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[ "In", "this", "paper", ",", "we", "present", "a", "preliminary", "version", "of", "COOPML", ",", "a", "language", "designed", "for", "annotating", "cooperative", "discourse", ".", "We", "investigate", "the", "different", "linguistic", "marks", "that", "identify", "and", "characterize", "the", "different", "forms", "of", "cooperativity", "found", "in", "written", "texts", "from", "FAQs", ",", "Forums", "and", "emails", "." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 2, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "A", "critical", "path", "in", "the", "development", "of", "natural", "language", "understanding", "-LRB-", "NLU", "-RRB-", "modules", "lies", "in", "the", "difficulty", "of", "defining", "a", "mapping", "from", "words", "to", "semantics", ":", "Usually", "it", "takes", "in", "the", "order", "of", "years", "of", "highly-skilled", "labor", "to", "develop", "a", "semantic", "mapping", ",", "e.g.", ",", "in", "the", "form", "of", "a", "semantic", "grammar", ",", "that", "is", "comprehensive", "enough", "for", "a", "given", "domain", ".", "Yet", ",", "due", "to", "the", "very", "nature", "of", "human", "language", ",", "such", "mappings", "invariably", "fail", "to", "achieve", "full", "coverage", "on", "unseen", "data", ".", "Acknowledging", "the", "impossibility", "of", "stating", "a", "priori", "all", "the", "surface", "forms", "by", "which", "a", "concept", "can", "be", "expressed", ",", "we", "present", "GsG", ":", "an", "empathic", "computer", "system", "for", "the", "rapid", "deployment", "of", "NLU", "front-ends", "and", "their", "dynamic", "customization", "by", "non-expert", "end-users", ".", "Given", "a", "new", "domain", "for", "which", "an", "NLU", "front-end", "is", "to", "be", "developed", ",", "two", "stages", "are", "involved", ".", "In", "the", "authoring", "stage", ",", "GSQ", "aids", "the", "developer", "in", "the", "construction", "of", "a", "simple", "domain", "model", "and", "a", "kernel", "analysis", "grammar", ".", "Then", ",", "in", "the", "run-time", "stage", ",", "GSG", "provides", "the", "enduser", "with", "an", "interactive", "environment", "in", "which", "the", "kernel", "grammar", "is", "dynamically", "extended", ".", "Three", "learning", "methods", "are", "employed", "in", "the", "acquisition", "of", "semantic", "mappings", "from", "unseen", "data", ":", "-LRB-", "i", "-RRB-", "parser", "predictions", ",", "-LRB-", "ii", "-RRB-", "hidden", "understanding", "model", ",", "and", "-LRB-", "iii", "-RRB-", "end-user", "paraphrases", ".", "A", "baseline", "version", "of", "GsG", "has", "been", "implemented", "and", "prellminary", "experiments", "show", "promising", "results", "." ]
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[ "A", "statistical", "classification", "algorithm", "and", "its", "application", "to", "language", "identification", "from", "noisy", "input", "are", "described", ".", "The", "main", "innovation", "is", "to", "compute", "confidence", "limits", "on", "the", "classification", ",", "so", "that", "the", "algorithm", "terminates", "when", "enough", "evidence", "to", "make", "a", "clear", "decision", "has", "been", "made", ",", "and", "so", "avoiding", "problems", "with", "categories", "that", "have", "similar", "characteristics", ".", "A", "second", "application", ",", "to", "genre", "identification", ",", "is", "briefly", "examined", ".", "The", "results", "show", "that", "some", "of", "the", "problems", "of", "other", "language", "identification", "techniques", "can", "be", "avoided", ",", "and", "illustrate", "a", "more", "important", "point", ":", "that", "a", "statistical", "language", "process", "can", "be", "used", "to", "provide", "feedback", "about", "its", "own", "success", "rate", "." ]
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[ "The", "emergence", "of", "the", "digital", "book", "is", "a", "major", "step", "forward", "in", "providing", "access", "to", "reading,", "and", "therefore", "often", "to", "the", "common", "culture", "and", "the", "labour", "market.", "By", "allowing", "the", "enrichment", "of", "texts", "with", "cognitive", "crutches,", "EPub", "3", "compatible", "accessibility", "formats", "such", "as", "FROG", "have", "proven", "their", "effectiveness", "in", "alleviating", "but", "also", "reducing", "dyslexic", "disorders.", "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "show", "how", "Artificial", "Intelligence", "and", "particularly", "Transfer", "Learning", "with", "Google", "BERT", "can", "automate", "the", "division", "into", "units", "of", "meaning,", "and", "thus", "facilitate", "the", "creation", "of", "enriched", "digital", "books", "at", "a", "moderate", "cost." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "One", "of", "the", "major", "issues", "dealing", "with", "any", "workflow", "management", "frameworks", "is", "the", "components", "interoperability.", "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "are", "concerned", "with", "the", "Apache", "UIMA", "framework.", "We", "address", "the", "problem", "by", "considering", "separately", "the", "development", "of", "new", "components", "and", "the", "integration", "of", "existing", "tools.", "For", "the", "former", "objective,", "we", "propose", "an", "API", "to", "generically", "handle", "TS", "objects", "by", "their", "name", "using", "reflexivity", "in", "order", "to", "make", "the", "components", "TS", "#NAME?", "In", "the", "latter", "case,", "we", "distinguish", "the", "case", "of", "aggregating", "heterogeneous", "TS", "#NAME?", "UIMA", "components", "from", "the", "case", "of", "integrating", "non", "UIMA-native", "third", "party", "tools.", "We", "propose", "a", "mapper", "component", "to", "aggregate", "TS", "#NAME?", "UIMA", "components.", "And", "we", "propose", "a", "component", "to", "wrap", "command", "lines", "third", "party", "tools", "and", "a", "set", "of", "components", "to", "connect", "various", "markup", "languages", "with", "the", "UIMA", "data", "structure.", "Finally,", "we", "present", "two", "situations", "where", "these", "solutions", "were", "effectively", "used:", "Training", "a", "POS", "tagger", "system", "from", "a", "treebank,", "and", "embedding", "an", "external", "POS", "tagger", "in", "a", "workflow.", "Our", "approch", "aims", "at", "providing", "quick", "development", "solutions." ]
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[ "This", "paper", "presents", "an", "efficient", "approach", "for", "subsequence", "search", "in", "data", "streams.", "The", "problem", "consists", "in", "identifying", "coherent", "repetitions", "of", "a", "given", "reference", "time-series,", "eventually", "multi-variate,", "within", "a", "longer", "data", "stream.", "Dynamic", "Time", "Warping", "(DTW", ")", "is", "the", "metric", "most", "widely", "used", "to", "implement", "pattern", "query,", "but", "its", "computational", "complexity", "is", "a", "well-known", "issue.", "In", "this", "paper", "we", "present", "an", "approach", "aimed", "at", "learning", "a", "kernel", "able", "to", "approximate", "DTW", "to", "be", "used", "for", "efficiently", "analyse", "streaming", "data", "collected", "from", "wearable", "sensors,", "reducing", "the", "burden", "of", "computation.", "Contrary", "to", "kernel,", "DTW", "allows", "for", "comparing", "time", "series", "with", "different", "length.", "Thus,", "to", "use", "a", "kernel,", "a", "feature", "embedding", "is", "used", "to", "represent", "a", "time-series", "as", "a", "fixed", "length", "vector.", "Each", "vector", "component", "is", "the", "DTW", "between", "the", "given", "time-series", "and", "a", "set", "of", "'basis'", "series,", "usually", "randomly", "chosen.", "The", "vector", "size", "is", "the", "number", "of", "basis", "series", "used", "for", "the", "feature", "embedding.", "Searching", "for", "the", "portion", "of", "the", "data", "stream", "minimizing", "the", "DTW", "with", "the", "reference", "subsequence", "leads", "to", "a", "global", "optimization", "problem.", "The", "proposed", "approach", "has", "been", "validated", "on", "a", "benchmark", "dataset", "related", "to", "the", "identification", "of", "users", "depending", "on", "their", "walking", "activity.", "A", "comparison", "with", "a", "traditional", "DTW", "implementation", "is", "also", "provided." ]
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[ "For", "sentence-level", "extractive", "summarization,", "there", "is", "a", "disproportionate", "ratio", "of", "selected", "and", "unselected", "sentences,", "leading", "to", "flatting", "the", "summary", "features", "when", "maximizing", "the", "accuracy.", "The", "imbalanced", "classification", "of", "summarization", "is", "inherent,", "which", "can{'}t", "be", "addressed", "by", "common", "algorithms", "easily.", "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "conceptualize", "the", "single-document", "extractive", "summarization", "as", "a", "rebalance", "problem", "and", "present", "a", "deep", "differential", "amplifier", "framework.", "Specifically,", "we", "first", "calculate", "and", "amplify", "the", "semantic", "difference", "between", "each", "sentence", "and", "all", "other", "sentences,", "and", "then", "apply", "the", "residual", "unit", "as", "the", "second", "item", "of", "the", "differential", "amplifier", "to", "deepen", "the", "architecture.", "Finally,", "to", "compensate", "for", "the", "imbalance,", "the", "corresponding", "objective", "loss", "of", "minority", "class", "is", "boosted", "by", "a", "weighted", "cross-entropy.", "In", "contrast", "to", "previous", "approaches,", "this", "model", "pays", "more", "attention", "to", "the", "pivotal", "information", "of", "one", "sentence,", "instead", "of", "all", "the", "informative", "context", "modeling", "by", "recurrent", "or", "Transformer", "architecture.", "We", "demonstrate", "experimentally", "on", "two", "benchmark", "datasets", "that", "our", "summarizer", "performs", "competitively", "against", "state-of-the-art", "methods.", "Our", "source", "code", "will", "be", "available", "on", "Github." ]
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[ "We", "present", "Decentralized", "Distributed", "Proximal", "Policy", "Optimization", "(DD-PPO", "),", "a", "method", "for", "distributed", "reinforcement", "learning", "in", "resource-intensive", "simulated", "environments.", "DD-PPO", "is", "distributed", "(uses", "multiple", "machines),", "decentralized", "(lacks", "a", "centralized", "server),", "and", "synchronous", "(no", "computation", "is", "ever", "stale),", "making", "it", "conceptually", "simple", "and", "easy", "to", "implement.", "In", "our", "experiments", "on", "training", "virtual", "robots", "to", "navigate", "in", "Habitat-Sim,", "DD-PPO", "exhibits", "near-linear", "scaling", "--", "achieving", "a", "speedup", "of", "107x", "on", "128", "GPUs", "over", "a", "serial", "implementation.", "We", "leverage", "this", "scaling", "to", "train", "an", "agent", "for", "2.5", "Billion", "steps", "of", "experience", "(the", "equivalent", "of", "80", "years", "of", "human", "experience)", "--", "over", "6", "months", "of", "GPU-time", "training", "in", "under", "3", "days", "of", "wall-clock", "time", "with", "64", "GPUs.", "This", "massive-scale", "training", "not", "only", "sets", "the", "state", "of", "art", "on", "Habitat", "Autonomous", "Navigation", "Challenge", "2019,", "but", "essentially", "solves", "the", "task", "#NAME?", "autonomous", "navigation", "in", "an", "unseen", "environment", "without", "access", "to", "a", "map,", "directly", "from", "an", "RGB-D", "camera", "and", "a", "GPS+Compass", "sensor.", "Fortuitously,", "error", "vs", "computation", "exhibits", "a", "power-law-like", "distribution;", "thus,", "90%", "of", "peak", "performance", "is", "obtained", "relatively", "early", "(at", "100", "million", "steps)", "and", "relatively", "cheaply", "(under", "1", "day", "with", "8", "GPUs).", "Finally,", "we", "show", "that", "the", "scene", "understanding", "and", "navigation", "policies", "learned", "can", "be", "transferred", "to", "other", "navigation", "tasks", "--", "the", "analog", "of", "ImageNet", "pre-training", "+", "task-specific", "fine-tuning", "for", "embodied", "AI.", "Our", "model", "outperforms", "ImageNet", "pre-trained", "CNNs", "on", "these", "transfer", "tasks", "and", "can", "serve", "as", "a", "universal", "resource", "(all", "models", "and", "code", "are", "publicly", "available)." ]
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[ "This", "paper", "describes", "the", "participation", "of", "DBMS-KU", "team", "in", "the", "SemEval", "2019", "Task", "9,", "that", "is,", "suggestion", "mining", "from", "online", "reviews", "and", "forums.", "To", "deal", "with", "this", "task,", "we", "explore", "several", "machine", "learning", "approaches,", "i.e.,", "Random", "Forest", "(RF),", "Logistic", "Regression", "(LR),", "Multinomial", "Naive", "Bayes", "(MNB),", "Linear", "Support", "Vector", "Classification", "(LSVC),", "Sublinear", "Support", "Vector", "Classification", "(SSVC),", "Convolutional", "Neural", "Network", "(CNN),", "and", "Variable", "Length", "Chromosome", "Genetic", "Algorithm-Naive", "Bayes", "(VLCGA-NB).", "Our", "system", "obtains", "reasonable", "results", "of", "F1-Score", "0.47", "and", "0.37", "on", "the", "evaluation", "data", "in", "Subtask", "A", "and", "Subtask", "B,", "respectively.", "In", "particular,", "our", "obtained", "results", "outperform", "the", "baseline", "in", "Subtask", "A.", "Interestingly,", "the", "results", "seem", "to", "show", "that", "our", "system", "could", "perform", "well", "in", "classifying", "Non-suggestion", "class." ]
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[ "Although", "automatic", "emotion", "recognition", "from", "facial", "expressions", "and", "speech", "has", "made", "remarkable", "progress,", "emotion", "recognition", "from", "body", "gestures", "has", "not", "been", "thoroughly", "explored.", "People", "often", "use", "a", "variety", "of", "body", "language", "to", "express", "emotions,", "and", "it", "is", "difficult", "to", "enumerate", "all", "emotional", "body", "gestures", "and", "collect", "enough", "samples", "for", "each", "category.", "Therefore,", "recognizing", "new", "emotional", "body", "gestures", "is", "critical", "for", "better", "understanding", "human", "emotions.", "However,", "the", "existing", "methods", "fail", "to", "accurately", "determine", "which", "emotional", "state", "a", "new", "body", "gesture", "belongs", "to.", "In", "order", "to", "solve", "this", "problem,", "we", "introduce", "a", "Generalized", "Zero-Shot", "Learning", "(GZSL)", "framework,", "which", "consists", "of", "three", "branches", "to", "infer", "the", "emotional", "state", "of", "the", "new", "body", "gestures", "with", "only", "their", "semantic", "descriptions.", "The", "first", "branch", "is", "a", "Prototype-Based", "Detector", "(PBD)", "which", "is", "used", "to", "determine", "whether", "an", "sample", "belongs", "to", "a", "seen", "body", "gesture", "category", "and", "obtain", "the", "prediction", "results", "of", "the", "samples", "from", "the", "seen", "categories.", "The", "second", "branch", "is", "a", "Stacked", "AutoEncoder", "(StAE)", "with", "manifold", "regularization,", "which", "utilizes", "semantic", "representations", "to", "predict", "samples", "from", "unseen", "categories.", "Note", "that", "both", "of", "the", "above", "branches", "are", "for", "body", "gesture", "recognition.", "We", "further", "add", "an", "emotion", "classifier", "with", "a", "softmax", "layer", "as", "the", "third", "branch", "in", "order", "to", "better", "learn", "the", "feature", "representations", "for", "this", "emotion", "classification", "task.", "The", "input", "features", "for", "these", "three", "branches", "are", "learned", "by", "a", "shared", "feature", "extraction", "network,", "i.e.,", "a", "Bidirectional", "Long", "Short-Term", "Memory", "Networks", "(BLSTM)", "with", "a", "self-attention", "module.", "We", "treat", "these", "three", "branches", "as", "subtasks", "and", "use", "multi-task", "learning", "strategies", "for", "joint", "training.", "The", "performance", "of", "our", "framework", "on", "an", "emotion", "recognition", "dataset", "is", "significantly", "superior", "to", "the", "traditional", "method", "of", "emotion", "classification", "and", "state-of-the-art", "zero-shot", "learning", "methods." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Recent", "studies", "in", "deep", "learning", "have", "shown", "significant", "progress", "in", "named", "entity", "recognition", "(NER", ").", "Most", "existing", "works", "assume", "clean", "data", "annotation,", "yet", "a", "fundamental", "challenge", "in", "real-world", "scenarios", "is", "the", "large", "amount", "of", "noise", "from", "a", "variety", "of", "sources", "(e.g.,", "pseudo,", "weak,", "or", "distant", "annotations).", "This", "work", "studies", "NER", "under", "a", "noisy", "labeled", "setting", "with", "calibrated", "confidence", "estimation.", "Based", "on", "empirical", "observations", "of", "different", "training", "dynamics", "of", "noisy", "and", "clean", "labels,", "we", "propose", "strategies", "for", "estimating", "confidence", "scores", "based", "on", "local", "and", "global", "independence", "assumptions.", "We", "partially", "marginalize", "out", "labels", "of", "low", "confidence", "with", "a", "CRF", "model.", "We", "further", "propose", "a", "calibration", "method", "for", "confidence", "scores", "based", "on", "the", "structure", "of", "entity", "labels.", "We", "integrate", "our", "approach", "into", "a", "self-training", "framework", "for", "boosting", "performance.", "Experiments", "in", "general", "noisy", "settings", "with", "four", "languages", "and", "distantly", "labeled", "settings", "demonstrate", "the", "effectiveness", "of", "our", "method.", "Our", "code", "can", "be", "found", "at", "https://github.com/liukun95/Noisy-NER", "#NAME?" ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6 ]
[ "Question", "Paraphrase", "Identification", "(QPI)", "is", "a", "critical", "task", "for", "large-scale", "Question-Answering", "forums.", "The", "purpose", "of", "QPI", "is", "to", "determine", "whether", "a", "given", "pair", "of", "questions", "are", "semantically", "identical", "or", "not.", "Previous", "approaches", "for", "this", "task", "have", "yielded", "promising", "results,", "but", "have", "often", "relied", "on", "complex", "recurrence", "mechanisms", "that", "are", "expensive", "and", "time-consuming", "in", "nature.", "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "propose", "a", "novel", "architecture", "combining", "a", "Bidirectional", "Transformer", "Encoder", "with", "Convolutional", "Neural", "Networks", "for", "the", "QPI", "task.", "We", "produce", "the", "predictions", "from", "the", "proposed", "architecture", "using", "two", "different", "inference", "setups:", "Siamese", "and", "Matched", "Aggregation.", "Experimental", "results", "demonstrate", "that", "our", "model", "achieves", "state-of-the-art", "performance", "on", "the", "Quora", "Question", "Pairs", "dataset.", "We", "empirically", "prove", "that", "the", "addition", "of", "convolution", "layers", "to", "the", "model", "architecture", "improves", "the", "results", "in", "both", "inference", "setups.", "We", "also", "investigate", "the", "impact", "of", "partial", "and", "complete", "fine-tuning", "and", "analyze", "the", "trade-off", "between", "computational", "power", "and", "accuracy", "in", "the", "process.", "Based", "on", "the", "obtained", "results,", "we", "conclude", "that", "the", "Matched-Aggregation", "setup", "consistently", "outperforms", "the", "Siamese", "setup.", "Our", "work", "provides", "insights", "into", "what", "architecture", "combinations", "and", "setups", "are", "likely", "to", "produce", "better", "results", "for", "the", "QPI", "task." ]
[ 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Hidden", "Markov", "Model", "(HMM)", "combined", "with", "Gaussian", "Process", "(GP)", "emission", "can", "be", "effectively", "used", "to", "estimate", "the", "hidden", "state", "with", "a", "sequence", "of", "complex", "input-output", "relational", "observations.", "Especially", "when", "the", "spectral", "mixture", "(SM)", "kernel", "is", "used", "for", "GP", "emission,", "we", "call", "this", "model", "as", "a", "hybrid", "HMM-GPSM.", "This", "model", "can", "effectively", "model", "the", "sequence", "of", "time-series", "data.", "However,", "because", "of", "a", "large", "number", "of", "parameters", "for", "the", "SM", "kernel,", "this", "model", "can", "not", "effectively", "be", "trained", "with", "a", "large", "volume", "of", "data", "having", "-1", "long", "sequence", "for", "state", "transition", "and", "2)", "a", "large", "number", "of", "time-series", "dataset", "in", "each", "sequence.", "This", "paper", "proposes", "a", "scalable", "learning", "method", "for", "HMM-GPSM.", "To", "effectively", "train", "the", "model", "with", "a", "long", "sequence,", "the", "proposed", "method", "employs", "a", "Stochastic", "Variational", "Inference", "(SVI)", "approach.", "Also,", "to", "effectively", "process", "a", "large", "number", "of", "data", "point", "each", "time-series", "data,", "we", "approximate", "the", "SM", "kernel", "using", "Reparametrized", "Random", "Fourier", "Feature", "(R-RFF).", "The", "combination", "of", "these", "two", "techniques", "significantly", "reduces", "the", "training", "time.", "We", "validate", "the", "proposed", "learning", "method", "in", "terms", "of", "its", "hidden-sate", "estimation", "accuracy", "and", "computation", "time", "using", "large-scale", "synthetic", "and", "real", "data", "sets", "with", "missing", "values." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 2, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "The", "number", "of", "research", "publications", "in", "various", "disciplines", "is", "growing", "exponentially", ".", "Researchers", "and", "scientists", "are", "increasingly", "finding", "themselves", "in", "the", "position", "of", "having", "to", "quickly", "understand", "large", "amounts", "of", "technical", "material", ".", "In", "this", "paper", "we", "present", "the", "first", "steps", "in", "producing", "an", "automatically", "generated", ",", "readily", "consumable", ",", "technical", "survey", ".", "Specifically", "we", "explore", "the", "combination", "of", "citation", "information", "and", "summarization", "techniques", ".", "Even", "though", "prior", "work", "-LRB-", "Teufel", "et", "al.", ",", "2006", "-RRB-", "argues", "that", "citation", "text", "is", "unsuitable", "for", "summarization", ",", "we", "show", "that", "in", "the", "framework", "of", "multi-document", "survey", "creation", ",", "citation", "texts", "can", "play", "a", "crucial", "role", "." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 2, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Background:", "Alzheimers", "disease", "is", "a", "progressive", "neurodegenerative", "disorder", "and", "the", "main", "cause", "of", "dementia", "in", "aging.", "Hippocampus", "is", "prone", "to", "changes", "in", "the", "early", "stages", "of", "Alzheimers", "disease.", "Detection", "and", "observation", "of", "the", "hippocampus", "changes", "using", "magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "(MRI)", "before", "the", "onset", "of", "Alzheimers", "disease", "leads", "to", "the", "faster", "preventive", "and", "therapeutic", "measures.", "Objective:", "The", "aim", "of", "this", "study", "was", "the", "segmentation", "of", "the", "hippocampus", "in", "magnetic", "resonance", "(MR)", "images", "of", "Alzheimers", "patients", "using", "deep", "machine", "learning", "method.", "Methods:", "U-Net", "architecture", "of", "convolutional", "neural", "network", "was", "proposed", "to", "segment", "the", "hippocampus", "in", "the", "real", "MRI", "data.", "The", "MR", "images", "of", "the", "100", "and", "35", "patients", "available", "in", "Alzheimers", "disease", "Neuroimaging", "Initiative", "(ADNI)", "dataset,", "was", "used", "for", "the", "train", "and", "test", "of", "the", "model,", "respectively.", "The", "performance", "of", "the", "proposed", "method", "was", "compared", "with", "manual", "segmentation", "by", "measuring", "the", "similarity", "metrics.", "Results:", "The", "desired", "segmentation", "achieved", "after", "10", "iterations.", "A", "Dice", "similarity", "coefficient", "(DSC)", "=", "92.3%,", "sensitivity", "=", "96.5%,", "positive", "predicted", "value", "(PPV)", "=", "90.4%,", "and", "Intersection", "over", "Union", "(IoU)", "value", "for", "the", "train", "92.94", "and", "test", "92.93", "sets", "were", "obtained", "which", "are", "acceptable.", "Conclusion:", "The", "proposed", "approach", "is", "promising", "and", "can", "be", "extended", "in", "the", "prognosis", "of", "Alzheimers", "disease", "by", "the", "prediction", "of", "the", "hippocampus", "volume", "changes", "in", "the", "early", "stage", "of", "the", "disease." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "It", "has", "been", "demonstrated", "that", "the", "utilization", "of", "a", "monolingual", "corpus", "in", "neural", "Grammatical", "Error", "Correction", "(GEC)", "systems", "can", "significantly", "improve", "the", "system", "performance.", "The", "previous", "state-of-the-art", "neural", "GEC", "system", "is", "an", "ensemble", "of", "four", "Transformer", "models", "pretrained", "on", "a", "large", "amount", "of", "Wikipedia", "Edits.", "The", "Singsound", "GEC", "system", "follows", "a", "similar", "approach", "but", "is", "equipped", "with", "a", "sophisticated", "erroneous", "data", "generating", "component.", "Our", "system", "achieved", "an", "F0:5", "of", "66.61", "in", "the", "BEA", "2019", "Shared", "Task:", "Grammatical", "Error", "Correction", ".", "With", "our", "novel", "erroneous", "data", "generating", "component,", "the", "Singsound", "neural", "GEC", "system", "yielded", "an", "M2", "of", "63.2", "on", "the", "CoNLL-2014", "benchmark", "(8.4{\\%}", "relative", "improvement", "over", "the", "previous", "state-of-the-art", "system)." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Existing", "research", "for", "image", "captioning", "usually", "represents", "an", "image", "using", "a", "scene", "graph", "with", "low-level", "facts", "(objects", "and", "relations)", "and", "fails", "to", "capture", "the", "high-level", "semantics.", "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "propose", "a", "Theme", "Concepts", "extended", "Image", "Captioning", "(TCIC)", "framework", "that", "incorporates", "theme", "concepts", "to", "represent", "high-level", "cross-modality", "semantics.", "In", "practice,", "we", "model", "theme", "concepts", "as", "memory", "vectors", "and", "propose", "Transformer", "with", "Theme", "Nodes", "(TTN)", "to", "incorporate", "those", "vectors", "for", "image", "captioning.", "Considering", "that", "theme", "concepts", "can", "be", "learned", "from", "both", "images", "and", "captions,", "we", "propose", "two", "settings", "for", "their", "representations", "learning", "based", "on", "TTN.", "On", "the", "vision", "side,", "TTN", "is", "configured", "to", "take", "both", "scene", "graph", "based", "features", "and", "theme", "concepts", "as", "input", "for", "visual", "representation", "learning.", "On", "the", "language", "side,", "TTN", "is", "configured", "to", "take", "both", "captions", "and", "theme", "concepts", "as", "input", "for", "text", "representation", "re-construction.", "Both", "settings", "aim", "to", "generate", "target", "captions", "with", "the", "same", "transformer-based", "decoder.", "During", "the", "training,", "we", "further", "align", "representations", "of", "theme", "concepts", "learned", "from", "images", "and", "corresponding", "captions", "to", "enforce", "the", "cross-modality", "learning.", "Experimental", "results", "on", "MS", "COCO", "show", "the", "effectiveness", "of", "our", "approach", "compared", "to", "some", "state-of-the-art", "models." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Which", "generative", "model", "is", "the", "most", "suitable", "for", "Continual", "Learning", "?", "Thispaper", "aims", "at", "evaluating", "and", "comparing", "generative", "models", "on", "disjoint", "sequentialimage", "generation", "tasks.", "We", "investigate", "how", "several", "models", "learn", "and", "forget,considering", "various", "strategies:", "rehearsal,", "regularization,", "generative", "replayand", "fine-tuning.", "We", "used", "two", "quantitative", "metrics", "to", "estimate", "the", "generationquality", "and", "memory", "ability.", "We", "experiment", "with", "sequential", "tasks", "on", "threecommonly", "used", "benchmarks", "for", "Continual", "Learning", "(MNIST,", "Fashion", "MNIST", "andCIFAR10).", "We", "found", "that", "among", "all", "models,", "the", "original", "GAN", "performs", "best", "andamong", "Continual", "Learning", "strategies,", "generative", "replay", "outperforms", "all", "othermethods.", "Even", "if", "we", "found", "satisfactory", "combinations", "on", "MNIST", "and", "Fashion", "MNIST,training", "generative", "models", "sequentially", "on", "CIFAR10", "is", "particularly", "instable,and", "remains", "a", "challenge.", "Our", "code", "is", "available", "online\\footnote{\\url{https://github.com/TLESORT/Generative\\_Continual\\_Learning}}." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "While", "self-learning", "methods", "are", "an", "important", "component", "in", "many", "recent", "domain", "adaptation", "techniques,", "they", "are", "not", "yet", "comprehensively", "evaluated", "on", "ImageNet-scale", "datasets", "common", "in", "robustness", "research.", "In", "extensive", "experiments", "on", "ResNet", "and", "EfficientNet", "models,", "we", "find", "that", "three", "components", "are", "crucial", "for", "increasing", "performance", "with", "self-learning:", "(i)", "using", "short", "update", "times", "between", "the", "teacher", "and", "the", "student", "network,", "(ii)", "fine-tuning", "only", "few", "affine", "parameters", "distributed", "across", "the", "network,", "and", "(iii)", "leveraging", "methods", "from", "robust", "classification", "to", "counteract", "the", "effect", "of", "label", "noise.", "We", "use", "these", "insights", "to", "obtain", "drastically", "improved", "state-of-the-art", "results", "on", "ImageNet-C", "(22.0%", "mCE),", "ImageNet-R", "(17.4%", "error)", "and", "ImageNet-A", "(14.8%", "error).", "Our", "techniques", "yield", "further", "improvements", "in", "combination", "with", "previously", "proposed", "robustification", "methods.", "Self-learning", "is", "able", "to", "reduce", "the", "top-1", "error", "to", "a", "point", "where", "no", "substantial", "further", "progress", "can", "be", "expected.", "We", "therefore", "re-purpose", "the", "dataset", "from", "the", "Visual", "Domain", "Adaptation", "Challenge", "2019", "and", "use", "a", "subset", "of", "it", "as", "a", "new", "robustness", "benchmark", "(ImageNet-D)", "which", "proves", "to", "be", "a", "more", "challenging", "dataset", "for", "all", "current", "state-of-the-art", "models", "(58.2%", "error)", "to", "guide", "future", "research", "efforts", "at", "the", "intersection", "of", "robustness", "and", "domain", "adaptation", "on", "ImageNet", "scale." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Building", "machine", "learning", "prediction", "models", "for", "a", "specific", "NLP", "task", "requires", "sufficient", "training", "data,", "which", "can", "be", "difficult", "to", "obtain", "for", "less-resourced", "languages.", "Cross-lingual", "embeddings", "map", "word", "embeddings", "from", "a", "less-resourced", "language", "to", "a", "resource-rich", "language", "so", "that", "a", "prediction", "model", "trained", "on", "data", "from", "the", "resource-rich", "language", "can", "also", "be", "used", "in", "the", "less-resourced", "language.", "To", "produce", "cross-lingual", "mappings", "of", "recent", "contextual", "embeddings,", "anchor", "points", "between", "the", "embedding", "spaces", "have", "to", "be", "words", "in", "the", "same", "context.", "We", "address", "this", "issue", "with", "a", "novel", "method", "for", "creating", "cross-lingual", "contextual", "alignment", "datasets.", "Based", "on", "that,", "we", "propose", "several", "cross-lingual", "mapping", "methods", "for", "ELMo", "embeddings.", "The", "proposed", "linear", "mapping", "methods", "use", "existing", "Vecmap", "and", "MUSE", "alignments", "on", "contextual", "ELMo", "embeddings.", "Novel", "nonlinear", "ELMo", "GAN", "mapping", "methods", "are", "based", "on", "GANs", "and", "do", "not", "assume", "isomorphic", "embedding", "spaces.", "We", "evaluate", "the", "proposed", "mapping", "methods", "on", "nine", "languages,", "using", "four", "downstream", "tasks:", "named", "entity", "recognition", "(NER", "),", "dependency", "parsing", "(DP),", "terminology", "alignment,", "and", "sentiment", "analysis.", "The", "ELMo", "GAN", "methods", "perform", "very", "well", "on", "the", "NER", "and", "terminology", "alignment", "tasks,", "with", "a", "lower", "cross-lingual", "loss", "for", "NER", "compared", "to", "the", "direct", "training", "on", "some", "languages.", "In", "DP", "and", "sentiment", "analysis,", "linear", "contextual", "alignment", "variants", "are", "more", "successful." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Automatic", "detection", "and", "classification", "of", "pavement", "distresses", "is", "critical", "in", "timely", "maintaining", "and", "rehabilitating", "pavement", "surfaces.", "With", "the", "evolution", "of", "deep", "learning", "and", "high", "performance", "computing,", "the", "feasibility", "of", "vision-based", "pavement", "defect", "assessments", "has", "significantly", "improved.", "In", "this", "study,", "the", "authors", "deploy", "state-of-the-art", "deep", "learning", "algorithms", "based", "on", "different", "network", "backbones", "to", "detect", "and", "characterize", "pavement", "distresses.", "The", "influence", "of", "different", "backbone", "models", "such", "as", "CSPDarknet53,", "Hourglass-104", "and", "EfficientNet", "were", "studied", "to", "evaluate", "their", "classification", "performance.", "The", "models", "were", "trained", "using", "21,041", "images", "captured", "across", "urban", "and", "rural", "streets", "of", "Japan,", "Czech", "Republic", "and", "India.", "Finally,", "the", "models", "were", "assessed", "based", "on", "their", "ability", "to", "predict", "and", "classify", "distresses,", "and", "tested", "using", "F1", "score", "obtained", "from", "the", "statistical", "precision", "and", "recall", "values.", "The", "best", "performing", "model", "achieved", "an", "F1", "score", "of", "0.58", "and", "0.57", "on", "two", "test", "datasets", "released", "by", "the", "IEEE", "Global", "Road", "Damage", "Detection", "Challenge.", "The", "source", "code", "including", "the", "trained", "models", "are", "made", "available", "at", "[1]." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "To", "synthesize", "a", "realistic", "action", "sequence", "based", "on", "a", "single", "human", "image,", "it", "is", "crucial", "to", "model", "both", "motion", "patterns", "and", "diversity", "in", "the", "action", "video.", "This", "paper", "proposes", "an", "Action", "Conditional", "Temporal", "Variational", "AutoEncoder", "(ACT-VAE)", "to", "improve", "motion", "prediction", "accuracy", "and", "capture", "movement", "diversity.", "ACT-VAE", "predicts", "pose", "sequences", "for", "an", "action", "clips", "from", "a", "single", "input", "image.", "It", "is", "implemented", "as", "a", "deep", "generative", "model", "that", "maintains", "temporal", "coherence", "according", "to", "the", "action", "category", "with", "a", "novel", "temporal", "modeling", "on", "latent", "space.", "Further,", "ACT-VAE", "is", "a", "general", "action", "sequence", "prediction", "framework.", "When", "connected", "with", "a", "plug-and-play", "Pose-to-Image", "(P2I)", "network,", "ACT-VAE", "can", "synthesize", "image", "sequences.", "Extensive", "experiments", "bear", "out", "our", "approach", "can", "predict", "accurate", "pose", "and", "synthesize", "realistic", "image", "sequences,", "surpassing", "state-of-the-art", "approaches.", "Compared", "to", "existing", "methods,", "ACT-VAE", "improves", "model", "accuracy", "and", "preserves", "diversity." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "We", "present", "an", "extremely", "simple", "Ultra-Resolution", "Style", "Transfer", "framework,", "termed", "URST,", "to", "flexibly", "process", "arbitrary", "high-resolution", "images", "(e.g.,", "10000x10000", "pixels)", "style", "transfer", "for", "the", "first", "time.", "Most", "of", "the", "existing", "state-of-the-art", "methods", "would", "fall", "short", "due", "to", "massive", "memory", "cost", "and", "small", "stroke", "size", "when", "processing", "ultra-high", "resolution", "images.", "URST", "completely", "avoids", "the", "memory", "problem", "caused", "by", "ultra-high", "resolution", "images", "by", "1)", "dividing", "the", "image", "into", "small", "patches", "and", "2)", "performing", "patch-wise", "style", "transfer", "with", "a", "novel", "Thumbnail", "Instance", "Normalization", "(TIN).", "Specifically,", "TIN", "can", "extract", "thumbnail's", "normalization", "statistics", "and", "apply", "them", "to", "small", "patches,", "ensuring", "the", "style", "consistency", "among", "different", "patches.", "Overall,", "the", "URST", "framework", "has", "three", "merits", "compared", "to", "prior", "arts.", "1)", "We", "divide", "input", "image", "into", "small", "patches", "and", "adopt", "TIN,", "successfully", "transferring", "image", "style", "with", "arbitrary", "high-resolution.", "2)", "Experiments", "show", "that", "our", "URST", "surpasses", "existing", "SOTA", "methods", "on", "ultra-high", "resolution", "images", "benefiting", "from", "the", "effectiveness", "of", "the", "proposed", "stroke", "perceptual", "loss", "in", "enlarging", "the", "stroke", "size.", "3)", "Our", "URST", "can", "be", "easily", "plugged", "into", "most", "existing", "style", "transfer", "methods", "and", "directly", "improve", "their", "performance", "even", "without", "training.", "Code", "is", "available", "at", "https://github.com/czczup/URST." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 2, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "The", "Super-Resolution", "Generative", "Adversarial", "Network", "(SRGAN", ")", "is", "a", "seminal", "workthat", "is", "capable", "of", "generating", "realistic", "textures", "during", "single", "imagesuper-resolution.", "However,", "the", "hallucinated", "details", "are", "often", "accompanied", "withunpleasant", "artifacts.", "To", "further", "enhance", "the", "visual", "quality,", "we", "thoroughlystudy", "three", "key", "components", "of", "SRGAN", "-", "network", "architecture,", "adversarial", "lossand", "perceptual", "loss,", "and", "improve", "each", "of", "them", "to", "derive", "an", "Enhanced", "SRGAN", "(ESRGAN", ").", "In", "particular,", "we", "introduce", "the", "Residual-in-Residual", "Dense", "Block(RRDB)", "without", "batch", "normalization", "as", "the", "basic", "network", "building", "unit.Moreover,", "we", "borrow", "the", "idea", "from", "relativistic", "GAN", "to", "let", "the", "discriminatorpredict", "relative", "realness", "instead", "of", "the", "absolute", "value.", "Finally,", "we", "improvethe", "perceptual", "loss", "by", "using", "the", "features", "before", "activation,", "which", "couldprovide", "stronger", "supervision", "for", "brightness", "consistency", "and", "texture", "recovery.Benefiting", "from", "these", "improvements,", "the", "proposed", "ESRGAN", "achieves", "consistentlybetter", "visual", "quality", "with", "more", "realistic", "and", "natural", "textures", "than", "SRGAN", "andwon", "the", "first", "place", "in", "the", "PIRM2018-SR", "Challenge.", "The", "code", "is", "available", "athttps://github.com/xinntao/ESRGAN", "." ]
[ 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6 ]
[ "We", "hypothesize", "that", "machine-learning", "algorithms", "-LRB-", "MLA", "-RRB-", "can", "classify", "completer", "and", "simulated", "suicide", "notes", "as", "well", "as", "mental", "health", "professionals", "-LRB-", "MHP", "-RRB-", ".", "Five", "MHPs", "classified", "66", "simulated", "or", "completer", "notes", ";", "MLAs", "were", "used", "for", "the", "same", "task", ".", "Results", ":", "MHPs", "were", "accurate", "71", "%", "of", "the", "time", ";", "using", "the", "sequential", "minimization", "optimization", "algorithm", "-LRB-", "SMO", "-RRB-", "MLAs", "were", "accurate", "78", "%", "of", "the", "time", ".", "There", "was", "no", "significant", "difference", "between", "the", "MLA", "and", "MPH", "classifiers", ".", "This", "is", "an", "important", "first", "step", "in", "developing", "an", "evidence", "based", "suicide", "predictor", "for", "emergency", "department", "use", "." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 4, 2, 6, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Negation", "Scope", "Resolution", "is", "an", "extensively", "researched", "problem,", "which", "is", "used", "to", "locate", "the", "words", "affected", "by", "a", "negation", "cue", "in", "a", "sentence.", "Recent", "works", "have", "shown", "that", "simply", "finetuning", "transformer-based", "architectures", "yield", "state-of-the-art", "results", "on", "this", "task.", "In", "this", "work,", "we", "look", "at", "Negation", "Scope", "Resolution", "as", "a", "Cloze-Style", "task,", "with", "the", "sentence", "as", "the", "Context", "and", "the", "cue", "words", "as", "the", "Query.", "We", "also", "introduce", "a", "novel", "Cloze-Style", "Attention", "mechanism", "called", "Orthogonal", "Attention,", "which", "is", "inspired", "by", "Self", "Attention.", "First,", "we", "propose", "a", "framework", "for", "developing", "Orthogonal", "Attention", "variants,", "and", "then", "propose", "4", "Orthogonal", "Attention", "variants:", "OA-C,", "OA-CA,", "OA-EM,", "and", "OA-EMB.", "Using", "these", "Orthogonal", "Attention", "layers", "on", "top", "of", "an", "XLNet", "backbone,", "we", "outperform", "the", "finetuned", "XLNet", "state-of-the-art", "for", "Negation", "Scope", "Resolution", ",", "achieving", "the", "best", "results", "to", "date", "on", "all", "4", "datasets", "we", "experiment", "with:", "BioScope", "Abstracts,", "BioScope", "Full", "Papers,", "SFU", "Review", "Corpus", "and", "the", "*sem", "2012", "Dataset", "(Sherlock)." ]
[ 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "In", "a", "multilingual", "or", "sociolingual", "configuration", "Intra-sentential", "Code", "Switching", "(ICS)", "or", "Code", "Mixing", "(CM)", "is", "frequently", "observed", "nowadays.", "In", "the", "world,", "most", "of", "the", "people", "know", "more", "than", "one", "language.", "CM", "usage", "is", "especially", "apparent", "in", "social", "media", "platforms.", "Moreover,", "ICS", "is", "particularly", "significant", "in", "the", "context", "of", "technology,", "health,", "and", "law", "where", "conveying", "the", "upcoming", "developments", "are", "difficult", "in", "one's", "native", "language.", "In", "applications", "like", "dialog", "systems,", "machine", "translation,", "semantic", "parsing,", "shallow", "parsing,", "etc.", "CM", "and", "Code", "Switching", "pose", "serious", "challenges.", "To", "do", "any", "further", "advancement", "in", "code-mixed", "data,", "the", "necessary", "step", "is", "Language", "Identification", ".", "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "present", "a", "study", "of", "various", "models", "-", "Nave", "Bayes", "Classifier,", "Random", "Forest", "Classifier,", "Conditional", "Random", "Field", "(CRF", "),", "and", "Hidden", "Markov", "Model", "(HMM)", "for", "Language", "Identification", "in", "English", "-", "Telugu", "Code", "Mixed", "Data.", "Considering", "the", "paucity", "of", "resources", "in", "code", "mixed", "languages,", "we", "proposed", "the", "CRF", "model", "and", "HMM", "model", "for", "word", "level", "language", "identification.", "Our", "best", "performing", "system", "is", "CRF", "#NAME?", "with", "an", "f1-score", "of", "0.91." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Nowadays,", "plenty", "of", "deep", "learning", "technologies", "are", "being", "applied", "to", "all", "aspects", "of", "autonomous", "driving", "with", "promising", "results.", "Among", "them,", "object", "detection", "is", "the", "key", "to", "improve", "the", "ability", "of", "an", "autonomous", "agent", "to", "perceive", "its", "environment", "so", "that", "it", "can", "(re)act.", "However,", "previous", "vision-based", "object", "detectors", "cannot", "achieve", "satisfactory", "performance", "under", "real-time", "driving", "scenarios.", "To", "remedy", "this,", "we", "present", "the", "real-time", "steaming", "perception", "system", "in", "this", "paper,", "which", "is", "also", "the", "2nd", "Place", "solution", "of", "Streaming", "Perception", "Challenge", "(Workshop", "on", "Autonomous", "Driving", "at", "CVPR", "2021)", "for", "the", "detection-only", "track.", "Unlike", "traditional", "object", "detection", "challenges,", "which", "focus", "mainly", "on", "the", "absolute", "performance,", "streaming", "perception", "task", "requires", "achieving", "a", "balance", "of", "accuracy", "and", "latency,", "which", "is", "crucial", "for", "real-time", "autonomous", "driving.", "We", "adopt", "YOLOv5", "as", "our", "basic", "framework,", "data", "augmentation,", "Bag-of-Freebies,", "and", "Transformer", "are", "adopted", "to", "improve", "streaming", "object", "detection", "performance", "with", "negligible", "extra", "inference", "cost.", "On", "the", "Argoverse-HD", "test", "set,", "our", "method", "achieves", "33.2", "streaming", "AP", "(34.6", "streaming", "AP", "verified", "by", "the", "organizer)", "under", "the", "required", "hardware.", "Its", "performance", "significantly", "surpasses", "the", "fixed", "baseline", "of", "13.6", "(host", "team),", "demonstrating", "the", "potentiality", "of", "application." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "describe", "our", "participation", "in", "the", "TREC", "Health", "Misinformation", "Track", "2020", "We", "submitted", "$11$", "runs", "to", "the", "Total", "Recall", "Task", "and", "13", "runs", "to", "the", "Ad", "Hoc", "task.", "Our", "approach", "consists", "of", "3", "steps:", "-1", "we", "create", "an", "initial", "run", "with", "BM25", "and", "RM3;", "-2", "we", "estimate", "credibility", "and", "misinformation", "scores", "for", "the", "documents", "in", "the", "initial", "run;", "-3", "we", "merge", "the", "relevance,", "credibility", "and", "misinformation", "scores", "to", "re-rank", "documents", "in", "the", "initial", "run.", "To", "estimate", "credibility", "scores,", "we", "implement", "a", "classifier", "which", "exploits", "features", "based", "on", "the", "content", "and", "the", "popularity", "of", "a", "document.", "To", "compute", "the", "misinformation", "score,", "we", "apply", "a", "stance", "detection", "approach", "with", "a", "pretrained", "Transformer", "language", "model.", "Finally,", "we", "use", "different", "approaches", "to", "merge", "scores:", "weighted", "average,", "the", "distance", "among", "score", "vectors", "and", "rank", "fusion." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "The", "field", "of", "automatic", "music", "composition", "has", "seen", "great", "progress", "in", "the", "last", "few", "years,", "much", "of", "which", "can", "be", "attributed", "to", "advances", "in", "deep", "neural", "networks.", "There", "are", "numerous", "studies", "that", "present", "different", "strategies", "for", "generating", "sheet", "music", "from", "scratch.", "The", "inclusion", "of", "high-level", "musical", "characteristics", "(e.g.,", "perceived", "emotional", "qualities),", "however,", "as", "conditions", "for", "controlling", "the", "generation", "output", "remains", "a", "challenge.", "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "present", "a", "novel", "approach", "for", "calculating", "the", "valence", "(the", "positivity", "or", "negativity", "of", "the", "perceived", "emotion)", "of", "a", "chord", "progression", "within", "a", "lead", "sheet,", "using", "pre-defined", "mood", "tags", "proposed", "by", "music", "experts.", "Based", "on", "this", "approach,", "we", "propose", "a", "novel", "strategy", "for", "conditional", "lead", "sheet", "generation", "that", "allows", "us", "to", "steer", "the", "music", "generation", "in", "terms", "of", "valence,", "phrasing,", "and", "time", "signature.", "Our", "approach", "is", "similar", "to", "a", "Neural", "Machine", "Translation", "(NMT)", "problem,", "as", "we", "include", "high-level", "conditions", "in", "the", "encoder", "part", "of", "the", "sequence-to-sequence", "architectures", "used", "(i.e.,", "long-short", "term", "memory", "networks,", "and", "a", "Transformer", "network).", "We", "conducted", "experiments", "to", "thoroughly", "analyze", "these", "two", "architectures.", "The", "results", "show", "that", "the", "proposed", "strategy", "is", "able", "to", "generate", "lead", "sheets", "in", "a", "controllable", "manner,", "resulting", "in", "distributions", "of", "musical", "attributes", "similar", "to", "those", "of", "the", "training", "dataset.", "We", "also", "verified", "through", "a", "subjective", "listening", "test", "that", "our", "approach", "is", "effective", "in", "controlling", "the", "valence", "of", "a", "generated", "chord", "progression." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "To", "safely", "and", "efficiently", "navigate", "through", "complex", "traffic", "scenarios,autonomous", "vehicles", "need", "to", "have", "the", "ability", "to", "predict", "the", "future", "motion", "ofsurrounding", "vehicles.", "Multiple", "interacting", "agents,", "the", "multi-modal", "nature", "ofdriver", "behavior,", "and", "the", "inherent", "uncertainty", "involved", "in", "the", "task", "make", "motionprediction", "of", "surrounding", "vehicles", "a", "challenging", "problem.", "In", "this", "paper,", "wepresent", "an", "LSTM", "model", "for", "interaction", "aware", "motion", "prediction", "of", "surroundingvehicles", "on", "freeways.", "Our", "model", "assigns", "confidence", "values", "to", "maneuvers", "beingperformed", "by", "vehicles", "and", "outputs", "a", "multi-modal", "distribution", "over", "future", "motionbased", "on", "them.", "We", "compare", "our", "approach", "with", "the", "prior", "art", "for", "vehicle", "motionprediction", "on", "the", "publicly", "available", "NGSIM", "US-101", "and", "I-80", "datasets.", "Ourresults", "show", "an", "improvement", "in", "terms", "of", "RMS", "values", "of", "prediction", "error.", "We", "alsopresent", "an", "ablative", "analysis", "of", "the", "components", "of", "our", "proposed", "model", "andanalyze", "the", "predictions", "made", "by", "the", "model", "in", "complex", "traffic", "scenarios." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Virtual", "fitting", "room", "is", "a", "challenging", "task", "yet", "useful", "feature", "for", "e-commerce", "platforms", "and", "fashion", "designers.", "Existing", "works", "can", "only", "detect", "very", "few", "types", "of", "fashion", "items.", "Besides", "they", "did", "poorly", "in", "changing", "the", "texture", "and", "style", "of", "the", "selected", "fashion", "items.", "In", "this", "project,", "we", "propose", "a", "novel", "approach", "to", "address", "this", "problem.", "We", "firstly", "used", "Mask", "R-CNN", "to", "find", "the", "regions", "of", "different", "fashion", "items,", "and", "secondly", "used", "Neural", "Style", "Transfer", "to", "change", "the", "style", "of", "the", "selected", "fashion", "items.", "The", "dataset", "we", "used", "is", "composed", "of", "images", "from", "PaperDoll", "dataset", "and", "annotations", "provided", "by", "eBay's", "ModaNet.", "We", "trained", "8", "models", "and", "our", "best", "model", "massively", "outperformed", "baseline", "models", "both", "quantitatively", "and", "qualitatively,", "with", "68.72%", "mAP,", "0.20%", "ASDR." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 2, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "With", "the", "development", "of", "automatic", "speech", "recognition", "(ASR)", "and", "text-to-speech", "synthesis", "(TTS)", "technique,", "it's", "intuitive", "to", "construct", "a", "voice", "conversion", "system", "by", "cascading", "an", "ASR", "and", "TTS", "system.", "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "present", "a", "ASR-TTS", "method", "for", "voice", "conversion,", "which", "used", "iFLYTEK", "ASR", "engine", "to", "transcribe", "the", "source", "speech", "into", "text", "and", "a", "Transformer", "TTS", "model", "with", "WaveNet", "vocoder", "to", "synthesize", "the", "converted", "speech", "from", "the", "decoded", "text.", "For", "the", "TTS", "model,", "we", "proposed", "to", "use", "a", "prosody", "code", "to", "describe", "the", "prosody", "information", "other", "than", "text", "and", "speaker", "information", "contained", "in", "speech.", "A", "prosody", "encoder", "is", "used", "to", "extract", "the", "prosody", "code.", "During", "conversion,", "the", "source", "prosody", "is", "transferred", "to", "converted", "speech", "by", "conditioning", "the", "Transformer", "TTS", "model", "with", "its", "code.", "Experiments", "were", "conducted", "to", "demonstrate", "the", "effectiveness", "of", "our", "proposed", "method.", "Our", "system", "also", "obtained", "the", "best", "naturalness", "and", "similarity", "in", "the", "mono-lingual", "task", "of", "Voice", "Conversion", "Challenge", "2020" ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6 ]
[ "Robustness", "is", "a", "significant", "constraint", "in", "machine", "learning", "models.", "The", "performance", "of", "the", "algorithms", "must", "not", "deteriorate", "when", "training", "and", "testing", "with", "slightly", "different", "data.", "Deep", "neural", "network", "models", "achieve", "awe-inspiring", "results", "in", "a", "wide", "range", "of", "applications", "of", "computer", "vision.", "Still,", "in", "the", "presence", "of", "noise", "or", "region", "occlusion,", "some", "models", "exhibit", "inaccurate", "performance", "even", "with", "data", "handled", "in", "training.", "Besides,", "some", "experiments", "suggest", "deep", "learning", "models", "sometimes", "use", "incorrect", "parts", "of", "the", "input", "information", "to", "perform", "inference.", "Activate", "Image", "Augmentation", "(ADA)", "is", "an", "augmentation", "method", "that", "uses", "interpretability", "methods", "to", "augment", "the", "training", "data", "and", "improve", "its", "robustness", "to", "face", "the", "described", "problems.", "Although", "ADA", "presented", "interesting", "results,", "its", "original", "version", "only", "used", "the", "Vanilla", "Backpropagation", "interpretability", "to", "train", "the", "U-Net", "model.", "In", "this", "work,", "we", "propose", "an", "extensive", "experimental", "analysis", "of", "the", "interpretability", "method's", "impact", "on", "ADA.", "We", "use", "five", "interpretability", "methods:", "Vanilla", "Backpropagation,", "Guided", "Backpropagation,", "GradCam,", "Guided", "GradCam,", "and", "InputXGradient.", "The", "results", "show", "that", "all", "methods", "achieve", "similar", "performance", "at", "the", "ending", "of", "training,", "but", "when", "combining", "ADA", "with", "GradCam,", "the", "U-Net", "model", "presented", "an", "impressive", "fast", "convergence." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Due", "to", "the", "lack", "of", "available", "annotated", "medical", "images,", "accuratecomputer-assisted", "diagnosis", "requires", "intensive", "Data", "Augmentation", "(DA)techniques,", "such", "as", "geometric/intensity", "transformations", "of", "original", "images;however,", "those", "transformed", "images", "intrinsically", "have", "a", "similar", "distribution", "tothe", "original", "ones,", "leading", "to", "limited", "performance", "improvement.", "To", "fill", "the", "datalack", "in", "the", "real", "image", "distribution,", "we", "synthesize", "brain", "contrast-enhancedMagnetic", "Resonance", "(MR)", "images---realistic", "but", "completely", "different", "from", "theoriginal", "ones---using", "Generative", "Adversarial", "Networks", "(GAN", "s).", "This", "studyexploits", "Progressive", "Growing", "of", "GAN", "s", "(PGGAN", "s),", "a", "multi-stage", "generativetraining", "method,", "to", "generate", "original-sized", "256", "X", "256", "MR", "images", "forConvolutional", "Neural", "Network-based", "brain", "tumor", "detection,", "which", "is", "challengingvia", "conventional", "GAN", "s;", "difficulties", "arise", "due", "to", "unstable", "GAN", "training", "withhigh", "resolution", "and", "a", "variety", "of", "tumors", "in", "size,", "location,", "shape,", "and", "contrast.Our", "preliminary", "results", "show", "that", "this", "novel", "PGGAN", "#NAME?", "DA", "method", "can", "achievepromising", "performance", "improvement,", "when", "combined", "with", "classical", "DA,", "in", "tumordetection", "and", "also", "in", "other", "medical", "imaging", "tasks." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "We", "present", "a", "system", "for", "extracting", "an", "English", "translation", "of", "a", "given", "Japanese", "technical", "term", "by", "collecting", "and", "scoring", "translation", "candidates", "from", "the", "web", ".", "We", "first", "show", "that", "there", "are", "a", "lot", "of", "partially", "bilingual", "documents", "in", "the", "web", "that", "could", "be", "useful", "for", "term", "translation", ",", "discovered", "by", "using", "a", "commercial", "technical", "term", "dictionary", "and", "an", "Internet", "search", "engine", ".", "We", "then", "present", "an", "algorithm", "for", "obtaining", "translation", "candidates", "based", "on", "the", "distance", "of", "Japanese", "and", "English", "terms", "in", "web", "documents", ",", "and", "report", "the", "results", "of", "a", "preliminary", "experiment", "." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 0, 4, 2, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 2, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "propose", "an", "alignment", "network", "with", "iterative", "optimization", "for", "weakly", "supervised", "continuous", "sign", "language", "recognition.", "Our", "framework", "consists", "of", "two", "modules:", "a", "3D", "convolutional", "residual", "network", "(3D-ResNet)", "for", "feature", "learning", "and", "an", "encoder-decoder", "network", "with", "connectionist", "temporal", "classification", "(CTC)", "for", "sequence", "modelling.", "The", "above", "two", "modules", "are", "optimized", "in", "an", "alternate", "way.", "In", "the", "encoder-decoder", "sequence", "learning", "network,", "two", "decoders", "are", "included,", "i.e.,", "LSTM", "decoder", "and", "CTC", "decoder.", "Both", "decoders", "are", "jointly", "trained", "by", "maximum", "likelihood", "criterion", "with", "a", "soft", "Dynamic", "Time", "Warping", "(soft-DTW)", "alignment", "constraint.", "The", "warping", "path,", "which", "indicates", "the", "possible", "alignment", "between", "input", "video", "clips", "and", "sign", "words,", "is", "used", "to", "fine-tune", "the", "3D-ResNet", "as", "training", "labels", "with", "classification", "loss.", "After", "fine-tuning,", "the", "improved", "features", "are", "extracted", "for", "optimization", "of", "encoder-decoder", "sequence", "learning", "network", "in", "next", "iteration.", "The", "proposed", "algorithm", "is", "evaluated", "on", "two", "large", "scale", "continuous", "sign", "language", "recognition", "benchmarks,", "i.e.,", "RWTH-PHOENIX-Weather", "and", "CSL.", "Experimental", "results", "demonstrate", "the", "effectiveness", "of", "our", "proposed", "method." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Linguistic", "Code-switching", "(CS)", "is", "still", "an", "understudied", "phenomenon", "in", "natural", "language", "processing.", "The", "NLP", "community", "has", "mostly", "focused", "on", "monolingual", "and", "multi-lingual", "scenarios,", "but", "little", "attention", "has", "been", "given", "to", "CS", "in", "particular.", "This", "is", "partly", "because", "of", "the", "lack", "of", "resources", "and", "annotated", "data,", "despite", "its", "increasing", "occurrence", "in", "social", "media", "platforms.", "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "aim", "at", "adapting", "monolingual", "models", "to", "code-switched", "text", "in", "various", "tasks.", "Specifically,", "we", "transfer", "English", "knowledge", "from", "a", "pre-trained", "ELMo", "model", "to", "different", "code-switched", "language", "pairs", "(i.e.,", "Nepali-English,", "Spanish-English,", "and", "Hindi-English)", "using", "the", "task", "of", "language", "identification.", "Our", "method,", "CS-ELMo", ",", "is", "an", "extension", "of", "ELMo", "with", "a", "simple", "yet", "effective", "position-aware", "attention", "mechanism", "inside", "its", "character", "convolutions.", "We", "show", "the", "effectiveness", "of", "this", "transfer", "learning", "step", "by", "outperforming", "multilingual", "BERT", "and", "homologous", "CS-unaware", "ELMo", "models", "and", "establishing", "a", "new", "state", "of", "the", "art", "in", "CS", "tasks,", "such", "as", "NER", "and", "POS", "tagging.", "Our", "technique", "can", "be", "expanded", "to", "more", "English-paired", "code-switched", "languages,", "providing", "more", "resources", "to", "the", "CS", "community." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Driver", "drowsiness", "is", "one", "of", "main", "factors", "leading", "to", "road", "fatalities", "and", "hazards", "in", "the", "transportation", "industry.", "Electroencephalography", "(EEG", ")", "has", "been", "considered", "as", "one", "of", "the", "best", "physiological", "signals", "to", "detect", "drivers", "drowsy", "states,", "since", "it", "directly", "measures", "neurophysiological", "activities", "in", "the", "brain.", "However,", "designing", "a", "calibration-free", "system", "for", "driver", "drowsiness", "detection", "with", "EEG", "is", "still", "a", "challenging", "task,", "as", "EEG", "suffers", "from", "serious", "mental", "and", "physical", "drifts", "across", "different", "subjects.", "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "propose", "a", "compact", "and", "interpretable", "Convolutional", "Neural", "Network", "(CNN)", "to", "discover", "shared", "EEG", "features", "across", "different", "subjects", "for", "driver", "drowsiness", "detection.", "We", "incorporate", "the", "Global", "Average", "Pooling", "(GAP)", "layer", "in", "the", "model", "structure,", "allowing", "the", "Class", "Activation", "Map", "(CAM)", "method", "to", "be", "used", "for", "localizing", "regions", "of", "the", "input", "signal", "that", "contribute", "most", "for", "classification.", "Results", "show", "that", "the", "proposed", "model", "can", "achieve", "an", "average", "accuracy", "of", "73.22%", "on", "11", "subjects", "for", "2-class", "cross-subject", "EEG", "signal", "classification,", "which", "is", "higher", "than", "conventional", "machine", "learning", "methods", "and", "other", "state-of-art", "deep", "learning", "methods.", "It", "is", "revealed", "by", "the", "visualization", "technique", "that", "the", "model", "has", "learned", "biologically", "explainable", "features,", "e.g.,", "Alpha", "spindles", "and", "Theta", "burst,", "as", "evidence", "for", "the", "drowsy", "state.", "It", "is", "also", "interesting", "to", "see", "that", "the", "model", "uses", "artifacts", "that", "usually", "dominate", "the", "wakeful", "EEG", ",", "e.g.,", "muscle", "artifacts", "and", "sensor", "drifts,", "to", "recognize", "the", "alert", "state.", "The", "proposed", "model", "illustrates", "a", "potential", "direction", "to", "use", "CNN", "models", "as", "a", "powerful", "tool", "to", "discover", "shared", "features", "related", "to", "different", "mental", "states", "across", "different", "subjects", "from", "EEG", "signals." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 4, 2, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6 ]
[ "Deep", "stacked", "RNNs", "are", "usually", "hard", "to", "train.", "Adding", "shortcut", "connectionsacross", "different", "layers", "is", "a", "common", "way", "to", "ease", "the", "training", "of", "stackednetworks.", "However,", "extra", "shortcuts", "make", "the", "recurrent", "step", "more", "complicated.", "Tosimply", "the", "stacked", "architecture,", "we", "propose", "a", "framework", "called", "shortcut", "block,which", "is", "a", "marriage", "of", "the", "gating", "mechanism", "and", "shortcuts,", "while", "discarding", "theself-connected", "part", "in", "LSTM", "cell.", "We", "present", "extensive", "empirical", "experimentsshowing", "that", "this", "design", "makes", "training", "easy", "and", "improves", "generalization.", "Wepropose", "various", "shortcut", "block", "topologies", "and", "compositions", "to", "explore", "itseffectiveness.", "Based", "on", "this", "architecture,", "we", "obtain", "a", "6%", "relativelyimprovement", "over", "the", "state-of-the-art", "on", "CCGbank", "supertagging", "dataset.", "We", "alsoget", "comparable", "results", "on", "POS", "tagging", "task." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6 ]
[ "This", "paper", "presents", "the", "NICT{'}s", "participation", "in", "the", "WMT19", "shared", "Similar", "Language", "Translation", "Task.", "We", "participated", "in", "the", "Spanish-Portuguese", "task.", "For", "both", "translation", "directions,", "we", "prepared", "state-of-the-art", "statistical", "(SMT)", "and", "neural", "(NMT)", "machine", "translation", "systems.", "Our", "NMT", "systems", "with", "the", "Transformer", "architecture", "were", "trained", "on", "the", "provided", "parallel", "data", "enlarged", "with", "a", "large", "quantity", "of", "back-translated", "monolingual", "data.", "Our", "primary", "submission", "to", "the", "task", "is", "the", "result", "of", "a", "simple", "combination", "of", "our", "SMT", "and", "NMT", "systems.", "According", "to", "BLEU,", "our", "systems", "were", "ranked", "second", "and", "third", "respectively", "for", "the", "Portuguese-to-Spanish", "and", "Spanish-to-Portuguese", "translation", "directions.", "For", "contrastive", "experiments,", "we", "also", "submitted", "outputs", "generated", "with", "an", "unsupervised", "SMT", "system." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Dynamic", "Time", "Warping", "(DTW", ")", "is", "widely", "used", "as", "a", "similarity", "measure", "in", "various", "domains.", "Due", "to", "its", "invariance", "against", "warping", "in", "the", "time", "axis,", "DTW", "provides", "more", "meaningful", "discrepancy", "measurements", "between", "two", "signals", "than", "other", "dis-", "tance", "measures.", "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "propose", "a", "novel", "component", "in", "an", "artificial", "neural", "network.", "In", "contrast", "to", "the", "previous", "successful", "usage", "of", "DTW", "as", "a", "loss", "function,", "the", "proposed", "framework", "leverages", "DTW", "to", "obtain", "a", "better", "feature", "extraction.", "For", "the", "first", "time,", "the", "DTW", "loss", "is", "theoretically", "analyzed,", "and", "a", "stochastic", "backpropogation", "scheme", "is", "proposed", "to", "improve", "the", "accuracy", "and", "efficiency", "of", "the", "DTW", "learning.", "We", "also", "demonstrate", "that", "the", "proposed", "framework", "can", "be", "used", "as", "a", "data", "analysis", "tool", "to", "perform", "data", "decomposition." ]
[ 1, 5, 3, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Quantization", "Neural", "Networks", "(QNN)", "have", "attracted", "a", "lot", "of", "attention", "due", "to", "their", "high", "efficiency.", "To", "enhance", "the", "quantization", "accuracy,", "prior", "works", "mainly", "focus", "on", "designing", "advanced", "quantization", "algorithms", "but", "still", "fail", "to", "achieve", "satisfactory", "results", "under", "the", "extremely", "low-bit", "case.", "In", "this", "work,", "we", "take", "an", "architecture", "perspective", "to", "investigate", "the", "potential", "of", "high-performance", "QNN.", "Therefore,", "we", "propose", "to", "combine", "Network", "Architecture", "Search", "methods", "with", "quantization", "to", "enjoy", "the", "merits", "of", "the", "two", "sides.", "However,", "a", "naive", "combination", "inevitably", "faces", "unacceptable", "time", "consumption", "or", "unstable", "training", "problem.", "To", "alleviate", "these", "problems,", "we", "first", "propose", "the", "joint", "training", "of", "architecture", "and", "quantization", "with", "a", "shared", "step", "size", "to", "acquire", "a", "large", "number", "of", "quantized", "models.", "Then", "a", "bit-inheritance", "scheme", "is", "introduced", "to", "transfer", "the", "quantized", "models", "to", "the", "lower", "bit,", "which", "further", "reduces", "the", "time", "cost", "and", "meanwhile", "improves", "the", "quantization", "accuracy.", "Equipped", "with", "this", "overall", "framework,", "dubbed", "as", "Once", "Quantization", "#NAME?", "Training~(OQAT),", "our", "searched", "model", "family,", "OQATNets,", "achieves", "a", "new", "state-of-the-art", "compared", "with", "various", "architectures", "under", "different", "bit-widths.", "In", "particular,", "OQAT-2bit-M", "achieves", "61.60%", "ImageNet", "Top-1", "accuracy,", "outperforming", "2-bit", "counterpart", "MobileNetV3", "by", "a", "large", "margin", "of", "9%", "with", "10%", "less", "computation", "cost.", "A", "series", "of", "quantization-friendly", "architectures", "are", "identified", "easily", "and", "extensive", "analysis", "can", "be", "made", "to", "summarize", "the", "interaction", "between", "quantization", "and", "neural", "architectures.", "Codes", "and", "models", "are", "released", "at", "https://github.com/LaVieEnRoseSMZ/OQA" ]
[ 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Conversational", "User", "Interface", "(CUI)", "has", "become", "ubiquitous", "in", "everyday", "life,", "in", "consumer-focused", "products", "like", "Siri", "and", "Alexa", "or", "business-oriented", "solutions.", "Deep", "learning", "underlies", "many", "recent", "breakthroughs", "in", "dialogue", "systems", "but", "requires", "very", "large", "amounts", "of", "training", "data,", "often", "annotated", "by", "experts.", "Trained", "with", "smaller", "data,", "these", "methods", "end", "up", "severely", "lacking", "robustness", "(e.g.", "to", "disfluencies", "and", "out-of-domain", "input),", "and", "often", "just", "have", "too", "little", "generalisation", "power.", "In", "this", "thesis,", "we", "address", "the", "above", "issues", "by", "introducing", "a", "series", "of", "methods", "for", "training", "robust", "dialogue", "systems", "from", "minimal", "data.", "Firstly,", "we", "study", "two", "orthogonal", "approaches", "to", "dialogue:", "linguistically", "informed", "and", "machine", "learning-based", "-", "from", "the", "data", "efficiency", "perspective.", "We", "outline", "the", "steps", "to", "obtain", "data-efficient", "solutions", "with", "either", "approach.", "We", "then", "introduce", "two", "data-efficient", "models", "for", "dialogue", "response", "generation:", "the", "Dialogue", "Knowledge", "Transfer", "Network", "based", "on", "latent", "variable", "dialogue", "representations,", "and", "the", "hybrid", "Generative-Retrieval", "Transformer", "model", "(ranked", "first", "at", "the", "DSTC", "8", "Fast", "Domain", "Adaptation", "task).", "Next,", "we", "address", "the", "problem", "of", "robustness", "given", "minimal", "data.", "As", "such,", "propose", "a", "multitask", "LSTM-based", "model", "for", "domain-general", "disfluency", "detection.", "For", "the", "problem", "of", "out-of-domain", "input,", "we", "present", "Turn", "Dropout,", "a", "data", "augmentation", "technique", "for", "anomaly", "detection", "only", "using", "in-domain", "data,", "and", "introduce", "autoencoder-augmented", "models", "for", "efficient", "training", "with", "Turn", "Dropout.", "Finally,", "we", "focus", "on", "social", "dialogue", "and", "introduce", "a", "neural", "model", "for", "response", "ranking", "in", "social", "conversation", "used", "in", "Alana,", "the", "3rd", "place", "winner", "in", "the", "Amazon", "Alexa", "Prize", "2017", "and", "2018", "We", "employ", "a", "novel", "technique", "of", "predicting", "the", "dialogue", "length", "as", "the", "main", "ranking", "objective", "and", "show", "that", "this", "approach", "improves", "upon", "the", "ratings-based", "counterpart", "in", "terms", "of", "data", "efficiency", "while", "matching", "it", "in", "performance." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "This", "paper", "describes", "the", "submissions", "to", "the", "efficiency", "track", "for", "GPUs", "at", "theWorkshop", "for", "Neural", "Machine", "Translation", "and", "Generation", "by", "members", "of", "theUniversity", "of", "Edinburgh,", "Adam", "Mickiewicz", "University,", "Tilde", "and", "University", "ofAlicante.", "We", "focus", "on", "efficient", "implementation", "of", "the", "recurrent", "deep-learningmodel", "as", "implemented", "in", "Amun,", "the", "fast", "inference", "engine", "for", "neural", "machinetranslation.", "We", "improve", "the", "performance", "with", "an", "efficient", "mini-batchingalgorithm,", "and", "by", "fusing", "the", "softmax", "operation", "with", "the", "k-best", "extractionalgorithm.", "Submissions", "using", "Amun", "were", "first,", "second", "and", "third", "fastest", "in", "theGPU", "efficiency", "track." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Self-driving", "cars", "need", "to", "understand", "3D", "scenes", "efficiently", "and", "accurately", "in", "order", "to", "drive", "safely.", "Given", "the", "limited", "hardware", "resources,", "existing", "3D", "perception", "models", "are", "not", "able", "to", "recognize", "small", "instances", "(e.g.,", "pedestrians,", "cyclists)", "very", "well", "due", "to", "the", "low-resolution", "voxelization", "and", "aggressive", "downsampling.", "To", "this", "end,", "we", "propose", "Sparse", "Point-Voxel", "Convolution", "(SPVConv),", "a", "lightweight", "3D", "module", "that", "equips", "the", "vanilla", "Sparse", "Convolution", "with", "the", "high-resolution", "point-based", "branch.", "With", "negligible", "overhead,", "this", "point-based", "branch", "is", "able", "to", "preserve", "the", "fine", "details", "even", "from", "large", "outdoor", "scenes.", "To", "explore", "the", "spectrum", "of", "efficient", "3D", "models,", "we", "first", "define", "a", "flexible", "architecture", "design", "space", "based", "on", "SPVConv,", "and", "we", "then", "present", "3D", "Neural", "Architecture", "Search", "(3D-NAS)", "to", "search", "the", "optimal", "network", "architecture", "over", "this", "diverse", "design", "space", "efficiently", "and", "effectively.", "Experimental", "results", "validate", "that", "the", "resulting", "SPVNAS", "model", "is", "fast", "and", "accurate:", "it", "outperforms", "the", "state-of-the-art", "MinkowskiNet", "by", "3.3%,", "ranking", "1st", "on", "the", "competitive", "SemanticKITTI", "leaderboard.", "It", "also", "achieves", "8x", "computation", "reduction", "and", "3x", "measured", "speedup", "over", "MinkowskiNet", "with", "higher", "accuracy.", "Finally,", "we", "transfer", "our", "method", "to", "3D", "object", "detection,", "and", "it", "achieves", "consistent", "improvements", "over", "the", "one-stage", "detection", "baseline", "on", "KITTI." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "In", "this", "paper", "I", "describe", "how", "a", "significant", "class", "of", "cases", "that", "would", "involve", "-LRB-", "possibly", "complex", "-RRB-", "structural", "transfer", "in", "nmchine", "translation", "can", "be", "handled", "avoiding", "transfer", ".", "This", "is", "achieved", "by", "applying", "a", "semantic", "organization", "developed", "for", "monolingual", "text", "generation", "that", "is", "sufficiently", "abstract", "to", "remain", "invariant", ",", "within", "theoretically", "specifiable", "limits", ",", "across", "different", "languages", ".", "The", "further", "application", "of", "a", "mechanism", "motivated", "from", "within", "monolingual", "text", "generation", ",", "`", "grammatical", "metaphor", "'", ",", "then", "allows", "candidate", "appropriate", "translations", "to", "be", "isolated", ".", "The", "incorporation", "of", "these", "essentially", "monolingual", "mechanisms", "within", "the", "machine", "translation", "process", "promises", "to", "significantly", "improve", "translational", "capabilities", ";", "examples", "of", "this", "are", "presented", "for", "English", "and", "German", "." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 2, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 2, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "This", "paper", "presents", "the", "participation", "of", "the", "VSP", "team", "for", "the", "PharmaCoNER", "Tracks", "from", "the", "BioNLP", "Open", "Shared", "Task", "2019", "The", "system", "consists", "of", "a", "neural", "model", "for", "the", "Named", "Entity", "Recognition", "of", "drugs,", "medications", "and", "chemical", "entities", "in", "Spanish", "and", "the", "use", "of", "the", "Spanish", "Edition", "of", "SNOMED", "CT", "term", "search", "engine", "for", "the", "concept", "normalization", "of", "the", "recognized", "mentions.", "The", "neural", "network", "is", "implemented", "with", "two", "bidirectional", "Recurrent", "Neural", "Networks", "with", "LSTM", "cells", "that", "creates", "a", "feature", "vector", "for", "each", "word", "of", "the", "sentences", "in", "order", "to", "classify", "the", "entities.", "The", "first", "layer", "uses", "the", "characters", "of", "each", "word", "and", "the", "resulting", "vector", "is", "aggregated", "to", "the", "second", "layer", "together", "with", "its", "word", "embedding", "in", "order", "to", "create", "the", "feature", "vector", "of", "the", "word.", "Besides,", "a", "Conditional", "Random", "Field", "layer", "classifies", "the", "vector", "representation", "of", "each", "word", "in", "one", "of", "the", "mention", "types.", "The", "system", "obtains", "a", "performance", "of", "76.29{\\%},", "and", "60.34{\\%}", "in", "F1", "for", "the", "classification", "of", "the", "Named", "Entity", "Recognition", "task", "and", "the", "Concept", "indexing", "task,", "respectively.", "This", "method", "presents", "good", "results", "with", "a", "basic", "approach", "without", "using", "pretrained", "word", "embeddings", "or", "any", "hand-crafted", "features." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Multilingual", "BERT", "(mBERT", ")", "trained", "on", "104", "languages", "has", "shown", "surprisingly", "good", "cross-lingual", "performance", "on", "several", "NLP", "tasks,", "even", "without", "explicit", "cross-lingual", "signals.", "However,", "these", "evaluations", "have", "focused", "on", "cross-lingual", "transfer", "with", "high-resource", "languages,", "covering", "only", "a", "third", "of", "the", "languages", "covered", "by", "mBERT", ".", "We", "explore", "how", "mBERT", "performs", "on", "a", "much", "wider", "set", "of", "languages,", "focusing", "on", "the", "quality", "of", "representation", "for", "low-resource", "languages,", "measured", "by", "within-language", "performance.", "We", "consider", "three", "tasks:", "Named", "Entity", "Recognition", "(99", "languages),", "Part-of-speech", "Tagging,", "and", "Dependency", "Parsing", "(54", "languages", "each).", "mBERT", "does", "better", "than", "or", "comparable", "to", "baselines", "on", "high", "resource", "languages", "but", "does", "much", "worse", "for", "low", "resource", "languages.", "Furthermore,", "monolingual", "BERT", "models", "for", "these", "languages", "do", "even", "worse.", "Paired", "with", "similar", "languages,", "the", "performance", "gap", "between", "monolingual", "BERT", "and", "mBERT", "can", "be", "narrowed.", "We", "find", "that", "better", "models", "for", "low", "resource", "languages", "require", "more", "efficient", "pretraining", "techniques", "or", "more", "data." ]
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[ "This", "paper", "addresses", "the", "problem", "of", "time", "series", "forecasting", "for", "non-stationary", "signals", "and", "multiple", "future", "steps", "prediction.", "To", "handle", "this", "challenging", "task,", "we", "introduce", "DILATE", "(DIstortion", "Loss", "including", "shApe", "and", "TimE),", "a", "new", "objective", "function", "for", "training", "deep", "neural", "networks.", "DILATE", "aims", "at", "accurately", "predicting", "sudden", "changes,", "and", "explicitly", "incorporates", "two", "terms", "supporting", "precise", "shape", "and", "temporal", "change", "detection.", "We", "introduce", "a", "differentiable", "loss", "function", "suitable", "for", "training", "deep", "neural", "nets,", "and", "provide", "a", "custom", "back-prop", "implementation", "for", "speeding", "up", "optimization.", "We", "also", "introduce", "a", "variant", "of", "DILATE,", "which", "provides", "a", "smooth", "generalization", "of", "temporally-constrained", "Dynamic", "Time", "Warping", "(DTW", ").", "Experiments", "carried", "out", "on", "various", "non-stationary", "datasets", "reveal", "the", "very", "good", "behaviour", "of", "DILATE", "compared", "to", "models", "trained", "with", "the", "standard", "Mean", "Squared", "Error", "(MSE)", "loss", "function,", "and", "also", "to", "DTW", "and", "variants.", "DILATE", "is", "also", "agnostic", "to", "the", "choice", "of", "the", "model,", "and", "we", "highlight", "its", "benefit", "for", "training", "fully", "connected", "networks", "as", "well", "as", "specialized", "recurrent", "architectures,", "showing", "its", "capacity", "to", "improve", "over", "state-of-the-art", "trajectory", "forecasting", "approaches." ]
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[ "In", "this", "research,", "an", "emotion", "recognition", "system", "is", "developed", "based", "on", "valence/arousal", "model", "using", "electroencephalography", "(EEG", ")", "signals.", "EEG", "signals", "are", "decomposed", "into", "the", "gamma,", "beta,", "alpha", "and", "theta", "frequency", "bands", "using", "discrete", "wavelet", "transform", "(DWT),", "and", "spectral", "features", "are", "extracted", "from", "each", "frequency", "band.", "Principle", "component", "analysis", "(PCA)", "is", "applied", "to", "the", "extracted", "features", "by", "preserving", "the", "same", "dimensionality,", "as", "a", "transform,", "to", "make", "the", "features", "mutually", "uncorrelated.", "Support", "vector", "machine", "(SVM", "),", "K-nearest", "neighbor", "(KNN)", "and", "artificial", "neural", "network", "(ANN)", "are", "used", "to", "classify", "emotional", "states.", "The", "cross-validated", "SVM", "with", "radial", "basis", "function", "(RBF)", "kernel", "using", "extracted", "features", "of", "10", "EEG", "channels,", "performs", "with", "91.30%", "accuracy", "for", "arousal", "and", "91.10%", "accuracy", "for", "valence,", "both", "in", "the", "beta", "frequency", "band.", "Our", "approach", "shows", "better", "performance", "compared", "to", "existing", "algorithms", "applied", "to", "the", "DEAP", "dataset." ]
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[ "Today's", "business", "ecosystem", "has", "become", "very", "competitive.", "Customer", "satisfaction", "has", "become", "a", "major", "focus", "for", "business", "growth.", "Business", "organizations", "are", "spending", "a", "lot", "of", "money", "and", "human", "resources", "on", "various", "strategies", "to", "understand", "and", "fulfill", "their", "customer's", "needs.", "But,", "because", "of", "defective", "manual", "analysis", "on", "multifarious", "needs", "of", "customers,", "many", "organizations", "are", "failing", "to", "achieve", "customer", "satisfaction.", "As", "a", "result,", "they", "are", "losing", "customer's", "loyalty", "and", "spending", "extra", "money", "on", "marketing.", "We", "can", "solve", "the", "problems", "by", "implementing", "Sentiment", "Analysis", ".", "It", "is", "a", "combined", "technique", "of", "Natural", "Language", "Processing", "(NLP)", "and", "Machine", "Learning", "(ML).", "Sentiment", "Analysis", "is", "broadly", "used", "to", "extract", "insights", "from", "wider", "public", "opinion", "behind", "certain", "topics,", "products,", "and", "services.", "We", "can", "do", "it", "from", "any", "online", "available", "data.", "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "have", "introduced", "two", "NLP", "techniques", "(Bag-of-Words", "and", "TF-IDF)", "and", "various", "ML", "classification", "algorithms", "(Support", "Vector", "Machine,", "Logistic", "Regression", ",", "Multinomial", "Naive", "Bayes,", "Random", "Forest)", "to", "find", "an", "effective", "approach", "for", "Sentiment", "Analysis", "on", "a", "large,", "imbalanced,", "and", "multi-classed", "dataset.", "Our", "best", "approaches", "provide", "77%", "accuracy", "using", "Support", "Vector", "Machine", "and", "Logistic", "Regression", "with", "Bag-of-Words", "technique." ]
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[ "Transfer", "learning", "and", "domain", "adaptive", "learning", "have", "been", "applied", "to", "various", "fields", "including", "computer", "vision", "(e.g.,", "image", "recognition)", "and", "natural", "language", "processing", "(e.g.,", "text", "classification).", "One", "of", "the", "benefits", "of", "transfer", "learning", "is", "to", "learn", "effectively", "and", "efficiently", "from", "limited", "labeled", "data", "with", "a", "pre-trained", "model.", "In", "the", "shared", "task", "of", "identifying", "and", "categorizing", "offensive", "language", "in", "social", "media,", "we", "preprocess", "the", "dataset", "according", "to", "the", "language", "behaviors", "on", "social", "media,", "and", "then", "adapt", "and", "fine-tune", "the", "Bidirectional", "Encoder", "Representation", "from", "Transformer", "(BERT)", "pre-trained", "by", "Google", "AI", "Language", "team.", "Our", "team", "NULI", "wins", "the", "first", "place", "(1st)", "in", "Sub-task", "A", "-", "Offensive", "Language", "Identification", "and", "is", "ranked", "4th", "and", "18th", "in", "Sub-task", "B", "-", "Automatic", "Categorization", "of", "Offense", "Types", "and", "Sub-task", "C", "-", "Offense", "Target", "Identification", "respectively." ]
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[ "To", "solve", "the", "problem", "of", "redundant", "information", "and", "overlapping", "relations", "of", "the", "entity", "and", "relation", "extraction", "model,", "we", "propose", "a", "joint", "extraction", "model.", "This", "model", "can", "directly", "extract", "multiple", "pairs", "of", "related", "entities", "without", "generating", "unrelated", "redundant", "information.", "We", "also", "propose", "a", "recurrent", "neural", "network", "named", "Encoder-LSTM", "that", "enhances", "the", "ability", "of", "recurrent", "units", "to", "model", "sentences.", "Specifically,", "the", "joint", "model", "includes", "three", "sub-modules:", "the", "Named", "Entity", "Recognition", "sub-module", "consisted", "of", "a", "pre-trained", "language", "model", "and", "an", "LSTM", "decoder", "layer,", "the", "Entity", "Pair", "Extraction", "sub-module", "which", "uses", "Encoder-LSTM", "network", "to", "model", "the", "order", "relationship", "between", "related", "entity", "pairs,", "and", "the", "Relation", "Classification", "sub-module", "including", "Attention", "mechanism.", "We", "conducted", "experiments", "on", "the", "public", "datasets", "ADE", "and", "CoNLL04", "to", "evaluate", "the", "effectiveness", "of", "our", "model.", "The", "results", "show", "that", "the", "proposed", "model", "achieves", "good", "performance", "in", "the", "task", "of", "entity", "and", "relation", "extraction", "and", "can", "greatly", "reduce", "the", "amount", "of", "redundant", "information." ]
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[ "A", "churn", "prediction", "system", "guides", "telecom", "service", "providers", "to", "reduce", "revenueloss.", "However,", "the", "development", "of", "a", "churn", "prediction", "system", "for", "a", "telecomindustry", "is", "a", "challenging", "task,", "mainly", "due", "to", "the", "large", "size", "of", "the", "data,", "highdimensional", "features,", "and", "imbalanced", "distribution", "of", "the", "data.", "In", "this", "paper,we", "present", "a", "solution", "to", "the", "inherent", "problems", "of", "churn", "prediction,", "using", "theconcept", "of", "Transfer", "Learning", "(TL)", "and", "Ensemble-based", "Meta-Classification.", "Theproposed", "method", "TL-DeepE", "is", "applied", "in", "two", "stages.", "The", "first", "stage", "employs", "TLby", "fine-tuning", "multiple", "pre-trained", "Deep", "Convolution", "Neural", "Networks", "(CNNs).Telecom", "datasets", "are", "normally", "in", "vector", "form,", "which", "is", "converted", "into", "2D", "imagesbecause", "Deep", "CNNs", "have", "high", "learning", "capacity", "on", "images.", "In", "the", "second", "stage,predictions", "from", "these", "Deep", "CNNs", "are", "appended", "to", "the", "original", "feature", "vectorand", "thus", "are", "used", "to", "build", "a", "final", "feature", "vector", "for", "the", "high-level", "GeneticProgramming", "(GP)", "and", "AdaBoost", "based", "ensemble", "classifier.", "Thus,", "the", "experimentsare", "conducted", "using", "various", "CNNs", "as", "base", "classifiers", "and", "the", "GP-AdaBoost", "as", "ameta-classifier.", "By", "using", "10-fold", "cross-validation,", "the", "performance", "of", "theproposed", "TL-DeepE", "system", "is", "compared", "with", "existing", "techniques,", "for", "two", "standardtelecommunication", "datasets;", "Orange", "and", "Cell2cell.", "Performing", "experiments", "onOrange", "and", "Cell2cell", "datasets,", "the", "prediction", "accuracy", "obtained", "was", "75.40%", "and68.2%,", "while", "the", "area", "under", "the", "curve", "was", "0.83", "and", "0.74,", "respectively." ]
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[ "The", "increasing", "availability", "of", "massive", "data", "sets", "poses", "a", "series", "of", "challenges", "for", "machine", "learning.", "Prominent", "among", "these", "is", "the", "need", "to", "learn", "models", "under", "hardware", "or", "human", "resource", "constraints.", "In", "such", "resource-constrained", "settings,", "a", "simple", "yet", "powerful", "approach", "is", "to", "operate", "on", "small", "subsets", "of", "the", "data.", "Coresets", "are", "weighted", "subsets", "of", "the", "data", "that", "provide", "approximation", "guarantees", "for", "the", "optimization", "objective.", "However,", "existing", "coreset", "constructions", "are", "highly", "model-specific", "and", "are", "limited", "to", "simple", "models", "such", "as", "linear", "regression,", "logistic", "regression,", "and", "$k$-means.", "In", "this", "work,", "we", "propose", "a", "generic", "coreset", "construction", "framework", "that", "formulates", "the", "coreset", "selection", "as", "a", "cardinality-constrained", "bilevel", "optimization", "problem.", "In", "contrast", "to", "existing", "approaches,", "our", "framework", "does", "not", "require", "model-specific", "adaptations", "and", "applies", "to", "any", "twice", "differentiable", "model,", "including", "neural", "networks.", "We", "show", "the", "effectiveness", "of", "our", "framework", "for", "a", "wide", "range", "of", "models", "in", "various", "settings,", "including", "training", "non-convex", "models", "online", "and", "batch", "active", "learning." ]
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[ "Cybersecurity", "has", "recently", "gained", "considerable", "interest", "in", "today's", "security", "issues", "because", "of", "the", "popularity", "of", "the", "Internet-of-Things", "(IoT),", "the", "considerable", "growth", "of", "mobile", "networks,", "and", "many", "related", "apps.", "Therefore,", "detecting", "numerous", "cyber-attacks", "in", "a", "network", "and", "creating", "an", "effective", "intrusion", "detection", "system", "plays", "a", "vital", "role", "in", "today's", "security.", "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "present", "an", "Isolation", "Forest", "Learning-Based", "Outlier", "Detection", "Model", "for", "effectively", "classifying", "cyber", "anomalies.", "In", "order", "to", "evaluate", "the", "efficacy", "of", "the", "resulting", "Outlier", "Detection", "model,", "we", "also", "use", "several", "conventional", "machine", "learning", "approaches,", "such", "as", "Logistic", "Regression", "(LR),", "Support", "Vector", "Machine", "(SVM),", "AdaBoost", "Classifier", "(ABC),", "Naive", "Bayes", "(NB),", "and", "K-Nearest", "Neighbor", "(KNN).", "The", "effectiveness", "of", "our", "proposed", "Outlier", "Detection", "model", "is", "evaluated", "by", "conducting", "experiments", "on", "Network", "Intrusion", "Dataset", "with", "evaluation", "metrics", "such", "as", "precision,", "recall,", "F1-score,", "and", "accuracy.", "Experimental", "results", "show", "that", "the", "classification", "accuracy", "of", "cyber", "anomalies", "has", "been", "improved", "after", "removing", "outliers." ]
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[ "We", "report", "on", "the", "development", "of", "a", "robust", "parsing", "device", "which", "aims", "to", "provide", "a", "partial", "explanation", "for", "child", "language", "acquisition", "and", "help", "in", "the", "construction", "of", "better", "natural", "language", "processing", "systems", ".", "The", "backbone", "of", "the", "new", "approach", "is", "the", "synthesis", "of", "statistical", "and", "symbolic", "approaches", "to", "natural", "language", ".", "Motivation", "We", "report", "on", "the", "progress", "we", "have", "made", "towards", "developing", "a", "robust", "`", "self-constructing", "'", "parsing", "device", "that", "uses", "indirect", "negative", "evidence", "-LRB-", "Kapur", "," ]
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[ "Previous", "work", "in", "slogan", "generation", "focused", "on", "utilising", "slogan", "skeletons", "mined", "from", "existing", "slogans.", "While", "some", "generated", "slogans", "can", "be", "catchy,", "they", "are", "often", "not", "coherent", "with", "the", "company's", "focus", "or", "style", "across", "their", "marketing", "communications", "because", "the", "skeletons", "are", "mined", "from", "other", "companies'", "slogans.", "We", "propose", "a", "sequence-to-sequence", "(seq2seq)", "transformer", "model", "to", "generate", "slogans", "from", "a", "brief", "company", "description.", "A", "naive", "seq2seq", "model", "fine-tuned", "for", "slogan", "generation", "is", "prone", "to", "introducing", "FALSE", "information.", "We", "use", "company", "name", "delexicalisation", "and", "entity", "masking", "to", "alleviate", "this", "problem", "and", "improve", "the", "generated", "slogans'", "quality", "and", "truthfulness.", "Furthermore,", "we", "apply", "conditional", "training", "based", "on", "the", "first", "words'", "POS", "tag", "to", "generate", "syntactically", "diverse", "slogans.", "Our", "best", "model", "achieved", "a", "ROUGE-1/-2/-L", "F1", "score", "of", "35.58/18.47/33.32.", "Besides,", "automatic", "and", "human", "evaluations", "indicate", "that", "our", "method", "generates", "significantly", "more", "factual,", "diverse", "and", "catchy", "slogans", "than", "strong", "LSTM", "and", "transformer", "seq2seq", "baselines." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Recently,", "DETR", "and", "Deformable", "DETR", "have", "been", "proposed", "to", "eliminate", "the", "need", "for", "many", "hand-designed", "components", "in", "object", "detection", "while", "demonstrating", "good", "performance", "as", "previous", "complex", "hand-crafted", "detectors.", "However,", "their", "performance", "on", "Video", "Object", "Detection", "(VOD)", "has", "not", "been", "well", "explored.", "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "present", "TransVOD,", "an", "end-to-end", "video", "object", "detection", "model", "based", "on", "a", "spatial-temporal", "Transformer", "architecture.", "The", "goal", "of", "this", "paper", "is", "to", "streamline", "the", "pipeline", "of", "VOD,", "effectively", "removing", "the", "need", "for", "many", "hand-crafted", "components", "for", "feature", "aggregation,", "e.g.,", "optical", "flow,", "recurrent", "neural", "networks,", "relation", "networks.", "Besides,", "benefited", "from", "the", "object", "query", "design", "in", "DETR,", "our", "method", "does", "not", "need", "complicated", "post-processing", "methods", "such", "as", "Seq-NMS", "or", "Tubelet", "rescoring,", "which", "keeps", "the", "pipeline", "simple", "and", "clean.", "In", "particular,", "we", "present", "temporal", "Transformer", "to", "aggregate", "both", "the", "spatial", "object", "queries", "and", "the", "feature", "memories", "of", "each", "frame.", "Our", "temporal", "Transformer", "consists", "of", "three", "components:", "Temporal", "Deformable", "Transformer", "Encoder", "(TDTE)", "to", "encode", "the", "multiple", "frame", "spatial", "details,", "Temporal", "Query", "Encoder", "(TQE)", "to", "fuse", "object", "queries,", "and", "Temporal", "Deformable", "Transformer", "Decoder", "to", "obtain", "current", "frame", "detection", "results.", "These", "designs", "boost", "the", "strong", "baseline", "deformable", "DETR", "by", "a", "significant", "margin", "(3%-4%", "mAP)", "on", "the", "ImageNet", "VID", "dataset.", "TransVOD", "yields", "comparable", "results", "performance", "on", "the", "benchmark", "of", "ImageNet", "VID.", "We", "hope", "our", "TransVOD", "can", "provide", "a", "new", "perspective", "for", "video", "object", "detection.", "Code", "will", "be", "made", "publicly", "available", "at", "https://github.com/SJTU-LuHe/TransVOD." ]
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[ "Neural", "Machine", "Translation", "(NMT)", "is", "notorious", "for", "its", "need", "for", "large", "amounts", "of", "bilingual", "data.", "An", "effective", "approach", "to", "compensate", "for", "this", "requirement", "is", "Multi-Task", "Learning", "(MTL)", "to", "leverage", "different", "linguistic", "resources", "as", "a", "source", "of", "inductive", "bias.", "Current", "MTL", "architectures", "are", "based", "on", "the", "Seq2Seq", "transduction,", "and", "(partially)", "share", "different", "components", "of", "the", "models", "among", "the", "tasks.", "However,", "this", "MTL", "approach", "often", "suffers", "from", "task", "interference", "and", "is", "not", "able", "to", "fully", "capture", "commonalities", "among", "subsets", "of", "tasks.", "We", "address", "this", "issue", "by", "extending", "the", "recurrent", "units", "with", "multiple", "{``}blocks{''}", "along", "with", "a", "trainable", "{``}routing", "network{''}.", "The", "routing", "network", "enables", "adaptive", "collaboration", "by", "dynamic", "sharing", "of", "blocks", "conditioned", "on", "the", "task", "at", "hand,", "input,", "and", "model", "state.", "Empirical", "evaluation", "of", "two", "low-resource", "translation", "tasks,", "English", "to", "Vietnamese", "and", "Farsi,", "show", "1", "BLEU", "score", "improvements", "compared", "to", "strong", "baselines." ]
[ 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "present", "a", "description", "of", "the", "baseline", "system", "of", "Voice", "Conversion", "Challenge", "(VCC)", "2020", "with", "a", "cyclic", "variational", "autoencoder", "(CycleVAE)", "and", "Parallel", "WaveGAN", "(PWG),", "i.e.,", "CycleVAEPWG.", "CycleVAE", "is", "a", "nonparallel", "VAE-based", "voice", "conversion", "that", "utilizes", "converted", "acoustic", "features", "to", "consider", "cyclically", "reconstructed", "spectra", "during", "optimization.", "On", "the", "other", "hand,", "PWG", "is", "a", "non-autoregressive", "neural", "vocoder", "that", "is", "based", "on", "a", "generative", "adversarial", "network", "for", "a", "high-quality", "and", "fast", "waveform", "generator.", "In", "practice,", "the", "CycleVAEPWG", "system", "can", "be", "straightforwardly", "developed", "with", "the", "VCC", "2020", "dataset", "using", "a", "unified", "model", "for", "both", "Task", "1", "(intralingual)", "and", "Task", "2", "(cross-lingual),", "where", "our", "open-source", "implementation", "is", "available", "at", "https://github.com/bigpon/vcc20_baseline_cyclevae.", "The", "results", "of", "VCC", "2020", "have", "demonstrated", "that", "the", "CycleVAEPWG", "baseline", "achieves", "the", "following:", "1)", "a", "mean", "opinion", "score", "(MOS)", "of", "2.87", "in", "naturalness", "and", "a", "speaker", "similarity", "percentage", "(Sim)", "of", "75.37%", "for", "Task", "1,", "and", "2)", "a", "MOS", "of", "2.56", "and", "a", "Sim", "of", "56.46%", "for", "Task", "2,", "showing", "an", "approximately", "or", "nearly", "average", "score", "for", "naturalness", "and", "an", "above", "average", "score", "for", "speaker", "similarity." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Classification", "is", "the", "most", "important", "process", "in", "data", "analysis.", "However,", "dueto", "the", "inherent", "non-convex", "and", "non-smooth", "structure", "of", "the", "zero-one", "lossfunction", "of", "the", "classification", "model,", "various", "convex", "surrogate", "loss", "functionssuch", "as", "hinge", "loss,", "squared", "hinge", "loss,", "logistic", "loss,", "and", "exponential", "loss", "areintroduced.", "These", "loss", "functions", "have", "been", "used", "for", "decades", "in", "diverseclassification", "models,", "such", "as", "SVM", "(support", "vector", "machine)", "with", "hinge", "loss,logistic", "regression", "with", "logistic", "loss,", "and", "Adaboost", "with", "exponential", "loss", "andso", "on.", "In", "this", "work,", "we", "present", "a", "Perceptron-augmented", "convex", "classificationframework,", "{\\it", "Logitron}.", "The", "loss", "function", "of", "it", "is", "a", "smoothly", "stitchedfunction", "of", "the", "extended", "logistic", "loss", "with", "the", "famous", "Perceptron", "lossfunction.", "The", "extended", "logistic", "loss", "function", "is", "a", "parameterized", "functionestablished", "based", "on", "the", "extended", "logarithmic", "function", "and", "the", "extendedexponential", "function.", "The", "main", "advantage", "of", "the", "proposed", "Logitronclassification", "model", "is", "that", "it", "shows", "the", "connection", "between", "SVM", "and", "logisticregression", "via", "polynomial", "parameterization", "of", "the", "loss", "function.", "In", "moredetails,", "depending", "on", "the", "choice", "of", "parameters,", "we", "have", "the", "Hinge-Logitronwhich", "has", "the", "generalized", "$k$-th", "order", "hinge-loss", "with", "an", "additional", "$k$-throot", "stabilization", "function", "and", "the", "Logistic-Logitron", "which", "has", "a", "logistic-likeloss", "function", "with", "relatively", "large", "$|k|$.", "Interestingly,", "even", "$k=-1$,Hinge-Logitron", "satisfies", "the", "classification-calibration", "condition", "and", "showsreasonable", "classification", "performance", "with", "low", "computational", "cost.", "Thenumerical", "experiment", "in", "the", "linear", "classifier", "framework", "demonstrates", "thatHinge-Logitron", "with", "$k=4$", "(the", "fourth-order", "SVM", "with", "the", "fourth", "rootstabilization", "function)", "outperforms", "logistic", "regression,", "SVM", ",", "and", "otherLogitron", "models", "in", "terms", "of", "classification", "accuracy." ]
[ 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Semantic", "segmentation", "is", "essentially", "important", "to", "biomedical", "image", "analysis.", "Many", "recent", "works", "mainly", "focus", "on", "integrating", "the", "Fully", "Convolutional", "Network", "(FCN", ")", "architecture", "with", "sophisticated", "convolution", "implementation", "and", "deep", "supervision.", "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "propose", "to", "decompose", "the", "single", "segmentation", "task", "into", "three", "subsequent", "sub-tasks,", "including", "-1", "pixel-wise", "image", "segmentation,", "-2", "prediction", "of", "the", "class", "labels", "of", "the", "objects", "within", "the", "image,", "and", "-3", "classification", "of", "the", "scene", "the", "image", "belonging", "to.", "While", "these", "three", "sub-tasks", "are", "trained", "to", "optimize", "their", "individual", "loss", "functions", "of", "different", "perceptual", "levels,", "we", "propose", "to", "let", "them", "interact", "by", "the", "task-task", "context", "ensemble.", "Moreover,", "we", "propose", "a", "novel", "sync-regularization", "to", "penalize", "the", "deviation", "between", "the", "outputs", "of", "the", "pixel-wise", "segmentation", "and", "the", "class", "prediction", "tasks.", "These", "effective", "regularizations", "help", "FCN", "utilize", "context", "information", "comprehensively", "and", "attain", "accurate", "semantic", "segmentation,", "even", "though", "the", "number", "of", "the", "images", "for", "training", "may", "be", "limited", "in", "many", "biomedical", "applications.", "We", "have", "successfully", "applied", "our", "framework", "to", "three", "diverse", "2D/3D", "medical", "image", "datasets,", "including", "Robotic", "Scene", "Segmentation", "Challenge", "18", "(ROBOT18),", "Brain", "Tumor", "Segmentation", "Challenge", "18", "(BRATS18),", "and", "Retinal", "Fundus", "Glaucoma", "Challenge", "(REFUGE18).", "We", "have", "achieved", "top-tier", "performance", "in", "all", "three", "challenges." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Recent", "advances", "in", "machine", "learning", "(ML)", "and", "computer", "vision", "tools", "have", "enabled", "applications", "in", "a", "wide", "variety", "of", "arenas", "such", "as", "financial", "analytics,", "medical", "diagnostics,", "and", "even", "within", "the", "Department", "of", "Defense.", "However,", "their", "widespread", "implementation", "in", "real-world", "use", "cases", "poses", "several", "challenges:", "-1", "many", "applications", "are", "highly", "specialized,", "and", "hence", "operate", "in", "a", "\\emph{sparse", "data}", "domain;", "-2", "ML", "tools", "are", "sensitive", "to", "their", "training", "sets", "and", "typically", "require", "cumbersome,", "labor-intensive", "data", "collection", "and", "data", "labelling", "processes;", "and", "-3", "ML", "tools", "can", "be", "extremely", "black\tO\nbox,", "offering", "users", "little", "to", "no", "insight", "into", "the", "decision-making", "process", "or", "how", "new", "data", "might", "affect", "prediction", "performance.", "To", "address", "these", "challenges,", "we", "have", "designed", "and", "developed", "Data", "Augmentation", "from", "Proficient", "Pre-Training", "of", "Robust", "Generative", "Adversarial", "Networks", "(DAPPER", "GAN),", "an", "ML", "analytics", "support", "tool", "that", "automatically", "generates", "novel", "views", "of", "training", "images", "in", "order", "to", "improve", "downstream", "classifier", "performance.", "DAPPER", "GAN", "leverages", "high-fidelity", "embeddings", "generated", "by", "a", "StyleGAN2", "model", "(trained", "on", "the", "LSUN", "cars", "dataset)", "to", "create", "novel", "imagery", "for", "previously", "unseen", "classes.", "We", "experimentally", "evaluate", "this", "technique", "on", "the", "Stanford", "Cars", "dataset,", "demonstrating", "improved", "vehicle", "make", "and", "model", "classification", "accuracy", "and", "reduced", "requirements", "for", "real", "data", "using", "our", "GAN", "based", "data", "augmentation", "framework.", "The", "method's", "validity", "was", "supported", "through", "an", "analysis", "of", "classifier", "performance", "on", "both", "augmented", "and", "non-augmented", "datasets,", "achieving", "comparable", "or", "better", "accuracy", "with", "up", "to", "30\\%", "less", "real", "data", "across", "visually", "similar", "classes.", "To", "support", "this", "method,", "we", "developed", "a", "novel", "augmentation", "method", "that", "can", "manipulate", "semantically", "meaningful", "dimensions", "(e.g.,", "orientation)", "of", "the", "target", "object", "in", "the", "embedding", "space." ]
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[ "This", "paper", "is", "a", "brief", "introduction", "to", "our", "submission", "to", "the", "seven", "basic", "expression", "classification", "track", "of", "Affective", "Behavior", "Analysis", "in-the-wild", "Competition", "held", "in", "conjunction", "with", "the", "IEEE", "International", "Conference", "on", "Automatic", "Face", "and", "Gesture", "Recognition", "(FG)", "2020", "Our", "method", "combines", "Deep", "Residual", "Network", "(ResNet)", "and", "Bidirectional", "Long", "Short-Term", "Memory", "Network", "(BLSTM),", "achieving", "64.30%", "accuracy", "and", "43.40%", "final", "metric", "on", "the", "validation", "set." ]
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[ "Accurate", "volume", "segmentation", "from", "the", "Computed", "Tomography", "(CT)", "scan", "is", "a", "common", "prerequisite", "for", "pre-operative", "planning,", "intra-operative", "guidance", "and", "quantitative", "assessment", "of", "therapeutic", "outcomes", "in", "robot-assisted", "Minimally", "Invasive", "Surgery", "(MIS).", "3D", "Deep", "Convolutional", "Neural", "Network", "(DCNN)", "is", "a", "viable", "solution", "for", "this", "task,", "but", "is", "memory", "intensive.", "Small", "isotropic", "patches", "are", "cropped", "from", "the", "original", "and", "large", "CT", "volume", "to", "mitigate", "this", "issue", "in", "practice,", "but", "it", "may", "cause", "discontinuities", "between", "the", "adjacent", "patches", "and", "severe", "class-imbalances", "within", "individual", "sub-volumes.", "This", "paper", "presents", "a", "new", "3D", "DCNN", "framework,", "namely", "Z-Net,", "to", "tackle", "the", "discontinuity", "and", "class-imbalance", "issue", "by", "preserving", "a", "full", "field-of-view", "of", "the", "objects", "in", "the", "XY", "planes", "using", "anisotropic", "spatial", "separable", "convolutions.", "The", "proposed", "Z-Net", "can", "be", "seamlessly", "integrated", "into", "existing", "3D", "DCNNs", "with", "isotropic", "convolutions", "such", "as", "3D", "U-Net", "and", "V-Net,", "with", "improved", "volume", "segmentation", "Intersection", "over", "Union", "(IoU)", "-", "up", "to", "$12.6\\%$.", "Detailed", "validation", "of", "Z-Net", "is", "provided", "for", "CT", "aortic,", "liver", "and", "lung", "segmentation,", "demonstrating", "the", "effectiveness", "and", "practical", "value", "of", "Z-Net", "for", "intra-operative", "3D", "navigation", "in", "robot-assisted", "MIS." ]
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[ "Magnetic", "resonance", "imaging", "(MRI)", "is", "routinely", "used", "for", "brain", "tumor", "diagnosis,", "treatment", "planning,", "and", "post-treatment", "surveillance.", "Recently,", "various", "models", "based", "on", "deep", "neural", "networks", "have", "been", "proposed", "for", "the", "pixel-level", "segmentation", "of", "tumors", "in", "brain", "MRIs.", "However,", "the", "structural", "variations,", "spatial", "dissimilarities,", "and", "intensity", "inhomogeneity", "in", "MRIs", "make", "segmentation", "a", "challenging", "task.", "We", "propose", "a", "new", "end-to-end", "brain", "tumor", "segmentation", "architecture", "based", "on", "U-Net", "that", "integrates", "Inception", "modules", "and", "dilated", "convolutions", "into", "its", "contracting", "and", "expanding", "paths.", "This", "allows", "us", "to", "extract", "local", "structural", "as", "well", "as", "global", "contextual", "information.", "We", "performed", "segmentation", "of", "glioma", "sub-regions,", "including", "tumor", "core,", "enhancing", "tumor,", "and", "whole", "tumor", "using", "Brain", "Tumor", "Segmentation", "(BraTS)", "2018", "dataset.", "Our", "proposed", "model", "performed", "significantly", "better", "than", "the", "state-of-the-art", "U-Net", "#NAME?", "model", "($p<0.05$)", "for", "tumor", "core", "and", "whole", "tumor", "segmentation." ]
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[ "We", "investigate", "using", "the", "PARADISE", "framework", "to", "develop", "predictive", "models", "of", "system", "performance", "in", "our", "spoken", "dialogue", "tutoring", "system", ".", "We", "represent", "performance", "with", "two", "metrics", ":", "user", "satisfaction", "and", "student", "learning", ".", "We", "train", "and", "test", "predictive", "models", "of", "these", "metrics", "in", "our", "tutoring", "system", "corpora", ".", "We", "predict", "user", "satisfaction", "with", "2", "parameter", "types", ":", "1", "-RRB-", "system-generic", ",", "and", "2", "-RRB-", "tutoringspeci", "c.", "To", "predict", "student", "learning", ",", "we", "also", "use", "a", "third", "type", ":", "3", "#NAME?", "affect", ".", "Alhough", "generic", "parameters", "are", "useful", "predictors", "of", "user", "satisfaction", "in", "other", "PARADISE", "applications", ",", "overall", "our", "parameters", "produce", "less", "useful", "user", "satisfaction", "models", "in", "our", "system", ".", "However", ",", "generic", "and", "tutoring-speci", "c", "parameters", "do", "produce", "useful", "models", "of", "student", "learning", "in", "our", "system", ".", "User", "affect", "parameters", "can", "increase", "the", "usefulness", "of", "these", "models", "." ]
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[ "Urban", "autonomous", "driving", "is", "an", "open", "and", "challenging", "problem", "to", "solve", "as", "the", "decision-making", "system", "has", "to", "account", "for", "several", "dynamic", "factors", "like", "multi-agent", "interactions,", "diverse", "scene", "perceptions,", "complex", "road", "geometries,", "and", "other", "rarely", "occurring", "real-world", "events.", "On", "the", "other", "side,", "with", "deep", "reinforcement", "learning", "(DRL)", "techniques,", "agents", "have", "learned", "many", "complex", "policies.", "They", "have", "even", "achieved", "super-human-level", "performances", "in", "various", "Atari", "Games", "and", "Deepmind's", "AlphaGo.", "However,", "current", "DRL", "techniques", "do", "not", "generalize", "well", "on", "complex", "urban", "driving", "scenarios.", "This", "paper", "introduces", "the", "DRL", "driven", "Watch", "and", "Drive", "(WAD)", "agent", "for", "end-to-end", "urban", "autonomous", "driving.", "Motivated", "by", "recent", "advancements,", "the", "study", "aims", "to", "detect", "important", "objects/states", "in", "high", "dimensional", "spaces", "of", "CARLA", "and", "extract", "the", "latent", "state", "from", "them.", "Further,", "passing", "on", "the", "latent", "state", "information", "to", "WAD", "agents", "based", "on", "TD3", "and", "SAC", "methods", "to", "learn", "the", "optimal", "driving", "policy.", "Our", "novel", "approach", "utilizing", "fewer", "resources,", "step-by-step", "learning", "of", "different", "driving", "tasks,", "hard", "episode", "termination", "policy,", "and", "reward", "mechanism", "has", "led", "our", "agents", "to", "achieve", "a", "100%", "success", "rate", "on", "all", "driving", "tasks", "in", "the", "original", "CARLA", "benchmark", "and", "set", "a", "new", "record", "of", "82%", "on", "further", "complex", "NoCrash", "benchmark,", "outperforming", "the", "state-of-the-art", "model", "by", "more", "than", "30%", "on", "NoCrash", "benchmark." ]
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[ "Designing", "effective", "architectures", "is", "one", "of", "the", "key", "factors", "behind", "the", "success", "of", "deep", "neural", "networks.", "Existing", "deep", "architectures", "are", "either", "manually", "designed", "or", "automatically", "searched", "by", "some", "Neural", "Architecture", "Search", "(NAS)", "methods.", "However,", "even", "a", "well-designed/searched", "architecture", "may", "still", "contain", "many", "nonsignificant", "or", "redundant", "modules/operations.", "Thus,", "it", "is", "necessary", "to", "optimize", "the", "operations", "inside", "an", "architecture", "to", "improve", "the", "performance", "without", "introducing", "extra", "computational", "cost.", "To", "this", "end,", "we", "have", "proposed", "a", "Neural", "Architecture", "Transformer", "(NAT)", "method", "which", "casts", "the", "optimization", "problem", "into", "a", "Markov", "Decision", "Process", "(MDP)", "and", "seeks", "to", "replace", "the", "redundant", "operations", "with", "more", "efficient", "operations,", "such", "as", "skip", "or" ]
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[ "connection.", "Note", "that", "NAT", "only", "considers", "a", "small", "number", "of", "possible", "transitions", "and", "thus", "comes", "with", "a", "limited", "search/transition", "space.", "As", "a", "result,", "such", "a", "small", "search", "space", "may", "hamper", "the", "performance", "of", "architecture", "optimization.", "To", "address", "this", "issue,", "we", "propose", "a", "Neural", "Architecture", "Transformer", "++", "(NAT++)", "method", "which", "further", "enlarges", "the", "set", "of", "candidate", "transitions", "to", "improve", "the", "performance", "of", "architecture", "optimization.", "Specifically,", "we", "present", "a", "two-level", "transition", "rule", "to", "obtain", "valid", "transitions,", "i.e.,", "allowing", "operations", "to", "have", "more", "efficient", "types", "(e.g.,", "convolution->separable", "convolution)", "or", "smaller", "kernel", "sizes", "(e.g.,", "5x5->3x3).", "Note", "that", "different", "operations", "may", "have", "different", "valid", "transitions.", "We", "further", "propose", "a", "Binary-Masked", "Softmax", "(BMSoftmax", ")", "layer", "to", "omit", "the", "possible", "invalid", "transitions.", "Extensive", "experiments", "on", "several", "benchmark", "datasets", "show", "that", "the", "transformed", "architecture", "significantly", "outperforms", "both", "its", "original", "counterpart", "and", "the", "architectures", "optimized", "by", "existing", "methods." ]
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[ "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "introduce", "University", "of", "Tsukuba{'}s", "submission", "to", "the", "IWSLT20", "Open", "Domain", "Translation", "Task.", "We", "participate", "in", "both", "Chinese?Japanese", "and", "Japanese?Chinese", "directions.", "For", "both", "directions,", "our", "machine", "translation", "systems", "are", "based", "on", "the", "Transformer", "architecture.", "Several", "techniques", "are", "integrated", "in", "order", "to", "boost", "the", "performance", "of", "our", "models:", "data", "filtering,", "large-scale", "noised", "training,", "model", "ensemble,", "reranking", "and", "postprocessing.", "Consequently,", "our", "efforts", "achieve", "33", "BLEU", "scores", "for", "Chinese?Japanese", "translation", "and", "32.3", "BLEU", "scores", "for", "Japanese?Chinese", "translation." ]
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[ "In", "this", "paper", "we", "present", "a", "system", "based", "on", "SVM", "ensembles", "trained", "oncharacters", "and", "words", "to", "discriminate", "between", "five", "similar", "languages", "of", "theIndo-Aryan", "family:", "Hindi,", "Braj", "Bhasha,", "Awadhi,", "Bhojpuri,", "and", "Magahi.", "Weinvestigate", "the", "performance", "of", "individual", "features", "and", "combine", "the", "output", "ofsingle", "classifiers", "to", "maximize", "performance.", "The", "system", "competed", "in", "theIndo-Aryan", "Language", "Identification", "(ILI)", "shared", "task", "organized", "within", "theVarDial", "Evaluation", "Campaign", "2018", "Our", "best", "entry", "in", "the", "competition,", "namedILIdentification,", "scored", "88:95%", "F1", "score", "and", "it", "was", "ranked", "3rd", "out", "of", "8", "teams." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Model", "compression", "is", "a", "critical", "technique", "to", "efficiently", "deploy", "neuralnetwork", "models", "on", "mobile", "devices", "which", "have", "limited", "computation", "resources", "andtight", "power", "budgets.", "Conventional", "model", "compression", "techniques", "rely", "onhand-crafted", "heuristics", "and", "rule-based", "policies", "that", "require", "domain", "experts", "toexplore", "the", "large", "design", "space", "trading", "off", "among", "model", "size,", "speed,", "andaccuracy,", "which", "is", "usually", "sub-optimal", "and", "time-consuming.", "In", "this", "paper,", "wepropose", "AutoML", "for", "Model", "Compression", "(AMC)", "which", "leverage", "reinforcementlearning", "to", "provide", "the", "model", "compression", "policy.", "This", "learning-basedcompression", "policy", "outperforms", "conventional", "rule-based", "compression", "policy", "byhaving", "higher", "compression", "ratio,", "better", "preserving", "the", "accuracy", "and", "freeinghuman", "labor.", "Under", "4x", "FLOPs", "reduction,", "we", "achieved", "2.70%", "better", "accuracy", "thanthe", "handcrafted", "model", "compression", "policy", "for", "VGG-16", "on", "ImageNet.", "We", "appliedthis", "automated,", "push-the-button", "compression", "pipeline", "to", "MobileNet", "and", "achieved1.81x", "speedup", "of", "measured", "inference", "latency", "on", "an", "Android", "phone", "and", "1.43xspeedup", "on", "the", "Titan", "XP", "GPU,", "with", "only", "0.10%", "loss", "of", "ImageNet", "Top-1", "accuracy." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "In", "this", "technical", "report,", "we", "present", "our", "solutions", "of", "Waymo", "Open", "Dataset", "(WOD)", "Challenge", "2020", "-", "2D", "Object", "Track.", "We", "adopt", "FPN", "as", "our", "basic", "framework.", "Cascade", "RCNN,", "stacked", "PAFPN", "Neck", "and", "Double-Head", "are", "used", "for", "performance", "improvements.", "In", "order", "to", "handle", "the", "small", "object", "detection", "problem", "in", "WOD,", "we", "use", "very", "large", "image", "scales", "for", "both", "training", "and", "testing.", "Using", "our", "methods,", "our", "team", "RW-TSDet", "achieved", "the", "1st", "place", "in", "the", "2D", "Object", "Detection", "Track." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 5, 3, 6 ]
[ "Inspired", "by", "the", "strong", "correlation", "between", "the", "Label", "Smoothing", "Regularization(LSR)", "and", "Knowledge", "distillation(KD),", "we", "propose", "an", "algorithm", "LsrKD", "for", "training", "boost", "by", "extending", "the", "LSR", "method", "to", "the", "KD", "regime", "and", "applying", "a", "softer", "temperature.", "Then", "we", "improve", "the", "LsrKD", "by", "a", "Teacher", "Correction(TC)", "method,", "which", "manually", "sets", "a", "constant", "larger", "proportion", "for", "the", "right", "class", "in", "the", "uniform", "distribution", "teacher.", "To", "further", "improve", "the", "performance", "of", "LsrKD,", "we", "develop", "a", "self-distillation", "method", "named", "Memory-replay", "Knowledge", "Distillation", "(MrKD)", "that", "provides", "a", "knowledgeable", "teacher", "to", "replace", "the", "uniform", "distribution", "one", "in", "LsrKD.", "The", "MrKD", "method", "penalizes", "the", "KD", "loss", "between", "the", "current", "model's", "output", "distributions", "and", "its", "copies'", "on", "the", "training", "trajectory.", "By", "preventing", "the", "model", "learning", "so", "far", "from", "its", "historical", "output", "distribution", "space,", "MrKD", "can", "stabilize", "the", "learning", "and", "find", "a", "more", "robust", "minimum.", "Our", "experiments", "show", "that", "LsrKD", "can", "improve", "LSR", "performance", "consistently", "at", "no", "cost,", "especially", "on", "several", "deep", "neural", "networks", "where", "LSR", "is", "ineffectual.", "Also,", "MrKD", "can", "significantly", "improve", "single", "model", "training.", "The", "experiment", "results", "confirm", "that", "the", "TC", "can", "help", "LsrKD", "and", "MrKD", "to", "boost", "training,", "especially", "on", "the", "networks", "they", "are", "failed.", "Overall,", "LsrKD,", "MrKD,", "and", "their", "TC", "variants", "are", "comparable", "to", "or", "outperform", "the", "LSR", "method,", "suggesting", "the", "broad", "applicability", "of", "these", "KD", "methods." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 2, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "define", "the", "term", "'DigitalExposome'", "as", "a", "conceptual", "framework", "that", "takes", "us", "closer", "towards", "understanding", "the", "relationship", "between", "environment,", "personal", "characteristics,", "behaviour", "and", "wellbeing", "using", "multimodel", "mobile", "sensing", "technology.", "Specifically,", "we", "simultaneously", "collected", "(for", "the", "first", "time)", "multi-sensor", "data", "including", "urban", "environmental", "factors", "(e.g.", "air", "pollution", "including:", "PM1,", "PM2.5,", "PM10,", "Oxidised,", "Reduced,", "NH3", "and", "Noise,", "People", "Count", "in", "the", "vicinity),", "body", "reaction", "(physiological", "reactions", "including:", "EDA,", "HR,", "HRV,", "Body", "Temperature,", "BVP", "and", "movement)", "and", "individuals'", "perceived", "responses", "(e.g.", "self-reported", "valence)", "in", "urban", "settings.", "Our", "users", "followed", "a", "pre-specified", "urban", "path", "and", "collected", "the", "data", "using", "a", "comprehensive", "sensing", "edge", "devices.", "The", "data", "is", "instantly", "fused,", "time-stamped", "and", "geo-tagged", "at", "the", "point", "of", "collection.", "A", "range", "of", "multivariate", "statistical", "analysis", "techniques", "have", "been", "applied", "including", "Principle", "Component", "Analysis,", "Regression", "and", "spatial", "visualisations", "to", "unravel", "the", "relationship", "between", "the", "variables.", "Results", "showed", "that", "EDA", "and", "Heart", "Rate", "Variability", "HRV", "are", "noticeably", "impacted", "by", "the", "level", "of", "Particulate", "Matters", "(PM)", "in", "the", "environment", "well", "with", "the", "environmental", "variables.", "Furthermore,", "we", "adopted", "Deep", "Belief", "Network", "to", "extract", "features", "from", "the", "multimodel", "data", "feed", "which", "outperformed", "Convolutional", "Neural", "Network", "and", "achieved", "up", "to", "(a=80.8%,", "{\\sigma}=0.001)", "accuracy." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 4, 2, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Blind", "face", "restoration", "usually", "relies", "on", "facial", "priors,", "such", "as", "facial", "geometry", "prior", "or", "reference", "prior,", "to", "restore", "realistic", "and", "faithful", "details.", "However,", "very", "low-quality", "inputs", "cannot", "offer", "accurate", "geometric", "prior", "while", "high-quality", "references", "are", "inaccessible,", "limiting", "the", "applicability", "in", "real-world", "scenarios.", "In", "this", "work,", "we", "propose", "GFP-GAN", "that", "leverages", "rich", "and", "diverse", "priors", "encapsulated", "in", "a", "pretrained", "face", "GAN", "for", "blind", "face", "restoration.", "This", "Generative", "Facial", "Prior", "(GFP)", "is", "incorporated", "into", "the", "face", "restoration", "process", "via", "novel", "channel-split", "spatial", "feature", "transform", "layers,", "which", "allow", "our", "method", "to", "achieve", "a", "good", "balance", "of", "realness", "and", "fidelity.", "Thanks", "to", "the", "powerful", "generative", "facial", "prior", "and", "delicate", "designs,", "our", "GFP-GAN", "could", "jointly", "restore", "facial", "details", "and", "enhance", "colors", "with", "just", "a", "single", "forward", "pass,", "while", "GAN", "inversion", "methods", "require", "expensive", "image-specific", "optimization", "at", "inference.", "Extensive", "experiments", "show", "that", "our", "method", "achieves", "superior", "performance", "to", "prior", "art", "on", "both", "synthetic", "and", "real-world", "datasets." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "In", "this", "paper", ",", "we", "demonstrate", "how", "to", "extend", "TimeML", ",", "a", "rich", "specification", "language", "for", "event", "and", "temporal", "expressions", "in", "text", ",", "with", "the", "implicit", "typical", "durations", "of", "events", ",", "temporal", "information", "in", "text", "that", "has", "hitherto", "been", "largely", "unexploited", ".", "Event", "duration", "information", "can", "be", "very", "important", "in", "applications", "in", "which", "the", "time", "course", "of", "events", "is", "to", "be", "extracted", "from", "text", ".", "For", "example", ",", "whether", "two", "events", "overlap", "or", "are", "in", "sequence", "often", "depends", "very", "much", "on", "their", "durations", "." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 5, 5, 5, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 5, 3, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Distantly-supervised", "Relation", "Extraction", "(RE)", "methods", "train", "an", "extractor", "byautomatically", "aligning", "relation", "instances", "in", "a", "Knowledge", "Base", "(KB)", "withunstructured", "text.", "In", "addition", "to", "relation", "instances,", "KBs", "often", "contain", "otherrelevant", "side", "information,", "such", "as", "aliases", "of", "relations", "(e.g.,", "founded", "andco-founded", "are", "aliases", "for", "the", "relation", "founderOfCompany).", "RE", "models", "usuallyignore", "such", "readily", "available", "side", "information.", "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "proposeRESIDE,", "a", "distantly-supervised", "neural", "relation", "extraction", "method", "which", "utilizesadditional", "side", "information", "from", "KBs", "for", "improved", "relation", "extraction.", "It", "usesentity", "type", "and", "relation", "alias", "information", "for", "imposing", "soft", "constraints", "whilepredicting", "relations.", "RESIDE", "employs", "Graph", "Convolution", "Networks", "(GCN)", "to", "encodesyntactic", "information", "from", "text", "and", "improves", "performance", "even", "when", "limited", "sideinformation", "is", "available.", "Through", "extensive", "experiments", "on", "benchmark", "datasets,we", "demonstrate", "RESIDE's", "effectiveness.", "We", "have", "made", "RESIDE's", "source", "codeavailable", "to", "encourage", "reproducible", "research." ]
[ 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Dementia", "is", "a", "syndrome", "characterised", "by", "the", "decline", "of", "different", "cognitiveabilities.", "Alzheimer's", "Disease", "(AD)", "is", "the", "most", "common", "dementia", "affectingcognitive", "domains", "such", "as", "memory", "and", "learning,", "perceptual-motion", "or", "executivefunction.", "High", "rate", "of", "deaths", "and", "high", "cost", "for", "detection,", "treatments", "andpatient's", "care", "count", "amongst", "its", "consequences.", "Early", "detection", "of", "AD", "isconsidered", "of", "high", "importance", "for", "improving", "the", "quality", "of", "life", "of", "patients", "andtheir", "families.", "The", "aim", "of", "this", "thesis", "is", "to", "introduce", "novel", "non-invasive", "earlydiagnosis", "methods", "in", "order", "to", "speed", "the", "diagnosis,", "reduce", "the", "associated", "costsand", "make", "them", "widely", "accessible.", "Novel", "AD's", "screening", "tests", "based", "on", "virtualenvironments", "using", "new", "immersive", "technologies", "combined", "with", "advanced", "HumanComputer", "Interaction", "(HCI)", "systems", "are", "introduced.", "Four", "tests", "demonstrate", "thewide", "range", "of", "screening", "mechanisms", "based", "on", "cognitive", "domain", "impairments", "thatcan", "be", "designed", "using", "virtual", "environments.", "The", "use", "of", "emotion", "recognition", "toanalyse", "AD", "symptoms", "has", "been", "also", "proposed.", "A", "novel", "multimodal", "dataset", "wasspecifically", "created", "to", "remark", "the", "autobiographical", "memory", "deficits", "of", "ADpatients.", "Data", "from", "this", "dataset", "is", "used", "to", "introduce", "novel", "descriptors", "forElectroencephalogram", "(EEG", ")", "and", "facial", "images", "data.", "EEG", "features", "are", "based", "onquaternions", "in", "order", "to", "keep", "the", "correlation", "information", "between", "sensors,whereas,", "for", "facial", "expression", "recognition,", "a", "preprocessing", "method", "for", "motionmagnification", "and", "descriptors", "based", "on", "origami", "crease", "pattern", "algorithm", "areproposed", "to", "enhance", "facial", "micro-expressions.", "These", "features", "have", "been", "provedon", "classifiers", "such", "as", "SVM", "and", "Adaboost", "for", "the", "classification", "of", "reactions", "toautobiographical", "stimuli", "such", "as", "long", "and", "short", "term", "memories." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Neural", "Machine", "Translation", "(NMT)", "is", "an", "end-to-end", "learning", "approach", "forautomated", "translation,", "with", "the", "potential", "to", "overcome", "many", "of", "the", "weaknesses", "ofconventional", "phrase-based", "translation", "systems.", "Unfortunately,", "NMT", "systems", "areknown", "to", "be", "computationally", "expensive", "both", "in", "training", "and", "in", "translationinference.", "Also,", "most", "NMT", "systems", "have", "difficulty", "with", "rare", "words.", "These", "issueshave", "hindered", "NMT's", "use", "in", "practical", "deployments", "and", "services,", "where", "bothaccuracy", "and", "speed", "are", "essential.", "In", "this", "work,", "we", "present", "GNMT,", "Google'sNeural", "Machine", "Translation", "system,", "which", "attempts", "to", "address", "many", "of", "theseissues.", "Our", "model", "consists", "of", "a", "deep", "LSTM", "network", "with", "8", "encoder", "and", "8", "decoderlayers", "using", "attention", "and", "residual", "connections.", "To", "improve", "parallelism", "andtherefore", "decrease", "training", "time,", "our", "attention", "mechanism", "connects", "the", "bottomlayer", "of", "the", "decoder", "to", "the", "top", "layer", "of", "the", "encoder.", "To", "accelerate", "the", "finaltranslation", "speed,", "we", "employ", "low-precision", "arithmetic", "during", "inferencecomputations.", "To", "improve", "handling", "of", "rare", "words,", "we", "divide", "words", "into", "a", "limitedset", "of", "common", "sub-word", "units", "(\"wordpieces\")", "for", "both", "input", "and", "output.", "Thismethod", "provides", "a", "good", "balance", "between", "the", "flexibility", "of", "character-delimitedmodels", "and", "the", "efficiency", "of", "word-delimited", "models,", "naturally", "handlestranslation", "of", "rare", "words,", "and", "ultimately", "improves", "the", "overall", "accuracy", "of", "thesystem.", "Our", "beam", "search", "technique", "employs", "a", "length-normalization", "procedure", "anduses", "a", "coverage", "penalty,", "which", "encourages", "generation", "of", "an", "output", "sentence", "thatis", "most", "likely", "to", "cover", "all", "the", "words", "in", "the", "source", "sentence.", "On", "the", "WMT'14English-to-French", "and", "English-to-German", "benchmarks,", "GNMT", "achieves", "competitiveresults", "to", "state-of-the-art.", "Using", "a", "human", "side-by-side", "evaluation", "on", "a", "set", "ofisolated", "simple", "sentences,", "it", "reduces", "translation", "errors", "by", "an", "average", "of", "60%compared", "to", "Google's", "phrase-based", "production", "system." ]
[ 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "The", "ability", "of", "transformers", "to", "perform", "precision", "tasks", "such", "as", "question", "answering,", "Natural", "Language", "Inference", "(NLI)", "or", "summarising,", "have", "enabled", "them", "to", "be", "ranked", "as", "one", "of", "the", "best", "paradigm", "to", "address", "Natural", "Language", "Processing", "(NLP)", "tasks.", "NLI", "is", "one", "of", "the", "best", "scenarios", "to", "test", "these", "architectures,", "due", "to", "the", "knowledge", "required", "to", "understand", "complex", "sentences", "and", "established", "relationships", "between", "a", "hypothesis", "and", "a", "premise.", "Nevertheless,", "these", "models", "suffer", "from", "incapacity", "to", "generalise", "to", "other", "domains", "or", "difficulties", "to", "face", "multilingual", "and", "interlingual", "scenarios.", "The", "leading", "pathway", "in", "the", "literature", "to", "address", "these", "issues", "involve", "designing", "and", "training", "extremely", "large", "architectures,", "which", "leads", "to", "unpredictable", "behaviours", "and", "to", "establish", "barriers", "which", "impede", "broad", "access", "and", "fine", "tuning.", "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "propose", "a", "new", "architecture", "called", "Siamese", "Inter-Lingual", "Transformer", "(SILT),", "to", "efficiently", "align", "multilingual", "embeddings", "for", "Natural", "Language", "Inference", ",", "allowing", "for", "unmatched", "language", "pairs", "to", "be", "processed.", "SILT", "leverages", "siamese", "pre-trained", "multi-lingual", "transformers", "with", "frozen", "weights", "where", "the", "two", "input", "sentences", "attend", "each", "other", "to", "later", "be", "combined", "through", "a", "matrix", "alignment", "method.", "The", "experimental", "results", "carried", "out", "in", "this", "paper", "evidence", "that", "SILT", "allows", "to", "reduce", "drastically", "the", "number", "of", "trainable", "parameters", "while", "allowing", "for", "inter-lingual", "NLI", "and", "achieving", "state-of-the-art", "performance", "on", "common", "benchmarks.", "We", "make", "our", "code", "and", "dataset", "available", "at", "https://github.com/jahuerta92/siamese-inter-lingual-transformer." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "This", "study", "presents", "a", "new", "methodology", "to", "search", "sign", "language", "lexica,", "using", "a", "full", "sign", "as", "input", "for", "a", "query.", "Thus,", "a", "dictionary", "user", "can", "look", "up", "information", "about", "a", "sign", "by", "signing", "the", "sign", "to", "a", "webcam.", "The", "recorded", "sign", "is", "then", "compared", "to", "potential", "matching", "signs", "in", "the", "lexicon.", "As", "such,", "it", "provides", "a", "new", "way", "of", "searching", "sign", "language", "dictionaries", "to", "complement", "existing", "methods", "based", "on", "(spoken", "language)", "glosses", "or", "phonological", "features,", "like", "handshape", "or", "location.", "The", "method", "utilizes", "OpenPose", "to", "extract", "the", "body", "and", "finger", "joint", "positions.", "Dynamic", "Time", "Warping", "(DTW", ")", "is", "used", "to", "quantify", "the", "variation", "of", "the", "trajectory", "of", "the", "dominant", "hand", "and", "the", "average", "trajectories", "of", "the", "fingers.", "Ten", "people", "with", "various", "degrees", "of", "sign", "language", "proficiency", "have", "participated", "in", "this", "study.", "Each", "subject", "viewed", "a", "set", "of", "20", "signs", "from", "the", "newly", "compiled", "Ghanaian", "sign", "language", "lexicon", "and", "was", "asked", "to", "replicate", "the", "signs.", "The", "results", "show", "that", "DTW", "can", "predict", "the", "matching", "sign", "with", "87{\\%}", "and", "74{\\%}", "accuracy", "at", "the", "Top-10", "and", "Top-5", "ranking", "level", "respectively", "by", "using", "only", "the", "trajectory", "of", "the", "dominant", "hand.", "Additionally,", "more", "proficient", "signers", "obtain", "90{\\%}", "accuracy", "at", "the", "Top-10", "ranking.", "The", "methodology", "has", "the", "potential", "to", "be", "used", "also", "as", "a", "variation", "measurement", "tool", "to", "quantify", "the", "difference", "in", "signing", "between", "different", "signers", "or", "sign", "languages", "in", "general." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 5, 3, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Federated", "Learning", "is", "a", "powerful", "machine", "learning", "paradigm", "to", "cooperatively", "train", "a", "global", "model", "with", "highly", "distributed", "data.", "A", "major", "bottleneck", "on", "the", "performance", "of", "distributed", "Stochastic", "Gradient", "Descent", "(SGD", ")", "algorithm", "for", "large-scale", "Federated", "Learning", "is", "the", "communication", "overhead", "on", "pushing", "local", "gradients", "and", "pulling", "global", "model.", "In", "this", "paper,", "to", "reduce", "the", "communication", "complexity", "of", "Federated", "Learning", ",", "a", "novel", "approach", "named", "Pulling", "Reduction", "with", "Local", "Compensation", "(PRLC)", "is", "proposed.", "Specifically,", "each", "training", "node", "intermittently", "pulls", "the", "global", "model", "from", "the", "server", "in", "SGD", "iterations,", "resulting", "in", "that", "it", "is", "sometimes", "unsynchronized", "with", "the", "server.", "In", "such", "a", "case,", "it", "will", "use", "its", "local", "update", "to", "compensate", "the", "gap", "between", "the", "local", "model", "and", "the", "global", "model.", "Our", "rigorous", "theoretical", "analysis", "of", "PRLC", "achieves", "two", "important", "findings.", "First,", "we", "prove", "that", "the", "convergence", "rate", "of", "PRLC", "preserves", "the", "same", "order", "as", "the", "classical", "synchronous", "SGD", "for", "both", "strongly-convex", "and", "non-convex", "cases", "with", "good", "scalability", "due", "to", "the", "linear", "speedup", "with", "respect", "to", "the", "number", "of", "training", "nodes.", "Second,", "we", "show", "that", "PRLC", "admits", "lower", "pulling", "frequency", "than", "the", "existing", "pulling", "reduction", "method", "without", "local", "compensation.", "We", "also", "conduct", "extensive", "experiments", "on", "various", "machine", "learning", "models", "to", "validate", "our", "theoretical", "results.", "Experimental", "results", "show", "that", "our", "approach", "achieves", "a", "significant", "pulling", "reduction", "over", "the", "state-of-the-art", "methods,", "e.g.,", "PRLC", "requiring", "only", "half", "of", "the", "pulling", "operations", "of", "LAG." ]
[ 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "We", "present", "our", "third", "place", "solution", "to", "the", "Google", "Landmark", "Recognition", "2020", "competition.", "It", "is", "an", "ensemble", "of", "global", "features", "only", "Sub-center", "ArcFace", "models.", "We", "introduce", "dynamic", "margins", "for", "ArcFace", "loss,", "a", "family", "of", "tune-able", "margin", "functions", "of", "class", "size,", "designed", "to", "deal", "with", "the", "extreme", "imbalance", "in", "GLDv2", "dataset.", "Progressive", "finetuning", "and", "careful", "postprocessing", "are", "also", "key", "to", "the", "solution.", "Our", "two", "submissions", "scored", "0.6344", "and", "0.6289", "on", "private", "leaderboard,", "both", "ranking", "third", "place", "out", "of", "736", "teams." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "This", "paper", "describes", "our", "contribution", "to", "the", "WASSA", "2021", "shared", "task", "on", "Empathy", "Prediction", "and", "Emotion", "Classification", ".", "The", "broad", "goal", "of", "this", "task", "was", "to", "model", "an", "empathy", "score,", "a", "distress", "score", "and", "the", "overall", "level", "of", "emotion", "of", "an", "essay", "written", "in", "response", "to", "a", "newspaper", "article", "associated", "with", "harm", "to", "someone.", "We", "have", "used", "the", "ELECTRA", "model", "abundantly", "and", "also", "advanced", "deep", "learning", "approaches", "like", "multi-task", "learning.", "Additionally,", "we", "also", "leveraged", "standard", "machine", "learning", "techniques", "like", "ensembling.", "Our", "system", "achieves", "a", "Pearson", "Correlation", "Coefficient", "of", "0.533", "on", "sub-task", "I", "and", "a", "macro", "F1", "score", "of", "0.5528", "on", "sub-task", "II.", "We", "ranked", "1st", "in", "Emotion", "Classification", "sub-task", "and", "3rd", "in", "Empathy", "Prediction", "sub-task" ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "propose", "Shallow", "Aggressive", "Decoding", "(SAD)", "to", "improve", "the", "online", "inference", "efficiency", "of", "the", "Transformer", "for", "instantaneous", "Grammatical", "Error", "Correction", "(GEC).", "SAD", "optimizes", "the", "online", "inference", "efficiency", "for", "GEC", "by", "two", "innovations:", "1)", "it", "aggressively", "decodes", "as", "many", "tokens", "as", "possible", "in", "parallel", "instead", "of", "always", "decoding", "only", "one", "token", "in", "each", "step", "to", "improve", "computational", "parallelism;", "2)", "it", "uses", "a", "shallow", "decoder", "instead", "of", "the", "conventional", "Transformer", "architecture", "with", "balanced", "encoder-decoder", "depth", "to", "reduce", "the", "computational", "cost", "during", "inference.", "Experiments", "in", "both", "English", "and", "Chinese", "GEC", "benchmarks", "show", "that", "aggressive", "decoding", "could", "yield", "the", "same", "predictions", "as", "greedy", "decoding", "but", "with", "a", "significant", "speedup", "for", "online", "inference.", "Its", "combination", "with", "the", "shallow", "decoder", "could", "offer", "an", "even", "higher", "online", "inference", "speedup", "over", "the", "powerful", "Transformer", "baseline", "without", "quality", "loss.", "Not", "only", "does", "our", "approach", "allow", "a", "single", "model", "to", "achieve", "the", "state-of-the-art", "results", "in", "English", "GEC", "benchmarks:", "66.4", "F0.5", "in", "the", "CoNLL-14", "and", "72.9", "F0.5", "in", "the", "BEA-19", "test", "set", "with", "an", "almost", "10x", "online", "inference", "speedup", "over", "the", "Transformer", "#NAME?", "model,", "but", "also", "it", "is", "easily", "adapted", "to", "other", "languages.", "Our", "code", "is", "available", "at", "https://github.com/AutoTemp/Shallow-Aggressive-Decoding." ]
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[ "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "establish", "the", "ordinary", "differential", "equation", "(ODE)", "that", "underlies", "the", "training", "dynamics", "of", "Model-Agnostic", "Meta-Learning", "(MAML", ").", "Our", "continuous-time", "limit", "view", "of", "the", "process", "eliminates", "the", "influence", "of", "the", "manually", "chosen", "step", "size", "of", "gradient", "descent", "and", "includes", "the", "existing", "gradient", "descent", "training", "algorithm", "as", "a", "special", "case", "that", "results", "from", "a", "specific", "discretization.", "We", "show", "that", "the", "MAML", "ODE", "enjoys", "a", "linear", "convergence", "rate", "to", "an", "approximate", "stationary", "point", "of", "the", "MAML", "loss", "function", "for", "strongly", "convex", "task", "losses,", "even", "when", "the", "corresponding", "MAML", "loss", "is", "non-convex.", "Moreover,", "through", "the", "analysis", "of", "the", "MAML", "ODE,", "we", "propose", "a", "new", "BI-MAML", "training", "algorithm", "that", "significantly", "reduces", "the", "computational", "burden", "associated", "with", "existing", "MAML", "training", "methods.", "To", "complement", "our", "theoretical", "findings,", "we", "perform", "empirical", "experiments", "to", "showcase", "the", "superiority", "of", "our", "proposed", "methods", "with", "respect", "to", "the", "existing", "work." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "We", "present", "a", "new", "method", "for", "discovering", "a", "segmental", "discourse", "structure", "of", "a", "document", "while", "categorizing", "each", "segment", "'s", "function", "and", "importance", ".", "Segments", "are", "determined", "by", "a", "zero-sum", "weighting", "scheme", ",", "used", "on", "occurrences", "of", "noun", "phrases", "and", "pronominal", "forms", "retrieved", "from", "the", "document", ".", "Segment", "roles", "are", "then", "calculated", "from", "the", "distribution", "of", "the", "terms", "in", "the", "segment", ".", "Finally", ",", "we", "present", "results", "of", "evaluation", "in", "terms", "of", "precision", "and", "recall", "which", "surpass", "earlier", "approaches", "'", "." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 2, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 0, 4, 4, 4, 2, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "The", "U-Net", "is", "arguably", "the", "most", "successful", "segmentation", "architecture", "in", "the", "medical", "domain.", "Here", "we", "apply", "a", "3D", "U-Net", "to", "the", "2019", "Kidney", "and", "Kidney", "Tumor", "Segmentation", "Challenge", "and", "attempt", "to", "improve", "upon", "it", "by", "augmenting", "it", "with", "residual", "and", "pre-activation", "residual", "blocks.", "Cross-validation", "results", "on", "the", "training", "cases", "suggest", "only", "very", "minor,", "barely", "measurable", "improvements.", "Due", "to", "marginally", "higher", "dice", "scores,", "the", "residual", "3D", "U-Net", "is", "chosen", "for", "test", "set", "prediction.", "With", "a", "Composite", "Dice", "score", "of", "91.23", "on", "the", "test", "set,", "our", "method", "outperformed", "all", "105", "competing", "teams", "and", "won", "the", "KiTS2019", "challenge", "by", "a", "small", "margin." ]
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[ "This", "paper", "demonstrates", "the", "predictive", "superiority", "of", "discrete", "wavelet", "transform", "(DWT)", "over", "previously", "used", "methods", "of", "feature", "extraction", "in", "the", "diagnosis", "of", "epileptic", "seizures", "from", "EEG", "data.", "Classification", "accuracy,", "specificity,", "and", "sensitivity", "are", "used", "as", "evaluation", "metrics.", "We", "specifically", "show", "the", "immense", "potential", "of", "2", "combinations", "(DWT-db4", "combined", "with", "SVM", "and", "DWT-db2", "combined", "with", "RF)", "as", "compared", "to", "others", "when", "it", "comes", "to", "diagnosing", "epileptic", "seizures", "either", "in", "the", "balanced", "or", "the", "imbalanced", "dataset.", "The", "results", "also", "highlight", "that", "MFCC", "performs", "less", "than", "all", "the", "DWT", "used", "in", "this", "study", "and", "that,", "The", "mean-differences", "are", "statistically", "significant", "respectively", "in", "the", "imbalanced", "and", "balanced", "dataset.", "Finally,", "either", "in", "the", "balanced", "or", "the", "imbalanced", "dataset,", "the", "feature", "extraction", "techniques,", "the", "models,", "and", "the", "interaction", "between", "them", "have", "a", "statistically", "significant", "effect", "on", "the", "classification", "accuracy." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Question", "answering", "(QA)", "over", "a", "knowledge", "graph", "(KG)", "is", "a", "task", "of", "answering", "a", "natural", "language", "(NL)", "query", "using", "the", "information", "stored", "in", "KG.", "In", "a", "real-world", "industrial", "setting,", "this", "involves", "addressing", "multiple", "challenges", "including", "entity", "linking,", "multi-hop", "reasoning", "over", "KG,", "etc.", "Traditional", "approaches", "handle", "these", "challenges", "in", "a", "modularized", "sequential", "manner", "where", "errors", "in", "one", "module", "lead", "to", "the", "accumulation", "of", "errors", "in", "downstream", "modules.", "Often", "these", "challenges", "are", "inter-related", "and", "the", "solutions", "to", "them", "can", "reinforce", "each", "other", "when", "handled", "simultaneously", "in", "an", "end-to-end", "learning", "setup.", "To", "this", "end,", "we", "propose", "a", "multi-task", "BERT", "based", "Neural", "Machine", "Translation", "(NMT)", "model", "to", "address", "these", "challenges.", "Through", "experimental", "analysis,", "we", "demonstrate", "the", "efficacy", "of", "our", "proposed", "approach", "on", "one", "publicly", "available", "and", "one", "proprietary", "dataset." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Electroencephalographic", "(EEG", ")", "recordings", "are", "often", "contaminated", "by", "electromyographic", "(EMG)", "artifacts,", "especially", "when", "recording", "during", "movement.", "Existing", "methods", "to", "remove", "EMG", "artifacts", "include", "independent", "component", "analysis", "(ICA", "),", "and", "other", "high-order", "statistical", "methods.", "However,", "these", "methods", "can", "not", "effectively", "remove", "most", "of", "EMG", "artifacts.", "Here,", "we", "proposed", "a", "modified", "ICA", "model", "for", "EMG", "artifacts", "removal", "in", "the", "EEG", ",", "which", "is", "called", "EMG", "Removal", "by", "Adding", "Sources", "of", "EMG", "(ERASE).", "In", "this", "new", "approach,", "additional", "channels", "of", "real", "EMG", "from", "neck", "and", "head", "muscles", "(reference", "artifacts)", "were", "added", "as", "inputs", "to", "ICA", "in", "order", "to", "force", "the", "most", "power", "from", "EMG", "artifacts", "into", "a", "few", "independent", "components", "(ICs).", "The", "ICs", "containing", "EMG", "artifacts", "(the", "artifact\tO\nICs)", "were", "identified", "and", "rejected", "using", "an", "automated", "procedure.", "Simulation", "results", "showed", "ERASE", "removed", "EMG", "artifacts", "from", "EEG", "significantly", "more", "effectively", "than", "conventional", "ICA", ".", "Subsequently,", "EEG", "was", "collected", "from", "8", "healthy", "participants", "while", "they", "moved", "their", "hands", "to", "test", "the", "realistic", "efficacy", "of", "this", "approach.", "Results", "showed", "that", "ERASE", "successfully", "removed", "EMG", "artifacts", "(on", "average,", "about", "75%", "of", "EMG", "artifacts", "were", "removed", "when", "using", "real", "EMGs", "as", "reference", "artifacts)", "while", "preserving", "the", "expected", "EEG", "features", "related", "to", "movement.", "We", "also", "tested", "the", "ERASE", "procedure", "using", "simulated", "EMGs", "as", "reference", "artifacts", "(about", "63%", "of", "EMG", "artifacts", "removed).", "Compared", "to", "conventional", "ICA", ",", "ERASE", "removed", "on", "average", "26%", "more", "EMG", "artifacts", "from", "EEG", ".", "These", "results", "indicate", "that", "using", "additional", "real", "or", "simulated", "EMG", "sources", "can", "increase", "the", "effectiveness", "of", "ICA", "in", "removing", "EMG", "artifacts", "from", "EEG", ".", "Combined", "with", "automated", "artifact", "IC", "rejection,", "ERASE", "also", "minimizes", "potential", "user", "bias." ]
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[ "Recent", "progress", "in", "Natural", "Language", "Understanding", "(NLU)", "is", "driving", "fast-paced", "advances", "in", "Information", "Retrieval", "(IR),", "largely", "owed", "to", "fine-tuning", "deep", "language", "models", "(LMs)", "for", "document", "ranking.", "While", "remarkably", "effective,", "the", "ranking", "models", "based", "on", "these", "LMs", "increase", "computational", "cost", "by", "orders", "of", "magnitude", "over", "prior", "approaches,", "particularly", "as", "they", "must", "feed", "each", "query-document", "pair", "through", "a", "massive", "neural", "network", "to", "compute", "a", "single", "relevance", "score.", "To", "tackle", "this,", "we", "present", "ColBERT", ",", "a", "novel", "ranking", "model", "that", "adapts", "deep", "LMs", "(in", "particular,", "BERT", ")", "for", "efficient", "retrieval.", "ColBERT", "introduces", "a", "late", "interaction", "architecture", "that", "independently", "encodes", "the", "query", "and", "the", "document", "using", "BERT", "and", "then", "employs", "a", "cheap", "yet", "powerful", "interaction", "step", "that", "models", "their", "fine-grained", "similarity.", "By", "delaying", "and", "yet", "retaining", "this", "fine-granular", "interaction,", "ColBERT", "can", "leverage", "the", "expressiveness", "of", "deep", "LMs", "while", "simultaneously", "gaining", "the", "ability", "to", "pre-compute", "document", "representations", "offline,", "considerably", "speeding", "up", "query", "processing.", "Beyond", "reducing", "the", "cost", "of", "re-ranking", "the", "documents", "retrieved", "by", "a", "traditional", "model,", "ColBERT", "'s", "pruning-friendly", "interaction", "mechanism", "enables", "leveraging", "vector-similarity", "indexes", "for", "end-to-end", "retrieval", "directly", "from", "a", "large", "document", "collection.", "We", "extensively", "evaluate", "ColBERT", "using", "two", "recent", "passage", "search", "datasets.", "Results", "show", "that", "ColBERT", "'s", "effectiveness", "is", "competitive", "with", "existing", "BERT", "#NAME?", "models", "(and", "outperforms", "every", "non-BERT", "baseline),", "while", "executing", "two", "orders-of-magnitude", "faster", "and", "requiring", "four", "orders-of-magnitude", "fewer", "FLOPs", "per", "query." ]
[ 6, 6, 6, 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 1, 3, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6 ]
[ "Multi-Object", "Tracking", "(MOT)", "is", "a", "challenging", "task", "in", "the", "complex", "scene", "suchas", "surveillance", "and", "autonomous", "driving.", "In", "this", "paper,", "we", "propose", "a", "noveltracklet", "processing", "method", "to", "cleave", "and", "re-connect", "tracklets", "on", "crowd", "orlong-term", "occlusion", "by", "Siamese", "Bi-Gated", "Recurrent", "Unit", "(GRU", ").", "The", "trackletgeneration", "utilizes", "object", "features", "extracted", "by", "CNN", "and", "RNN", "to", "create", "thehigh-confidence", "tracklet", "candidates", "in", "sparse", "scenario.", "Due", "to", "mis-tracking", "inthe", "generation", "process,", "the", "tracklets", "from", "different", "objects", "are", "split", "intoseveral", "sub-tracklets", "by", "a", "bidirectional", "GRU", ".", "After", "that,", "a", "Siamese", "GRU", "basedtracklet", "re-connection", "method", "is", "applied", "to", "link", "the", "sub-tracklets", "which", "belongto", "the", "same", "object", "to", "form", "a", "whole", "trajectory.", "In", "addition,", "we", "extract", "thetracklet", "images", "from", "existing", "MOT", "datasets", "and", "propose", "a", "novel", "dataset", "to", "trainour", "networks.", "The", "proposed", "dataset", "contains", "more", "than", "95160", "pedestrian", "images.It", "has", "793", "different", "persons", "in", "it.", "On", "average,", "there", "are", "120", "images", "for", "eachperson", "with", "positions", "and", "sizes.", "Experimental", "results", "demonstrate", "theadvantages", "of", "our", "model", "over", "the", "state-of-the-art", "methods", "on", "MOT16." ]
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Computer Science Named Entity Recognition in the Open Research Knowledge Graph (CS-NER dataset)

1) About

This work proposes a standardized CS-NER task by defining a set of seven contribution-centric scholarly entities for CS NER viz., research problem , solution , resource , language , tool , method , and dataset .

The main contributions are:

  1. Merges annotations for contribution-centric named entities from related work as the following datasets:

  2. Additionally, supplies a new annotated dataset for the titles in the ACL anthology in the acl repository where titles are annotated with all seven entities.

2) Dataset Statistics for full dataset

Please note the numbers below reflect the total annotated entities. They do not reflect the unique set of annotated entities.

Titles

train.data

NER Count
solution 18,924
research problem 15,646
method 8,854
resource 7,346
tool 1,718
language 1,141
dataset 882

dev.data

NER Count
solution 1,072
research problem 989
method 574
resource 439
tool 93
language 50
dataset 39

test.data

NER Count
solution 8,316
research problem 4,070
resource 3,226
method 2,768
tool 743
language 499
dataset 228

Abstracts

train-abs.data

NER Count
method 10,992
research problem 7,485

dev-abs.data

NER Count
method 719
research problem 603

test-abs.data

NER Count
method 2,723
research problem 2,100

The remaining repositories have specialized README files with the respective dataset statistics.

3) Citation

Accepted for publication in ICADL 2022 proceedings.

Citation information forthcoming

Preprint

@article{d2022computer,
  title={Computer Science Named Entity Recognition in the Open Research Knowledge Graph},
  author={D'Souza, Jennifer and Auer, S{\"o}ren},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.14579},
  year={2022}
}

4) Additional resources

CS NER Software trained on the dataset in this repository

Codebase: https://gitlab.com/TIBHannover/orkg/nlp/orkg-nlp-experiments/-/tree/master/orkg_cs_ner

Service URL - REST API: https://orkg.org/nlp/api/docs#/annotation/annotates_paper_annotation_csner_post

Service URL - PyPi: https://orkg-nlp-pypi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/services/services.html#cs-ner-computer-science-named-entity-recognition

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