspace is clearly a '' paraspace ' . ' `` Delany connects cyberpunk to the mysterious lunar artifact of Algis Budrys ' Rogue Moon and early evocations of outer space , all of which use inflated rhetoric to differentiate `` paraspace '' from mundane dimensions '' Samuel Review Essay . Paraspace is defined by Barry Malzberg as `` the condition of hyperspace -LSB- that -RSB- is itself insane '' ( as cited by Bukatman , 1993 : 157 ) . Michael Fisch ( 2004 : 371 , citing Murakami , 2002 : 157 ) comments `` While the para-space is often inaugurated through cognition it is always a ` materially manifested ' and ` linguistically intensified ' space in which ` conflicts that begin in ordinary space are resolved ' '' ( Murakami 2002 : 157 ) . Implications Walter Benjamin ( 1936/1968 ) declare the end of storytelling because of its incapacity to relate traumatic experiences , such as warfare , shell shock in World War I . As work lost its spaces to practice not just storytelling , but storylistening , the skills of interpretation of experience atrophied . Paraspace is the hyperspace gone insane ( Malzberg , The worker flesh-body is displaced by the corporate ad-inventions , set on the global stage of `` technoorganic reconstructions of the flesh '' ( Bukatman , 1993 : 19 ) . Walter Benjamin ( 1936 ) declared that the art of storytelling is coming to an end . We can no longer tell a tale of trauma properly . We can no longer exchange our experiences of trauma of war ( PTSD ) , economic collapse sending millions into homelessness , including veterans of the recent wars , the ubiquitousness of sweatshops , and so on . Of relevance to paraspace , the lost art of storytelling has an accumulated effect ( Fisch , 2004 : p. 365 ) ; it gets worth with cyber-real . / When the ` real ' pokes through the cyberspace , it gets quickly displaced by obfuscation . Our ` real ' in hyperspace is not closer to Lacanian Real ( FIsch , p. 372 ) . Paraspace is invisible , yet has material consequences ( Bukatman , 1992 ) . Benjamin , W. ( 1936/1968 ) Illuminations , New York : Harcourt Brace & World . Bukatman , S. ( 1992 ) . Amidst These Fields of Data : Allegory , Rhetoric , and the Paraspace . Critique : Studies in Contemporary Fiction , 33 ( 3 ) , 199-219 . Bukatman , S. ( 1993 ) Terminal Identity : The Virtual Subject in Postmodern Science Fiction , Durham , NC : Duke University Press . Delany , Samuel R. ( 1988 ) . Some real mothers : An interview with Samuel R. Delany by Takayuki Tatsumi . '' Science Fiction Eye , 1 , # 3 : 5-11 . Fisch , M. ( 2004 , October ) . In search of the real : technology , shock and language in Murakami Haruki 's Sputnik Sweetheart . In Japan Forum ( Vol . 16 , No. 3 , pp. 361 -- 383 ) . Taylor & Francis . Murakami , H. ( 2002 ) Sputnik Sweetheart , trans . P. Gabriel , New York : Vintage International .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ba8ac590de976af464d578c5caba51f0",
"text": "Black Skin, White Masks Black Skin , White Masks ( Peau noire , masques blancs ) is a 1952 book by Frantz Fanon , in which Fanon studies the psychology of the racism and dehumanization inherent in situations of colonial domination . With the application of historical interpretation , and the concomitant underlying social indictment , the psychiatrist Frantz Fanon formulated Black Skin , White Masks to combat the oppression of black people . He applied psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic theory to explain the feelings of dependency and inadequacy that Black people experience in a White world . That the divided self-perception of the Black Subject who has lost his native cultural origin , and embraced the culture of the Mother Country , produces an inferiority complex in the mind of the Black Subject , who then will try to appropriate and imitate the culture of the colonizer . Such behavior is more readily evident in upwardly mobile and educated black people who can afford to acquire status symbols within the world of the colonial ecumene , such as an education abroad and mastery of the language of the colonizer , the white masks . Based upon , and derived from , the concepts of the collective unconscious and collective catharsis , the sixth chapter , `` The Negro and Psychopathology '' , presents brief , deep psychoanalyses of colonized black people , and thus proposes the inability of black people to fit into the norms ( social , cultural , racial ) established by white society . That `` a normal Negro child , having grown up in a normal Negro family , will become abnormal on the slightest contact of the white world . '' That , in a white society , such an extreme psychological response originates from the unconscious and unnatural training of black people , from early childhood , to associate `` blackness '' with `` wrongness '' . That such unconscious mental training of black children is effected with comic books and cartoons , which are cultural media that instil and affix , in the mind of the white child , the society 's cultural representations of black people as villains . Moreover , when black children are exposed to such images of villainous black people , the children will experience a psychopathology ( psychological trauma ) , which mental wound becomes inherent to their individual , behavioral make-up ; a part of his and her personality . That the early-life suffering of said psychopathology -- black skin associated with villainy -- creates a collective nature among the men and women who were reduced to colonized populations .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "28b230e94a52735920110d6065e96160",
"text": "Uncanny valley In aesthetics , the uncanny valley is the hypothesis that human replicas which appear almost , but not exactly , like real human beings elicit feelings of eeriness and revulsion among some observers . Valley denotes a dip in the human observer 's affinity for the replica , a relation that otherwise increases with the replica 's human likeness . Examples can be found in robotics , 3D computer animations , and lifelike dolls among others . With the increasing prevalence of virtual reality , augmented reality , and photorealistic computer animation , the ` valley ' has been cited in the popular press in reaction to the verisimilitude of the creation as it approaches indistinguishability from reality . For example , Telus 's attempt to replace real animals in advertisements with animations like this wound up firmly in the ` uncanny valley ' and had negative , not positive , impact on those viewing the spots . Similar reactions can occur with special effects where care is not taken to either break away from the audience 's expectation of reality completely or honor it ( People and objects noticably not traveling in proper parabolic arcs when knocked flying , or real human bodies clearly being subject to loads that would not be survivable in reality -- the flight of Tom Cruise from helicopter to train at the end of Mission Impossible failed both of these tests . ) The ` uncanny valley ' has therefore moved from its origin about reactions to human simulacra , to reactions about photorealistic simulacra in general .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9e214b68f74c8d1d202d7f638ce7b7e5",
"text": "Aaron Hotchner Aaron Hotchner is a fictional character from the CBS crime drama Criminal Minds , portrayed by Thomas Gibson . He is a Supervisory Special Agent and the unit chief of the FBI 's Behavioral Analysis Unit , and has appeared from the series ' pilot episode `` Extreme Aggressor '' , which was originally broadcast on September 22 , 2005 . Hotch begins the series married to his high school sweetheart Haley ( Meredith Monroe ) . They have a son named Jack ( Cade Owens ) , though they later separated over Hotch 's dedication to his job . Meredith Monroe 's character Haley was later killed in season five by serial killer George Foyet . Two years after Haley 's death , he met triathlon runner Beth Clemmons , and had been in a relationship with her , until season ten when it is revealed he broke things off with her when she was offered a job in Hong Kong . On August 12 , 2016 , CBS producers announced that Gibson had been dismissed from Criminal Minds following a physical altercation with one of the show 's writers and that `` creative details '' regarding the character 's departure would be announced at a later date . After appearing in the first two episodes of the 2016-2017 season , the Hotchner character was removed from the opening credits of subsequent episodes . At the start of the third episode , one character explained Hotch 's absence by remarking that he was on TDY . In episode 12.6 titled `` Elliott 's Pond '' it was revealed that Gibson 's character , Aaron Hotchner , was leaving his post as longtime head of the Behavioral Analysis Unit after Peter Lewis ( aka Mr. Scratch ) began stalking Hotch 's son , Jack . The two decided to enter the Witness Protection Program . The move would make it nearly impossible for Hotch to return to his field of work at the BAU , prompting him to resign from the position in effort to protect Jack . A new BAU chief had to be named and Hotch personally requested Emily Prentiss ( Paget Brewster ) , which in turn she eventually accepted .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0a8a1cdba53883b89397a70838aa2618",
"text": "Shapeshifting In mythology , folklore and speculative fiction , shapeshifting ( or metamorphosis ) is the ability of a being or creature to completely transform its physical form or shape . This is usually achieved through an inherent ability of a mythological creature , divine intervention , or the use of magic . The idea of shapeshifting is present in the oldest forms of totemism and shamanism , as well as the oldest extant literature and epic poems , including works such as the Epic of Gilgamesh and the Iliad , where the shapeshifting is usually induced by the act of a deity . The idea persisted through the Middle Ages , where the agency causing shapeshifting is usually a sorcerer or witch , and into the modern period . It remains a common trope in modern fantasy , children 's literature , and works of popular culture . The most common form of shapeshifting myths is that of therianthropy , which is the transformation of a human being into an animal or conversely , of an animal into human form . Legends allow for transformations into plants and objects , and the assumption of another human countenance ( e.g. fair to ugly ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f2787c688a834bac902fe1795f962bd3",
"text": "Mirror box A mirror box is a box with two mirrors in the center ( one facing each way ) , invented by Vilayanur S. Ramachandran to help alleviate phantom limb pain , in which patients feel they still have a limb after having it amputated . The wider use of mirrors in this way is known as mirror therapy . In a mirror box the patient places the good limb into one side , and the residual limb into the other . The patient then looks into the mirror on the side with the good limb and makes `` mirror symmetric '' movements , as a symphony conductor might , or as we do when we clap our hands . Because the subject is seeing the reflected image of the good hand moving , it appears as if the phantom limb is also moving . Through the use of this artificial visual feedback it becomes possible for the patient to `` move '' the phantom limb , and to unclench it from potentially painful positions . Based on the observation that phantom limb patients were much more likely to report paralyzed and painful phantoms if the actual limb had been paralyzed prior to amputation ( for example , due to a brachial plexus avulsion ) , Ramachandran and Rogers-Ramachandran proposed the `` learned paralysis '' hypothesis of painful phantom limbs . Their hypothesis was that every time the patient attempted to move the paralyzed limb , they received sensory feedback ( through vision and proprioception ) that the limb did not move . This feedback stamped itself into the brain circuitry through a process of Hebbian learning , so that , even when the limb was no longer present , the brain had learned that the limb ( and subsequent phantom ) was paralyzed . Ramachandran 's theory was challenged by a 2010 research study conducted by Marian Michielsen of the University Medical Center , Rotterdam . Michielsen carried out research involving 22 stroke victims which suggests that mirror therapy works by enhancing the spatial coupling between limbs . Michielsen stated that `` The hypothesis that the mirror illusion enhances spatial coupling is supported by studies on healthy volunteers , showing that the mirror illusion increased the tendency of one limb to take on the spatial properties of the other limb .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "955de93aba8f65459d3c0722dc962680",
"text": "Treehouse of Horror IV `` Treehouse of Horror IV '' is the fifth episode of The Simpsons ' fifth season and the fourth episode in the Treehouse of Horror series of Halloween specials . It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 28 , 1993 , and features three short stories called `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , and `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' . The episode was directed by David Silverman and co-written by Conan O'Brien , Bill Oakley , Josh Weinstein , Greg Daniels , Dan McGrath , and Bill Canterbury . In `` The Devil and Homer Simpson '' , Homer Simpson announces he would sell his soul for a doughnut , and the Devil appears to make a deal with Homer . Homer tries to outsmart the Devil by not finishing the doughnut but eventually eats it and is sent to Hell . A trial is held between Homer and the Devil to determine the rightful owner of Homer 's soul . In `` Terror at 5 1/2 Feet '' , while riding the bus to school , Bart Simpson believes he sees a gremlin taking apart the bus piece by piece . Nobody sees it except for Bart , so he tries to remove it on his own . In `` Bart Simpson 's Dracula '' , Mr. Burns is a vampire and Bart falls victim to his bite . Lisa and the rest of the family go to Burns ' castle to kill Burns so Bart can return to normal . As with the rest of the Halloween specials , the episode is considered non-canon and falls outside of the show 's regular continuity . The episode makes cultural references to television series such as The Twilight Zone , Night Gallery , and Peanuts . References are also made to films such as Bram Stoker 's Dracula and The Lost Boys . Since airing , the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics . It acquired a Nielsen rating of 14.5 , and was the highest-rated show on the Fox network the week it aired .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "572b4d1165e700bbe47e568a64685ef6",
"text": "William Gibson William Ford Gibson ( born March 17 , 1948 ) is an American-Canadian speculative fiction writer and essayist widely credited with pioneering the science fiction subgenre known as cyberpunk . Beginning his writing career in the late 1970s , his early works were noir , near-future stories that explored the effects of technology , cybernetics , and computer networks on humans -- a `` combination of lowlife and high tech '' -- and helped to create an iconography for the information age before the ubiquity of the Internet in the 1990s . Gibson notably coined the term `` cyberspace '' in his short story `` Burning Chrome '' ( 1982 ) and later popularized the concept in his acclaimed debut novel Neuromancer ( 1984 ) . These early works have been credited with `` renovating '' science fiction literature after it had fallen largely into insignificance in the 1970s . After expanding on Neuromancer with two more novels to complete the dystopic Sprawl trilogy , Gibson collaborated with Bruce Sterling on the alternate history novel The Difference Engine ( 1990 ) , which became an important work of the science fiction subgenre steampunk . In the 1990s , Gibson composed the Bridge trilogy of novels , which explored the sociological developments of near-future urban environments , postindustrial society , and late capitalism . Following the turn of the century and the events of 9/11 , Gibson emerged with a string of increasingly realist novels -- Pattern Recognition ( 2003 ) , Spook Country ( 2007 ) , and Zero History ( 2010 ) -- set in a roughly contemporary world . These works saw his name reach mainstream bestseller lists for the first time . His more recent novel , The Peripheral ( 2014 ) , returned to a more overt engagement with technology and recognizable science fiction concerns . In 1999 , The Guardian described Gibson as `` probably the most important novelist of the past two decades , '' while the Sydney Morning Herald called him the `` noir prophet '' of cyberpunk . Throughout his career , Gibson has written more than 20 short stories and 10 critically acclaimed novels ( one in collaboration ) , contributed articles to several major publications , and collaborated extensively with performance artists , filmmakers , and musicians . His work has been cited as an influence across a variety of disciplines spanning academia , design , film , literature , music , cyberculture , and technology .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "37fa6679f2f80081e0ed2b7d013b310a",
"text": "Clairvoyance Clairvoyance ( / klɛɹˈvɔɪəns / or / klɛəˈvɔɪəns / ) ( from French clair meaning `` clear '' and voyance meaning `` vision '' ) is the alleged ability to gain information about an object , person , location or physical event through extrasensory perception . Any person who is claimed to have some such ability is said accordingly to be a clairvoyant ( / klerˈvɔɪənt / ) ( `` one who sees clearly '' ) . Claims for the existence of paranormal and psychic abilities such as clairvoyance have not been supported by scientific evidence published in high impact factor peer reviewed journals . Parapsychology explores this possibility , but the existence of the paranormal is not accepted by the scientific community . Parapsychology , including the study of clairvoyance , is an example of pseudoscience .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "96fed37dfdc81f1bd8419a5c25397fb0",
"text": "Stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilia Stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilias are desires whose objects `` become eligible '' to be desired because of , rather than despite , a stigma which they bear . The manifold manifestations of these paraphilias cover the broadest range of physical , intimate and social circumstance . In the context of a stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilia , what is considered repulsive , unsuitable , prohibited , abnormal or taboo by most people turns into something attractive , suitable , permitted , normal and licensed . Thus , in paedophilia , necrophilia and zoophilia , children , corpses and animals are desired despite being incapable of forming sexual ( or , indeed , any ) relationships . In the attraction to disability , disabled people are desired despite deviating from the physical standard . In gerontophilia and ephebophilia , significantly older or younger people are desired despite being generally considered unsuitable due to great difference in age . In hybristophilia , notorious criminals are desired despite being generally considered objectionable . In urolagnia , coprophilia and emetophilia , urinating , defecating and vomiting in intimate circumstances are seen as arousing despite the general views that they are repulsive . In this sense , stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilias can seem ` non-conformist ' and ` taboo-busting . ' Stigmatic-eligibilic paraphilias are generally thought to result from intense and memorable childhood experiences ( `` sexuoerotic tragedies , '' though they may not be distressing ) which `` deform '' the future adult 's idea of what is and what is not attractive ( their `` lovemap '' ) . Attempting to accommodate the extraordinary experience into an acceptable mental frame of reference , the future adult may `` triumph '' over it by use of a logic whereby the terms of reference commonly associated with it are reversed . Category : Paraphilias",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ddce0c0cb65863c8e7fe09be4ce69612",
"text": "Doctor Strange Stephen Vincent Strange , M.D. is a fictional superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics . Created by artist Steve Ditko and writer Stan Lee , the character first appeared in Strange Tales # 110 ( cover-dated July 1963 ) . Doctor Strange serves as the Sorcerer Supreme , the primary protector of Earth against magical and mystical threats . Inspired by stories of black magic and Chandu the Magician , Strange was created during the Silver Age of Comics to bring a different kind of character and themes of mysticism to Marvel Comics . The character 's origin story relates that he was once a brilliant but egotistical surgeon . After a car accident severely damages his hands and hinders his ability to perform surgery , he searches the globe for a way to repair them and encounters the Ancient One . After becoming one of the old Sorcerer Supreme 's students , he becomes a practitioner of both the mystical arts as well as martial arts . Along with knowing many powerful spells , he has a costume with two mystical objects -- the Cloak of Levitation and Eye of Agamotto -- which give him added powers . Strange is aided along the way by his friend and valet , Wong , and a large assortment of mystical objects . He takes up residence in a mansion called the Sanctum Sanctorum , located in New York City . Later , Strange takes the title of Sorcerer Supreme . In 2008 , Doctor Strange was ranked 83rd in Wizards `` 200 Greatest Comic Book Characters of All Time '' list , and in 2012 was ranked 33rd in IGN 's list of `` The Top 50 Avengers '' . He was also ranked 38th on IGN 's list of `` Top 100 Comic Book Heroes '' . The character was first portrayed in live-action by Peter Hooten in the 1978 television film Dr. Strange . Benedict Cumberbatch stars as the character in the Marvel Cinematic Universe , first appearing in the role in the 2016 film Doctor Strange .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5f006c2c05d09a07d53e22c6cf1bba50",
"text": "Xenoglossy Xenoglossy ( -LSB- ˌziːnəˈɡlɒsi , _ ˌzɛ - , _ - noʊ - -RSB- ) , also written xenoglossia ( -LSB- ˌziːnəˈɡlɒsiə , _ ˌzɛ - , _ - noʊ - -RSB- ) , sometimes also known as xenolalia , is the putative paranormal phenomenon in which a person is able to speak or write a language he or she could not have acquired by natural means . The words derive from Greek ξένος ( xenos ) , `` foreigner '' and γλῶσσα ( glōssa ) , `` tongue '' or `` language '' . The term xenoglossy was ostensibly coined by French parapsychologist Charles Richet in 1905 . Stories of xenoglossy are found in the Bible , and contemporary claims of xenoglossy have been made by parapsychologists and reincarnation researchers such as Ian Stevenson . There is no scientific evidence that xenoglossy is an actual phenomenon .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e6d47553e36f5d3866822e1579155eb3",
"text": "Sshhh ... `` Sshhh ... '' is a science fiction short story by David Brin about humanity 's first contact with an alien race . It was first published in Amazing Stories in 1988 and appears in the Brin 's 1997 anthology Otherness . The story opens with 2 Earth Survey vessels escorting Lentili starships to Earth . The Lentili are a race of tall , long-lived aliens who are far more technologically and philosophically advanced than humans , who have only recently ventured to the stars . While the Lentili are en route to Earth , Earth President Tridden makes a planetwide announcement . He reveals that an eminent psychologist has discovered that the Lentili , for all their power , lack a certain talent possessed by humans . This talent is apparently rare and almost unthinkable among galactic races . Tridden will not reveal exactly what this talent is , but describes it as `` something so mundane to us that few human beings ever bother even thinking about it past the age of ten ! '' This talent can wreak `` untold psychic harm '' among the Lentili and he asks the people of Earth to join him in making a `` great sacrifice . '' Tridden asks the human race to remove all mention of this talent from literature and from daily life . But since lingering references and , indeed , copies of his broadcast will survive , the human race must also provide a good `` cover story '' to explain away this situation . Tridden announces that it will be recorded that he has gone insane . There is no talent and the chaos will be the result of Tridden 's insanity . Tridden , seeing that he is about to be removed from the air , puts his finger to his lips in one final gesture of secrecy . The story is open-ended , leaving the reader to wonder whether Tridden pulled off a marvelous scheme to help humanity weather an ego crisis when faced with the superior Lentili , or whether humanity really does have a unique talent .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4f738ceb76bf790a270d413b3e4c3c18",
"text": "Abnormal psychology Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that studies unusual patterns of behavior , emotion and thought , which may or may not be understood as precipitating a mental disorder . Although many behaviors could be considered as abnormal , this branch of psychology generally deals with behavior in a clinical context . There is a long history of attempts to understand and control behavior deemed to be aberrant or deviant ( statistically , functionally , morally or in some other sense ) , and there is often cultural variation in the approach taken . The field of abnormal psychology identifies multiple causes for different conditions , employing diverse theories from the general field of psychology and elsewhere , and much still hinges on what exactly is meant by `` abnormal '' . There has traditionally been a divide between psychological and biological explanations , reflecting a philosophical dualism in regard to the mind body problem . There have also been different approaches in trying to classify mental disorders . Abnormal includes three different categories ; they are subnormal , supernormal and paranormal . The science of abnormal psychology studies two types of behaviors : adaptive and maladaptive behaviors . Behaviors that are maladaptive suggest that some problem ( s ) exist , and can also imply that the individual is vulnerable and can not cope with environmental stress , which is leading them to have problems functioning in daily life . Clinical psychology is the applied field of psychology that seeks to assess , understand and treat psychological conditions in clinical practice . The theoretical field known as ` abnormal psychology ' may form a backdrop to such work , but clinical psychologists in the current field are unlikely to use the term ` abnormal ' in reference to their practice . Psychopathology is a similar term to abnormal psychology but has more of an implication of an underlying pathology ( disease process ) , and as such is a term more commonly used in the medical specialty known as psychiatry .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2161d0a684c85c3a46f736340048f611",
"text": "Edward Page Mitchell Edward Page Mitchell ( 1852 -- 1927 ) was an American editorial and short story writer for The Sun , a daily newspaper in New York City . He became that newspaper 's editor in 1897 , succeeding Charles Anderson Dana . Mitchell was recognized as a major figure in the early development of the science fiction genre . Mitchell wrote fiction about a man rendered invisible by scientific means ( `` The Crystal Man '' , published in 1881 ) before H.G. Wells 's The Invisible Man , wrote about a time-travel machine ( `` The Clock that Went Backward '' ) before Wells 's The Time Machine , wrote about faster-than-light travel ( `` The Tachypomp '' ; now perhaps his best-known work ) in 1874 , a thinking computer and a cyborg in 1879 ( `` The Ablest Man in the World '' ) , and also wrote the earliest known stories about matter transmission or teleportation ( `` The Man without a Body '' , 1877 ) and a superior mutant ( `` Old Squids and Little Speller '' ) . `` Exchanging Their Souls '' ( 1877 ) is one of the earliest fictional accounts of mind transfer . Mitchell retired in 1926 , a year before dying of a cerebral hemorrhage . The gradual rediscovery of Mitchell and his work is a direct result of the publication in 1973 of a book-length anthology of his stories , compiled by Sam Moskowitz with a detailed introduction by Moskowitz giving much information about Mitchell 's personal life . Because Mitchell 's stories were not by-lined on original publication , nor indexed , Moskowitz expended major effort to track down and collect these works by an author whom Moskowitz cited as `` the lost giant of American science fiction '' . Mitchell 's stories show the strong influence of Edgar Allan Poe . Among other traits , Mitchell shares Poe 's habit of giving a basically serious and dignified fictional character a humorous name , such as `` Professor Dummkopf '' in Mitchell 's `` The Man Without a Body '' . Since Mitchell 's fictions were originally published in newspapers , typeset in the same format as news articles and not identified as fiction , he may possibly have used this device to signal to his readers that this text should not be taken seriously .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f1dbd4a6040e00949302aecc363a2866",
"text": "Pseudohallucination A pseudohallucination is an involuntary sensory experience vivid enough to be regarded as a hallucination , but recognised by the patient not to be the result of external stimuli . Unlike normal hallucinations , which occurs when one sees , hears , smells , tastes or feels something that is not there , with a compelling feeling or thought that it is real , pseudohallucinations are recognised by the person as unreal . In other words , it is a hallucination that is recognized as a hallucination , as opposed to a `` normal '' hallucination which would be perceived as real . An example used in psychiatry is the hearing of voices which are `` inside the head '' according to the patient ; in contrast , a hallucination would be indistinguishable to the patient from a real external stimulus , e.g. `` people were talking about me '' . The term is not widely used in the psychiatric and medical fields , as it is considered ambiguous ; the term nonpsychotic hallucination is preferred . Pseudohallucinations , then , are more likely to happen with a hallucinogenic drug . But `` the current understanding of pseudohallucinations is mostly based on the work of Karl Jaspers '' . A further distinction is sometimes made between pseudohallucinations and parahallucinations , the latter being a result of damage to the peripheral nervous system . They are considered a feature of conversion disorder , somatization disorder , and dissociative disorders . Also , pseudohallucinations can occur in people with visual/hearing loss , with the typical such type being Charles Bonnet syndrome .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "59c1a3c7c30c1f40c28c31bc30ccfb9e",
"text": "Shapeshifter (Anita Blake mythology) Numerous different types of shapeshifters exist in the Anita Blake : Vampire Hunter universe , including werewolves and wererats . Anita distinguishes between lycanthropes , which include solely persons infected by contact with another lycanthrope 's bodily fluids , and shapeshifters , a class that includes both lycanthropes and persons who are able to shapeshift as a result of magic , such as a personal or family curse . In the Anitaverse , lycanthropes are barred from certain professions and can in fact still be killed on sight in some states . The status of non-lycanthrope shapeshifters , being far more rare , is less clear . To what extent , if any , human society recognizes the authority of lycanthrope social groups ( packs , pards , etc. ) -- whether criminal acts undertaken at the order of one 's alpha might be regarded as actions taken under duress , for instance -- is similarly unclear .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c636692447584ecef11db8a08fe6b945",
"text": "Alien abduction The terms alien abduction or abduction phenomenon describe `` subjectively real memories of being taken secretly against one 's will by apparently nonhuman entities and subjected to complex physical and psychological procedures '' . Such abductions have sometimes been classified as close encounters of the fourth kind . People claiming to have been abducted are usually called `` abductees '' or `` experiencers '' . Due to a lack of objective physical evidence , most scientists and mental health professionals dismiss the phenomenon as `` deception , suggestibility ( fantasy-proneness , hypnotizability , false memory syndrome ) , personality , sleep paralysis , psychopathology , psychodynamics -LSB- and -RSB- environmental factors '' . Skeptic Robert Sheaffer sees similarity between the aliens depicted in science fiction films , in particular , Invaders From Mars , and some of those reported to have actually abducted people . Typical claims involve being subjected to forced medical examinations that emphasize abductee reproductive systems . Abductees sometimes claim to have been warned against environmental abuse and the dangers of nuclear weapons . While many of these claimed encounters are described as terrifying , some have been viewed as pleasurable or transformative . The first alleged alien abduction claim to be widely publicized was the Betty and Barney Hill abduction in 1961 . Reports of the abduction phenomenon have been made around the world , but are most common in English speaking countries , especially the United States . The contents of the abduction narrative often seem to vary with the home culture of the alleged abductee . Alien abductions have been the subject of conspiracy theories and science fiction storylines ( notably The X-Files ) that have speculated on stealth technology required if the phenomenon were real , the motivations for secrecy , and that alien implants could be a possible form of physical evidence .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
87e5685a796019e8277b35a12b04dfd2 | Paris is the descendant of King Priam. | [
{
"docid": "44ee55df46f9ceb66b581140adc5e9e2",
"text": "Paris (mythology) Paris , also known as Alexander ( Ἀλέξανδρος , Aléxandros ) , the son of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy , appears in a number of Greek legends . Probably the best-known was his elopement with Helen , queen of Sparta , this being one of the immediate causes of the Trojan War . Later in the war , he fatally wounds Achilles in the heel with an arrow as foretold by Achilles 's mother Thetis . The name Paris is probably Luwian and comparable to Pari-zitis attested as a Hittite scribe 's name .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "c3d482c69527befba5ace39c35e96abc",
"text": "Aesacus In Greek mythology , Aesacus or Aisakos ( -LSB- ˈiːsəkəs -RSB- Αἴσακος ) was a son of King Priam of Troy . Aesacus sorrowed for the death of his wife or would-be lover , a daughter of the river Cebren , and was transformed into a bird . The Bibliotheca makes Aesacus son of Priam 's first wife Arisbe , daughter of Merops . Apollodorus and Tzetzes also make Aesacus a seer who has learned the interpretation of dreams from his grandfather Merops . For them Aesacus is the interpreter of Hecabe 's dream when Hecabe gives birth to Paris . In Apollodorus the deceased daughter of Cebren for whom Aesacus mourns is his wife named Asterope . In Ovid 's Metamorphoses , Aesacus is an illegitimate son of King Priam secretly born to the nymph Alexirhoe , daughter of the river Granicus . Aesacus avoids Ilium , preferring the countryside . One day he catches sight of the nymph Hesperia , daughter of the river Cebren , falls in love , and pursues her . However , as Hesperia flees a venomous snake strikes her and she dies . Aesacus , unable to bear living any longer , leaps from a tall cliff into the sea but as he plunges he is changed into a bird by Tethys . Aesacus still attempts to dive into the depth yet continues still to live in the form of a diving bird .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1c76c1e8b6e1ffc39ea2e64747922bf5",
"text": "Palais de la Cité The Palais de la Cité , located on the Île de la Cité in the Seine River in the center of Paris , was the residence of the Kings of France from the sixth century until the 14th century . From the 14th century until the French Revolution , it was the headquarters of the French treasury , judicial system and the Parlement of Paris , an assembly of nobles . During the Revolution it served as a courthouse and prison , where Marie Antoinette and other prisoners were held and tried by the Revolutionary Tribunal . The palace was built and rebuilt over the course of six centuries ; the site is now largely occupied by the buildings of the 19th century Palais de Justice , but a few important vestiges remain ; the medieval lower hall of the Conciergerie , four towers along the Seine , and , mostly important , Sainte-Chapelle , the former chapel of the Palace , masterpiece of Gothic architecture . Both parts of the Conciergerie and Saint-Chapelle are classified as national historical monuments and can be visited , though most of the Palais de Justice is closed to the public .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "db71500e06f203cc8fcd279a14356c83",
"text": "Hundred Years' War The Hundred Years ' War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 by the House of Plantagenet , rulers of the Kingdom of England , against the House of Valois , rulers of the Kingdom of France , over the succession of the French throne . Each side drew many allies into the war . It was one of the most notable conflicts of the Middle Ages , in which five generations of kings from two rival dynasties fought for the throne of the largest kingdom in Western Europe . The war marked both the height of chivalry and its subsequent decline , and the development of strong national identities in both countries . After the Norman Conquest , the kings of England were vassals of the kings of France for their possessions in France . The French kings had endeavored , over the centuries , to reduce these possessions , to the effect that only Gascony was left to the English . The confiscation or threat of confiscating this duchy had been part of French policy to check the growth of English power , particularly whenever the English were at war with the Kingdom of Scotland , an ally of France . Through his mother , Isabella of France , Edward III of England was the grandson of Philip IV of France and nephew of Charles IV of France , the last king of the senior line of the House of Capet . In 1316 , a principle was established denying women succession to the French throne . When Charles IV died in 1328 , Isabella , unable to claim the French throne for herself , claimed it for her son . The French rejected the claim , maintaining that Isabella could not transmit a right that she did not possess . For about nine years ( 1328 -- 1337 ) , the English had accepted the Valois succession to the French throne , but the interference of the French king , Philip VI , in Edward III 's war against Scotland permitted Edward III to reassert his claim to the French throne . Several overwhelming English victories in the war -- especially at Crecy , Poitiers , and Agincourt -- raised the prospects of an ultimate English triumph . However , the greater resources of the French monarchy precluded a complete conquest . Starting in 1429 , decisive French victories at Orléans , Patay , Formigny , and Castillon concluded the war in favour of France , with England permanently losing most of its major possessions on the continent . Historians commonly divide the war into three phases separated by truces : the Edwardian Era War ( 1337 -- 1360 ) ; the Caroline War ( 1369 -- 1389 ) ; and the Lancastrian War ( 1415 -- 1453 ) . Local conflicts in neighbouring areas , which were contemporarily related to the war , including the War of the Breton Succession ( 1341 -- 1364 ) , the Castilian Civil War ( 1366 -- 1369 ) , the War of the Two Peters ( 1356 -- 1375 ) in Aragon , and the 1383 -- 85 Crisis in Portugal , were availed by the parties to advance their agendas . Later historians adopted the term `` Hundred Years ' War '' as a historiography periodization to encompass all of these events , thus constructing the longest military conflict in European history . The war owes its historical significance to multiple factors . By its end , feudal armies had been largely replaced by professional troops , and aristocratic dominance had yielded to a democratisation of the manpower and weapons of armies . Although primarily a dynastic conflict , the war gave impetus to ideas of French and English nationalism . The wider introduction of weapons and tactics supplanted the feudal armies where heavy cavalry had dominated , and artillery became important . The war precipitated the creation of the first standing armies in Western Europe since the time of the Western Roman Empire and thus helping to change their role in warfare . With respect to the belligerents , in France , civil wars , deadly epidemics , famines , and bandit free-companies of mercenaries reduced the population drastically . English political forces over time came to oppose the costly venture . The dissatisfaction of English nobles , resulting from the loss of their continental landholdings , became a factor leading to the civil wars known as the Wars of the Roses ( 1455 -- 1487 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "39ea9c7a6519e8764b8ce6f6a559f886",
"text": "France France ( -LSB- fʁɑ̃s -RSB- ) , officially the French Republic ( -LSB- ʁepyblik fʁɑ̃sɛz -RSB- ) , is a country with territory in western Europe and several overseas regions and territories . The European , or metropolitan , area of France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea , and from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean . Overseas France include French Guiana on the South American continent and several island territories in the Atlantic , Pacific and Indian oceans . France spans 643801 km2 and had a total population of almost 67 million people as of January 2017 . It is a unitary semi-presidential republic with the capital in Paris , the country 's largest city and main cultural and commercial centre . Other major urban centres include Marseille , Lyon , Lille , Nice , Toulouse and Bordeaux . During the Iron Age , what is now metropolitan France was inhabited by the Gauls , a Celtic people . The area was annexed in 51 BC by Rome , which held Gaul until 486 , when the Germanic Franks conquered the region and formed the Kingdom of France . France emerged as a major European power in the Late Middle Ages , with its victory in the Hundred Years ' War ( 1337 to 1453 ) strengthening state-building and political centralisation . During the Renaissance , French culture flourished and a global colonial empire was established , which by the 20th century would be the second largest in the world . The 16th century was dominated by religious civil wars between Catholics and Protestants ( Huguenots ) . France became Europe 's dominant cultural , political , and military power under Louis XIV . In the late 18th century , the French Revolution overthrew the absolute monarchy , established one of modern history 's earliest republics , and saw the drafting of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen , which expresses the nation 's ideals to this day . In the 19th century Napoleon took power and established the First French Empire , whose subsequent Napoleonic Wars shaped the course of continental Europe . Following the collapse of the Empire , France endured a tumultuous succession of governments culminating with the establishment of the French Third Republic in 1870 . France was a major participant in the First World War , from which it emerged victorious , and was one of the Allied Powers in the Second World War , but came under occupation by the Axis Powers in 1940 . Following liberation in 1944 , a Fourth Republic was established and later dissolved in the course of the Algerian War . The Fifth Republic , led by Charles de Gaulle , was formed in 1958 and remains to this day . Algeria and nearly all the other colonies became independent in the 1960s and typically retained close economic and military connections with France . France has long been a global centre of art , science , and philosophy . It hosts Europe 's fourth-largest number of cultural UNESCO World Heritage Sites and receives around 83 million foreign tourists annually , the most of any country in the world . France is a developed country with the world 's sixth-largest economy by nominal GDP and ninth-largest by purchasing power parity . In terms of aggregate household wealth , it ranks fourth in the world . France performs well in international rankings of education , health care , life expectancy , and human development . France remains a great power in the world , being one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council with the power to veto and an official nuclear-weapon state . It is a leading member state of the European Union and the Eurozone . It is also a member of the Group of 7 , North Atlantic Treaty Organization ( NATO ) , Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ( OECD ) , the World Trade Organization ( WTO ) , and La Francophonie .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f9a12c157931d0cedc878d74b0cef926",
"text": "Paris, New York Paris is a town in Oneida County , New York , United States . The town is in the southeast part of the county and is south of Utica . The population was 4,411 at the 2010 census . The town was named after an early benefactor , Colonel Isaac Paris .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cc51b4de3f5f4e9dc519f0ee5e31b5a3",
"text": "King Priam King Priam is an opera by Michael Tippett , to his own libretto . The story is based on Homer 's Iliad , except the birth and childhood of Paris , which are taken from the Fabulae of Hyginus . The premiere was on 29 May 1962 , at Coventry . The opera was composed for an arts festival held in conjunction with the reconsecration of the rebuilt Coventry Cathedral , for which Benjamin Britten also wrote his War Requiem , which was first performed in the Cathedral the day after the premiere of King Priam . The first Covent Garden performance was on 5 June , conducted by John Pritchard . It was premiered in Germany at the Badisches Staatstheater in 1963 , in Greece at the 1985 Athens Festival , in France at the Opéra de Nancy et de Lorraine in 1988 , in Italy at Batignano in 1990 , and in the United States San Francisco Opera Center Showcase in 1994 . In 2014 the work was revived by English Touring Opera , with a reduced orchestration by Iain Farrington , the first performance of this version being given at the Linbury Studio Theatre at the Royal Opera House on 13 February 2014 . As epigraph to the score Tippett placed the German words `` Es möge uns das Schicksal gönnen , dass wir das innere Ohr von dem Munde der Seele nicht abwenden , '' or , `` May Fate grant that we never turn our inner ear away from our soul 's lips . '' These words conclude a 1912 essay on the paintings of Arnold Schoenberg by Wassily Kandinsky .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a2fa77cd7b886793441810f31015e50d",
"text": "Panthéon-Assas University -RCB- -RCB- Panthéon-Assas University ( Université Panthéon-Assas -LSB- ynivɛʁsite pɑ̃teɔ̃ asas -RSB- , also referred to as `` Assas '' -LSB- asas -RSB- , `` Paris II '' -LSB- paʁi dø -RSB- , or `` Sorbonne Law School '' ) is a public university in Paris , France . Heir of the faculty of law and economics of the University of Paris ( La Sorbonne ) , it was established as its successor when the world 's second oldest academic institution was divided into autonomous universities in 1970 . It is a member of the alliance Sorbonne University . Panthéon-Assas University is ranked first in France in law by Eduniversal and is renowned for excellence in Law . '' Since its founding , it has produced two presidents including former French president François Hollande , four prime ministers and the holders of thirty-seven other ministerships in France and around the world . Forty alumni of the university have been members of various parliaments as well . The majority of the nineteen campuses of Panthéon-Assas are located in the Latin Quarter , with the main campus on place du Panthéon . The university is composed of four departments specializing in law , economics , public and private management , and political science , and hosts twenty-four research centres and five specialized doctoral schools . Every year , the university enrolls approximately 18,000 students , including 3,000 international students .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3da51d11ad168d6af0ee9fa90c52b6ba",
"text": "Joan II of Navarre Joan II ( Jeanne 28 January 1312 -- 6 October 1349 ) was Queen of Navarre from 1328 until her death . She was the only surviving child of Louis X of France , King of France and Navarre , and Margaret of Burgundy . Joan 's paternity was dubious because her mother was involved in a scandal , but Louis X declared her his legitimate daughter before he died in 1316 . However , the French lords were opposed to the idea of a female monarch and elected Louis X 's brother , Philip V , king . The Navarrese noblemen also did homage to Philip . Joan 's maternal grandmother , Agnes of France , Duchess of Burgundy , and uncle , Odo IV of Burgundy , made attempts to secure the counties of Champagne and Brie ( which had been the patrimony of Louis X 's mother , Joan I of Navarre ) to Joan , but the French royal troops defeated her supporters . After Philip V married his daughter to Odo and granted him two counties as her dowry , Odo renounced Joan 's claim to Champagne and Brie in exchange for a compensation in March 1318 . Joan married Philip of Évreux , who was also a member of the French royal family . Philip V was succeeded by his brother , Charles IV , in both France and Navarre in 1322 , but most Navarrese lords refused to swear loyalty to him . After Charles IV died in 1328 , the Navarrese expelled the French governor and declared Joan the rightful monarch of Navarre . In France , Philip of Valois was crowned king . He concluded an agreement with Joan and her husband , who renounced Joan 's claims to Champagne and Brie in exchange for three counties , while Philip acknowledged their right to Navarre . Joan and her husband were together crowned in Pamplona Cathedral on 5 March 1329 . The royal couple closely cooperated during their joint reign , but Philip of Évreux was more active . However , they mostly lived in their French domains . Navarre was then administered by governors during their absence .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e1a7a9f91ae5bc525c157a80bdc00a63",
"text": "Palais des Papes The Palais des Papes ( English : Papal palace , lo Palais dei Papas in Occitan ) is a historical palace in Avignon , southern France , one of the largest and most important medieval Gothic buildings in Europe . Once a fortress and palace , the papal residence was the seat of Western Christianity during the 14th century . Six papal conclaves were held in the Palais , leading to the elections of Benedict XII in 1334 , Clement VI in 1342 , Innocent VI in 1352 , Urban V in 1362 , Gregory XI in 1370 and Antipope Benedict XIII in 1394 . The Palais is actually two joined buildings : the old palais of Benedict XII , which sits on the impregnable rock of Doms , and the new palais of Clement VI , the most extravagant of the Avignon popes . Together they form the largest Gothic building of the Middle Ages , it is also one of the best examples of the International Gothic architectural style . The construction design was the work of two of France 's best architects , Pierre Peysson and Jean du Louvres and the lavish ornamentation was the work of two of the best students of the School of Siena ( Italy ) , Simone Martini and Matteo Giovanetti . In addition , the papal library housed in the Palais ( the largest in Europe at the time with over 2,000 volumes ) , attracted a group of clerics passionate in the study of `` belle-lettres '' , amongst them the founder of Humanism , Petrarch . At the same time , composers , singers and musicians were drawn to the Great Chapel of the Palais . It was there that Clement VI appreciated the Mass of Notre-Dame of Guillaume de Machaut , there that Philippe de Vitry at the pope 's invitation presented his Ars Nova and there that Johannes Ciconia came to study . Due to its immense size , the Palais was also the place where the general organisation of the Church began to change . It facilitated the centralisation of services and the adaption of operations in order to suit the needs of the papacy , creating a truly central administration for the Church . The manpower of the Curia ( Church administration ) , while 200 at the end of the 13th century , surpassed 300 at the beginning of the 14th century and reached 500 people in 1316 . To this were added over 1,000 lay officials working within the Palais . Despite this , the Palais became obsolete when the papacy found it necessary to return to Rome . The hope of reuniting Latin and Orthodox Christians , along with the achievement of peace in the Papal States in Italy , made the case of returning stronger . Added to that was the strong conviction of both Urban V and Gregory XI that the seat of the papacy could only be the tomb of St Peter . Despite strong opposition from the Court of France and the College of Cardinals , both popes found the means to return to Rome , the first , on 30 April 1362 , the second on 13 September 1370 . This time , the return was absolute . In the following centuries , the Palais lost all of its former glory , despite it serving as the seat of two anti-popes and many cardinals . It retained , however , a `` work of destruction '' aspect that French poets and writers such as Charles Forbes René de Montalembert have referred to over the centuries , with its powerful sense of beauty , simplicity , grandeur and immortality . Since 1995 , the Palais des Papes has been classified , along with the historic center of Avignon , as a UNESCO World Heritage Site , under cultural criteria i , ii and iv .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5ffa86f8d1543e2421782edea78d00ae",
"text": "Île Saint-Louis The Île Saint-Louis ( -LSB- il sɛ̃ lwi -RSB- ) is one of two natural islands in the Seine river , in Paris , France ( the other natural island is Île de la Cité ; the Île aux Cygnes is artificial ) . The Île Saint-Louis is connected to the rest of Paris by four bridges to both banks of the river and to the Île de la Cité by the Pont Saint-Louis . This island was formerly used for the grazing of market cattle and stocking wood . The island is located within the 4th arrondissement of Paris and has a population of 4,453 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d403e5a6845880b972eff8bff799b4e8",
"text": "Livre parisis The livre parisis ( -LSB- livʁ paʁizi -RSB- , Paris pound ) was a standard for minting French coins and a unit of account . Like the livre tournois , which was divided into 20 sols tournois each of 12 deniers tournois , the livre parisis was also divided into 20 sols parisis each of 12 deniers parisis , but the livre parisis was worth 25 sols tournois ( i.e. , the livre tournois was worth of the livre parisis ) . Each sol parisis was thus worth 15 deniers tournois , and each denier parisis worth deniers tournois . Before the seizure of the Anjou region around Tours by Philip II of France in 1203 , the livre parisis had been the official coin of the Capetian dynasty . The livre tournois quickly outstripped the livre parisis as a unit of account , and it ceased to exist as an actual coin under Louis IX . Despite this , a monetary unit of accounting based on the livre parisis continued to be used in the area around Paris and was not officially abolished until 1667 by Louis XIV of France .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fc8c1ceb4d532c1ee4bd569fe68f34f1",
"text": "Duke of Aquitaine The Duke of Aquitaine ( Duc d'Aquitània , Duc d'Aquitaine , -LSB- dyk dakitɛn -RSB- ) was the ruler of the ancient region of Aquitaine ( not to be confused with modern-day Aquitaine ) under the supremacy of Frankish , English , and later French kings . As successor states of the Visigothic Kingdom ( 418 -- 721 ) , Aquitania ( Aquitaine ) and Languedoc ( Toulouse ) inherited both Visigothic laws and Roman Law , which together allowed women more rights than their contemporaries would enjoy until the 20th century . Particularly under the Liber Judiciorum as codified 642/643 and expanded by the Code of Recceswinth in 653 , women could inherit land and title and manage it independently from their husbands or male relations , dispose of their property in legal wills if they had no heirs , represent themselves and bear witness in court from the age of 14 , and arrange for their own marriages after the age of 20 . As a consequence , male-preference primogeniture was the practiced succession law for the nobility .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f8aecdf7f1e013d8422a7abd0a8eb133",
"text": "Panel Histoire de Paris The `` Histoire de Paris '' plaques ( sometimes called Starck Oars because of their shape and their designer , Philippe Starck ) are information plaques scattered throughout the City of Paris in front of various Parisian monuments . In 1992 , Jacques Chirac , the then mayor of Paris , asked the JC Decaux company to install the plaques . Starck designed 767 panels . They appear to be in the shape of an oar , but are actually meant to recall a ship 's paddle , in honour of the Latin motto of the City of Paris , `` Fluctuat nec mergitur '' ( `` battered by the waves , but never capsized '' ) . The town of Paris pays 1.2 MEuros each year to the company JC Decaux . In the future these panels may be replaced by interactive kiosks . The plaques are fondly regarded by most Parisians , as they highlight the cultural and political history of Paris . The Neolithic period is the earliest era referred to , but there are 21st Century references , particularly to painters and writers . The only translations of the plaques into English is via the Paris by Plaque walking guide series , which translates the text and places it in historical context , explaining the references and providing photos .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "81ca2b2e1492f0b8110f12654703a993",
"text": "Paris Commune (French Revolution) The Paris Commune during the French Revolution was the government of Paris from 1792 until 1795 . Established in the Hôtel de Ville just after the storming of the Bastille , it consisted of 144 delegates elected by the 48 divisions of the city . The Paris Commune became insurrectionary in the summer of 1792 , essentially refusing to take orders from the central French government . It took charge of routine civic functions but is best known for mobilizing extreme views and actions among the people and for its campaign to dechristianize the churches and the people . It lost much power in 1794 and was replaced in 1795 . The first mayor was Jean Sylvain Bailly ; he was succeeded on November 1791 by Pétion de Villeneuve after Bailly 's unpopular use of the National Guard to disperse a riotous assembly in the Champ de Mars ( 17 July 1791 ) . In 1792 , the Commune was dominated by those Jacobins who were not in the Legislative Assembly due to the Self-Denying Ordinance . On the night of 9 August 1792 a new revolutionary Commune , led by Georges Danton , Camille Desmoulins and Jacques Hébert took possession of the Hôtel de Ville ; the next day insurgents assailed the Tuileries , where the royal family resided . During the ensuing constitutional crisis , the collapsing Legislative Assembly of France was heavily dependent on the Commune for the effective power that allowed it to continue to function as a legislature . The all-powerful Commune demanded custody of the royal family , imprisoning them in the Temple fortress . A list of `` opponents of the Revolution '' was drawn up , the gates to the city were sealed , and on 28 August the citizens were subjected to domiciliary visits , ostensibly in a search for muskets . It was not until 1792 that the government had a formal cabinet in place , with the appointment of the Ministers of the French National Convention and the decision of the Commissioners of the Committee of Public Safety in 1794 to take charge of administrative departments . The government of the republic was succeeded by the French Directory in November 1795 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2827b067f20b3d77b2bc00748aa5b73f",
"text": "Louis II, Duke of Bourbon Louis de Bourbon , called the Good ( 4 February 1337 -- 10 August 1410 ) , son of Peter de Bourbon and Isabella de Valois ( the sister of French King Philip VI ) , was the third Duke of Bourbon . Duke Louis is reported to have been somewhat mentally unstable , specifically having a trait of nervous breakdowns which is presumably hereditary ; this trait was also evidenced in his sister Joanna of Bourbon ( the wife of French King Charles V ) , his nephew Charles VI of France ( called `` The Mad '' ) , his father Duke Peter , and his grandfather Louis I , Duke of Bourbon . The teenage Louis inherited the duchy from his father Duke Peter I after his death in the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 . On August 19 , 1371 , he married Anne of Auvergne ( 1358 -- 1417 ) , Countess of Forez and a daughter of Beraud II , Dauphin of Auvergne , and his wife the Countess of Forez , and they had four children : Catherine of Bourbon ( b. 1378 ) , d. young John of Bourbon ( 1381 -- 1434 ) , Duke of Bourbon Louis of Bourbon ( 1388 -- 1404 ) , Sieur de Beaujeu Isabelle of Bourbon ( 1384 -- aft . 1451 ) In 1390 , Duke Louis launched the Barbary Crusade against the Hafsids of Tunis , in conjunction with the Genoese . Its objective was to suppress piracy based in the city of Mahdia , but the siege was unsuccessful . Duke Louis died at Montlucon in 1410 , at the age of 72 or 73 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aaf4600b8b3c1bc4af11ffcc72682e62",
"text": "Luxembourg Palace The Luxembourg Palace ( Palais du Luxembourg , -LSB- pa.lɛ dy lyk.sɑ̃.buːʁ -RSB- ) is located at 15 rue de Vaugirard in the 6th arrondissement of Paris . It was originally built ( 1615 -- 1645 ) to the designs of the French architect Salomon de Brosse to be the royal residence of the regent Marie de ' Medici , mother of Louis XIII of France . After the Revolution it was refashioned ( 1799 -- 1805 ) by Jean Chalgrin into a legislative building and subsequently greatly enlarged and remodeled ( 1835 -- 1856 ) by Alphonse de Gisors . Since 1958 it has been the seat of the French Senate of the Fifth Republic . Immediately west of the palace on the rue de Vaugirard is the Petit Luxembourg , now the residence of the Senate President ; and slightly further west , the Musée du Luxembourg , in the former orangery . On the south side of the palace , the formal Luxembourg Garden presents a 25-hectare green parterre of gravel and lawn populated with statues and large basins of water where children sail model boats .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "774e55b0e5b4cee95269f24d04a73067",
"text": "The Royal Palace (Bucharest) The Royal Palace in Bucharest is a monumental building situated in Bucharest , on Calea Victoriei . The large place in front of it was traditionally called `` Piața Palatului '' ( The Palace 's Place ) , but was renamed `` Piața Revoluției '' ( `` Revolution 's Square '' ) after the Romanian Revolution of 1989 . The Palace is the largest and most significant Royal residence in Romania , containing emblematic official spaces such as the Throne Hall ( Sala Tronului ) , the Royal Dining Hall ( Sufrageria Regală ) and the monumental Voivodes ' Staircase ( Scara Voievozilor ) . During World War II , a complete rebuild of the Palace 's Place was planned , in order to underline the Royal Palace 's full monumentality , but this architectural project was never completed . On December 30th , 1947 , a sudden Communist coup d'etat supported by the Soviet military ( that occupied Romania after the end of WWII ) forced HM King Michael I to sign an unconstitutional act of abdication and go in exile for 50 years . Romanian people was never consulted via a referendum . The Romanian Popular Republic was proclaimed the same evening , during a rigged Parliament assembly . After the installation of the Republican regime , the National Museum of Art of Romania was hosted in the Royal Palace . After the Romanian Revolution , HM King Michael and HM Queen Anne were allowed for a first visit in the country in April 1992 ( despite their attempts to do that immediately after the events ) . The two-day visit was a historical event , the press reporting more than one million people warmly greeting the King in the streets . After that , the Romanian post-Communist authorities denied him a second visit until 1997 , when a newly-installed government under Victor Ciorbea abolished the Communist decree that banned the King 's Romanian citizenship , effectively allowing him to regain ID documents and permanently move in the country . Since then , the Romanian Royal Family does regular public activities for Romania 's official representation worldwide . Since the Royal Palace presently hosts a museum , the Romanian Royal Family ( HM King Michael , HRH Crown Princess Margareta and the other members ) now uses Elisabeta Palace as its official residence in Bucharest .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2b6ba20213f3da53bb814d8bce5411ab",
"text": "Tuileries Palace The Tuileries Palace ( Palais des Tuileries , -LSB- palɛ de tɥilʁi -RSB- ) was a royal and imperial palace in Paris which stood on the right bank of the River Seine . It was the usual Parisian residence of most French monarchs , from Henry IV to Napoleon III , until it was burned by the Paris Commune in 1871 . Built in 1564 , it was gradually extended until it closed off the western end of the Louvre courtyard and displayed an immense façade of 266 metres . Since the destruction of the Tuileries , the Louvre courtyard has remained open and the site is now the location of the eastern end of the Tuileries Garden , forming an elevated terrace between the Place du Carrousel and the gardens proper .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d712ac1bba41125aa5bb47d7bf0d2c1f",
"text": "Charles V of France Charles V ( 21 January 1338 -- 16 September 1380 ) , called the Wise ( French : `` le Sage '' ) , was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1364 to his death . In 1349 , as a young prince , Charles received from his grandfather King Philip VI the province of Dauphiné to rule . This allowed him to bear the title `` Dauphin '' until his coronation , which led to the integration of the Dauphiné into the crown lands of France . After 1350 , all heirs apparent of France bore the title of Dauphin until their coronation . Charles became regent of France when his father John II was captured by the English at the Battle of Poitiers in 1356 . To pay the ransom , Charles raised taxes . As a result , he faced hostility from the nobility , led by Charles the Bad , King of Navarre ; the opposition of the French bourgeoisie , which was channeled through the Estates-General led by Etienne Marcel ; and with peasant revolts known as Jacqueries . Charles overcame all of these rebellions , but in order to liberate his father , he had to conclude the Treaty of Brétigny in 1360 , in which he abandoned large portions of south-western France to Edward III of England and agreed to pay a huge ransom . Charles became king in 1364 . With the help of talented advisers known as the Marmousets , his skillful management of the kingdom allowed him to replenish the royal treasury and to restore the prestige of the House of Valois . He established the first permanent army paid with regular wages , which liberated the French populace from the companies of routiers who regularly plundered the country when not employed . Led by Bertrand du Guesclin , the French Army was able to turn the tide of the Hundred Years ' War to Charles ' advantage , and by the end of Charles ' reign , they had reconquered almost all the territories ceded to the English in 1360 . Furthermore , the French Navy , led by Jean de Vienne , managed to attack the English coast for the first time since the beginning of the Hundred Years ' War . Charles V died in 1380 . He was succeeded by his son Charles VI the Mad , whose disastrous reign allowed the English to regain control of large parts of France .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "778478b2d1d8d910155feec730cc3719",
"text": "Descendants of Henry IV of France Henry IV of France was the first Bourbon king of France . Formerly known as Henri of Navarre , he succeeded to the French throne with the extinction of House of Valois , at the death of Henry III of France . His descendants are varied and numerous . Some of his descendants are Juan Carlos of Spain , Franz , Duke of Bavaria , Diana , Princess of Wales , actress Brooke Shields and singer and actress Jane Birkin . He had six children with his wife Marie de ' Medici and also had many illegitimate children with his many mistresses . This article deals with each of his children and their respective descendants .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
de180d5992c6472c976d70498b8cdae1 | The United States is over 3 million square miles. | [
{
"docid": "64b2d5472ff53b8ccf519c4471ea7a0a",
"text": "United States The United States of America ( USA ) , commonly known as the United States ( U.S. ) or America , is a constitutional federal republic composed of 50 states , a federal district , five major self-governing territories , and various possessions . Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico . The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America , bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west . The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean . The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea . Nine time zones are covered . The geography , climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse . At 3.8 million square miles ( 9.8 million km2 ) and with over 324 million people , the United States is the world 's third - or fourth-largest country by total area , third-largest by land area , and the third-most populous . It is one of the world 's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations , and is home to the world 's largest immigrant population . The capital is Washington , D.C. , and the largest city is New York City ; nine other major metropolitan areas -- each with at least 4.5 million inhabitants and the largest having more than 13 million people -- are Los Angeles , Chicago , Dallas , Houston , Philadelphia , Miami , Atlanta , Boston , and San Francisco . Paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago . European colonization began in the 16th century . The United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast . Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the colonies following the Seven Years ' War led to the American Revolution , which began in 1775 . On July 4 , 1776 , during the course of the American Revolutionary War , the colonies unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence . The war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain , representing the first successful war of independence against a European power . The current constitution was adopted in 1788 , after the Articles of Confederation , adopted in 1781 , were felt to have provided inadequate federal powers . The first ten amendments , collectively named the Bill of Rights , were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties . The United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century , displacing Native American tribes , acquiring new territories , and gradually admitting new states until it spanned the continent by 1848 . During the second half of the 19th century , the American Civil War led to the end of legal slavery in the country . By the end of that century , the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean , and its economy , driven in large part by the Industrial Revolution , began to soar . The Spanish -- American War and confirmed the country 's status as a global military power . The United States emerged from as a global superpower , the first country to develop nuclear weapons , the only country to use them in warfare , and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council . The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world 's sole superpower . The U.S. is a founding member of the United Nations , World Bank , International Monetary Fund , Organization of American States ( OAS ) , and other international organizations . The United States is a highly developed country , with the world 's largest economy by nominal GDP and second-largest economy by PPP . Though its population is only 4.3 % of the world total , Americans hold nearly 40 % of the total wealth in the world . The United States ranks among the highest in several measures of socioeconomic performance , including average wage , human development , per capita GDP , and productivity per person . While the U.S. economy is considered post-industrial , characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy , the manufacturing sector remains the second-largest in the world . Accounting for approximately a quarter of global GDP and a third of global military spending , the United States is the world 's foremost economic and military power . The United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally , and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "1324503cd8b963dafc63b698e9397d4a",
"text": "District of Columbia statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) , the micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) , and the combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) . Most recently on December 1 , 2009 , the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States , including a combined statistical area and a metropolitan statistical area in the District of Columbia . The district has no counties or other legal subdivisions . The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas . thumb | 578px | An enlargeable map of the Washington-Baltimore-Northern Virginia , DC-MD-VA-WV Combined Statistical Area __ TOC __",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "82f98c8f1e20f64c7d7a33a12764224b",
"text": "American way The American way of life or simply the American way is the unique lifestyle of the people of the United States of America . It refers to a nationalist ethos that adheres to the principle of life , liberty and the pursuit of happiness . At the center of the American way is the American Dream that upward mobility is achievable by any American through hard work . This concept is intertwined with the concept of American exceptionalism , the belief in the unique culture of the nation . Author William Herberg offers the following definition : One commentator notes , `` The first half of Herberg 's statement still holds true nearly half a century after he first formulated it '' , even though `` Herberg 's latter claims have been severely if not completely undermined ... materialism no longer needs to be justified in high-sounding terms '' . In the National Archives and Records Administration 's 1999 Annual Report , National Archivist John W. Carlin writes , `` We are different because our government and our way of life are not based on the divine right of kings , the hereditary privileges of elites , or the enforcement of deference to dictators . They are based on pieces of paper , the Charters of Freedom - the Declaration that asserted our independence , the Constitution that created our government , and the Bill of Rights that established our liberties . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "73052663377d9a4c9c89ba6eb2e882e6",
"text": "List of longest rivers of the United States (by main stem) The main stems of 38 rivers in the United States are at least 500 mi long . The main stem is `` the primary downstream segment of a river , as contrasted to its tributaries '' . The United States Geological Survey ( USGS ) defines a main-stem segment by listing coordinates for its two end points , called the source and the mouth . Well-known rivers like the Atchafalaya , Willamette , and Susquehanna are not included in this list because their main stems are shorter than 500 miles . Seven rivers in this list cross or form international boundaries . Two -- the Yukon and Columbia rivers -- begin in Canada and flow into the United States . Three -- the Milk and Saint Lawrence rivers and the Red River of the North -- begin in the United States and flow into Canada . Of these , only the Milk River crosses the international border twice , leaving and then re-entering the United States . Two rivers , the Colorado and the Rio Grande , begin in the United States and flow into or form a border with Mexico . In addition , the drainage basins of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers extend into Canada , and the basin of the Gila River extends into Mexico . Sources report hydrological quantities with varied precision . Biologist and author Ruth Patrick , describing a table of high-discharge U.S. rivers , wrote that data on discharge , drainage area , and length varied widely among authors whose works she consulted . `` It seems , '' she said , `` that the wisest course is to regard data tables such as the present one as showing the general ranks of rivers , and not to place too much importance on minor ( 10 -- 20 % ) differences in figures . ''",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "69086f0e68d12998c92e84a64e187b60",
"text": "National Landscape Conservation System The National Landscape Conservation System ( now known as the National Conservation Lands ) is a 35 e6acre collection of lands in 873 federally recognized areas considered to be the crown jewels of the American West . These lands represent 10 % of the 258 e6acre managed by the Bureau of Land Management ( BLM ) . The BLM is the largest federal public land manager and is responsible for over 40 % of all the federal public land in the nation . The other major federal public land managers include the US Forest Service ( USFS ) , National Park Service ( NPS ) , and the US Fish and Wildlife Service ( USFWS ) . Over the years , the Bureau of Land Management has had to adjust its approach to public land management to fit the changing needs of the nation . The BLM historically has managed lands under its jurisdiction for extractive uses , such as mining , logging , grazing , and oil and gas production . In 1983 , Congress acknowledged the value of watersheds , wildlife habitat , recreation , scenery , scientific exploration and other non-extractive uses with the designation of the first BLM-managed wilderness area -- the Bear Trap Canyon unit of the Lee Metcalf Wilderness in Montana . In 1996 , President Clinton underscored non-extractive priorities on BLM lands when he established the first national monument to be administered by the BLM -- the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument in southern Utah . With this and several similar designations , a new focus emerged that would become part of how the agency looks at the land it manages : the protection of special areas where conservation and restoration of the landscape and its biological or cultural resources is the overriding objective . The Bureau of Land Management 's National Landscape Conservation System , better known as the National Conservation Lands , was created in 2000 with the mission to `` conserve , protect , and restore these nationally significant landscapes that have outstanding cultural , ecological , and scientific values for the benefit of current and future generations . '' There are ten different federal conservation designations for the units that make up the National Conservation Lands : National Monument National Conservation Area Wilderness Area Wilderness Study Area National Wild and Scenic River National Scenic Trail National Historic Trail Cooperative Management and Protection Area Forest Reserve Outstanding Natural Area The Conservation System was created in 2000 , but without Congressional authorization , there was no guarantee that the System would be permanent . The National Landscape Conservation System Act was signed into law in March 2009 . The Act permanently unified the individual units as a public lands System , protecting the System in law so that it would no longer exist at the pleasure of each president . This marked the first new congressionally authorized public lands system in decades . The Conservation System act was included in the Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009 , which also added 1200000 acre of new designations to the System , including a National Monument , three National Conservation Areas , Wilderness , Wild and Scenic Rivers and National Scenic Trails .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0d53497190e85f48afb500258e3b49c1",
"text": "List of the major 3000-meter summits of the United States The following sortable table comprises the 302 mountain peaks of the United States with at least 3000 m of topographic elevation and at least 500 m of topographic prominence . The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways : The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level . The topographic prominence of a summit is a measure of how high the summit rises above its surroundings . The topographic isolation ( or radius of dominance ) of a summit measures how far the summit lies from its nearest point of equal elevation . In the United States , only Denali exceeds 6000 m elevation . Four major summits exceed 5000 m , nine exceed 4500 m , 104 major summits exceed 4000 m , 220 exceed 3500 m , and the following 302 major summits exceed 3000 m elevation . __ TOC __",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "14b3dc86e918fb818d41b412e0339f4e",
"text": "List of state universities in the United States In the United States , a state college or state university is one of the public colleges or universities funded by or associated with the state government . In some cases , these institutions of higher learning are part of a state university system , while in other cases they are not . Several U.S. territories also administer public colleges and universities . The U.S. federal government does not run colleges or universities except for the service academies , the Community College of the Air Force , the Naval Postgraduate School , the Air Force Institute of Technology , the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , military war colleges and staff colleges , and Haskell Indian Nations University . Additionally , Georgetown University , Gallaudet University , Howard University , and American University are private universities that are federally chartered . However , the federal government does make grants to state universities . These state , as well as private , universities are accredited by different regional , not national , accreditation agencies , including the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools , the New England Association of Schools and Colleges , the Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities , the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools , the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools , and the Western Association of Schools and Colleges , depending on which region of the United States the university is located in . These accreditation agencies ' approvals are critical to a university 's operations and public reputation . If a university loses accreditation or is not accredited in the first place , students will be reluctant to either continue or enroll at the school because the degree will be seen as being worthless . In a worst-case scenario , a university can shut down completely . The aforementioned agencies are all recognized by the United States Department of Education . Most state universities receive at least part of their funding from the state , although many have substantial income from tuition and fees , endowment proceeds , donations ( such as from alumni or philanthropists ) , and revenue from royalties . State universities usually offer lower tuition costs to in-state residents . According to the College Board , public four-year colleges charge on average $ 7,605 per year in tuition and fees for full-time in-state students and $ 11,990 for out-of-state students . In some states , e.g. Maryland , Tennessee , Indiana , and Washington , there is a campus designated as the `` flagship '' campus in the state 's university system , which generally is the most prestigious campus and the largest campus in student population , e.g. the University of Maryland College Park campus in the University System of Maryland , the Indiana University Bloomington campus in the Indiana University System , the University of Tennessee Knoxville campus in the University of Tennessee System , and the University of Washington 's Seattle campus in the University of Washington System . However , in some other states , the state universities are treated as equal partners ; therefore there is no officially recognized flagship campus in the state 's university system . There are a number of states that have more than one university system , e.g. California with 2 ; Colorado with 2 ; New York with 2 ; and Texas with 6 ( the most ) . Notes : As a general rule , schools are not alphabetized by their complete names , but rather by the names by which they are normally called . For example , in a list alphabetized by normal rules , `` Auburn University '' would precede `` University of Alabama , '' but the schools are virtually always referred to in popular conversation as `` Auburn '' and `` Alabama '' ( followed by a campus identifier if required by the context ) . Therefore , in this article , `` Alabama '' precedes `` Auburn '' . The list includes some of the more common academic nicknames or acronyms used for certain colleges or universities , e.g. `` Ole Miss '' for the University of Mississippi , `` Idaho State '' for Idaho State University , or `` UNF '' for the University of North Florida , not the `` Rebels '' , `` Bengals '' , or `` Ospreys '' , respectively . To minimize any confusion regarding acronyms , either the first school listed or the school that is more nationally known having an acronym the same as another has the acronym provided , e.g. San Diego State University has the acronym `` SDSU '' included because it is listed before South Dakota State University , and Arizona State University has the acronym `` ASU '' given because it is better known nationally than Alabama State . In addition , only acronyms that are unique are given , e.g. `` UW Tacoma '' for the University of Washington 's Tacoma campus or `` UNH '' for the University of New Hampshire . The list also includes schools that grant first-professional doctorates only ( e.g. , medical schools , law schools , or veterinary schools ) that are independent of any other school in a state system . To see a list of community colleges and technical centers in the United States that offer only associate 's degrees , visit the community colleges list . To see a list of tribal colleges and universities in the United States , visit the tribal colleges and universities list .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "a40fe3c66b028050026295869980039b",
"text": "Arizona census statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) , the micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) , and the combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) . Most recently on December 1 , 2009 , the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States , including six metropolitan statistical areas and four micropolitan statistical areas in the State of Arizona . The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas and the 15 counties of Arizona . thumb | right | 468px | An enlargeable map of the 15 counties of the State of Arizona __ TOC __",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "91cd96b470cd0b7bfdb5f4e32d6df391",
"text": "Geography of Oklahoma The Geography of Oklahoma encompasses terrain and ecosystems ranging from arid plains to subtropical forests and mountains . Oklahoma contains 10 distinct ecological regions , more per square mile than in any other state by a wide margin . One of six states on the Frontier Strip , it is situated in the Great Plains and U.S. Interior Highlands region near the geographical center of the 48 contiguous states . Usually considered part of the South Central United States , Oklahoma is bounded on the east by Arkansas and Missouri , on the north by Kansas , on the northwest by Colorado , on the far west by New Mexico , and on the south and near-west by Texas . The state has four primary mountain ranges : the Arbuckle Mountains , the Wichita Mountains , the Ozark Mountains and the Ouachita Mountains . Part of the U.S. Interior Highlands region , the Ozarks and Ouachitas form the only major highland region between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachians . A portion of the Flint Hills stretches into north-central Oklahoma , and in the state 's southeastern corner , Cavanal Hill is officially regarded as the world 's tallest hill ; at 1,999 feet ( 609 m ) , it fails the definition of a mountain by one foot . More than 500 named creeks and rivers make up Oklahoma 's waterways , and with 200 lakes created by dams , it holds the highest number of reservoirs in the nation . Oklahoma covers an area of 69,898 sqmi , with 68,667 sqmi of land and 1,231 sqmi of water , making it the 20th-largest state in the United States . Generally , it is divided into seven geographical regions : Green Country , or Northeast Oklahoma , Southeastern Oklahoma , Central Oklahoma , South Central Oklahoma , Southwest Oklahoma , Northwest Oklahoma , and the Oklahoma Panhandle .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "60f8a7596cc9b299b74c27d03192d9b9",
"text": "Louisiana statistical areas The statistical areas of the United States of America comprise the metropolitan statistical areas ( MSAs ) , the micropolitan statistical areas ( μSAs ) , and the combined statistical areas ( CSAs ) currently defined by the United States Office of Management and Budget ( OMB ) . Most recently on December 1 , 2009 , the Office of Management and Budget defined 1067 statistical areas for the United States , including 7 combined statistical areas , 8 metropolitan statistical areas , and 17 micropolitan statistical areas in the State of Louisiana . The table below shows the recent population of these statistical areas and the 64 parishes of Louisiana . thumb | 521px | An enlargeable map of the 64 parishes of the State of Louisiana __ TOC __",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5babcd801020d3d568da5a3ac6d4916f",
"text": "Urban area An urban area is a human settlement with high population density and infrastructure of built environment . Urban areas are created through urbanization and are categorized by urban morphology as cities , towns , conurbations or suburbs . In urbanism , the term contrasts to rural areas such as villages and hamlets and in urban sociology or urban anthropology it contrasts with natural environment . The creation of early predecessors of urban areas during the urban revolution led to the creation of human civilization with modern urban planning , which along with other human activities such as exploitation of natural resources leads to human impact on the environment . The world 's urban population in 1950 of just 746 million has increased to 3.9 billion in the decades since . In 2009 , the number of people living in urban areas ( 3.42 billion ) surpassed the number living in rural areas ( 3.41 billion ) and since then the world has become more urban than rural . This was the first time that the majority of the world 's population lived in a city . In 2014 there were 7.25 billion people living on the planet , of which the global urban population comprised 3.9 billion . The Population Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs at that time predicted the urban population would grow to 6.4 billion by 2050 , with 37 % of that growth to come from three countries : China , India and Nigeria . Urban areas are created and further developed by the process of urbanization . Urban areas are measured for various purposes , including analyzing population density and urban sprawl . Unlike an urban area , a metropolitan area includes not only the urban area , but also satellite cities plus intervening rural land that is socio-economically connected to the urban core city , typically by employment ties through commuting , with the urban core city being the primary labor market .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "265e522b29c492fb85a0a5379f0100ba",
"text": "Piedmont Crescent The Piedmont Crescent , also known as the Piedmont Urban Crescent , is a large , polycentric urbanized region in the U.S. state of North Carolina that forms the northern section of the rapidly developing Piedmont Atlantic megalopolis ( or `` megaregion '' ) , a conurbation also known as the `` I-85 Boombelt '' , which extends from the Raleigh area ) to Atlanta , Georgia in the southeastern United States . Residents commonly attribute development of the Crescent communities to the Indian Trading Path and related settlements established by indigenous peoples long before European contact . The Trading Path was also used by European traders , and later by settlers entering the backcountry regions of the piedmont of North Carolina , South Carolina and Georgia . Forming the shape of a crescent in North Carolina , the region is located in the central Piedmont area of the state . European-American settlement progressed generally from the east to the west , from what is now metropolitan Raleigh-Durham and the Research Triangle area at its eastern edge , through the Piedmont Triad cities of Greensboro and Winston-Salem at its center , and southwest to metropolitan Charlotte . This region has undergone sustained population and economic growth ( acutely in the Charlotte and Raleigh areas ) since the late 19th century , a trend that has accelerated since the late 20th century . It is notable as the fourth-largest manufacturing region in the country , as well as an international center of banking and finance , textiles , biotech and high technology . The region includes seven of North Carolina 's eight largest cities and encompasses many smaller cities , towns and suburban areas , as well as the metropolitan centers of the Research Triangle , Piedmont Triad , and Charlotte Metropolitan Area . It is home to almost two-thirds of North Carolina 's population . Ten major universities -- Duke , NC State , UNC Chapel Hill , UNC Charlotte , NC Central , Wake Forest , UNC-Greensboro , NC A&T State University , Elon University and High Point University -- and three international airports ( CLT , RDU and GSO ) , as well as the world-renowned Research Triangle Park , also are located in the region . Its three Combined Statistical Areas have a total population of about 6 million people ( Raleigh-Durham , 1.98 million ; Greensboro , High Point , Winston-Salem , 1.66 million ; and Charlotte , 2.62 million ) , together representing over 63 % of the state 's total population . The Piedmont Crescent name is thought to have been coined when the North Carolina Railroad company first laid tracks through the area in 1855-56 . The railway , which was named the `` Piedmont Crescent Railroad '' , brought extensive growth to the communities along its route . These evolved to comprise today 's interlinked urbanized region . Although the freight and passenger rail corridor remains of critical importance , the region 's Interstate 85 and Interstate 40 freeway system serves as its primary transportation link today .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9e983e3b69889120a5b5bb2a829f2121",
"text": "List of urbanized areas in Florida (by population) The United States Census Bureau defines an Urbanized Area to be `` one or more places ( ` central place ' ) and the adjacent densely settled surrounding territory ( ` urban fringe ' ) that together have a minimum of 50,000 persons . '' There are a number of rules specifying what is included in the urban fringe , but it `` generally consists of contiguous territory having a density of at least 1,000 persons per square mile '' . Urbanized Areas often form the cores of Metropolitan Statistical Areas , and as they comprise census tracts rather than local political subdivisions ( counties , in Florida ) , they are generally smaller than the corresponding Metropolitan Statistical Area . A Metropolitan Statistical Area may have more than one Urbanized Area within its boundaries , and an Urbanized Area may extend into more than one Metropolitan Statistical Area . As of 2010 , the US Census Bureau has defined thirty Urbanized Areas in Florida .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2229621244b8d22c2be118929dab37ae",
"text": "Place (United States Census Bureau) The United States Census Bureau defines a place as a concentration of population which has a name , is locally recognized , and is not part of any other place . A place typically has a residential nucleus and a closely spaced street pattern , and it frequently includes commercial property and other urban land uses . A place may be an incorporated place ( a self-governing city , town , or village ) or it may be a census-designated place ( CDP ) . Incorporated places are defined by the laws of the states in which they are contained . The Census Bureau delineates CDPs . A small settlement in the open countryside or the densely settled fringe of a large city may not be a place as defined by the Census Bureau . As of the 1990 Census , only 26 % of the people in the United States lived outside of places .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5b8a2da7d2c76af7c1b05c8dc7c9e959",
"text": "History of the United States The date of the start of the history of the United States is a subject of debate among historians . Older textbooks start with the arrival of Christopher Columbus on October 12 , 1492 and emphasize the European background of the colonization of the Americas , or they start around 1600 and emphasize the American frontier . In recent decades American schools and universities typically have shifted back in time to include more on the colonial period and much more on the prehistory of the Native Americans . Indigenous people lived in what is now the United States for thousands of years before European colonists began to arrive , mostly from England , after 1600 . The Spanish built small settlements in Florida and the Southwest , and the French along the Mississippi River and the Gulf Coast . By the 1770s , thirteen British colonies contained two and a half million people along the Atlantic coast east of the Appalachian Mountains . After the end of the French and Indian Wars in the 1760s , the British government imposed a series of new taxes , rejecting the colonists ' argument that any new taxes had to be approved by them ( see Stamp Act 1765 ) . Tax resistance , especially the Boston Tea Party ( 1773 ) , led to punitive laws ( the Intolerable Acts ) by Parliament designed to end self-government in Massachusetts . American Patriots ( as they called themselves ) adhered to a political ideology called republicanism that emphasized civic duty , virtue , and opposition to corruption , fancy luxuries and aristocracy . Armed conflict began in 1775 as Patriots drove the royal officials out of every colony and assembled in mass meetings and conventions . In 1776 , the Second Continental Congress declared that there was a new , independent nation , the United States of America , not just a collection of disparate colonies . With large-scale military and financial support from France and the military leadership of General George Washington , the American Patriots won the Revolutionary War . The peace treaty of 1783 gave the new nation the land east of the Mississippi River ( except Florida and Canada ) . The central government established by the Articles of Confederation proved ineffectual at providing stability , as it had no authority to collect taxes and had no executive officer . Congress called a convention to meet secretly in Philadelphia in 1787 . It wrote a new Constitution , which was adopted in 1789 . In 1791 , a Bill of Rights was added to guarantee inalienable rights . With Washington as the first president and Alexander Hamilton his chief political and financial adviser , a strong central government was created . When Thomas Jefferson became president he purchased the Louisiana Territory from France , doubling the size of the United States . A second and final war with Britain was fought in 1812 . Encouraged by the notion of Manifest Destiny , federal territory expanded all the way to the Pacific . The U.S. always was large in terms of area , but its population was small , only 4 million in 1790 . Population growth was rapid , reaching 7.2 million in 1810 , 32 million in 1860 , 76 million in 1900 , 132 million in 1940 , and 321 million in 2015 . Economic growth in terms of overall GDP was even faster . However , compared to European powers , the nation 's military strength was relatively limited in peacetime before 1940 . The expansion was driven by a quest for inexpensive land for yeoman farmers and slave owners . The expansion of slavery was increasingly controversial and fueled political and constitutional battles , which were resolved by compromises . Slavery was abolished in all states north of the Mason -- Dixon line by 1804 , but the South continued to profit off the institution , producing high-value cotton exports to feed increasing high demand in Europe . The 1860 presidential election of Republican Abraham Lincoln was on a platform of ending the expansion of slavery and putting it on a path to extinction . Seven cotton-based deep South slave states seceded and later founded the Confederacy four months before Lincoln 's inauguration . No nation ever recognized the Confederacy , but it opened the war by attacking Fort Sumter in 1861 . A surge of nationalist outrage in the North fueled a long , intense American Civil War ( 1861 -- 1865 ) . It was fought largely in the South as the overwhelming material and manpower advantages of the North proved decisive in a long war . The war 's result was restoration of the Union , the impoverishment of the South , and the abolition of slavery . In the Reconstruction era ( 1863 -- 1877 ) , legal and voting rights were extended to the freed slave . The national government emerged much stronger , and because of the Fourteenth Amendment in 1868 , it gained the explicit duty to protect individual rights . However , when white Democrats regained their power in the South during the 1870s , often by paramilitary suppression of voting , they passed Jim Crow laws to maintain white supremacy , and new disfranchising constitutions that prevented most African Americans and many poor whites from voting , a situation that continued for decades until gains of the civil rights movement in the 1960s and passage of federal legislation to enforce constitutional rights . The United States became the world 's leading industrial power at the turn of the 20th century due to an outburst of entrepreneurship in the Northeast and Midwest and the arrival of millions of immigrant workers and farmers from Europe . The national railroad network was completed with the work of Chinese immigrants and large-scale mining and factories industrialized the Northeast and Midwest . Mass dissatisfaction with corruption , inefficiency and traditional politics stimulated the Progressive movement , from the 1890s to 1920s , which led to many social and political reforms . In 1920 , the 19th Amendment to the Constitution guaranteed women 's suffrage ( right to vote ) . This followed the 16th and 17th amendments in 1913 , which established the first national income tax and direct election of US senators to Congress . Initially neutral during World War I , the US declared war on Germany in 1917 and later funded the Allied victory the following year . After a prosperous decade in the 1920s , the Wall Street Crash of 1929 marked the onset of the decade-long worldwide Great Depression . Democratic President Franklin D. Roosevelt ended the Republican dominance of the White House and implemented his New Deal programs for relief , recovery , and reform . The New Deal , which defined modern American liberalism , included relief for the unemployed , support for farmers , Social Security and a minimum wage . After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 , 1941 , the United States entered World War II along with Britain , the Soviet Union , China , and the smaller number of Allied nations . The U.S. financed the Allied war effort and helped defeat Nazi Germany in the European theater . Its involvement culminated in using the newly invented nuclear weapons on Japanese cities that helped defeat Imperial Japan in the Pacific theater . The United States and the Soviet Union emerged as rival superpowers after World War II . During the Cold War , the US and the USSR confronted each other indirectly in the arms race , the Space Race , proxy wars , and propaganda campaigns . US foreign policy during the Cold War was built around the support of Western Europe and Japan along with the policy of containment , stopping the spread of communism . The US joined the wars in Korea and Vietnam to try to stop its spread . In the 1960s , in large part due to the strength of the civil rights movement , another wave of social reforms were enacted by enforcing the constitutional rights of voting and freedom of movement to African-Americans and other racial minorities . Native American activism also rose . The Cold War ended when the Soviet Union officially dissolved in 1991 , leaving the United States as the world 's only superpower . After the Cold War , the United States focused on international conflicts around the Middle East in response to the Gulf War in the early 1990s . The beginning of the 21st century saw the September 11 attacks by Al-Qaeda in 2001 , which would later followed by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan . In 2008 , the United States had its worst economic crisis since the Great Depression , which has been followed by slower than usual rates of economic growth during the 2010s .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fdc42be65eb2d43bfe8fef54d596a66a",
"text": "Roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit The roads and freeways in metropolitan Detroit comprise the main thoroughfares in the region . The freeways consist of an advanced network of interconnecting freeways which include Interstate highways . The Metro Detroit region 's extensive toll-free freeway system , together with its status as a major port city , provide advantages to its location as a global business center . There are no toll roads in Michigan . Detroiters may refer to freeways by the formal name more often where one has been designated rather than route number . Other freeways without formal names are known by the number such as I‑275 and M‑59 . M‑53 , while not officially designated may be locally referred to by its name `` Van Dyke '' . Detroit area freeways are typically sunken below ground level to permit local traffic to pass over the freeway and for appearance . Following a historic fire in 1805 , Judge Augustus B. Woodward devised a plan similar to Pierre Charles L'Enfant 's design for Washington , D.C. . Detroit 's monumental avenues and traffic circles fan out in a baroque styled radial fashion from Grand Circus Park in the heart of the city 's theater district , which facilitates traffic patterns along the city 's tree-lined boulevards and parks . The ` Woodward plan ' proposed a system of hexagonal street blocks , with the Grand Circus at its center . Wide avenues , alternatively 200 ft and 120 ft , would emanate from large circular plazas like spokes from the hub of a wheel . As the city grew these would spread in all directions from the banks of the Detroit River . When Woodward presented his proposal , Detroit had fewer than 1,000 residents . Elements of the plan were implemented . Most prominent of these are the five main `` spokes '' of Woodward , Michigan , Gratiot , Grand River and Jefferson Avenues . The Mile Road System in Metro Detroit and Southeast Michigan facilitates ease of navigation in the region . It was established as a way to delineate east -- west roads through the Detroit area and the surrounding rural rim . The Mile Road system , and its most famous road , 8 Mile Road , came about largely as a result of the Land Ordinance of 1785 , which established the basis for the Public Land Survey System in which land throughout the Northwest Territory was surveyed and divided into survey townships by reference to a baseline ( east -- west line ) and meridian ( north -- south line ) . In Southeast Michigan , many roads would be developed parallel to the base line and the meridian , and many of the east -- west roads would be incorporated into the Mile Road System . The Mile Road System extended easterly into Detroit , but is interrupted , because much of Detroit 's early settlements and farms were based on early French land grants that were aligned northwest-to-southeast with frontage along the Detroit River and on later development along roads running into downtown Detroit in a star pattern , such as Woodward , Jefferson , Grand River , Gratiot , and Michigan Avenues , developed by Augustus Woodward in imitation of Washington , D.C. 's system . As Detroit grew , several Mile Roads were given new names within the city borders , while some roads incorporated as part of the Mile Road System have traditionally been known by their non-mile names . It is unclear if they ever bore mile numbers formally . The baseline used in the survey of Michigan lands runs along 8 Mile Road , which is approximately eight miles directly north of the junction of Woodward Avenue and Michigan Avenue in downtown Detroit . As a result , the direct east -- west portion of Michigan Avenue , and M‑153 ( Ford Road ) west of Wyoming Avenue , forms the `` zero mile '' baseline for this mile road system . The precise point of origin is located in Campus Martius Park , marked by a medallion embedded in the stone walkway . It is situated in the western point of the diamond surrounding Woodward Fountain , just in front of the Fountain Bistro .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fd65b4b61a4dde3974ee541173b2a8aa",
"text": "South Dakota South Dakota ( -LSB- saʊθ_dəˈkoʊtə -RSB- -LSB- -LSB- ˌsɑʊθ dəˈko̞ɾə -RSB- -RSB- ) is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States . It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux Native American tribes , who compose a significant portion of the population and historically dominated the entire territory . South Dakota is the 17th most expansive , but the 5th least populous and the 5th least densely populated of the 50 United States . Once the southern portion of the Dakota Territory , South Dakota became a state on November 2 , 1889 , simultaneously with North Dakota . Pierre is the state capital and Sioux Falls , with a population of about 171,000 , is South Dakota 's largest city . South Dakota is bordered by the states of North Dakota ( on the north ) , Minnesota ( to the east ) , Iowa ( to the southeast ) , Nebraska ( on the south ) , Wyoming ( on the west ) , and Montana ( to the northwest ) . The state is bisected by the Missouri River , dividing South Dakota into two geographically and socially distinct halves , known to residents as `` East River '' and `` West River '' . Eastern South Dakota is home to most of the state 's population , and fertile soil in this area is used to grow a variety of crops . West of the Missouri , ranching is the predominant agricultural activity , and the economy is more dependent on tourism and defense spending . Most of the Native American reservations are located in West River . The Black Hills , a group of low pine-covered mountains sacred to the Sioux , are located in the southwest part of the state . Mount Rushmore , a major tourist destination , is located there . South Dakota experiences a temperate continental climate , with four distinct seasons and precipitation ranging from moderate in the east to semi-arid in the west . The ecology of the state features species typical of a North American grassland biome . Humans have inhabited the area for several millennia , with the Sioux becoming dominant by the early 19th century . In the late 19th century , European-American settlement intensified after a gold rush in the Black Hills and the construction of railroads from the east . Encroaching miners and settlers triggered a number of Indian wars , ending with the Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890 . Key events in the 20th century included the Dust Bowl and Great Depression , increased federal spending during the 1940s and 50s for agriculture and defense , and an industrialization of agriculture that has much reduced family farming . While several Democratic senators have represented South Dakota for multiple terms at the federal level , the state government is largely controlled by the Republican Party , whose nominees have carried South Dakota in each of the last 13 presidential elections . Historically dominated by an agricultural economy and a rural lifestyle , South Dakota has recently sought to diversify its economy in areas to attract and retain residents . South Dakota 's history and rural character still strongly influence the culture of the state .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "04179ffd0b24af2a17c37155a2197628",
"text": "List of place names of French origin in the United States Several thousand place names in the United States have names of French origin , some a legacy of past French exploration and rule over much of the land and some in honor of French help during the American Revolution and the founding of the country ( see also : New France and French in the United States ) . Others were named after early Americans of French , especially Huguenot , ancestry ( Marion , Revere , Fremont , Lanier , Sevier , Macon , Decatur , etc. ) . Some places received their names as a consequence of French colonial settlement ( e.g. Baton Rouge , Detroit , New Orleans , Saint Louis ) . Nine state capitals are French words or of French origin ( Baton Rouge , Boise , Des Moines , Juneau , Montgomery , Montpelier , Pierre , Richmond , Saint Paul ) - not even counting Little Rock ( originally `` La Petite Roche '' ) or Cheyenne ( a French rendering of a Lakota word ) , compared to only two that are Spanish ( Sacramento and Santa Fe ) . Fifteen state names are either French words / origin ( Delaware , New Jersey , Louisiana , Maine , Oregon , Vermont ) or Native American words rendered by French speakers ( Arkansas , Illinois , Iowa , Kansas , Michigan , Mississippi , Mississippi , Ohio , Wisconsin ) , versus nine state names that are Spanish or Spanish rendered ( Montana , California , Colorado , Florida , Montana , Nevada , New Mexico , Texas , Utah ) . The suffix '' - ville , '' from the French word for `` city '' is common for town and city names throughout the United States . Many originally French place names , possibly hundreds , in the Midwest and Upper West were replaced with directly translated English names once American settlers became locally dominant ( e.g. `` La Petite Roche '' became Little Rock ; `` Baie Verte '' became Green Bay ; `` Grandes Fourches '' became Grand Forks ) . In contrast , Spanish place names in the Southwest were generally not replaced by English names .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3e27ff8b9cdfb1b16ff2facd7c1985db",
"text": "List of the highest major summits of the United States The following sortable table comprises the 200 highest mountain peaks of the United States with at least 500 m of topographic prominence . The summit of a mountain or hill may be measured in three principal ways : The topographic elevation of a summit measures the height of the summit above a geodetic sea level . The topographic prominence of a summit is a measure of how high the summit rises above its surroundings . The topographic isolation ( or radius of dominance ) of a summit measures how far the summit lies from its nearest point of equal elevation . In the United States , only Denali exceeds 6000 m elevation . Four major summits exceed 5000 m , nine exceed 4500 m , 104 exceed 4000 m , 220 exceed 3500 m , and 302 major summits exceed 3000 m elevation . __ TOC __",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "130fc1ff9ed826ce18b4bffd478ea6d4",
"text": "List of belt regions of the United States The belt regions of the United States are portions of the country that share certain characteristics . The `` belt '' terminology was first applied to growing regions for various crops , which often follow lines of latitude because those are more likely to have similar climates . The allusion was to a long clothing belt , as seen on a map . The usage has expanded to other climatic , economic , and cultural concentrations . These regions are not formally defined ; they frequently overlap and have vague borders . The terminology is also used outside the U.S. ( e.g. , India 's Hindi Belt ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5ad465a94b15f3b24572c674db0e409f",
"text": "Laurentide Ice Sheet The Laurentide Ice Sheet was a massive sheet of ice that covered millions of square kilometers , including most of Canada and a large portion of the northern United States , multiple times during the Quaternary glacial epochs -- from 2.588 ± 0.005 million years ago to the present . < ref name = `` ICS2013 '' > </ref> The last advance covered most of northern North America between c. 95,000 and c. 20,000 years before the present day , and among other geomorphological effects , gouged out the five Great Lakes and the hosts of smaller lakes of the Canadian shield . These lakes extend from the eastern Northwest Territories , through most of northern Canada , and the upper Midwestern United States ( Minnesota , Wisconsin , and Michigan ) to the Finger Lakes , through Lake Champlain and Lake George areas of New York , across the northern Appalachians into and through all of New England and Nova Scotia . At times , the ice sheet 's southern margin included the present-day sites of northeastern coastal towns and cities such as Portsmouth , New Hampshire , Boston , New York City , and Great Lakes coastal cities and towns as far south as Chicago and St. Louis , Missouri -- and then followed quite precisely the present course of the Missouri River up to the northern slopes of the Cypress Hills , beyond which it merged with the Cordilleran Ice Sheet . The ice coverage extended approximately as far south as 38 degrees latitude in the mid-continent .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
df2247253628f0ab99ca85d77ef65e2b | Patricia Clarkson acts in No Reservations. | [
{
"docid": "770b562493d468fc8ff4e2a9f4df7314",
"text": "No Reservations (film) No Reservations is a 2007 American romantic comedy-drama film directed by Scott Hicks . Starring Catherine Zeta-Jones , Aaron Eckhart and Abigail Breslin , the screenplay by Carol Fuchs is an adaptation of an original script by Sandra Nettelbeck , which served as the basis for the 2001 German film Mostly Martha , and revolves around a hard-edged chef whose life is turned upside down when she decides to take in her young niece following a tragic accident that killed her sister . Patricia Clarkson , Bob Balaban and Jenny Wade co-star , with Brían F. O'Byrne , Lily Rabe , and Zoe Kravitz -- appearing in her first feature film -- playing supporting roles . The film received a mixed reception by critics , who found it `` predictable and too melancholy for the genre '' , resulting in a 41 % overall approval rating from Rotten Tomatoes . Upon its opening release on July 27 , 2007 in the United States and Canada , No Reservations became a moderate commercial success : The film grossed $ 12 million in its opening weekend , eventually grossing over $ 43 million at the domestic box-office and over $ 92 million worldwide . Breslin was nominated for a Young Artist Award for her performance .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "46ab44bb9b39d7b67bc8f358287f0730",
"text": "Patricia Mauceri Patricia Mauceri ( born April 7 , 1950 ) is an American actress most recognized for her role as Carlotta Vega on the ABC soap opera , One Life to Live .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "825297ca76bdb0b6f8a628e491b4451d",
"text": "Gotham Independent Film Awards 2010 The 20th Annual Gotham Independent Film Awards were held on November 29 , 2010 . The nominees were announced on October 18 , 2010 . The ceremony was hosted by Patricia Clarkson and Stanley Tucci .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "24b3b410d7202bb2d4ff7e119bfb1d13",
"text": "Margaret Clarkson Margaret Clarkson ( born August 13 , 1941 ) was born in Rotherham England and trained as an artist at Rotherham School of Art and Bromley College of Art . Later she became an art teacher in South Yorkshire . Clarkson works mainly with water colours and is best known for nostalic scenes set in 1940s and 1950s England . She is known for her paintings , limited edition prints and greeting cards which have been exhibited in galleries and art retail outlets throughout UK , including the National Trust in England , Wales and Northern Ireland . Commissions of her work have included book illustrations such as in the autobiography Life in a Liberty Bodice . Random recollections of a Yorkshire childhood . Clarkson is a member of the Fine Art Trade Guild and was a finalist in their Best Selling Published Artist awards in 2006 , 2007 and 2008 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "72ff7bf42e4bc11e9c558d326e6ac8c5",
"text": "No Place Like Home (Wentworth) `` No Place Like Home '' is the first episode of Wentworth . The episode primarily centres around Bea Smith . This episode introduced the major characters Bea , Franky , Liz , Doreen , Jacs , Vera , Erica , Will , Boomer , Harry and Debbie . The main plot of the episode centers around Bea trying to fit into prison life while it tells her story of her being regularly abused by her husband . Other storylines feature the rivalry between Jacs and Franky which results in a riot which kills governor Meg Jackson .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "02c14c6476c63dff0976061e04c98684",
"text": "Central Reservation (song) `` Central Reservation '' is a song by Beth Orton , released as a single in 1999 . It was released as the second single from the album of the same title , using the `` Then Again version '' of the song instead of the original acoustic version . It peaked at # 37 in the UK Singles Chart . A video to promote the single was filmed in New York City , produced by Sophie Muller .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c839b1d6c5a79392fee691e3952ed227",
"text": "Pat Klous Patricia `` Pat '' Klous ( born October 19 , 1948 ) is an American television actress and former model , best known for her roles as stewardess Marcy Bower on the CBS TV series Flying High ( 1978 -- 79 ) and as cruise director Judy McCoy on the ABC sitcom The Love Boat ( 1984 -- 86 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "62f7ed2429badbffbefe64ac65fcf4cf",
"text": "Patricia Arquette Patricia Arquette ( born April 8 , 1968 ) is an American actress . She made her film debut in A Nightmare on Elm Street 3 : Dream Warriors ( 1987 ) at the age of eighteen . Her notable films include Tony Scott 's True Romance ( 1993 ) , Tim Burton 's Ed Wood ( 1994 ) , David O. Russell 's Flirting with Disaster ( 1996 ) , David Lynch 's Lost Highway ( 1997 ) , Stephen Frears 's The Hi-Lo Country ( 1998 ) , Martin Scorsese 's Bringing Out the Dead ( 1999 ) , and Andrew Davis 's Holes ( 2003 ) . For her performance in Richard Linklater 's Boyhood ( 2014 ) , which was filmed from 2002 until 2014 , she received widespread critical praise and won the Academy Award , BAFTA Award , Critics ' Choice Award , Golden Globe Award , Independent Spirit Award , and SAG Award for Best Supporting Actress . Arquette 's Academy Award acceptance speech , which she used to bring female wage inequality to attention , received widespread news coverage . On television , she played the character Allison DuBois -- based on the author and medium Allison DuBois , who claims to have psychic abilities -- in the supernatural drama series Medium ( 2005 -- 11 ) . She received three Golden Globe nominations and two Emmy Award nominations , winning the Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama in 2005 . Arquette also appeared in the CSI franchise as Avery Ryan , the Deputy Director of the FBI , starring in CSI : Cyber ( 2015 -- 16 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d1cc58d3832719024f21c23ed2d5e9e1",
"text": "Patricia Potter Patricia Caroline Potter ( born 3 March 1975 ) is an English actress . Best known for her role as Diane Lloyd in the popular BBC medical drama Holby City , Potter has acted on stage , television , and in film . She married her partner , doctor Jim Down , in May 2007 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b57de5f2674dea70c1cb6e0a25e44357",
"text": "Because of You (Kelly Clarkson song) `` Because of You '' is a song recorded by American pop singer Kelly Clarkson for her second studio album , Breakaway ( 2004 ) . It was written by Clarkson along with its producers David Hodges and Ben Moody . It was released on August 16 , 2005 by RCA Records , as the third single from Breakaway . Clarkson originally wrote `` Because of You '' when she was 16 years old to cope with the emotional distress caused by her parents ' divorce . She wanted the song to be included on her debut studio album , Thankful ( 2003 ) , but her record label rejected the song . She then polished the song with Hodges and Moody before successfully convincing her label to include it on Breakaway . Lyrically , `` Because of You '' explores the pain of a deteriorating relationship with her father . Critics noted that the lyrics are Clarkson 's ode to her father . The song begins with a piano-led melody and as it launches into the chorus , the sound of a roaring guitar becomes apparent . `` Because of You '' received acclaim from music critics , who complimented its expressive lyrics , creative arrangement and Clarkson 's vocal prowess . It peaked at number seven on the Billboard Hot 100 and sold over 1.5 million digital downloads in the United States . It was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . `` Because of You '' became Clarkson 's biggest success in Europe , topping the European Hot 100 Singles chart . It also reached number one in the Netherlands , Denmark and Switzerland , as well as the top ten in Australia , Austria , Canada , Germany , Belgium , Hungary , Ireland , and the United Kingdom . The song 's accompanying music video was directed by Vadim Perelman . Clarkson wrote the treatment for the video herself in order to reflect the pain that she felt due to her parents ' divorce . The video 's plot centers on Clarkson engaging in a heated argument with her husband in front of her child before realizing that she was repeating her parents ' mistake . It won in the category for Best Female Video at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards . `` Because of You '' was performed live at numerous venues , including the My December Tour ( 2007 ) as well as the All I Ever Wanted Tour ( 2009 ) . It was covered by several artists including Ronan Parke , who was a runner-up in the fifth series of Britain 's Got Talent , and added to the international soundtrack of Brazilian soap opera Belíssima . In 2007 , the song was recorded by Reba McEntire as a duet with Clarkson , which was released as a lead single for McEntire 's twenty-fourth studio album Reba : Duets . `` Piece by Piece '' , the title track from Clarkson 's seventh studio album , serves as the canonical sequel to `` Because of You '' .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9c10d87392dd4a4850363c563d969e80",
"text": "The Nonentity The Nonentity is a 1922 British silent adventure film directed by Sinclair Hill and starring Annette Benson , Hugh Buckler and Daisy Campbell . The screenplay concerns an aristocrat who goes undercover in British India to rescue a woman .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "088c7ff3fce3405a5a1756fd68bc8d0a",
"text": "The Jane Show The Jane Show is a Canadian television sitcom produced by Shaftesbury Films that was shown on Global from 2006 to 2007 . The series stars Teresa Pavlinek as Jane Black , an aspiring novelist who takes a corporate job after her life undergoes a major upheaval . Pavlinek was also a cocreator , producer and writer for the series . The show 's cast also included Patricia Zentilli , Darren Boyd , Kate Trotter , Hardee T. Lineham , Nigel Shawn Williams and Andrew Misle . Global originally aired the series pilot in December 2004 , but retooled and redeveloped the program before ordering more episodes , which aired in 2006 . The second season aired in 2007 . The show was officially cancelled by Global on June 28 , 2007 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "70a0f8e523afc6f88ad0b4db6a7c0a86",
"text": "Be Still (Kelly Clarkson song) `` Be Still '' is a song by American recording artist Kelly Clarkson , from her third studio album , My December ( 2007 ) . Written by Kelly Clarkson and Aben Eubanks , and produced by David Kahne , `` Be Still '' is an acoustic folk blues ballad set moderately slow acoustic and electric guitars . Clarkson wrote the song as an introspective ballad based on her exhaustive experience from touring and promoting her second studio album , Breakaway ( 2004 ) . Inspired by one of her favorite Bible verses , ( `` Be still , and know that I ( God ) am here '' ) , the song is about taking a break from everyday things and taking a moment to appreciate one life . `` Be Still '' has received positive critical reception from music critics , who praised it as one of the album 's highlights . Clarkson has included the song in the touring set of her My December Tour from 2007-08 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e304dcf363832a9d8fd9dd51889bf5e0",
"text": "Patricia Maxwell Patricia Maxwell , née Patricia Anne Ponder ( born March 9 , 1942 near Goldonna , Louisiana ) is a best-selling American author of over fifty novels . A member of the Romance Writers of America Hall of Fame and the Affaire de Coeur Romance Hall of Fame , Maxwell has received numerous awards for her writing . Her first novel in the romance genre , Love 's Wild Desire , became a New York Times Bestseller . Maxwell has published books under five different names . Using her real name , Patricia Maxwell , she writes Gothic mystery-suspense romances ; she wrote one book in collaboration with Carol Albritton , that was published under Elizabeth Trehearne , under her maiden name , Patricia Ponder , she wrote a murder mystery and a romantic suspense story , as Maxine Patrick , she wrote contemporary romances and as Jennifer Blake she writes historical romances . Many of her books are set in her native Louisiana .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "449f70ded3aa21c7c5f86ff607917bce",
"text": "Waiting at the Royal Waiting at the Royal is a 2000 Australian drama film starring Catherine McClements , Noni Hazlehurst , Josephine Byrnes and Jo Kennedy . It is about four women from very different backgrounds sharing a maternity ward .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "da840d95d86bd6971d04ba89f158abd2",
"text": "A Moment Like This `` A Moment Like This '' is the debut single by American singer Kelly Clarkson , the winner of the first season of American Idol . It was released as a double-A side with `` Before Your Love '' and topped the Billboard Hot 100 . The song was later included on her debut album , Thankful ( 2003 ) . It is her coronation song from American Idol . In 2006 , the song was recorded and released by British singer Leona Lewis , the winner of the third series of The X Factor . Her version gained the Christmas number one , outselling the rest of the top 40 combined . Lewis ' version has sold 914,000 copies as of 2015 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fa372d29b902c23059f58e6252227e94",
"text": "Jennifer Grant Jennifer Diane Grant ( born February 26 , 1966 ) is an American actress , the only child of actors Cary Grant and Dyan Cannon . She is best known for roles in the television series Beverly Hills , 90210 and Movie Stars .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aae1bc443c28cbc1c4a97b19c61a83f4",
"text": "Patricia Brooks Patricia Brooks ( November 7 , 1937 -- January 22 , 1993 ) , was a lyric soprano , actress , and opera singer , who performed primarily with the New York City Opera . She was known for her acting ability as much as for her voice .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "68086bf6f1297817440fa1db93a02549",
"text": "Another Op'nin', Another Show `` Another Op ` nin ' , Another Show '' is the opening number of Cole Porter 's 1948 musical Kiss Me , Kate . Sung by a band of players performing a musical adaption of Shakespeare 's The Taming of the Shrew , the song has become regarded as a show business anthem on a level with `` That 's Entertainment ! '' ( from The Band Wagon ) and `` There 's No Business Like Show Business '' ( from Annie Get Your Gun ) . However , it was not included in the 1953 film version of the musical . Adelaide Hall , playing the role of Hattie , sang Another Op ` nin ' , Another Show on the West-End stage ( 400 times ) when the London production of Kiss Me , Kate opened on 8 March 1951 at the Coliseum Theatre where it ran for 400 performances . Patricia Morison ( who starred in the original Broadway production of Kiss Me Kate ) , Marin Mazzie , and Hannah Waddingham have all performed versions of the song . It was also the opening number of episode 514 of The Muppet Show",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8713a91e56d5a2eef96f2f365288ac97",
"text": "The Secret Policeman's Ball 2008 The Secret Policeman 's Ball 2008 was a show in the Secret Policeman 's Balls series of benefit shows for Amnesty International . In July 2008 , Amnesty announced that it would present another show in its long-running series Like its 2006 predecessor the show was a single-night live event at London 's Royal Albert Hall , on Saturday 4 October 2008 . In common with other recent Amnesty benefit shows , the majority of the performers were British ( or UK-based ) and well-known primarily only in Great Britain , the one Canadian comedian Russell Peters appeared via a pre-recorded video-tape . Performers who were listed to perform were : Frank Skinner Alan Carr Graham Norton Sean Lock Kristen Schaal Fearne Cotton Matt Berry Katherine Parkinson Mitchell and Webb Jason Manford Shappi Khorsandi Russell Howard Russell Peters ( via video-tape ) Katy Brand Tim Minchin Sarah Millican Kayvan Novak Meera Syal Sean Williamson Sharon Horgan Nick Mohammed Dan Clark David Armand Eddie Izzard Ed Byrne Deborah Meaden Jon Culshaw Gok Wan Michael Fenton Stevens Keane Razorlight The 3-hour event was video-taped and a 95-minute television special adapted from the show was broadcast the following day , Sunday 5 October 2008 , on Britain 's Channel Four . There was also a `` cinecast '' in which the Royal Albert Hall event was shown live in 35 cinemas in major British cities . It was also available live in 4 cinemas in Australia . The `` cinecast '' was available in cinemas in six of Canada 's thirteen provinces and territories . The Cineplex cinema chain made the film available on 50 of its 1,317 screens , however Amnesty and Cineplex did not announce the Canadian `` cinecast '' until Wednesday October 1 2008 , just three days before the screenings which did not allow time for the event to be effectively promoted in Canada .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "06933e57bfcc59ab996445431d9be8a9",
"text": "Mary and Martha (film) Mary and Martha is a 2013 British-American television film starring Hilary Swank and Brenda Blethyn , and directed by Phillip Noyce . Based on a screenplay by Richard Curtis , it was produced by Working Title Television , in association with the BBC and NBCUniversal . The film had its UK premiere on March 1 , 2013 on the BBC and premiered in the US on HBO on April 20 , 2013 . based on a true story .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
6d8afef2f86722e0146095003b9e6d99 | Christian Bale was born. | [
{
"docid": "70a04fc6e82382328df5342a6ef3292f",
"text": "Christian Bale Christian Charles Philip Bale ( born 30 January 1974 ) is an English actor . He has starred both in blockbuster films and smaller projects from independent producers and art houses . Bale first caught the public eye at the age of 13 , when he was cast in the starring role of Steven Spielberg 's Empire of the Sun ( 1987 ) . Based on the original story by J. G. Ballard , Bale played an English boy who is separated from his parents and subsequently finds himself lost in a Japanese internment camp during World War II . In 2000 , he garnered critical acclaim for his portrayal of serial killer Patrick Bateman in American Psycho . He is known for going to great lengths to portray characters in films , notably for the psychological thriller The Machinist ( 2004 ) , where he lost 63 pounds ( 28.5 kg ) to play the role of Trevor Reznik . Bale went on to receive greater commercial recognition for his starring role as Batman in Christopher Nolan 's Batman Begins ( 2005 ) , The Dark Knight ( 2008 ) and The Dark Knight Rises ( 2012 ) . His portrayal of Dicky Eklund in the David O. Russell-directed biographical film The Fighter ( 2010 ) , earned him critical acclaim and a number of awards , including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor . He has since gained further acclaim as well as subsequent Academy Award , Screen Actors Guild Award and Golden Globe nominations for his roles in Russell 's American Hustle ( 2013 ) and Adam McKay 's The Big Short ( 2015 ) .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "c653268c36582cf9ed0cd8a1ee1cf867",
"text": "Christiane Hammacher Christiane Hammacher ( born 1939 in Mannheim , Germany ) is a German actress .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8b4104fe940664470c1ccafe4d800a05",
"text": "Åke Sandgren Åke Sandgren ( born 13 May 1955 ) is a Swedish-Danish film director and screenwriter . He has written and directed a number of films in a variety of genres , mostly in Denmark where he now lives .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "aa3d9d0c77433d18ef44aaa82a095627",
"text": "Chris Channing Chris Channing ( born Christopher Dean Andrews , 14 April 1962 ) is an English performer , designer and theatre maker . He is based in Emilia-Romagna , Italy .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d6881a356abf00ca4f1906ebba14b62e",
"text": "Detlef Bothe (actor) Detlef Bothe ( born 24 July 1965 ) is a German actor , screenwriter , film director and producer . Since the early 1990s , he has appeared in numerous film and television productions , both German and international . In 2015 , he appeared in the James Bond film Spectre as a henchman , in a scene where he and Q ( Ben Whishaw ) are seen riding a cable car in the Austrian Alps .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ca092d7cf0a884de7f1252a1ce79bf03",
"text": "Christian Constant Christian Constant ( born 18 May 1950 ) is a French chef and entrepreneur .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e093cdfe286d126a041bd8b6d1d71905",
"text": "Bobby Vitale Bobby Vitale , also known as Bobby Vitali , ( born June 30 , 1965 ) is a retired American pornographic actor of Italian descent . He entered the adult film industry in 1995 and has performed in over 418 titles . His filmography includes films directed by John Leslie . Vitale has directed two adult films .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "291527c3a5f1c9dbd467d67c957d0602",
"text": "Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage . Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c21fa25892920c8aeed631c5e4460388",
"text": "Basler (fashion) Basler is a German fashion brand founded in Berlin , Germany in 1936 . Fritz Basler GmbH & Co. . KG was founded by Fritz Basler and his wife Elisabeth , with manufacturing in Kreuzberg , and management in management relocated to Berlin-Charlottenburg . In 1959 , manufacturing moved to Aschaffenburg , Bavaria .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9400d08b54d4531498a10b9a7e790c1c",
"text": "Billy Bales Raymond Arthur ( Billy ) Bales ( born 6 June 1929 in Norwich , Norfolk , England ) was a former international motorcycle speedway rider reached the final of Speedway World Championship in 1955 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7fe8c531022fd5de2ae309309c7d3bb8",
"text": "Balthus Balthasar Klossowski de Rola ( February 29 , 1908 -- February 18 , 2001 ) , known as Balthus , was a Polish-French modern artist . He is known for his erotically-charged images of pubescent girls , but also for the refined , dreamlike quality of his imagery .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b5e3c02f8c108fb4eac3125048e383a7",
"text": "R. Balki R. Balakrishnan , popularly known as R. Balki ( born in Kumbakonam , Tamil Nadu ) , is an Indian filmmaker , screenwriter and former Group Chairman of the advertising agency Lowe Lintas ( India ) . He is best known for directing Cheeni Kum ( 2007 ) and Paa ( 2009 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ae6a96ca347dc00e02d3b4f8029b6008",
"text": "Agnes Baltsa Agni Baltsa ( Aγνή Mπάλτσα also known as Agnes Baltsa ; born 19 November 1944 ) is a leading Greek mezzo-soprano singer . Baltsa was born in Lefkada . She began playing piano at the age of six , before moving to Athens in 1958 to concentrate on singing . She graduated from the Greek National Conservatoire in 1965 and then travelled to Munich to continue studying on a Maria Callas scholarship . Baltsa made her first appearance in an opera in 1968 as Cherubino in The Marriage of Figaro at Frankfurt Opera , before going on to appear as Octavian in Der Rosenkavalier at the Vienna State Opera in 1970 . Under the guidance of Herbert von Karajan , she soon became a regular at the prestigious Salzburg Festival . She became Kammersängerin of the Vienna State Opera in 1980 . Her most well known performance is that of Carmen by Georges Bizet , which she has sung a number of times with noted tenors such as José Carreras , Neil Shicoff , and others . She has also sung works by Mozart ( notably Così fan tutte ) , Rossini ( Il Barbiere di Siviglia , La Cenerentola , Semiramide , L'italiana in Algeri ) , Mascagni ( Cavalleria Rusticana ) , Saint-Saëns ( Samson et Dalila ) , Verdi ( Aida , La forza del destino , Il trovatore , Don Carlos ) , Bellini ( I Capuleti e i Montecchi ) , and Donizetti ( Il Campanello , Maria Stuarda ) . She also starred in the Austrian film Duett in 1992 , playing an opera singer .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4c6ab04372ded7b6b2eae21071c060ca",
"text": "Alexander Bonde Alexander Bonde ( born 12 January 1975 in Freiburg im Breisgau ) is a German politician for Alliance ' 90/The Greens .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0d258489fbaf472858203704455e2012",
"text": "Christian Schwarzenegger Christian Schwarzenegger ( born 11 November 1959 in Zürich ) is a Swiss academic lawyer and professor of criminal law , criminal procedure and criminology at the University of Zurich . He is the son of an Austrian musician and later engineer , who immigrated in the 1950s from Styria to Switzerland . The father of Christian Schwarzenegger is a cousin of Arnold Schwarzenegger , the actor and former governor of California . Christian Schwarzenegger grew up in Zürich . He has been married since 1986 and has a son .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "278ece139dbdb4ab85d886617f299f0d",
"text": "Bac films BAC Films is a French Film production and distribution company based in Paris and founded by Jean Labadie , Éric Heumann and Stéphane Sorlat in 1986 . In 1988 , Vivendi took first a 10 % , then a 20 % stake in the capital of the company and allowed Bac Films to make major and ambitious acquisitions . The success story started in 1990 with Sailor et Lula , Palme d'or at the Cannes Film Festival . The releases of Barton Fink and Tous les matins du monde in 1991 , Indochine and Le Zèbre in 1992 , La Leçon de piano in 1993 placed BAC Film at the top of independent film distribution in France . In 1994 , Bac Films started diversifying its activity with the creation of Les Écrans de Paris , in association with Simon Simsi . In 1997 , the movie theater business is created under the name of Majestic and the group undergoes a reorganization around the Alicar holding : Bac Films ( distribution ) , Majestic ( movie theaters ) and Séance Privée ( special events ) . In 1998 , BAC Films sets up Mars Films allowing BAC Films to distribute its numerous acquisitions . In 2000 , the group is introduced on the stock market under the name BAC Majestic . Two years later BAC Majestic goes through a major financial crisis and is forced to give up its movie theater business . In 2003 , Millimages takes a majority stake in the company . Jean Labadie , founder of the company is ousted in 2007 and Roch Lener becomes the Chief Executive Officer . In October 2013 , the company is sold again and David Grumbach becomes the new Chairman . The catalogue consists of a vast range of French and foreign titles . Since its creation , BAC Films distributed more than of which 8 received the Palme d'or at the Cannes Film Festival .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c40d352529739e2683f831dc0e83a420",
"text": "Charles Bateman (actor) Charles Wilbur Bateman ( born November 18 , 1930 , San Diego , California ) is an American actor most notably recognized for roles on television from 1958 to 1991 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1ca03b2b30856be542e6f79e4326c5bc",
"text": "Humbert Balsan Humbert Jean René Balsan ( 21 August 1954 -- 10 February 2005 ) was a French film producer and chairman of the European Film Academy . He was known for securing financing and distribution for diverse and often challenging films . In February 2005 , Balsan was found dead in the offices of his production company , Ognon Pictures , in Paris . He was known to have suffered from depression , and killed himself by hanging .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "048998534d17fc08472e6a2f36c6b9c2",
"text": "Film and Music Entertainment Film and Music Entertainment is a British film production company based in London UK . The company was founded by Mike Downey and Sam Taylor in 2000 and has since produced films such as Guy X and Deathwatch to name a few .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "fec1269bdac99f2a0116393c3bfe2c80",
"text": "Christian Skeel Christian Skeel ( born June 8 , 1956 ) is a Danish artist and composer . He lives and works in Copenhagen .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e0a36b494a2ece887f4fe30f36ec49dd",
"text": "Oscar Carré Trophy The Oscar Carré Trophy ( -LSB- Oscar Carré Trofee , links = no -RSB- ) is a circus award in Netherlands and is named after the Royal Netherland Cirque circus operator Oscar Carré . Most of the time it is based upon the complete oeuvre of the circus .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
26f04b3e502b314eb8b033748d6eb79b | Ben Kingsley is an actor. | [
{
"docid": "d76b5a31da86814329aa5aac90decd77",
"text": "Ben Kingsley Sir Ben Kingsley ( born Krishna Pandit Bhanji ; 31 December 1943 ) is an English actor with a career spanning over 40 years . He has won an Oscar , Grammy , BAFTA , two Golden Globes , and a Screen Actors Guild Award . He is known for his starring role as Mohandas Gandhi in the 1982 film Gandhi , for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor . He is also known for his performances in the films Schindler 's List ( 1993 ) , Twelfth Night ( 1996 ) , Sexy Beast ( 2000 ) , Lucky Number Slevin ( 2006 ) , Shutter Island ( 2010 ) , Prince of Persia : The Sands of Time ( 2010 ) , Hugo ( 2011 ) , and Iron Man 3 ( 2013 ) . Kingsley was made a Knight Bachelor at Buckingham Palace in 2002 for services to the British film industry . In 2010 , he was awarded a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . In 2013 , he received the BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Award for Worldwide Contribution to Filmed Entertainment .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2102e8061b1d16df9fe2e061d18020c2",
"text": "Screen Actors Guild Award The Screen Actors Guild Award ( also known as the SAG Award ) is an accolade given by the Screen Actors Guild‐American Federation of Television and Radio Artists ( SAG-AFTRA ) to recognize outstanding performances in film and primetime television . The statuette given , a nude male figure holding both a mask of comedy and a mask of tragedy , is called `` The Actor '' . It is 16 in tall , weighs over 12 lb , is cast in solid bronze , and produced by the American Fine Arts Foundry in Burbank , California . SAG Awards have been one of the major awards events in Hollywood since 1995 . Nominations for the awards come from two committees , one for film and one for television , each numbering 2100 members of the union , randomly selected anew each year , with the full membership ( 165,000 as of 2012 ) available to vote for the winners . It is considered an indicator of success at the Academy Awards . The awards have been telecast since 1998 on TNT , and since 2007 have been simulcast on TBS . The inaugural SAG Awards aired live on February 25 , 1995 from Universal Studios ' Stage 12 . The second SAG awards aired live from the Santa Monica Civic Auditorium , while subsequent awards have been held at the Shrine Exposition Center .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "387d2619385c02a23def1fbaaee153a8",
"text": "Charles Hart (actor) Charles Hart ( c. 1625 -- 18 August 1683 ) was a prominent British Restoration actor . A Charles Hart was christened on 11 December 1625 , in the parish of St. Giles Cripplegate , in London . It is not absolutely certain that this was the actor , though the name was not common at the time . . Hart began his career as a boy player with the King 's Men ; he was an apprentice of Richard Robinson , longtime member of that company . Hart established his reputation by playing the role of the Duchess in The Cardinal , the tragedy by James Shirley , in 1641 . He served as a soldier in the English Civil War , and was an officer in Prince Rupert 's regiment of cavalry , along with fellow actors Nicholas Burt and Robert Shatterell . Hart and the others most likely saw combat at the battles of Marston Moor and Nasby , and perhaps at Edgehill as well . Hart then returned to acting ; evidence suggests he was with other displaced English actors in Europe in 1646 . In 1648 , Hart , Walter Clun and eight other actors , were involved in an attempt to restart the King 's Men company during the Puritan Commonwealth , which , perhaps unsurprisingly , did not succeed . On 5 February 1648 , at the Cockpit Theatre , Hart and other King 's Men were arrested for violating the ban against theatrical performance ; they were caught in the midst of a performance of Rollo Duke of Normandy ( in which Hart played the character Otto ) . Hart and the others were imprisoned for a short time , then released . Just before the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 , acting resumed on a larger scale , and Hart seems to have been then a member of a company performing at the Cockpit playhouse , led by Michael Mohun . As soon as the King 's Company was formed in 1660 , Hart became one of its leading men ; he specialized in playing the male half of witty , bantering couples . This type of dialogue in Restoration comedy was largely influenced by the talents and personalities of Hart and Nell Gwyn , in plays like James Howard 's The Mad Couple ; Gwyn was his mistress before she became Charles II 's . Hart 's natural dignity in playing royal roles was also often commented on by contemporaries , and in the heroic play he `` was celebrated for superman roles , notably the arrogant , bloodthirsty Almanzor in John Dryden 's Conquest of Granada . '' When Hart played in Euterpe Restored in 1672 , Richard Flecknoe composed the following lines : Beauty to the eye , and music to the ear , Such even the nicest critics must allow Burbage was once and such Charles Hart is now . Throughout his Restoration career , Hart filled a range of noteworthy parts . He was Cassio in early stagings of Shakespear 's Othello ; after 1669 he played the title role . He played roles in revivals of plays by Shakespeare , Ben Jonson , and John Fletcher -- Hotspur in Henry IV , Part 1 Brutus in Julius Caesar Mosca in Volpone Demetrius in The Humorous Lieutenant Michael Perez in Rule a Wife and Have a Wife Arbaces in A King and No King Amintor in The Maid 's Tragedy Rollo in Rollo Duke of Normandy Welford in The Scornful Lady Don John in The Chances -- and in contemporary dramas , by John Dryden -- Marc Antony in All for Love Porphyrius in Tyrannick Love Aurange Zebe in Aurang-zebe Celadon in The Maiden Queen Wildblood in An Evening 's Love Cortez in The Indian Emperour Aurelian in The Assignation -- and by other dramatists -- Horner in Wycherly 's The Country Wife Manly in Wycherly 's The Plain Dealer Phraartes in Crowne 's The Destruction of Jerusalem Massinissa in Lee 's Sophonisba , or Hannibal 's Overthrow Alexander the Great in Lee 's The Rival Queens Ziphares in Lee 's Mythridates , King of Pontus Lord Delaware in Boyle 's The Black Prince . In 1682 , when the King 's Company joined with the Duke 's Company to form the United Company , Hart retired due to poor health , with a pension of 40 shillings per week . The well-known story that Hart was the illegitimate grandson of Shakespeare 's sister Joan is largely discredited .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8938a970761eccd515ea678bfeeb5283",
"text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . The Olivier Awards are the most prestigious theatrical awards in the United Kingdom and are the UK equivalent of the Tony Awards . Until 2015 , the Olivier Awards did not honour supporting musical performances separately and was therefore a unisex category , honouring both male and female actors . Starting with the 2015 ceremony , the awards have been separated into Best Actor in a Supporting Role in a Musical and Best Actress in a Supporting Role in a Musical",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "291527c3a5f1c9dbd467d67c957d0602",
"text": "Theatre of Australia Theatre of Australia refers to the history of the performing arts in Australia , or produced by Australians . There are theatrical and dramatic aspects to a number of Indigenous Australian ceremonies such as the corroboree . During its colonial period , Australian theatrical arts were generally linked to the broader traditions of English literature and to British and Irish theatre . Australian literature and theatrical artists ( including Aboriginal as well as Anglo-Celtic and multicultural migrant Australians ) have over the last two centuries introduced the culture of Australia and the character of a new continent to the world stage . Individuals who have contributed to theatre in Australia and internationally include Sir Robert Helpmann , Dame Joan Sutherland , Barry Humphries , David Williamson , Cate Blanchett , Geoffrey Rush , Judy Davis , Jim Sharman , Tim Minchin and Baz Luhrmann . Notable theatrical institutions include the Sydney Opera House , and the National Institute of Dramatic Art in Sydney .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c09cdacc9d1f94e64df7062bcf7367e5",
"text": "Ben Stephenson Ben Stephenson is an English-born television executive . He was appointed in March 2015 as the Head of Television at J. J. Abrams ' Bad Robot production company in the United States . Formerly he was controller of drama at the BBC from September 2008 , and was succeeded by Polly Hill in May 2015 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "bd7237ecbc101de3847070c25712ec6e",
"text": "Ben Davis (cinematographer) Benjamin V. `` Ben '' Davis , BSC ( born 1961 ) is an English cinematographer best known for his work with producer-director Matthew Vaughn . His major works include Kick-Ass ( 2010 ) , Hannibal Rising ( 2007 ) and the Marvel films Guardians of the Galaxy ( 2014 ) , Avengers : Age of Ultron ( 2015 ) and Doctor Strange ( 2016 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "03692b5ddbd2a456457441162ee4215d",
"text": "George Harris (actor) George William Harris ( born 20 October 1949 ) is a British actor of film , stage , television , radio and musical theatre . His notable roles include Kingsley Shacklebolt in the Harry Potter film series , Captain Simon Katanga in Raiders of the Lost Ark and Clive King in popular medical drama Casualty , where he was one of the original cast members . He also played real-life Somali warlord Osman Ali Atto in the 2001 film Black Hawk Down .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c5a9c434a7164f2c14cd2f7663f0388b",
"text": "Ben Foster (disambiguation) Ben Foster ( born 1980 ) is an American actor . Ben Foster may also refer to : Ben Foster ( footballer ) ( born 1983 ) , English goalkeeper Ben Foster ( orchestrator ) , British composer , orchestrator and conductor Ben Foster ( director ) ( born 1984 ) , American director , editor , producer and composer Ben Weasel ( born Ben Foster , 1968 ) , American author and member of punk rock band Screeching Weasel",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e205afec5af3b7cf053703b5529d58f7",
"text": "Mr Benn Mr Benn is a character created by David McKee who appears in several children 's books , and an animated television series of the same name originally transmitted by the BBC in 1971 and 1972 . Whether in a book , or on television , Mr Benn 's adventures take on a similar pattern . Mr Benn , a man wearing a black suit and bowler hat , leaves his house at 52 Festive Road and visits a fancy-dress costume shop where he is invited by the moustachioed , fez-wearing shopkeeper to try on a particular outfit . He leaves the shop through a magic door at the back of the changing room and enters a world appropriate to his costume , where he has an adventure ( which usually contains a moral ) before the shopkeeper reappears to lead him back to the changing room , and the story comes to an end . Mr Benn returns to his normal life , but is left with a small souvenir of his magical adventure . Additionally , scenes before and after his adventure usually have some connection to it , such as the games the children are playing in the street as he passes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "60383b313c5baaf2c67109df4ba3aa9e",
"text": "Without a Clue Without a Clue is a 1988 British comedy film directed by Thom Eberhardt and starring Michael Caine and Ben Kingsley .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3b4769e0ebbbe1d2414a1eefab2867cf",
"text": "John Benfield John Benfield ( b. 1951 ; Manchester ) is a British actor , who has appeared in 75 TV episodes or films starting in 1981 . He lives in Oxford with his wife , Lillian , and son , Fred .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f679d1817660a7b647f22204d5e28869",
"text": "Ben Howard Benjamin John `` Ben '' Howard ( born 24 April 1987 ) is an English singer-songwriter . He self-released his debut EP Games in the Dark ( 2008 ) followed by two more EPs , These Waters ( 2009 ) and Old Pine ( 2010 ) . He is currently signed to Island and Communion . His major debut studio album came in 2011 titled Every Kingdom followed by two more EP releases , Ben Howard Live ( 2011 ) and The Burgh Island E.P. ( 2012 ) . At the 2013 Brit Awards he received the Brit Award for British Male Solo Artist . He performed at 2013 Glastonbury festival on the Pyramid Stage on Saturday 29 June . He released his second studio album , I Forget Where We Were , in October 2014 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "cbfc5f89f88f95c008be24cae061bc46",
"text": "Gandhi (film) Gandhi is a 1982 British-Indian epic biographical drama film which dramatises the life of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi , the leader of India 's non-violent , non-cooperative independence movement against the United Kingdom 's rule of the country during the 20th century . Gandhi was written by John Briley and produced and directed by Richard Attenborough . It stars Ben Kingsley in the title role . The film covers Gandhi 's life from a defining moment in 1893 , as he is thrown off a South African train for being in a whites-only compartment , and concludes with his assassination and funeral in 1948 . Although a practising Hindu , Gandhi 's embracing of other faiths , particularly Christianity and Islam , is also depicted . Gandhi was released in India on 30 November 1982 , in the United Kingdom on 3 December , and in the United States on 10 December . It was nominated for Academy Awards in eleven categories , winning eight , including Best Picture and Best Director for Attenborough , Best Actor for Ben Kingsley , and Best Original Screenplay for Briley . The film was screened retrospective on 12 August 2016 as the Opening Film at the Independence Day Film Festival jointly presented by the Indian Directorate of Film Festivals and Ministry of Defense , commemorating 70th Indian Independence Day . The screenplay of Gandhi is available as a published book .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9d1c55aabb7a6a1e50c63923c978f090",
"text": "Death and the Maiden (film) Death and the Maiden is a 1994 mystery drama film directed by Roman Polanski and starring Sigourney Weaver , Ben Kingsley and Stuart Wilson . It was based on the play by the same name by Ariel Dorfman , who also co-wrote the screenplay with Rafael Yglesias .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b60c17dcd37553dda4ac0ab104ac1ea9",
"text": "Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role The Laurence Olivier Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role is an annual award presented by The Society of London Theatre in recognition of achievements in commercial British theatre . The awards were established as the Society of West End Theatre Awards in 1976 , and , renamed in 1984 in honour of English actor Lord Olivier . The award was first given in 1977 but in the years following was often given as a singular award for Best Performance in a Supporting Role .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "397d73046fb1223b8039fd08af7616af",
"text": "Ben Travers Ben Travers CBE AFC ( 12 November 1886 -- 18 December 1980 ) was an English writer . His output includes more than twenty plays , thirty screenplays , five novels , and three volumes of memoirs . He is best remembered for his long-running series of farces first staged in the 1920s and 1930s at the Aldwych Theatre . Many of these were made into films and later television productions . After working for some years in his family 's wholesale grocery business , which he detested , Travers was given a job by the publisher John Lane in 1911 . After service as a pilot in the First World War , he began to write novels and plays . He turned his 1921 novel , The Dippers , into a play that was first produced in the West End in 1922 . His big break came in 1925 , when the actor-manager Tom Walls bought the performing rights to his play A Cuckoo in the Nest , which ran for more than a year at the Aldwych . He followed this success with eight more farces for Walls and his team ; the last in the series closed in 1933 . Most of the farces were adapted for film in the 1930s and 1940s , with Travers writing the screenplays for eight of them . After the Aldwych series came to a close , in 1935 Travers wrote a serious play with a religious theme . It was unsuccessful , and he returned to comedy . Of his later farces only one , Banana Ridge ( 1938 ) , rivalled the runs of his 1920s hits ; it was filmed in 1942 . During the Second World War Travers served in the Royal Air Force , working in intelligence , and later served at the Ministry of Information , while producing two well-received plays . After the war Travers 's output declined ; he had a long fallow period after the death of his wife in 1951 , although he collaborated on a few revivals and adaptations of his earlier work . He returned to playwriting in 1968 . He was inspired to write a new comedy in the early 1970s after the abolition of theatre censorship in Britain permitted him to write without evasion about sexual activities , one of his favourite topics . The resulting play , The Bed Before Yesterday ( 1975 ) , presented when he was 89 , was the longest-running of all his stage works , easily outplaying any of his Aldwych farces .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e91a8d71895ca002c58a7443348843bc",
"text": "Dead End (1937 film) Dead End is a 1937 crime drama film directed by William Wyler . It is an adaptation of the Sidney Kingsley 1935 Broadway play of the same name . It stars Humphrey Bogart , Joel McCrea , and Sylvia Sidney . It is notable as being the first film appearance of the Dead End Kids .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "281ad9273c5fdedf6b01919646686394",
"text": "Hugo (film) Hugo is a 2011 historical adventure drama film directed and co-produced by Martin Scorsese and adapted for the screen by John Logan . Based on Brian Selznick 's book The Invention of Hugo Cabret , it is about a boy who lives alone in the Gare Montparnasse railway station in Paris in the 1930s . A co-production between Graham King 's GK Films and Johnny Depp 's Infinitum Nihil , the film stars Ben Kingsley , Sacha Baron Cohen , Asa Butterfield , Chloë Grace Moretz , Ray Winstone , Emily Mortimer , Jude Law , Helen McCrory , and Christopher Lee . Hugo is Scorsese 's first film shot in 3D , of which the filmmaker remarked : `` I found 3D to be really interesting , because the actors were more upfront emotionally . Their slightest move , their slightest intention is picked up much more precisely . '' The film was released in the United States on November 23 , 2011 . When it was released , Hugo received critical acclaim and received 11 Academy Award nominations ( including Best Picture ) , more than any other film that year , and won five awards : Best Cinematography , Best Art Direction , Best Sound Mixing , Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects . It was also nominated for eight BAFTAs , winning two , and was nominated for three Golden Globe awards , earning Scorsese his third Golden Globe Award for Best Director . The film grossed $ 185 million against a budget of $ 150 -- $ 170 million .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8a31e50c24add96ad14fa31cbac90367",
"text": "Kingsley Association (Pittsburgh, PA) The Kingsley Association , organized in 1893 , began as a single settlement house located in Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania , named the Kingsley House . It has since relocated its settlement house to East Liberty ( Pittsburgh ) where it continues to operate today . It has also expanded to operate the Lillian Taylor Camp , an open air farm in Valencia , Pennsylvania and the Morgan Memorial House in the Hill District of Pittsburgh . The Kingsley Association seeks to create new and innovative , neighborhood-based programs in accordance with the changing needs of residents , with particular attention to young people .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2b5d04a1511f9fe14153998673295fb5",
"text": "Ben 10 Ben 10 is an American animated TV series and media franchise created by Man of Action Studios and produced by Cartoon Network Studios . The franchise revolves around a boy named Ben Tennyson who acquires a watch-like alien device ( the Omnitrix ) which allows the wearer to transform into ten different alien creatures . The Ben 10 franchise has received wide critical acclaim , winning three Emmy Awards . Worldwide it has grossed over $ 4.5 billion in retail sales . The franchise has four movies , all of which aired on Cartoon Network between August 2007 and March 2012 . With a 12-year old franchise , it is the longest Cartoon Network original series to date .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4676ab0a9e8d886fd2000dcc58aeb1ad",
"text": "Ben Chaplin Ben Chaplin ( born Benedict John Greenwood ; 31 July 1969 ) is an English actor .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
6e9cbae210ceb460f3eb33c2e82e72d8 | Emma Thompson has never acted. | [
{
"docid": "831ca77fd0720eb3e66b92f9651a69b6",
"text": "Emma Thompson Emma Thompson ( born 15 April 1959 ) is a British actress , activist , author , comedienne and screenwriter . Born in London to English actor Eric Thompson and Scottish actress Phyllida Law , Thompson was educated at Newnham College , University of Cambridge , where she became a member of the Footlights troupe . After appearing in several comedy programmes , she first came to prominence in 1987 in two BBC TV series , Tutti Frutti and Fortunes of War , winning the BAFTA TV Award for Best Actress for her work in both series . Her first film role was in the 1989 romantic comedy The Tall Guy , and in the early 1990s she frequently collaborated with her then husband , actor and director Kenneth Branagh . The pair became popular in the British media and co-starred in several films , including Dead Again ( 1991 ) and Much Ado About Nothing ( 1993 ) . In 1992 , Thompson won an Academy Award and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress for the period drama Howards End . In 1993 , she garnered dual Academy Award nominations for her roles in The Remains of the Day as the housekeeper of a grand household and In the Name of the Father as a lawyer . Thompson scripted and starred in Sense and Sensibility ( 1995 ) , which earned her ( among other awards ) an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay , and a BAFTA Award for Best Actress . Other notable film and television credits include : the Harry Potter film series , Wit ( 2001 ) , Love Actually ( 2003 ) , Angels in America ( 2003 ) , Nanny McPhee ( 2005 ) , Stranger than Fiction ( 2006 ) , Last Chance Harvey ( 2008 ) , Men in Black 3 ( 2012 ) , Brave ( 2012 ) and Beauty and the Beast ( 2017 ) . In 2013 , she received acclaim and several award nominations for her portrayal of P. L. Travers in Saving Mr. Banks . Thompson is married to actor Greg Wise , with whom she lives in London . They have one daughter and an adopted son . She is an activist in the areas of human rights and environmentalism and has received criticism for her outspokenness . She has written two books adapted from The Tale of Peter Rabbit .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "f90f1f367d79fad23b9a526afcd83a22",
"text": "Pan (2015 film) Pan is a 2015 British - American family adventure fantasy film directed by Joe Wright and written by Jason Fuchs . The film is a prequel story to Scottish author J. M. Barrie 's Peter Pan story , first staged in 1904 . It stars Hugh Jackman , Garrett Hedlund , Rooney Mara and Amanda Seyfried , with Levi Miller as the title character . It serves as an alternative origin story for Peter Pan and Captain Hook . The film had its world premiere in London , England on September 20 , 2015 , and was theatrically released in the United States on October 9 , 2015 , by Warner Bros. . Pictures . Pan grossed $ 128.4 million on a $ 150 million budget , making it a box office bomb . The film received negative reviews from critics .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7d87ae54b0775db9c7ff4d53e956ff91",
"text": "The Murder of Princess Diana The Murder of Princess Diana is a 2007 Lifetime Television movie , directed by John Strickland and starring Jennifer Morrison . The film was based on a novel by Noel Botham . Reg Gadney and Emma Reeves wrote the teleplay .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ecf4ed1f812ac69635f0b268c6ccba27",
"text": "Demons Never Die Demons Never Die ( originally titled Suicide Kids ) is a British 2011 slasher film starring Robert Sheehan , Jennie Jacques , Jacob Anderson , Jason Maza , Emma Rigby . Ashley Walters , Reggie Yates and Tulisa Contostavlos .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "50a460dd4b191c74503b0eae967cc6a7",
"text": "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film) Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix is a 2007 British-American fantasy film directed by David Yates and distributed by Warner Bros. . Pictures . It is based on the novel of the same name by J. K. Rowling . The film , which is the fifth instalment in the Harry Potter film series , was written by Michael Goldenberg ( making this the only film in the series not to be scripted by Steve Kloves ) and produced by David Heyman and David Barron . The story follows Harry Potter 's fifth year at Hogwarts as the Ministry of Magic is in denial of Lord Voldemort 's return . The film stars Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter , alongside Rupert Grint and Emma Watson as Harry 's best friends Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger . It is the sequel to Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and is followed by Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince . Live-action filming took place in England and Scotland for exterior locations and Leavesden Film Studios in Watford for interior locations from February to November 2006 , with a one-month break in June . Post-production on the film continued for several months afterwards to add in visual effects . The film 's budget was reportedly between # 75 and 100 million ( $ 150 -- 200 million ) . Warner Bros. released the film in the United Kingdom on 12 July 2007 and in North America on 11 July , both in conventional and IMAX theatres ; it is the first Potter film to be released in IMAX 3D . As of April 2017 , Order of the Phoenix is the 39th-highest-grossing film of all time , and a critical and commercial success . The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $ 333 million , fourteenth all-time , and grossed nearly $ 940 million total , second to Pirates of the Caribbean : At World 's End for the greatest total of 2007 . The film was nominated for two BAFTA Film Awards in 2008 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "47e6ed694b2cca5268a0ebaa7ad82520",
"text": "Emma Lahana Emma Kate Lahana ( born 27 June 1984 ) is a New Zealand actress and singer . She is best known for her role as Jennifer Mason on Haven , and as Kira Ford , one of the Yellow Rangers of the Power Rangers franchise , in Power Rangers Dino Thunder .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9924f378e29c2ba9ce82e2972ecdcaa2",
"text": "List of actors nominated for two Academy Awards in the same year The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences has had occurrences of actors and actresses nominated for two different Academy Awards in acting categories in a single year , with the first instance in 1938 . Provided that they receive enough votes from the Academy in both categories to earn a nomination , there are no restrictions on actors being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actor or actresses being nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress and Best Supporting Actress in any given year . The sole rule with regard to multiple nominations is that an actor or actress can not receive multiple nominations for the same performance . This rule was introduced in 1944 after Barry Fitzgerald received a Best Actor nomination and a Best Supporting Actor nomination for his performance in Going My Way . As of 2015 , 11 actors and actresses have been nominated for two different Academy Awards in the same year . The first of these actors and actresses was Fay Bainter , who received nominations for her performances in White Banners and Jezebel at the 11th Academy Awards . The most recent occurrence was during the 80th Academy Awards , in which Cate Blanchett received nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There . Seven of these actors and actresses received an Academy Award in one of the categories they were nominated in , and none have won two Academy Awards in the same year . Four did not receive an Academy Award in either category : Sigourney Weaver ( nominations for Gorillas in the Mist and Working Girl ) , Emma Thompson ( nominations for The Remains of the Day and In the Name of the Father ) , Julianne Moore ( nominations for Far from Heaven and The Hours ) , and Cate Blanchett ( nominations for Elizabeth : The Golden Age and I 'm Not There ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6fbf36d1192f2405c5a95db8f56ad8b7",
"text": "Adult Life Skills Adult Life Skills ( formerly known as ` How To Live Yours ' ) is a 2016 British comedy film , funded by Creative England , and is the feature debut for writer director Rachel Tunnard . It is the feature-length version of BAFTA nominated short , Emotional Fusebox , which premiered at the London Film Festival in 2014 . The story of a 29-year-old , Anna ( portrayed by Jodie Whittaker ) has moved into her mum 's shed and is refusing to move out after the death of her twin brother . The film premiered at the 2016 Tribeca Film Festival in April 2016 , winning one of the top awards - the Nora Ephron prize for best female director . The film releases in UK cinemas on 24 June 2016 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8b1996531079243b2232cb68563406d5",
"text": "Shelley Thompson Shelley Thompson is a Canadian actress best known for her character Barbara Lahey on the hit Canadian mockumentary program Trailer Park Boys . Born in Calgary , Alberta , Shelley trained at RADA in London , and worked for many years in the UK . She played roles in London 's West End and at the Royal National Theatre , as well as leading roles in regional theatres . She was a regular in BBC radio drama during her time in Britain , and recorded dozens of audio books -- titles including work by Margaret Atwood and Jane Smiley . She played Rita in the family series , Mike and Angelo for six years , and made guest appearances on Drop The Dead Donkey , EastEnders and Chelworth . She also played the role of Sarah 's stepmother Irene in Jim Henson 's 1986 fantasy epic Labyrinth . She 's appeared in eleven seasons of Trailer Park Boys , both specials , and the Feature Film . Since returning to Canada , her work has included season at the Atlantic Theatre Festival ( Ariel in the Tempest and Viola in Twelfth Night ) , work at the Neptune Theatre , The Prairie Theatre Exchange , The Globe Theatre , Regina , and Festival Antigonish . Since 2012 , she 's been shifting focus to stage and screenwriting and directing . Her plays include plays A Kind of Faith ( produced 2004 ) Leaving Wonderland ( Premiered Halifax , 2015 ) , children 's plays Bluenose Billy ( 2006 , co-written with Sheldon Currie and Griffen Prize-winning poet Anne Simpson ) , Belinda the Bicycle Witch ( 2008 ) , Lost and Found ( 2009 ) , ... And How Are We Today ( co-written with poet Anne Simpson ) . Recently seen on stage in : A Good Death , Be My Baby , Criminal Genius . Her poetry has been a finalist in the Atlantic Writing Competition , and has appeared in literary journals Toward the Light and Papirmasse , and on the CBC website . Short stories have been included in anthologies and broadcast in collaboration with The Blue Engine String Quartet on CBC Radio - Christmas 2010 and 2011 . Presently shifting to writing/directing for film , she has just finished her first narrative short , DAWG ( Festivals include the Atlantic Film Festival , The San Diego International Kids Film Festival , Nickle Film festival NFL and more ... ) Presently : working on features ( Dawn Her Dad and the Tractor , Billy , Dash and Dawg , and The Benefit . In 2015 she was a resident at the Canadian Film Centre , Toronto , as a screenwriter , and in 2016 was invited to be one of eight Women In the Directors Chair ( 2017 ) . Thompson is a counsellor with ACTRA Maritimes , chair of the Women 's Committee , and a keen advocate for LGBTQ issues . Awards include : ACTRA Maritimes winner for ( short ) Two Penny Road-Kill 2013 , Best Supporting Actress , LA 's Love Unlimited Festival , 2011 for ( short ) WAKE , and Gemini , 2008 , Best Ensemble , as Barb Lahey , for Trailer Park Boys . Merritt Award - Best Actress in a Leading Role - for Glorious . Several Stage nominations for : Humble Boy -- Flora , Criminal Genius -- Shirley , Tamara ( Dora ) -- Aelis .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "60513439fc569fd9fa7a657afcec4402",
"text": "Emma Harrison Emma Harrison is an actress , model and dancer , best known for the role of Joanna Hartman in the Australian soap-opera Neighbours .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e2608087c4daf68ddf10a39b3608990a",
"text": "Despite the Falling Snow (film) Despite the Falling Snow is a 2016 British Cold War espionage film directed by Shamim Sarif , adapted from her novel of the same name . Starring Rebecca Ferguson , Charles Dance , Oliver Jackson-Cohen , Antje Traue , Sam Reid , Anthony Head and Thure Lindhardt the film was released in the United Kingdom on April 15 , 2016 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "08ec67fce471f227f46add74885f3d31",
"text": "Harriet Thorpe Harriet Amelia Thorpe ( born 8 June 1957 ) is an English actress . She trained at London 's Central School of Speech and Drama . She is known for her roles in the British sitcoms , The Brittas Empire ( 1991 -- 97 ) and Absolutely Fabulous ( 1992 -- 2012 ) . She has also starred in the West End musicals , Cabaret ( 2006 ) , Wicked ( 2008 ) and Mamma Mia ! ( 2010 ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "e26120f93ee61329cd62fece4acc4ead",
"text": "Emma Greenwell Emma Greenwell ( born January 14 , 1989 ) is an American actress who was born in the United States but was raised in London from a very young age .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8a59963810f16b0d6b256355a78e1d2c",
"text": "Emma Nyra Emma Chukwugoziam Obi ( born July 18 , 1988 ) , professionally known by her stage name Emma Nyra , is an American-born Nigerian singer-songerwriter , actress and model .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "576767220a7a7999fa05b01cd54cab43",
"text": "Aloha (film) Aloha is a 2015 American romantic comedy-drama film written , produced and directed by Cameron Crowe . The film , starring Bradley Cooper , Emma Stone , Rachel McAdams , Bill Murray , John Krasinski , Danny McBride , and Alec Baldwin , was released on May 29 , 2015 . The film received negative reviews from critics , and has grossed only $ 26 million against a budget of $ 37 million , making the film a box office bomb .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0ed90829e3184cc196755ba12f1f4042",
"text": "Oliver Twist (1912 film) Oliver Twist is a 1912 British silent drama film directed by Thomas Bentley and starring Ivy Millais , Alma Taylor and Harry Royston . It is an adaptation of the 1838 novel Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens . It was the directorial debut of Bentley who went on to become a leading British director . It was the first in a series of Dickens adaptations by Bentley .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0cbab51c486d544e54a4248c4053885d",
"text": "Imagining Argentina (film) Imagining Argentina is a 2003 drama historical film written and directed by Christopher Hampton and starring Antonio Banderas , Emma Thompson , Leticia Dolera and Rubén Blades . It is based on the award-winning homonymous novel by Lawrence Thornton . It was nominated for the Golden Lion at the 2003 Venice Film Festival . The film , centered on a couple living through the ominous last military dictatorship in Argentina ( 1976-1983 ) , depicts graphic images of suffering , such as rape and torture . The closing caption states that around 30,000 Argentines disappeared during the beginning and end of the regime .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "702b724dc176667d708bd4f860f839f2",
"text": "AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role The AACTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role is an award presented by the Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts ( AACTA ) , a non-profit organisation whose aim is to `` identify , award , promote and celebrate Australia 's greatest achievements in film and television . '' The award is presented at the annual AACTA Awards , which hands out accolades for achievements in feature films , television , documentaries and short films . From 1971 -- 2010 , the category was presented by the Australian Film Institute ( AFI ) , the Academy 's parent organisation , at the annual Australian Film Institute Awards ( known as the AFI Awards ) . When the AFI launched the Academy in 2011 , it changed the annual ceremony to the AACTA Awards , with the current award being a continuum of the AFI Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role . It was presented as a special award , from 1971 -- 1975 , and was accompanied with a cash prize , before it became a competitive award from 1976 , onward . Judy Davis is the most nominated actress in this category , with five wins from eight nominations , most recently for her role in The Eye of the Storm ( 2011 ) . Candidates for this award must be human and female , and can not be nominated for the same role in the supporting actress category .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c9d1ac7075b326713516a24b5e944c88",
"text": "Salmon Fishing in the Yemen Salmon Fishing in the Yemen is a 2011 British romantic comedy-drama film directed by Lasse Hallström and starring Ewan McGregor , Emily Blunt , Kristin Scott Thomas and Amr Waked . Based on the 2007 novel of the same name by Paul Torday , and a screenplay by Simon Beaufoy , the film is about a fisheries expert who is recruited by a consultant to help realize a sheikh 's vision of bringing the sport of fly fishing to the Yemen desert , initiating an upstream journey of faith to make the impossible possible . The film was shot on location in London , Scotland , and Morocco from August to October 2010 . The film premiered at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival . The film received generally positive reviews upon its release , and earned $ 34,564,651 in revenue worldwide .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4f88aa04588c4effebb898dde2e6370b",
"text": "Linehaul Linehaul is a 1973 Australian television film about truckie Dave Morgan . It was a pilot for a series that was never made and an early vehicle for Jack Thompson .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f4579b90a27326e8256b2e60b0d8dff1",
"text": "Emma Barton Emma Louise Barton ( born 26 July 1977 in Portsmouth , England ) is an English actress . She played Honey Mitchell in EastEnders from November 2005 to September 2008 , and on a temporary basis during 2014 . Barton returned full-time in late 2015 . Before her role in EastEnders , Barton appeared in Spooks and on stage in plays including Grease , Loveshack and Thoroughly Modern Millie .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
c45c3aa447e528ca95462d6f21697959 | Logic (musician) released two mixtapes over two years. | [
{
"docid": "5cffc0c7251670bdfa95582ea303e5b5",
"text": "Logic (musician) Sir Robert Bryson Hall II ( born January 22 , 1990 ) , known by his stage name Logic , is an American rapper , singer , songwriter , and record producer . Raised in Gaithersburg , Maryland , Logic expressed an interest in music as a teenager , and ventured into a musical career in early 2009 , releasing a mixtape titled Young , Broke & Infamous in 2010 . He would then sign with Visionary Music Group , before releasing two more mixtapes over two years . His fourth mixtape , Young Sinatra : Welcome to Forever ( 2013 ) , was released to critical acclaim , and allowed Logic to secure a recording contract with Def Jam Recordings . He later released his debut studio album Under Pressure in October 2014 , which debuted at number four on the U.S. Billboard 200 , eventually becoming certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) and having sold more than 171,000 copies . Logic 's second studio album The Incredible True Story was released in November 2015 , receiving mostly positive reviews from critics . Also certified gold in the US , it was later confirmed to have sold over 185,000 copies in the country . Logic soon released Bobby Tarantino in 2016 . It is his fifth mixtape and the first since Young Sinatra : Welcome to Forever . Logic released his third studio album Everybody in 2017 .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "efe9a95015a1e92496e94311129cd6de",
"text": "Bitch Please II `` Bitch Please II '' is a song by American rapper Eminem , featuring guest vocals from American rappers Dr. Dre , Snoop Dogg , Xzibit , and Nate Dogg , taken from Eminem 's The Marshall Mathers LP ( 2000 ) . The song was written by Eminem , Dr. Dre , Snoop Dogg , Xzibit and Nate Dogg with , production handled by Dr. Dre and Mel-Man .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "06d5fee1b8b2db17f8ab3ae00075438b",
"text": "Mixtape (disambiguation) A mixtape is a compilation of songs recorded in a specific order , traditionally onto an audio compact cassette . Mixtape or The Mix Tape may also refer to :",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ce678f0b6d26100dd7a2270b9503577e",
"text": "Thug World Order 2 Thug World Order 2 is a mixtape by Bone Thugs-n-Harmony released on December 19 , 2008 . It contains songs from T.H.U.G.S Bizzy Bone 's Ruthless Layzie Bone 's Thugz Nation Flesh-n-Bone 's 5th Dog Let Loose and Krayzie Bone 's Gemini : Good vs. Evil .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "54f4c66110ae7ed72dac5944d1436228",
"text": "Relapse (Eminem album) Relapse is the sixth studio album by American rapper Eminem . The album was released on May 19 , 2009 , under Aftermath Entertainment , Shady Records , and Interscope Records . It was his first album of original material since Encore ( 2004 ) , following a four-year hiatus from recording due to his writer 's block and an addiction to prescription sleeping medication . Recording sessions for the album took place during 2005 to 2009 at several recording studios , and Dr. Dre , Mark Batson , and Eminem handled production . Conceptually , Relapse concerns the ending of his drug rehabilitation , rapping after a non-fictional relapse , and the return of his Slim Shady alter-ego . One of the most anticipated album releases of 2009 , Relapse debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , selling 608,000 copies in its first week . It produced three singles that attained chart success and has been certified double platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America . The album received mixed reviews from most music critics , who were divided in their responses towards Eminem 's lyrics . It has sold more than 2.3 million copies in the United States and more than 17 million copies worldwide .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "2e90dd91e949f787bc46623f9365845d",
"text": "MellowHype MellowHype is an American hip hop duo from Los Angeles , California , that consisted of rapper-producer Hodgy ( Gerard Long ) and producer-rapper Left Brain ( Vyron Turner ) . Both were members of hip hop collective Odd Future . They have released two studio albums which both charted on the Billboard 200 albums chart and four mixtapes .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "106ae4371412686a08b197b1c094ea26",
"text": "The Marshall Mathers LP The Marshall Mathers LP is the third studio album by American rapper Eminem . It was released on May 23 , 2000 , by Aftermath Entertainment , Interscope Records , and Eminem 's newly founded label , Shady Records in the United States , and on September 11 , 2000 , by Polydor Records in the United Kingdom . The album was produced mostly by Dr. Dre and Eminem , along with The 45 King , the Bass Brothers , and Mel-Man . Released a year after Eminem 's breakout album The Slim Shady LP , the record features more introspective lyricism including the rapper 's response to his sudden rise to fame and controversy surrounding his lyrics . The album sold more than 1.78 million copies in the US in its first week alone , becoming the fastest-selling studio album by any solo artist in American music history . In 2001 , the album won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Album and was nominated for Album of the Year . Eminem lost the latter to jazz-rock duo Steely Dan and their album Two Against Nature . The album was certified Diamond by the Recording Industry Association of America in March 2011 for shipping 10 million copies in the United States . By December 2016 , the album had sold over 11 million copies in the United States and more than 32 million copies worldwide . A sequel to the album , The Marshall Mathers LP 2 , was released on November 5 , 2013 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ee0d6c082d3cfb5e5503eed39f02847d",
"text": "Lil Uzi Vert discography The discography of American recording artist Lil Uzi Vert consists of three extended plays ( EPs ) , five mixtapes and 14 singles ( including seven singles as a featured artist ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ec6fa53ed2e5e4fc8f238c1fd1c67cff",
"text": "Friday Night Lights (mixtape) Friday Night Lights is the third official mixtape from Fayetteville , North Carolina rapper J. Cole . It was released on November 12 , 2010 . The mixtape was to originally be called Villematic and contain J. Cole 's previous leaks and freestyles , however , Cole later stated it would have original material . The mixtape became the second most searched and trending topics on Google and Twitter respectively following its release . Most songs on the mixtape were slated to be on his debut album at one point or another . The mixtape has been viewed over 4,470,000 times , streamed over 1,280,000 times , and downloaded over 1,700,000 times on mixtape site DatPiff . On June 26 , 2013 Cole announced that he would be re-releasing The Warm Up and Friday Night Lights for retail sale , in order to give them the push they deserved .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5dd3918a279010af667abc21d4027b5e",
"text": "Luca Brasi 2 Luca Brasi 2 is the third commercial mixtape by American rapper Kevin Gates . It was released on December 14 , 2014 , through his own independent record label Bread Winners ' Association and Atlantic Records .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dc0b21e34c9e5087548659e5924ca779",
"text": "Grand Hustle Records Grand Hustle Records ( formerly Grand Hustle Entertainment ) , also known as Hustle Gang Music , is an Atlanta , Georgia-based record label , founded in 2001 , by American hip hop recording artist T.I. and his business partner Jason Geter . Up until December 2012 , the label was distributed by Atlantic Records . It currently operates as an independent record label . The label is home to artists such as B.o.B , Young Dro , Trae tha Truth and Travis Scott , among others . The label also houses a roster of record producers , including DJ Toomp , Lil ' C , Mars , Nard & B , TrackSlayerz and more . The label has released 26 studio albums in total , with 13 of them being certified gold or higher , by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) . Additionally , the label has released five albums that reached number one on the US Billboard 200 chart , namely King ( 2006 ) , T.I. vs. T.I.P. ( 2007 ) , Paper Trail ( 2008 ) , The Adventures of Bobby Ray ( 2010 ) and Birds in the Trap Sing McKnight ( 2016 ) . Furthermore , Grand Hustle has released multiple top 40 hit singles , including `` Bring 'Em Out '' , `` What You Know '' , `` Shoulder Lean '' , `` Whatever You Like '' , `` Live Your Life '' , `` Dead and Gone '' , `` Nothin ' on You '' , `` Airplanes '' , `` Magic '' , `` Strange Clouds '' , `` So Good '' , `` Both of Us '' , `` Antidote '' and more .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "5c963516cc3d91425bfa181ef0f1a547",
"text": "Young Jeezy discography The discography of Young Jeezy , an American hip hop recording artist , consists of seven studio albums , two independent albums , fifteen mixtapes , thirty-seven singles ( including nineteen as a featured artist ) and forty music videos . He has also released an album as a member of Boyz N Da Hood , as well with USDA , who are artists on his label .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "8e8ba33ecfe077d526f4b1adc6b30979",
"text": "Lil Durk discography The discography of Lil Durk , an American hip hop recording artist , consists of two studio albums , six mixtapes and six singles .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "0ccfdaa91934f0a33f7c59da75bf0ac5",
"text": "Tha Blaqprint Tha Blaqprint is the second studio album by American hip hop recording artist Blaq Poet , released June 30 , 2009 on DJ Premier 's record label Year Round Records via Fat Beats Records . It features guest appearances by the also Year Round Records signed group NYGz and Nick Javas , Capone-N-Noreaga member N.O.R.E. , Imani Montana , Lil ' Fame from M.O.P. , and the late Screwball member KL . The album was entirely produced by DJ Premier , except for two tracks : `` U Phucc 'd Up '' , produced by Easy Mo Bee , and `` Sichuwayshunz '' , produced by Gemcrates . Several tracks have been released on various mixtapes , such as `` Blaq Out '' or `` No Talent Required '' , dating all the way back to 2006 . The album 's lead single , `` Ai n't Nuttin ' Changed '' , has been released in February 2009 . There 's also a remix version to the single , released in June 2009 . It features verses by MC Eiht from Compton 's Most Wanted and Young Maylay from Ice Cube 's Lench Mob Records .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "de60f4054fc6c5fbd4b647b4cd0314f0",
"text": "Migos discography The American hip hop group Migos has released two studio albums , one extended play ( EP ) , twelve mixtapes and nineteen singles ( including eight as a featured artist ) . On July 31 , 2015 , Migos released their debut studio album , Yung Rich Nation . On January 27 , 2017 , Migos released their second studio album , Culture .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "c76d9adc20b78300d42aad436fc1a22b",
"text": "DJ Mustard Dijon Isaiah McFarlane ( born June 5 , 1990 ) , professionally known as DJ Mustard , is an American record producer , songwriter and DJ from Los Angeles , California . He is a frequent collaborator of Compton-bred rapper YG , and has produced numerous singles for hip hop and R&B artists since his entrance into mainstream music in 2011 . Mustard 's production style has been described as an up-tempo , club oriented , catchy yet rudimentary melodic hip hop style . This style has snowballed into the contemporary production style of West Coast hip hop during the early 2010s , which he calls `` ratchet music '' . Almost all of his productions begin or end with the tag `` Mustard on the beat , hoe ! '' , a voice sample of YG , who says it at the end of `` I 'm Good '' , one of their early collaborations , as well as claps and repetition of the word `` hey '' . Mustard 's debut album , 10 Summers , was released on August 26 , 2014 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "1ccec1b92d1c141b81edde97b10c7e5b",
"text": "Radio (LL Cool J album) Radio is the debut studio album by American rapper LL Cool J , released November 18 , 1985 on Def Jam Recordings in the United States . It serves as the label 's first full-length album release . Recording sessions for the album took place during 1984 to 1985 at Chung King House of Metal in New York City . The album was primarily produced by Rick Rubin , who provided a sparse and minimal production style . Radio also features a sound that is punctuated by DJ scratching , mostly brief samples , and emphasis of the downbeat . LL Cool J 's b-boy lyricism conveys themes of inner city culture , teenage promiscuity , and braggadocio raps . The album experienced a significant amount of commercial success and sales for a hip hop record at the time , earning U.S. Billboard chart success and selling over 500,000 copies within its first five months of release . On April 19 , 1989 , Radio was certified platinum in sales by the Recording Industry Association of America ( RIAA ) , following sales in excess of one million copies in the United States . Initial criticism of the album was generally positive , as LL Cool J 's lyricism and Rick Rubin 's production were praised by several music critics . It has since been recognized by critics as LL Cool J 's greatest work . Reflecting the new school and ghettoblaster subculture in the U.S. during the mid-1980s , Radio belongs to a pivotal moment in the history and culture of hip hop . Its success contributed to the displacement of the old school with the new school form and to the genre 's mainstream success during the period . Its success also served as a career breakthrough for LL Cool J and Rick Rubin . Radio has been recognized by music writers as one of the first cohesive and commercially successful hip hop albums .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d3c73e90312f03b80400cdc9d39beca4",
"text": "The Lost Tape (mixtape) The Lost Tape is the tenth mixtape by American hip hop recording artist 50 Cent . The mixtape , hosted by DJ Drama , is 50 Cent 's first `` Gangsta Grillz '' mixtape . It was released as a free download on May 22 , 2012 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dffc667205f669308824bb2f2405be3e",
"text": "DJ Drama Tyree Cinque Simmons ( born April 22 , 1978 ) , professionally known as DJ Drama , is an American disc jockey ( DJ ) and record executive from Philadelphia , Pennsylvania . He initially gained recognition as the official DJ for Atlanta-based rapper T.I. . He is perhaps best known for hosting several mixtapes , most notably his successful Gangsta Grillz series . He is also known for doing the Dedication series with New Orleans-bred rapper Lil Wayne , with the New York Times calling Dedication 2 , one of the `` 10 best recordings of 2006 '' . DJ Drama along with DJ Sense , founded Aphilliates Music Group , in 2003 . The Aphilliates Music Group signed a joint venture deal with Asylum Records in 2006 . As of January 2011 , The Aphilliates now operates as its own entity , due to DJ Drama recently cutting ties with La the Darkman and Embassy Entertainment . In December 2007 , Drama released his first studio album , Gangsta Grillz : The Album , under Atlantic Records , as well as T.I. 's label , Grand Hustle Records . His second album was the sequel Gangsta Grillz : The Album ( Vol . 2 ) , which was released in May 2009 , under Atlantic and Grand Hustle . After leaving Grand Hustle and Atlantic to focus on Aphilliates Music Group , Drama released his third album Third Power , under E1 Music and Aphilliates . In October 2012 , Drama released his fourth album Quality Street Music , under E1 and Aphilliates . In January 2014 , it was announced that DJ Drama was the new A&R for Atlantic Records . On July 22 , 2016 , he released his fifth album Quality Street Music 2 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "720c59b06fb154ead2a25f608677be0a",
"text": "Untitled 2 (EP) Untitled 2 ( stylized untitled 2 ) is the second EP by Los Angeles , California rapper Hodgy Beats . The EP was released on June 1 , 2013 . The EP features guest appearances from Left Brain and Lee Spielman .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f055bdc10419c46bed00cc3875cccbe1",
"text": "Misery Loves Comedy Misery Loves Comedy is an album by Louis Logic , an American hip hop artist and J.J. Brown , an American hip hop producer . The album focusses on Logic 's experiences with women , however , the title hints at the poor outcomes of these ventures .",
"title": ""
}
]
| fever |
740c99a0ba51638b32366a9fe0ce3a7f | Hawaii is composed of eight main islands. | [
{
"docid": "72be4c566564fce3941a36409c24f0b5",
"text": "Hawaii Hawaii ( -LSB- langpronaudio = en-us-Hawaii . ogghəˈwaɪ.i , _ - ji , _ - ʔi -RSB- ; Hawai -LSB- - hawhəˈvɐjʔi -RSB- ) is the 50th and most recent state to have joined the United States of America , having received statehood on August 21 , 1959 . Hawaii is the only U.S. state located in Oceania and the only one composed entirely of islands . It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia , occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean . Hawaii is the only U.S. state not located in the Americas . The state encompasses nearly the entire volcanic Hawaiian archipelago , which comprises hundreds of islands spread over 1500 mi . At the southeastern end of the archipelago , the eight main islands are -- in order from northwest to southeast : Niihau , Kauai , Oahu , Molokai , Lānai , Kahoolawe , Maui , and the Island of Hawaii . The last is the largest island in the group ; it is often called the `` Big Island '' or `` Hawaii Island '' to avoid confusion with the state or archipelago . The archipelago is physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania . Hawaii 's diverse natural scenery , warm tropical climate , abundance of public beaches , oceanic surroundings , and active volcanoes make it a popular destination for tourists , surfers , biologists , and volcanologists . Because of its central location in the Pacific and 19th-century labor migration , Hawaii 's culture is strongly influenced by North American and Asian cultures , in addition to its indigenous Hawaiian culture . Hawaii has over a million permanent residents , along with many visitors and U.S. military personnel . Its capital is Honolulu on the island of Oahu . Hawaii is the 8th-smallest and the 11th-least populous , but the 13th-most densely populated of the fifty U.S. states . It is the only state with an Asian plurality . The state 's coastline is about 750 mi long , the fourth longest in the U.S. after the coastlines of Alaska , Florida , and California .",
"title": ""
}
]
| [
{
"docid": "562e085f366a627daa8e2991282b755e",
"text": "1852 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii The Constitution of 1852 served as the Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii from 1852 through 1864 . It was passed during the reign of King Kamehameha III . It heavily liberalized the structure of the Hawaiian government compared to the previous 1840 constitution , introducing new elements of democracy into the government and reducing the influence of the monarch in kingdom affairs . The 1852 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii was divided into seven parts . The seven parts were : 1 . Declaration of Rights 2 . Form of Government 3 . Of the Executive Power a. Section I : The King , His Prerogatives b. Section II : Of the Kuhina Nui c. Section III : Of the Privy Council d. Section IV : Of the King 's Ministers e. Section V : Of the Governors 4 . Of the Legislative Power a. Of the House of Nobles b. Of the House of Representatives 5 . Of the Judiciary 6 . General Provisions 7 . More Amending of the Constitution The Declaration of Rights stated that the Hawaiians were a free people . The Form of Government stated that Hawaii was a Constitutional Monarchy . The section `` Of the Executive Power '' declared the powers of the executive power . The section `` Of the Legislative Power '' declared the powers of the legislative power . The section `` Of the Judiciary '' declared the powers of the judiciary . The General Provisions stated anything unmentioned earlier besides the amending power . The final section allowed for amending of the constitution .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "b518a230a5e09029ecbb327878fd288e",
"text": "Kilauea, Hawaii Kilauea is a small town on the northeastern shore of Kauai , one of the eight islands that make up the state of Hawaii . According to the Hawaii State Info website , 2,248 people reside in Kilauea , which is 1.5 square miles . The town is a census-designated place ( CDP ) in Kauai County , Hawaii , United States . Kīlauea shares the name of the active volcano , Mt. Kilauea . The name literally translates to `` spewing '' or ' `` much spreading '' in Hawaiian . Kilauea was once nicknamed the `` Guava Capital of the World '' because it was home to the Guava Kai Plantation , the largest guava plantation in the world . The Guava Kai Plantation closed in late 2006/early 2007 . The town of Kilauea is located west of the Moloaa area which includes Moloaa Forest Reserve and 6.5 miles from Moloaa Bay .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "387c1d8604c88afefefa1a62d1fbcf0b",
"text": "2012 Hawaii hailstorm On the morning of March 9 , 2012 , a particularly devastating and long-lived hailstorm hit the Hawaiian islands of Oahu and Lanai , during a severe supercell thunderstorm . This event produced the largest hailstone ever recorded in Hawaii since records began in 1950 . The hailstone was measured at 4.5 inches long , 2.25 inches tall , and 2 inches wide . National Weather Service meteorologist Tom Birchard stated that the event was `` unprecedented . '' In addition to spectacular early-morning lightning storms and flooding from the four feet ( 3.3 meters ) of rainfall received , a tornadic waterspout formed off the coast of Oahu during the morning of March 9 , 2012 . Non-supercullar waterspouts are not uncommon ( the State of Hawaii records an average of one waterspout/tornado per year ) , this mesocyclone-induced waterspout tracked inland for 1.5 miles , becoming an EF0 tornado that caused minor damage to the Enchanted Lakes subdivision of Kailua at 7:10 am Hawaiian-Aleutian Time .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "4e01d2ce9161989b35760e80c02d7c2c",
"text": "List of islands of the United States by area This is a list of islands of the United States , as ordered by area . It includes most islands with an area greater than 20 square miles ( approximately 52 km2 ) . Mainland areas cut by man-made canals are not considered islands .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "92b87d87fdd9b3b908fb5e43325a6e63",
"text": "Ancient Hawaiian aquaculture The Hawaiian people practiced aquaculture through development of fish ponds ( Hawaiian : loko ia ) , the most advanced fish husbandry among the original peoples of the Pacific . These fishponds were typically shallow areas of a reef flat surrounded by a low lava rock wall ( loko kuapa ) built out from the shore . Several species of edible fish ( such as mullet ) thrive in such ponds , and Hawaiians developed methods to make them easy to catch . The Hawaiian fishpond was primarily a grazing area in which the fishpond keeper cultivated algae ; much in the way a cattle rancher cultivates grass for his cattle . The porous lava walls let in seawater ( or sometimes fresh or brackish water , as in the case of the `` Menehune '' fishpond near Līhue , Kauai ) , but prevent the fish from escaping . Fishponds were located next to the mouth of a stream , so by opening a sluice gate the pondkeeper provided the fish with water rich in nutrients that had passed through inland , terraced pondfields and returned to the stream . Several fishponds have been restored in recent years . Although fishponds were developed on most islands , the largest number were found in Keehi Lagoon , Pearl Harbor , and Kāneohe Bay on Oahu , and along nearly the entire south shore of Molokai . Few remain today , although Molokai offers the best opportunities to view a Hawaiian loko . Three different styles of fish ponds are being reconstructed at the Kaloko-Honokōhau National Historical Park on the Big Island of Hawaii . The non-profit Aoao O Na Loko Ia O Maui is restoring Kalepolepo Fishpond also known as Koiei.e . in Kīhei using a mixture of volunteers and skilled stonemasons .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "7babf07739f530ee619ef1bfbbdd1d9d",
"text": "Namu Atoll Namu Atoll ( Marshallese : Nam̧o , -LSB- nyahmhhowow -RSB- ) is a coral atoll of 54 islands in the Pacific Ocean , and forms a legislative district of the Ralik Chain of the Marshall Islands . Its total land area is only 6.27 km2 , but that encloses a lagoon of 397 km2 . It is located approximately 62 km south-southwest of Kwajalein Atoll . There are four main population centres , the islands of Namu , Majkin , Loen and Mae . The population of Namu Atoll was 801 in 1998 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9144e3567f579d6cef6e7b269c7217c6",
"text": "Hawaiian tropical rainforests The Hawaiian tropical rainforests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in the Hawaiian Islands . They cover an area of 6700 km2 in the windward lowlands and montane regions of the islands . Coastal mesic forests are found at elevations from sea level to 300 m. Mixed mesic forests occur at elevations of 750 to , while wet forests are found from 1250 to . Moist bogs and shrublands exist on montane plateaus and depressions . For the 28 million years of existence of the Hawaiian Islands , they have been isolated from the rest of the world by vast stretches of the Pacific Ocean , and this isolation has resulted in the evolution of an incredible diversity of endemic species , including fungi , mosses , snails , birds , and other wildlife . In the lush , moist forests high in the mountains , trees are draped with vines , orchids , ferns , and mosses . This ecoregion includes one of the world 's wettest places , the slopes of Mount Waialeale , which average 460 in of rainfall per year .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3084d5dc9d56be6010fcf1626d9e3055",
"text": "Mānana Mānana Island is an uninhabited islet located 0.75 mi off Kaupō Beach , near Makapuu at the eastern end of the Island of Oahu in the Hawaiian Islands . In the Hawaiian language , mānana means `` buoyant '' . The islet is commonly referred to as Rabbit Island , because its shape as seen from the nearby Oahu shore looks something like a rabbit 's head and because it was once inhabited by introduced rabbits . The rabbit colony was established by John Adams Cummins in the 1880s when he ran the nearby Waimānalo plantation . The rabbits were eradicated about a hundred years later because they were destroying the native ecosystem , an important seabird breeding area . Mānana is a tuff cone with two vents or craters . The highest point on the islet rises to 361 ft. The island is 2319 ft long and 2147 ft wide and has an area of about 63 acre . Mānana 's only sand beach is a small storm beach on the west to south-west ( leeward ) side of the islet . This sand deposit , located above the reach of the normal waves , is about 30 ft wide and curves around to the western side of the island . Manana was formed by the Honolulu Volcanic Series . These series of eruptions are responsible for creating other tuff cones such as Punchbowl Crater . Mānana is a State Seabird Sanctuary -- home to over 10,000 wedge-tailed shearwaters , 80,000 sooty terns , 20,000 brown noddys , 5 -- 10 Bulwer 's petrels , and 10 -- 15 red-tailed tropicbirds , and numerous Hawaiian monk seals . It is illegal to land on the islet without permission from the Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ef3f6b444827ee98787c0b165b9a6350",
"text": "Ryukyu Islands The , more commonly known in Japanese as the and also known as the , are a chain of Japanese islands that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Taiwan : the Ōsumi , Tokara , Amami , Okinawa , and Sakishima Islands ( further divided into the Miyako and Yaeyama Islands ) , with Yonaguni the southernmost . The larger are mostly high islands and the smaller ones are mostly coral islands . The largest of the islands is Okinawa . The climate of the islands ranges from humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfa ) in the north to tropical rainforest climate ( Köppen climate classification Af ) in the south . Precipitation is very high , and is affected by the rainy season and typhoons . Except the outlying Daitō Islands , the island chain has two major geologic boundaries , the Tokara Strait between the Tokara and Amami Islands , and the Kerama Gap between the Okinawa and Miyako Islands . The islands beyond the Tokara Strait are characterized by their coral reefs . The Ōsumi and Tokara Islands , the northernmost of the islands , fall under the cultural sphere of the Kyushu region of Japan ; the people are ethnically Japanese and speak a variation of the Kagoshima dialect of Japanese . The Amami , Okinawa , Miyako , and Yaeyama Islands have a native population collectively called the Ryukyuan people , named for the former Ryukyu Kingdom that ruled them . The varied Ryukyuan languages are traditionally spoken on these islands , and the major islands have their own distinct languages . In modern times , the Japanese language is the primary language of the islands , with the Okinawan Japanese dialect prevalently spoken . The outlying Daitō Islands were uninhabited until the Meiji period , when their development was started mainly by people from the Izu Islands south of Tokyo , with the people there speaking the Hachijō language . Administratively , the islands are divided into Kagoshima Prefecture ( specifically the islands administered by Kagoshima District , Kumage Subprefecture/District , and Ōshima Subprefecture/District ) in the north and Okinawa Prefecture in the south , with the divide between the Amami and Okinawa Islands , with the Daitō Islands part of Okinawa Prefecture . The northern ( Kagoshima ) islands are collectively called the Satsunan Islands , while the southern part of the chain ( Okinawa Prefecture ) are called the Ryukyu Islands in Japanese .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "daf6213a85cd869a3e39879792b76a94",
"text": "Waiohinu, Hawaii Waiohinu ( Hawaiian translation : `` Shiny Water '' ) is an unincorporated community in the district of Ka'u on the Big Island -- Hawaii '' ' , of the Hawaiian Islands . Waiohinu is the name of the community as well as the ahupua'a , Native Hawaiian subdivision .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "3089882b5ec621034c43eef74e2cee35",
"text": "North Shore (Oahu) The North Shore , in the context of geography of the Island of Oahu , refers to the north-facing coastal area of Oahu between Kaena Point and Kahuku Point . The largest settlement is Haleiwa . This area is best known for its massive waves , attracting surfers from all around the globe .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "d5a9517c6cefe06f1ca6abf3d48e83c3",
"text": "Pearl Harbor National Wildlife Refuge The Pearl Harbor National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge on the island of Oahu , Hawaii . It was created in 1972 to mitigate the wildlife resource disturbances caused by construction of the Honolulu International Airport Reef Runway . The Refuge includes three units , the Honouliuli , Waiwa and Kalaeloa . The Honouliuli and Waiawa Units are managed under a cooperative agreement with the United States Navy . The Kalaeloa Unit was established during Base Realignment and Closure proceedings in 2001 . Through these cooperative efforts with the Federal Aviation Administration , the State of Hawaii , and the U.S. Navy , the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service made Pearl Harbor NWR a reality .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "9a4ca60a13c9e394c4d465a415b4a9b5",
"text": "Rulers of the Hawaiian Islands The rulers of the Hawaiian islands ( noho aliʻi o ko Hawaiʻi Pae ʻAina ) are a line of native Hawaiians who were independent rulers of various subdivisions of the land and islands of Hawaii . Their genealogy is traced to Hānalaʻanui and others . The caste system of ancient Hawaiian society was established around 1200 AD and separated the people into 4 distinct ranks that were all below the supreme ruler ( ali`i nui ) of the island . The ali`i nui would distribute the land to the lower ranking chiefs who would run the land and collect offerings and taxes . The ali`i nui would also ultimately be responsible for the sacred kapu , a system of rules designed to control social order . The noho ali`i were known for their brightly colored and intricately constructed battle regalia of feathered capes and helmets called a mahiole ( helmet ) and ʻahu ʻula ( cloak or cape ) .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "40f52b74cf03bca714318319bdd55e51",
"text": "Makakilo, Hawaii Makakilo or Makakilo City is a census-designated place and residential area located in the Ewa District on the island of Oahu in the City & County of Honolulu , United States . In Hawaiian , maka kilo means `` observing eyes '' . As of the 2010 Census , the CDP had a population of 18,248 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ad009be6ea5d99b5f18d65c80f9aab60",
"text": "North Island The North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui ( Māori ) is one of the two main islands of New Zealand , separated from the slightly larger but much less populous South Island by Cook Strait . The island 's area is 113729 km2 , making it the world 's 14th-largest island . It has a population of Twelve main urban areas ( half of them officially cities ) are in the North Island . From north to south , they are Whangarei , Auckland , Hamilton , Tauranga , Rotorua , Gisborne , New Plymouth , Napier , Hastings , Whanganui , Palmerston North , and Wellington , the capital , located at the south-west extremity of the island . About % of New Zealand 's population lives in the North Island .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "ce6b6cc53961e2bb7ea08b49591b03f2",
"text": "Line Islands The Line Islands , Teraina Islands or Equatorial Islands , is a chain of atolls ( with partially or fully enclosed lagoons ) and coral islands ( with a surrounding reef ) . Kingman Reef is a largely submerged and Filippo Reef is shown on some maps , although its existence is doubted . The islands were formed by volcanic activity and are located in the central Pacific Ocean , south of the Hawaiian Islands . The 11 islands stretch for 2,350 km in a northwest -- southeast direction , making it one of the longest island chains of the world . Eight of the islands form part of Kiribati , while the remaining three are United States territories grouped with the United States Minor Outlying Islands . Only Kiritimati and Tabuaeran atolls and Teraina Island have a permanent population . The International Date Line passes through the Line Islands . The Southern Line Islands , that are part of Kiribati , are in the world 's farthest forward time zone , UTC +14:00 . The time of day is the same as in the U.S. state of Hawaii , but the date is one day ahead . The time is 1 day and 2 hours ahead of some other islands in Oceania like Baker Island , which uses UTC − 12:00 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "f03ec05703c89c0f5a633b932b5a1d2b",
"text": "Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park Hawaii Volcanoes National Park , established on August 1 , 1916 , is a United States National Park located in the U.S. State of Hawaii on the island of Hawaii . It encompasses two active volcanoes : Kīlauea , one of the world 's most active volcanoes , and Mauna Loa , the world 's most massive shield volcano . The park delivers scientists insight into the birth of the Hawaiian Islands and ongoing studies into the processes of volcanism . For visitors , the park offers dramatic volcanic landscapes as well as glimpses of rare flora and fauna . In recognition of its outstanding natural values , Hawaii Volcanoes National Park was designated as an International Biosphere Reserve in 1980 and a World Heritage Site in 1987 . In 2012 the Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park was honored on the 14th quarter of the America the Beautiful Quarters series .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "760f39ef7e0e6a1af5d1d5f26f60d668",
"text": "Maunawili, Hawaii Maunawili is a residential census-designated place ( CDP ) in the City & County of Honolulu , Koolaupoko District , Island of Oahu , Hawaii , United States . As of the 2010 Census , the CDP had a population of 2,040 . Situated mauka ( inland or mountain side ) of Kalanianaole Highway between Castle Junction and Castle Hospital , Maunawili is nearly all private homes , schools , and a few churches ; horse stables complete the rural setting . There are no commercial establishments . However , residents are only minutes ( by car or bus ) from Kailua . Maunawili Valley extends behind the prominent windward peak known as Olomana . The residential developments extend only part way back into the valley , which is quite large and fairly wet , supporting limited agriculture ( mostly banana growing ) behind the housing . Water from the numerous streams is diverted by a ditch to much drier Waimānalo to support agricultural activities there . A golf course and agricultural research station ( HSPA ) are located in the valley . An attraction of increasing popularity is the Maunawili Demonstration Trail , a state-maintained trail that traverses the breadth of upper Maunawili Valley from the Pali Highway ( access at the `` Horseshoe Curve '' ) to Waimānalo . A connecting side trail ( Maunawili Falls Trail ) is accessible from the neighborhood in upper Maunawili . The U.S. postal code for Maunawili is the same as for Kailua : 96734 .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "6564d5f4b054e38e2f237c38b3b8a978",
"text": "Haiku Valley Haikū Valley is an amphitheater-shaped valley on the windward side of the Koolau Range behind Kāneohe , Oahu in the Hawaiian Islands . The valley was the site of a United States Navy radio transmitting station ( later taken over by the Coast Guard as an OMEGA Navigation System station ) and is part of the route of Hawaii 's Interstate H-3 . The valley is most noteworthy today for the recently refurbished Haikū Stairs ( also known as `` Stairway to Heaven '' ) , a foot trail of 3,922 metal stairs that ascends to Puu Keahiakahoe , a 2800 ft peak above the east valley wall . The stairs were originally constructed as a means of reaching the radio antenna attachment points high on the surrounding ridgeline . The trail starts at an elevation of 480 ft and covers an approximate horizontal distance of 4500 ft for an average slope of about 30 degrees ( however , some sections are nearly vertical ) . The Haikū Stairs are currently closed to the public , although people still trespass to experience the nearly two-hour climb . The facility initially was built following the attack on Pearl Harbor as a means of communicating with U.S. Navy ships as far away as Tokyo Bay . The facility had a massive antenna system consisting of five massive cable antennas draped from atop one mountain ridge , and across the mountain valley to the top of the other ridge . The ridges formed a horseshoe shape around the valley . The natural height of the mountain ridges made for an excellent means of having an elevated antenna system . The construction and use of the facility was initially a classified military secret . The walls of the main building were over 5 ft thick and made of concrete . The building was designed to withstand a 500 lb . bomb being dropped on the top of the building , allowing people inside to survive .",
"title": ""
},
{
"docid": "dbe1940bd15dd958dfd5d1b4ad042db5",
"text": "Kaneohe, Hawaii Kāneohe is a census-designated place ( CDP ) included in the City and County of Honolulu and located in Hawaii state District of Koolaupoko on the island of Oahu . In the Hawaiian language , kāne ohe means `` bamboo man '' . According to an ancient Hawaiian story a local woman compared her husband 's cruelty to the sharp edge of cutting bamboo ; thus the place was named Kāneohe or `` Bamboo man '' . The population was 34,597 at the 2010 census . Kāneohe is the largest of several communities along Kāneohe Bay and one of the two largest residential communities on the windward side of Oahu ( the other is Kailua ) . The commercial center of the town is spread mostly along Kamehameha Highway . From ancient times , Kāneohe was important as an agricultural area , owing to an abundance of rainfall . Today , Kāneohe is mostly a residential community , with very little agriculture in evidence . The only commercial crop of any consequence in the area is banana . Features of note are Hoomaluhia Botanical Garden and the new Hawaii National Veterans Cemetery . Access to Kāneohe Bay is mainly from the public pier and boat ramp located at nearby Heeia Kea . Access to Coconut Island ( restricted ) is from the state pier off Lilipuna Road . Marine Corps Base Hawaii lies across the south end of Kāneohe Bay from the central part of Kāneohe , although the town stretches along Kāneohe Bay Drive to the base perimeter . The ZIP code for Kaneohe is 96744 . There are three golf courses in Kāneohe : Pali Golf Course ( public ) , Koolau Golf Club ( privately owned but open to the public ) , and Bayview Golf Park ( privately owned but open to the public ) .",
"title": ""
}
]
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