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Women’s rights activist, Betty Tebbs has sadly died at the age of 98.
Tebbs, from Bury, Greater Manchester, died on Monday having spent her life promoting the empowerment of women and fighting for peace.
Born at the end of World War I, Tebbs received a limited education due to rheumatic fever during her childhood.
She became involved in activism at an early age after realising that boy who she worked with at the East Lancashire Paper Mill (ELPM) was earning two shillings a week more than her for the same role.
In 1944, she married her first husband, who later died during service in World War II. She remarried in 1947, to a former solider and university lecturer. He encouraged her to campaign for peace and to further her education.
During her life, Tebbs was involved in union activities, joined the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, and became the chair of the National Assembly for Women. In the early 1950s, she led a successful strike for equal pay at ELPM. Tebbs also established a refuge in Warrington for women who had suffered from domestic violence.
She was first arrested at the age of 89 for protesting at a Trident nuclear submarine naval base. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13509 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 263
} |
From 1966-1969 U.S. half dollars (JFK) were composed of 40% silver. These coins are termed “Clad” because of the unusual metal composition: 40% silver, 60% copper. After the U.S. left the silver standard, the price of silver has increased dramatically (1964= 1.293/oz.). Therefore, at today’s silver price, these coins have significantly increased more than face value. 40% Clad Half Dollars are traded as individual coins and bags as large as $1,000 face value, (295 pure ounces). | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13511 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 121
} |
The Pet Travel Scheme (PETS), or Pet Passport as it is often called, is designed to protect human health. It is the system that means people in the UK can take their pets to certain countries and bring them back without the need for quarantine. It also allows pet animals from these countries to enter the UK without quarantine as long as they meet certain conditions.
To enable your pet to travel within the EU, it will need microchipping and a vaccination against rabies. A pet passport can then be issued which allows for travel from 3 weeks of the date of Rabies vaccination. There are requirements for worming treatment to be administered by a veterinary surgeon before re-entering the UK, and Rabies vaccinations need to be repeated every 1-3 years.
Pets are likely to need extra medication to protect them from foreign diseases and parasites. We at Heene Road Vets will be able to advise you on the most suitable precautions to take. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13512 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 195
} |
We use a scheme known as Read Write Inc. It is a systematic phonics and reading programme that is great fun and very pacey. Our children are organised in ability groups for reading and have a Read Write Inc lesson each morning. The groups vary in size. We assess pupils regularly and re-group them when they have made progress.The children start by learning the 44 'Speed Sounds', which have corresponding pictures.
Once they have learnt their sounds, they learn to read words using sound-blending. The children know this as 'Fred Talk'. They use 'Fred Talk' to read lively stories and then they talk about what has happened in the books. They also write about the stories using their 'Fred Fingers' to identify the separate sounds needed to spell each word. Partner work is key to our reading programme so that the children get to answer every question from the teacher, practise every activity and practise their sentences before they write them.
Reading is the most important skill that children must master during their time at primary school. Reading opens up the doors to the whole world of learning. At Blackthorn Primary, we aim to make sure that every child learns to read. We rely on the parents of our pupils to help us in this task by; listening to their child read every night; talking to them about books and reading stories to their children.
Once children are confident readers, they begin English lessons where they have the opportunity to read a wide range of different texts written by lots of different authors. They have guided reading sessions in small groups, where they have a chance to sit with their teacher and discuss their understanding of the book.
How can you help your child to make good progress in reading?
Learn the correct pronunciation of each sound by visiting this website and practise these with your child.
Do not teach your child letter names until they are taught them in school. Research shows that children who are taught the names of letters rather than the sounds can often find it harder to learn to read.
Listen to your child read the book that they are sent home from school for ten minutes every night in a quiet room. The books that are sent home have already been read by your child at school.
They should find them quite straight forward and enjoyable to read.
If you have any questions no matter how silly you may think they are, please ask your child’s class teacher. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13513 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 487
} |
Dental implants are posts, made of titanium, that are surgically placed into the jawbone where teeth are missing. The titanium post function as a tooth root substitute. The bone bonds to the titanium surface of the implant, creating a strong foundation for the artificial tooth or teeth. There is a small abutment or post that is attached to the top of the implant which allows placement the crown or cap that looks like a real tooth. See figures A and B for a description of the implant and its components.
Dental implants come in different widths and lengths depending on the tooth it is replacing. Wide diameter implants are used for molar teeth while smaller diameter implants are used for front teeth.
Molar (green) and Bicuspid (blue) Teeth. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13515 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 158
} |
Certainly you've heard of lightning - but ball lightning? This is a fascinating occurrence that scientists are still learning about, which definitely makes it a mysterious piece of nature. Even so, find out what little we know about this crazy event and what we have left to discover about ball lightning!
The mirror, from your bathroom to the side of your car, they’re everywhere and do one very simple job; reflect. Whether that’s reflection for pure vanity, or something more useful. Today we’re going to answer just one question: what color is a mirror?
Have you ever wondered how that report card or shopping list stays on the fridge even after being left there for weeks on end? Well, here we'll look into the wonderful world of magnets, from the natural to the less so natural, and the many uses these objects have! | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13517 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 174
} |
As of today, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) will no longer fund research on dogs procured from pounds, breeders, and other so-called random sources. The move is in response to a 2009 National Academy of Sciences (NAS) report, which concluded that cats and dogs acquired from such places were not critical for biomedical research, and that using them could damage the reputation of the research enterprise with the public. NIH ended funding for random source cats in 2012.
Dogs and cats enter U.S. research laboratories via two main sources: Class A and Class B dealers. Class A dealers—typically large, corporate entities—only sell animals they raise themselves, while Class B dealers—typically smaller, “mom-and-pop” operations—sell animals that they obtain from other sources, such as pounds and breeders. The U.S. Department of Agriculture has policed both types of dealers since the 1960s, but the Class B system has long been plagued with charges that some of its dealers sell stolen and abused pets. Tougher regulations have shrunk the number of Class B dealers from about 200 in the 1970s to just a handful today. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13518 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 239
} |
On Friday the Labor Department will release its latest report on employment and unemployment during the month of December. Most economic forecasters expect an okay report, but not one that is significantly better than the report in November. In fact, some are suggesting the unemployment rate may increase even from 7.0% to 7.1%, and the number of new jobs created might decline below 200,000.
In contrast, I believe there’s every reason to be more optimistic than the average economic forecaster is. Based on the strong performance of the economy over the last several months, it is reasonable to expect more new jobs were created in December than the number in November (203,000), and the unemployment rate may fall below 7% for the first time in years.
Why? Because virtually all important indicators, with the exception of automobile and truck sales, increased significantly over the last reporting period. This suggests the number of workers entering the labor market, as well as those finding jobs increased in December. A careful read of the indicators suggests the number of new jobs created should be above the 200,000 threshold, and the unemployment rate will likely below 7%.
In November, the economy had its best performance in two years. However, if viewed more broadly, the number of indicators that registered positive improvements suggested the economy in November registered its strongest performance since the recovery began 4 ½ years ago.
Here are several reasons to be optimistic about the economy.
During the third quarter, the economy grew by an unexpectedly high rate of 4.1% and more importantly, third-quarter productivity (total output per worker) increased by 3%.
The ADP Employment Report, which is an advanced barometer of the direction of hiring, increased significantly each month over the last five months. Starting in August, the ADP report showed 151,000 jobs were created. Each month since that time, the number of new jobs increased. ADP’s late this report, which covers the month of December, indicated 238,000 new jobs were created.
Consumer confidence took a major uptick in December from 72.0% to 78.1%. This increased confidence was reflected in more spending on the part of households and less savings.
Against this backdrop of positive news, the only perplexing development last month was the significant decline in automobile and truck sales, which decreased by 1 million units. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13520 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 479
} |
In order to understand the Alexander Technique it is necessary to know something of its originator. This is a very brief account of Alexander's life and work - please see the links and downloads page for sources of more information.
F M (Frederick Mathias) Alexander was born and raised in Tasmania and made his early career as an actor. This career however was threatened by persistent problems with his voice. Having tried every available avenue of medical help and advice without success he set out to solve the problem on his own - the result of his experiments and observations being what is now know as the 'Alexander Technique'.
He moved to London, England, setting up shop at Ashley Place in Westminster, London and established a private practice and training school for teachers of the technique, as well as other ventures, including the 'Little School' - an experimental school in which children were supervised by Alexander teachers during all activities.
His private practice initially attracted actors and politicians - other public speakers who had experienced difficulties similiar to F M's own, but he widened the application of the principles he had discovered to help with many other situations, always maintaining however that the principle of the technique was preventive, rather than curative and '(re)educational rather than medical.
His students in the training school included Patrick Macdonald, Wilfred Barlow and Walter Carrington, all of whom became teacher trainers, and many other teachers such as Margaret Goldie, Peggy Williams, who had long and successful careers teaching the technique.
During the second world war Alexander moved to the USA where he continued teaching.
'Man's Supreme Inheritance' (1910), 'Conscious Constructive Control of the Individual' (1923) 'The Use of the Self' (1932), 'The Universal Constant in Living' (1946). | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13523 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 366
} |
In Western Pennsylvania and the tri-state area, gas pipelines are subject to all of the stresses that severe weather can offer. They endure cracking, embrittlement, microbial influenced corrosion (MIC) sulfide corrosion, oxidation, and hydrogen induced cracking. Then there are internal threats, including flow induced corrosion and interior pitting.
Within the last 10 years, the U.S. Department of Transportation Office of Pipeline Safety has conducted studies showing that internal pipeline corrosion by itself has caused approximately 15% of all reportable incidents affecting gas transmission pipelines. This results in an average annual loss of over $3 million and has led to accidents and fatalities.
Today, more effective corrosion inhibitors are available than ever before, including hydrocarbon-soluble inhibitors that protect against corrosion under a wide variety of operating conditions.
Cathodic protection is another technique that works to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the cathode of an electrochemical cell while a sacrificial metal becomes the anode. This technique can be employed as either a passive galvanic system or one where DC electrical power is used to enhance the effect (typically used in the case of long pipelines).
The cost replacing gas pipelines, from the permitting stage through the work of locating and digging up existing infrastructure can be enormous. At Banks Gas, our corrosion protection methods are designed to protect and preserve aging but still critical high-pressure steel pipelines.
Exposed gas pipelines are no less vulnerable to weathering and corrosion. Our experienced inspection teams are trained to detect problems at their earliest stage or deal with corrosion issues at their worst. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13524 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 319
} |
Clothing sizes in the US and UK are different from those used in France and the rest of the continent.
For example, a UK men’s shoe size of 8 corresponds to a USA shoe size of 9 and a French shoe size of 42. This page provides tables to convert the sizes used in these three countries. Exact conversions are impossible since clothing sizes are not completely standardized even within a given country, and vary slightly from one manufacturer to another. Furthermore, cuts of clothing vary between manufacturers and also between tailors. Finally, even taking an average of these factors, there is often no exact match: a UK size 7 shoe falls halfway between a France size 40 and size 41, but there is no size 40½. Due to these various complexities, there are slight variations between available clothing size conversion tables and an agreed table does not seem to exist. Consequently, one should always try clothing on to confirm sizes. That being said, the following tables will give a good starting point. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13525 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 200
} |
A user profile is a visual display of personal data associated with a specific user, or a customized desktop environment. A profile refers therefore to the explicit digital representation of a person's identity. A user profile can also be considered as the computer representation of a user model. A user model is a (data) structure that is used to capture certain characteristics about an individual user, and the process of obtaining the user profile is called user modeling or profiling.
A profile can be used to store the description of the characteristics of a person. This information can be exploited by systems taking into account the persons' characteristics and preferences.
User profiles can be found on operating systems, computer programs, recommender systems, or dynamic websites (such as online social networking sites or bulletin boards). | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13526 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 154
} |
Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) is associated with improved growth, the development of intestinal membrane integrity, and is critical for developing immune function.
The Developing Intestinal Microflora of Newborns Is Up to 90 percent B. Infantis.
B. infantis is the predominant intestinal organism found in breast-fed infants. B. infantis M-63 was isolated from a healthy infant and clinically proven to colonize the intestines of infants.
B. infantis is the only bacterial species able to take up and metabolize all Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) which allows B. infantis to outcompete other bacterial species.
Medium chain triglycerides, tapioca starch, calcium phosphate, vitamin E (d-alpha tocopherol from sunflower oil; added to preserve freshness) and citric acid.
Once the bottle has been opened, use within 28 days. Shake bottle well before each use. For infants and children up to age 4, add 6 drops, once daily, to lukewarm milk, infant formulas, or foods. Or take as directed by your qualified healthcare professional. Storage instructions: Does not require refrigeration and can be stored at room temperature. Avoid storage attemperature above 77° f (25° C). | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13528 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 278
} |
Anthony Bourdain explores the rocky, east-coast Canadian island of Newfoundland, a place abundant in fish and wild game and steeped in distinctive traditions; Anthony's guides include prominent chefs Frederic Moran, Jeremy Charles and David McMillan.
The kelp forests of California are one of the most diverse and productive ecosystems in the state, providing a home to more than 800 species of plants and animals. 2 Beginning in 2013, a “perfect storm” of kelp stressors led to the loss of more than 93 percent of the bull kelp along the coast of Northern California.
The “marine heat wave” is triggering a “continental-scale collapse of a pivotal predator,” says new study.
A pronounced, widespread and persistent regime shift among marine ecosystems is observable on temperate rocky reefs as a result of sea urchin overgrazing.
IMAS: Who's been eating all the kelp?
Long spine sea urchins have a ferocious appetite. How do we stop them? The long spine sea urchin can have devastating impacts on reefs due to overgrazing, which creates expansive urchin barrens.
A webinar series focussed on marine ecosystem restoration provides fresh perspectives on how we can benefit from better planning for a healthy marine environment.
Sea urchins hit all the taste pleasure points – salt, sweet and umami. In a lot of places, sea urchins are overfished, but that certainly isn't the case off the coast of California, where there's such an overabundance of purple sea urchins that it has become an aquacultural concern.
Here are five of the biggest challenges our oceans face, and what we can do to solve them.
We launch our kayaks at dawn from a pristine, sheltered cove and paddle about a quarter-mile up the pinnacle-studded Mendocino coastline to a craggy reef just offshore. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13529 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 404
} |
The achievement gap refers to the observed, persistent disparity of educational measures between the performance of groups of students, especially groups defined by socioeconomic status (SES), race/ethnicity and gender.
Feel surrounded and supported by “Friends of ALA”.
Alpha Leadership Academy tests Reading and Math skills early and often, instilling a program that keeps our kids on track.
ALA understands the importance of education and carries a strong mission to give students confidence in the classroom, through commitment and education, so that they continue to grow in a positive direction.
The average middle class child with professionals for parents at home hears on average 487 "utterances" per hour.
In welfare homes, children only hear on average 178 "utterances" per hour.
500,000 encouragements and 80,000 discouragements.
Parents need to ask their child more questions that make them think.
Alpha Leadership Academy uses uplifting, positive talk with students in our program.
Parents, students, and ALA agree to, and sign a contract together as a team. "This is what we agree to do to ensure that your child will go to college..."
We will constantly be instructing our students to ask for help. For example, our tutor may say, "I bet if you go and ask Tim (board member or friend of LGTS), he can help you with your vowels." Doing so, assists ALA is building knowledge, confidence, and trust with its students. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13531 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 304
} |
Brian Cowen, (born Jan. 10, 1960, Tullamore, County Offaly, Ire.), Irish politician who was tánaiste (deputy prime minister) of Ireland (2007–08), leader of Fianna Fáil (2008–11), and taoiseach (prime minister) of Ireland (2008–11).
Cowen was exposed to politics at a young age. His grandfather was a councillor in the Fianna Fáil party, and his father, Bernard Cowen, held a seat in Dáil Éireann (the lower house of the Oireachtas, the Irish parliament). Brian Cowen was an exemplary debater in school and often spoke at his father’s election rallies. He studied at University College Dublin and at the Incorporated Law Society of Ireland, where he was trained as a solicitor. His father’s death in 1984 prompted a by-election for the seat he had held in the Dáil. Cowen, then age 24, captured the seat, becoming one of the youngest members ever to sit in the Dáil.
He served as minister for labour (1992–93), and in 1993, after the breakup of the Fianna Fáil–Progressive Democrats government, he helped to negotiate the short-lived coalition of Fianna Fáil and the Labour Party. Cowen then served as minister for transport, energy, and communications (1993–94), leaving office after Fianna Fáil was forced into opposition by the formation of a Fine Gael–Labour–Democratic Left coalition.
During Fianna Fáil’s years out of government, Cowen served as opposition spokesperson for agriculture, food, and forestry (1994–97) and for health (1997). Following elections in 1997, Fianna Fáil leader Bertie Ahern formed a coalition government with the Progressive Democrats, and the party once again returned to power. Cowen served as minister for health and children (1997–2000), for foreign affairs (2000–04), and for finance (2004–08). In June 2007 he was appointed tánaiste.
In April 2008, he was elected head of Fianna Fáil. He became taoiseach the following month and was faced with leading the country amid the global financial crisis until February 2011. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13532 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 486
} |
A 15 minute drive away, the 13th century ruins of the Frankish Orias Castle overlook the small town of Kalavryta situated in what was the ancient Despotate of Morea. Kalavryta, in the mountainous east of the modern municipality of Achaea is built on the banks of the Vouraikos River and is 40km east of Patras.
Kalavryta is the southern terminus of the Diakofto-Kalavryta rack railway, built by Italian engineers between 1885 and 1895 and one of the most spectacular rail journeys in Europe. The town was taken from the Franks by the Byzantines in the 1270s who ruled until 1460 when the Ottomans overran the region and remained till 1821, the beginning of the Greek War of Independence.
Kalavryta was the site of one of the great atrocities committed by the Germans in Greece when, in reprisal for the capture and killing of a group of German soldiers by resistance fighters, all men over the age of 14 years, totalling 696, were herded together and massacred by German troops. Only a handful survived. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13537 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 238
} |
Exiles played a central role in the arts over the course of the 20th century. In the 1930s, many German artists sought the security of the American continent. Even today artists are forced to flee their home countries for reasons of security or because of censorship. This program brings together various texts by writers who lived in exile over the past one hundred years. James Joyce, Thomas Mann, Salman Rushdie, Paul Celan and Syrian poet Adonis will be featured. Colourful music by composers who shared their fate, among them Kareem Roustom, Bela Bartók, Arnold Schönberg and Kurt Weill. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13540 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 128
} |
During the late eighteenth century, William Pitt’s government was forced to introduce new taxes to defray the cost of the Napoleonic Wars. These taxes were levied on all sorts of household goods including clocks, soap, and newspapers. Hair powder was also targeted out and, from May 1795, anyone using hair powder needed to cough up a guinea in order to purchase an annual certificate. Those who did were dubbed ‘guinea pigs’.
Wearing a blue coat that matches the colour of his eyes, this assured-looking gentleman has made himself a ‘guinea pig’ by continuing to use grey powder in his hair, the evidence of this showing up on the collar of his coat.
The portrait is signed on the obverse ‘Le Hardy 1796’ and is housed in a gold frame, the reverse with a foiled blue glass border and inner glazed aperture revealing a sheaf of brown hair with gold wire and seed pearls.
Born in Jersey, Thomas Le Hardy worked in London, Weymouth and Bath between 1791 and 1802. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13544 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 224
} |
Former Maryland Governor Martin O’Malley along with the Maryland War of 1812 Bicentennial Commission and Star-Spangled 200, Inc. launched web-based resources that bring the story of our national anthem and the battles that inspired its writing to life. The organizations partnered with the National Park Service and award-winning interactive firm, Alexander + Tom, Inc. to design and develop the War of 1812 Interactive Battlefield Maps, interactive experiences whose purpose is to promote, educate, and inform a wide audience about Francis Scott Key, significant War of 1812 battles in the Chesapeake region, and the 200th anniversary of the writing of the Star-Spangled Banner.
Cutting-edge animated maps to illustrate Maryland’s unique contributions to the defense and heritage of the nation during four significant battles of the War of 1812 in the Chesapeake: the Battle of St. Leonard Creek, the Battle of Bladensburg, the Battle of North Point and the Battle of Baltimore. Each map provides an historical context of the battle, in addition to beautiful images, artwork, and video highlighting the history of each battle. Users can experience the battles in the Chesapeake Bay landscape as it was during the War of 1812 or toggle to the modern landscape of 2014.
Thinkport.org (), a tool that allows teachers to share the stories of the people, places and events surrounding the War of 1812 with their students through media-rich interactives, curricular resources, primary source materials and documents. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13546 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 303
} |
The degree of salt in water. The rise in sea level due to global warming would result in increased salinity of rivers, bays and aquifers. This would affect drinking water, agriculture and wildlife. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13547 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 42
} |
A woman sent me an email recently telling me she has a "yearning" to write, but wonders if she can really sit down and write a book. She asked, "Did you ever wonder if you could really do it?"
Yearning and self-doubt are both essential elements in the process. The yearning propels you to the keyboard; the doubts cause you to stare stupidly at it. The yearning is necessary; the doubts are inevitable.
The first one -- not smart enough -- is probably true. I don't have to look very far to find someone smarter than me. But I know I'm smarter than some people, too. I am who I am.
My mom, who was a third grade teacher, refused to tell me my IQ even though she knew. "You're above average," is all that she'd say. She explained that if she told me it was high, I'd coast through life and wouldn't try very hard; if she told me it was low, I'd give up and wouldn't try, either. She always used to say, "It's not the IQ, but the 'I will.'" Throughout her career she saw kids who were oblivious to their low IQ thrive because they worked hard and tried.
As for not good enough - that's true, too. But that doesn't mean that you can't improve. First you try, then you look critically at the result to see where you need improvement.
Writing [living] is a process. The more we do it, the more knowledgeable and skillful we become. WHATEVER you write won't be perfect, but instead of being paralyzed by fear of failure, put all that yearning and doubting into motion. As you try to do your best, your "best" will steadily get better. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13548 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 372
} |
On 21 June we celebrate International Yoga Day. To celebrate International Yoga Day, the "Yoga Day - Meditation" template can be used as a Portfolio Template to show how the setting had implemented Yoga on this special day.
Yoga is one form of practice which includes breath control and specific body postures (asanas), that provides a range of physical, spiritual and mental relaxation. It teaches children to be calm while gaining awareness of the bodies, self-control and discipline. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13550 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 97
} |
Donna, Ron and Claire will take us on an exploration of the Wenatchee Mountains, an eastern spur of the Cascade Range. This is a geologically complex area of sandstones, gneiss, basalts, serpentinite and granites, which results in abrupt changes in flora at boundaries in rock type. The serpentine soils are home to serpentine endemics such as Polystichum lemmonii and Claytonia megarhiza var. nivalis. Other eastside treasures include Lewisia, Penstemon, Phlox, Erigeron, Viola, Eriogonum and Balsamorhiza.
Claire, Donna and Ron, along with Kitty and Phil Pearson, explored this region in May and June, photographing the wildflowers. They will take us to various sites for finding treasures on the "dry side of the mountains", starting from the southern Wenatchee Mountains, working north. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13553 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 196
} |
Small hydropower projects are normally run-of-the-river schemes with no storage of water. For a project to be economically viable it is essential to know whether there will be sufficient discharge available or not. As a normal practice, flow duration curves are used to determine the dependable flows. However, at many potential sites the discharge data of stream is not available. To determine the flow duration curve at such un gauged site, methodologies are developed.
Extraction of profiles along the identified streams and their tributaries were carried out to locate the ideal drops along the streams. Criteria for identifying appropriate locations were based on the optimum drop and a reasonable distance along the stream. These locations were translated in to outlet points to be used in the hydrological model (SWAT) to assess the flow available at these locations.
A stand alone application (Small Hydro Power Potential Calculator (SHP2C) has been developed to disseminate the outputs.
Salient features of the application include modules for Profile Extraction; User defined site selection and Power potential calculation. The backend database has flows simulated using the hydrological model. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13554 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 231
} |
While birds are a common site pretty much everywhere you go, they can be a pretty big nuisance around your home. Birds will often make nests on rooftops, in your trees, or even in your vents and are known to get aggressive to defend their young. They also make a habit of pooping wherever they’d like, which is both messy and annoying. Many people will attempt to get rid of birds, but are surprised to find how many of them are protected in their state. For many different species of birds, it can be illegal to remove them from the area. So before you can do anything, it is best to try and identify the species and to check with a local wildlife authority if it is okay to remove them.
Pigeons are a common problem in urban areas.
While there are a couple of ways to remove birds, your best option is to get ahead of the issue and repel them before it even becomes an issue. There are several bird repellents on the market that can help keep birds away from your home, however there are some more permanent methods that are proven to work as well. Things such as bird spikes can be installed on the roof, which prevent birds from landing on the roof and nesting. Electric deterrents are also available to serve the same purpose, they will send a light shock through the bird’s feet when they try to land. Not to kill them or cause any permanent damage, but enough to deter them from landing on your roof to build their nests. If you have a barrel tile roof, bird guard or bird netting, can be inserted into the raised parts of the tile so that birds aren’t tempted to build nests inside of the spaces. You can also prevent your lawn and home from looking appealing to birds by making sure that possible food sources are gotten rid of. This can include berries from bushes, livestock feed, any crops that you grow, and the obvious bird baths and bird feeders.
If you already have an issue with birds nesting, you can try to remove the nest on your own before there are eggs in it, and immediately put up deterrents. However, this can get tricky if eggs have already been laid as the mama will do anything to protect her babies. You can try for simpler repellents, such as setting up fake predatory birds, like owls, to try and scare them away as well. You can also contact a wildlife specialist to help you get rid of your bird problem at any time. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13555 | {
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As parents, we want our children to remain healthy and happy. But when they are in pain, it is our duty to find the best ways to relieve their discomfort. While many toddlers grow out of flat feet, it is important to pay close attention to your child’s feet in order to ensure they are developing properly.
Pediatric flat feet can be classified as symptomatic or asymptomatic, and are quite common. Symptomatic flat feet exhibit symptoms such as pain and limitation of activity, while asymptomatic flat feet show no symptoms at all.
How Is Flat Foot Identified?
Your podiatrist will diagnose your child by examining the foot and observing how it looks when he or she stands and sits. Your podiatrist will observe how your child walks and will evaluate the range of motion of the foot. Since flat foot can sometimes be related to problems in the leg, your podiatrist may also examine the knee and hip. X-rays may be used to determine the severity of the deformity, with additional imaging and tests needed for further diagnosis.
Visit our office for further diagnosis and treatment options for your child’s flat feet. While many children do grow out of flat feet, if your child suffers from pain caused by flat foot, we can help them get back on their feet again! | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13557 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
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A clogged drain can lead to a lot more than just bad water pressure in the shower (though admittedly, that is still pretty bad!). In more extreme cases, a blockage can lead to leaks behind walls and even contaminated water. That’s why it’s so important to not only react to clogs quickly but effectively, too — that’s where HydroScrub® comes in handy.
HydroScrub® is the process of using a high-pressure stream of water to push a clog free and clean off debris from the inside of pipes. The main difference between HydroScrub® and rodding is that with rodding, a plumber would use a long tool to literally push the clog out.
More Effective: Snakes and rods can leave residue along the sides of pipes, as well as scratch them.
Eco-friendly: Chemical drain cleaners can have a terrible impact on the environment. When it comes to drain cleaning, HydroScrub® jetting is the most environmentally friendly method.
Cost-effective (in the long run): Though it is more expensive than other means, like snaking and chemical cleaners, HydroScrub® is more cost-effective in the long run because, in addition to removing clogs, it also clears debris that’s just starting to form.
We’ve talked a lot about how HydroScrub® is great for attacking stubborn clogs. But the real beauty of HydroScrub® jetting is that it can be used to prevent clogs and other future problems before they even happen.
Even if it seems like water is flowing freely through your pipes, there could still be a clog just days away from taking over the entire pipe. That’s why preventative maintenance is so important. HydroScrub® will clear off small bits of food, soap, and grease before they can become a bigger problem. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13560 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 392
} |
A strike slip fault is a fault zone where two blocks of land move horizontally rather than vertically along a fault plane. These faults can form between two small blocks of land or crustal plates. They also sometimes develop within a continental plate. The Alpine Fault in New Zealand is an example of this type of tectonic plate movement.
A transform boundary is a type of strike-slip fault that occurs between crustal plates. The San Andreas Fault is the most famous transform fault. It starts in the south at the East Pacific Rise. The East Pacific Rise is a spreading center in the Pacific Ocean.
The transform boundary runs northward two-thirds of the way through California to the Mendocino Triangle. The Mendocino Triangle is a triple junction of three plates: Pacific Plate, North American Plate, and the Juan de Fuca Plate (Blanco Plate).
If you look across a fault zone and it looks like the rivers and valley on the other side have moved horizontally to the right the fault is a right-lateral strike-slip fault.
If the land moves to the left it is a left-lateral strike slip fault. Faults that have a small up or downward motion as they move horizontally are oblique-slip faults. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13561 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 256
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The first of its type, this virtual museum is dedicated to the preservation of gas station history. In this museum, you will see photographs of old gas stations and the equipment needed for their operation. Separate albums will assist the visitor in viewing old gas pumps, the advertising globes found on the tops of many of these pumps, the oil cans from many different companies, and other articles associated with the daily operation of the gas station.
Although many of the items for view in this museum are in my personal collection, this virtual museum is the compilation of images gathered from many sources. My second family is a group of collectors, who are highly motivated to saving the history of the gas station. On a daily basis, these men and women join each other to offer advice on restorations, how to locate the parts needed for that special project, share stories of their latest finds, and to dream about the next big addition to their collection.
Many of these friends have provided images that helped me build this museum. None of these items are for sale through this site. It is simply a view into the past by those of us, who love the hobby.
I hope that by visiting this museum, some wonderful old memories will come flooding back to you. If you check the section of “links”, you will be directed to other great sites that share our interest. The grand daddy of them all is www.oldgas.com , where the collectors gather daily. On that site, you will find other collectors listed by state, a free classified section, and companies that supply parts for a restoration that you might be involved in.
As I’m always looking for items to add to this museum, I’ve provided a “contact us” link, where you can let me know if you have an item for sale. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13562 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 375
} |
Notes from NCTE ~ Reading the Past, Writing the Future!
This week NCTE is celebrating its 100th anniversary conference in the city of its birth - Chicago, "The City of Big Shoulders." See our EDSITEment Lesson on the Carl Sandburg’s 1916 “Chicago” one of the best known poems of 20th century American literature: Carl Sandburg's "Chicago": Bringing a Great City Alive and our Launchpad designed to guide students through EDSITEment selected Internet resources to experience the city that Sandburg documented in his poetry. Conference goers were blessed with mild November temperatures which made for comfortable walking between downtown hotels where the conference is traditionally housed whenever it comes back to its hometown.
Here's the opening words from the Welcome from Keith Gilyard, 2011 Program Chair:"The founders of the National Council of Teachers of English acted with passion for language teaching, with care for our nation’s general student body, and with resolve to expand educational opportunities when they formed the Council in Chicago on December 2, 1911."
I was honored to Chair the following session last evening with two gifted educators who hail from Chicago: Professor of Poetry from DePaul University and past NEH Project Director, Eric Selinger and Director of Curriculum for Chicago City Public Schools and past Summer Scholar, Eileen Murphy.
Eileen has just published a book through NCTE entitled, 360 Degrees of Text: Using Poetry to Teach Close Reading and Powerful Writing. She shared her approach to teaching critical literacy where students investigate texts through a full spectrum of learning modalities, then led session particpants through an exercise inphysical performance poetry.
Both presenters and audience members spoke to the profound impact the NEH Summer Programs have had on their teaching, writing and their lives. Here's the current lineup of NEH Summer Programs for School Teachers Seminars and Institutes and Landmark Workshops for the upcoming summer 2012 - note the deadline for applications is March 1, 2012. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13566 | {
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As with all addictive habits, quitting smoking is not easy to do, regardless of what factors motivate you. However, applying some of the lessons you learn in psychology may make the process a bit easier. Here are some techniques worth trying!
Learn what to expect when you’re quitting and all of the ways it will benefit your health and your overall quality of life. Write down the consequences of not quitting, so that when you have a craving, you can refocus on these negative outcomes.
Think about what triggers your desire to smoke. Is it stress, boredom, drinking, the smell of cigarette smoke, or something else entirely? If possible, find a way to eliminate these triggers from your life or at least reduce their occurrence. Of course, you can’t eliminate every trigger, but you can prepare for these situations and create a plan for how you’ll overcome them. Plus, if you know what your triggers are, you won’t be caught off guard when the craving hits and you’ll be ready to tell yourself no.
Find a support group of other smokers who are trying to quit or talk another friend who smokes into quitting with you. If you quit alongside someone else, you’ll have someone to support and encourage you when it gets difficult. Be sure to also tell others about your plan; your family, friends and even social networks can help you in making sure you stick to your new plan.
If you have to, substitute your smoking habit with another habit. Try exercising, chewing gum or having a mint, when you feel the urge to smoke. Sometimes, it can help to have something to keep your hands busy like reading or crocheting.
Remember, the first time might not be the time you get it right, so there’s no need to throw in the towel if you slip up. In fact, don’t think about it as a failure. It’s actually a learning experience; a relapse can help you better understand your triggers. Look at what occurred, try to understand why it happened and decide what you’ll do differently next time. Just keep trying until you kick the habit for good! | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13567 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 446
} |
It’s important to detect and treat oral cancer as early as possible. In just a few minutes, your dentist can detect signs of the disease during your routine check-up. When detected early on, oral cancer can be treated easily.
Because oral cancer can develop in many areas of the mouth, dentists use VELscope to diagnose the disease early. A blue light is projected into the mouth, showing anomalies that are otherwise invisible to the naked eye as darker patches.
Every year, this procedure saves many lives—in just a few minutes! Find out more about oral cancer detection during your next appointment. We’ll be happy to carry out a preventive check. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13568 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
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At the Marudi Property, important gold mineralization discovered to date is associated with the medial metachert unit of the Marudi Mountain Formation. Gold occurs within the magnetite- hematite rich quartzite and in the magnetite-silicate iron formation (referred to as BIF or banded iron formation). The association of gold with BIF horizons was recognized at least as early as 1990. Quartz veinlet arrays are commonly associated with these stratigraphic intervals. At outcrop scale, depositional sites were likely controlled by rheological contrasts, delamination along bedding planes, and at permeability boundaries. Diamond drill hole data suggest gold occurs in stratiform zones and is concentrated at primary and secondary fold axes and parasitic folds. However, the extent of the stratabound gold bearing sequences away from fold axes is undetermined at present. Gold mineralization at Mazoa Hill and Marudi Mountain may occur within one or more stratigraphic horizons of metachert that have been folded and re-folded. In a number of high-grade zones sulfide is present (pyrite, pyhrrotite, and ossasional arsenopyrite). Quartz veining is also present in these zones, but by itself is not a strong indication of mineralization. Elsewhere sulfides are scantly disseminated in the core, apparently replacing the primary Fe-oxides. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13571 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 285
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Water isotope-enabled climate and earth system models are able to directly simulate paleoclimate proxy records to aid in climate reconstruction. A less used major advantage is that water isotopologues provide an independent constraint on many atmospheric and hydrologic processes, allowing the model to be developed and tuned in a more physically accurate way. This paper describes the new isotope-enabled CAM5 model, including its isotopic physics routines, and its ability to simulate the modern distribution of water isotopologues in vapor and precipitation. It is found that the model has a negative isotopic bias in precipitation. This bias is partially attributed to model overestimates of deep convection, particularly over the midlatitude oceans during winter. This was determined by examining isotope ratios both in precipitation and vapor, instead of precipitation alone. This enhanced convective activity depletes the isotopic water vapor in the lower troposphere, where the majority of poleward moisture transport occurs, resulting in the insufficient transport of water isotopologue mass poleward and landward. This analysis also demonstrates that large-scale dynamical or moisture source changes can impact isotopologue values as much as local shifts in temperature or precipitation amount. The diagnosis of limitations in the large-scale transport characteristics has major implications if one is using isotope-enabled climate models to examine paleoclimate proxy records, as well as the modern global hydroclimate. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13572 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 281
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If you’ve dreamt of getting back those perfect teeth, then veneers may be an option for you.
Veneers are an ideal treatment for people with teeth that have been stained, chipped, or with gaps. They are wafer-thin and are custom-made, using tooth-colored materials. They are meant to cover the front surface of the teeth to improve the appearance, strength, and resilience.
Veneers are considered as permanent treatment. Hence, it’s important to have a good knowledge of what they are before jumping into this procedure.
There are several reasons why people opt for veneers. Some people use them for correcting small misalignments or closing gaps as they are less intrusive than crowns or braces. There are also those who opt for veneers for cosmetic reasons (i.e. enhance the brightness of the teeth, straighten the smile, etc.).
It often takes more than one trip to the dentist to get veneers. The first is usually for consultation while the subsequent trips are for making and applying veneers.
During your consultation, your dentist will assess your teeth. Your dentist will then explain the procedure and its limitations. This is the best time for you to ask for questions, if you have any.
If veneers are right for you, your dentist will remove half a millimeter of your enamel from the tooth surface to make a model or impression of your tooth. This is sent out to the laboratory to create your veneers. It takes about 2-4 weeks for your dentist to receive your veneers. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13574 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
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A growing body of evidence suggests that Instagram and other social media platforms might be destroying our romantic relationships.
How much are you on Instagram every day? Do you think it makes your life better or worse?
Today we’re going to look at how constantly posting on Instagram, and scrolling through what everyone you know is posting on Instagram, could be negatively affecting your health and wellbeing – and that of your relationships. A 2017 survey of people between the ages of 14 and 24 in the UK found that Instagram was the worst social media platform for an individual’s mental health. Moreso than Twitter, Facebook, or Snapchat, Instagram use was associated with low sleep quality, negative body image, and increased depression and anxiety.
One of the study’s authors says Instagram encourages users to “compare themselves against unrealistic, largely curated, filtered, and Photoshopped versions of reality.” So, we know what it can do to an individual, but what about your relationship?
Psychotherapist and author Esther Perel says more and more of her patients feel isolated in relationships as them and their partners spend their time together on Instagram instead of engaging each other, and she says seeing how other people present their relationships on Instagram can make someone second guess their own. Perel also thinks apps like Tinder and Bumble make us less happy, counterintuitively, by giving us too many options.
Experts have been talking about this kind of thing for a long time.
Psychologist Barry Schwartz called it The Paradox of Choice. Having so many options in any area of life, whether it’s what brand of cereal to get, what movie to watch on Netflix, or even who to pursue romantically, can be a paralyzing experience, and it makes the perfectionists in us unhappy – because if we have so many options, shouldn’t the choices we make be perfect?
Even worse, the flip side is if something you posted doesn’t get a bunch of likes, a previously happy memory could be distorted in the mind as negative, and if someone else’s relationship looks consistently perfect on Instagram, you’ll be that much more inclined to see the failings in your own. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13575 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 450
} |
Nymphaea alba (White water lily) is a species of flowering plant in the nymphaeaceae family. It is native to Europe, Turkey, Iran and Pakistan. It is an aquatic perennial plant that grows in ponds and lakes from 1-5 ft (30-150 cm) deep. It is in flower from June to August, and the seeds ripen from August to October. The flower are white, bowl-shaped, 10-20 cm in diameter, with yellow stamens in the center. Petals are 20-25, white, ovate-oblong, 1.2-2.4 in. (3-6 cm) long. The leaves are dark green, suborbicular, cordate-oval, 4-12 in. (10-30 cm) in diameter, with long petioles. Fruit is semiglobose, 2.5-3 cm. Seeds ellipsoid, 2-3 mm, smooth. Grown in water in full sun, It cannot grow in the shade. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13576 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
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Contactors are used for switching electric motors and otherresistive, inductive and capacitive loads (lifting equipment, pumps, fans, industry, etc.).
Contactors are used for switching electric motors and otherresistive, inductive and capacitive loads. (Lifting equipment, pumps, fans, industry, etc.). | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13582 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 65
} |
Diet Tips: GET HEALTHY WITH BLUEBERRIES IN YOUR DIET!
The blueberry is a very small fruit with big health benefits. This anti-oxidant packed fruit is not only delicious on its own or mixed in a cake or pie, it has important disease-fighting properties.
Your health can benefit by eating more tasty blueberries. Here’s why: The USDA ranked blueberries number 1 in antioxidant activity when compared to 40 other fresh fruits and veggies. Antioxidants play an important role in preventing cancer, heart disease and fighting the effects of aging. Blueberries are also a possible memory booster. They have been shown to slow age-related memory loss and improve concentration. These powerful berries are also a possible urinary tract infection fighter. Blueberries may also be a cholesterol reducer, containing compounds that may help lower cholesterol.
The best part about blueberries is that they are filling yet low-calorie which may help you shed pounds. 1 cup contains 83 calories, 1 g protein, 21 g carbohydrate, 0 g fat, 1 mg sodium and 3.5 g fiber. The good news is that you only need ½ cup to count towards your daily fruit serving – so stock up!
• Top oatmeal or cereal with fresh blueberries and vanilla soymilk.
• Stir frozen blueberries into yogurt for a mock frozen yogurt!
• Toss blueberries into your salad and sprinkle with feta for a unique addition.
• Skip the chocolate syrup and top off low-fat vanilla ice cream with a dose of healthy blueberries.
• Add dried blueberries to homemade trail mix. Try almonds, walnuts, dried blueberries and golden raisins.
• Toss frozen blueberries into muffins and quick breads.
• Give your next smoothie a blue hue by adding frozen blueberries and try blueberry juice instead of orange juice.
Start eating more blueberries. It’s one fruit you should learn to love. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13583 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 408
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The seminar aimed to examine why many Traveller men did not participate in education and training programmes and how this could be addressed. Angela Black (CEO of CIB) launched the research report undertaken by Dermot Sreenan, entitled ‘It’s all About Education – Making Education Work for Traveller men’. Angela highlighted how the engagement of Traveller men in both education and training is clearly part of the National Traveller and Roma Integration Strategy (NTRIS). She noted how the recommendations in the report identified how such engagement could be achieved.
Dermot Sreenan identified why the research was undertaken and how it represents the experience of Traveller men. He detailed proposed models for engaging Traveller men. Primarily, he noted the need to provide relevant training and education and the need for a safe respectful culturally appropriate space for the men to meet in. Critical too was the need for participants to see opportunities to progress into employment in order to ‘provide for their families’.
TJ Hogan (Traveller Pride Education Award Winner 2016) a third level student in Cork Institute of Technology, spoke eloquently of his own experience of exclusion within the education system. TJ, currently in his third year of studies, places a great importance on the future State recognition of Traveller ethnicity. This he feels is central to bringing the necessary reforms to our education system to make it more inclusive.
Dr. Thomas Murray from An Cósan, virtual Community Education College provided an insight into how community education should be practised. Learners should be encouraged to question the world, to base their learnings on their own experience, and in this way become empowered as both individuals and as part of their communities.
Patsy Sweeney, from the Galway Traveller Movement (GTM) detailed how his involvement with GTM enabled him to study with the National University in Galway. Patsy spoke of the enterprise, First Class Insulation, established with GTM which provides employment to Traveller men. Employment he stressed is vital for Traveller men- allowing them to provide for their families.
Bernard Joyce, the Director of the Irish Traveller Movement, spoke of the importance of initiatives being Traveller led. He stressed that engagement had to happen in an appropriate space and that stakeholders needed to demonstrate support and a degree of flexibility.
As the state moves towards recognising Travellers as a distinct ethnic group, the importance of continuing this conversation was noted by all. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13587 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 504
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Compartment syndrome refers to the compression of the nerves and blood vessels in a particular area of the body. The syndrome is characterized by severe pain that is not alleviated by pain medication or elevation of the affected body part. In the most serious cases, symptoms may include a lack of sensation in the affected area, skin discoloration, and weakness.
Compartment syndrome is most common in the lower extremities such as the forearm or legs. However, it can occur in the arms and hands as well.
Muscles are separated by thick layers of tissue called fascia. Each group of muscles are contained or compartmentalized by the fascia. Inside the fascia, there are muscles, blood vessels, and nerves. If the fascia becomes swollen due to trauma, increased pressure within the compartment may lead to a decrease of blood flow. If the situation remains untreated, the muscles, blood vessels, and nerves may be permanently damage. The damage can be so severe that it leads to amputation of the limb or body part.
A timely and proper diagnosis of compartment syndrome is vital to repair the damage and avoid permanent loss of the limb. A physical examination can reveal symptoms such as swelling, shiny skin, and severe pain in the area when squeezed. Compartment syndrome should be confirmed through a diagnostic test. A test can be performed by inserting a needle (attached to a pressure gauge) into the affected area. If the pressure is greater than 45 mmHg or when the pressure is within 30 mmHg of the diastolic blood pressure (the lower number of the blood pressure), compartment syndrome is diagnosed.
Surgery is normally required to relieve the pressure and avoid further damage to the nerves, blood vessels and muscles. Once the surgery is performed successfully, prognosis is generally good for a full recovery. However, if the surgery is delayed or compartment syndrome is misdiagnosed, the patient may suffer severe and permanent injury such as amputation. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13591 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 395
} |
Technology has changed publishing. And I’m not just talking about digital magazines or layout software or printing equipment. I’m talking about the what and why of its content. When I created a map for a magazine 15 years ago, for instance, it was extremely detailed. Every road was named, cross streets were included (at a minimum) and a detailed key was a necessity. This was the “style” because publishers expected readers to actually use the maps for navigation.
I remember discussing the elements of one map with a motorcycle magazine editor. Since some riders would tear out the page (or even photocopy it) to place into the clear pocket atop their tank bags for navigation, the map’s overall dimensions had to match the tank bag while the markers and text had to be easy comprehend at a glance.
Technology has changed that style, however. Today, editors expect a reader looking to follow a route will enter waypoints into their GPS. Maps have therefore become illustrations to accompany the story. They are simplified since readers are just using them for additional context as they read through article.
Which brings me to a couple of maps I created for the Fall 2016 BMW Motorcycle Magazine. You can see on the Oregon map just how simplified maps have become. The route is shown intersecting various cities and places but there are no other labels or crossing highways. Even the key is distilled down to a basic state polygon with a box to show scale.
The second map takes up most of a page and shows the terrific journey along the entire length of Africa. It’s an epic odyssey and I wanted the size of the map to reflect that. Of course, the African continent is pretty large and the route from Cairo, Egypt to Cape Town, South Africa is mostly on it’s eastern edge so much of the map would be blank. Rather than waste this space, the unvisited countries were filled with images from the trip to create an interesting visual. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13599 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 404
} |
A couple of weeks ago on January 27, International Holocaust Remembrance Day, a diverse group gathered for a marathon reading of Night, Nobel Prize winner, Elie Wiesel’s memoir of his youthful experiences as a prisoner in Auschwitz and Buchenwald.
The event was organized in part by the National Yiddish Theatre---fitting given that Night was originally written in Yiddish, though first published in French. The theater’s artistic director and several actors from past productions claimed several of the reading slots, but left more than sixty to be filled by participants from an intentionally broad pool.
At a time when this country is feeling so divided, when so much negativity is circulating about those who are different from ourselves — those who have different ethnicities, religions or even different political leanings — my father’s words are an important reminder of the dangers of the ‘us versus them’ mentality.
It took the volunteer readers a little over four hours to get through the slim volume, which shows up on many American high schools' required reading lists.
The free event was co-sponsored by the Museum of Jewish Heritage---A Living Memorial to the Holocaust, whose location in lower Manhattan was quite convenient to another important event taking place that day---an interfaith rally to protest President Donald Trump’s executive order banning immigrants from 7 countries, suspending entry for all refugees for a period of four months, and calling for “extreme vetting” screenings. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13603 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 299
} |
The vast open grasslands of the Masai Mara are famous throughout the world as the host of the annual migration, when 1.3 million wildebeest and zebra cross from the Serengeti to the Masai Mara in search of greener pastures from June to October.
With high densities of both resident and transient populations of game including lion, cheetah, leopard, elephant, rhino, giraffe, hyena and over 450 species of bird, the Masai Mara provides unrivaled game viewing throughout the year.
The 1510km2 acre Masai Mara National Reserve bordering Tanzania’s Serengeti National Park is surrounded by approximately a dozen conservation areas. These conservancies have been established as partnerships between the private sector and local Maasai pastoralist landowners to ensure the conservation of the Great Mara – Serengeti ecosystem and the protection of the wildlife within it.
Cheli & Peacock Safaris were fundamental in founding the 70,000 acre Mara North Conservancy (MNC), one of the largest community and private sector owned conservancies in the world. Regarded as one of Kenya’s most successful conservation models, MNC is an exclusive safari destination in a prime wildlife area, open only to the guests of the 12 member camps within it. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13609 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 270
} |
Many European road casualties result from vehicles leaving the road, often impacting roadside obstacles. As part of the European Commission-funded project RISER (Roadside Infrastructure for Safer European Roads), several activities were undertaken to collate the type of real world crash data which is needed to understand single vehicle crash situations and relate this to crash-test data mandated in the European Union. Accident data were collected and used to create databases exclusively for single-vehicle collisions on major rural roads, simulation software was used to further understand impacts with roadside structures, and an inventory of crash-test data was collected for impacts with poles and safety barriers. The combination of accident data, simulations and crash-test data has provided a unique insight into the characteristics of single-vehicle collisions, helping those involved in the design and evaluation of the roadside environment to understand them better and make recommendations for consideration when drafting design guidelines. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13616 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 179
} |
CASINO BANCO is one of the most prestigious Prague casinos, offering its visitors services of the highest professional level.
The BANCO CASINO building is located on the historically significant border between Old Town and the New Town. In a street that is ranked as one of the most expensive streets in the world, in terms of all renting areas within it.
Because of its location which is situated in the heart of Prague, buildings and streets nearby do remember stories that are deeply written in the history of the city.
The destruction of the city’s fortifications and filling of the castle moat predetermined the future importance of the Na Příkopě street. Its significance was greatly supported by the unification of Prague in 1784. Until then, this area was a periphery of both cities. During the 19th century, many important commercial buildings were bulit on the street Na Příkopě and by the end of the century the street became a highly frequented urban boulevard.
On the other side, it is against Myslbek’s construction of a fabulous building named “Fruit Market”. The fruit market had been the biggest and most important district of Prague for centuries because it was part of the largest market. However, the construction of Nostic Theater (today called the “Stavovské Theater”) interrupted the interconnected system of marketplaces, thus separating the Ovocný trh from the Old Town Square. Over the time, an extra square was formed around the Ovocný trh. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13618 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 330
} |
Since 1948 Britain has seen a shift of emphasis from upland to lowland sites for reservoir construction. Some have been built in arable farming areas with rolling topography. Since river valleys tend to be well populated, these reservoirs are sited outside the valleys and supplied by pumping. Water is released to maintain river flows and abstracted near to the point of supply. There are no public health restrictions on the use of pumpï¾storage and compensation reservoirs but planning authorities and local residents have generally opposed intensive recreational development in rural areas. Demand for water recreation is however great, and the permitted recreational facilities, usually fishing, sailing and walking, are used to capacity. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13621 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 134
} |
Education, infrastructure development and social cohesion/nation building are the three subjects South Africa’s President Jacob has spoken about the most in his state of the nation addresses (SONAs) since 2009.
So I decided, since this was his tenth, to combine all his speeches and see what subjects he’s devoted the most words to since 2009. Education was the unexpected winner with 3,353 words – about 7% of the total word count. In second place is infrastructure development (2,909 words), a key driver of the economy and job creation. Third is social cohesion/nation building (2,699 words) – which encompasses sports, arts and culture, heritage, national events, such as Human Rights Day, etc, all of which are handy sources of good news to cheer up the speech.
Electricity supply/energy security was fourth (2,278 words), thanks to the tribulations at the national energy utility, Eskom. Five was jobs (2,207 words), with South Africa’s unemployment rate of 27%, that’s no surprise.
Squeezing into sixth place was the economy with 1,957 words. Between 2009 and 2013 the president spoke mainly about economic recession, then from 2014 onwards it was about recovery and growth.
The treemap ranks the topics included in President Zuma’s 10 SONAs by combined word counts.
Education was ranked second, as the president described how the “caring government” was dealing with the #Feesmustfall protests on university campuses. See A good year for education in the State of the Nation address on Passmark for more on education in the SONAs.
The chart below breaks down each of President Zuma’s 10 Sonas by topic and word count. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13623 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 367
} |
Here are the most common ways the owner of a corporation or LLB can become personally liable. A corporation is owned by its shareholders, managed by its board of directors, and in most cases operated by its officers. If you are in a trade or business, a loss from the debts is a business bad debt if the debts were closely related to your trade or business when they became worthless. This leverage, the proportion of debt to equity, is considered important in determining the riskiness of an investment; the more debt per equity, the riskier. These debts would also be business debts if sold to the new owner of the business. It is not unusual for a business to find itself in debt and owing to multiple creditors. Credit reporting services, such as Fidelity Information, Corporation report bad debts to each of the three credit reporting bureaus and in addition, provide support for small businesses in reporting all bad or delinquent debts. This usually involves paying the lawyer with money that may have gone to the company's creditors. Debt investors assess the risk of default prior to making a loan, for example through credit scores and corporate and sovereign ratings. Loans to clients and suppliers.
It is not a recovery of her bad debt. Usually, it's not hard to establish the business connection. If you secured a business loan or debt by pledging property such as a house, boat, or car, you are personally liable for the debt, and if your business defaults on the loan, the lender or creditor can sue you to foreclose on the property and use the proceeds to repay the debt. It is subject to the short-term capital loss limitations. Disadvantages of the Corporation Corporations require annual meetings and require owners and directors to observe certain formalities. It may not be a total loss, though. This happens when a court finds that your corporation or LLB is really just a sham and that it is you personally operating the business. Another attractive feature of lacs that we will discuss throughout this book is their flexibility. My customer refuses to pay me. Loans to clients and suppliers. p39 If you loan money to a client, supplier, employee, or distributor for a business reason and you are unable to collect the loan after attempting to do so, you have a business bad debt. Can I write that off?” In order to obtain certification, the agency must meet rigorous criteria. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13626 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 480
} |
The aim is to encourage the extra lymph fluid to move away from the swollen area so it can drain normally. MLD also improves lymph fluid drainage through the healthy lymph vessels, which helps If youve ever had a surgery on your lymph nodes, your doctor may have suggested lymphatic drainage massage. This is a technique used to remove waste fluids that build up following surgery. Read Lymphatic drainage, or lymph massage, is a gentle approach that focuses on the top layers of tissues for the enhancement of lymphatic circulation.
At its most basic, lymph drainage can help clients improve metabolism, regenerate body tissue, normalize organ function, and boost the immune system. Lymphatic massage, also called lymphatic drainage or manual lymph drainage, is a technique developed in Germany for treatment of lymphedema, an accumulation of fluid that can occur after lymph nodes are removed during surgery, most often a mastectomy for breast cancer. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13627 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 186
} |
Lorraine is a region of France located in the northeast part of the country, which includes four departments such as Meurthe-et-Moselle, Meuse, Moselle and Vosges . Main cities are Nancy, Bar-le-Duc, Metz and Epinal .
The tourism industry in Lorraine has a rich and various heritage. The main tourists attractions are the museums, monuments with castles and historical sites, gastronomy and art crafts.
The region benefits from the tourism industry all year round thanks to the ‘massif des Vosges’ of which a part is listed by UNESCO, in summer tourists attractions focuses more on the religious monuments and art workshops located in Meurthe-et-Moselle. The ‘Land of Glass and Crystal’ includes several villages where this form of art is made, such as Meisenthal that houses a museum, Goetzenbruck de Lemberg or Saint-Louis-lès-Bitche and Baccarat, the earthenware factory of Niderviller a listed historical monument.
Also, since de beginning of the closing of the mines in Lorraine, industrial tourism has developed notably with the museum of the mine in Neufchef, the same happened with the ‘parc du Hauts-Fourneau U4’ in Uckange that is one of the rarest steel industry vestige dating from the 20th century.
Finally, Amnéville-les-Thermes has developed a tourist and leisure park with a spa centre and casino as well as with one of the most beautiful zoo in Europe and the first indoor ski slope of France, the Snow Hall in Amnéville. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13629 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 359
} |
This lawn care maintenance how-to module, is designed for the do-it-yourselfer. It is a series of short articles of lawn care tips to give you the basics of watering, mowing, fertilizing, aerating, dethatching, and topdressing your lawn.
Let's face it, lawn care maintenance is not always at the top of everyone's to-do list.
You've spent hundreds or thousands of dollars sodding or seeding your yard, now what? How do you care for it? Water it? Fertilize it? Mow it? and keep it healthy?
Spending a little bit of time each week on grass care, will protect your investment for many years to come. A lush, thick, green lawn not only shows the pride you take in your property, but it is also a defense against weeds, pests, disease, drought, and winter kill.
There are many different varieties of grass on the market depending on the climate that you live in.
Many of them have different requirements for water, nutrients, sun, shade and mowing heights.
Although it may not be possible to cover all varieties specifically, we will do our best to cover as much as we can in lawn care maintenance.
Before you start a lawn maintenance program, it is up to you to first know your grass type and soil conditions. This will allow you to follow the best programs for your lawn.
With lawn maintenance, don't let calender dates dictate when you perform certain tasks in your yard. Sometimes seasons come earlier, or last longer due to the weather. Be in tune to the weather and forecasts. The information in this module is only a basic guide.
It is also important to know that not all of these methods will be recommended by everyone. Landscapers in the industry are often in disagreement over what methods work best, and when to do them.
Even scientists give conflicting statements on the experiments they conduct. At Dream-yard try our best to provide you with the different options that are available to you. No two lawns are alike, and you have to find out which works best for you.
You will frequently see us offering different options, rather than giving specific step by step instructions.
For those of you requiring more information on grass types, soil, or fertilizers, we will occasionally provide some links for you for further reading at the end of the modules. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13631 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 498
} |
Osteoarthritis is the wearing away of the cartilage coating the bones at a joint. As the cartilage deteriorates, bone rubs on bone, causing inflammation and pain. Many individuals tend to respond by moving the joint less, avoiding stress to the area. This often causes muscular weakness and imbalances which pull the joint out of proper alignment, resulting in further deterioration. It is a vicious cycle for which there is no cure.
There are nearly as many approaches to treating arthritis as there are sufferers of the syndrome. Western medicine addresses the symptoms, attempting to relieve the pain, inflammation, and joint instability. Eastern medicine addresses the cause of the symptoms, attempting to balance blood and energetic nourishment to the joints. At Golden Leaf, I combine both approaches, relieving symptoms while enhancing the body’s natural healing abilities. I do this by combining acupuncture, physical therapy modalities, nutritional recommendations and supplements, and appropriate topical ointments. I also emphasize patient education regarding appropriate exercise levels, care of the joints, and prevention of further damage. If you’re suffering from arthritis, call Golden Leaf and find out what we can do together to help you to feel good again! | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13633 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 244
} |
This condition, also called "ulnar nerve entrapment," happens to the ulnar nerve in your elbow. This nerve travels along the inner side of your elbow and down to your hand. It's the nerve that makes the jolt you feel when you bump your "funny bone." With this condition, your ulnar nerve is compressed, stretched or irritated. Patients usually feel numbness in the small and ring finger. Numbness is usually worse at night and with prolonged elbow flexion. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13637 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 101
} |
Nationalism is a central and recurring force in the modern world, often rising to the fore in times of crisis and rapid social change. The recent surge of interest in nationalism has created a pressing need to systematically evaluate existing areas of research in order to encourage new insight and understanding.
The State of Nationalism (SoN) seeks to create a comprehensive guide to nationalism. On this website, you will find articles on key themes in the study of nationalism linked to a database of annotated bibliographies. All material published with SoN is written by experts, peer-reviewed, and open-source. The quality of the articles is equivalent to the best multi-volume readers and journal articles that survey an area of research. They are also regularly updated, ensuring that they remain current. To encourage comparative and theoretically-relevant research, our articles and bibliographies explicitly focus on concepts rather than particular national movements.
SoN brings together world-leading researchers and institutes from around the globe. It is jointly supported by the research network National movements and Intermediary Structures in Europe (NISE) and the University of East London (UEL). SoN also benefits from partnerships with Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism (ASEN), the Centre for Research on Migration, Refugees and Belonging (CMRB) and the Study Platform on Interlocking Nationalisms (SPIN). Leading experts provide scholarly advice and support through the Advisory Council and the Advisory Committee. Dr Eric Taylor Woods (UEL) and Dr Robert Schertzer (University of Toronto) are jointly responsible for the overall management and editing of SoN. Mr Stefan Poland (SPIN) is the Managing Editor. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13640 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 342
} |
Do you sometimes feel that your life is going in the wrong direction and it is out of control? You know that things are happening you have no control over. When we face these types of situation, we have two choices. We can either accept that there are things in our life we cannot change, and there are things in life we can.
When there are things in our life we can change, then we must not wait for things to change, but we must work at changing them. Many people know what needs to be done to change a situation but for reasons sometimes known only to them they procrastinate doing the things that can change their situation and improve it.
Sometimes when things are happening in our life we can’t change, we need to deal with them by accepting them and learning to live with them with patience and not just surviving but thriving as we accept them.
The prayer of Francis asked for the ability to tell the difference between the things we can change and the things we can’t change and for many people this is the first step towards finding the solution to a bad situation. We need to ask if the situation can change and if it can, what practical steps do we need to take to bring about the change.
Sometimes we can answer this question our self, sometimes we need the help of a professional counselor or advisor. Having determined the answer to that question we need to put steps into place to help us make the change, and the counselor may be able to help us give us advice in the best way to make the change.
If we decide the change can’t be made, we need to try to see the situation in the bigger picture so we don’t focus on it. We need to accept the problem is here to stay and our goals must be on how to relegate the problem to the background and value the life we have apart from the problem.
This maybe the more difficult path of the two choices, but which ever path we choose, we have taken steps that will ensure us a better life and personal growth. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13644 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 422
} |
Manuel Antonio National Park - Take a Hike!
Manuel Antonio is a national park in Puntarenas province near the city of Quepos. It is located in the Central Pacific Conservation Area. Although it's one of the smallest national parks in Costa Rica, it's also one of the most popular due to amazing wildlife and stunning beaches.
Manuel Antonio is known for its beautiful beaches on the Pacific Ocean.
Playa Espadilla Sur is the southern portion of Playa Espadilla Norte, the public beach just outside the park.
Playas Gemelas is a double beach with the two sections separated by volcanic rocks.
Playa Manuel Antonio is the most popular beach, located just past the restrooms. Punta Catedral is visible across the bay.
Playa Puerto Escondido can be seen from an overlook past Playas Gemelas.
Although Manuel Antonio is Costa Rica's smallest National Park, it's amazing biodiversity makes it one of the most visited parks in the country. Paid guides are available to lead visitors on a tour to see wildlife that they might otherwise miss. Among the most common residents of the parks are monkeys, such as the white-headed capuchins (Cebus capucinus). These monkeys are commonly seen in the trees overhead.
The Central American Squirrel Monkey (Saimiri oerstedii) is another species of monkey found in the dense canopy of the park's forests.
Another common species is the black iguana (Ctenosaura similis), which can be seen basking in the sun's warmth or hiding among rocks. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13645 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 330
} |
With technology constantly growing and advancing, the average website now receives approximately 60% of its traffic from a mobile device. Google reports that 94% of people with smartphones search for local information on their phones and 77% of mobile searches occur at home or work, places where desktop computers are most likely to be present. In 2014, the number of mobile users surpassed the number of those using a desktop. These statistics confirm the growing popularity and need for a company’s mobile presence online, including the need for a well-constructed mobile website.
In April 2015, Google will introduce mobile-friendliness as part of their search algorithm. This update will put emphasis on sites designed for mobile search and give priority to these pages in search results.
and app indexing, where users will be served a link to a previously downloaded app if appropriate. Google now labels mobile friendly websites directly within search results. Having this label may help increase click through rates, as users know a mobile friendly website is more likely to load quicker and will be easier to navigate on their device. You may also see the word “slow” next to websites with long page load times.
Google also has available a Mobile Usability report within Webmaster Tools and a PageSpeed Insights tool for mobile sites. This is a great start for understanding where your website currently stands in terms of mobile usability.
The most common type of mobile website uses a “responsive design.” A responsive design website is a single website coded to “respond” to the device of a user. With this design, the website can adapt by changing the width of columns, text size, button spacing, etc. to offer optimal mobile viewing for the user.
Another type of mobile website is the “M.” site (m.site.com), which creates a separate mobile website. These sites are becoming less popular as they often provide a poor user experience and require much more coding to maintain. Mobile-only pages also need to build up their own reputation (content, links, etc.) because they do not receive shared indexing signals from an existing desktop version of the page. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13647 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 436
} |
A System Administrator contacts you (because you're the forensic geek/god) and asks for your assistance in looking at something. He then hands you a flash device with a single zip files that he explains was "handed off" to him by another admin. The file is named "Suspicious_File" and was reported by the user as being unrecognized and not sure where it came from. Eventually the user contacted desktop support staff, who eventually forwarded it to an administrator, who has now contacted you. Unfortunately, the user changed the original name and zipped it to send to the helpdesk, so the original name or path is unknown.
Analyze the file and if possible, determine its origin, purpose, function and any other information that might be useful to the administrator. To avoid posting the correct results and spoiling it for anyone else who may be trying to work through this problem, post the final hash value of any file you analyze in the comments and I will provide feedback from there.
You can download the "Suspicious_File" here.
During a recent EnScript training class, a student asked about how to programmatically export MFT slack, that is, the data that may exist between the end of a logical MFT record and the end of the physical MFT record. A typical MFT record can be anywhere between 400 to 700 bytes in length, but the MFT allocates 1024 bytes for each record. This can cause data to be left from previous records, the same way data remains in file slack at the end of a cluster.
I wrote this EnScript during the class to demonstrate some of the fundamental programming principles and decided I would post it in case someone has a need for it.
This EnScript will process every MFT found in the case. The EnScript only exports data in the MFT record slack area with an ASCII value between 0x20 (space) and 0x7E (tilde). A folder is created in the case default export folder named "MFT Slack" and a file with a record number is created for every MFT record that contains slack. The reason this method was used, was so if you review the exported data and find something of interest, you can quickly map it back to the exact MFT record where it came from. If a MFT record has no data in slack, then no export file is created for that record. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13649 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 482
} |
Changes to new car emissions legislation scheduled for 2009, the so-called 'Euro 5' standards, will make particulate filters as commonplace in diesel car exhausts as are catalytic convertors on petrol cars.
The goal is an 80% reduction in diesel particulate (soot) emissions but the technology's not without problems – many cars are already having the particulate filter warning light illuminated (which indicates a partial blockage).
It's clear that changes to driving style may be required too for maximum benefit from these systems.
If you have a DPF warning light appear, you should immediately arrange to have it checked out, before you end up with huge repair costs.
Here at Speedwell Garage, we have invested in the technology to enable us to carry out forced regeneration processing on most cars. Contact us today for further details.
Diesel Particulate filters (DPF) or 'traps' do just that, they catch bits of soot in the exhaust.
As with any filter, they have to be emptied regularly to maintain performance. For a DPF this process is called 'regeneration' . The process of regeneration, is when the soot is burnt off at very high temperatures, to leave a tiny ash residue. Regeneration may be either passive or active.
Passive regeneration takes place usually when you drive on the motorway for example. The exhaust temperature gets so high, that it automatically carries this out, without you even knowing its happening. Unfortunately, many cars don't get this sort of use, or if they do, not as often. This is when the ECU (Engine management unit) takes control and carries out an 'Active regeneration'.
Many journeys and driving conditions these days are stop/start. With this kind of driving, regeneration may not be completed and this is when a warning light illuminates, to show that the DPF is partially blocked. When the soot level reaches a set limit, the ECU will make some adjustments in order for the exhaust temperature to increase. You should be able to complete the regeneration by driving the vehicle for at least 10 minutes, or at low gears/high revs. If you choose to ignore the warning light, over time the soot level will increase, and most likely cause more problems. At this stage it will need to be taken in for repairs or a forced regeneration. You should never leave it to chance, considering a new DPF could cost you about £1000. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13650 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 504
} |
The Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit (also known as the Stealth Bomber) is an American heavy bomber with low observable stealth technology designed to penetrate dense anti-aircraft defenses and deploy both conventional and nuclear weapons. Because of its considerable capital and operational costs, the project was controversial in the U.S. Congress and among the Joint Chiefs of Staff. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Congress slashed initial plans to purchase 132 bombers to 21. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13652 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 95
} |
late 14c., "full of pores," from Old French poros (14c., Modern French poreux), from Medieval Latin porosus; or directly from Latin porus "an opening" (see pore (n.)). Figurative use from 1640s.
The soft layers are porous, and permit the diffusion of the acid from plate to plate.
Hanging from one of the sticks that supported the tent was a porous jar of water.
Papillate -us: a surface with small elevations which are porous at tip.
It should be porous in a high degree—whether in winter weight or summer weight.
The vein was porous and water was constantly trickling out of it.
The soil is porous, easy to cultivate, and exceedingly productive.
You are cold and estranged; Yet the ends of my fingers cling to your porous surface.
Since they possess pores or vessels, the hardwoods are called "porous" woods.
The same field, well drained, is friable and porous, and uniform in texture.
That through which the water had passed, after it had been dried, was more open and porous. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13658 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 241
} |
In 1918, there was a war on. The US had joined in on The Great war in 1917, and belts were tightened. Thus, there’s no annual or class picture of the 1918 graduating class.
The 1917 high school is depicted above, from the Miami Record-Herald.
There are many familiar names here in the Miami business community. Sons and daughters of manufacturers, barbers, mining magnates, miners, and merchants. Many of these would go on to become familiar Miami names themselves.
The 1918 seniors went out into a world that would see a 1920’s boom, a 1929 depression, and a 1941 entry into a world conflict. They would see the mining industry play itself out, they would help Miami reinvent itself as a manufacturing center, and they would set their descendants on a course of helping Miami adopt to even more challenging situations in the future. The Miami spirit is indomitable. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13662 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 187
} |
Each of us is a metropolis. Bustling about in everyone's body are tens of trillions of microbes. Some are descended from starter populations provided by mom during birth. Additional bacteria, yeasts, and other life forms hitchhike in with foods. By age 3, everyone's gut hosts a fairly stable, yet diverse, ecosystem. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13663 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 68
} |
While recently visiting the Dunkirk Harbor on the eastern edge of Lake Erie, I was able to observe a flock of Bonaparte’s gulls feeding near the docks. There were at least 30 birds flying very near the dock. With good regularity, one would plunge down into the water and come out with a small fish. It would immediately fly away from the flock to try and enjoy its meal in peace. Only once did I observe another gull give chase and successfully make the hunter drop its prize. Neither gull ended up with the fish – clearly making it the true winner.
• Named after a nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte. Charles Lucien Bonaparte was a highly regarded ornithologist in the early 1800s.
• Tern-like in behavior, in fact my first thought was that it was a tern.
• Nests in trees – only gull that regularly does.
• Eats mostly insects during breeding season and won’t be seen at garbage dumps as it is not a scavenger. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13664 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 217
} |
Most diabetes patients tend to avoid eating carrots because of the sweetness. The main concern with the vegetable is its impact on blood sugar levels. Farm fresh carrots are sweet when eaten raw and even sweeter when roasted. This concern with carrots’ sweet taste stem from a misunderstanding on how carbohydrates actually work in the bloodstream.
When consumed, carbohydrates are broken down and absorbed by our body as glucose. Glucose is that sugar which your body uses in order to create energy. There are two kinds of carbohydrates, complex and simple carbohydrates. Complex carbohydrates are vegetables and starches, such as pasta and rice. On the other hand, simple carbohydrates are milk, fruits, yogurt and sugar.
Regardless of the food that you eat, it is the amount of carbohydrates that dictates how the food affects your blood sugar.
You are probably doubting the goodness of carrots for diabetes simply because the food has a high glycemic index. Glycemic Index is the measurement of the food’s ability to increase your insulin or blood sugar level. In the glycemic index scale, carrots register at 41, which is considered high. However, it is much more important that you focus on glycemic load instead of glycemic index.
Glycemic load is a combination of glycemic index and the amount of carbohydrates that the food has. Carrots have a lower glycemic load due its low carbohydrate content. As such, the food will not have a significant impact on your blood sugar level.
A large piece of carrot contains 7 g of carbohydrates. In comparison, a cup of broccoli contains 6 g of carbohydrates. These two vegetables do not have any added sugar. They are essentially equal in terms of the amount of carbohydrates, despite the fact that carrot is sweet and broccoli is not. Thus, it is safe to conclude that just like broccoli, carrots are also a healthy choice of food for diabetics.
The best thing about carrots is that you can cook them in so many ways. You can eat them as boiled or steamed and serve as a side along with your meals. They can also make for a great ingredient on stews and soups. Either way, carrots are definitely safe for diabetes patients to consume. They will not cause a spike in your blood sugar despite of their sweetness. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13665 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 460
} |
Thessaly (Thessalía) is one of the 13 regions of Greece. It is sub-divided into 4 prefectures. The capital is Larissa. Together with the regions of Macedonia and Thrace, it is often referred to unofficially as Northern Greece.
Thessaly lies in central Greece and borders with Macedonia to the north, Epirus to the west, Sterea Hellas or Central Greece to the south and the Aegean Sea to the east. Before the Greek Dark Ages, Thessaly was known as Aeolia.
Thessaly was home to an extensive Neolithic culture around 2500 BC. Mycenaean settlements have also been discovered, for example at the sites of Iolcos, Dimini and Sesklo (near Volos). | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13666 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 166
} |
Close-up of a scientist's gloved hands using a digital pH meter to measure the pH of a chemical solution. The tip of the probe is immersed in to the liquid and measurements are taken to determine its pH. A pH reading below 7 is acidic, one above 7 is alkaline, while a pH of 7 is neutral. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13667 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 67
} |
Linux is an operating system based on the Linux kernel. Linux is open source. Distributions of Linux include Debian and Fedora. This page lists examples of some common tasks that can be performed with Linux.
What version of RedHat am I using?
What users have accounts on my system?
How do I set the default file and directory permissions?
How do I determine the size of a directory?
How do I determine the type of a file?
How do I find text in a file?
How do I see the current processes?
How do I create an alias to a common command?
How do I update and display an environment variable?
How do I count lines, words, and bytes in a file?
How do I use the tar command?
What is a keyboard shortcut to open a terminal window in Fedora?
How do I determine my IP address using Linux?
How do I start the SSH server on Fedora?
How do I use public key authentication over SSH from a Windows client?
How does a regular user execute a command as an administrator? | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13669 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 223
} |
The successive digits of the base-ten representation of a rational number are connected. Such representations are eventually periodic.
In a fraction , where and are integers, the numerator is and the denominator is .
Daniel de Souza Carvalho "Graphs of the Successive Digits of Rational Numbers" | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13671 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 63
} |
Risk-taking and overconfidence in swimming ability may play a significant role in water-related deaths.
Swimming pool. Picture: Vic Brincat/Wikimedia Commons.
JOHANNESBURG - With the recent numbers of fatal and non-fatal drownings, and many South Africans preparing to head to their holiday destinations, we urge you to take care while participating in any water sports.
People should remember however that anyone, even those who can swim, are at risk of drowning.
Never allow a child to swim without adult supervision. Also, never leave youngsters unsupervised around water bowls or bathtubs for example. You can drown in approximately two centimetres of water.
Ensure children wear a life jacket if they cannot swim.
Keep your pool covered with an approved cover when not in use.
Do not swim too far out into the ocean. After a while, you may struggle due to fatigue or get swept away further due to strong currents.
When at the ocean, swim in designated areas that are supervised by lifeguards.
WHAT TO DO IF SOMEONE IS DROWNING?
If you are at the coast and you see a person drowning, alert a lifeguard immediately. If you decide to save the person yourself, ensure you wear a floatation device.
If you find a person drowning and are able to get them out of the water, initiate CPR if there is no pulse and breathing.
Do not stop CPR unless the victim starts to breathe on his/her own.
Call for an ambulance as soon as possible and tell them what you are doing so they can send the correct level of care.
Do not put the person in the car and drive to hospital. You may be involved in an accident due to panic or the victim may suffer brain damage while en route to hospital.
In case of a near drowning, seek medical attention as soon as possible and explain clearly to medical staff what has happened. There are instances where secondary drowning occurs. This is more common in children than adults and may be difficult to recognise. The person may seem okay even though they may have taken in water that finds its way to the lungs. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13673 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 446
} |
Organ printing is defined as a computer-aided layer-by-layer additive robotic biofabrication of functional human 3D tissue and organ constructs using self-assembling tissue spheroids as building blocks. Organ printing as any rapid prototyping technology in essence is an information technology because it transforms virtual reality of computer-aided design (CAD) or “organ blueprint” into physical reality or bioprinted organ.
During last decade organ printing has been rapidly emerged as a potentially superior alternative of classic solid scaffold-based approach in tissue engineering. It is becoming increasingly obvious that organ printing could not be reduced anymore to just simple one step bioprinting process and it rather represents an integrated complex of enabling technologies which could be arranged into organ biofabrication line.
Robotic bioprinter is a most essential element of emerging bioprinting technology. Bioprinter can be defined as a computer-aided robotic device for precision layer by layer placement of cells and minitissue such as tissue spheroids into 3D space.
Perfusion bioreactors additionally have been used as a tool for providing mechanical conditioning of tubular tissue engineered constructs.
Virtual manufacturing is one of the most important tools in the development of manufacturing technology and it is now a standard practice in many industries.
It is also important to underline that bioprinting and biofabrication technologies as all rapid prototyping technologies in essence are information technologies, because they are transforming virtual information or “organ blueprint” into physical biological reality - bioprinted organ. It means that automation of bioprinting processes and development of integrated organ biofabrication line will require sophisticated operational control including development of novel type of software. Moreover, designing of “blueprint” for organ printing as well as high resolution and reproducible digital (or droplet-based) bioprinting methods will require optimization of existing CAD software and development of new generation of BioCAD software based on novel function representation approach. Biofabrication technologies as any other modern manufacturing technologies are heavily depended on computer-aided design, computer simulation, mathematical and computational modeling and in silico or virtual testing. Thus, it is safe to predict that the first complex human organ such as kidney will be bioprinted at first in silico. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13679 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 482
} |
Global fossil fuel demand could be slashed by 2040 due to slowing population and economic growth coupled with a rapid expansion of renewable energy, warns an Oct. 22 Carbon Tracker Initiative report.
Typical industry scenarios see coal, oil and gas use growing by 30 – 50 per cent and still making up 75 per cent of the global energy supply mix in 2040, but none take into account the huge potential for reducing fossil fuel demand as ever-more countries seek to ‘decarbonize’ their economies, according to a new Carbon Tracker Initiative report titled Lost in transition: How the energy sector is missing potential demand destruction.
The report counters several fossil fuel-sector ‘business as usual’ (BAU) assumptions, key among them being countries’ intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) in cutting greenhouse gas emissions and ramping up renewable power development.
This unfolding global green energy revolution is rapidly accelerating thanks to cost reductions of energy (battery) storage being seven years ahead of average forecasts made last year, meaning that the technology could be cost-competitive with power grids by 2025. Such synergy between energy storage and renewable energy technologies has the potential to transform energy markets, but is still not being factored into fossil fuel scenarios.
As renewables take off, global coal demand is facing structural decline, as exemplified by China shifting its energy system to such a degree that peak coal demand could occur in the very near-term, the country having announced a national carbon cap-and-trade system in the run-up to the Paris climate talks.
India has also announced a crash program for developing renewables ahead of Paris – 160 GW of solar and wind by 2022 – which could displace 158 million tonnes or the rough total weight of India’s coal imports in 2012.
Nonetheless, fossil fuel companies still expect demand to grow by 0.4 – 0.8 per cent annually to 2040, thanks to the road transport sector that forms the oil industry’s biggest consumer market.
However, efficiency regulations of combustion engine cars will impact oil demand in the short-term. In the longer-term, oil industry scenarios are projecting a negligible take-up of electric vehicles by 2040, but alternative forecasts suggest that they could be cost-competitive with combustion-engine vehicles as early as 2025. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13680 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 469
} |
The cells you recieve will probably be suspended in ethanol. Pipette about 800ul of the cell in ethanol liquid into a microcentrifuge tube. Make sure the centrifuge is balanced, and centrifuge at 300 x g for about 5 min. You should be able to see a white solid at the bottom.
Pipette 200ul of PBS (phosphate buffer saline which may be found in the fridge in the lab) into the microcentrifuge tube with your cells to resuspend them.
Add 200ul Buffer AL (without ethanol added) and vortex it until it looks mixed and put it in the incubator at 56°C for 10 minutes.
Add 200ul ethanol (96-100%) and vortex until it is homogeneous.
Pipette the mixture (set the pipette to 600ul) into a spin column and make sure to label the cap, and centrifuge it at 8000 rpm for 1 min (you have to set the centrifuge to 2 min, and once it reaches 8000 rpm start your watch and time it for 1 min).
Throw out the collection tube full of liquid and put the spin column into a new tube. Add Buffer 500ul AW1 and centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 1 min.
Throw out the collection tube full of liquid and put the spin column into a new tube. Add Buffer 500ul AW2 and centrifuge at 130 000 rpm for 5 min.
Throw out the collection tube full of liquid and remove the spin column carefully as not to let it touch the liquid and put the spin column into a 1.5 or 1.7 ml microcentrifuge tube (not from the kit, one with a cap) and label it.
Add 100ul Buffer AE (elution buffer) and let it sit at room temperature for 1 min. Centrifuge at 8000 rpm for 1 min.
The liquid in the bottom of the microcentrifuge tube is your DNA.
The next step is the PCR Procedure. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13682 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 413
} |
Between January and May of 2017, the Ministry of Health of Vietnam (MOHV), with financial and technical support from PIVI and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), successfully vaccinated nearly 11,000 healthcare workers with seasonal influenza vaccine in 29 healthcare facilities throughout the country. The vaccine was supported by the Influenza Division, CDC through a cooperative agreement with MOHV. Following the vaccination campaign, a survey of randomly selected healthcare workers in 13 of the 29 healthcare facilities showed that a vaccination program of this type was well-received. In addition, monitoring following immunization showed that there were no severe adverse events following vaccination. MOHV, with the support of PIVI and CDC, plan to expand the immunization of healthcare workers in the coming years, with the goals of decreasing illness and death, and strengthening Vietnam’s pandemic preparedness.
Healthcare workers with personal experience receiving influenza vaccine will be true leaders in helping to increase the use of seasonal influenza vaccine as part of the MOHV immunization program – helping to keep more citizens healthy from influenza.
In May, Atlanta staff and partners from the Southeast European Center for Surveillance and Control of Infectious Diseases (SECID) traveled to Macedonia to meet representatives of the Macedonia Ministry of Health and Institute of Public Health. The goal of the meeting was to engage key stakeholders in Macedonia, and determine how best to move forward with Macedonia as a new PIVI partner country. Stakeholders were supportive of PIVI engagement in country, and eager to expand and sustain their flu vaccine program. Next steps for Macedonia include developing a work plan for future activities and a draft sustainability plan to guide vaccine program growth in the coming year(s). Upcoming activities in the SECID region include: 1) Media training for SECID countries (Fall 2018) and 2) Regional training among experts on advisory committees for influenza vaccination (’18-’19 season).
Armenia hosted a workshop in evidence-based review in September 2017. Members of the NITAG working group on influenza vaccine convened for a five-day training, to be followed up by additional working sessions. The group is in the final stages of developing a national technical dossier to be presented to the NITAG for their consideration in decisions regarding influenza vaccine. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13687 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 470
} |
Mathematical modelling is increasingly applicable to the practical sciences. Here, mathematical approaches are applied to the study of mechanisms of digestion and metabolism in primary animal species. Farmed animals - ruminants, pigs, poultry and fish are comprehensively covered, as well as sections on companion animals. Common themes between species, such as energy and amino acid metabolism, are explored with a worldwide approach.
Leading researchers from around the world have contributed to France and Kebreab's volume to provide an integrated approach to mathematical modelling in animal nutrition. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13691 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 109
} |
Depression is among the most common mental illnesses in Europe. Due to the often long duration of the disease and frequently recurring symptoms, the disease is of great general and economic importance.
The cause of depression is usually a combination of different social, psychological and physical factors. For the medical diagnosis of depression there are several criterias like the difficulty being that the symptoms of the disease are manifold and the diagnosis cannot be based on objectively measurable values.
Depressions affect the patient in all aspects of his or her lifestyle. They are important for the illness and its environment. Absenteeism due to depression as well as a reduced productivity of the sick person at work, which is difficult to quantify, are of particular consequence for individual companies and the economy.
Studies indicate an increase in the disease with depression in recent years. As part of a project on global disease burden, a population-based assessment of the healthy life years that are lost due to illnesses has been made. The data show that depression is already one of the diseases in the industrialized nations that are attributable to a significant loss of healthy life years.
If the trend continues to increase in the number of illnesses, depression in the year 2030 could become the most common disease in the industrialized nations.
According to the present results, women were almost twice as likely to be affected by depression as men, with increasing age, rising absenteeism and prescription rates are showing up shortly before the retirement age. Indications of reduced risk of illness are found in higher education and vocational training and accordingly also primarily for employees in occupations with higher qualifications as well as with technical-craftsman orientation. In contrast, workers with lower qualifications and social professions tend to be more likely to be affected.
In the course of the 15 years, differences between the federal states have decreased in view of work disorders with depression as well as with regard to regulations of antidepressants. This could indicate an approximation of living conditions, but also an approximation of the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of physicians. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13695 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 402
} |
Some of the common side effects of loratadine in adults include headaches, dizziness, and dry mouth. In children, side effects include hyperactivity and stomach pain. Side effects are typically minor and easily treated. However, some side effects are potentially serious and should be reported to your healthcare provider right away, such as breathing problems or signs of an allergic reaction.
As with any medicine, side effects are possible with loratadine (Claritin®). However, not everyone who takes the drug will have problems. In fact, most people tolerate it quite well. If side effects do occur, in most cases, they are minor and either require no treatment or are easily treated by you or your healthcare provider. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13700 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 148
} |
As a single bulb accessory, mini pendant shades are often used as a task lighting source. These lights hang from the ceiling by a rope or chain. The balloon that holds the bulb is attached at the bottom. They are usually installed in kitchens with islands and tables. This type of accessory focuses light on a specific work space and adds character to your room. There are many pendant lamps that fit all kinds of styles, colors and budgets. Once you have the accessory hanging you want, it is easy to connect by following these simple steps. Turn off the power of your kitchen in the switch on the electrical panel of your home. Many panels are located in the basement. Circuit breakers inside the panel that are normally labeled. Look for the switch labeled “kitchen”. There may be two switches connected to the electrical system in your kitchen; in that case, turn off both.
While many pendant lamps are available preassembled, there are some that require assembly. If you have an accessory that needs to be worked out, make sure you get all the information before you start. Read the assembly instructions provided by the manufacturer of the ceiling lamp. Follow the instructions, assemble all parts, including mounting bracket, collar, balloon, chain or cable, and wiring. The wiring for the lamp must be run through the cord that is connected to the collar. The collar hides the electrical mechanisms that allow the accessory to operate.
Fix the mounting bracket for your new light pendant to the electrical box. Use the screws supplied by the manufacturer. Below you will find the white, black and copper cables inside the electrical box. Connect the copper wire around the green screw of your new appliance and tighten the screw in place. Connect the black wires from the electrical box and light installation using an orange connecting nut. Take the ends of the two wires so that the top parts are together and screw the connecting nut over them. Do the same with white wires. Place all wires inside the box and then secure the pendant necklace from the light onto the box and lock it in place. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13701 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 418
} |
There seems to be no end to the things to do in Tucson. This time we chose to see Sabino Canyon. This is a desert canyon with some beautiful views and loads of hiking trails.
Bernie’s America the Beautiful pass let us in without having to pay the parking fee. The first thing we see there is the lovely visitor center and the gift shop.
Maybe we should have waited another day, our legs are still wobbly from our trek up Tumamoc Hill on Monday. There is a 4-mile narrated tram ride that goes up the canyon every 30 minutes. You can walk up the road for free if you want, but we bought the tickets for the tram and hopped aboard.
Our driver told us some about the history of the park and pointed out some interesting things to see. The Civilian Conservation Corps built the roads and the bridges and the rest areas here in the 1930’s. The tram ride crosses nine of the stone bridges built by the CCC.
One of the first things our driver pointed out was the old man in the mountain…a rock outcrop that looks like a face. I see it, do you?
This is one of the rare places where you can actually see water flowing! About 15 miles from here is Mount Lemon, a mountain high enough to get snow and provide the area with a recreational ski area. That is the source of the water.
There are 9 tram stops along the way, some with bathrooms, picnic areas, and short trails. You can get off the tram and get on the next one if you want, you just have to show your ticket to the driver.
The next picture is kind of dark, but it’s the tram driving down the road on the side of the hill.
One of the stops had some pretty granite rocks and water falling.
When we returned to the visitor center we decided we could walk one of the shorter trails. This saguaro cactus has an odd growth pattern. These are called crested or cristate saguaros and are rare. The cause is unknown. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13703 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 431
} |
Neal Edward Smith (born March 23, 1920) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Iowa from 1959 until 1995 — the longest-serving Iowan in the United States House of Representatives. He was born in his grandparents' home near Hedrick, Keokuk County, Iowa. He served in the United States Army Air Forces during the Second World War as a bomber pilot. His plane was shot down and he received a Purple Heart, nine Battle stars, and the Air Medal with four oak leaf clusters. He received his undergraduate training at the University of Missouri and Syracuse University and received a law degree from Drake University in 1950. He was elected to the House of Representatives in the Democratic landslide of 1958 and served in Congress from 1959 to 1995. He was defeated in the Republican landslide of 1994 by Greg Ganske.
Neal Smith married Beatrice Haven and had two kids, Doug and Sharon.
The Neal Smith Wildlife Refuge in Prairie City, Iowa is named after the former congressman. The Neal and Bea Smith Law Center at Drake University is named after the former congressman and his wife.
In 1996 Smith published his autobiography, Mr. Smith Went to Washington: From Eisenhower to Clinton. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13708 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 242
} |
For those struggling to remember what they read back in high school, here's the plot of Nathaniel Hawthorne's novel The Scarlet Letter, per Wikipedia: "Set in 17th-century Puritan Massachusetts Bay Colony, during the years 1642 to 1649, it tells the story of Hester Prynne, who conceives a daughter through an affair and struggles to create a new life of repentance and dignity."
Not explicit in the above summary is that Hester is made to wear a red letter A, which presumably represents the word adulterer, on her own "outward garment," identifying herself as a sinner to anyone she meets, prolonging her public shame. The father of her child, whose identity she refuses to expose, suffers overwhelming guilt as Hester pays for the sin they both committed. That much having been said, I'm an English professor so I choose to stop here; if you want to know how the story turns out, you'll have to read Hawthorne's master work for yourself. I don't advise taking the easy way around and watching the 1995 movie, as that version takes liberties, adding story elements not present in the novel. (From what I've heard, the book is a better time anyway).
But back now to my ancestor, Robert Coles. A couple of thoughts about his situation and sentencing occur.
First, it's a safe assumption that the D stands for drunkard, so I'm sure he was not happy about having to wear this for a full year "and not to leave it off at any tyme" lest he pay up for going around without it, although who knows--perhaps he felt lucky to escape the stocks (see right). The Puritans were a serious bunch, with their witch trials, hangings as public entertainment, and banishments to the wilderness for crimes such as smiling in church (a story I'll save for my next post). Having to wear a scarlet letter may have been preferable.
Finally, I wonder what life is like after one stops wearing a scarlet letter. Did the Puritans have a "he did his time, paid his debt to society" attitude and forget easily, or did that letter remain, invisible yet fixed, after it was physically removed from the outer garment? If anyone knows, I'd be happy to hear about it in the comments below. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13709 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 478
} |
Manufacturing has been around since the industrial revolution in the 1800s. Robotic manufacturing has developed over a much more recent timeline, starting in the 1960s. While assembly lines and conveyors used to be manned by hundreds of human workers, they are now manned by robots that can do the job of many quicker and more accurately than ever before.
In the 1970s and early 1980s, robotic manufacturing began to explode onto the industrial scene. As companies saw the benefits of automation, they began re-imagining ways to integrate robots into their manufacturing lines. Robots began welding and assembling cars and other vehicles, they started packing and palletizing food, beverages and consumer goods, and they were painting and coating products for manufacturers more evenly than ever before.
Manufacturers learned something then that manufacturers still learn today when they automate – as long as you translate production for a robot, your line will move faster, your applications will be completed without the worker errors of the past, and you will end up with a better quality product that will help boost the reputation of your company with your consumers.
All in all, robotic manufacturing is a win-win for the manufacturers, because companies get to save time and money on production, while still getting a great product. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13713 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 252
} |
Although it is true that the Catholic Church in Rome allied itself first to Italian fascism under Mussolini, and then German Nazism under Hitler, it is also true that there were individual Catholic priests (and groups of Catholic priests) in Europe who did protest the Pope’s collusion with the holocaust. This observation does not, in any way, absolve the Catholic Church from the crimes it committed in the name of fascism, or seek to placate the support it gave General Franco during the Spanish Civil War. In 1933, Hitler and the Catholic Church in Germany signed a ‘Concordant’ whereby the Catholic Church promised to abstain from all political activities in return for a guaranteed ‘freedom of worship’ from the Nazi German State. In reality, however, Pope Pious XI had already aligned with Catholic Church with Italian fascism over a decade before, and his acquiescence to Hitler’s demands was simply more of the same rightwing policy. This flirting with fascism has often been explained away during the Cold War era as the Catholic Church preferring far-right politics that tolerated religion, as opposed to what it saw as the threat of ‘atheist Communism’, which was a misrepresentation of Soviet Socialism. In the USSR every Citizen had a right hold (or not hold) a religious viewpoint, and to freely assemble for worship (or not) as the case may be. No religion, however, was allowed to interfere in State politics, or influence or usurp the reliance of the Soviet State upon science. Indeed, the Catholic Church would have been better off under the Soviet System with regards freedom of worship, as Hitler violated the ‘Concordant’ numerous times, often sending protesting priests to the Death Camps. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13716 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 357
} |
SARPN acknowledges OECD website as the source of this information.
The latest OECD statistics show how much aid donor country governments are giving, and to whom. How much goes to the poorest countries? How much goes to multilateral organisations like the United Nations? Which sectors get the most aid: economic infrastructure or social programmes? These statistics show that in 2006, OECD DAC members - the world's largest donors - disbursed USD 104.4 billion.
The statistical annex of the Development Co-operation Report brings together the latest data on member countries' aid budgets, providing detailed tables, graphs and charts on how much Official Development Assistance (ODA) each country is providing, which countries and regions of the world are receiving aid, and whether they receive it in the form of grants or loans, through budget support, project aid or in other ways. The data provide valuable information on which sectors receive assistance (social, economic, emergency, agriculture and industry), how much ODA is provided as debt relief and emergency aid, and what multilaterals like the United Nations and the World Bank receive from OECD member countries.
The statistical annex is a widely used reference for benchmarking the amount and the activities of OECD member countries' ODA, and is available on-line for the third year running. The on-line version of the Report includes an easy-to-follow analysis of the annex, with graphs, charts and bullet points.
More detailed information on the source and destination of aid and resource flows is contained in the statistical report Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows to Aid Recipients 2002-2006 and the CD-ROM International Development Statistics. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13718 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 333
} |
However, when retesting samples from the 2008 Olympics it was discovered one of Bolt's teammates had violated anti-doping rules. As a consequence Bolt lost his 2008 gold medal for the 4x100 relay. Usain Bolt won his eight gold medals in three different track and field events: the men's 100 meter, men's 200 meter, and men's 4-by-100 meter relay.
How many Olympics medals has Jamaican Usain Bolt won?
Between 16 August 2008 and 19 August 2016, Usain Bolt won 20 Olympic and world championship gold medals in the 21 events he entered, a staggering tally that makes him the greatest sprinter of all time. After winning his third consecutive Olympic 100m title in Rio, the Jamaican great was moved to comment: “Somebody said I can become immortal.
How many total Olympic medals has Usain Bolt won?
This performance made Bolt the first man in the history of the 200 metres at the World Championships in Athletics to win three gold medals over the distance. Bolt won a third consecutive world relay gold medal in the 4 × 100 metres relay final, which made him the most successful athlete in the 30-year history of the world championships.
Where did and how many medals did usain bolt won?
On 31 May 2008 at the Reebok Grand Prix in New York, Bolt broke the 100 metre world record by recording 9.72, setting him up as a favorite for the sprint event at the 2008 Olympics. Together with [Michael Phelps], Usain Bolt was the star of the Beijing Games, in which he won three gold medals.
How Many Gold Medals Has Usain Bolt Won? | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13723 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 337
} |
When applied to people, the label “opportunist” usually has negative connotations. It implies that the people so labeled take unprincipled, unfair advantage of opportunities for selfish ends. Opportunistic people are often also regarded as exploitative. The term is often used to label unscrupulous politicians who seek to manipulate voters in their favor by exploiting certain issues or opportunities in an unethical way.Sports commentators who call the skillful interceptor of a pass in football an “opportunist” are misusing the word.If you want to praise people for taking legitimate and skilled advantage of opportunities that spring up, it is better to call them “enterprising” or “quick-witted.” The specialized meaning of “opportunistic” in biology does not cause problems because the people who use the word in this sense know what it describes: the ability of a species to exploit a previously unexploited ecological niche.
The gloves are coming off in what is likely to become a three-way race for the GOP nomination in Iowa’s 1 st District. “He’s an opportunist,” Blum said, claiming Paulsen would not be thinking about running if it wasn’t an open-seat race.
TALLAHASSEE — Gov. Rick Scott's path to re-election likely revolves around casting his potential Democratic opponent Charlie Crist as a political opportunist devoid of principles, a new poll on the 2014 race suggests. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13730 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 308
} |
A cavitation probe is used to breakdown and liquefy that fat until it drains through your lymphatic drainage. (A system in the body that is made up of organs and tissues that help get rid of toxins and other unwanted waste in the body) Once fat is eliminated skin will become loose.
Cellulite Reduction: Fat is reduced using radio frequency or cavitation probe. This also helps to smooth out the skin; and then the vacuum therapy procedure is used to pop out the dents or cellulite holes on the body. The skin will begin to have an even look and a smooth look.
Laser Lipo places pads equipped with laser diodes directly onto the skin. The laser energy penetrates down to the fat cells and creates tiny holes in their membranes. This causes the fat cells to release their stored fatty acids, glycerol, and water into the body and then shrink, potentially resulting in lost inches. The body then flushes out the expelled fat-cell contents via the lymphatic system or burns them for energy. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13733 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 214
} |
There are several methods that you can use to convert 312 cm to inches. One of the easiest approach is dividing the centimeter measurements by 2.54. This is the quickest and simplest methods for solving conversion problems. Converting large numbers, many numbers or calculating areas in different units can be a bit challenging. For this reason we have included a table of values with their converted values as well as a calculator that you can easily use to convert your numbers. The calculator will also help you to convert your values to other units e.g meters or any other length unit(s) e.g. meters, kilometers, miles, etc.
How to convert centimeters to inches – What is 313 cm in “?
How to convert centimeters to inches – What is 1135 cm in “?
Celsius (℃) to Kelvin (K) Conversion – What is negative (-)38 Celsius (℃) in Kelvin (K)?
Cups to Quarts unit conversion – how many Quarts are in 1932 Cups?
Inches to Hands conversion – How many Hands are in 2955 Inches?
Converting millimeters to inches – what is 2443 mm in Inches? | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13737 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 245
} |
These note cards are printed from original pen and ink and watercolor images that portray groupings of wildflowers by plant communities. Interpretation on the back identifies the wildflowers shown and gives basic information about the four plant communities represented. Each 8 card set contains two each of alpine, forest and mountainside, dry land and wetland. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13738 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 70
} |
There are a few key differences when it comes to flu vs. cold. Here, doctors compare flu symptoms with cold symptoms, and tell you when you need to go to the doctor for flu treatment.
When you feel miserable, all you care about is getting better. But in order to stop your sniffles, you need to know what's making you want to use your comforter to turn yourself into a burrito. And during cold and flu season, it can be tricky to know for sure if you have influenza or a cold since so many of their symptoms overlap.
Learn the symptoms of both cold and flu, as well as how to distinguish which one you're dealing with so you can seek the treatment that will actually make you feel better.
Part of the reason it can be tricky to know whether you have the flu or a cold is simply because there are only a few minor differences in their symptoms. A runny, stuffy nose, sore throat, cough, sneezing, and body aches are common with both; with the flu, you can expect to also develop a fever, weakness, fatigue, chills, and a headache.
So do I have the flu or a cold?
The biggest differences between the symptoms of influenza and a cold are their severity and how quickly they develop.
Flu symptoms also occur abruptly. “One day you are feeling OK, and the next, all your symptoms arise,” says Michael P. Angarone, DO, professor of infectious diseases at Northwestern Memorial Hospital.
Compared to the flu, a cold is milder and symptoms gradually set in. “If you don't feel horrible, you probably don't have flu,” Dr. Ladapo says.
If you aren't sure which you have and how to treat it, talk to your healthcare provider over the phone or make an appointment to see them in person, Dr. Angarone recommends. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13740 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 395
} |
Emory physicians, scientists, and educators have played a key role in HIV/AIDS from the earliest days of the epidemic. From inventing some of the most successful HIV/AIDS drugs, to developing and testing promising vaccines, to conducting numerous clinical trials of drugs and vaccines, to leading behavioral and prevention research, to treating and counseling thousands of patients, Emory has been a local, national, and international leader.
In 2017, Action Cycling Atlanta hosted its 15th annual AIDS Vaccine 200 to benefit AIDS vaccine research at the Emory Vaccine Center. More than 200 cyclists participated including Joshua Saunders who, only six months prior, underwent quadruple bypass surgery at Emory Saint Joseph's Hospital.
Dr. Bijal Shah of Emory University School of Medicine describes her entry into medicine and her work at Grady Memorial Hospital, where she pushes for routine HIV testing. "In 2006, the CDC actually recommended that all patients in acute care settings ages 13 to 64 be tested for HIV, regardless of their chief complaint or risk profile," she says. "I had the opportunity to make routine HIV testing part of what we do every day at Grady."
A video where one of the Principal Investigators of the Emory-CDC HIV/AIDS Clinical Trials Unit, Dr. Jeffrey Lennox, is explaining the process by which a class of medication called histone deacetylase inhibitors can potentially help lead to a cure for HIV and how studies conducted worldwide, including at Emory University, are investigating the use of this medication for such purpose.
HIV/AIDS has a disproportionate impact on the African American community. In this video Emory's Drenna Waldrop-Valverde, PhD, describes the situation in the United States as well as a new grant that will further research into the field. Waldrop-Valverde is an Associate Professor in the Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing as well as an investigate with Emory's Center for AIDS Research (CFAR). | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13741 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 403
} |
In the following exercise we are going to investigate the effect of defects in bulk silicon (mainly on the energy).
Create a second input file silicon64.inp based on the above with 64 atoms in the cell (do not use MULTIPLE_UNIT_CELL but actually replicate the Si … entries by hand and make sure you don't forget to update the CELL).
Run the calculation for both geometries and compare the single atom energy for both of them to make sure you got it right.
For both geometries create a vacancy by removing one Silicon atom, re-calculate the total energy and compare it to the total energy of the intact bulk Silicon minus the single atom energy (= vacancy formation energy). What do you observe? Why?
You may have to employ some of the techniques mentioned in Projected density of states and Band structure for WO$_3$ to make the calculations converge.
Alter the input files for the small geometry (the silicon8) with and without the vacancy to print out the projected density of states as shown in a previous exercise and plot the total density of states for both cases, comment. Can you explain why the vacancy calculation is harder to converge ?
Now do a geometry optimization on the silicon8 structure with the vacancy and plot the total density of states on that relaxed structure again. Compare again to the total density of states for the unaltered structure, what do you see?
Your last task is to compare the total energy of the geometry optimized (with the vacancy) silicon8 structure to that of the standard one minus the energy of a single atom. That is, compute the vacancy formation energy with the relaxed structure and compare it to the one obtained previously. Which of those is the best representation of reality and why ? | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13744 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 367
} |
To weld two or more still lifes or oscillators is to join them together. This is often done in order to fit the objects into a smaller space than would otherwise be possible. A simple example is the integral sign, which can be considered as a pair of welded eater 1s. Beehive could be seen as two welded tubs, the loaf a weld of two beehives, and mango a two loaf weld. A more complex example is the catalyst in the syringe which is a weld of an eater 2 and an eater 5.
A weld comprising overlapping unmodified objects is called a siamese object. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13745 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 128
} |
Although Moles are not significant disease carries, they can cause unsightly damage to parks and green areas such as cricket grounds, gardens, football pitches and other public areas. Although there is no way to stop moles from entering your garden, we can help deal with the issue.
Moles do significant damage to lawns, golf courses, cricket pitches, formal gardens and parks and sports grounds as they dig their tunnels and leave behind molehills. A mole problem can quickly establish itself and moles have litters of up to eight pups and as they mature, each one of these will want to establish its own network of tunnels. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13751 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 130
} |
Sioux City's newest park just had it's grand opening! We checked out Prairie Park, just off Lewis Boulevard, and were pleasantly surprised. Prairie Park makes use of some previously untended land near the water treatment plant and now provides a butterfly habitat and fishing pond, along with about a mile of walking trails and a shelter with several picnic tables.
The pond has a wide trail around it, which is perfect for walking with kids. We saw a pair of geese which was very exciting to my 1 and 5 year olds, and the water was beautiful and peaceful. You could hear a little bit of highway noise when you were on the part of the trail closest to the road, but overall the plants provided a nice screen from the sound, and I would guess they will do so even more as the park grows and matures in future years. There were several people fishing while we were there, and the DNR stocks the pond so it is sure to reliably have fish.
The prairie grass and butterfly habitat weren't very impressive visually in fall, but I'm so excited for spring. We had to really watch our step because there were so many caterpillars on the path we were afraid we might accidentally step on one! Most were woollybear (Isabella tiger moth), but there was at least one other type that looked like swallowtail butterfly caterpillars to me We also saw some grasshoppers, which was exciting to my kids and another good sign that they have created nice habitat for insects. Another fun feature of the park was signs placed around the trail with information on some of the critters you can find. We thought that was really helpful and my kids liked seeing the animal pictures.
Overall I thought Prairie Park was a short easy walk that would be ideal for families with small children and/or dogs, the shelter is a great place to stop for a picnic lunch, and I look forward to seeing the butterfly garden in the springtime! | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13752 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 397
} |
Anomites punctatus was named by Martin (1809).
It was recombined as Productus punctatus by Tschernyschew (1902) and Keidel (1906); it was recombined as Pustula punctatus by Morningstar (1922); it was recombined as Echinoconchus punctatus by Fantini Sestini (1965) and Jin et al. (1985). | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13754 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 87
} |
Summer is a great time for construction work, but a brutal time for outdoor workers. Excessive heat and sun exposure pose significant dangers, such as sunburn, dehydration, heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. Every year, construction and other outdoor workers become ill on the job and some even lose their lives due to heat exposure.
To protect its workers from the extreme summer heat, Western Specialty Contractors manages a heat illness training program and a safety hotline for its employees. As part of the program, training is provided to all employees and supervisors who work in high temperatures. Training topics include how heat can affect the body, how to identify the signs and symptoms of various heat-related illnesses, and what to do if a co-worker is experiencing symptoms of a heat-related illness. Western also regulates the hotter environment by providing water and shade to workers and by having supervisors and safety managers monitor the heat index so that the proper protective measures can be taken.
Select your lunch carefully. Junk food is high in fat and preservatives and will put a high caloric load on the digestive system. Try eating a bigger breakfast, so you’re not as hungry at lunch. Eat light lunches that include fruits, vegetables, and salads.
Water-Rest-Shade: Safe Summer Working PracticesU.S. Labor Department launches its annual summer campaign to prevent heat-related illnesses and fatalities. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13759 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 285
} |
Public art is an integral and valued part of the city’s character.
There is a rich heritage of commemorative sculpture and monuments in addition to the growing collection of contemporary works of art spread through the city streets, within buildings and the parklands.
Produced by the South Australian Government through Arts SA in partnership with the Adelaide City Council.
It provides a practical walking map that highlights significant historical and contemporary artworks in the central business district of Adelaide.
The map does not show a route, but sites of interest you can walk between. | gair-prox/c4-pro/00000/13766 | {
"dataset": "gair-prox/c4-pro",
"token_count": 112
} |
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