mteb/HagridRetrieval · Datasets at Hugging Face

_id stringlengths 36 36	text stringlengths 27 1.21k	title stringclasses 1 value
7e3166ef-c965-40ad-b13e-9e3c5fdb2a4a	The Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez was built in 1959 [1].
ebc22429-1af0-417e-b063-e8b76b25725a	Modern day Egyptians speak Egyptian Arabic which has become the modern speech of the country [2]. Arabic is Egypt's official language [2] and Modern Standard Arabic is the official language of Egypt [5].
4dab3f3c-0ebd-4517-b3cb-7ca49a3765cb	The town of Simcoe, Ontario was founded in 1795 by Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe. [1]
52aeb829-cc26-48cc-8324-23028075f54c	No, it is not necessary to go to a four-year university to become a pharmacy tech. The requirements for becoming a pharmacy technician vary depending on the state within the United States. Some states may require certification from board-approved schools or passing a national exam such as PTCE or ExCpT [2]. Additionally, in some countries, students could attend a college or vocational school of pharmacy followed by practice to enter a university of pharmacy or the pharmacy department of a university of medicine and pharmacy, where they could earn a 3-year or 4-year bachelor's degree equivalent to a 5-year bachelor's degree [1].
65fbf4f1-0e9a-4565-9751-e6d426faf087	NASA was formed on July 29, 1958 [1][2][3][4][7]
88f39a79-870e-4950-b346-a60b1c5548e7	Wine is aged in oak barrels, with the size and style of the barrel affecting the taste of the wine. The two most common styles are the Bordeaux barriques style and the slightly larger Burgundy style [1][2][7] . Chestnut barrels were traditionally used in some regions, but oak barrels have become more common [5]. The wine is typically aged for at least 6 months in-barrel, but some producers barrel-age for as much as 20 months [3]. The oak barrels can be new, previously used to age wine or spirits or wood chips, spirals or cubes may be added to the conditioning tanks [4]. The wines are aged for at least a year to 18 months in the oak barrels before they are blended with lots between barrels of different ages and bottled [1].
3564cba5-70c7-45aa-9bc3-6c5d99740fe7	The "Blue Exorcist" manga series was first serialized in the monthly manga magazine "Jump Square" by Shueisha in April 2009 [3]. The first "tankōbon" volume of the manga series was published on August 4, 2009. As for the anime series, it began broadcasting in Japan on April 17, 2011 [1][2]. Aniplex of America also released the series on DVD in four sets, starting with the first DVD on October 18, 2011 [1][2]
f0744f27-6341-4b99-a45e-59fe7e22b4b4	The lead designer on FF14 is Naoki Yoshida [1][2]
3f4fb424-3800-4998-abaf-c9005236593f	The maximum depth of Lake Victoria is between 80 meters and 84 meters, with an average depth of approximately 40 meters. [1]
cc4a3c8b-1c83-4e3d-b471-89587f49d27d	Digestive enzymes are found in the digestive tracts of animals (including humans) and in the traps of carnivorous plants, as well as inside cells, especially in their lysosomes. The specific sites where digestive enzymes are found include the saliva secreted by the salivary glands, the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine. [1]
2e02d29a-2e62-4cb8-a7a3-78efddce0193	The largest international backgammon organization is the World Backgammon Association (WBA), which has been holding several backgammon tours and events around the globe, including the "European Backgammon Tour" (EBGT), the "US Open," and the "Crowns Cup" [1]. Additionally, the WBA collaborated with Play65 and Betfair for the 2011 and 2012 seasons [1].
6bcefe9d-12de-4a27-9b13-8dc297694d34	Yes, Romania had a monarchy. The Kingdom of Romania was a constitutional monarchy that existed from 1881 when prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was crowned as King Carol I of Romania until 1947 when King Michael I of Romania abdicated, and the Parliament proclaimed Romania a republic [1]. However, in 1947, the monarchy was abolished, and Romania became a People's Republic [2].
52a3f3ef-e961-4e4d-a92d-2e70fb33e68b	The lowest temperature recorded in Uranus's tropopause is 49 K (−224 °C), making Uranus the coldest planet in the Solar System, colder than Neptune [1].
479c6500-6a32-4c6d-a396-55c72e640fc4	No, Genoa is not a country. It is a town in Eastern Gippsland, Victoria, Australia [1] and a city located between the Ligurian Sea and the Apennine Mountains in Italy [2], divided into five main zones: the centre, the west, the east, the Polcevera and the Bisagno Valley [2].
18ba60d9-b198-4fc7-9801-b89b5825a868	Xenoblade Chronicles 2 was released worldwide on December 1, 2017 [1][3]
5592bef4-5fd4-4622-8dad-51b1fcc87cec	The fault line for Hawaii is located in the Koa’e Fault Zone which connects the East and Southwest Rift Zones on Kilauea Volcano. It intersects the East Rift near the Pauahi Crater and extends nearly 12 kilometers in an east-northeast direction towards the westernmost boundary near Mauna Iki and the Southwest Rift Zone. The Koa’e Fault Zone also covers boundaries of 2 kilometers in a north-south orientation along the 12 kilometer length. It has been active for tens of thousands of years [1].
141c57db-b670-45f4-97a3-c9e20a1f5f87	The first power amplifier was created around 1912, thanks to the invention of the first practical amplifying electrical component, the triode vacuum tube, by Lee De Forest in 1907 [1][2][3]
fe71550b-ae06-4c34-8b28-c5669af2226f	Konami published the Silent Hill series [1, 3, 4]. The first installment of the series was developed by Team Silent, a group in Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo [1]. However, the series has been taken over by external developers later on [2].
9916b306-d8d9-4116-afee-c3e1ab746b66	The highway that connects Texas to Canada is the CanAm Highway. [1] It passes through six U.S. states including Texas and the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The CanAm Highway follows US 85 from El Paso, Texas to the border between the United States and Canada. [2]
11581c0c-eb0a-4d62-a36f-788a92a45eeb	Han Hyo-joo was born on February 22, 1987 [1].
039e2899-3b8b-4975-8bcb-99d625d8ecf6	The first true mitrailleuse was developed in 1851 by Belgian Army captain Fafschamps [1]. The Belgian Montigny mitrailleuse was completed with 37 barrels in 1863 by Joseph Montigny and Louis Christophe [2]. Later, the French Reffye mitrailleuse was designed by Jean-Baptiste Verchère de Reffye and Joseph Montigny in collaboration [1][2] . The Reffye mitrailleuse was adopted by the French Army in 1865 and was kept as a secret weapon initially [2]. It was first deployed in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 and became the first rapid-firing weapon deployed as standard equipment by any army in a major conflict [1].
3883aa1c-b2dd-4fba-84d9-252c1faacdde	The stadium that hosted the 2007 Pacific Life Holiday Bowl is Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego. [1]
485b20c5-ced7-4543-aec2-f8ab8ced4731	Guillaume Apollinaire was 38 years old when he died in the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918. [1]
c20a5af4-4731-4e9a-978a-88ce74c53453	The Linnwood historical society is located at 11-35 Byron Road, Guildford in the Cumberland Council local government area of New South Wales, Australia. [1]
5ef4e0e3-f041-411a-ad4a-5c8f9ef88623	No, Catholicism has not always been the national religion of Spain. Catholicism became the state religion in 1851 when the Spanish government signed the Concordat of 1851 with the Vatican. However, the Spanish Constitution of 1978 abolished Catholicism as the official state religion, while recognizing the role it plays in Spanish society [3][5] . During the Franco regime, Roman Catholicism was the only religion to have legal status and Catholic religious instruction was mandatory, even in public schools [2]. According to a June 2016 study by the Spanish Centre for Sociological Research, about 70% of Spaniards self-identify as Catholics [1].
11150096-2d62-4c7a-b981-b650a444c250	The unit used to measure mass is kilogram (kg) [1, 3, 6].
ff40dc53-eca5-4634-950c-81fd28d15aae	Based on the given context, the population of Letterkenny is 19,274. [1]
7a074840-a0c6-42ee-ae91-8a3060777ceb	Yes, the common law system is one of the most widespread legal systems in the world [2]. It originated in England after the Norman Conquest in 1066 and spread throughout the British Empire to its former colonies such as Australia, Canada, India, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States (on a state level, excluding Louisiana) [3][4] . However, it is not the only widely used legal system in the world, as the civil law system also has a significant presence worldwide [1].
86218a7a-ba7f-4698-aa4a-7751e031b6bc	Eugene Sternberg was born on January 15, 1915. [1]
55ea661c-1b24-486d-b5a3-41d592e008a2	Fiji is located in the South West Pacific, between Vanuatu and Tonga. It is located between 176° 53′ east and 178° 12′ west, and the International Date Line is bent to give uniform time (UTC+12) to all of the Fiji group. With the exception of Rotuma, the Fiji group lies between 15° 42′ and 20° 02′ south. [1]
7c4eca80-0e33-4140-b871-3d003fae89d5	Based on the given context, Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov became General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union after Brezhnev's death on November 12, 1982. [1]
436c61b1-458c-496a-9017-03864d06d5e0	Plants vs. Zombies was first released on May 5, 2009, for Microsoft Windows and OS X [1].
4bb330a1-528c-49a7-aded-f6db947437ed	Based on the given context [1],
e1dfb5b5-6ecc-43a0-ae4c-628e5628e232	Campbelltown is located in the metropolitan area of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [1], about south west of the Sydney central business district [2].
5e4d639e-846f-48b5-aa19-f92d62f3967c	The deepest point in the Pacific Ocean is the Challenger Deep, which is located in the Mariana Trench. Its maximum estimated depth is (plus or minus 11 meters; ± ) [1][2] . In 1960, the Trieste, manned by a crew of two men, successfully reached the bottom of the Challenger Deep [1].
3811ebd6-015f-47f3-856b-91caaec22fdf	The first Baryonyx fossils were discovered in 1983 in the Weald Clay Formation of Surrey, England by amateur fossil collector William J. Walker [1]. The remains were described as the holotype of a new species, "Baryonyx walkeri" by paleontologists Alan J. Charig and Angela C. Milner in 1986 [1, 2].
fc0ecfc4-fc40-4caa-9c13-54037770c13b	Based on the given context, stradivarius violins were made around 1700. [1]
8d9c0d23-8498-40f9-a1b3-8da93cf313a1	Based on the contexts provided, Kaine Parker is not known to have appeared in any Marvel films. The given contexts only mention that Kaine Parker is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics [1].
6b0d305a-7b29-4bc9-8747-bbc84b389902	Based on the given context, the authorized end strength of the Canadian Forces is 126,500, including 71,500 Regular Force members, 30,000 Reserve Force members, and 25,000 civilian employees [1].
24f47115-f2c9-4e2f-8e8c-c64aa30701de	Latin was primarily spoken in the Roman provinces of Southeastern Europe (Jireček Line) and originated from the prehistoric language of the Latium region around the River Tiber, where Roman civilization developed [1][2] . Additionally, Latin was also spoken in British and African Romance and disappeared in the Middle Ages [4]. Furthermore, in the context of Gallo-Romance and French, Latin became primarily a written language and was separated from the ordinary spoken language of the people [3].
e8f54a9a-a6e9-4907-96df-ab1d42d5efa0	Yes, there is an actors' union. Actors in the United States are members of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) or American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA); both merged into the SAG-AFTRA union in October 2012. [2]
926dc929-4a89-4535-90f9-f7a4c6e2d068	Based on the information given in the contexts provided, Kubo and the Two Strings was released theatrically in the United States in 2016 on August 19th [4].
27be4b82-7dd2-444d-93fa-9059df9ba11c	The Smilodon lived during the Pleistocene epoch, which occurred from 2.5 million years ago to 10,000 years ago. [1][2]
2ec8fe07-c642-43bf-98fe-eab79257ba11	Ivan Petrovich Pavlov lived from 1849 to 1936 [1].
984518d5-8c44-460d-b24e-3a6eb8c0f6f5	The blood quantum for the Mississippi Choctaw is one-half "tribal blood quantum" [1].
0cb8a35a-dc3f-4085-a127-418d5e258502	George Boole invented Boolean logic. [1],
a34c5da7-d4eb-46f0-8f1b-201836324973	The first Jewish communities of significant size came to England with William the Conqueror in 1066. [1]
58173159-dbf2-4c71-aad5-28ab0ed9ab0a	The Enlightenment spread to America during the American Enlightenment period in the 17th to 18th century [2]. The American Enlightenment was influenced by the European Enlightenment, which had already gained momentum in many parts of Europe and America during the 18th century [1].
5ccbf58d-3e35-4a7f-966e-78ab420bddec	The last ruling monarch of Spain was Juan Carlos I, who reigned from 1975 until his abdication in 2014. [1]
f4b09f42-8a94-49f5-a3c8-9b0028121c16	The First Sino-Japanese War was fought between China and Japan from July 25, 1894, to April 17, 1895, primarily over influence in Korea. [1] The war resulted in six months of unbroken successes by Japanese land and naval forces, and the Qing government sued for peace in February 1895. [1] This war is the subject of the 2012 Chinese historical war film, "The Sino-Japanese War at Sea 1894," directed and written by Feng Xiaoning. [2][4] Combat experience in this war convinced Japan of weaknesses in the Jeune Ecole naval philosophy and inspired the country's ten-year naval build-up program, which was paid for from the indemnity paid by China after losing the war. [5] The Second Sino-Japanese War, which China lost to Japan, can be traced to the First Sino-Japanese War. [3]
6d110384-e5ac-42ce-b0c7-bec7820497a9	The Bill of Rights was written in 1689 [1].
fbadc1ac-64cd-4c38-875c-8966bca23236	Yes, Sir Michael Thomas Somare has kids. He has five children named Bertha, Sana, Arthur, Michael Jnr, and Dulciana, whom he had with his wife Veronica Lady Somare. [1]
b1f49822-8e85-4ef6-891b-06e142f1df0b	Yes, medications can cause Long QT. The Long QT syndrome is often a genetic condition (context [1] and [3]), but a prolonged QT interval can be induced by certain medications (context [1] and [4]). Drug-induced QT prolongation may be caused by the use of antiarrhythmic drugs, antibiotics, or antihistamines (context [1]). Clarithromycin is an example of a medication that can lead to a prolonged QT interval (context [4]). Abnormalities in the QT interval increase the risk of developing abnormal heart rhythms and sudden cardiac death (context [2]). [1][2][4]
a1aec181-82de-4f04-90d4-9de67b90b985	The Apalachin meeting was a summit of the American Mafia held at Joseph "Joe the Barber" Barbara's home in Apalachin, New York on November 14, 1957. The meeting was allegedly held to discuss various illegal activities such as loansharking, narcotics trafficking, and gambling, along with dividing the illegal operations controlled by the late Albert Anastasia. An estimated 100 Mafiosi from the United States, Italy, and Cuba are thought to have attended this meeting. Vito Genovese, then head of the renamed Genovese family, initially called the meeting as a way to recognize his new power as "capo dei capi". [1][2]
de2e64cb-4476-4afa-a4c2-290c9b93da8b	The Avatar in the show is Aang [1].
b8a67497-2a88-4a78-9ed0-ed854c26bf78	Based on the given context, James Thomas Aubrey Jr. was born on December 14, 1918. [1]
44997f03-f299-4c1e-819b-8833a1c4a766	Martin Heidegger was born on September 26, 1889 [1].
f2ddebf9-e71a-4eda-911c-bb7fbeb09690	Today, soybean is commercially grown in many countries, including the USA, Brazil, and Argentina, which account for a significant portion of its production and harvest [1]. South American countries, such as Brazil and Argentina, have experienced significant growth in the soybean industry in recent years, resulting in economic expansion but also raising concerns about social justice due to the competition faced by small-scale farmers [2].
3a75f467-0471-42da-a25d-9454f9b11125	The International Court of Justice was formed in 1945 with its work beginning in 1946 as the successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice. [1][2]
ea6ba017-ab09-4b94-a5f9-ce263734a351	Lee Kuan Yew was the first Prime Minister of Singapore. He became Prime Minister after the People's Action Party swept to power with 43 out of the 51 seats in the 1959 general elections. [1][3][4][5]
c2dda5c8-47fe-4670-91df-a8e613f40589	The first volume of The Kingkiller Chronicle, also known as The Name of the Wind, was published on March 27, 2007 by DAW Books. [1]
d3a0a769-7ba5-431c-b4bf-1ef5abd8dec6	The Ptolemaic dynasty lasted for 275 years, from 305 to 30 BC. [1]
d165c8d3-6727-4430-8077-ed3a3779cfdb	The Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya was built in 1991 and began hosting the Spanish Grand Prix in the same year. [1]
9eb185f1-da53-4cab-ae47-e083a1df61f0	Julius Caesar Chappelle was a slave on a plantation in South Carolina. [1]
cfe631f4-2314-40d5-ba11-2d6ab84e91e9	The angle of the Leaning Tower of Pisa is 3.97° after its stabilization [1]. It leaned at an angle of 5.5 degrees in 1990, but following remedial work between 1993 and 2001 this was reduced to 3.97 degrees, reducing the overhang by 45 cm at a cost of £200m. It lost a further 4 cm of tilt in the two decades to 2018 [2].
5467e757-834e-4e76-ba13-49645f9cc37d	The population of Thailand is about 63 million people. [1]
84a07c07-739e-4a5e-b6c4-3b0844654a3d	Nickelodeon network started on April 1, 1979 [1].
714289e2-256a-44f1-a3b4-c2fbd3066286	The Montana Vigilantes were formed in 1863 [1].
b43c7e12-6fd2-4f82-a99f-eb428152cdcd	Jean Michel Rollin Roth Le Gentil was born on November 3, 1938. [1][2]
158a87f4-8a7a-4ebf-846a-7554f0f3d09b	Yes, Catalonia did trade with France, but there was intermittent conflict between Spain and France which affected the trading. However, in the late 17th century, the Catalan economy recovered and grew because of the export of wine to England and the Dutch Republic due to French minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert's trade war against the Dutch and their participation in the Nine Years' War against France, as a consequence, they weren't able to trade with French wine [1].
2ac97052-0f1e-46bf-a69e-92a83b84d5e7	Based on the given context, Windows XP is no longer supported by Microsoft [1]. While security updates were provided till April 8, 2014, free technical support, warranty claims, and design changes were no longer being offered since April 14, 2009. However, paid "Custom Support" plans were offered for critical patches, and are still available to customers subscribing to it [1].
0505b9c0-693c-40e1-94e9-860f28d23d1f	Anatolia is in Turkey [1,2]. Specifically, the Anatolian part of Turkey accounts for 95% of the country's area [1].
5462c231-40c1-41eb-af50-c42b5fe36396	The Valencia Street Circuit in Spain was built in 2008 and first used for the European Grand Prix which was held on 24 August 2008. [1]
a9d616d5-0a89-4554-bc9a-fa9494b12be9	Based on the given context [1],
2b939ac3-d466-4c8b-83ca-5fd5b1d67ca9	Takeo Fukuda became prime minister of Japan on December 24, 1976 [1].
25c8d6f1-61b9-493d-a955-6fb1dcaf8591	Mathematical Physics is used for studying and solving problems in physics within a mathematically rigorous framework [1]. It blends pure mathematics and physics to cover a broad range of academic research areas [1].
d856f898-40f8-45e5-98c6-941199238bec	The Dreamfall Chapters game was initially planned to be a full-length game, but it was released as an episodic game due to mounting production costs. The first "book", subtitled "Reborn," was released on 21 October 2014. The game was released in five episodes between 21 October 2014 and 17 June 2016 [1,2].
82f7b8e0-8ebc-4cd0-b442-506b57a60237	Melissa Benoist plays Supergirl in the TV series [1][2]
a5cdd300-45a6-40b5-94a2-c8795c135db3	Based on the given context [1],
1af4a325-46b6-469c-9cf4-184646a7fc21	The bystander effect is caused by the diffusion of responsibility, in which individuals are less likely to intervene in a situation when they know others are present watching, and thus feel less responsible to act [1]. The presence of other individuals also reinforces mutual denial and diffusion of responsibility, contributing to the bystander effect [2].
7e9de42c-af19-4999-ad22-97722604a482	Based on the given context [1],
7dfbd7f0-2908-4c69-8f4f-66e2bc26f1fc	Yes, Hepatitis B is contagious [1]. Explanation: The given context [1] mentions that Hepatitis B is a contagious virus that affects the liver. It further explains that two different types of infections exist for this disease, "acute" and "chronic." It also mentions that since 1990, when the vaccine was introduced as a routine vaccination in children, rates of acute Hepatitis B have decreased in the United States by 82%. Thus, it can be concluded that Hepatitis B is a contagious disease and can spread from person to person through contact with infected blood, semen, or other body fluids [1].
75054d86-fc26-4276-a0bd-8d66726857c9	The TV show "90210" first aired on October 4, 1990 as per the context [1]
766fc25f-bea6-4221-8068-49c61d7795b2	Yes, Alfie Moon is a character on EastEnders. He returned to the show on 21 September 2010 after leaving on 25 December 2005. [1]
9ba2e61f-a366-459a-b6a4-f0b21e7e92bb	The Berlin Wall was built on August 13, 1961 [1].
3fc7cc9a-87bb-481f-9cd0-c911997cd4cb	The first film directed by Penelope Spheeris was "The Decline of Western Civilization" in 1981, a documentary film that covers the punk rock culture of Los Angeles. [1][2]
e6b6f7c3-6b79-4473-9cfe-ee1436495854	Humans are considered omnivores, as they have a diet that includes both animal and plant matter [1].
a436ac95-2adf-42b7-a42c-ac7f0c78f710	The most common natural polymer is cellulose [1].
9987489a-909f-4c41-bad8-79e87cc5c18b	The zebra mussels are naturally from the lakes of southern Russia and Ukraine. [3]
ef9cdd6b-532d-4531-a0c5-57434f23e4bf	Gabrielle Bonheur "Coco" Chanel was born in the charity hospital run by the Sisters of Providence in Saumur, Maine-et-Loire, France. [1]
cc7dc2cc-1ede-4375-a1c9-bb39fc5a0821	Yes, a French creole is a creole language for which French is the lexifier. French-based creole languages are spoken widely and natively by millions of people around the globe. These languages are primarily spoken in the Americas and on archipelagos throughout the Indian Ocean. [3] Haitian Creole, which is the result of the dialect to evolve from a pidgin to a Creole, is a syntactic cousin of Fon, a Gbe language of the Niger-Congo family spoken in Benin, despite drawing 90% of its lexicon from French. [4]
12ac4fdc-3a42-49b9-b960-37994da3e833	The Earth's atmosphere contains approximately 21% oxygen [1][2][3][4]
c55d1dc6-4024-4f27-885f-a873b1bf87b7	The latest released Assassin's Creed game is "Assassin's Creed Origins" which was released worldwide on October 27, 2017 for PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Windows [1].
e433cb0a-1694-4191-a414-e4b500c3e948	The term "guerrilla" is used because it refers to irregular warfare tactics employed by small, mobile groups of fighters who aim to weaken a larger, more-cumbersome opponent by attrition, eventually forcing them to withdraw. This type of warfare seeks to win popular support and political influence, and is often waged in difficult terrain with a sympathetic populace [1, 2].
f9be84d7-eae3-448e-afff-0b3bcb3e260d	The first film directed by Andrei Tarkovsky was "Ivan's Childhood" in 1962. [1]
dfcf3423-e363-4b33-baef-fc469a464fe9	The song "Happy Days" was written by Norman Gimbel and Charles Fox [1][2]

7e3166ef-c965-40ad-b13e-9e3c5fdb2a4a

The Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez was built in 1959 [1].

ebc22429-1af0-417e-b063-e8b76b25725a

Modern day Egyptians speak Egyptian Arabic which has become the modern speech of the country [2]. Arabic is Egypt's official language [2] and Modern Standard Arabic is the official language of Egypt [5].

4dab3f3c-0ebd-4517-b3cb-7ca49a3765cb

The town of Simcoe, Ontario was founded in 1795 by Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe. [1]

52aeb829-cc26-48cc-8324-23028075f54c

No, it is not necessary to go to a four-year university to become a pharmacy tech. The requirements for becoming a pharmacy technician vary depending on the state within the United States. Some states may require certification from board-approved schools or passing a national exam such as PTCE or ExCpT [2]. Additionally, in some countries, students could attend a college or vocational school of pharmacy followed by practice to enter a university of pharmacy or the pharmacy department of a university of medicine and pharmacy, where they could earn a 3-year or 4-year bachelor's degree equivalent to a 5-year bachelor's degree [1].

65fbf4f1-0e9a-4565-9751-e6d426faf087

NASA was formed on July 29, 1958 [1][2][3][4][7]

88f39a79-870e-4950-b346-a60b1c5548e7

Wine is aged in oak barrels, with the size and style of the barrel affecting the taste of the wine. The two most common styles are the Bordeaux barriques style and the slightly larger Burgundy style [1][2][7] . Chestnut barrels were traditionally used in some regions, but oak barrels have become more common [5]. The wine is typically aged for at least 6 months in-barrel, but some producers barrel-age for as much as 20 months [3]. The oak barrels can be new, previously used to age wine or spirits or wood chips, spirals or cubes may be added to the conditioning tanks [4]. The wines are aged for at least a year to 18 months in the oak barrels before they are blended with lots between barrels of different ages and bottled [1].

3564cba5-70c7-45aa-9bc3-6c5d99740fe7

The "Blue Exorcist" manga series was first serialized in the monthly manga magazine "Jump Square" by Shueisha in April 2009 [3]. The first "tankōbon" volume of the manga series was published on August 4, 2009. As for the anime series, it began broadcasting in Japan on April 17, 2011 [1][2]. Aniplex of America also released the series on DVD in four sets, starting with the first DVD on October 18, 2011 [1][2]

f0744f27-6341-4b99-a45e-59fe7e22b4b4

The lead designer on FF14 is Naoki Yoshida [1][2]

3f4fb424-3800-4998-abaf-c9005236593f

The maximum depth of Lake Victoria is between 80 meters and 84 meters, with an average depth of approximately 40 meters. [1]

cc4a3c8b-1c83-4e3d-b471-89587f49d27d

Digestive enzymes are found in the digestive tracts of animals (including humans) and in the traps of carnivorous plants, as well as inside cells, especially in their lysosomes. The specific sites where digestive enzymes are found include the saliva secreted by the salivary glands, the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine. [1]

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The largest international backgammon organization is the World Backgammon Association (WBA), which has been holding several backgammon tours and events around the globe, including the "European Backgammon Tour" (EBGT), the "US Open," and the "Crowns Cup" [1]. Additionally, the WBA collaborated with Play65 and Betfair for the 2011 and 2012 seasons [1].

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Yes, Romania had a monarchy. The Kingdom of Romania was a constitutional monarchy that existed from 1881 when prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was crowned as King Carol I of Romania until 1947 when King Michael I of Romania abdicated, and the Parliament proclaimed Romania a republic [1]. However, in 1947, the monarchy was abolished, and Romania became a People's Republic [2].

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The lowest temperature recorded in Uranus's tropopause is 49 K (−224 °C), making Uranus the coldest planet in the Solar System, colder than Neptune [1].

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No, Genoa is not a country. It is a town in Eastern Gippsland, Victoria, Australia [1] and a city located between the Ligurian Sea and the Apennine Mountains in Italy [2], divided into five main zones: the centre, the west, the east, the Polcevera and the Bisagno Valley [2].

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Xenoblade Chronicles 2 was released worldwide on December 1, 2017 [1][3]

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The fault line for Hawaii is located in the Koa’e Fault Zone which connects the East and Southwest Rift Zones on Kilauea Volcano. It intersects the East Rift near the Pauahi Crater and extends nearly 12 kilometers in an east-northeast direction towards the westernmost boundary near Mauna Iki and the Southwest Rift Zone. The Koa’e Fault Zone also covers boundaries of 2 kilometers in a north-south orientation along the 12 kilometer length. It has been active for tens of thousands of years [1].

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The first power amplifier was created around 1912, thanks to the invention of the first practical amplifying electrical component, the triode vacuum tube, by Lee De Forest in 1907 [1][2][3]

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Konami published the Silent Hill series [1, 3, 4]. The first installment of the series was developed by Team Silent, a group in Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo [1]. However, the series has been taken over by external developers later on [2].

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The highway that connects Texas to Canada is the CanAm Highway. [1] It passes through six U.S. states including Texas and the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The CanAm Highway follows US 85 from El Paso, Texas to the border between the United States and Canada. [2]

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Han Hyo-joo was born on February 22, 1987 [1].

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The first true mitrailleuse was developed in 1851 by Belgian Army captain Fafschamps [1]. The Belgian Montigny mitrailleuse was completed with 37 barrels in 1863 by Joseph Montigny and Louis Christophe [2]. Later, the French Reffye mitrailleuse was designed by Jean-Baptiste Verchère de Reffye and Joseph Montigny in collaboration [1][2] . The Reffye mitrailleuse was adopted by the French Army in 1865 and was kept as a secret weapon initially [2]. It was first deployed in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71 and became the first rapid-firing weapon deployed as standard equipment by any army in a major conflict [1].

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The stadium that hosted the 2007 Pacific Life Holiday Bowl is Qualcomm Stadium in San Diego. [1]

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Guillaume Apollinaire was 38 years old when he died in the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918. [1]

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The Linnwood historical society is located at 11-35 Byron Road, Guildford in the Cumberland Council local government area of New South Wales, Australia. [1]

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No, Catholicism has not always been the national religion of Spain. Catholicism became the state religion in 1851 when the Spanish government signed the Concordat of 1851 with the Vatican. However, the Spanish Constitution of 1978 abolished Catholicism as the official state religion, while recognizing the role it plays in Spanish society [3][5] . During the Franco regime, Roman Catholicism was the only religion to have legal status and Catholic religious instruction was mandatory, even in public schools [2]. According to a June 2016 study by the Spanish Centre for Sociological Research, about 70% of Spaniards self-identify as Catholics [1].

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The unit used to measure mass is kilogram (kg) [1, 3, 6].

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Based on the given context, the population of Letterkenny is 19,274. [1]

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Yes, the common law system is one of the most widespread legal systems in the world [2]. It originated in England after the Norman Conquest in 1066 and spread throughout the British Empire to its former colonies such as Australia, Canada, India, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States (on a state level, excluding Louisiana) [3][4] . However, it is not the only widely used legal system in the world, as the civil law system also has a significant presence worldwide [1].

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Eugene Sternberg was born on January 15, 1915. [1]

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Fiji is located in the South West Pacific, between Vanuatu and Tonga. It is located between 176° 53′ east and 178° 12′ west, and the International Date Line is bent to give uniform time (UTC+12) to all of the Fiji group. With the exception of Rotuma, the Fiji group lies between 15° 42′ and 20° 02′ south. [1]

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Based on the given context, Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov became General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union after Brezhnev's death on November 12, 1982. [1]

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Plants vs. Zombies was first released on May 5, 2009, for Microsoft Windows and OS X [1].

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Based on the given context [1],

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Campbelltown is located in the metropolitan area of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [1], about south west of the Sydney central business district [2].

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The deepest point in the Pacific Ocean is the Challenger Deep, which is located in the Mariana Trench. Its maximum estimated depth is (plus or minus 11 meters; ± ) [1][2] . In 1960, the Trieste, manned by a crew of two men, successfully reached the bottom of the Challenger Deep [1].

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The first Baryonyx fossils were discovered in 1983 in the Weald Clay Formation of Surrey, England by amateur fossil collector William J. Walker [1]. The remains were described as the holotype of a new species, "Baryonyx walkeri" by paleontologists Alan J. Charig and Angela C. Milner in 1986 [1, 2].

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Based on the given context, stradivarius violins were made around 1700. [1]

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Based on the contexts provided, Kaine Parker is not known to have appeared in any Marvel films. The given contexts only mention that Kaine Parker is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics [1].

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Based on the given context, the authorized end strength of the Canadian Forces is 126,500, including 71,500 Regular Force members, 30,000 Reserve Force members, and 25,000 civilian employees [1].

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Latin was primarily spoken in the Roman provinces of Southeastern Europe (Jireček Line) and originated from the prehistoric language of the Latium region around the River Tiber, where Roman civilization developed [1][2] . Additionally, Latin was also spoken in British and African Romance and disappeared in the Middle Ages [4]. Furthermore, in the context of Gallo-Romance and French, Latin became primarily a written language and was separated from the ordinary spoken language of the people [3].

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Yes, there is an actors' union. Actors in the United States are members of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) or American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA); both merged into the SAG-AFTRA union in October 2012. [2]

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Based on the information given in the contexts provided, Kubo and the Two Strings was released theatrically in the United States in 2016 on August 19th [4].

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The Smilodon lived during the Pleistocene epoch, which occurred from 2.5 million years ago to 10,000 years ago. [1][2]

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Ivan Petrovich Pavlov lived from 1849 to 1936 [1].

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The blood quantum for the Mississippi Choctaw is one-half "tribal blood quantum" [1].

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George Boole invented Boolean logic. [1],

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The first Jewish communities of significant size came to England with William the Conqueror in 1066. [1]

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The Enlightenment spread to America during the American Enlightenment period in the 17th to 18th century [2]. The American Enlightenment was influenced by the European Enlightenment, which had already gained momentum in many parts of Europe and America during the 18th century [1].

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The last ruling monarch of Spain was Juan Carlos I, who reigned from 1975 until his abdication in 2014. [1]

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The First Sino-Japanese War was fought between China and Japan from July 25, 1894, to April 17, 1895, primarily over influence in Korea. [1] The war resulted in six months of unbroken successes by Japanese land and naval forces, and the Qing government sued for peace in February 1895. [1] This war is the subject of the 2012 Chinese historical war film, "The Sino-Japanese War at Sea 1894," directed and written by Feng Xiaoning. [2][4] Combat experience in this war convinced Japan of weaknesses in the Jeune Ecole naval philosophy and inspired the country's ten-year naval build-up program, which was paid for from the indemnity paid by China after losing the war. [5] The Second Sino-Japanese War, which China lost to Japan, can be traced to the First Sino-Japanese War. [3]

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The Bill of Rights was written in 1689 [1].

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Yes, Sir Michael Thomas Somare has kids. He has five children named Bertha, Sana, Arthur, Michael Jnr, and Dulciana, whom he had with his wife Veronica Lady Somare. [1]

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Yes, medications can cause Long QT. The Long QT syndrome is often a genetic condition (context [1] and [3]), but a prolonged QT interval can be induced by certain medications (context [1] and [4]). Drug-induced QT prolongation may be caused by the use of antiarrhythmic drugs, antibiotics, or antihistamines (context [1]). Clarithromycin is an example of a medication that can lead to a prolonged QT interval (context [4]). Abnormalities in the QT interval increase the risk of developing abnormal heart rhythms and sudden cardiac death (context [2]). [1][2][4]

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The Apalachin meeting was a summit of the American Mafia held at Joseph "Joe the Barber" Barbara's home in Apalachin, New York on November 14, 1957. The meeting was allegedly held to discuss various illegal activities such as loansharking, narcotics trafficking, and gambling, along with dividing the illegal operations controlled by the late Albert Anastasia. An estimated 100 Mafiosi from the United States, Italy, and Cuba are thought to have attended this meeting. Vito Genovese, then head of the renamed Genovese family, initially called the meeting as a way to recognize his new power as "capo dei capi". [1][2]

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The Avatar in the show is Aang [1].

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Based on the given context, James Thomas Aubrey Jr. was born on December 14, 1918. [1]

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Martin Heidegger was born on September 26, 1889 [1].

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Today, soybean is commercially grown in many countries, including the USA, Brazil, and Argentina, which account for a significant portion of its production and harvest [1]. South American countries, such as Brazil and Argentina, have experienced significant growth in the soybean industry in recent years, resulting in economic expansion but also raising concerns about social justice due to the competition faced by small-scale farmers [2].

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The International Court of Justice was formed in 1945 with its work beginning in 1946 as the successor to the Permanent Court of International Justice. [1][2]

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Lee Kuan Yew was the first Prime Minister of Singapore. He became Prime Minister after the People's Action Party swept to power with 43 out of the 51 seats in the 1959 general elections. [1][3][4][5]

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The first volume of The Kingkiller Chronicle, also known as The Name of the Wind, was published on March 27, 2007 by DAW Books. [1]

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The Ptolemaic dynasty lasted for 275 years, from 305 to 30 BC. [1]

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The Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya was built in 1991 and began hosting the Spanish Grand Prix in the same year. [1]

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Julius Caesar Chappelle was a slave on a plantation in South Carolina. [1]

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The angle of the Leaning Tower of Pisa is 3.97° after its stabilization [1]. It leaned at an angle of 5.5 degrees in 1990, but following remedial work between 1993 and 2001 this was reduced to 3.97 degrees, reducing the overhang by 45 cm at a cost of £200m. It lost a further 4 cm of tilt in the two decades to 2018 [2].

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The population of Thailand is about 63 million people. [1]

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Nickelodeon network started on April 1, 1979 [1].

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The Montana Vigilantes were formed in 1863 [1].

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Jean Michel Rollin Roth Le Gentil was born on November 3, 1938. [1][2]

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Yes, Catalonia did trade with France, but there was intermittent conflict between Spain and France which affected the trading. However, in the late 17th century, the Catalan economy recovered and grew because of the export of wine to England and the Dutch Republic due to French minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert's trade war against the Dutch and their participation in the Nine Years' War against France, as a consequence, they weren't able to trade with French wine [1].

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Based on the given context, Windows XP is no longer supported by Microsoft [1]. While security updates were provided till April 8, 2014, free technical support, warranty claims, and design changes were no longer being offered since April 14, 2009. However, paid "Custom Support" plans were offered for critical patches, and are still available to customers subscribing to it [1].

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Anatolia is in Turkey [1,2]. Specifically, the Anatolian part of Turkey accounts for 95% of the country's area [1].

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The Valencia Street Circuit in Spain was built in 2008 and first used for the European Grand Prix which was held on 24 August 2008. [1]

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Based on the given context [1],

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Takeo Fukuda became prime minister of Japan on December 24, 1976 [1].

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Mathematical Physics is used for studying and solving problems in physics within a mathematically rigorous framework [1]. It blends pure mathematics and physics to cover a broad range of academic research areas [1].

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The Dreamfall Chapters game was initially planned to be a full-length game, but it was released as an episodic game due to mounting production costs. The first "book", subtitled "Reborn," was released on 21 October 2014. The game was released in five episodes between 21 October 2014 and 17 June 2016 [1,2].

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Melissa Benoist plays Supergirl in the TV series [1][2]

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Based on the given context [1],

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The bystander effect is caused by the diffusion of responsibility, in which individuals are less likely to intervene in a situation when they know others are present watching, and thus feel less responsible to act [1]. The presence of other individuals also reinforces mutual denial and diffusion of responsibility, contributing to the bystander effect [2].

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Based on the given context [1],

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Yes, Hepatitis B is contagious [1]. Explanation: The given context [1] mentions that Hepatitis B is a contagious virus that affects the liver. It further explains that two different types of infections exist for this disease, "acute" and "chronic." It also mentions that since 1990, when the vaccine was introduced as a routine vaccination in children, rates of acute Hepatitis B have decreased in the United States by 82%. Thus, it can be concluded that Hepatitis B is a contagious disease and can spread from person to person through contact with infected blood, semen, or other body fluids [1].

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The TV show "90210" first aired on October 4, 1990 as per the context [1]

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Yes, Alfie Moon is a character on EastEnders. He returned to the show on 21 September 2010 after leaving on 25 December 2005. [1]

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The Berlin Wall was built on August 13, 1961 [1].

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The first film directed by Penelope Spheeris was "The Decline of Western Civilization" in 1981, a documentary film that covers the punk rock culture of Los Angeles. [1][2]

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Humans are considered omnivores, as they have a diet that includes both animal and plant matter [1].

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The most common natural polymer is cellulose [1].

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The zebra mussels are naturally from the lakes of southern Russia and Ukraine. [3]

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Gabrielle Bonheur "Coco" Chanel was born in the charity hospital run by the Sisters of Providence in Saumur, Maine-et-Loire, France. [1]

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Yes, a French creole is a creole language for which French is the lexifier. French-based creole languages are spoken widely and natively by millions of people around the globe. These languages are primarily spoken in the Americas and on archipelagos throughout the Indian Ocean. [3] Haitian Creole, which is the result of the dialect to evolve from a pidgin to a Creole, is a syntactic cousin of Fon, a Gbe language of the Niger-Congo family spoken in Benin, despite drawing 90% of its lexicon from French. [4]

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The Earth's atmosphere contains approximately 21% oxygen [1][2][3][4]

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The latest released Assassin's Creed game is "Assassin's Creed Origins" which was released worldwide on October 27, 2017 for PlayStation 4, Xbox One and Windows [1].

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The term "guerrilla" is used because it refers to irregular warfare tactics employed by small, mobile groups of fighters who aim to weaken a larger, more-cumbersome opponent by attrition, eventually forcing them to withdraw. This type of warfare seeks to win popular support and political influence, and is often waged in difficult terrain with a sympathetic populace [1, 2].

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The first film directed by Andrei Tarkovsky was "Ivan's Childhood" in 1962. [1]

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The song "Happy Days" was written by Norman Gimbel and Charles Fox [1][2]