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The spread of the regional intellectual capital: the case of the Russian Federation Research background: The positive relationship between the availability of intellectual capital and the ability of the state, region or firm to develop economically stimulates an increase in the intellectual capital. In order to manage intellectual capital, it is necessary to have a clear idea of its availability, capacity, features, growth reserves, as well as concentration in certain territories and ability to spread. Many studies are devoted to the measurement of intellectual capital, its diffusion and impact on the economic efficiency of the organization, region, and nation. However, in the case of the Russian Federation there is a gap in the study of the spread of intellectual capital over the country. Purpose of the article: The purpose of the article is to evaluate intellectual capital in the federal districts of the Russian Federation and to model the spread of intellectual capital. Methods: Data on 8 Russian federal districts for the 2017 year from Unified Inter-departmental Information and Statistical System (EMISS) of the Russian Federation were taken as a basis for the research. Based on three-component model (human capital, structural capital, and relational capital), we formed a set of indicators for assessing regional intellectual capital, relevant to the Russian Federation. This allowed us to evaluate the integrated indicators of intellectual capital in federal districts and to determine the probability of intellectual capital spreading from each federal district to neighboring federal districts. We used percolation theory methods to model the spread of intellectual capital. Findings & Value added: The study contributes to the Russian regional knowledge on intellectual capital. Intellectual capital in the Russian Federation is disproportionately distributed, concentrating closer to the capital, and has a lower level in remote territories. It spreads unevenly, flowing from the Central Federal District to neighboring federal districts, however, other federal districts develop almost in isolation. |
MICHAEL GLANZBERG THE LIAR IN CONTEXT About twenty-five years ago, Charles Parsons published a paper that began by asking why we still discuss the Liar Paradox. Today, the question seems all the more apt. In the ensuing years we have seen not only Parsons work, but seminal work of Saul Kripke, and a huge number of other important papers. Too many to list. Surely, one of them must have solved it! In a way, most of them have. Most papers on the Liar Paradox offer some explanation of the behavior of paradoxical sentences, and most also offer some extension for the predicate true that they think is adequate, at least in some restricted setting. But if this is a solution, then the problem we face is far from a lack of solutions; rather, we have an overabundance of conflicting ones. Kripkes work alone provides us with uncountably many different extensions for the truth predicate. Even if it so happens that one of these is a conclusive solution, we do not seem to know which one, or why. We should also ask, given that we are faced with many technically elegant but contradictory views, if they are really all addressing the same problem. What we lack is not solutions, but a way to compare and evaluate the many ones we have. This is a rather strange situation to be in. One would think that a solution to a philosophical puzzle would involve some explanation of what the puzzle is, and how the proposed solution is successful. This, it seems should be enough to evaluate and choose among proposed solutions. Though some work on the Liar Paradox has been like this, a great deal of it has not. The reason, I think, is that many paradoxes, and the Liar Paradox in particular, have a sort of dual nature. On the one hand, paradoxes can be merely logical puzzles. Solving a paradox, so understood, is a matter of finding some logical device that avoids whatever contradiction the paradox produces. On the other hand, paradoxes can be much more. Beyond posing some |
A report from Daft.ie claims urgent action is needed to increase long-term rental supply in Dublin and across the country.
The property site's new survey, which was carried out yesterday, claims more than half of all available rental properties in Dublin - a total of 1,419, or 53% - are being let out on Airbnb and other short term arrangements.
The report says landlords are increasingly opting to rent to tourists instead of long-term tenants.
According to Daft.ie research, stock on the Dublin rental market is set to dip below 1,000 units by the end of the year - the first time that has happened since 2001.
Daft.ie's Martin Clancy explains the findings.
He says: "We found that there's just over 1,250 long-term rental properties available in Dublin at this moment.
"By contrast, in the short-term market - available to tourists on platforms such as Airbnb - there's nearly 1,500, which represents 53% of the current stock available."
But an Airbnb spokesperson says: "This report uses inaccurate scraped data to make misleading assumptions about our community.
"Entire home listings on Airbnb in Dublin last year represented just 1.1% of the available housing stock in the city, and the vast majority (88%) of hosts share the home in which they live.
"The Airbnb model is unique and empowers regular people and boosts local communities, generating over €506m in economic activity in Ireland last year."
Airbnb says data from the Residential Tenancies Board, cross-matched with its own data provided to the Oireachtas Joint committee last year about host earnings, suggests that a typical unit of housing in Dublin would need to be rented for well over 120 nights a year to outcompete a long-term rental in income.
It adds: "It is clear that the vast majority of entire home listings rented on Airbnb do not get close to that tipping point.
"The 550 properties that were booked for more than 160 nights on Airbnb in 2016 represent just 0.10287% of all housing units in Dublin.
"Put another way, that is one in every thousand housing units." |
Telomere Length of Recipients and Living Kidney Donors and Chronic Graft Dysfunction in Kidney Transplants Background A biological marker that would allow clinicians to determine the length of time an allograft will remain functional after transplantation would greatly aid the ability to stratify donors by risk and to use biologically young allografts in young recipients, maximizing the use of this rare resource. Telomere length (TL) has been proposed to be such a marker to determine the biological age of a tissue. Methods We genotyped DNA from 1805 recipients and 1038 living kidney donors for TL to determine the association of TL with acute rejection (AR), chronic graft dysfunction (CGD), and graft failure of kidney allografts. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood white blood cells and TL was measured in DNA using the multiplexed monochrome quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay. Results As has been previously shown, we found a significant association between log-transformed TL and donor age (P=3.810−4) and recipient age (P=5.610−8). Univariate and multivariate analysis did not show any significant associations between log-transformed TL in donor or recipient DNA with AR, CGD, or graft failure, although we did observe an association between donor chronological age and CGD (P=0.018). Conclusion Although older allografts have been shown to be at greater risk for AR and CGD, this does not appear to be associated with shorter TL. Different markers will need to be identified to determine how biological age impacts transplant outcome, such as age-related fibrosis or tubular atrophy and tubular loss. |
Caffeine and Reactive Hyperemia The physiological/pathophysiological effects of caffeine on the human cardiovascular system have not been investigated by physiologists and are poorly understood. In a world where caffeinated beverages are evidently the adults drug of choice (coffee, energy drinks, soda, tea) investigating their effects on the physiology of the cardiovascular system is of considerable importance. In this experiment, we investigated caffeine, taken orally as a tablet, on reactive hyperemia, a form of local control of blood flow. Young adults between the ages of 18 and 21 years were the experimental subjects. They were instrumented to monitor systemic arterial blood pressure, peripheral blood flow, calculated peripheral vascular resistance, heart rate and an electrocardiogram during a reactive hyperemia maneuver in the absence and presence of caffeine. Caffeine-mediated peripheral vasoconstriction was observed as early as 15 minutes after its consumption. Forty-five minutes later (60 min after consumption of caffeine) peripheral vasoconstriction was so prominent that reactive hyperemia was abolished. This was reflected, in part, as a marked and significant reduction in post-ischemia reactive hyperemia that accompanied a 2.5-fold increase in peripheral vascular resistance (P 0.05). Heart rate was unaffected by caffeine under our experimental conditions. We conclude that caffeine has the ability to inhibit important cardiovascular properties, including reactive hyperemia. If the effects that were seen in a digit are indicative of what caffeine might do in the heart and/or brain, then one has to question the wisdom of regularly consuming caffeine. More experimental physiological and pharmacological investigation is needed. |
package org.assertj.androidx.api.view.animation;
import androidx.annotation.IntDef;
import android.view.animation.GridLayoutAnimationController;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import static java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy.SOURCE;
@IntDef({
GridLayoutAnimationController.PRIORITY_NONE,
GridLayoutAnimationController.PRIORITY_COLUMN,
GridLayoutAnimationController.PRIORITY_ROW
})
@Retention(SOURCE)
@interface GridLayoutAnimationControllerDirectionPriority {
}
|
<reponame>mm-s/symbol-sdk-cpp
/**
*** Copyright (c) 2016-2019, Jaguar0625, gimre, BloodyRookie, Tech Bureau, Corp.
*** Copyright (c) 2020-present, Jaguar0625, gimre, BloodyRookie.
*** All rights reserved.
***
*** This file is part of Catapult.
***
*** Catapult is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
*** it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
*** the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
*** (at your option) any later version.
***
*** Catapult is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
*** but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
*** MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
*** GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
***
*** You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
*** along with Catapult. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
**/
#pragma once
#include "Utils.h"
namespace symbol { namespace core { namespace hmi {
/// Human-Machine Interface (HMI). Main-menu command processor (offline)
class Network: public hmi::Utils {
/// Base class b
using b = hmi::Utils;
public:
static constexpr auto Network_Flag{'n'};
static constexpr auto Network_Name{"network"};
static constexpr auto Network_Default{"public-test"};
static constexpr auto Network_Desc{"Network type."};
static constexpr auto Seed_Flag{'s'};
static constexpr auto Seed_Name{"seed"};
static constexpr auto Seed_Default{""};
static constexpr auto Seed_Desc{"Network generation hash seed."};
public:
/// Construction, initialization, destruction
Network();
Network(Params&&);
~Network() override;
void init(const string& name, const string& desc) override;
public: // Options related to Network.
/// The Network instance the user wants to use.
inline const core::Network& network() const { return *m_network; }
inline core::Network& network() { return *m_network; }
/// Tells whether the user has explicitely set the network identifier.
inline const string& home() const { return m_home; }
inline bool networkOverriden() const { return m_networkOverriden; }
ko setNetworkIdentifier(Params& p, const core::Network::Identifier&);
public:
/// Gettrs & Setters
void help_flag(const FlagDef&, ostream&) const override;
public: /// Generic
/// String converter
template<typename T>
static string toString(const T& o) {
ostringstream os;
os << o;
return os.str();
}
bool main(Params&, bool last, ostream&) override;
protected:
/// Handler for empty command
//bool mainHandler(Params&, ostream&) override;
private:
/// Flag configuration for initalizing the section
/*
static FlagDef flagdefNetwork();
static FlagDef flagdefHome();
static FlagDef flagdefVerbose();
static FlagDef flagdefOutput();
static FlagDef flagdefHideLabels();
static FlagDef flagdefSeed();
static FlagDef flagdefBlob();
*/
static Params defParams();
private:
/// Network instance
ptr<core::Network> m_network{nullptr};
bool m_networkOverriden{false};
string m_home;
};
/// String converter. Type with special treatment required in order to be printed as a number, not as a char.
// template<> string Main::toString(const uint8_t& o);
}}}
|
TORONTO - Canada's ban on marijuana was effectively upheld Friday when Ontario's top court struck down an earlier court decision that said Canada's laws related to medicinal pot were unconstitutional.
In overturning the lower court ruling, the Court of Appeal ruled the trial judge had made numerous errors in striking down the country's medical pot laws.
article continues below
Among other things, the Appeal Court found the judge was wrong to interpret an earlier ruling as creating a constitutional right to use medical marijuana.
"Given that marijuana can medically benefit some individuals, a blanket criminal prohibition on its use is unconstitutional," the Appeal Court said.
"(However), this court did not hold that serious illness gives rise to an automatic right to use marijuana."
Currently, doctors are allowed to exempt patients from the ban on marijuana, but many physicians have refused to prescribe the drug on the grounds its benefits are not scientifically proven.
The Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network called the decision a disappointing missed opportunity.
"Allowing the current regulations to stand unchanged will leave many people with serious health conditions without effective access to legal authorization to use cannabis as medicine," said Richard Elliott, executive director of the network.
"People shouldn't have to risk going to prison in order to get the medicine they need."
The ruling comes in the case of Matthew Mernagh, 37, of St. Catharines, Ont., who suffers from fibromyalgia, scoliosis, seizures and depression.
While he argues marijuana is the most effective treatment of his pain, he said he was unable to find a doctor to support his application for a medical marijuana licence.
Mernagh resorted to growing his own and was charged with producing the drug in April 2008.
In April 2011, Ontario Superior Court Justice Donald Taliano found that sick people cannot get access to medical marijuana through appropriate means. He said that forced ill people who should be able to get the drugs to resort to criminal acts.
Taliano struck down the laws prohibiting possession and production of cannabis as unconstitutional but the ruling was put on hold pending the federal government's appeal, which was heard last May.
The Appeal Court found Taliano had relied on "anecdotal evidence" and drew unfounded conclusions that the medicinal pot scheme made it almost impossible for patients to get legal access to the drug.
"The trial judge found that the 'vast majority' of those who needed medical marijuana were unable to get physicians to sign (exemption) declarations," the Appeal Court said.
"The record does not support the trial judge's inference that they failed to obtain medical declarations only because Canadian physicians are boycotting the (medicinal pot scheme)."
Osgoode Law Prof. Alan Young said the Appeal Court decision should not be seen as an endorsement of the medical marijuana program.
"They simply didn't feel the evidence was sufficient," Young said. "The case is important to show people that the program is still failing."
He noted the court started off in its judgment by noting this was the third time the Appeal Court was reviewing the medicinal pot scheme and the government was already making changes.
In December, Health Minister Leona Aglukkaq announced Ottawa would no longer grant medical marijuana licences to users, and only doctors would be able to prescribe pot.
In Friday's decision, the court said Mernagh had failed to provide evidence from a doctor that he met the criteria for a medical exemption to the country's pot ban.
"It was not open to the trial judge to hold that Mr. Mernagh and the patient witnesses who had not obtained medical declarations were entitled to exemptions," the Appeal Court said.
Note to readers: This is a corrected story. An earlier version said the top court struck down the country's laws related to medicinal pot. |
/**
* Created by Williambraecky on 25-05-17.
*/
public class HecateListener implements Listener {
private Hecate hecate;
public HecateListener(Hecate hecate) {
this.hecate = hecate;
}
//We need to make the board as quickly as possible so that plugins can get it aswell
@EventHandler(priority = EventPriority.LOWEST)
public void onJoin(PlayerJoinEvent event) {
hecate.setBoard(event.getPlayer().getUniqueId(), new HecateBoard(hecate, event.getPlayer()));
hecate.getBoards().forEach(hecateBoard -> hecateBoard.onPlayerJoin(event.getPlayer()));
}
//This time we need to remove it as last, MONITOR would also work.
@EventHandler(priority = EventPriority.HIGHEST)
public void onQuit(PlayerQuitEvent event) {
hecate.removeBoard(event.getPlayer().getUniqueId()).remove();
hecate.getBoards().forEach(hecateBoard -> hecateBoard.onPlayerQuit(event.getPlayer()));
}
} |
// Copyright (c) 2020 fortiss GmbH
//
// Authors: <NAME>, <NAME>, <NAME> and
// <NAME>
//
// This work is licensed under the terms of the MIT license.
// For a copy, see <https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>.
#ifndef BARK_MODELS_BEHAVIOR_BEHAVIOR_MODEL_HPP_
#define BARK_MODELS_BEHAVIOR_BEHAVIOR_MODEL_HPP_
#include <Eigen/Dense>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>
#include "bark/commons/commons.hpp"
#include "bark/models/dynamic/dynamic_model.hpp"
namespace bark {
namespace world {
namespace objects {
class Agent;
typedef std::shared_ptr<Agent> AgentPtr;
typedef unsigned int AgentId;
} // namespace objects
class ObservedWorld;
} // namespace world
namespace models {
namespace behavior {
using dynamic::Trajectory;
typedef unsigned int DiscreteAction;
typedef double Continuous1DAction;
struct LonLatAction {
Continuous1DAction acc_lat;
Continuous1DAction acc_lon;
inline bool operator==(const LonLatAction& other) const {
return acc_lat == other.acc_lat && acc_lon == other.acc_lon;
}
};
using dynamic::Input;
using models::dynamic::State;
typedef boost::variant<DiscreteAction, Continuous1DAction, Input, LonLatAction>
Action;
typedef std::size_t ActionHash;
typedef std::pair<State, Action> StateActionPair;
typedef std::vector<StateActionPair> StateActionHistory;
typedef std::vector<State> StateHistory;
typedef std::vector<Action> ActionHistory;
struct action_tostring_visitor : boost::static_visitor<std::string> {
std::string operator()(DiscreteAction const& val) const {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "Discrete Action: " << val;
return ss.str();
}
std::string operator()(Continuous1DAction const& val) const {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "Continuous1DAction: " << val;
return ss.str();
}
std::string operator()(Input const& val) const {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "ActionInput: " << val;
return ss.str();
}
std::string operator()(
bark::models::behavior::LonLatAction const& val) const {
std::stringstream ss;
ss << "LonLatAction: acc_lon=" << val.acc_lat
<< ", acc_lat=" << val.acc_lat;
return ss.str();
}
};
enum BehaviorStatus : unsigned int {
NOT_STARTED_YET = 0,
VALID = 1,
EXPIRED = 2
};
class BehaviorModel : public bark::commons::BaseType {
public:
explicit BehaviorModel(const commons::ParamsPtr& params,
BehaviorStatus status)
: commons::BaseType(params),
last_trajectory_(),
last_action_(),
behavior_status_(status),
measure_solution_time_(false),
last_solution_time_(0.0) {}
explicit BehaviorModel(const commons::ParamsPtr& params)
: BehaviorModel(params, BehaviorStatus::VALID) {}
BehaviorModel(const BehaviorModel& behavior_model)
: commons::BaseType(behavior_model.GetParams()),
last_trajectory_(behavior_model.GetLastTrajectory()),
last_action_(behavior_model.GetLastAction()),
behavior_status_(behavior_model.GetBehaviorStatus()),
measure_solution_time_(behavior_model.GetMeasureSolutionTime()),
last_solution_time_(behavior_model.GetLastSolutionTime()) {}
virtual ~BehaviorModel() {}
dynamic::Trajectory GetLastTrajectory() const { return last_trajectory_; }
void SetLastTrajectory(const dynamic::Trajectory& trajectory) {
last_trajectory_ = trajectory;
}
BehaviorStatus GetBehaviorStatus() const { return behavior_status_; }
void SetBehaviorStatus(const BehaviorStatus status) {
behavior_status_ = status;
}
Trajectory PlanBehavior(double min_planning_time,
const world::ObservedWorld& observed_world);
virtual Trajectory Plan(double min_planning_time,
const world::ObservedWorld& observed_world) = 0;
virtual std::shared_ptr<BehaviorModel> Clone() const = 0;
Action GetLastAction() const { return last_action_; }
void SetLastAction(const Action& action) { last_action_ = action; }
// externally set action that can also be set from Python
Action GetAction() const { return action_to_behavior_; }
virtual void ActionToBehavior(const Action& action) {
action_to_behavior_ = action;
};
bool GetMeasureSolutionTime() const { return measure_solution_time_; }
void SetMeasureSolutionTime(bool measure_solution_time) {
measure_solution_time_ = measure_solution_time;
}
double GetLastSolutionTime() const { return last_solution_time_; }
void SetLastSolutionTime(double last_solution_time) {
last_solution_time_ = last_solution_time;
}
private:
dynamic::Trajectory last_trajectory_;
// can either be the last action or action to be executed
Action last_action_;
Action action_to_behavior_;
BehaviorStatus behavior_status_;
bool measure_solution_time_;
double last_solution_time_;
};
typedef std::shared_ptr<BehaviorModel> BehaviorModelPtr;
} // namespace behavior
} // namespace models
} // namespace bark
#endif // BARK_MODELS_BEHAVIOR_BEHAVIOR_MODEL_HPP_
|
<reponame>KaungZanHpone/HuaweiAndroidTraining
package com.example.multithreading;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
ImageView img;
Button btn1, btn2;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
initView();
btn1.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
img.post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
img.setImageResource(R.mipmap.sample_one);
}
});
}
}).start();
}
});
btn2.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
img.post(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
img.setImageResource(R.mipmap.sample_two);
}
});
}
}).start();
}
});
}
private void initView() {
btn1 = findViewById(R.id.btn1);
btn2 = findViewById(R.id.btn2);
img = findViewById(R.id.imageView);
}
} |
C. Grtner, the Olympic Circus, and the Origins of Equestrianism in the Grand Duchy of Posen Abstract After 1839 when the first Polish Equestrian Club was founded in Posen (present-day Poznan) as part of the Society for the Improvement of Horse, Cattle and Sheep Breeding in the Grand Duchy of Posen, its members organized annual horse races in the Duchy, following the model of English horse races. Authors of historical sources regarding the beginnings of equestrianism in the area, however, overlook the significant role of German circus troupes that visited Posen during the same period and popularized various equestrian forms in their shows. In order to attract a larger audience, many of these circus companies used in their names references to ancient sport competitions such as Games, Olympic Games or Olympic circus, in which only the most trained contestants took part. The first propagators of these shows in Prussian-partitioned Poland included Rudolph Brilloff, and a certain C. Grtner, often ignored in scholarly literature or cited in passing in unverified sources. Considering the variety and frequency of their equestrian performances, Brilloffs and Grtners shows should be acknowledged as key promoters of physical culture in the region of Greater Poland. |
package net.minecraft.core;
// Decompiled by Jad v1.5.8g. Copyright 2001 <NAME>.
// Jad home page: http://www.kpdus.com/jad.html
// Decompiler options: packimports(3) braces deadcode
class ThreadMonitorConnection extends Thread {
final NetworkManager netManager; /* synthetic field */
ThreadMonitorConnection(NetworkManager networkmanager) {
netManager = networkmanager;
}
public void run() {
try {
Thread.sleep(2000L);
if (NetworkManager.isRunning(netManager)) {
NetworkManager.getWriteThread(netManager).interrupt();
netManager.networkShutdown("Connection closed");
}
} catch (Exception exception) {
exception.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
|
<filename>src/main/java/fi/riista/config/BatchConfig.java<gh_stars>10-100
package fi.riista.config;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.JobRegistry;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.JobBuilderFactory;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.annotation.StepBuilderFactory;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.support.JobRegistryBeanPostProcessor;
import org.springframework.batch.core.configuration.support.MapJobRegistry;
import org.springframework.batch.core.explore.JobExplorer;
import org.springframework.batch.core.explore.support.JobExplorerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.batch.core.launch.JobLauncher;
import org.springframework.batch.core.launch.JobOperator;
import org.springframework.batch.core.launch.support.SimpleJobLauncher;
import org.springframework.batch.core.launch.support.SimpleJobOperator;
import org.springframework.batch.core.repository.JobRepository;
import org.springframework.batch.core.repository.support.JobRepositoryFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.batch.core.scope.JobScope;
import org.springframework.batch.core.scope.StepScope;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import;
import org.springframework.core.task.SyncTaskExecutor;
import org.springframework.core.task.TaskExecutor;
import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import java.util.Objects;
@Configuration
@Import({BatchConfig.ScopeConfiguration.class})
public class BatchConfig {
public static final int BATCH_SIZE = 50;
@Resource
private DataSource dataSource;
@Resource
private PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager;
@Bean
public JobBuilderFactory jobBuilders() throws Exception {
return new JobBuilderFactory(jobRepository());
}
@Bean
public StepBuilderFactory stepBuilders() throws Exception {
return new StepBuilderFactory(jobRepository(), transactionManager);
}
@Bean
public JobRepository jobRepository() throws Exception {
Objects.requireNonNull(dataSource);
return createJobRepository(dataSource, transactionManager);
}
@Bean
public JobExplorer jobExplorer() throws Exception {
return createJobExplorer(dataSource);
}
@Bean
public JobLauncher jobLauncher() throws Exception {
return createJobLauncher(jobRepository(), new SyncTaskExecutor());
}
@Bean
public JobRegistry jobRegistry() {
return new MapJobRegistry();
}
@Bean
public JobRegistryBeanPostProcessor jobRegistryBeanPostProcessor(final JobRegistry jobRegistry) {
final JobRegistryBeanPostProcessor jobRegistryBeanPostProcessor = new JobRegistryBeanPostProcessor();
jobRegistryBeanPostProcessor.setJobRegistry(jobRegistry);
return jobRegistryBeanPostProcessor;
}
@Bean
public JobOperator jobOperator() throws Exception {
final SimpleJobOperator jobOperator = new SimpleJobOperator();
jobOperator.setJobExplorer(jobExplorer());
jobOperator.setJobLauncher(jobLauncher());
jobOperator.setJobRegistry(jobRegistry());
jobOperator.setJobRepository(jobRepository());
return jobOperator;
}
private static JobRepository createJobRepository(DataSource dataSource, PlatformTransactionManager transactionManager) throws Exception {
JobRepositoryFactoryBean factory = new JobRepositoryFactoryBean();
factory.setDataSource(dataSource);
factory.setTransactionManager(transactionManager);
factory.afterPropertiesSet();
return factory.getObject();
}
private static JobLauncher createJobLauncher(JobRepository jobRepository,
TaskExecutor taskExecutor) throws Exception {
SimpleJobLauncher jobLauncher = new SimpleJobLauncher();
jobLauncher.setJobRepository(jobRepository);
jobLauncher.setTaskExecutor(taskExecutor);
jobLauncher.afterPropertiesSet();
return jobLauncher;
}
private static JobExplorer createJobExplorer(DataSource dataSource) throws Exception {
JobExplorerFactoryBean factory = new JobExplorerFactoryBean();
factory.setDataSource(dataSource);
factory.afterPropertiesSet();
return factory.getObject();
}
@Configuration
static class ScopeConfiguration {
private static StepScope stepScope = new StepScope();
private static JobScope jobScope = new JobScope();
@Bean
public static StepScope stepScope() {
stepScope.setAutoProxy(false);
return stepScope;
}
@Bean
public static JobScope jobScope() {
jobScope.setAutoProxy(false);
return jobScope;
}
}
}
|
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a replaceable lamp assembly for an automotive headlamp. More particularly, this invention relates to a replaceable lamp assembly which comprises an incandescent lamp having a flat press seal at one end mounted on a thermoplastic base by means of a holder made of a single piece of sheet metal clamped around the flattened end of the lamp and secured to the plastic base by RF welding.
2. Background of the Invention
Replaceable lamp assemblies for automotive headlamps comprising an incandescent lamp, such as an incandescent-halogen lamp, mounted on a thermoplastic base or holder body of substantially tubular shape which is mounted to a reflector in an automotive vehicle are well known to those skilled in the art. The base or holder body is precision molded from a thermoplastic material in order to achieve dimensional accuracy and low cost. The filament of the lamp must be accurately positioned with respect to the thermoplastic base so that a predetermined light distribution will result when the lamp assembly is installed in the reflector portion of an automotive vehicle. Invariably this means that if only one filament is employed, then that filament must reside at the focal center of the reflector. Where two filaments are employed in the lamp for a high beam and a low beam, one filament will generally be at the focal center of the reflector and the other filament will be offset by a certain amount in order to assure the proper light pattern emanating forward of the reflector. These replaceable lamp assemblies generally have a flange on the base portion which butts against a rearwardly protruding nose portion of the automotive lamp reflector to insure precise alignment of the assembly with respect to the reflector. Thus, the filament of the lamp must be accurately positioned with respect to the flange which fits or butts against the rear nose portion of the reflector so that a predetermined light distribution will result when the lamp assembly is installed in an automotive vehicle. Some lamps used in such assemblies are connected to a base without the use of a cement or adhesive.
Typically, such lamps comprise vitreous, light transmissive envelopes made of a high temperature glass or a high purity fused silica (quartz) which terminates at the bottom end in a pinch or press seal. An exhaust tip through which the interior of the lamp envelope is exhausted and a fill gas introduced may be present at either the top or bottom end of the lamp envelope as is well known to those skilled in the art. Electric current supply leads extend outwardly of the press seal and at least one incandescent filament is located interiorly of the lamp envelope electrically connected to the current supply leads. One end of a sheet metal lamp holder clamps around the flat pinch or press seal of the lamp and is coupled at its other end to the plastic base. The plastic base is generally cylindrical in shape having two internal cavities, each open at one end with a wall separating the two cavities through which connecting terminals for the lamp extend which are electrically connected to the lamp current supply leads at one end and to a male electric plug at the other end. Such replaceable automotive lamp assemblies presently available employ at least two or three metal parts to form a lamp holder unit for connecting or coupling the incandescent lamp to the plastic base. Such multiple part construction requires multiple assembly steps and parts. Typical prior lamp assemblies are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,719,543; 4,950,942; 4,864,183; 4,769,574, 4,751,421 and 4,528,619.
Construction of a typical replaceable automotive lamp assembly presently available and used is illustrated in perspective view in FIG. 1. Thus, lamp 100 is secured into thermoplastic base 102 by means of lamp holder 104. Flange 106 serves to accurately position the lamp assembly into an automotive reflector by acting as a stop when inserting the assembly into the rear of the reflector. O-ring 108 is made of a heat resistant elastomeric material, such as a silicone rubber, and serves to provide a hermetic seal of the lamp assembly into the reflector. A resinous, heat resistant potting compound (such as a silicone) is applied inside the bottom cavity adjacent the wall separating both cavities of the base to hermetically seal the electrical terminals molded into the wall. Plug 110, which is not a part of the lamp assembly, plugs into the bottom cavity where it contacts terminals for wires 112 to make electrical connection to the lamp. Turning to FIG. 2, lamp holder 104 is shown in more detail in perspective view and lamp 100 is shown in partial phantom view merely to illustrate lamp filaments 114 and 116. Thus, lamp holder 104 comprises a metal clamp 118 which is clamped around the flattened pinch seal base or bottom portion (not generally shown) of lamp 100 as an assembly of two rectangular sheet metal straps 123 and 124 which are clamped around the flattened lamp end portion, bent and welded together at 120 and 122. Clamp 118, in turn, is secured to metal cup 130 by means of welding, of which only welds 126 and 128 are shown for metal strap 124. Metal cup 130, in turn, is secured to metal sleeve 105 by means of welding (i.e., 136 and 137) to four strap portions of which only two, 132 and 134 are shown. Wire connectors 140, 142 and 144 extend downwardly from lamp 100 to make electrical connection with respective terminals in base 102. To couple lamp 100 to plastic base 102, lamp 100 is mechanically secured by means of welding clamp 118 around the pinch seal of the lamp which, in turn, is welded to metal cup 130. Metal sleeve 104, being made of sheet steel, is secured to the interior walls of the upper cavity in plastic base 102 by adhesive or RF welding. The preassembled lamp 100, clamp 118 and cup 130 are then positioned within and adjacent the strap portions of sleeve 104 as shown and wires 140, 142 and 144 are soldered to respective terminals in base 102. The position of the lamp, clamp and cup subassembly is then adjusted while at least one filament is energized in order to accurately position the filament radially with respect to the longitudinal central axis of the replaceable lamp assembly and also with respect to its distance from flange 106. Once the filament has been accurately positioned, cup 130 is welded to the strap portions of sleeve 104 in order to secure the lamp to the base.
Accordingly, it would be a significant advance to the art if one could reduce the number of parts, manufacturing steps and concomitant costs in the manufacture and assembly of such replaceable automotive lamp assemblies. |
/**
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.camel.processor.loadbalancer;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import org.apache.camel.AsyncCallback;
import org.apache.camel.AsyncProcessor;
import org.apache.camel.CamelContext;
import org.apache.camel.CamelContextAware;
import org.apache.camel.Exchange;
import org.apache.camel.Processor;
import org.apache.camel.Traceable;
import org.apache.camel.util.AsyncProcessorConverterHelper;
public class CircuitBreakerLoadBalancer extends LoadBalancerSupport implements Traceable, CamelContextAware {
private static final int STATE_CLOSED = 0;
private static final int STATE_HALF_OPEN = 1;
private static final int STATE_OPEN = 2;
private final List<Class<?>> exceptions;
private CamelContext camelContext;
private int threshold;
private long halfOpenAfter;
private long lastFailure;
private AtomicInteger failures = new AtomicInteger();
private AtomicInteger state = new AtomicInteger(STATE_CLOSED);
public CircuitBreakerLoadBalancer(List<Class<?>> exceptions) {
this.exceptions = exceptions;
}
public CircuitBreakerLoadBalancer() {
this.exceptions = null;
}
public void setHalfOpenAfter(long halfOpenAfter) {
this.halfOpenAfter = halfOpenAfter;
}
public void setThreshold(int threshold) {
this.threshold = threshold;
}
@Override
public CamelContext getCamelContext() {
return camelContext;
}
@Override
public void setCamelContext(CamelContext camelContext) {
this.camelContext = camelContext;
}
public List<Class<?>> getExceptions() {
return exceptions;
}
protected boolean hasFailed(Exchange exchange) {
boolean answer = false;
if (exchange.getException() != null) {
if (exceptions == null || exceptions.isEmpty()) {
answer = true;
} else {
for (Class<?> exception : exceptions) {
if (exchange.getException(exception) != null) {
answer = true;
break;
}
}
}
}
return answer;
}
@Override
public boolean isRunAllowed() {
boolean forceShutdown = camelContext.getShutdownStrategy().forceShutdown(this);
if (forceShutdown) {
log.trace("Run not allowed as ShutdownStrategy is forcing shutting down");
}
return !forceShutdown && super.isRunAllowed();
}
public boolean process(final Exchange exchange, final AsyncCallback callback) {
// can we still run
if (!isRunAllowed()) {
log.trace("Run not allowed, will reject executing exchange: {}", exchange);
if (exchange.getException() == null) {
exchange.setException(new RejectedExecutionException("Run is not allowed"));
}
callback.done(true);
return true;
}
return calculateState(exchange, callback);
}
private boolean calculateState(final Exchange exchange, final AsyncCallback callback) {
boolean output = false;
if (state.get() == STATE_HALF_OPEN) {
if (failures.get() == 0) {
output = closeCircuit(exchange, callback);
} else {
output = openCircuit(exchange, callback);
}
} else if (state.get() == STATE_OPEN) {
if (failures.get() >= threshold && System.currentTimeMillis() - lastFailure < halfOpenAfter) {
output = openCircuit(exchange, callback);
} else {
output = halfOpenCircuit(exchange, callback);
}
} else if (state.get() == STATE_CLOSED) {
if (failures.get() >= threshold && System.currentTimeMillis() - lastFailure < halfOpenAfter) {
output = openCircuit(exchange, callback);
} else if (failures.get() >= threshold && System.currentTimeMillis() - lastFailure >= halfOpenAfter) {
output = halfOpenCircuit(exchange, callback);
} else {
output = closeCircuit(exchange, callback);
}
} else {
throw new IllegalStateException("Unrecognised circuitBreaker state " + state.get());
}
return output;
}
private boolean openCircuit(final Exchange exchange, final AsyncCallback callback) {
boolean output = rejectExchange(exchange, callback);
state.set(STATE_OPEN);
logState();
return output;
}
private boolean halfOpenCircuit(final Exchange exchange, final AsyncCallback callback) {
boolean output = executeProcessor(exchange, callback);
state.set(STATE_HALF_OPEN);
logState();
return output;
}
private boolean closeCircuit(final Exchange exchange, final AsyncCallback callback) {
boolean output = executeProcessor(exchange, callback);
state.set(STATE_CLOSED);
logState();
return output;
}
private void logState() {
log.debug("State {}, failures {}, closed since {}", new Object[]{state.get(), failures.get(), System.currentTimeMillis() - lastFailure});
}
private boolean executeProcessor(final Exchange exchange, final AsyncCallback callback) {
Processor processor = getProcessors().get(0);
if (processor == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("No processors could be chosen to process CircuitBreaker");
}
AsyncProcessor albp = AsyncProcessorConverterHelper.convert(processor);
// Added a callback for processing the exchange in the callback
boolean sync = albp.process(exchange, new CircuitBreakerCallback(exchange, callback));
// We need to check the exception here as albp is use sync call
if (sync) {
boolean failed = hasFailed(exchange);
if (!failed) {
failures.set(0);
} else {
failures.incrementAndGet();
lastFailure = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
} else {
// CircuitBreakerCallback can take care of failure check of the
// exchange
log.trace("Processing exchangeId: {} is continued being processed asynchronously", exchange.getExchangeId());
return false;
}
log.trace("Processing exchangeId: {} is continued being processed synchronously", exchange.getExchangeId());
callback.done(true);
return true;
}
private boolean rejectExchange(final Exchange exchange, final AsyncCallback callback) {
exchange.setException(new RejectedExecutionException("CircuitBreaker Open: failures: " + failures + ", lastFailure: " + lastFailure));
/*
* If the circuit opens, we have to prevent the execution of any
* processor. The failures count can be set to 0.
*/
failures.set(0);
callback.done(true);
return true;
}
public String toString() {
return "CircuitBreakerLoadBalancer[" + getProcessors() + "]";
}
public String getTraceLabel() {
return "circuitbreaker";
}
class CircuitBreakerCallback implements AsyncCallback {
private final AsyncCallback callback;
private final Exchange exchange;
CircuitBreakerCallback(Exchange exchange, AsyncCallback callback) {
this.callback = callback;
this.exchange = exchange;
}
@Override
public void done(boolean doneSync) {
if (!doneSync) {
boolean failed = hasFailed(exchange);
if (!failed) {
failures.set(0);
} else {
failures.incrementAndGet();
lastFailure = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
}
callback.done(doneSync);
}
}
}
|
You're just four minutes away from investing on your mobile device -- for free.
As part of The Motley Fool's mission to help the world invest better, we're putting together a list of some of the top online investment brokers and giving you step-by-step guides on how to sign up for accounts. For this how-to, we're focusing on Robinhood's online brokerage account. If you want to view competing offers from various brokers, check out our broker comparison page.
The company's site says it takes less than four minutes to set up an account, which I found to be pretty accurate.
There aren't any fees for opening up a Robinhood account or maintaining one, nor does the company charge you when you make your trades. It kind of sounds too good to be true, but Robinhood says it makes money from "accruing interest from customers' uninvested cash balances," just like other online brokerages do. The company also has a Robinhood Gold service that starts at $10 per month and gives customers additional features like after-hours trading, a line of credit (to trade on margin), and larger deposit amounts that are instantly available to invest.
Image source: Author screenshot of Robinhood site.
First, navigate to Robinhood's sign-up page. Here you'll provide some basic information like your name and email address. You'll also create a username and password for the account. At the bottom of the page, Robinhood asks whether or not you have a mobile device running iOS or Android (Hint: If your phone or tablet isn't made by Apple, then it's pretty likely that it's an Android device).
The company asks you this question because all of the trading done on Robinhood is done on a mobile device. In short, don't sign up for a Robinhood account if you want to invest using your laptop or desktop computer, because you won't be able to do it.
You can, however, set up the account on your computer first and then log in to the Robinhood app on your phone to begin investing. We'll walk through setting up the account online, and then show you how to access your Robinhood account on your mobile device for this how-to.
This section asks you for some of your personal information like your home mailing address and phone number. You'll also be asked whether you, or a member of your immediate family, is employed by a member firm of a stock exchange or the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), or if you or a family member is a director, 10% shareholder, or senior officer of a publicly traded company. You'll likely answer "no" to these two questions.
On the right-hand side of the screen you'll see answers to questions you might have about the application questions, like why Robinhood needs a customer's address (answer: Uncle Sam requires all brokerages to collect addresses for identity verification).
Once you're done with this page, just click "continue" and head on to the next step!
In this section you'll first see a page that explains why Robinhood is about to ask for your Social Security number. All broker dealers are required by law to collect Social Security numbers, and Robinhood says, "This information is used to prevent known money launderers and terrorists from gaining access to the stock market." So if you're neither of those, then click the "continue" button to go to the next page (and if you do fall into one of those categories, please save all of us a lot of trouble and go turn yourself in!).
On the next page, you'll be asked for your Social Security number, citizenship status, marital status, number of dependents, date of birth, and employment status. Just answer those questions quickly and head on to the next step.
The company says on this page that there are no fees for putting money into, or taking money out of, your account. There are also no minimum deposit amounts.
You can choose to fund the account from a list of financial institutions. If you don't see your bank on this page (or if you want to fund the account later), you can click the "What if I don't see my bank on this list" link on the right-hand side of the page and then select the "click here" link. This will allow you to go on to the next application step and fund the account later through the Robinhood app.
You'll review the account agreement on this page (maybe grab a cup of coffee for this part) and then click "Submit Application."
Once you submit the application, you'll be taken to a page that tells you to download the Robinhood app so you can start investing.
The company says it will notify you via email when your application is approved -- unless it needs more information from you first, in which case you will still be notified. There's also a link on this page for you to save your own copy of the application.
The links on this page will take you directly to the Android or iOS versions of the app to download.
Once you've dowloaded the app to your mobile device, just log in using the account information you created in Step 1. When you do that, you'll see a screen showing that your account has been approved and a message at the bottom of the screen telling you to fund the account.
Click on the "Add Funds" link and enter your bank account information to start investing with Robinhood! Side note: You can access all the information about your account, settings, investing history, etc., by clicking on the icon in the top-left corner of the app.
Image source: Author screenshot of Robinhood app. |
<filename>app/src/main/java/com/qalex/veinrec/VerifyActivity.java
package com.qalex.veinrec;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.Spinner;
import android.widget.Toast;
/**
* @author <NAME>, <NAME>, and <NAME>
* @date 01/10/2021
* @version 1.0
*/
public class VerifyActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
Button btn;
EditText id;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_verify);
btn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn_verify);
id = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.editTextID);
btn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
String get_id = id.getText().toString();
int id_num = Integer.parseInt(get_id);
Intent i = new Intent(VerifyActivity.this,VerifyCameraActivity.class);
i.putExtra("UserID", id_num+1);
Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(),"Verify user "+id_num+"", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
startActivity(i);
}
});
}
}
|
// Copyright 1998-2017 Epic Games, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
#pragma once
#include "CoreMinimal.h"
namespace Audio
{
class FParam
{
public:
FParam()
: CurrentValue(0.0f)
, StartingValue(0.0f)
, TargetValue(0.0f)
, DeltaValue(0.0f)
, bIsInit(true)
{}
// Set the parameter value to the given target value over the given interpolation frames.
FORCEINLINE void SetValue(const float InValue, const int32 InNumInterpFrames = 0)
{
TargetValue = InValue;
if (bIsInit || InNumInterpFrames == 0)
{
bIsInit = false;
StartingValue = TargetValue;
CurrentValue = TargetValue;
DeltaValue = 0.0f;
}
else
{
DeltaValue = (InValue - CurrentValue) / InNumInterpFrames;
StartingValue = CurrentValue;
}
}
FORCEINLINE void Init()
{
bIsInit = true;
}
// Resets the delta value back to 0.0. To be called at beginning of callback render.
FORCEINLINE void Reset()
{
DeltaValue = 0.0f;
CurrentValue = TargetValue;
}
// Updates the parameter, assumes called in one of the frames.
FORCEINLINE float Update()
{
CurrentValue += DeltaValue;
return CurrentValue;
}
// Returns the current value, but does not update the value
FORCEINLINE float GetValue() const
{
return CurrentValue;
}
private:
float CurrentValue;
float StartingValue;
float TargetValue;
float DeltaValue;
bool bIsInit;
};
}
|
Effects of feeding programme on the performance and energy balance of nulliparous rabbit does. A total of 190 rabbit females were used to evaluate five feeding programmes from 9 weeks of age to the first parturition: CAL, fed ad libitum with a control diet (C: 11.0 MJ digestible energy (DE) and 114 g digestible protein (DP)/kg dry matter (DM)) until first parturition; CR, fed ad libitum with C diet until 12 weeks of age and then C diet restricted (140 g/day) until first parturition; F, fed ad libitum with a low-energy, high-fibre diet (F: 8.7 MJ DE and 88 g DP/kg DM) until first parturition; FC, fed with F diet ad libitum until 16 weeks of age, and C diet ad libitum until first parturition; FCF, fed with F diet ad libitum until 16 weeks of age, then C diet ad libitum until 20 weeks and then F diet ad libitum until first parturition. The rabbits were artificially inseminated at 18 weeks of age. CAL group had a higher mortality rate compared with the other groups between 9 and 12 weeks of age (34% v. 3%; P < 0.05) and during the last 3 weeks of first pregnancy (14% v. 3%; P < 0.05). The CAL and FC females presented higher BW and perirenal fat thickness (PFT) than CR females at 11 days of pregnancy (+0.41 kg and +0.6 mm; P < 0.05), with F females showing medium values. The type of feeding procedure did not affect the fertility rate of young females at first artificial insemination. Differences in BW disappeared at parturition, when only CAL females presented a greater PFT than CR and FC females (+0.3 mm; P < 0.05). In comparison with FCF, CAL females had smaller and thinner live born litters (-2.5 kits and -139 g, respectively; P < 0.05), with CR, F and FC females showing medium values. The low number of kits born alive for CAL females was because of their lesser total number of kits born (-1.7 kits; P < 0.05) and the greater mortality of their litters at birth (+13.9%; P < 0.05) compared with FCF females. Non-esterified fatty acid was higher in the blood of females fed C diet (CAL and CR) than in others at partum day (on average +0.15 mmol/l; P < 0.05). In conclusion, the ad libitum use of diets for lactating rabbit does throughout the rearing period could lead young rabbit females to present a higher risk of early death and smaller litter size at first parturition. Feed restriction or earlier use of suitably fibrous diets led females to achieve the critical BW and fat mass at first mating to ensure reproduction. |
Lawrence city leaders have decided to provide the homeless shelter some of its annual funding early while at the same time ordering an independent analysis of the shelter’s finances.
As part of its meeting this week, the Lawrence City Commission voted unanimously to provide the Lawrence Community Shelter all of its 2019 funding now — a total of $200,000 — to alleviate budgetary pressure. Commissioners also agreed that the city would pay up to $15,150 for a consulting firm, SS&C Solutions, to assess the shelter’s operations and finances, develop a strategic plan and provide search services for the shelter’s new executive director.
Typically, the city breaks the shelter’s funding into two payments throughout the year, one in April and the other in October, and before the vote Commissioner Matthew Herbert expressed some concern that providing the shelter all of its funding upfront may ultimately mean that the shelter will run out of funding later in the year.
“My concern is that it appears that the money is necessary for budgetary shortfalls, but without an actual action plan for sustainability, we have no assurance that, come October, there won’t be the need for additional funds,” Herbert said.
The Douglas County Commission also voted as part of its meeting this week to provide up to $15,150 to pay SS&C Solutions for assessment, planning and executive search services for the shelter. The contract, which is between the city, county and SS&C Solutions, estimates that the work will take about four months and be complete by May 15.
In response to Herbert, Assistant City Manager Casey Toomay said that the intention is to have a plan to address the shelter’s budget issues in coming months. Specifically, Toomay said that the consultant would provide a short-term plan to fix the shelter’s budget shortfall for 2019 and then provide a longer-range financial plan for the next three to five years. Toomay said providing the shelter all of its 2019 funding up front will allow the staff to better focus on those plans.
“The concept of fronting the money, both the city and the county felt that would alleviate some of the pressure of meeting those month-to-month expenses, so that folks at the community shelter could work with the consultant that we’re recommending on figuring out how to shore up their finances,” Toomay said.
City Manager Tom Markus added that the idea is to defer any decisions about increasing funding for the shelter until an independent review of the shelter’s financial and management situation can be done. He said not providing the money now could create additional turmoil, and the idea is that once the financial analysis is complete, the consultants will provide metrics for how much the city and county should need to contribute toward the shelter’s operations.
Markus noted that the city and county are the entities involved in the contract, but that the consultants will be interviewing shelter staff and the shelter’s books will have to be open for review. He said he thinks providing the 2019 funding upfront, rather than committing to an increase in funding while the financial analysis is being conducted, sends a message.
Markus added that the shelter has an important role in the community and if it is to continue, he thinks it will take funding from the city. He said the question is how much that funding would be, and that those metrics needed to be independently established. |
"""Configuration module for the FavoriteCart app."""
from django.apps import AppConfig
class FavoritecartConfig(AppConfig):
"""Main config data structure for the favoritecart app."""
name = 'favoritecart'
def ready(self):
"""Initializations to be performed with the app is ready."""
try:
from . import signals
except ImportError:
pass
|
//
// SMKMediator.h
// SUIMVVMDemo
//
// Created by yuantao on 16/4/15.
// Copyright © 2016年 lovemo. All rights reserved.
//
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "SMKViewModelProtocol.h"
#import "SMKViewMangerProtocol.h"
@interface SMKMediator : NSObject
/**
* viewModel
*/
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSObject<SMKViewModelProtocol> *viewModel;
/**
* viewManger
*/
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSObject<SMKViewMangerProtocol> *viewManger;
/**
* 初始化
*/
- (instancetype)initWithViewModel:(id<SMKViewModelProtocol>)viewModel viewManger:(id<SMKViewMangerProtocol>)viewManger;
+ (instancetype)mediatorWithViewModel:(id<SMKViewModelProtocol>)viewModel viewManger:(id<SMKViewMangerProtocol>)viewManger;
/**
* 将infos通知viewModel
*/
- (void)noticeViewModelWithInfos:(NSDictionary *)infos;
/**
* 将infos通知viewMnager
*/
- (void)noticeViewMangerWithInfos:(NSDictionary *)infos;
@end
|
/**
* Clears all entry by resetting the to key=0 and
* value=Integer-MIN_VALUE
*/
public void clear() {
IntStream.range(0, entries.length).parallel().filter(i -> entries[i].key != 0).forEach(i -> {
entries[i].key = 0L;
entries[i].value = Evaluation.NOVALUE;
entries[i].depth = 0;
entries[i].type = TT_EntryType.NONE;
entries[i].bestMove = Move.NOMOVE;
entries[i].age = 0;
entries[i].mateThreat = false;
});
numberOfEntries = 0;
numberOfPuts = 0;
numberOfCollisions = 0;
numberOfUpdates = 0;
numberOfProbes = 0;
numberOfMisses = 0;
numberOfHits = 0;
} |
<gh_stars>0
const chai = require('chai');
const chaiAsPromised = require('chai-as-promised');
const chaiJestMocks = require('chai-jest-mocks');
chai.use(chaiAsPromised);
chai.use(chaiJestMocks);
const assert = chai.assert;
const expect = chai.expect;
export {
assert,
expect,
};
|
If you were hoping to see a phablet device like the Samsung Galaxy Note on Verizon, Big Red's upcoming device is going to technically fit the bill. Except instead of the enjoyable, well designed, and globally acclaimed device, you will get this horrendous boxy eyesore, complete with a 4:3 CRT-like aspect ratio: the LG Optimus Vu.
Here it is, in all its glory monstrosity, next to... yup, the 4.8" Galaxy S III. It's HUGE:
We're talking 5 inches at 1024x768 on an HD IPS display if the specs are going to remain the same as its international counterpart's that we played with at MWC. Think old CRT monitors and TVs before wide-screens. Think really awkward to hold - so awkward that you will need to use two hands to reach some of the bottom-row buttons comfortably. Think four capacitive buttons - something Android has abandoned with Honeycomb and Ice Cream Sandwich. Think "what the hell was LG, in turn, thinking"?
At least unlike the Vu at MWC which came with Gingerbread, the Verizon version comes with Android 4.0.4 Ice Cream Sandwich out of the box. Considering ICS has now had around 8 months to bake, I am not too shocked, although this is LG we're talking about here. The company has yet to upgrade any of its devices outside of Korea to ICS, which scored it a big fat F in JR Raphael's last Android upgrade report card. It looks like the Vu has actually just gotten ICS in Korea, though it was of the "Value Pack" variety.
If the rest of the specs remain unchanged, we'd be looking at:
a 1.5GHz dual-core Snapdragon S3 with Adreno 220 GPU (MSM8660)
1GB of RAM
32GB storage
8MP/1.3MP cameras
stylus
Unfortunately, our source hasn't confirmed or denied any changes from the above, so I can't comment on them. Of course, as you can see from the photos, the Vu is compatible with Verizon's 4G-LTE network.
If you want to see the Optimus Vu in action, here's our MWC hands-on:
While we don't have any information on availability, the Vu can't be too far off now, considering it passed through the FCC at the end of last month. Show of hands - is anybody going to pick it up when it arrives on Verizon's network? Bueller?
Source: reliable
Images: slightly edited to remove sensitive information and version numbers |
This invention relates to an actuator, and in particular to an actuator suitable for use in aerospace applications for use in driving a moveable component between stowed and deployed positions. The invention is particularly applicable to an actuator of the type in which a lock arrangement is provided to resist extension thereof when this is not desired, for example an actuator suitable for use in controlling the deployment of thrust reverser cowls or the like. However, it will be appreciated that the actuator may be used in other applications.
In some applications, as mentioned above, it is important to be able to lock an actuator against movement in order to guard against movement of an associated moveable component other than when required. For example it is important to be able to lock the actuators associated with parts of a thrust reverser system against movement, the lock arrangements used to guard against movement of the moveable component being releaseable under the control of the thrust reverser control system or part of an associated engine control unit when deployment of the moveable component is required. The manner in which the actuator is locked against movement is preferably such that unwanted extension of the actuator either due to the application of external loadings or by the application of drive power to the actuator at times other than when desired is prevented.
One type of actuator commonly used in this type of application comprises a rotatable screw shaft with which a nut cooperates through the intermediary of a ball or roller screw coupling, the nut being held against rotation, for example by virtue of the manner in which it is secured to the moveable component. In use a motor, for example an electrically powered motor, is used to drive the screw shaft for rotation. The rotation of the screw shaft results in axial displacement of the nut, driving the moveable component for movement. The direction of movement of the moveable component is dependent upon the direction of rotation of the screw shaft.
In order to guard against deployment of the moveable component other than when desired it is known to provide a lock arrangement including a lock sleeve which can directly engage the nut. An actuator arrangement, for example in the form of a solenoid actuator, is provided to move the lock sleeve. Arrangements of this type are described in, for example, EP 2048414.
In such arrangements, the nut and lock sleeve are often exposed to environmental conditions which can result in contamination and/or icing that may impede the movement of the lock sleeve, and thereby interfere with the operation of the actuator. In order to overcome icing problems, it may be required to use a solenoid actuator arrangement of greater power than would otherwise be required to ensure that the lock sleeve can still be driven for movement, even when ice formation is impeding such movement. As solenoid actuators of increased power are typically also of increased weight, it will be appreciated that such a solution carries a weight penalty and so is undesirable. |
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<algorithm>
#include<cmath>
#include<utility>
#include<vector>
#include<stack>
#include<queue>
#include<set>
#include<map>
#include<cstring>
#define st first
#define nd second
#define mp make_pair
#define pb push_back
using namespace std;
typedef long long lo;
const int mod=1000000007,N=500005;
lo a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h[1005],arr[N];
vector<lo>v[N];
map<lo,bool>mpi;
bool dfs(lo x){
h[x]=1;
bool ans=0;
if(x==b or x==c) return 1;
for(lo i=0;i<v[x].size();i++){
if(h[v[x][i]]==0) ans=(ans|dfs(v[x][i]));
}
return ans;
}
void sil(lo x,lo y){
mpi.erase(x);
for(lo i=0;i<v[x].size();i++){
if(v[x][i]!=y) sil(v[x][i],x);
}
}
int main(){
ios_base::sync_with_stdio(false);
cin.tie(NULL); cout.tie(NULL);
// freopen("in.txt","r",stdin);
// freopen("out.txt","w",stdout);
cin >> a;
mpi[a]=1;
for(lo i=1;i<=a-1;i++){
lo x,y;
mpi[i]=1;
cin >> x >> y;
v[x].pb(y);
v[y].pb(x);
}
map<lo,bool>::iterator it;
while(mpi.size()>1){
memset(h,0,sizeof h);
b=0,c=0;
for(it=mpi.begin();it!=mpi.end();it++){
if(v[it->st].size()==1){
if(b==0) b=it->st;
else{
c=it->st;
cout << "? " << b << ' ' << c << endl;
fflush(stdout);
lo y;
cin >> y;
h[y]=1;
for(lo i=0;i<v[y].size();i++){
if(dfs(v[y][i])==1){sil(v[y][i],y); v[y].erase(v[y].begin()+i); i--;}
}
break;
}
}
}
}
cout << "! " << mpi.begin()->st << endl;
}
|
. UNLABELLED The process of organ donation and retreat is complex and involves a high cost for hospitals that do it. PURPOSE to survey the expenses with the process of donation and retreat of organs. METHODS retrospective study based on medical records of 32 donors, admitted in the Search Organs Organisation do Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, during the period from January to December of 1999. RESULTS the process is complex and involves a special structure as well as 24 hours of activities, making it costly. Expenses were related with the following items: human resources, permanent material, public utilities, complementary examinations, depreciation of equipment and transportation. A comparison with the values reimbursed by the Single Health System (SUS) followed. CONCLUSION the total cost was high than the reimbursement provided by SUS, showing the necessity of research about cost of procedures and the reinvestment margin. |
def init_zokrates(working_directory):
os.environ['PATH'] = os.environ['PATH']+':'+os.environ['HOME']+'/.zokrates/bin'
os.environ['ZOKRATES_HOME'] = os.environ['HOME']+'/.zokrates/stdlib'
if(subprocess.run('zokrates --version', shell=True, cwd=working_directory, capture_output=True).returncode != 0):
subprocess.run('curl -LSfs get.zokrat.es | sh', shell=True, cwd=working_directory) |
Work distributions for Ising chains in a time-dependent magnetic field. Master equations can be conveniently used to investigate many particle systems driven out of equilibrium by time-dependent external fields. This topic is of vital interest in connection with fluctuation theorems and the associated microscopic work and heat distributions. We present an exact Monte Carlo simulation algorithm, which allows us to study interaction effects on these distributions. The method is applied to an Ising chain with Glauber dynamics. We find that the distributions are characterized by delta and step functions with a smooth part in between. With decreasing sweeping rate of the external field or decreasing interaction strength, the singular part becomes less dominant and the Gaussian fluctuation regime is approached. |
The present invention relates to a split hub wheel apparatus for sequential loading, dipping and unloading of material while selectively sealing the apparatus in an air tight environment. More particularly, this invention pertains to the use of a split hub wheel apparatus for the production of high quality fuel oil and motor fuel from oil shale.
Up until the early 1970's liquid hydrocarbon fuels were plentiful and relatively inexpensive. Such fuels were generally derived from crude petroluem found in the Middle East, Far East, United States, Canada, South America and Africa. The onset of the Arab oil embargo of 1973 and the constant turmoil that has persisted in that area since then has served to sharply decrease world oil supplies and concomitantly quadruple energy costs. Furthermore, the energy picture for the future appears to be very grim with the prediction of higher fuel prices and shortages. Aggravating the world energy situation is the continuing increased consumption of petroleum and petroleum based products such as plastics. With each passing year, the dependence of the world on high priced OPEC oil increases beyond all reasonable bounds. Accordingly, great attention has recently been focused on developing alternate energy sources.
Oil shale is America's most abundant energy resource--even bigger than coal. An estimated 28 trillion barrels of oil are locked in shale deposits in at least 13 states, enough to supply the United States with vital liquid hydrocarbon fuel for hundreds of years.
The Green River Formation covering about 17,000 square miles in parts of Colorado, Utah and Wyoming represent about 21/2 times all the oil reserves in the Western world and the Mideast combined. Furthermore, energy experts predict by the year 1990 the shale oil industry will represent a multi-billion-dollar business capable of producing well over 500,000 barrels of oil per day.
Oil shale is neither an oil nor a shale. The term "oil shale" refers to a carbonaceous rock, i.e. marl--a type of limestone, that contains a high molecular weight organic polymer called kerogen. Kerogen is the oil precursor in the oil shale rock. To extract the kerogen from the oil shale, the oil shale must generally be broken into small pieces and heated to pyrolysis temperatures in the range of between about 800.degree. F. (420.degree. C.) and about 1000.degree. F. (538.degree. C.). Oil cannot be derived from oil shale deposits by solely using solvents. The heating of the oil shale and the subsequent production of kerogen is generally carried out in large ovens called retorts or while the oil shale is still underground (in-situ).
Retorting of the oil shale a pyrolysis temperatures causes decomposition of the kerogen and evolution of the oil trapped in the ore, usually in the form of a condensable vapor. If the kerogen is evolved as a vapor, it is condensed to form a thick, viscous black liquid. In this state, the shale oil liquid can generally be used directly for oil or fuel, i.e. as fuel oil. Before it can be refined into more valuable products, the shale oil liquid must generally be treated with hydrogen, i.e. hydrotreating, to remove excess nitrogen and arsenic. Once upgraded, however, the refined products of shale oil are generally superior to those obtainable from the best Saudi Arabian crude oil.
The art of oil shale retorting traces its origins back to as early as 1694 when a patent issued in England to distill oil "from a kind of stone". In the mid 1850's, oil shale was being produced in France, Scotland, Australia, as well as in the United States. More than 3,000 foreign and domestic patents on shale oil retorting processes and associated equipment have since issued.
The major shale oil retorting processes are Paraho, Superior Circular Grate, Union, Tosco II, Lurgi-Ruhrgas and N-T-U. The Paraho, Union and N-T-U processes all involve vertical retorts utilizing hot gas as the heating medium. The Superior Circular Grate and the Tosco II processes use horizontal retorts. The Tosco II process employs a rotating drum with hot ceramic balls supplying the necessary heat. The Lurgi-Ruhrgas process uses a screw mixer and relies on spent shale for process heating.
A lesser known shale oil retorting process, but one employing an air tight kettle of hot liquid and agitation by revolving arms is the Ryan process. The Ryan process, however, suffers from serious drawbacks in that it is subject to explosions and requires a residence time that is considerably longer than the residence time required by the present invention.
The use of rotating retort drums to conduct shale oil processing and oil distillation is well known in the art and is described by many patents, including the following U.S. Pat. Nos. 356,247; 552,456; 634,818; 635,260; 1,183,457; 1,508,578; 1,656,107; 1,695,914; 1,870,901; 1,905,055; 4,105,536 and 4,125,437. These patents concern rotating drums, rather than rotating arms as utilized in in the present invention.
The use of rotating arms to supply agitation during retorting is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,323,681; 1,598,882; 1,614,220; 1,638,217 and 1,681,946. The arms in these patents, however, are used to agitate the retort fluid rather than to unload and dip the shale ore feed and unload the spent oil shale.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,443,793; 3,558,100 and 3,612,102 disclose rotary valves having stationary inlet and outlet pipes, disposed at an angle to the axis of rotation of a flow chamber. These patents, however, do not describe the unloading, dipping and unloading of material.
U.S. Pat. Nos. 1,461,396 and 2,588,483 describe rotating feeding and dispensing of materials. In both patents, material from a stationary inlet is dropped into a chamber or pocket of a rotating drum. The drum rotates and the material is dispensed by gravity when the pocket or chamber comes into contact with the stationary outlet.
French Patent No. 13,426 illustrates axial feeding and dispensing using a rotary flow chamber.
U.S. Pat. No. 1,513,504 concerns a centrifugal device. This patent discloses a drum having a rotating shaft. The shaft is partially hollow and serves to both feed and discharge liquids from the drum. Connected to the rotating shaft is a hollow perforated ring. This patent doesn't describe the dipping of fed materials in a liquid bath. |
Toward the development of a hybrid approach to speed estimation in urban and rural areas Abstract Objective Given the strong relationship between road accident and traffic speed, the evaluation and prediction of this latter have always been considered as a critical issue for road safety analysis and for the evaluation of road network safety improvements. Prediction models developed to date mainly focused on spot speed in a rural environment or on running speed in an urban one. Very few analyze the speed estimation in transition areas. The objective of this paper is to develop a generalized speed estimation model able to predict mean speed in urban, rural, and transition environment as a function of road layout characteristics. It is believed that the proposed estimation tool can be effectively employed by road engineers in the road safety design and retrofitting stage. Methods The basic idea of the paper is to shed some light on this issue by making use of a hybrid estimation approach able to combine the information gathered from both previously mentioned models within a generalized speed adaptation framework that reflects road user behavior. The calibration and validation of the generalized estimation model have been carried out following a collection of Floating Car Data (FCD) on several candidate sites. Results Preliminary results seem to indicate that the methodology proposed may be effective in estimating the spot speed in two-lane rural and urban arterials. Conclusions FCD data can be useful to develop more efficient estimation models to better manage the safety of urban and rural roads. |
<reponame>LuisMackenzie/MiniTwitter
package com.example.minitwitter.Activities;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.example.minitwitter.MainActivity;
import com.example.minitwitter.retrofit.request.RequestSignup;
import com.example.minitwitter.retrofit.response.ResponseAuth;
import com.example.minitwitter.R;
import com.example.minitwitter.common.Constantes;
import com.example.minitwitter.common.SharedPreferencesManager;
import com.example.minitwitter.retrofit.MiniTwitterClient;
import com.example.minitwitter.retrofit.MiniTwitterService;
import retrofit2.Call;
import retrofit2.Callback;
import retrofit2.Response;
public class SignUpActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
private Button btnSign;
private TextView tvGoLogin;
private EditText etUser, etEmail, etPass;
private MiniTwitterClient client;
private MiniTwitterService service;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_sign_up);
retrofitInit();
getSupportActionBar().hide();
setUpElements();
}
private void retrofitInit() {
client = MiniTwitterClient.getInstance();
service = client.getMiniTwitterService();
}
private void setUpElements() {
etUser = findViewById(R.id.et_name_sign);
etEmail = findViewById(R.id.et_email_sign);
etPass = findViewById(R.id.et_pass_sign);
btnSign = findViewById(R.id.btn_sign);
tvGoLogin = findViewById(R.id.tv_goLogin);
btnSign.setOnClickListener(this);
tvGoLogin.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.btn_sign:
goToSignUp();
break;
case R.id.tv_goLogin:
goToLogin();
break;
}
}
private void goToSignUp() {
String name = etUser.getText().toString();
String email = etEmail.getText().toString();
String pass = etPass.getText().toString();
String code = "UDEMYANDROID";
if (name.isEmpty()) {
etUser.setError("Se requiere nombre de usuario");
} else if (email.isEmpty()) {
etEmail.setError("Se Requiere Email Valido");
} else if (pass.isEmpty() || pass.length() < 4) {
etPass.setError("Se requiere una contraseña válida");
} else {
RequestSignup signup = new RequestSignup(name, email, pass, code);
Call<ResponseAuth> call = service.doSingUp(signup);
call.enqueue(new Callback<ResponseAuth>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(Call<ResponseAuth> call, Response<ResponseAuth> response) {
if (response.isSuccessful()) {
// gUARDAMOS LOS DATOS DEL USER
SharedPreferencesManager.setStringValue(Constantes.PREF_TOKEN, response.body().getToken());
SharedPreferencesManager.setStringValue(Constantes.PREF_USERNAME, response.body().getUsername());
SharedPreferencesManager.setStringValue(Constantes.PREF_EMAIL, response.body().getEmail());
SharedPreferencesManager.setStringValue(Constantes.PREF_PHOTOURL, response.body().getPhotoUrl());
SharedPreferencesManager.setStringValue(Constantes.PREF_CREATED, response.body().getCreated());
SharedPreferencesManager.setBooleanValue(Constantes.PREF_ACTIVE, response.body().getActive());
Intent in = new Intent(SignUpActivity.this, DashboardActivity.class);
startActivity(in);
finish();
} else {
Toast.makeText(SignUpActivity.this, "Algo a ido mal. revise los datos", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
@Override
public void onFailure(Call<ResponseAuth> call, Throwable t) {
Toast.makeText(SignUpActivity.this, "No hay conexion, pruebe de nuevo", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
});
}
}
private void goToLogin() {
Intent i = new Intent(SignUpActivity.this, MainActivity.class);
startActivity(i);
finish();
}
} |
Numerical model of refractive properties of a crystalline lens The numerical model of refractive properties of the eye lens is given. Crystalline lens is presented in a form of hundreds ellipsoidal shells with rotational symmetry, having the constant refractive index inside every shell. The refractive index between the surfaces increases from the cortical shell to the inner one, according to the exponential dependency. To complete the model of the optical system of the eye, the cornea approximated by two ellipsoidal surfaces is added in front of the crystalline lens. Ray tracing procedure is applied to study the refraction of rays through such a system. By changing the refractive index profile, optical properties of given model are analyzed. Results of calculations are compared with experimental data. |
import { useSavingIndicator } from "@/hooks/useSavingIndicator";
import { MenuOutlined } from "@ant-design/icons";
import { Button, Row } from "antd";
import FeedbackForm from "../feedback-form";
import ThemeSwitcher from "../theme-switcher";
export const TopBar = ({ showNavBtn, onMobileNavBtnClick }) => {
const SavingIndicator = useSavingIndicator();
return (
<>
<div>
{showNavBtn && (
<>
<Button
className="menu"
type="text"
icon={<MenuOutlined />}
onClick={() => onMobileNavBtnClick(true)}
/>
</>
)}
</div>
{SavingIndicator}
<Row>
<Button type="link" href="https://docs.letterpad.app/" target="_blank">
Help
</Button>
<FeedbackForm />
<ThemeSwitcher />
</Row>
</>
);
};
|
<gh_stars>100-1000
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import sys
import json
from cvra_bootloader import utils
def parse_commandline_args():
"""
Parses the program commandline arguments.
Args must be an array containing all arguments.
"""
epilog = '''
The configuration file must contained a JSON-encoded map. Example: "{"name":"foo"}".
'''
parser = utils.ConnectionArgumentParser(description='Update config (key/value pairs) on a board', epilog=epilog)
parser.add_argument("-c", "--config", help="JSON file to load config from (default stdin)", type=open, default=sys.stdin, dest='file')
parser.add_argument("ids", metavar='DEVICEID', nargs='+', type=int, help="Device IDs to flash")
return parser.parse_args()
def main():
args = parse_commandline_args()
config = json.loads(args.file.read())
if "ID" in config.keys():
print("This tool cannot be used to change node IDs.")
print("Use bootloader_change_id.py instead.")
sys.exit(1)
connection = utils.open_connection(args)
utils.config_update_and_save(connection, config, args.ids)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
|
Modulation of higher-primate adrenal androgen secretion with estrogen-alone or estrogen-plus-progesterone intervention ObjectiveCirculating adrenal steroids rise during the menopausal transition in most middle-aged women and may contribute to differences in between-women symptoms and ultimate health outcomes. However, the mechanisms for this shift in adrenal steroid production in middle-aged women are not known. This study aims to determine whether hormone therapy (HT) for 1 year can modulate adrenal androgen production. MethodsYounger (9.8 years, n = 20) and older (22.7 years, n = 37) female laboratory macaques were ovariectomized, and each group was treated with different regimens of HT for up to 1 year. Changes in adrenal histology and circulating adrenal androgens were monitored after estrogen-alone (E) or estrogen plus progesterone (E + P) treatment, and these changes were compared with the same measures in similarly aged animals given vehicle. ResultsZona reticularis area, serum dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were higher in younger vehicle-treated animals compared with older vehicle-treated animals (P < 0.02). Both E and E + P treatments decreased circulating DHEAS in the younger group (P < 0.05). Although E treatment also decreased DHEAS in the older group, this was not statistically significant. In contrast, E + P treatment in the older group resulted in a rise in DHEAS over vehicle, which was significantly higher than the results of E treatment (P < 0.01). Circulating concentrations of DHEA exhibited similar trends, but these changes did not reach statistical significance. ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that intervention with ovarian steroids can modulate adrenal androgen production in female higher primates and that both animal age and type of HT regimen determine adrenal response. |
class StationProvider:
""" Class to easily get lists of stations in gtfs format (7 digits) or
transilien's format (8 digits).
Warning: data sources have to be checked ("all" is ok, "top" is wrong).
"""
def __init__(self):
self._all_stations_path = __ALL_STATIONS_PATH__
self._responding_stations_path = __RESPONDING_STATIONS_PATH__
self._top_stations_path = __TOP_STATIONS_PATH__
self._scheduled_stations_path = __SCHEDULED_STATIONS_PATH__
self._stations_per_line_path = __STATIONS_PER_LINE_PATH__
def get_stations_per_line(self, lines=None, uic7=False, full_df=False):
"""
Get stations of given line (multiple lines possible)
:param lines:
:param uic7:
:param full_df:
"""
if lines:
assert isinstance(lines, list)
lines = lines or ['C', 'D', 'E', 'H', 'J', 'K', 'N', 'P', 'U']
# all but 'A', 'Aéroport C', 'B', 'T4', 'L', 'R'
station_path = self._stations_per_line_path
df = pd.read_csv(station_path, sep=";")
matching_stop_times = df.dropna(axis=0, how="all", subset=lines)
if full_df:
return matching_stop_times
stations = matching_stop_times.Code_UIC.apply(str).tolist()
if not uic7:
return stations
return list(map(lambda x: x[0: -1], stations))
def get_station_ids(self, stations="all", gtfs_format=False):
"""
Get stations ids either in API format (8 digits), or in GTFS format
(7 digits).
Beware, this function has to be more tested.
Beware: two formats:
- 8 digits format to query api
- 7 digits format to query gtfs files
:param stations:
:param gtfs_format:
"""
if stations == "all":
station_path = self._all_stations_path
elif stations == "responding":
station_path = self._responding_stations_path
elif stations == "top":
station_path = self._top_stations_path
elif stations == "scheduled":
station_path = self._scheduled_stations_path
else:
raise ValueError(
"stations parameter should be either 'all', 'top'," +
" 'scheduled' or 'responding'"
)
station_ids = np.genfromtxt(station_path, delimiter=",", dtype=str)
if gtfs_format:
# Remove last character
station_ids = map(lambda x: x[:-1], station_ids)
return list(station_ids) |
Criminal autistic psychopathy: The mind of a serial killer. Jeffrey Dahmer, Ted Bundy, Timothy McVeigh, Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, and Mr. Spock are some of the personalities readers will encounter in Michael Fitzgeralds book Young, Violent and Dangerous to Know. Autism, psychopathy, and autistic psychopathy are some of the main concepts that are presented in the book. Indeed, serial killers and autism are possibly two of the hottest topics in mainstream media today. There is no shortage of terrible acts committed by individuals who could be categorized as psychopaths, and Grohol reported that psychopathy and sociopathy were Number 4 in the top 10 psychology, brain, and mental health news topics in 2012. |
Q:
Did Dumbledore use Apparition to make his “stylish escape” from Fudge?
I was wondering, since Dumbledore can hack the enchantments around Hogwarts so he can apparate and disapparate, then was it he who in the Order of the Phoenix (the fifth film) disapparated with Fawkes from Hogwarts, away from Fudge and Umbridge when they were in Dumbledore's office?
A:
Fawkes got Dumbledore out of the office using phoenix magic.
It’s made clearer in the book that Fawkes was the one responsible for his and Dumbledore’s sudden disappearances. Dumbledore grabs onto Fawkes’s tail, then they disappear in a flash of fire.
“Fawkes circled the office and swooped low over him. Dumbledore released Harry, raised his hand and grasped the phoenix’s long golden tail. There was a flash of fire and the pair of them were gone.
‘Where is he?’ yelled Fudge, pushing himself up from the floor. ‘Where is he?” - Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Chapter 27 (The Centaur and the Sneak)
Dumbledore does control the enchantment on Hogwarts that prevents wizards from being able to Apparate and Disapparate there, so he could easily lift it temporarily to let himself Apparate or Disapparate.
“As you may know, it is usually impossible to Apparate or Disapparate within Hogwarts. The Headmaster has lifted this enchantment, purely within the Great Hall, for one hour, so as to enable you to practise. May I emphasise that you will not be able to Apparate outside the walls of this Hall, and that you would be unwise to try.” - Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Chapter 18 (Birthday Surprises)
However, despite it being possible that Dumbledore could Apparate while within Hogwarts, this isn’t what happened when he and Fawkes escaped from Fudge.
Apparition doesn’t have a flash of fire when a wizard Disapparates, there’s just a pop and they’re gone.
“With two loud cracks, Fred and George, Ron’s elder twin brothers, had materialised out of thin air in the middle of the room.” - Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Chapter 5 (The Order of the Phoenix)
However, when a phoenix uses their power to disappear, there is a flash of fire.
“Dumbledore was now stroking Fawkes’s plumed golden head with one finger. The phoenix awoke immediately. He stretched his beautiful head high and observed Dumbledore through bright, dark eyes.
‘We will need,’ Dumbledore said very quietly to the bird, ‘a warning.’
There was a flash of fire and the phoenix had gone.” - Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Chapter 22 (St Mungo’s Hospital for Magical Maladies and Injuries)
This proves that, while both Dumbledore and Fawkes can Apparate and Disapparate in Hogwarts, Fawkes was the one responsible for that specific disappearance away from Fudge and Umbridge. |
Serum concentrations of cycloserine and outcome of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Northern Taiwan. BACKGROUND Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has been advocated to promote the efficacy of anti-tuberculosis agents. Cycloserine (CS) is a second-line anti-tuberculosis drug whose serum concentrations in tuberculosis (TB) patients are largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate serum CS concentrations after drug ingestion in TB patients. METHODS Multidrug-resistant TB patients who were taking CS in a tertiary care centre in northern Taiwan between 1 April 2009 and 31 October 2009 were enrolled in the study. Serum CS concentrations were measured at 2 and 6 h after drug administration. RESULTS Of 32 patients enrolled, 23 were males and 9 females. The mean CS dose was 8.8 ± 1.3 mg/kg. The mean serum concentrations at 2 and 6 h were respectively 19.7 ± 8.3 and 18.1 ± 8.7 g/ml. Seven patients (22%) had serum drug concentrations that were higher at 6 h than at 2 h, 12 (38%) had peak serum concentrations within the recommended range of 20-35 g/ml; 18 patients (56%) had concentrations <20 g/ml at both 2 h and 6 h; and 2 patients (6%) had at least one measurement >35 g/ml. CONCLUSION Lower than recommended serum CS concentrations and delayed absorption were common. It is essential to develop practical TDM to maintain proper serum drug concentrations. |
Topiramate in Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disabling psychiatric disorder that is common among combat veterans and may lead to very poor sleep and disturbing nightmares. Objective: To examine the safety and effectiveness of topiramate as add-on therapy for the management of combat-related PTSD and to examine the effects of topiramate on sleep and alcohol consumption. Methods: We conducted an 8-week open-label pilot study of topiramate (or male combat veterans (N = 43) with PTSD, with analysis of veterans who completed the protocol. Psychometric, sleep, and alcohol consumption assessments were conducted at baseline and at week 8. Results: Twenty-nine subjects completed the 8-week study. Significant reductions in Clinician Administered PTSD Scale scores were observed at the 8-week endpoint (from 86,3 ± 21.1 to 67.1 ± 25.1; p < 0.01). Decreases were seen in both Stanford Sleepiness Scale scores (from 10.5 ± 0.72 to 9.0 ± 0.58; p = 0.08) and Mississippi PTSD scores (from 120.4 ± 6.5 to 111.5 ± 20.9; p = 0.08), but the extent of the changes did not attain statistical significance for either scale. There was a significant reduction in the proportion of patients with nightmares (from 100% to 62%; p < 0.001) and patients who experienced anxiety that interfered with falling asleep (from 90% to 62%; p < 0.05). The proportion of patients with high-risk drinking patterns also decreased (from 31% to 14%). Two serious adverse events were reported during the study: an increase in tow back pain and an episode of acute confusion. Conclusions: When used in addition to other empiric therapy, topiramate may be effective at reducing general symptoms of combat-related PTSD and reducing high-risk alcohol intake and nightmares. Further randomized controlled trials of topiramate for the treatment of combat-related PTSD are warranted. |
Ferric Citrate Hydrate Has Little Impact on Hyperplasia of Enterochromaffin Cells in the Rat Small Intestine Compared to Sodium Ferrous Citrate Introduction: The most detrimental factor preventing the use of oral iron in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia is gastrointestinal side effects accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Anorexia is a known secondary effect of nausea and vomiting. The important gastrointestinal signaling molecule 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is critically involved in not only physiological function but also nausea and vomiting. The present study was designed to compare the effects of the administration of sodium ferrous citrate (SF) and ferric citrate hydrate (FC) to rats on anorexia and hyperplasia of enterochromaffin cells, which mainly synthesize and store 5-HT. Methods: Rats received either SF (3 or 30 mg/kg/day) or FC (30 mg/kg/day) orally for 4 days. Food and water intakes were measured every 24 h during the study. At 96 h after the first administration of the oral iron preparation, the duodenal and jejunal tissues were collected for analysis. Enterochromaffin cells were detected by immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Administration of 3 mg/kg SF had no effect on anorexia but led to increased hyperplasia of enterochromaffin cells in the duodenum (p < 0.1). Administration of 30 mg/kg SF significantly decreased food and water intakes and significantly increased hyperplasia of enterochromaffin cells in the duodenum and jejunum. Alternatively, administration of 30 mg/kg FC had no significant effect on food and water intakes or hyperplasia of enterochromaffin cells. Conclusion: The lower impact on the hyperplasia of enterochromaffin cells of FC compared to SF may contribute to the maintenance of rats physical condition. Introduction Almost one-third of the population worldwide is iron deficient, which is why iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common type of anemia. Because excess iron in the body is toxic and there are no active mechanisms for excreting iron except through blood loss or cell turnover, intestinal iron absorption is strictly controlled in order to maintain healthy iron homeostasis. There-Pharmacology 2022;107:574-583 DOI: 10.1159/000525300 fore, the first-line drugs for the treatment of IDA are oral iron preparations, most of which are ferrous preparations. This is because iron is mainly absorbed from the duodenum or jejunum as ferrous iron via the divalent metal transporter 1. A common side effect of iron preparations is gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation, which directly impair patients' quality of life. Thus, a reduction in GI side effects is closely correlated with the success rate of treatment. In general, ferrous forms are more toxic than ferric forms because ferrous forms easily generate free radicals. Indeed, ferrous forms have been reported to more strongly affect Caco-2 cell viability than ferric forms. Although oral ferrous sulfate preparations are the most popular treatments for IDA worldwide, sodium ferrous citrate (SF), a soluble nonionic iron preparation, is widely used for IDA treatment in Japan. Compared to other oral ferrous preparations, SF releases fewer iron ions and is absorbed from the duodenum and jejunum as a low-molecular-weight polymer. Therefore, among oral ferrous preparations, SF is assumed to have fewer GI side effects. However, it still causes GI side effects in almost 50% of patients. Komatsu et al. showed that ferric citrate hydrate (FC) also increases hemoglobin to levels comparable to IDA treatment with SF. They also showed that FC has fewer GI side effects than SF. Interestingly, although the incidence of diarrhea is the same for SF and FC administration, the incidence of nausea and vomiting is significantly lower with FC than with SF. Nausea and vomiting are also induced by other agents, such as anticancer drugs. The main mechanism of emesis induced in the acute phase by anticancer drugs is thought to be stimulation of the vomiting center of the medulla oblongata via stimulation of 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 (5-HT 3 ) receptors on abdominal vagus nerve fibers by 5-HT, which is released from intestinal enterochromaffin cells following the use of anticancer drugs. Intestinal 5-HT is synthesized by a rate-limiting enzyme, L-tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), and is stored mainly in enterochromaffin cells, which are sparsely located in the intestinal mucosa; nearly 90% of 5-HT content in the body is present in enterochromaffin cells. Therefore, the direct effect of these drugs on the intestinal mucosa is critically involved in the development of GI side effects. Substance P also plays an important role in the elicitation of delayed emesis stimulated by anticancer drugs; it is also contained in enterochromaffin cells . We previously reported that administration of anticancer drugs such as cisplatin, methotrexate, and cyclophosphamide to rats causes hyperplasia of enterochromaffin cells. Therefore, as with the administration of anticancer drugs, oral iron preparations, especially oral ferrous preparations, may lead to hyperplasia of enterochromaffin cells as one of the mechanisms that causes nausea and vomiting. In the present study, we aimed to clarify whether the difference in the incidence of anorexia, which is caused as a secondary effect of nausea and vomiting between SF and FC, is related to a difference in the effect of SF and FC on the hyperplasia of enterochromaffin cells. Materials and Methods Drugs and Reagents SF was purchased from Mitsubishi Chemical Co. (Tokyo, Japan). FC was a generous gift from Japan Tobacco Inc. (Tokyo, Japan). Other reagents used in this study were of special grade, purchased from local suppliers, unless otherwise described. Animals Nine-week-old male Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g were purchased from Japan SLC, Inc. (Shizuoka, Japan). All animals were housed under constant conditions at a room temperature of 22 ± 2°C and humidity of 50 ± 10% with a regular 12-h light (8:00-20:00)-dark (20:00-8:00) cycle and free access to water and food. All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with the Effects of 3 mg/kg SF on TPH and substance P expression in rat duodenal and jejunal tissue. Duodenal (a, e) and jejunal (b, f) tissues were dissected and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for immunohistochemical examination with either anti-TPH antibody (a, b) or anti-substance P antibody (e, f). Scale bar, 100 m. Magnified view of the region indicated by the dotted square in each photograph. c, d, g, and h Show the numbers of either anti-TPH or anti-substance P antibody-positive cells expressing either TPH or substance P in the mucosa (arrows in a, b, e, and f, respectively). Each column represents the mean ± SE (n = 8). Drug Treatment and Measurement of Food/Water Intake SF and FC were suspended in distilled water (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc., Tokushima, Japan) before administration. SF and FC were almost completely dissolved by stirring for more than 1 h. Stirring was continued just prior to administration to maintain the suspension. For 4 consecutive days, 3 or 30 mg/kg/day for SF and 30 for FC mg/kg/day as iron or vehicle alone was administered orally. According to "Estimating the maximum safe starting dose in initial clinical trials for therapeutics in adult healthy volunteers" released by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration, the administration of 30 mg/kg/day of each of SF and FC to rats in the present study is almost equivalent to the therapeutic dose in humans based on body surface area. To measure food and water intake, the rats were placed in individual cages and allowed access to food during the 6-day adaptation period before drug administration. Food and water intakes and body weight were measured every 24 h until the end of the experiment. At 96 h after the first administration of either drug, the rats were euthanized by exsanguination under light anesthesia using isoflurane. The duodenum and jejunum were dissected in approximately 2-cm-long segments and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer and embedded in paraffin for immunohistochemical analysis of 4-micron-thick sections. Effects of 30 mg/kg SF on TPH and substance P expression in rat duodenal and jejunal tissue. Duodenal (a, e) and jejunal (b, f) tissues were dissected and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for immunohistochemical examination with either anti-TPH antibody (a, b) or anti-substance P antibody (e, f). Scale bar, 100 m. Magnified view of the region indicated by the dotted square in each photograph. c, d, g, and h Show the numbers of either anti-TPH or anti-substance P antibody-positive cells expressing either TPH or substance P in the mucosa (arrows in a, b, e, and f, respectively). Each column represents the mean ± SE (n = 12). ***p < 0.001, *p < 0.05 versus control. Machida Immunohistochemical Analysis After deparaffinization, the specimens were incubated at room temperature for 30 min with either an anti-TPH antibody (Merck Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA) or an anti-substance P monoclonal antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA) diluted in Tris-buffered saline. The anti-TPH antibody and anti-substance P antibody-positive cells located in the epithelial mucosa of the villus and crypt were counted under a light microscope. Cells located within the width of 20 villi were counted in two different fields of view, and a mean count was determined for each specimen. Results are presented as the number of anti-TPH antibody-or anti-substance P antibody-positive cells per villus. Statistical Analysis Statistical analysis of the results was performed using either two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a post hoc Tukey's test for multiple comparisons or the Mann-Whitney U test. p values <0.05 were considered significant. Results Consecutive administration of 3 mg/kg SF had no significant effects on food or water intake (Fig. 1a, c). Consecutive administration of 30 mg/kg SF significantly decreased food intake at 48 h, which lasted up to 96 h (Fig. 1b), and transiently and significantly decreased water intake at 48 h (Fig. 1d). Although there was no difference in body weight between control and the administration of 3 mg/kg SF at 96 h, it tended to be decreased by the administration of 30 mg/kg SF (p = 0.078) ( Table 1). No morphological changes or injury in the duodenum and jejunum were observed by SF and FC administration with hematoxylin and eosin staining (data not shown). Consecutive administration of 3 mg/kg SF had no significant effect on the numbers of anti-TPH antibody-positive cells (Fig. 2a-d) or anti-substance P antibody-positive cells (Fig. 2e-h) in either duodenal (Fig. 2a, c, e, g) or jejunal (Fig. 2b, d, f, h) tissue but tended to increase the numbers of both anti-TPH antibody-positive cells (p = 0.083) and anti-substance P antibody-positive cells (p = 0.080) only in duodenal tissue (Fig. 2a, c, e, g). Consecutive administration of 30 mg/kg SF significantly increased the numbers of both anti-TPH antibody-positive cells and anti-substance P antibody-positive cells in duodenal and jejunal tissues (Fig. 3). Consecutive administration of 30 mg/kg FC had no significant effects (p > 0.1) on food or water intake (Fig. 4). There was no difference in body weight between control and the administration of 30 mg/kg FC at 96 h (Table 1). In addition, consecutive administration of 30 mg/kg FC had no significant effects on the numbers of anti-TPH antibody-positive cells or anti-substance P antibody-positive cells in duodenal and jejunal tissues (Fig. 5). Discussion In the present study, we demonstrated that administration of 30 mg/kg of SF to rats caused hyperplasia of enterochromaffin cells in the duodenum and jejunum, in association with anorexia. The anorexia caused by 30 mg/ kg SF may have contributed to the weight loss trend at 96 h. On the other hand, the same dose of FC had no effect on hyperplasia or anorexia. Our results with anorexia are consistent with a report showing that the incidence of nausea and vomiting is significantly lower with FC administration than with SF administration in humans. Pica (the ingestion of kaolin or other nonnutritive substances) in rats is considered a behavior that is analogous to emesis induced by anticancer drugs. Although we have tried to clarify the effects of SF and FC on pica, no clear pica was observed (data not shown). This is probably because the vomiting caused by iron preparations is weaker than that caused by anticancer drugs. Indeed, the pattern of anorexia with 30 mg/kg of SF that appeared 48 h after its first administration was similar to but much weaker than the pattern of anorexia seen when rats were given methotrexate, which is classified as a mild and moderate emetogenic drug among anticancer drugs. At 3 mg/kg SF, there was a trend toward an increased number of enterochromaffin cells only in the duodenum. Further studies are required to determine whether the duodenum is more prone to hyperplasia with ferrous iron than the jejunum. Because 30 mg/kg FC had no effect on the hyperplasia of enterochromaffin cells, the hyperplasia induced by iron may depend on the amount of ferrous iron that directly reaches the cell membrane. Effects of 30 mg/kg FC on TPH and substance P expression in rat duodenal and jejunal tissue. Duodenal (a, e) and jejunal (b, f) tissues were dissected and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for immunohistochemical examination with either anti-TPH antibody (a, b) or anti-substance P antibody (e, f). Scale bar, 100 m. Magnified view of the region indicated by the dotted square in each photograph. c, d, g, and h Show the numbers of either anti-TPH or anti-substance P antibody-positive cells expressing either TPH or substance P in the mucosa (arrows in a, b, e, and f, respectively). Each column represents the mean ± SE (n = 9). The mechanisms underlying the hyperplasia of enterochromaffin cells are not fully understood, but inflammation in the intestine and/or physiological stress with histological damage in the intestine is believed to be one possible cause of the hyperplasia. However, the hyperplasia induced by SF may not be due to either inflammation or physiological stress because there was no histological damage induced by SF and the conditions for the administration of SF and FC were the same. Another possible mechanism for the hyperplasia is the enhancement of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress induces ISC proliferation in the Drosophila midgut, and ROS and 5-HT in the intestinal tissue are upregulated in ozonetreated rats. Excess iron is toxic because it promotes the production of iron-catalyzed ROS, resulting in damage to cell membranes, protein, and DNA. Ferrous iron is a main actor in the Fenton reaction, producing excessive free radicals that attack cell membranes and depress the stability or increase the penetrability of the membrane. It has been reported that ferrous iron more strongly reduces Caco-2 cell viability than ferric iron. It seems that ferrous iron mainly alters membrane stability and penetrability from outside of the cells. In fact, the release of lactate dehydrogenase from Caco-2 cells treated with ferrous iron is higher than that from cells treated with ferric iron, even though the intracellular iron concentration is almost the same. The membrane damage caused by free radicals induced by ferrous may accelerate the differentiation and proliferation of epithelium cells, including enterochromaffin cells, even though SF exerted no obvious histological damage in the intestinal epithelium. In general, the mechanisms of emesis induced by cytotoxic drugs are assumed to be as follows: cytotoxic drugs evoke 5-HT release from enterochromaffin cells in the intestinal mucosa; the released 5-HT stimulates 5-HT receptors on the adjacent vagal afferent nerves; the depolarization of the vagal afferent nerves stimulates the vomiting center in the brainstem and eventually induces a vomiting reflex; and some of the released 5-HT from the enterochromaffin cells is transmitted from the chemoreceptor trigger zone to the vomiting center via the circulation. Ferrous sulfate is reported to increase the resting level of 5-HT release from segments of the guinea pig jejunum, as iron makes its way into enterochromaffin cells and either potentiates internal calcium release or acts on the calcium-dependent release machinery to increase the basal release of 5-HT. Therefore, it is speculated that consecutive administration of SF not only causes hyperplasia of enterochromaffin cells but also potentiates the release of 5-HT from each enterochromaffin cell. Since substance P induces physiological activity via tachykinin NK 1 receptors, tachykinin NK 1 receptor antagonists are clinically used to prevent emesis. Although the main mechanism for preventing emesis involves antagonization of the receptor present in the central nervous system, peripheral substance P and tachykinin NK 1 receptors may also play a role in emesis. Indeed, substance P crosses the blood-brain barrier, suggesting that it can bind to NK 1 receptor in the vomiting center. Furthermore, there is crosstalk between the tachykinin NK 1 and 5-HT 3 receptor signaling pathways. Substance P potentiates the 5-HT 3 receptor-mediated inward current in rat trigeminal ganglion neurons. 5-HT 3 receptor antagonists block substance P-mediated vagal afferent activation, and NK 1 antagonists block serotonin-induced vagal afferent activation. Therefore, an elevated level of substance P induced by hyperplasia may play a role in increasing the risk of vomiting. The possible mechanisms underlying anorexia, which involves nausea and vomiting, in relation to iron preparations are presented in Figure 6. These mechanisms may be involved in the clinically observed differences in nausea and vomiting between SF and FC. Conclusion In summary, we demonstrated that administration of SF to rats caused hyperplasia of enterochromaffin cells in association with anorexia. On the other hand, FC had no effect on either hyperplasia or anorexia. These differences may be due to the amount of extraluminal ferrous iron that directly reaches the cell membrane. The lower impact of FC on the hyperplasia of enterochromaffin cells compared with SF may contribute to the maintenance of rats' physical condition. In addition, in clinical settings where FC formulations are available, the use of FC could contribute to fewer GI side effects. |
<filename>security/src/main/java/zone/cogni/asquare/security/basic/model/UserInfo.java<gh_stars>1-10
package zone.cogni.asquare.security.basic.model;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import zone.cogni.asquare.security.model.AuthenticationToken;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
public class UserInfo {
private final long validTillTime;
private final List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> authorities = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
private final String id;
private final String fullName;
private final String ldapGroup;
private final String email;
private final String telephoneNumber;
public UserInfo(String id, String fullName, String ldapGroup, String email, String telephoneNumber, List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> authorities) {
validTillTime = Long.MAX_VALUE;
this.id = id;
this.fullName = fullName;
this.ldapGroup = ldapGroup;
this.email = email;
this.telephoneNumber = telephoneNumber;
this.authorities.addAll(authorities);
}
public String getId() {
return id;
}
private long calculateValidTillTime(long cacheMaxAge) {
if (0 == cacheMaxAge) return 0L; //already invalid
if (-1 == cacheMaxAge) return Long.MAX_VALUE; //valid till end of times (sun explodes and stuff like that)
return System.currentTimeMillis() + cacheMaxAge;
}
public boolean isValid() {
return validTillTime >= System.currentTimeMillis();
}
public AuthenticationToken convertToAuthenticationToken() {
AuthenticationToken authenticationToken = new AuthenticationToken(id);
setInfo(authenticationToken);
return authenticationToken;
}
public void setInfo(AuthenticationToken auth) {
auth.getAuthorities().addAll(authorities);
auth.setFullName(fullName);
auth.setLdapGroup(ldapGroup);
auth.setEmail(email);
auth.setTelephoneNumber(telephoneNumber);
}
}
|
Design and Simulation of Improved Soft Computing Based MPPT for Solar PV System Under Variable Irradiance Condition Renewable energy sources are becoming more common in the energy generation field these days. Renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic (PV) systems, wind power (WP), and biomass are gaining popularity due to their ease of use, low cost, and low environmental impact. The environmental issues, declining fuel supplies, and increasing energy demands have drawn our attention to the glimmer of hope for a future focused entirely on sustainable and non-polluting energy sources. Photovoltaic (PV) power generation is becoming more common in comparison to other renewable energy sources due to advantages such as ease of access, low cost, low environmental emissions, and lower maintenance costs. In this dissertation, three separate Maximum power point monitoring techniques are used to construct a solar PV system (MPPT). Modeling and simulation using the MATLAB Simulink programmeare being used to check the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The model is investigated using two partial shading patterns. By providing different values of input radiations to all four modules connected in sequence, we were able to create partial shading conditions using the PV array block. The panel's output is fed to the optimization technique block, which then feeds the boost converter from their duty cycle output. Under partial shading, the results show that the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm outperforms the Perturb and Observe and Incremental Conductance algorithms.. I. INTRODUCTION Solar cell is a photovoltaic principle-based electronic device that directly converts light energy into energy. It depends directly on how much light strikes the cells, the more light on the cell and the more powerIt makes it. To maximise the power supply from installed solar panelsSpacecraft are so designed that the panels face the sun constantlyRest of the body of the spacecraft may move and face a different direction.As we are all aware, energy from the sun (not a limited source) is renewable and isElectricity source totally unpolluted. Fossil fuels have been excavated, not burned.solar panels are a finite source of energy from the ground of large power plantsDirectly convert sunlight to power without harmful emissions.Solar cell directly converts light energy to direct electricity (DC). Solar cell is the basic unit of one or more layers of solar panelsWafers like silicone in semiconductors. When light photons strike these cellsDue to the "photovoltaic effect," they lead to power generation in the sunlight.Electric currents fluctuate between cells. 2)Single PV cell generates usually less than 2 W with about 0.5 V DC. So, to get therePower and voltage level desired, number of PV cells have to be connectedin a parallel-series setup.Tens of these PV cells, called solar modules, are packed togetherPacked into a single unit for the formation of solar panels on the roof once more,Arranged for maximising their direct sunlight exposure hours. Electrical powerThe direct current (DC) generated by all of these solar cells is whyCurrent is then sent to an inverter which makes it the alternative equivalent(AC).The obtained AC is then ready for home use or even for local use by appliancesNetwork for the distribution of electricity.Solar cells form a "module" which supplies current and voltage (and therefore power). For example, in a framework to frame a 12-volt module, 24 solar cells must be connected. A solar cell series is also known as a photovoltaic module. Current voltage opportunities are correlated with power. The power rating of a PV module is often quoted as the power output of the Module when sunlight occurs at 1000 watts/meter2 and the temperature is 25 o C. This is a middle of the unmistakable summer day with average sunlight. Therefore, a 1 square module with an efficiency of 15% would achieve a return of 150 Watts early afternoon. A photovoltaic (PV) exhibit contains a range of photovoltaic modules designed to generate power. A PV display can consist of a single module and, depending on the number and output, its output can move from a few watts to a large amount of megaWatts. A photovoltaic display generates the direct current From battery charging to a suitable device powering a structure or town in a mini-computer. When a PV cluster is connected to the utilities network, an inverter should be initially connected, which will change the current immediate current. The efficiency of most inverters is around 90 percent. The new inversion systems are advanced and produce extremely clean, constantly voltage electricity. By clean power one means that the spinning current is like a sine wave almost without mutilation or harmonics. The aim is to improve solar photovoltaic system operational efficiency through 2 shows that the MPP depends on some conditions like theThe level of irradiance is here referred to by the symbol "G," for example. In other waysG values, the corresponding shift can be seen from the graphMPP's values.A MPPT algorithm must therefore be used to continuously track the MPP.The maximum power instance leads to higher system efficiency. InThe demand for load can be higher than that provided by the PV for various applicationsSystem. There are therefore many different approaches that range from simple to simpleParameter relationships to time-based analysis to maximisePV systems power generation. Fig. 1.3: Incremental Conductance MPPT Method In determining solar cell efficiency, temperature also plays an important role. By theincrease of temperature, increases the rate of photon generation, leading to band gap reduced because of the reverse saturation current is increasing. This process therefore leads to aMarginal current change but considerable voltage difference.With each of themThe cell voltage reduces by a step 2.2V the temperature rise degree.Thus, solar cell performance and temperature share a negative relation. In cold and bright sunny days, cells show their best performance rather than warm and hot.Sunny days luminous. Solar panels are currently produced with non-silicon materialsThose that are insensitive to temperature. They are thus used under or near the roomConditions of temperature. The incremental is based on the observation of the P-V curve.The method of INC was proposed to track maximm power. It is to overcome this algorithmThe P&O algorithm has some of the disadvantages. The highest power wastracked by the relationship between the current variation and the variationvoltage and the negative voltage power ration, i.e. dI/dV and -I/V.The fundamental principle governing the progressive behaviour method is thatThe photovoltaic module P-V curve is zero at the highest point of power, positiveThe maximum point on the left and the negative on the right. This is possible by,Therefore, the maximum power point to the right of the point, i.e. dI/dV<-I/VTo reach the MPP, the PV panel operating voltage must then be decreased.The method of incremental conductivity gives greater efficiency than the method of P&O.It reduces power loss by significantly reducing oscillations and thus the systemcost has been lowered. III. PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION PSO provides a search program based on population, in which individuals are called partial changes, their position in time. In the PSO system, the particles fly in a multidimensional search space. Each particle adjusts its position according to it during the flight. Own experience and experience Adjacent particles, using the best position It is found by itself and its neighbors. Optimum in the multidimensional space that seeks a solution to move each particle of the group. Get the best point by adding the speed position. The velocity of the particle is affected by three components, namely inertia, cognitive and society. The inertial component simulates the inertial behavior of birds that fly in the previous direction. The cognitive components mimic the memory of the birds on their best location and the social component simulates the birds' memory, the best location in some of the trees. Movement of particles around the multidimensional search space until they find the best solution. The speed of modification of each one can use the current speed and the calculation agent. The distance to Pbest and Gbest is as follows. The modified velocity equation is given by: The convergence characteristic of the system can be controlled by. The contraction factor (CFA) be method must be greater than 4.0 to guarantee stability. But as the Increase of the K factor is reduced, diversification is reduced, it produces a slower reaction. Usually, when contraction factors are used, is set to 4.1 (ie, C1, C2 = Therefore, the constant multiplier K is 0.729.QPSO, proposed and developed by Sun et al., Is the expansion of the PSO in the field of quantum computing The concept of qubits and revolving doors are here to present the improvement of demographic characteristics Diversity Qubit and angle Represents the state of the particle instead of the position and velocity of the particle completed in the Basic PSO Therefore, QPSO has powerful search capabilities and powerful search capabilities.Convergencefeature.The basic difference between a qubit bit and a classical bit is that the latter can remain at the same time Superposition of two different quantum states, | ⟩ = |0⟩ + |1⟩ In the above equation, and are complex numbers that satisfy the equation | | 2 + | | 2 = 1 The rotation state is represented by | 0> and the rotation state is It is represented by | 1>. As can be seen from, a qubit is Represents two information states (| 0> and | 1>) simultaneously. This superposition state can also expressed as | ⟩ = sin |0⟩ + cos |1⟩ Where the phase of the qubit is represented by the relation among and The relation among and can be defined as the position of the particle in QPSO. IV. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY PSO technique is carried out in two step namely Particle initialization and function evaluation. In first step the particle is initialized and the parameters are controlled which is very important because this step in a way controls the exploration and exploitation and hence improves the result.In Particle Swarm Optimization technique, a term called velocity clamping is utilized which basically helps the particle to stay within the boundary and take reasonable step sizes so as to comb throughout the searching space. The importane of velocity clamping lies in the fact that without this, the process could explode and the position of particle change rapidly. Maximumvelocity controls the granularity of the searching area by creating a quick balance between local and global exploration. Hence we can say that velocity clamping varies the step size of the particle and its searching direction.If the swarm size is big, then we have to cover larger parts of the search space in every iteration which in turn increases the complexity and time involved.Comparing to other optimization techniques, PSO method somewhat has lower sampling time,ability to swiftly converge towards an optimum solution, doesnot require gradient information of the function, simple mathematical analysis using primitive operators, easy to implement, economical to use provides faster tracking under changing environmental parameters, faster and has higher efficiency. It gives updated convergence velocity steadily. In addition to this, it provides us with the utmost efficiency utilization with no requirement of initial parameter calculation, dreivative free algorithm, limited number of parameters, less dependent on initial points.Since we require an efficient and accurate solar system, hence we need to consider weather conditions. The two main environment factors which affect the system performance are temperature and solar radiations. In order to avoid the PV mismatch problem, we have drawn the characteristics curve in both conditions i.e. normal and partial shading. From the curves, we found that during partial shading on cloudy day, multiple peaks occur while in normal condition we obtain only one peak. Fig. 1.5: Simulation of Solar PV System Operational Condition The multiple peaks obtained during partial shading can be better called as local peak and among them we have to find the highest one which is the global power peak and hence this way the challenge to find the maximum value of power point is aggravated further.During shading conditions, various problems are need to be taken into account like cost, algorithm, complexity of the system and hence proper connection need to be made so that the system works properly under varying atmospheric conditions..Particle swarm optimization is the most sought after technique when it comes to the case of partial shading owing to its effectiveness and higher tracking speed. It manages the optimal voltage in the best way which makes it easier to locate the maximum power point. In this approach, various parameters are pre decided before starting. After that, we need to choose a vector voltage ( V1 to Vd, where 'd' is module) which is managed with the system in order to track the maximum power point. Here we compare output voltage with the actual voltage. The coding for this algorithm is written in the MATLAB software. From the flowchart, we found a function 'F' whichdoesnot remain constant and changes with the weather and hence the condition function is re-initialized again and again to get the new maximum power point. The PV system comprises of a PV array connected to a DC/DC boost converter whose duty cycle is managed by the PSO optimization technique. In our system, we have divided two PV modules into four groups which further contains 18 cells connected in series with the bypass diode. Among the four groups, some receive partial shading while some are getting half and full. The voltage obtained from the PV array is passed through the converter which consist of a MOSFET switch, inductor, capacitors and load resistance. Results have been explained with the figure of merits. The graph and plots explains the performance of the simulated system. Figure 1.8 represents the current whereas 1.9 represents the voltage of the solar PV system. The voltage and current matrix is given to deduce the characteristics and it serve the objective function to maximize the power with selection of optimum duty cycle. Table1 represents the implementation of different algorithms under partial shading condition and it can be clearly perceived that the PSO algorithm tracks the maximum power after some transient response which occur during the first 0.001 seconds. Also, there are many iterations before it attains the steady state response. We can clearly see that the algorithm starts tracking from the initial 0.0 second and achieve steady state in 0.001 seconds while other algorithms take longer time. Also, PSO is able to track more power than other algorithms. Hence it can be said that PSO algorithm performs better under variable temperature and radiation conditions.The introduction of an efficient charge controller based on an intelligent maximum energy monitoring system increases solar photovoltaic system operating efficiency. With Solar Photovoltaic system storage applications and high power inversors, a batterycontaminated charging controller can be interacted. VI.CONCLUSION During this research, improved PSO based power point controller has been designed to monitor efficiently with variable irradiance and complex operating conditions. The maximum power point was extracted from I V characteristics of photovoltaic systems, and has managed the soft computer program based controls with boost configuration and operating cycles based on enhanced PSO methodology. The controller is connected to the PV modules and the battery on the storage system and on the inverter. In accordance with current research aspects, an improvement is made in the operating efficiency of the photovoltaic solar system through the use of an efficient power converter equipped of a soft-computer MPPT controller. The introduction of an efficient charge controller based on an intelligent maximum energy monitoring system increases solar photovoltaic system operating efficiency. The research can be extended to include inclusion of deep learning convolutional neural network for design and analysis of photovoltaic system. |
Modelling of the Peroxide Degradation of Polypropylene Abstract A fully-predictive mathematical model has been developed for the peroxide promoted degradation of polypropylene in a plasticating single-screw extruder. The model is based on a free radical kinetic mechanism for the degradation reaction and on conventional plasticating extrusion theory. Solids conveying, melting, melt pumping and reaction phenomena have been combined and the interactions between flow pattern, mass and heat transfer fields via residence time distribution and the chemorheology of the reactive melt have been considered. Given the geometrical configuration of the screw, the operating conditions and the physical properties of the starting polymer, the model can predict: flow rate, pressure, temperature and molecular weight profiles in the extruder channel and in the die, and the residence time distribution in the system. Finally, model predictions are compared with experimental data from runs on a 38mm, 24:1 L/D single-screw extruder using various peroxide concentrations and rotational screw speeds. |
package uk.gov.ons.ctp.response.actionexporter.util;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.UUID;
import org.apache.http.auth.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import uk.gov.ons.ctp.response.common.util.PostgresResponseAware;
import uk.gov.ons.ctp.util.HTTPResponseAware;
import uk.gov.ons.ctp.util.World;
/**
* Created by <NAME> on 03/05/16.
*/
public class ActionExporterResponseAware {
private static final String GET_ACTION_REQUESTS_ALL_URL = "/actionrequests";
private static final String GET_ACTION_REQUESTS_URL = "/actionrequests/%s";
private static final String POST_ACTION_REQUESTS_URL = "/actionrequests/%s";
private static final String GET_TEMPLATES_ALL_URL = "/templates";
private static final String GET_TEMPLATES_URL = "/templates/%s";
private static final String POST_TEMPLATE_URL = "/templates/%s";
private static final String GET_TEMPLATE_MAPPINGS_ALL_URL = "/templatemappings";
private static final String GET_TEMPLATE_MAPPINGS_URL = "/templatemappings/%s";
private static final String POST_TEMPLATE_MAPPINGS_URL = "/templatemappings/%s";
private static final String GET_REPORTS_URL = "/reports/types";
private static final String GET_REPORT_TYPE_URL = "/reports/types/%s";
private static final String GET_REPORT_URL = "/reports/%s";
private static final String INFO_URL = "/info";
private static final String USERNAME = "cuc.collect.username";
private static final String PASSWORD = "<PASSWORD>";
private static final String SERVICE = "actionexp";
private World world;
private HTTPResponseAware responseAware;
private final PostgresResponseAware postgresResponseAware;
/**
* Constructor - also gets singleton of http request runner
*
* @param newWorld class with application and environment properties
* @param dbResponseAware DB runner
*/
public ActionExporterResponseAware(final World newWorld, final PostgresResponseAware dbResponseAware) {
this.world = newWorld;
this.responseAware = HTTPResponseAware.getInstance();
responseAware.enableBasicAuth(world.getProperty(USERNAME), world.getProperty(PASSWORD));
this.postgresResponseAware = dbResponseAware;
}
/**
*
* Action Exporter Endpoints.
*/
/**
* /actionrequests get endpoints for actionexporter
*
* @throws IOException IO exception
* @throws AuthenticationException authentication exception
*/
public void invokeActionExporterAllActionRequestsEndpoint() throws IOException, AuthenticationException {
responseAware.invokeGet(world.getUrl(GET_ACTION_REQUESTS_ALL_URL, SERVICE));
}
/**
* /actionrequests/{actionId} get endpoints for actionexporter
*
* @param actionId the Id to be checked for
* @throws IOException IO exception
* @throws AuthenticationException authentication exception
*/
public void invokeActionExporterEndpoint(UUID actionId) throws IOException, AuthenticationException {
final String url = String.format(GET_ACTION_REQUESTS_URL, actionId);
responseAware.invokeGet(world.getUrl(url, SERVICE));
}
/**
* /actionrequests/{actionId} post endpoints.
*
* @param actionId action id
* @param properties for JSON payload
* @throws IOException IO exception
* @throws AuthenticationException authentication exception
*/
public void invokeExecuteActionExporterEndpoints(String actionId, Properties properties)
throws IOException, AuthenticationException {
final String url = String.format(POST_ACTION_REQUESTS_URL, actionId);
responseAware.invokeJsonPost(world.getUrl(url, SERVICE), properties);
}
/**
* /templates get endpoints for actionexporter
*
* @throws IOException IO exception
* @throws AuthenticationException authentication exception
*/
public void invokeActionExporterTemplatesAllEndpoint() throws IOException, AuthenticationException {
responseAware.invokeGet(world.getUrl(GET_TEMPLATES_ALL_URL, SERVICE));
}
/**
* /templates/{templateName} get endpoints for actionexporter
*
* @param templateName the templateName to be checked for
* @throws IOException IO exception
* @throws AuthenticationException authentication exception
*/
public void invokeActionExporterTemplateEndpoint(String templateName) throws IOException, AuthenticationException {
final String url = String.format(GET_TEMPLATES_URL, templateName);
responseAware.invokeGet(world.getUrl(url, SERVICE));
}
/**
* /templates/{templateName} post endpoint.
*
* @param templateName template name
* @param file to be sent to ActionExporter Template Endpoint
* @throws IOException IO exception
* @throws AuthenticationException authentication exception
*/
public void invokePostActionExporterTemplateEndpoint(String templateName, MultipartFile file) throws IOException,
AuthenticationException {
final String url = String.format(POST_TEMPLATE_URL, templateName);
responseAware.invokeMultipartFilePost(world.getUrl(url, SERVICE), file);
}
/**
* /templatemappings get endpoint for actionexporter
*
* @throws IOException IO exception
* @throws AuthenticationException authentication exception
*/
public void invokeActionExporterTemplateMappingsAllEndpoint() throws IOException, AuthenticationException {
responseAware.invokeGet(world.getUrl(GET_TEMPLATE_MAPPINGS_ALL_URL, SERVICE));
}
/**
* /templatemappings/{actionType} get endpoint for actionexporter
*
* @param actionType the action type to be checked for
* @throws IOException IO exception
* @throws AuthenticationException authentication exception
*/
public void invokeActionExporterTemplateMappingsEndpoint(String actionType) throws IOException,
AuthenticationException {
final String url = String.format(GET_TEMPLATE_MAPPINGS_URL, actionType);
responseAware.invokeGet(world.getUrl(url, SERVICE));
}
/**
* /templatemappings/{actiontype} post endpoint.
*
* @param actionType for ActionExporter Template Mappings Endpoint
* @param properties to be sent to ActionExporter Template Mappings Endpoint
* @throws IOException IO exception
* @throws AuthenticationException authentication exception
*/
public void invokePostActionExporterTemplateMappingsEndpoint(String actionType, Properties properties)
throws IOException, AuthenticationException {
final String url = String.format(POST_TEMPLATE_MAPPINGS_URL, actionType);
final ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
String json = "[" + om.writeValueAsString(properties) + "]";
System.out.println(json);
responseAware.invokeJsonPost(world.getUrl(url, SERVICE), json);
}
/**
* Test post request for /info response
*
* @throws IOException pass the exception
* @throws AuthenticationException pass the exception
*/
public void invokeInfoEndpoint() throws IOException, AuthenticationException {
responseAware.invokeGet(world.getUrl(INFO_URL, SERVICE));
}
/**
* Test get request for /reports/types
*
* @throws IOException pass the exception
* @throws AuthenticationException pass the exception
*/
public void invokeGetAllReportsEndpoint() throws IOException, AuthenticationException {
responseAware.invokeGet(world.getUrl(GET_REPORTS_URL, SERVICE));
}
/**
* Test get request for /reports/types/{reportTypes}
*
* @param reportType to be retrieved
* @throws IOException pass the exception
* @throws AuthenticationException pass the exception
*/
public void invokeGetTypeReportsEndpoint(String reportType) throws IOException, AuthenticationException {
final String url = String.format(GET_REPORT_TYPE_URL, reportType);
responseAware.invokeGet(world.getUrl(url, SERVICE));
}
/**
* Test get request for /reports/{reportId}
*
* @param reportId to be retrieved
* @throws IOException pass the exception
* @throws AuthenticationException pass the exception
*/
public void invokeGetReportsByIdEndpoint(String reportId) throws IOException, AuthenticationException {
if (reportId == null || reportId.length() == 0) {
reportId = postgresResponseAware.getFieldFromRecord("id", "actionexporter.report");
}
final String url = String.format(GET_REPORT_URL, reportId);
responseAware.invokeGet(world.getUrl(url, SERVICE));
}
}
|
// DlcCommitScript makes a script that pays to (PubKeyPeer+PubKeyOracleSig or
// (OurPubKey and TimeDelay)). We send this over (signed) to the other side. If
// they publish the TX with the correct script they can use the oracle's
// signature and their own private key to claim the funds from the output.
// However, if they send the wrong one, they won't be able to claim the funds
// and we can claim them once the time delay has passed.
func DlcCommitScript(pubKeyPeer, pubKeyOracleSig, ourPubKey [33]byte,
delay uint16) []byte {
combinedPubKey := CombinePubs(pubKeyPeer, pubKeyOracleSig)
return CommitScript(combinedPubKey, ourPubKey, delay)
} |
Book Review: 'Leaving Richard's Valley,' By Michael DeForge Artist Michael DeForge's enigmatic new graphic novel is all about ambivalence — belonging, displacement, escape and return. Also, strangely charming, blobby animals with all-too-human feelings.
People who talk about comics talk a lot about connection. An image, after all, can spark understanding instantaneously, linking the artist's mind with the reader's in a millisecond while mere words — so weighty and awkward by comparison — lumber to catch up. It's no accident that the medium has always been associated with the semi-literate masses and with children; you don't have to learn to read a comic panel to be influenced by the person who drew it. Even within that panel, the cartoonist's standard drawing style of "distillation and condensation" (as Hillary Chute, er, distills it) can itself force a sense of identification. Scott McCloud famously wrote that when you look at a realistic drawing of a face, you see someone else, but when you look at a stripped-down cartoon face, "you see yourself."
Michael DeForge isn't sure whether or not he wants you to see yourself. He's profoundly ambivalent about his art form's power to hijack the reader's brain. But unlike other, similarly divided creators, he revels in a sense of ironical glee at his own dilemma. In books like Big Kids, Sticks Angelica, Folk Hero and now Leaving Richard's Valley, he alternately embraces, then rejects reader-friendly styles, images and themes. His comics have a vibrating, push-pull energy that can be either fatally off-putting or — equally fatally? — addictive.
[DeForge's] comics have a vibrating, push-pull energy that can be either fatally off-putting or — equally fatally? — addictive.
Even the narrative of Leaving Richard's Valley is about ambivalence: belonging, displacement, escape and return. Richard, a mysteriously charismatic man who's obsessed with avoiding "toxins," has gathered together a group of people and animals to live communally in an Edenic valley. A few of the animals transgress against Richard's rules and are expelled, condemned to wander through a hostile city. Meanwhile, as other city dwellers attempt to form a cult similar to Richard's, the creatures back in the valley reconsider their relationships with the man — who eventually begins to doubt himself.
There's a lot here to draw the reader in, but DeForge blends it with an equal measure of ideas that repel. After the animals are kicked out, we learn the "valley" is just one corner of a city park in Toronto. The animals' struggles seem alternately pathetic and ridiculous — certainly not dire. There's a raccoon who wants to make noise music and a spider who wants to be a hand model.
Anything approaching a serious moment is usually followed by a joke, and the jokes are alienating, too: cheesy, "slice-of-modern-life" humor that makes you roll your eyes as you smile. "When I look back at this time in my life, I'll be able to say, 'I was a part of something'... yes, I'll remember this time fondly," a kitten muses. "Unfortunately, I'm completely unable to appreciate any of this in the moment."
More profound than the push-pull of DeForge's narrative, though, is the complex ambiguity of his art. Those animals whose journey we're following? We only know they're animals at all because the text tells us so. What they actually look like are white blobs bearing varying resemblances to raccoons, frogs or spiders. In fact, they've been "distilled and condensed" until they're nothing more than parodies of the idea of relatable characters. When their actions and dialogue evoke fellow-feeling (the plight of the would-be noise musician is rather poignant, as is a cranky frog's struggle for self-actualization) their rudimentary, inexpressive little faces and blobby limbs rebuke the reader's sympathy.
Around these unsatisfying characters, DeForge builds an intermittently beautiful world. He'll fill a page with elegant patterns in a flat, decorative style, then turn around and paste in rudely xeroxed photos as backgrounds. His drawings of people are uglier than his animals, which at least have a pristine primordiality in their whiteness. On the other hand, you can tell that his people are, indeed, people. His "raccoons" look like giant hearts with legs.
DeForge's enigmatic visuals would be absorbing even without a narrative that so elegantly reinscribes his aesthetic concerns. Leaving Richard's Valley was originally a webcomic, but this big volume feels like the best way to savor it. Taken alone, any one of these comics may seem pointless or flummoxing. All together? They feel like an elaborate, extended joke — one that you really want to be in on.
Etelka Lehoczky has written about books for The Atlantic, The Los Angeles Review of Books and The New York Times. She tweets at @EtelkaL. |
Identification of cancer stem cells from human glioblastomas: growth and differentiation capabilities and CD133/prominin1 expression CD133 can be a marker of tumorigenic CSCs (cancer stem cells) in human GBM (glioblastoma multiforme), although tumorigenic CD133negative CSCs have been also isolated. Additional evidence indicates that CSCs from GBM exhibit different phenotypes, with increasing interest in the potential significance of the different CSCs with respect to diagnosis, prognosis and the development of novel targets for treatment. We have analysed the expression of CD133 in freshly isolated cells from 15 human GBM specimens. Only 4 of them contained cells positive for AC133 by FACS analysis, and all of them yielded distinct CSC lines, whereas only 6 CSC lines were obtained from the other 11 GBMs. Of these 10 CSCs lines, we further characterized 6 CSC lines. Three CSCs grew as fastgrowing neurospheres with higher clonogenic ability, whereas the remaining 3 grew as slowgrowing semiadherent spheres of lower clonogenicity. In addition, the former CSC lines displayed better differentiation capabilities than the latter ones. PCR and Western blot analysis showed that all 6 GBM CSC lines expressed CD133/prominin1, suggesting that cells negative by FACS analysis may actually represent cells expressing low levels of CD133 undetected by FACS. Nevertheless, all the 6 CSC lines were tumorigenic in nude mice. In conclusion, CSCs from human primary GBMs show different phenotypes and variable levels of CD133 expression, but these parameters did not directly correlate with the tumorigenic potential. |
/* ************************************************************************** */
/* */
/* ::: :::::::: */
/* ft_implode.c :+: :+: :+: */
/* +:+ +:+ +:+ */
/* By: pribault <<EMAIL>> +#+ +:+ +#+ */
/* +#+#+#+#+#+ +#+ */
/* Created: 2018/01/15 20:22:33 by pribault #+# #+# */
/* Updated: 2018/02/03 14:46:08 by pribault ### ########.fr */
/* */
/* ************************************************************************** */
#include "libft.h"
char *ft_implode(char **array, char c)
{
size_t size;
size_t i;
char *s;
if (!array)
return (NULL);
size = 0;
i = (size_t)-1;
while (array[++i])
size += ft_strlen(array[i]);
if (!size)
return (ft_strdup(""));
if (!(s = malloc(sizeof(char) * (size + ft_arraylen(array)))))
return (NULL);
size = 0;
i = (size_t)-1;
while (array[++i])
{
ft_memcpy(s + size + i, array[i], ft_strlen(array[i]));
size += ft_strlen(array[i]);
s[size + i] = c;
}
s[size + i - 1] = '\0';
return (s);
}
|
Triage assessment of cardiorespiratory risk status based on measurement of the anaerobic threshold, and estimation by patient-reported activity limitation BACKGROUND: Rapid triaging, as in the current COVID-19 pandemic, focuses on age and pre-existing medical conditions. In contrast, preoperative assessments use cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) to categorise patients to higher and lower risk independent of diagnostic labels. Since CPET is not feasible in population-based settings, our aims included evaluation of a triage/screening tool for cardiorespiratory risk. METHODS: CPET-derived anaerobic thresholds were evaluated retrospectively in 26 patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) who represent a challenging group to risk-categorise. Pulmonary AVM-induced hypoxaemia secondary to intrapulmonary right-to-left shunts, anaemia from underlying hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia and metabolic equivalents derived from the 13-point Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ) were evaluated as part of routine clinical care. Pre-planned analyses evaluated associations and modelling of the anaerobic threshold and patient-specific variables. RESULTS: In the 26 patients (aged 21-77, median 57 years), anaerobic threshold ranged from 7.6-24.5 (median 12.35) ml.min-1kg-1 and placed more than half of the patients (15, 57.7%) in the >11 ml.min-1kg-1 category suggested as lower-risk for intra-abdominal surgeries. Neither age nor baseline SpO2 predicted anaerobic threshold, or lower/higher risk categories, either alone or in multivariate analyses, despite baseline oxygen saturation (SpO2) ranging from 79 to 99 (median 92)%, haemoglobin from 108 to 183 (median 156)g.L-1. However, lower haemoglobin, and particularly, arterial oxygen content and oxygen pulse were associated with increased cardiorespiratory risk: Modelling a haemoglobin increase of 25g.L-1 placed a further 7/26 (26.9%) patients in a lower risk category. For patients completing the VSAQ, derived metabolic equivalents were strongly associated with anaerobic threshold enabling risk evaluations through a simple questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: Baseline exercise tolerance may override age and diagnostic labels in triage settings. These data support approaches to risk reduction by aerobic conditioning and attention to anaemia. The VSAQ is suggested as a rapid screening tool for cardiorespiratory risk assessment to implement during triage/screening. |
r"""
This module is not meant to be used directly. Please look at one of the modules
it provides:
servermanager
pvfilters
vtk
numeric
util
simple
"""
#==============================================================================
#
# Program: ParaView
# Module: __init__.py
#
# Copyright (c) Kitware, Inc.
# All rights reserved.
# See Copyright.txt or http://www.paraview.org/HTML/Copyright.html for details.
#
# This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
# the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
# PURPOSE. See the above copyright notice for more information.
#
#==============================================================================
class compatibility:
"""Class used to check version number and compatibility"""
minor = None
major = None
def GetVersion(cls):
if compatibility.minor and compatibility.major:
version = float(compatibility.minor)
while version > 1.0:
version = version / 10.0
version += float(compatibility.major)
return version
return None
GetVersion = classmethod(GetVersion)
def make_name_valid(name):
"""Make a string into a valid Python variable name."""
if not name:
return None
import string
valid_chars = "_%s%s" % (string.ascii_letters, string.digits)
name = str().join([c for c in name if c in valid_chars])
if not name[0].isalpha():
name = 'a' + name
return name
class options:
"""Values set here have any effect, only when importing the paraview module
in python interpretor directly i.e. not through pvpython or pvbatch. In
that case, one should use command line arguments for the two
executables"""
"""When True, act as pvbatch. Default behaviour is to act like pvpython"""
batch = False
"""When True, acts like pvbatch --symmetric. Requires that batch is set to
True to have any effect."""
symmetric = False
def print_warning(text):
"""Print text"""
print text
def print_error(text):
"""Print text"""
print text
def print_debug_info(text):
"""Print text"""
print text
"""This variable is set whenever Python is initialized within a ParaView
Qt-based application. Modules within the 'paraview' package often use this to
taylor their behaviour based on whether the Python environment is embedded
within an application or not."""
fromGUI = False
|
Effect of the management of patients with chronic cough by pulmonologists and certified respiratory educators on quality of life: a randomized trial. BACKGROUND The role of certified respiratory educators (CREs) is to educate, assess, and help to manage patients with asthma and COPD in Canada. This study was undertaken to see whether CREs could assist pulmonologists (MDs) in managing patients with chronic cough. METHODS An 8-week prospective, parallel design, randomized, controlled trial to determine whether CREs using a protocol-driven algorithmic approach could assist in the management of patients referred to a university tertiary care medical center for the assessment and treatment of chronic cough. Patients were randomly assigned to a CRE-led or MD study arm for the management of chronic cough. Patients were screened to exclude those patients whose cough was due to life-threatening conditions. The primary outcome was measured with the cough-specific quality-of-life questionnaire (CQLQ). RESULTS A total of 198 patients were randomized, and 8-week results were available on 151 patients (mean age, 49.8 +/- 13.4 years; female gender, 70%; median cough duration, 16 months). At 8 weeks, total CQLQ scores improved in the CRE-led patients (score range, 58.1 +/- 14.9 to 50.0 +/- 15.8; p = 0.0003). CQLQ scores improved in four of six domains but not in the physical or emotional domains. Improvements in CRE-led patients were similar to those in MD-managed patients (initial CQLQ score, p = 0.261 ; CQLQ score at 8 weeks, p = 0.42 ). In a composite analysis of both CRE and MD patient data, CQLQ scores improved in patients whose cough resolved (56.3 +/- 13.6 to 41.5 +/- 13.6; p < 0.0001), in those whose cough improved but did not disappear (60.9 +/- 14.2 to 50.5 +/- 13.9; p < 0.0001), but did not improve in those whose cough did not improve (58.1 +/- 13.3 to 58.6 +/- 12.7; difference not significant). CONCLUSIONS CREs can help to safely, economically, and effectively manage properly screened patients with chronic cough. The use of CREs may shorten wait times for specialist consultation for these patients. |
// UnGzip uncompresses a gzip file as bytes.
func UnGzip(compressed []byte) []byte {
b := bytes.NewBuffer(compressed)
r, err := gzip.NewReader(b)
util.Check(err)
var res bytes.Buffer
_, err = res.ReadFrom(r)
util.Check(err)
return res.Bytes()
} |
//
// Generated by class-dump 3.5 (64 bit).
//
// class-dump is Copyright (C) 1997-1998, 2000-2001, 2004-2013 by <NAME>.
//
#import "UITableViewDelegate.h"
@class NSIndexPath, UITableView;
@protocol MPVoicemailMessageTableViewDelegate <UITableViewDelegate>
@optional
- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)arg1 expandRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)arg2 animated:(_Bool)arg3;
- (void)tableView:(UITableView *)arg1 collapseRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)arg2 animated:(_Bool)arg3;
@end
|
WASHINGTON — Donald J. Trump said Wednesday that people on the terror watch list should be barred from buying firearms, putting himself in the center of a gun-control debate in Congress revived by the worst mass shooting in United States history.
Mr. Trump’s stance, expressed in a Twitter post, does not necessarily jibe with the positions of the Republican Party and the National Rifle Association, whose endorsement Mr. Trump frequently boasts about on the campaign trail. His tweet could be read to support measures pushed by Democrats and opposed by Republicans in Congress, reflecting the unusual nuances of the issue, which touches on public safety and civil rights beyond the Second Amendment.
“I will be meeting with the N.R.A., who has endorsed me, about not allowing people on the terrorist watch list, or the no-fly list, to buy guns,” Mr. Trump, the presumptive Republican presidential nominee, wrote Wednesday morning on Twitter. His comment came three days after 49 people were killed when a gunman who pledged allegiance to the Islamic State stormed an Orlando nightclub.
On the same morning, a group of Democrats took to the Senate floor in a filibuster to protest the lack of improvement in gun safety measures in recent years.
“I’ve had enough,” said Senator Christopher S. Murphy, Democrat of Connecticut, who spoke on and off for more than 14 hours. “I couldn’t just come back to the Senate this week and pretend like this is business as usual.”
When he finished talking shortly after 2 a.m. on Thursday, Mr. Murphy said he had secured agreement for votes on the measures. |
The present invention refers to a device for transferring current between two contact points between which there is arranged a ribbon cable serving for the electrical connection which has at least two electric conductors and is wound in the manner of a spring with its turns lying concentric to each other, its ends being firmly attached to the two contact points and at least one of the two contact points being movable relative to the other on a path concentric to the turns of the ribbon cable.
Apparatus having such devices include, for instance, cable coilers in which the electric cable or cord is wound on a reel. The cord can be pulled out of the housing of the apparatus. Under the action of a spring it is automatically rolled up again after a pulling force is removed. One essential problem here is the transfer of current from the firm attachment of the apparatus to the end of the line which is arranged turnably on the spool. This problem occurs in all apparatus in which there are two contact points which are movable relative to each other and one of which in most cases is developed as a fixed point. In addition to the above-mentioned cable winder, such an apparatus may also be an anti-rebound device for automative vehicles in which the electric current feed is arranged in the steering wheel of a car.
For the transfer of current between contact points which move relative to each other, wiper contacts or rings have been known for a long time. Such arrangements are subject to wear and are disadvantageous particularly in the case of low current intensities because of the high transfer resistances. From Federal Republic of Germany Utility Model No. 78 11 922 a cable winder is known in which a ribbon cable wound in the manner of a spring is used for the transfer of the current. A similar arrangement can be noted for the transfer of current for an anti-rebound device for automotive vehicles from Federal Republic of Germany Utility Mocdel No. 85 05 830. Upon relative rotation of the two contact points which are connected by the ribbon cable the ribbon cable which has been wound up "breathes" like the spring of a clock. The turns are pulled together to a small diameter in the one direction of rotation. In the other direction of rotation they go back to a larger diameter. Upon this movement, the points of connection of the ribbon cable at the two contact points are subjected to considerable mechanical stress, particularly in flexure. However, there is also the danger that upon the rotation the ribbon conductor will be pushed in the direction of the cable past a contact place as a result of its own stiffness and will then be kinked. In both cases, an interruption in the feeding of the current may be the result. Furthermore, there is the danger that the ribbon cable will jam and the rotation of the contact point can then no longer take place. |
Amusement parks and theme parks provide a variety of rides and shows for the amusement and entertainment of their patrons. Some patrons visit the parks for the exhilarating rides, others come to view the special effects associated with the shows. Many simply appreciate the pleasurable diversions they encounter during their visit.
To make their patrons' visits more comfortable, the parks provide drinking fountains, restrooms and other facilities on the park grounds. These facilities, however, typically are not part of the show and do not incorporate the special effects that are associated with other features in the park. It should be appreciated, therefore, that adding special effects to drinking fountains and the like, would serve as another source of entertainment and novelty to the patrons.
Lighting effects have been previously known in connection with fountains and water faucets. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,749,126 and 4,901,922 to Kessener et al. In these patents, a light is introduced into the fluid stream and may be controlled to provide various visual effects. The latter patent also describes the use of a piezoelectric device for producing sound waves in the sonic or ultrasonic region. The sound waves are created, however, for the purpose of producing vibrations in the liquid medium, resulting in a particular visual effect. Neither of these patents discloses a fountain, faucet or other fixture having audible sounds that are intended to be heard by the patron.
From the above, it will be appreciated that there is still a need for a drinking fountain, faucet or other fixture that incorporates sound effects with the use of the fixture. The present invention satisfies this need. |
Former Westlake High and USC standout Sean Crocker finished seventh at the Singapore Open, earning him a spot in the 2018 British Open in Scotland.
Former Westlake High and USC standout Sean Crocker has a date with the British Open later this year.
Crocker was among four players who qualified for the 147th British Open via top-12 finishes at last week’s Asian Tour SMBC Singapore Open, which is part of the Open Qualifying Series.
Playing on a sponsor’s exemption, Hagy made the most of his opportunity, finishing at 7-under-par 277 to tie for sixth and earn a spot in the 2018 British Open at Carnoustie Golf Club in Scotland on July 19-22.
It will mark the first time Crocker will compete in one of golf’s four majors.
“Very special day! First major here we come!” Crocker tweeted.
It was another solid start for Crocker, who turned pro at the end of last summer. He opted play in Europe, believing it was his best path to one of golf’s major tours.
He was particularly strong over the final two days in Singapore, shooting 67-69 without a three-putt. His final drive of the tournament was a 324-yard blast that helped him make birdie and secure his sixth-place finish.
As a way to get himself ready for a big year on the PGA Tour Champions, Oxnard native Corey Pavin decided to spend time back on the PGA Tour.
Pavin, who is living in Los Angeles, played in last week’s CareerBuilder Challenge, taking advantage of his lifetime exemption as a result of winning the 1987 CareerBuilder Challenge, which was known as the Bob Hope Chrysler Classic.
It would have been a better idea had Pavin not strained a muscle in his neck prior to Thursday’s opening round, forcing him to withdraw after 17 holes.
Even with having his preparations cut short, Pavin said he enjoyed going back to the spot of one of his 15 PGA Tour wins. Pavin played his lone round in this year’s event on The Stadium Course at PGA West, which had just opened in 1987 when he won the tournament. Pavin shot 67 on the final day to beat Bernhard Langer by a shot.
Because Stadium Course was so new, many players complained and tournament officials took it out of the rotation until reinstating it in 2006.
Pavin also remembers the event because he used the final round to help study his swing since he wasn’t playing as well during that stretch of his career.
Felipe Gutierrez of Oxnard scored his first hole in one, acing Westlake’s 282-yard fourth hole with a driver. Witnesses included Jaime Aguayo, Juan Gutierrez and Brian Mendoza. |
Collaborating with communities: co-production or co-assessment? Conservation and development projects typically involve collaboration with local communities. It has been suggested that these collaborations should include the co-production of knowledge (e.g. ; Wyborn, 2015; ), in which local communities work with researchers to produce new knowledge. Co-production is, however, expensive and we suggest here that co-assessment of existing knowledge is more cost-effective. We suggest the following three stages of using knowledge: collation, co-assessment, and then (rarely) co-production. We agree that other ways of knowingincluding local, experience-based, and indigenous knowledges, as well as incorporating local valueshave an important role in solving environmental problems (Collins & Evans, 2007; ), but we question whether it is effective to generate new knowledge with individual communities. |
package suite_init
import (
"fmt"
"os"
"path/filepath"
"github.com/onsi/ginkgo"
"github.com/onsi/gomega"
"github.com/werf/werf/test/pkg/utils"
)
type TmpDirData struct {
TmpDir string
TestDirPath string
}
func NewTmpDirData() *TmpDirData {
data := &TmpDirData{}
SetupTmpDir(&data.TmpDir, &data.TestDirPath)
return data
}
func SetupTmpDir(tmpDir, testDirPath *string) bool {
ginkgo.BeforeEach(func() {
*tmpDir = utils.GetTempDir()
*testDirPath = *tmpDir
})
ginkgo.AfterEach(func() {
err := os.RemoveAll(*tmpDir)
gomega.Expect(err).ShouldNot(gomega.HaveOccurred())
})
return true
}
func (data *TmpDirData) GetProjectWorktree(projectName string) string {
return filepath.Join(data.TestDirPath, fmt.Sprintf("%s.worktree", projectName))
}
func (data *TmpDirData) CommitProjectWorktree(projectName, worktreeFixtureDir, commitMessage string) {
worktreeDir := data.GetProjectWorktree(projectName)
repoDir := filepath.Join(data.TestDirPath, fmt.Sprintf("%s.repo", projectName))
gomega.Expect(os.RemoveAll(worktreeDir)).To(gomega.Succeed())
utils.CopyIn(worktreeFixtureDir, worktreeDir)
gomega.Expect(utils.SetGitRepoState(worktreeDir, repoDir, commitMessage)).To(gomega.Succeed())
}
|
Does your business collect too much data?
As Apple, Facebook, Google and Twitter spur privacy debates with their data collection policies, a new guide suggests keeping and saving less information could be far safer and far more effective.
The stories have been coming fast and furious over the past several weeks: Apparently many big Internet companies have been collecting more and more data to get to know customers or would-be customers better. All the usual suspects are involved, including Apple, Facebook, Google and Twitter.
Just in case that wasn't scary enough to contemplate, imagine what will happen if one of these companies suffers the sort of headline-making security breach suffered by Sony last year.
The tendency of more businesses to collect more and more data about the markets and people they are targeting is at odds with the need for companies to build trust with consumers and, in the case of those who sell business-to-business, with other companies. The temptation for hackers and other malcontents to steal and mess with that data is overwhelming. Which is why it will continue to happen.
That's why the Online Trust Alliance uses its 2012 Data Protection & Breach Readiness Guide to make the case for what it calls "data minimization." The simple fact is that the more data your company is storing, the more damaging the consequences of a data breach, said Craig Spiezle, executive director and president of the Online Trust Alliance (OTA).
Consider this statistic: In 2011 alone, more than 588 incidents were reported. The cost to U.S. businesses was about $6.5 billion; the average cost per user record compromised is $318. That is more than $100 more than what the average per-user breach cost in 2009, according to OTA.
In the guide, OTA suggests that businesses can protect themselves by adopting three simple best practices, all with the aim of minimizing the amount of data organizations are collecting and keeping.
Periodically revalidate what data your teams are collecting and way. Do you really need all the information that you are collecting about customers or business partners? Sure, the promise of data analytics applications makes it tempting to ask more rather than less, but if you aren't using certain information, it is probably safer not to collect it or keep it.
Purge the data you isn't useful. Have you sent a prospect five emails that have gone unanswered over the course of a year? I still receive paper mail solicitations from certain non-profit groups that I haven't donated to in more than 8 years. I know because they are using my pen name (aka my maiden name). Although your marketing team might freak out at the prospect, every business should spend time cleaning up its email databases regularly. Again, the data you don't even realize you have anymore could be the most dangerous data during a breach. Why are you keeping what isn't useful?
Review your data archiving strategy. Spiezle suggests that some businesses are so afraid of the compliance police that they are keeping some data way past the expiration date, if you will. Your data management team should regular determine when it is time to get rid of files. "Validate why you have it and validate why you keep it," Spiezle said.
One final suggestion from OTA: Write the email you would send to customers in the event of a data breach BEFORE one happens, make sure it carries the tone your company wants to convey and document every step that you company would be taking to make amends. Your organization won't be clearheaded amid an actual data breach crisis and miscommunications will make the situation far, far worse, Spiezle said. |
/**
* DOC zhangyi TestComposite class global comment. Detailled comment <br/>
*
* $Id: talend.epf 1 2006-09-29 17:06:40Z nrousseau $
*
*/
protected class DoubleClickTextCellEditor extends TextCellEditor {
public DoubleClickTextCellEditor(Composite parent) {
super(parent);
text.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
/*
* (non-Javadoc)
*
* @see org.eclipse.swt.events.MouseAdapter#mouseDoubleClick(org.eclipse.swt.events.MouseEvent)
*/
@Override
public void mouseDoubleClick(MouseEvent e) {
doubleClickOperation();
}
});
}
/**
* DOC zhangyi Comment method "doubleClickOperation".
*/
protected void doubleClickOperation() {
String content = (String) doGetValue();
ExpressionBuilderDialog.getExpressionComposite().insertExpression(content);
}
} |
<reponame>lgoldstein/communitychest
package net.community.chest.test.teasers;
/**
* <P>Copyright 2008 as per GPLv2</P>
*
* Can commented out code be executed ?
*
* @author <NAME>.
* @since Mar 12, 2008 12:35:34 PM
*/
public class CommentedCodeExecution {
public static void main (String[] args)
{
// '\u000d System.out.println("Eureka");
}
}
|
The deli opened in mid June, and offers customization sandwich options and delivery and homemade ice cream.
Jason "Moses" Malone made a career out of opening and running kitchens for others. Now he's gone into business for himself, opening a new deli in downtown Port Huron.
Malone, of Marysville, was an efficiency expert and opening and closing manager for Darden Restaurants for years. During that time, he learned a lot of lessons from running corporate kitchens that helped him as he embarked on his own business.
"I learned that their philosophies on customer service are very valid," Malone said. "I'm also a firm believer in constant training."
Malone and two partners opened Moe's Corner Deli in mid-June and have seen steady business since then, Malone said. He said he saw a revitalization of Port Huron's downtown, and wanted to get in on the action.
"With the growth of Port Huron, it was either now or never," Malone said. "We have something great in Port Huron."
Moe's Corner Deli sources its meat from Boars Head, which Malone said meets his standards for freshness and for avoiding artificial colors and flavors. He buys bread from local bakers, such as Betsy's Bakes and Pastries and More.
Sandwiches start at $8 and come with a pickle and deli salad, with extra meat, cheese or toppings costing extra. While the deli maintains a list of favorite sandwiches, the menu is designed for customers to build their own sandwiches.
"With the build-your-own, you can try new things," Malone said. "You have the ability to play with flavors so you're not eating the same things every day."
Lindsie McDougal works at BeJe Salon in Port Huron. She and her coworkers have ordered from Moe's Corner Deli several times since it opened — often finding the delivery service convenient. McDougal likes The O.B., a wrap that comes with turkey, muenster cheese, lettuce, tomato, onion, mayo and guacamole.
"It's nice because you can tell the difference between going to them and somewhere like Subway," McDougal said. "Their sandwiches are really good and they're huge."
Blue Water Area Chamber CEO Thelma Castillo said the business's opening contributes to the variety of options downtown.
"As a chamber we want our downtowns to be thriving with unique and exciting options for our residents and our tourists," Castillo wrote in an email. "This restaurant gives our residents, our downtown employees and our tourists another choice."
For more information about Moe's Corner Deli, visit their facebook page at facebook.com/moescornerdeli or call (810) 294-5109. |
from package.definition import logger
class Config():
"""
Configuration
Args:
use_bidirectional (bool): if True, becomes a bidirectional listener (default: True)
use_attention (bool): flag indication whether to use attention mechanism or not (default: True)
use_label_smooth (bool): flag indication whether to use label smoothing or not (default: True)
input_reverse (bool): flag indication whether to reverse input feature or not (default: True)
use_pickle (bool): flag indication whether to load data from pickle or not (default: False)
use_augment (bool): flag indication whether to use spec-augmentation or not (default: True)
use_pyramidal (bool): flag indication whether to use pyramidal rnn in listener or not (default: True)
use_multistep_lr (bool): flag indication whether to use multistep leraning rate or not (default:False)
augment_ratio (float): ratio of spec-augmentation applied data (default: 1.0)
listener_layer_size (int): num of listener`s RNN cell (default: 6)
speller_layer_size (int): num of speller`s RNN cell (default: 3)
hidden_size (int): size of hidden state of RNN (default: 256)
dropout (float): dropout probability (default: 0.5)
batch_size (int): mini-batch size (default: 12)
worker_num (int): num of cpu core will be used (default: 1)
max_epochs (int): max epoch (default: 40)
init_lr (float): initial learning rate (default: 1e-4)
high_plateau_lr (float): maximum learning rate after the ramp up phase (default: -)
low_plateau_lr (float): Steps to be maintained at a certain number to avoid extremely slow learning (default: -)
teacher_forcing (float): The probability that teacher forcing will be used (default: 0.90)
seed (int): seed for random (default: 1)
max_len (int): a maximum allowed length for the sequence to be processed (default: 120)
use_cuda (bool): if True, use CUDA (default: True)
"""
def __init__(self,
use_bidirectional=True,
use_attention=True,
use_label_smooth=True,
input_reverse=True,
use_augment=True,
use_pickle=False,
use_pyramidal=True,
use_cuda=True,
augment_ratio=1.0,
hidden_size=256,
dropout=0.5,
listener_layer_size=5,
speller_layer_size=3,
batch_size=32,
worker_num=1,
max_epochs=40,
use_multistep_lr=False,
init_lr=0.0001,
high_plateau_lr=0.0003,
low_plateau_lr=0.00001,
teacher_forcing=0.90,
seed=1,
max_len=151
):
self.use_bidirectional = use_bidirectional
self.use_attention = use_attention
self.use_label_smooth = use_label_smooth
self.input_reverse = input_reverse
self.use_augment = use_augment
self.use_pickle = use_pickle
self.use_pyramidal = use_pyramidal
self.use_cuda = use_cuda
self.augment_ratio = augment_ratio
self.hidden_size = hidden_size
self.dropout = dropout
self.listener_layer_size = listener_layer_size
self.speller_layer_size = speller_layer_size
self.batch_size = batch_size
self.worker_num = worker_num
self.max_epochs = max_epochs
self.use_multistep_lr = use_multistep_lr
self.init_lr = init_lr
if use_multistep_lr:
self.high_plateau_lr = high_plateau_lr
self.low_plateau_lr = low_plateau_lr
self.teacher_forcing = teacher_forcing
self.seed = seed
self.max_len = max_len
self.print_log()
def print_log(self):
""" print information of configuration """
logger.info("use_bidirectional : %s" % str(self.use_bidirectional))
logger.info("use_attention : %s" % str(self.use_attention))
logger.info("use_pickle : %s" % str(self.use_pickle))
logger.info("use_augment : %s" % str(self.use_augment))
logger.info("use_pyramidal : %s" % str(self.use_pyramidal))
logger.info("augment_ratio : %0.2f" % self.augment_ratio)
logger.info("input_reverse : %s" % str(self.input_reverse))
logger.info("hidden_size : %d" % self.hidden_size)
logger.info("listener_layer_size : %d" % self.listener_layer_size)
logger.info("speller_layer_size : %d" % self.speller_layer_size)
logger.info("dropout : %0.2f" % self.dropout)
logger.info("batch_size : %d" % self.batch_size)
logger.info("worker_num : %d" % self.worker_num)
logger.info("max_epochs : %d" % self.max_epochs)
logger.info("initial learning rate : %0.4f" % self.init_lr)
if self.use_multistep_lr:
logger.info("high plateau learning rate : %0.4f" % self.high_plateau_lr)
logger.info("low plateau learning rate : %0.4f" % self.low_plateau_lr)
logger.info("teacher_forcing_ratio : %0.2f" % self.teacher_forcing)
logger.info("seed : %d" % self.seed)
logger.info("max_len : %d" % self.max_len)
logger.info("use_cuda : %s" % str(self.use_cuda))
|
Asymptotically optimal blind fractionally spaced channel estimation and performance analysis When the received data are fractionally sampled, the magnitude and phase of most linear time-invariant FIR communications channels can be estimated from second-order output only statistics. We present a general cyclic correlation matching algorithm for known order FIR blind channel identification that has closed-form expressions for calculating the asymptotic variance of the channel estimates. We show that for a particular choice of weights, the weighted matching estimator yields (at least for large samples) the minimum variance channel estimator among all unbiased estimators based on second-order statistics. Furthermore, the matching approach, unlike existing methods, provides a useful estimate even when the channel is not uniquely identifiable from second-order statistics. |
from genrl.deep.agents.ddpg.ddpg import DDPG # noqa
|
Benzylideneacetophenone Derivative Alleviates Arthritic Symptoms via Modulation of the MAPK Signaling Pathway The benzylideneacetophenone derivative 3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-1-{3--phenyl}-propenone (JC3 dimer) was synthesized through the dimerization of JC3. To investigate the inhibitory effects of JC3 dimer, the carrageenan/kaolin (C/K)-induced knee arthritis rat model was used in vivo and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patient-derived fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) were used in vitro. In the C/K rat model, JC3 dimer was given after arthritis induction for 6 days at the concentrations of 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg/day. Manifestation of arthritis was evaluated using knee thickness, weight distribution ratio (WDR), and squeaking test. The levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- in the serum of JC3 dimer-treated arthritic rats were also analyzed. Histological examination of the knee joints was also done. For the FLS, the cells were stimulated using IL-1 and concentrations of 1, 5, and 10 g/mL JC3 dimer were used. The levels of IL-8, IL-6, and PGE2 were measured in stimulated FLS treated with JC3 dimer. At days 5 to 6 after arthritis induction, JC3 dimer treatment significantly decreased arthritic symptoms and reduced the inflammation in the knee joints in the histology of knee tissues in C/K-arthritic rats. In stimulated FLS, JC3 dimer suppressed the increase of IL-8, IL-6, and PGE2. These findings suggest that JC3 dimer has suppressive effects on arthritis, and that JC3 dimer can be a potential agent for arthritis therapy. Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by a persistent inflammatory reaction of the synovial membrane. It is very common among 1-2% of the total population, but the disease cause is still unclear. The chronic inflammatory reaction of the synovial membrane is a major clinical feature that causes cartilage and bone damage in the joints, resulting in disruption of the joints. The pathology of RA is depicted by inflammatory cellular infiltration in the pannus and the joint fluid, giving rise to the destruction of tissue. Not only that, other inflammatory mediators are also involved in RA progression as they regulate the inflammatory response that can be seen in patients afflicted with RA. In addition, the imbalance between pro-inflammatory cytokine and anti-inflammatory cytokine activity can lead to autoimmunity and chronic inflammation, thereby resulting in joint damage. An important cell that can be found in the rheumatoid synovium is the fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS). In synovitis, there is the presence of a hyperplastic synovial lining that can be attributed to the RA synovial environment, promoting the dysregulation of FLS apoptosis and the activation of synovial cells. FLS plays an important role in exacerbating arthritis. These cells, especially when activated, are a major source of pro-inflammatory chemicals that can be found in the synovium. Activated FLS secrete inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that contribute to synovium infiltration. FLS also promote joint destruction through the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the formation of pannus, which is an invasive synovial tissue composed of macrophages, FLS, osteoclasts, and lymphocytes. Inflammatory cytokines produced by FLS in the synovium include tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1. TNF contributes to osteoclast activation and differentiation, and IL-1 can also stimulate synovial cell growth and activation as well as also contribute to osteoclast stimulation. Thus, different cellular interactions that are mediated by IL-1 and TNF and the macrophage-produced cytokines are causes that can lead to cartilage damage in RA. Other inflammatory mediators involved in RA include IL-6, IL-8, and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ). Carrageenan comes from Chondrus spp. and Gigartina spp., which are seaweeds, and it is a sulfated mucopolysaccharide. It has been used in the enhancement of footpad inflammation and paw edema in animal models as well as in progressing the pathological deterioration in an RA animal model. Injecting carrageenan intra-articularly into the knee joint results in inflammation, inducing inflammatory mediator production such as TNF-, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ). Yakuchinone B is commonly used in folk medicine and can be isolated from the seeds of Alpina oxyphylla, which is also a part of the Zingiberaceae ginger family. It is a conjugated 1,4-enone with a phenyl ring, and a part of an important class of natural chalcones that exerts an extensive range of biological activities. Such biological activities include anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor effects. Yakuchinone B was modified in order to synthesize the benzylideneacetophenone JC3 dimer to develop potential anti-inflammatory agents. In this study, by using carrageenan/kaolin (C/K)-induced rat models and FLS from arthritis patients that were stimulated with IL-1, the effects of JC3 dimer on the inhibition of arthritis were evaluated. C/K-Induced Arthritis Rats and the Anti-Arthritic Effect of JC3 Dimer Physical behavioral parameters such as knee morphology, weight distribution ratio (WDR), knee thickness, and squeaking scores were evaluated in order to examine the effect of JC3 dimer on arthritic rats. Histological analysis was also done to observe knee tissue morphological changes and infiltration by inflammatory cells. Knee joint thickness was measured daily as a simple method to evaluate C/K-induced arthritis. The knee thickness of the normal group was about 10 mm until the end of the experiment, but the C/K-induced arthritic group (ART) group showed significant increase throughout the experiment after the injection of C/K. However, in the experimental group treated with JC3 dimer, there was a decreasing trend beginning in the second day after the introduction of C/K, which continued until the last day of the experiment. Particularly, JC3dimer_10 experimental groups showed a significant decrease from day 5 ( Figure 1A). To evaluate the degree of pain caused by inflammation after the induction of arthritis, vocalization or squeaking was measured. The squeaking scores while extending and flexing reached a maximum on day 1 post-injection of C/K. The vocalization scores of the normal group were not nearly vocalized until the end of the experiment, but the vocalization scores of the ART group showed maximal vocalization until the end of the experiment after C/K injection. On the other hand, in the ART + JC3dimer_10 (carrageenan/kaolin-induced and 10 mg/kg JC3-treated) group, the vocalization scores from day 5 were significantly lower after C/K injection, but this effect was not observed in the ART + JC3dimer_1 (carrageenan/kaolin-induced and 1 mg/kg JC3 dimer-treated) and the ART + JC3dimer_5 (carrageenan/kaolin-induced and 1 mg/kg JC3 dimer-treated) groups ( Figure 1B). Finally, JC3 dimer and its effects on WDR in C/K-induced arthritis rats were examined. The mean WDR at baseline before C/K injection was 50:50. A decrease in WDR was observed a day after inducing C/K arthritis. On day 6, the weight carried by the arthritic legs in the ART group dropped up to 20%. In contrast, in animals that were administered with 5 or 10 mg/kg JC3 dimer, WDR did not reduce as much with the results being especially significant in ART + JC3dimer_10 when compared to the ART group ( Figure 1C). In the histological analysis, the NOR group showed no inflammatory signs in Molecules 2020, 25, 3319 3 of 11 the knee, whereas the C/K-induced arthritic group (ART group) showed severe signs of inflammation such as hyperplasia of the synovium, formation of a pannus, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and degradation of cartilage and bone. On the other hand, the group treated with JC3 dimer showed reduced signs of inflammation when compared to the ART group ( Figure 1D). Molecules 2020, 25, x FOR PEER REVIEW 3 of 11 in animals that were administered with 5 or 10 mg/kg JC3 dimer, WDR did not reduce as much with the results being especially significant in ART + JC3dimer_10 when compared to the ART group ( Figure 1C). In the histological analysis, the NOR group showed no inflammatory signs in the knee, whereas the C/K-induced arthritic group (ART group) showed severe signs of inflammation such as hyperplasia of the synovium, formation of a pannus, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and degradation of cartilage and bone. On the other hand, the group treated with JC3 dimer showed reduced signs of inflammation when compared to the ART group ( Figure 1D). ART: carrageenan/kaolin-treated control group; ART + JC3 dimer_1: carrageenan/kaolin-induced and 1 mg/kg JC3 dimer-treated groups; ART + JC3 dimer_5: carrageenan/kaolin-induced and 5 mg/kg JC3treated group; and ART + JC3 dimer_10: carrageenan/kaolin-induced and 10 mg/kg JC3-treated group. Results are presented as means ± standard errors. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. ***p < 0.001 vs. the NOR group; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, and ###p < 0.001 vs. the ART group. Inflammatory Mediators in the Serum of C/K-Induced Arthritis Rats and the Effect of JC3 Dimer C/K injection causes an increase of variety of inflammatory cytokines in the synovium, increasing joint destruction and synovial inflammation. In this study, the inflammatory mediators IL-6, TNF-, and PGE2 were analyzed ( Figure 2). The C/K-injected group had a significant rise in the serum levels of TNF-, IL-6, and PGE2 production when compared to the NOR group (Figure 2A-2C). The JC3 dimer treatment group significantly inhibited the serum levels of the above-mentioned inflammatory mediators dose-dependently. In particular, the decrease in protein levels of TNF- in the ART + JC3dimer_10 group was close to the normal group ( Figure 4A). ART: carrageenan/kaolin-treated control group; ART + JC3 dimer_1: carrageenan/kaolin-induced and 1 mg/kg JC3 dimer-treated groups; ART + JC3 dimer_5: carrageenan/kaolin-induced and 5 mg/kg JC3-treated group; and ART + JC3 dimer_10: carrageenan/kaolin-induced and 10 mg/kg JC3-treated group. Results are presented as means ± standard errors. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. *** p < 0.001 vs. the NOR group; # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, and ### p < 0.001 vs. the ART group. Inflammatory Mediators in the Serum of C/K-Induced Arthritis Rats and the Effect of JC3 Dimer C/K injection causes an increase of variety of inflammatory cytokines in the synovium, increasing joint destruction and synovial inflammation. In this study, the inflammatory mediators IL-6, TNF-, and PGE 2 were analyzed ( Figure 2). The C/K-injected group had a significant rise in the serum levels of TNF-, IL-6, and PGE 2 production when compared to the NOR group (Figure 2A-C). The JC3 dimer treatment group significantly inhibited the serum levels of the above-mentioned inflammatory mediators dose-dependently. In particular, the decrease in protein levels of TNF- in the ART + JC3dimer_10 group was close to the normal group ( Figure 4A). Inflammatory Mediator Production in FLS and the Effect of JC3 Dimer IL-1 (10 ng/mL) was used to stimulate FLS from RA patients. Stimulated FLS had increased mRNA levels of IL-8 and IL-6 and protein levels of PGE2, IL-8, and IL-6 in comparison with unstimulated FLS (Figures 3 and 4). JC3 dimer treatment suppressed significantly the increase of mRNA levels of IL-6 and IL-8 as well as its protein levels dose-dependently ( Figure 3A,B; Figure 4A,B). In addition, JC3 dimer treatment significantly inhibited the protein levels of PGE2 dosedependently ( Figure 4C). Effects of JC3 dimer on the RT-PCR determined the levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6 (A) and IL-8 (B) in cells of the IL-1-treated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) cell. NOR: nontreated group; CON: IL-1-treated control group; IL-1-treated and 1 g/mL JC3 dimer-treated groups; IL-1-treated and 5 g/mL JC3 dimer-treated group; and IL-1-/mL JC3 dimer-treated group. Results are presented as means ± standard errors. **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 vs. the NOR group and #p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.01 vs. the CON group. Inflammatory Mediator Production in FLS and the Effect of JC3 Dimer IL-1 (10 ng/mL) was used to stimulate FLS from RA patients. Stimulated FLS had increased mRNA levels of IL-8 and IL-6 and protein levels of PGE 2, IL-8, and IL-6 in comparison with unstimulated FLS (Figures 3 and 4). JC3 dimer treatment suppressed significantly the increase of mRNA levels of IL-6 and IL-8 as well as its protein levels dose-dependently ( Figure 3A,B; Figure 4A,B). In addition, JC3 dimer treatment significantly inhibited the protein levels of PGE 2 dose-dependently ( Figure 4C). Inflammatory Mediator Production in FLS and the Effect of JC3 Dimer IL-1 (10 ng/mL) was used to stimulate FLS from RA patients. Stimulated FLS had increased mRNA levels of IL-8 and IL-6 and protein levels of PGE2, IL-8, and IL-6 in comparison with unstimulated FLS (Figures 3 and 4). JC3 dimer treatment suppressed significantly the increase of mRNA levels of IL-6 and IL-8 as well as its protein levels dose-dependently ( Figure 3A,B; Figure 4A,B). In addition, JC3 dimer treatment significantly inhibited the protein levels of PGE2 dosedependently ( Figure 4C). Effects of JC3 dimer on the RT-PCR determined the levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6 (A) and IL-8 (B) in cells of the IL-1-treated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) cell. NOR: nontreated group; CON: IL-1-treated control group; IL-1-treated and 1 g/mL JC3 dimer-treated groups; IL-1-treated and 5 g/mL JC3 dimer-treated group; and IL-1-/mL JC3 dimer-treated group. Results are presented as means ± standard errors. **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 vs. the NOR group and #p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.01 vs. the CON group. non-treated group; CON: IL-1-treated control group; IL-1-treated and 1 g/mL JC3 dimer-treated groups; IL-1-treated and 5 g/mL JC3 dimer-treated group; and IL-1-treated and 10 g/mL JC3 dimer-treated group. Results are presented as means ± standard errors. ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001 vs. the NOR group and # p < 0.05 and ## p < 0.01 vs. the CON group. Figure 3. Effects of JC3 dimer on the RT-PCR determined the levels of the pro-inflammatory mediators IL-6 (A) and IL-8 (B) in cells of the IL-1-treated fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) cell. NOR: nontreated group; CON: IL-1-treated control group; IL-1-treated and 1 g/mL JC3 dimer-treated groups; IL-1-treated and 5 g/mL JC3 dimer-treated group; and IL-1-/mL JC3 dimer-treated group. Results are presented as means ± standard errors. **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 vs. the NOR group and #p < 0.05 and ##p < 0.01 vs. the CON group. MAPK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways are important because they mediate signal transduction as a cellular response to extracellular signals in arthritis. To analyze if MAPKs are involved in the inhibition of arthritic inflammation exerted by JC3 dimer, p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK phosphorylation in IL-1-treated FLS and treatment with JC3 dimer was analyzed using ELISA ( Figure 5). IL-1-treated cells had a significant increased phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK MAPKs ( Figure 5A-C). In the untreated group, significant MAPK phosphorylation was not observed. JC3 dimer treatment (10 g/mL) significantly inhibited the increased MAPK phosphorylation in stimulated FLS with the greatest significance in p38 phosphorylation, followed by ERK phosphorylation, and then JNK phosphorylation. IL-1-Induced Phosphorylation of p38/ERK/JNK MAPKs in FLS and the Effect of JC3 Dimer MAPK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways are important because they mediate signal transduction as a cellular response to extracellular signals in arthritis. To analyze if MAPKs are involved in the inhibition of arthritic inflammation exerted by JC3 dimer, p38, extracellular signalregulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK phosphorylation in IL-1-treated FLS and treatment with JC3 dimer was analyzed using ELISA ( Figure 5). IL-1-treated cells had a significant increased phosphorylation of p38, ERK, and JNK MAPKs ( Figure 5A-C). In the untreated group, significant MAPK phosphorylation was not observed. JC3 dimer treatment (10 g/mL) significantly inhibited the increased MAPK phosphorylation in stimulated FLS with the greatest significance in p38 phosphorylation, followed by ERK phosphorylation, and then JNK phosphorylation. In the experiments, FLS cells were used for assay 24 hrs after vehicle (medium, NOR) and IL-1 treatments, respectively. JC3 dimer (1, 5, 10 g/mL was added 30 min before IL-1 treatment, and the cells were used 24 h after IL-1 treatment. MAPKs levels were measured from cells using ELISA. Results are presented as means ± standard errors. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. ***p < 0.001 vs. the NOR group and #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, and ###p < 0.001 vs. the CON group. In this study, different inflammatory mediators involved in RA were decreased by JC3 dimer both in vivo and in vitro. These results are consistent with other studies involving anti-inflammatory effects in animal models. To demonstrate the anti-arthritic effect of JC3 dimer in vivo, C/Kinduced arthritis in SD rats was used. Treatment with JC3 dimer in rats with arthritis showed signs and symptoms of improvement through the measured physical parameters and histological analysis, which indicated alleviation of arthritic manifestation, inflammation, and pain. This is further supported by the decrease of the inflammatory mediators TNF-a, IL-6, and PGE2 in the serum of the rats that were treated with JC3 dimer. IL-1 was used to stimulate FLS in vitro, as it has been used to simulate the proliferation of the cells and growth of the synovium in RA. We found that JC3 dimer significantly decreased the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, IL-6 and PGE2, and the angiogenesis mediator, IL-8, in FLS stimulated with IL-1. Particularly, by inhibiting PGE2 production, inflammatory pain and edema were controlled, making it an important mediator in RA. As described above, JC3 dimer significantly suppressed the production of IL-8, which is an important angiogenic agent. This result suggests that angiogenesis is potentially inhibited by JC3 dimer. Interestingly, the expression of MMPs, such as MMP-1 and MMP-13, was unaffected by JC3 dimer in IL-1-stimulated FLS (data not shown). In the pathogenesis of RA, MMPs slow down and In the experiments, FLS cells were used for assay 24 hrs after vehicle (medium, NOR) and IL-1 treatments, respectively. JC3 dimer (1, 5, 10 g/mL was added 30 min before IL-1 treatment, and the cells were used 24 h after IL-1 treatment. MAPKs levels were measured from cells using ELISA. Results are presented as means ± standard errors. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. *** p < 0.001 vs. the NOR group and # p < 0.05, ## p < 0.01, and ### p < 0.001 vs. the CON group. In this study, different inflammatory mediators involved in RA were decreased by JC3 dimer both in vivo and in vitro. These results are consistent with other studies involving anti-inflammatory effects in animal models. To demonstrate the anti-arthritic effect of JC3 dimer in vivo, C/K-induced arthritis in SD rats was used. Treatment with JC3 dimer in rats with arthritis showed signs and symptoms of improvement through the measured physical parameters and histological analysis, which indicated alleviation of arthritic manifestation, inflammation, and pain. This is further supported by the decrease of the inflammatory mediators TNF-a, IL-6, and PGE 2 in the serum of the rats that were treated with JC3 dimer. IL-1 was used to stimulate FLS in vitro, as it has been used to simulate the proliferation of the cells and growth of the synovium in RA. We found that JC3 dimer significantly decreased the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, IL-6 and PGE 2, and the angiogenesis mediator, IL-8, in FLS stimulated with IL-1. Particularly, by inhibiting PGE 2 production, inflammatory pain and edema were controlled, making it an important mediator in RA. As described above, JC3 dimer significantly suppressed the production of IL-8, which is an important angiogenic agent. This result suggests that angiogenesis is potentially inhibited by JC3 dimer. Interestingly, the expression of MMPs, such as MMP-1 and MMP-13, was unaffected by JC3 dimer in IL-1-stimulated FLS (data not shown). In the pathogenesis of RA, MMPs slow down and restrict the collagen degradation process. Thus, while JC3 dimer has an anti-arthritic effect on inflammation and angiogenesis, it does not affect collagen degradation. To understand the mechanisms behind these circumstances, FLS intracellular signal transduction was analyzed to investigate the effect of JC3 dimer. MAPKs, through pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, can be induced and promote the production and transcription of matrix metalloproteinases, adhesion molecules, and pro-inflammatory genes. It has previously been demonstrated that other than the p38 pathway, the JNK pathway is also required for the production of MMPs in cytokine-activated synovial fibroblasts. The MMPs involved are MMP-1 in patients with RA and MMP-13 in murine inflammatory arthritis. In this study, JC3 dimer specifically inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK in relation to the intracellular signaling of IL-1 stimulated FLS. As the JNK pathway was the least affected MAPK, it is not surprising the MMP-1 and 13 were also unaffected. Although the exact mechanisms as to why JNK was the least affected MAPK is unknown, this leaves another area for future investigations. Overall, these results suggest that this anti-inflammatory effect of JC3 dimer is mediated through the blockade of p38 and ERK signaling pathways in FLS stimulated with IL-1. Molecules 2020, 25, x FOR PEER REVIEW 6 of 11 To understand the mechanisms behind these circumstances, FLS intracellular signal transduction was analyzed to investigate the effect of JC3 dimer. MAPKs, through pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1, can be induced and promote the production and transcription of matrix metalloproteinases, adhesion molecules, and pro-inflammatory genes. It has previously been demonstrated that other than the p38 pathway, the JNK pathway is also required for the production of MMPs in cytokine-activated synovial fibroblasts. The MMPs involved are MMP-1 in patients with RA and MMP-13 in murine inflammatory arthritis. In this study, JC3 dimer specifically inhibited the phosphorylation of p38 and ERK in relation to the intracellular signaling of IL-1 stimulated FLS. As the JNK pathway was the least affected MAPK, it is not surprising the MMP-1 and 13 were also unaffected. Although the exact mechanisms as to why JNK was the least affected MAPK is unknown, this leaves another area for future investigations. Overall, these results suggest that this antiinflammatory effect of JC3 dimer is mediated through the blockade of p38 and ERK signaling pathways in FLS stimulated with IL-1. Animals Male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks, 220-220 g) from Samtaco CO. (Osan, Korea) were used for the C/K rat model. Animals were given 1 week to acclimate prior to the experiment and were kept in a under a 12 h light/dark cycle, in an air-conditioned room at 23 ± 5 °C and 55 ± 10% RH. The rats had ad libitum access to water and food. The procedures for the experiments were performed according to the guidelines of NIH animal care and the study protocol was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine. 3.3. Experimental Arthritis Groups In the animal arthritis model, the rats were separated in five groups (n = 5): the untreated group (NOR), the C/K-induced arthritis control group (ART), the ART group treated with 1 mg/kg of JC3 dimer (ART + JC3dimer_1), the ART group treated with 5 mg/kg of JC3 dimer (ART + JC3dimer_5), and the ART group treated with 10 mg/kg of JC3 dimer (ART + JC3dimer_10). JC3 dimer was given to the mice intraperitoneally (I.P.). Animals Male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks, 220-220 g) from Samtaco CO. (Osan, Korea) were used for the C/K rat model. Animals were given 1 week to acclimate prior to the experiment and were kept in a under a 12 h light/dark cycle, in an air-conditioned room at 23 ± 5 C and 55 ± 10% RH. The rats had ad libitum access to water and food. The procedures for the experiments were performed according to the guidelines of NIH animal care and the study protocol was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Ewha Womans University, School of Medicine. Experimental Arthritis Groups In the animal arthritis model, the rats were separated in five groups (n = 5): the untreated group (NOR), the C/K-induced arthritis control group (ART), the ART group treated with 1 mg/kg of JC3 dimer (ART + JC3dimer_1), the ART group treated with 5 mg/kg of JC3 dimer (ART + JC3dimer_5), and the ART group treated with 10 mg/kg of JC3 dimer (ART + JC3dimer_10). JC3 dimer was given to the mice intraperitoneally (I.P.). Induction of Arthritis The C/K-induced arthritic rat model was conducted as previously described. Arthritis was induced using 100 L of 5% carrageenan/kaolin dissolved in a pyrogen-free sterile saline single injection in the left knee joints. Three behavioral parameters such as weight distribution ratio (WDR), knee thickness, and the use of a joint flexion test was measured in order to evaluate the progression of arthritis for 6 days. JC3 dimer was given (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, I.P.) 24 h after inducing arthritis and every day for 6 days. The behavioral tests were performed blindly (Figure 7). Knee Thickness Evaluation With a dial thickness gauge, the knee thickness of the arthritis induced knee (left knee) was measured one day after arthritis induction. Knee thickness score is expressed against knee thickness measured prior to arthritis induction. This was done every day for 6 days. Weight Distribution Ratio (WDR) The WDR is a measure of the percent of the downward force being applied by the hind leg as it bears its weight. As previously described, an incapacitance meter (Ugo-basile Biological Research Apparatus Co., Comeria-Varese, Italy) was used to measure the WDR. On top of the incapacitance meter rests a test box with a slanted plan containing two mechanotransducers. A rat was placed inside with each hind limb on top of one mechanotransducer, which measures the weight being borne. Average values of 5 s were measured, and four different measures were then calculated. WDR percentage calculation was done with the following formula: (weight borne by damaged limb/total weight borne by both limbs) multiplied by 100. Normal rats would have a WDR of 50 indicating an equal weight that is carried by one hind paw. This was conducted every day for 6 days. Squeaking Test The measure of the squeaking scores was conducted by using a modified method of Yu et al. to evaluate pain and knee rigiditiy during flexion and extension of the hind limb. The number of squeaks vocalized during 10 extension and flexion cycles were recorded. A score rating between 0 (no vocalization) and 1 (vocalization) were assigned. Thus, squeaking scores ranged from 0 to 10 for each hind limb. This was done every day for 6 days. Knee Thickness Evaluation With a dial thickness gauge, the knee thickness of the arthritis induced knee (left knee) was measured one day after arthritis induction. Knee thickness score is expressed against knee thickness measured prior to arthritis induction. This was done every day for 6 days. Weight Distribution Ratio (WDR) The WDR is a measure of the percent of the downward force being applied by the hind leg as it bears its weight. As previously described, an incapacitance meter (Ugo-basile Biological Research Apparatus Co., Comeria-Varese, Italy) was used to measure the WDR. On top of the incapacitance meter rests a test box with a slanted plan containing two mechanotransducers. A rat was placed inside with each hind limb on top of one mechanotransducer, which measures the weight being borne. Average values of 5 s were measured, and four different measures were then calculated. WDR percentage calculation was done with the following formula: (weight borne by damaged limb/total weight borne by both limbs) multiplied by 100. Normal rats would have a WDR of 50 indicating an equal weight that is carried by one hind paw. This was conducted every day for 6 days. Squeaking Test The measure of the squeaking scores was conducted by using a modified method of Yu et al. to evaluate pain and knee rigiditiy during flexion and extension of the hind limb. The number of squeaks vocalized during 10 extension and flexion cycles were recorded. A score rating between 0 (no vocalization) and 1 (vocalization) were assigned. Thus, squeaking scores ranged from 0 to 10 for each hind limb. This was done every day for 6 days. Histological Assessment For histological staining using hematoxylin-eosin, the knee joint tissues were processed by fixing the tissues in 10% paraformaldehyde, decalcifying, dehydrating, embedding, and sectioning at 6 m. To investigate the morphological changes and immune cell infiltration, staining using hematoxylin (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and 1% eosin (Sigma-Aldrich Co., MO, U.S.A.) was conducted. Then, the slides were left to air dry and mounted with a cover slip. All slides were observed and acquired with the use of a camera on a microscope (100x magnification, BX51; Olympus Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), and analysis was performed with the use of DP2-BSW software (Olympus Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Quantitative scoring of the knee joints was done by 3 observers blinded to the experiment. 3.9. The Culture and Isolation of FLS As described previously, FLS were isolated from RA patients who were subjected to knee joint replacement therapy. FLS passages 3-6 were used in this study, and culture was done on cells using Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (low glucose) with 100 U/mL penicillin, 100 g/mL streptomycin sulfate, and 10% (vol/vol) fetal bovine serum. Reagents for cell culture were provided by Gibco-Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Enzyme-Linked Immune-Sorbent Assay (ELISA) For the in vivo study, rat whole blood samples were obtained and were clotted and centrifuged 20 min at 6500 rpm and stored at −70 C until use. ELISA kits from BD Biosciences Pharmingen (IL-6 and TNF-, San Diego, CA, USA) and R&D Systems (PGE 2, minneapolis, MN, USA) were used to detect the serum levels of the inflammatory mediators according to the manufacturers' protocol. For the in vitro study, FLS were stimulated with IL-1 (10 ng/mL; ProSpec, Rehovot, Israel) and cultured with different concentrations of JC3 dimer (1, 5, and 10 g/mL) for 24 h. Then, culture cell media was collected and centrifuged, and the supernatant was used to analyze for IL-8, IL-6, and PGE 2 using the above-mentioned commercial ELISA kits. MAPK expression was analyzed in FLS cells after removing the cell culture media and following the protocol provided by the manufacturer for use in cells (MAPK, RayBiotech Inc., Atlanta, GA, USA). Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) With the application of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and IL-8 were determined. Total RNA was extracted from FLS cells using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen Co., Carlsbad, CA, USA). Using reverse transcriptase, complementary DNA was then synthesized from total RNA (Takara Co., Shiga, Japan). Primers used in the study were configured and were produced using mRNA sequences that have been published and Primer3 software (Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA; www.genome.wi.mit.edu). RT-PCR was performed with a PTC-100 thermal cycler (MJ Research, Inc., Watertown, MA, USA). The PCR products were then separated on 1.2% agarose gels and were stained using ethidium bromide. i-Max™ (CoreBio System Co., Seoul, Korea) was used to analyze the band density, and the expression levels were calculated by determining the density of the bands normalized to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). In Table 1, annealing temperatures and primer sequences have been listed. Statistical Analysis One-way ANOVA on SPSS Ver. 13.0 (SPSS; Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analysis, and results were further analyzed with Tukey's post hoc test to find statistical differences between groups. Results are expressed as means ± SEMs. p Values of <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Conclusions In conclusion, via inhibition of the p38/ERK MAPK pathway, JC3 dimer can reduce the inflammatory response resulting in anti-arthritic effects. However, one of the limitations of this study is that this was confirmed in C/K-induced arthritis rats while using only behavioral parameters such as pain, edema, and the measurement of inflammatory cytokines. The effects of JC3 dimer on the cell and molecular mechanisms by which JC3 dimer inhibits arthritis remain to be explained in vivo and could be a basis for investigation in future studies. Our results suggest that JC3 dimer has great therapeutic drug resource potential for arthritis treatment. Therefore, further studies should focus on the development of drugs based on JC3 dimers with better efficacy and less side effects in inflammatory and arthritic diseases. |
The present invention relates to an aqueous resin composition, which can be used mainly as a paint, primer, ink, adhesive and sealant. Moreover, the inventive resin composition is possible to be used by formulating to other aqueous resins and water-soluble resins such as aqueous urethane, acrylic, polyester and epoxy depending on the uses, hence it can also be utilized as a modifier of film forming materials.
Above all, since it allows to form a film and adhesive layer excellent in the adhesiveness, flexibility and water resistance particularly onto polyolefin substrate at, having a nonpolar surface, it is useful as a resin for the parts of car etc., paints for polyolefin film, polyolefinic mold, etc., primer, ink, sealant and adhesive.
Conventionally, modified polyolefin compositions modified polyolefins such as polypropylene, polyethylene and copolymer of propylene, ethylene and .alpha.-olefin with unsaturated carboxylic acid or acid anhydride and acid-modified chlorinated polyolefins chlorinated them further are used for painting material, primer, ink, etc. In the present circumstances, however, these resins dissolve only into aromatic organic solvents such as toluene and xylene, hence a large quantity of organic solvent cannot help being used, posing the problems from the safety and health and environmental pollution.
For this reason, in recent years, an aqueous resin with aqueous conversion performed by adding polyol, surfactant and basic substance to chlorinated polyolefin (U.S. Pat. No. 340,845 ), an aqueous resin aqueous-converted chlorinated polyolefin acid-modified with unsaturated carboxylic acid or acid anhydride by using surfactant and basic substance (Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 01-323506), and the like are applied.
In addition, attempts to produce aqueous dispersions of chlorinated polyolefin have been made, which are disclosed in, for example. Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 1-153778, No. Hei 1-256556, No. Hei 2-284973 and the like, but these use the aromatic organic solvent on production, thus complete elimination thereof was difficult. Moreover, attempts to produce aqueous dispersions of modified polyolefin have also been made, which are disclosed in, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Sho 59-47244, No.-Hei 2-286724 and the like. However, in the painting, adhesion, etc., they have drawbacks of adhesiveness and water resistance, poor paintability, etc., when the coating articles and adhering articles are polyolefin resins, hence such aqueous compositions have not still come to the practical use. Moreover, in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Hei 3-182534, the improvement in the performance of coated film is intended by performing the aqueous conversion of modified chlorinated polyolefin using surfactant and further by formulating aqueous polyurethane resin.
However, because of the nonreactivity of water-soluble urethane resin and surfactant, the active ingredient dissolves out from coated film by water causing a phenomenon of decreased water resistance due to the defect of coated film that seems to take place through it.
Moreover, when forming the film using aqueous converted chlorinated polyolefin resin with aqueous conversion performed by using polyol and surfactant, the hydrophilic ingredients such as polyol and surfactant are left behind in the film and they dissolve out by moisture resulting in a drawback of low water resistance of film.
Furthermore, since the chlorinated resin ingredient is contained in large quantities, not a few problems arose in the abolition and recycling treatment of final product with film, adhesive layer, etc. formed.
Whereas, the inventors made an application on an aqueous resin aqueous converted polyolefin resin, chlorinated polyolefin-resin or acid-modified polyolefin resin by using a reactive surfactant (Japanese Patent Application No. Hei 04-256935. No. Hei 04-256936 and No. Hei 04-256937). These inventions aim at the improvement in the water resistance of film by fixing the hydrophilic substances present in the film to film.
The reactive surfactant has been used on emulsion polymerization up to now. It has a surface activity to suspend monomer into water during the emulsion polymerization and, because it reacts with other monomer, it is taken in the structure of polymer bringing an effect on the improvement in the water resistance of reaction product as a result.
However, when comparing with nonreactive surfactant having similar structure thereto, the reactive surfactant has lower dispersibility of resin, hence the addition level had to be made higher or other polyol, nonreactive surfactant, etc. had to be used in combination for obtaining a stable aqueous conversion product.
Aqueous block isocyanates are used generally for fiber processing, crosslinking agent and modifier of resins such as latex, acrylic and urethane, surface processing of plastic film, And the like, but there are no reports that have found novel uses and features by combining them with aqueous polyolefinic resin.
Moreover, when introducing the crosslinking structure by combining with block isocyanate and further fixing the hydrophilic ingredient, too, the use level of block isocyanate was limited to maintain the adhesiveness of formed film to substrate and, in particular, it was needed to decrease the hydrophilic substance having active hydrogen reacting with isocyanate as little as possible to improve the water resistance of film and maintain the adhesiveness to substrate.
On the other hand, the aqueous conversion of polyolefinic resin is generally performed by a method that, after the resin raw material was dissolved into some solvent, hydrophilic ingredients such as surfactant and basic substance are added and then the solvent is substituted by water.
Moreover, a method that the raw material resin, surfactant and basic substance are mixed and molten at a temperature above the melting point of resin and then water is added gradually thereto to cause the phase inversion, thus performing the aqueous conversion. This method however is performed traditionally under ambient pressure, hence, in the case of raw material resin having high viscosity below 100.degree. C. and the like, the addition of water decreased the temperature of resin to increase the viscosity of molten liquor, resulting in decreased stirring efficiency and in capability of homogeneous phase inversion in many cases.
As described above, conventional modified polyolefin compositions were used as solutions in organic solvents, hence the toxicity of solvent, environmental problems, etc. raised a question. Moreover, around the aqueous resin compositions using surfactant, which were contrived in an attempt to solve them, the controversial point of water resistance hung hitherto. The purpose of the invention is to provide an aqueous resin composition simultaneously solvable all of these toxicity, environmental problems and poor water-resistant performance of coated film.
Moreover, the invention aims at the solution of a problem of residual solvent involved in the conventional method of aqueous conversion of polyolefinic resin and a problem of residual undispersed solids causing through the heterogeneous phase inversion as well.
Furthermore, the invention aims at the improvement in the water resistance without injuring the adhesiveness and adhesion of film formed with the aqueous resin composition of polyolefin or modified polyolefin to substrate in the use of said aqueous resin composition.
As a result of diligent investigations on the aqueous resin composition, which has no problems such as toxicity and pollution, thus being excellent in the safety and which is excellent in the water resistance without injuring the adhesiveness and adhesion, to attain said purposes, the inventors have reached the invention.
By using the block isocyanate the isocyanate group of which are blocked and do not react with water, it does not react with water in the steps of aqueous conversion adding water to modified resin and of coating of aqueous resin composition onto substrate and drying, but it is deblocked to have activated isocyanate group when it is subject to the heat treatment further at higher temperature after drying or when it is subject to the heat treatment by baking at a temperature higher than the drying temperature after other film-forming component was overcoated. The activated isocyanate group reacts with surfactant remaining in the film ingredient, modified polyolefin or other hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl group, carboxyl group and amino group present in the overcoating paint etc. In this way, when using in combination with modified polyolefin resin, an improving effect on the water resistance of film has been found by fixing the hydrophilic ingredient or transforming the hydrophilic functional group into more hydrophobic functional group without injuring the characteristics of polyolefin.
In addition, upon preparation of the aqueous resin composition, it has been found that, by using poly(alkylene oxide) derivatives with a solubility parameter (SP value) of not lower than 7 to not higher than 12, stable aqueous conversion product can be obtained effectively in less amount over the cases using alcohols, low-molecular weight glycols or other surface-active ingredients. Moreover, when using the surface-active ingredients described in the invention in combination, it has been found that the affinity of aqueous solvent to resin improves, thus the use level of surfactant can be decreased further. Such effects appeared also in the cases of combined use of hydrophilic third ingredients such as other surfactants, alcohols and glycols.
In consequence thereof, the amounts of hydrophilic ingredients and hydrophilic functional groups in the film formed with the aqueous resin prepared could be decreased, thereby remarkably improving the water resistance of film. This effect appeared also in the case of combined use of block isocyanate and it has been found that the water resistance of film can improve even more over the case of using conventional aqueous converted polyolefin resin with aqueous conversion performed by using alcohols, low-molecular weight glycols and surfactants in combination with block isocyanate. |
<filename>src/main/java/dbf0/disk_key_value/io/DeprecatedDeserializer.java
package dbf0.disk_key_value.io;
import dbf0.common.ByteArrayWrapper;
import java.io.IOException;
@Deprecated
public interface DeprecatedDeserializer<T> {
T deserialize(DeserializationHelper helper) throws IOException;
static DeprecatedDeserializer<Integer> intDeserializer() {
return DeserializationHelper::readInt;
}
static DeprecatedDeserializer<ByteArrayWrapper> bytesDeserializer() {
return DeserializationHelper::readBytes;
}
}
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He beat federal prosecutors on felony tax fraud charges once before, and former Seven Arts Entertainment CEO Peter Hoffman says he’ll do it again. Indicted in April for allegedly masterminding a fraudulent film tax credit scheme in Louisiana, Hoffman told Deadline that he believes the U.S. Attorney’s office has “targeted” him because of his acquittal in another federal tax fraud case dating back to 1997. He said his attorneys will file a motion to dismiss the charges in Louisiana on Wednesday.
Hoffman, the once high-flying master of foreign tax breaks, has had a bad year. Last June, he stepped down as CEO of Seven Arts Entertainment, although he remains its chief counsel and a member of its board of directors, and four months later, the company announced that it had lost more than $33 million over the previous two years on revenues of only $5.5 million.
On Friday, the company he founded saw the value of its stock plummet 15%. At the start of trading Friday, it was already one of the cheapest stocks on the NASDAQ exchange, going for just 1/5th of a penny per share – down from a high of $517.84 just two years ago. At Friday’s closing bell it got even cheaper, falling another 6.79% in afterhours trading. Anyone still holding onto the stocks from two years ago has essentially lost all of their investment, and Hoffman was one of the company’s largest shareholders. |
<filename>tests/algorithms/test_dpg.py
import numpy as np
import torch
import shutil
from datetime import datetime
from helper.utils import TestUtils as tu
from mushroom_rl.algorithms import Agent
from mushroom_rl.algorithms.actor_critic import COPDAC_Q
from mushroom_rl.core import Core
from mushroom_rl.environments import *
from mushroom_rl.features import Features
from mushroom_rl.features.tiles import Tiles
from mushroom_rl.approximators import Regressor
from mushroom_rl.approximators.parametric import LinearApproximator
from mushroom_rl.policy import GaussianPolicy
from mushroom_rl.utils.parameters import Parameter
def learn_copdac_q():
n_steps = 50
mdp = InvertedPendulum(horizon=n_steps)
np.random.seed(1)
torch.manual_seed(1)
torch.cuda.manual_seed(1)
# Agent
n_tilings = 1
alpha_theta = Parameter(5e-3 / n_tilings)
alpha_omega = Parameter(0.5 / n_tilings)
alpha_v = Parameter(0.5 / n_tilings)
tilings = Tiles.generate(n_tilings, [2, 2],
mdp.info.observation_space.low,
mdp.info.observation_space.high + 1e-3)
phi = Features(tilings=tilings)
input_shape = (phi.size,)
mu = Regressor(LinearApproximator, input_shape=input_shape,
output_shape=mdp.info.action_space.shape)
sigma = 1e-1 * np.eye(1)
policy = GaussianPolicy(mu, sigma)
agent = COPDAC_Q(mdp.info, policy, mu,
alpha_theta, alpha_omega, alpha_v,
value_function_features=phi,
policy_features=phi)
# Train
core = Core(agent, mdp)
core.learn(n_episodes=2, n_episodes_per_fit=1)
return agent
def test_copdac_q():
policy = learn_copdac_q().policy
w = policy.get_weights()
w_test = np.array([0, -6.62180045e-7, 0, -4.23972882e-2])
assert np.allclose(w, w_test)
def test_copdac_q_save():
agent_path = './agentdir{}/'.format(datetime.now().strftime("%H%M%S%f"))
agent_save = learn_copdac_q()
agent_save.save(agent_path)
agent_load = Agent.load(agent_path)
shutil.rmtree(agent_path)
for att, method in agent_save.__dict__.items():
save_attr = getattr(agent_save, att)
load_attr = getattr(agent_load, att)
#print('{}: {}'.format(att, type(save_attr)))
tu.assert_eq(save_attr, load_attr)
|
export * from './click-or-link.modifier'
export * from './router-link.modifier'
|
Locus heterogeneity disease genes encode proteins with high interconnectivity in the human protein interaction network Mutations in genes potentially lead to a number of genetic diseases with differing severity. These disease genes have been the focus of research in recent years showing that the disease gene population as a whole is not homogeneous, and can be categorized according to their interactions. Locus heterogeneity describes a single disorder caused by mutations in different genes each acting individually to cause the same disease. Using datasets of experimentally derived human disease genes and protein interactions, we created a protein interaction network to investigate the relationships between the products of genes associated with a disease displaying locus heterogeneity, and use network parameters to suggest properties that distinguish these disease genes from the overall disease gene population. Through the manual curation of known causative genes of 100 diseases displaying locus heterogeneity and 397 single-gene Mendelian disorders, we use network parameters to show that our locus heterogeneity network displays distinct properties from the global disease network and a Mendelian network. Using the global human proteome, through random simulation of the network we show that heterogeneous genes display significant interconnectivity. Further topological analysis of this network revealed clustering of locus heterogeneity genes that cause identical disorders, indicating that these disease genes are involved in similar biological processes. We then use this information to suggest additional genes that may contribute to diseases with locus heterogeneity. INTRODUCTION The characterization of mutations in genes that cause human genetic disease is vitally important. Once identified, these mutant genes (termed disease genes) provide an opportunity to study the origins of genetic disorders and develop potential therapeutics to mitigate symptoms or deliver curative strategies targeting these genes. In recent years, the discovery and classification of disease genes within the human genome has received increasing attention. As databases of disease gene associations, such as the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM; ), continue to increase in size and accuracy, we can use these data to further understand disease pathogenesis. In a previous study () we found that disease genes do not form a homogeneous group of genes with shared characteristics -but instead cluster into distinct groups each with shared characteristics. Isolating genes displaying similar attributes may therefore lead to the discovery of further associated gene groups, allowing us to examine their relationship with disease. Is it now appreciated that human disease is characterized by genetic heterogeneity, for which two different types exist. Allelic heterogeneity refers to instances where mutations in different alleles at the same locus produce the same disease. By contrast, locus heterogeneity describes mutations in different genes whereby any one mutation generates the same disorder (Figure 1; McClellan and King, 2010). Many genetic diseases display locus heterogeneity, with affected genes being associated with almost all disease categories and cell types. Perhaps the most striking example of locus heterogeneity is the disorder retinitis pigmentosa, a retinal dystrophy resulting from the loss of photoreceptors in the retina for which more than 45 genes have been identified (). A number of recent studies into the mechanisms by which these genes cause identical disorders suggest that protein products of affected genes are likely to be functionally similar, interacting with one another and displaying an involvement in the same biological pathways and processes ). With this is mind, an appropriate method to study the associations between genes involved in these disorders is to investigate the complex interconnections between cellular components. The advent of high-throughput, 'omic' technologies in the last decade has resulted in rapid growth in the number of identified and mapped protein interactions available within interaction databases. For example, BioGRID () provides genetic and biological interaction data for a range of species and the Human Protein Reference Database () curates www.frontiersin.org FIGURE 1 | Differences in genetic heterogeneity. Locus heterogeneity describes the ability of identical disorders to be acquired through mutations in a number of different genes (A). Gray circles represent wild-type genes, whereas red circles denote mutated genes. The developmental disease, Cornelia de Lange syndrome, can be acquired through a single mutation in any of three different genes; NIPBL, SMC1A or SMC3, producing the same disorder in each case (Liu and Baynam, 2010). Allelic heterogeneity describes the ability of different mutations within the same gene to cause the same disease (B). Cystic fibrosis is used to demonstrate this form of heterogeneity, with as many as 1,500 CFTR mutations being attributed to causing the disorder (O'Sullivan and Freedman, 2009). Red bars indicate different mutations within the CFTR gene. literature sourced human protein interactions. Although by no means complete, these individual "building blocks" have been used to construct biological networks, ranging from small cellular systems to genome-wide interactomes. Through examining the topological properties of these networks, we can gain insights into the complex relationships between proteins, and therefore disease-associated proteins, in a branch of computational biology commonly referred to as "network medicine" Thanh-Phuong and Tu-Bao, 2012). Existing network analysis based studies have utilized the analytical advantages of interaction networks to reveal the highly interconnected relationships between genes expressing locus heterogeneity. A study by Bauer-Mehren et al. used an extensive gene-disease association database to create a gene-disease network to examine how pathway perturbations result in disease phenotypes, with the aim of assessing whether modularity applies to a spectrum of different disorders. Modularity was observed for genes of all disorder types, including those that expressed locus heterogeneity. A more specific study considered the "pathogenic" genes of functional pathways in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and intellectual disability (ID), an array of disorders caused by heterogeneous gene mutations (). This study showed, as previously hypothesized, that locus heterogeneity genes associate within close proximity to one another in biological pathways, and contribute highly similar functional roles to their respective systems. In this study we tested the hypothesis that within protein interaction networks, locus heterogeneity genes are more highly interconnected to other genes causing the same disorder than genes associated with Mendelian diseases or non-disease genes. Throughout, locus heterogeneity disorders were classed as those caused by mutations in a number of genes, but inherited in a monogenic/simple fashion. Complex heterogeneous disorders caused by mutations in multiple alleles acting together were not considered here. To complete our investigations we manually curated a number of locus heterogeneous disorders and their associated genes. We generated a global human protein interaction network from various human interaction databases. By considering the local neighborhood of heterogeneous genes, we were able to identify potential novel locus heterogeneity genes involved in specific disorders. A comparison of the locus heterogeneity curated genes with those that cause single-gene Mendelian disorders served as a method to isolate and identify properties of locus heterogeneity genes. The results of this study demonstrate that locus heterogeneity genes display distinct network properties, forming clusters of disorder specific genes. These network clusters can be utilized to suggest novel disease genes for further experimental studies. DATA RETRIEVAL Disease genes were parsed from the OMIM database genemap (03/02/2014 update; ) and filtered according to'confirmed' genes (observed in at least two laboratories). Disease genes that had no disease annotation in the "disorder" field of the genemap were also filtered. A dataset of 5671 disease genes was produced from this process, of which 2485 could be mapped onto the protein interaction network. Disease gene data relating to heterogeneous and Mendelian disorders were obtained from a combination of ResNet (10/02/2014 update; ), a database providing genetic data relating to a number of retinal disorders, and Genetics Home Frontiers in Genetics | Systems Biology Reference (GHR; ), a resource of integrated clinical information that curates disorder specific research to provide information for patients. The selection of both heterogeneous and Mendelian disorder was aided by a number of review articles (McKusick, 1991;Chial, 2008;McClellan and King, 2010) that classify the properties of genetic disorders, and using this information, along with GHR to find related verified disorders sharing the same inherited properties. Final datasets for heterogeneous and Mendelian disorders contained 674 and 397 genes respectively. Human protein-protein interaction data was retrieved using ConsensusPathDB (CPDB, release 28; ), an integration of 32 public interaction resources to provide a high quality consensus of available protein interaction data. The full dataset, containing 16363 nodes and 179685 edges, was used for comparison and analyses throughout. Conversion of protein IDs from official gene symbol to UniProt ID was performed with the gene ID conversion tool of DAVID Bioinformatics Resources (version 6.7; a,b) prior to the mapping of disease genes onto the ConsensusPathDB (CPDB) network. DISEASE CATEGORIZATION Genes were classified into appropriate disease categories using the Medical Subject Headings controlled vocabulary (MeSH; Lowe and Barnett, 1994). High level terms were merged with classifications used in Goh et al. and Dickerson and Robertson to present 20 unique classifications representing a wide range of physiological systems. NETWORK VISUALIZATION AND TOPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS Protein-protein interaction networks were visualized and analyzed using Cytoscape (version 2.8.3 and version 3.1.0; ). All networks presented here are undirected and use the edge-weighted spring embedded layout, unless otherwise stated, and have had self-loops and duplicated edges removed. The Cytoscape plugin AllegroLayout (AllegroViva Inc, 2014a) was used to produce spring-embedded visualization of the network. NetworkAnalyzer was used to verify network properties such as degree (total number of edges connecting to one node), degree distribution (the probability distribution of all degrees within the network) and clustering coefficient (the measure to which nodes within the network tend to cluster together; Barabasi and Oltvai, 2004) within Cytoscape 3.1.0. Topological analysis of the network was achieved within Cytoscape using the clustering tool AllegroMCODE 2.1 (Allegro-Viva Inc, 2014b). Clusters with an MCODE (Bader and Hogue, 2003) complex score higher than 3 were chosen for further study. Default settings were used, unless otherwise stated. Additional methods were utilized to validate selected clusters. The Louvain method for network community analysis attempt to reveal a hierarchical structure for larger networks, discussed in Blondel et al..The overlapping clustering algorithm, EAGLE (), and the clustering coefficient-based clustering algorithm, FAG-EC (), were also applied. The Louvain method was implemented using a command line tool (), while EAGLE and FAG-EC were applied using the Cytoscape plugin ClusterViz (). Default settings were used throughout our analyses. GENE FUNCTIONAL AND PATHWAY ANALYSIS Identifying key properties of unannotated genes found with disease enriched clusters was achieved using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA; Ingenuity® Systems, 2014). IPA was also utilized to identify over represented signaling or metabolic canonical pathways to propose further similarities between genes and proteins within network clusters. The Cytoscape plugin BiNGO 3.0.2 () was used to retrieve Gene Ontology (GO) annotations (), mapping them onto data within Cytoscape directly. As in Dickerson et al., GO entries with their molecular function category marked with the term "activity" were used for functional analysis of the global network as well as individual clusters. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Statistical analyses were performed using R-Development-Core-Team. Pearson's Chi-squared test was used to assess whether disease classifications was significantly different between heterogeneity and Mendelian datasets. The Benjamini and Hochberg False Discovery Rate was used to calculate corrected p-values for GO functional classification testing to minimize multiple comparison errors. A Perl script utilizing the Graph module was written to determine the significance of locus heterogeneity gene related observations within our network. This script calculated the proportion of locus heterogeneity nodes having a locus heterogeneity neighbor, and determined significance through 10,000 randomizations of the dataset, assigning heterogeneity to the same number of nodes and assessing the proportion for this randomized dataset compared to the real observed dataset. For each randomization we assumed that the average topology of heterogeneous nodes is the same. LOCUS HETEROGENEITY AND MENDELIAN DISORDER CLASSIFICATION Using a combination of OMIM's genemap () and disease specific databases (;), disease genes (n = 2485), locus heterogeneity genes (n = 674),and Mendelian genes (n = 397) were selected based on etiological information accompanying human disorders. MeSH classifications were applied to locus heterogeneity and Mendelian genes to identify disease types associated with the two datasets. This allowed us to examine differences in the physiological systems affected by the diseases (Figure 2), which might impact upon our analysis. In order to prevent any potential bias, we chose Mendelian disease genes to include in our dataset because they shared the same disease classification proportions as our locus heterogeneity genes. It was not possible to eliminate all variation between the two datasets, however, these differences have been minimized by the selection of Mendelian disorders affecting the same physiological systems as those affected in diseases showing locus heterogeneity. A Pearson's Chi-squared test confirmed that the www.frontiersin.org FIGURE 2 | Proportional display of diseases by MESH classification. The proportion of locus heterogeneity (left) and Mendelian (right) disease genes characterized in our study that affect different physiological systems. Colors correspond to specific physiological systems affected by these disease genes (key at far right). two datasets were not significantly different in the systems affected (p = 0.372). LOCUS HETEROGENEITY NETWORKS SHOW DISTINCT PROPERTIES COMPARED TO OTHER DISEASE-ASSOCIATED NETWORKS The full human protein-protein interaction network was retrieved from CPDB, consisting of 16363 nodes and 179685 edges (Figure 3). Since this interaction data is sourced from a number of interaction databases and experimental studies, the resulting collection of data contains protein interactions from multiple sources, such as co-immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid studies. To extract and analyze specific networks in isolation, the proteins encoded by disease genes, locus heterogeneity genes and Mendelian genes were mapped onto the network. Although a total FIGURE 3 | Full CPDB protein interaction network. The network displays the full set of interactions available from CPDB used in this study. Circles (nodes) represent proteins, whereas the lines (edges) connecting two circles signify an interaction between two proteins. Locus heterogeneity genes relating to our 100 selected disorders are highlighted red, with gray nodes symbolizing other genes in the dataset. of 674 locus heterogeneity genes and 397 Mendelian genes were identified from ResNet () and Genetic Home Reference (), 13 locus heterogeneity and 32 Mendelian disease genes could not be translated onto the interaction network. Redundancy among disease genes was the cause of the majority of genes losses after mapping, as exemplified through the diseasome bipartite network in Goh et al.. For example, the single disease gene ERCC2 causes both trichothiodystrophy and xeroderma pigmentosum. Other potential causes for this decrease in gene numbers include errors in gene ID conversion between gene naming conventions and unavailable protein interaction data, either due to missing data within the database or a current lack of experimental interaction data. We found differences between the three categories of disease genes, confirming that heterogeneous genes display network topology properties different to that of the disease gene population as a whole, and to those of Mendelian disease genes ( Table 1). Analysis was performed on both the full network and the largest connected component (the largest interconnected group of nodes within the network, LCC) to exclude disconnected nodes. Initial parameter calculations revealed a large percentage of isolated nodes (nodes with a degree value of 0) within the three networks. As detailed in previous studies (Hirschhorn and Daly, 2005;), human inherited diseases arise due to genetic mutations that disrupt the complex interactions between network components. Although parameter calculation using the LCC may Frontiers in Genetics | Systems Biology In both the full networks and the LCC networks, average degree (the average number of interactions across all nodes) is largest in the disease network and lowest in the Mendelian network. Although the full disease network has a larger average degree, we would expect to observe clustering in the heterogeneous network due to the perturbation of different genes causing identical disorders as a result of their functional pathway similarities (). Network centralization is a relative measure of node isolation, and describes how nodes are connected on the scale of the whole network (Dong and Horvath, 2007). The locus heterogeneity network has a larger centralization measure than the total disease network and the Mendelian network for the full networks, and the LCC ( Table 1). This larger centralization score implies that the heterogeneous network is more densely connected compared to the other networks. Additionally, we analyzed clustering in the various disease networks. The average clustering coefficient characterizes the tendency of nodes to form highly connected clusters, used previously by Ravasz et al. to study the modular organization of metabolic networks. Our data show that the locus heterogeneity network has the largest average clustering coefficient of the three disease networks for both the full network and the LCC. This suggests that locus heterogeneity genes form groups of highly interconnected clusters, confirming the prediction that gene-products causing the same disorder interact with each other. LOCUS HETEROGENEITY GENES SHOW SIGNIFICANT INTERCONNECTIVITY WITHIN THE GLOBAL PROTEIN INTERACTION NETWORK To investigate the connectivity of locus heterogeneity associated proteins within the full CPDB interaction network, we utilized the Perl module package Graph to allow the calculation of gene connectivity, and to perform randomizations by assigning heterogeneity to the same number of a random set of proteins and testing the resulting connectivity. We performed 10,000 random simulations and calculated the percentage of locus heterogeneity proteins connected to another locus heterogeneity protein with the network for comparison to the true dataset. The connectivity of actual locus heterogeneity proteins within the network was 79.7%, which was significantly higher than the connectivity in any of our random simulations, which displayed a mean connectivity value of 41.9% (p < 0.0001; Figure 4). Whilst showing that the connectivity of locus heterogeneity genes is higher than expected by chance, this test also further confirms the high degree of connectivity of heterogeneity genes within our interaction network. Using this same method to examine the connectivity of proteins associated with single-gene Mendelian disorders produced a significant result, although in this case the initial connectivity percentage was 64%. This interconnectivity between Mendelian FIGURE 4 | Locus heterogeneity gene interconnectivity within the full CPDB network compared to random simulations. There is a normal distribution of random simulations (black bars), with a mean value of 41.9%. The red arrow indicates the actual percentage connectivity of locus heterogeneity genes (79.7%), showing a significant difference from 10,000 random simulations. www.frontiersin.org genes may be due to the large number of Mendelian disease genes in our dataset affecting the same physiological systems (Figure 2). However, proteins associated with locus heterogeneity are more connected than proteins associated with Mendelian disease (79.7% compared with 64%), despite both sets of disorders showing an equal distribution of physiological pathologies. This further emphasizes the greater interconnectivity of disease-associated locus heterogeneity genes compared to diseaseassociated Mendelian genes. CLUSTERING ANALYSIS OF THE HUMAN PROTEOME REVEALS HIGHLY INTERCONNECTED MODULES OF LOCUS HETEROGENEITY GENES Clustering analysis was performed on protein interaction networks in an attempt to find protein complexes and functional clusters, which can be identified as highly interconnected subgraphs. Topological modules signify areas of dense local connectivity within a network, and with the use of experimental data, can be validated as functional modules of proteins defining an aggregation of proteins with similar or related biological function (). Here, a pre-existing algorithmic approach was used to identify densely interconnected groups within the locus heterogeneity disease network, and through the application of IPA and GO, we were able to confirm the functional relatedness of these genes. As suggested by the average clustering coefficient of the locus heterogeneity disease network, we found that locus heterogeneity genes responsible for the same disease tended to be highly interconnected, and were present in the same topological modules. This result provides additional evidence for the highly interconnected nature of locus heterogeneity proteins. We further predict that a number of proteins within these modules positioned in close proximity to a group of locus heterogeneity proteins may be involved in the pathology of similar disorders, or may in fact be an undiscovered cause for locus heterogeneity disorders. The following examples demonstrate how genes within the local modular neighborhood of a locus heterogeneity disease gene may be possible disease gene candidates. These functional modules displayed an MCODE complex score higher than 3, which indicates a greater accuracy and reliability of predictions. To determine if the clustering algorithm altered the modules produced from the network, modules were validated using alternative clustering algorithms. The Louvain method (), EAGLE (), and FAG-EC () provided alternative implementations of clustering within our network, but still produced our three locus heterogeneity disease modules. Further examples of modules identified, but not covered here, can be found in the supplementary data. Bardet-Biedl syndrome Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous disorder of developmental origin caused by mutations in a number of loci, with primary features including retinal dystrophy, hypogenitalism, renal malformations, and obesity. A number of studies have highlighted that the primary cause of BBS is ciliary dysfunction, and it is noted as one of the first disease to have an etiology associated with epithelia dysfunction (Zaghloul and Katsanis, 2009). Genes involved in this disorder are therefore suspected to play vital roles in cilia structures within cells (Baker and Beales, 2009). For example, genes associated with BBS are vital for sensory perception (such as hearing and sight), with BBS gene products displaying an involvement in the maintenance and function of cilia (Baker and Beales, 2009). Mutations in BBS genes lead to defects in cell structures important in chemical signaling pathways, causing aberrations of regular sensory perception (Tobin and Beales, 2007). Clustering analysis of our network using the MCODE algorithm (Bader and Hogue, 2003) revealed a high scoring cluster, in which many nodes were tagged as BBS affected proteins (Figure 5). This module shows a number of locus heterogeneity genes (red), all of which encode BBS causing proteins. Surrounding nodes for genes not currently associated with BBS (gray) interconnect with a minimum of two BBS causing genes, suggesting a potential involvement in or cause of BBS for these other connected genes. The most highly connected of these 'healthy' proteins is CCDC28B. Literature searches confirmed that this gene-product has known involvement in an alternative form of BBS. BBS is usually inherited in a monogenic autosomal recessive manner; in rare cases three mutations across two loci modify the onset and severity of the phenotype. Along with genes already annotated within our dataset, studies have shown that CCDC28B is one of these modifier genes (;). The proteins in our network currently lacking in BBS annotations preferentially connect with BBS1, BBS 2, BBS4 and BBS7, with the exception of PCM1, which also interacts with BBIP1. According to GO analysis, a number of these proteins are involved in cilium assembly (p = 7.37e-18) and epithelial neoplasia (p = 1.21e-22), similar to known BBS causing genes. The molecular chaperone HscB only has three characterized protein interactions, all of which are with BBS causing proteins. The HscB protein displays similar cellular localization and interactions with BBS proteins, and previous studies have shown the HscB mutations have the ability to cause protein folding malformations (Vickery and Cupp-Vickery, 2007). Therefore, these data suggest that HscB may be a potential BBS candidate. Another protein with no current disease annotations is RAB3IP. A number of studies have shown that core BBS proteins form a complex that cooperate with GTPases, including RAB3IP, to promote ciliary membrane biogenesis (;). Nachury et al. used zebrafish to show that blocking of GTPase production prevents ciliogenesis in cells, yielding BBS-like phenotypes. Although this is yet to be proven in humans, the interconnectivity between RAB3IP and known BBS causing genes suggests that RAB3IP may be a candidate BBS causing gene. Leigh syndrome Leigh syndrome is characterized by severe neurodegeneration arising typically within the first year of life, manifesting clinically through rapid deterioration of cognitive and motor functions due to lesions in the basal ganglia and brain stem of affected patients, with clinical and genetic heterogeneity (Finsterer, 2008; Frontiers in Genetics | Systems Biology FIGURE 5 | Interconnectivity of Bardet-Biedl syndrome genes. Circular nodes represent proteins, with the lines between them signifying an interaction between the two proteins. ). Since LS is classed strictly as a mitochondrial disorder, associated mutations affect genes connected with the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes, making the discovery of genes suspected to be involved in the disorder challenging. In healthy individuals, wild-type forms of LS genes are involved in energy production in the mitochondria. Many gene mutations associated with LS disrupt protein complexes that are vital to the process of oxidative phosphorylation, therefore preventing maximal energy production by the mitochondria. Other mutations known to cause LS also act to obstruct protein complexes involved inoxidative phosphorylation, or other processes relating to energy production. The module shown in Figure 6 involves four LS affected proteins surrounded by a number of proteins without disease annotations. Compared to the previous example, these non-disease proteins show a more varied connection to locus heterogeneity proteins. Two proteins, NDUFA6 and NDUFB10, both connect to three LS genes and, according to IPA, belong to the identical canonical pathways as these three LS affected proteins (mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation). Further inspection using GO analysis confirmed that the two unmarked proteins are involved in the same biological processes as our LS causing genes, for example the respiratory electron transport chain (p = 6.94e-15). Previous studies analyzing these mitochondrial enzymes have suggested that they have an involvement in neurodegeneration, and that their perturbation may play a role in neurodegenerative disorders (;;). Therefore, the interconnectivity of NDUFA6 and NDUFB10 proteins with LS causative proteins implies that specific mutations in these genes may produce an LS phenotype. In contrast, other surrounding genes only connect to one LS protein and show less connectivity to the disorder, therefore making them less likely to be disease candidates. Although these proteins localize to the mitochondria, they are not found in the same canonical pathways (mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation) as known LS genes. This result suggests that genes with a higher degree of connectivity to multiple heterogeneous genes increases the likelihood of that gene's involvement in the same biological processes, and therefore increases a gene's potential to be a disease candidate. Kabuki syndrome Whilst the two disorders discussed previously show severe locus heterogeneity, KS is only known to occur through mutations in www.frontiersin.org FIGURE 6 | Leigh syndrome gene clustering. Each circular node denotes a protein and a line illustrates an interaction between two proteins. the histone methyltransferases KMT2D (also known as MLL2) or KDM6A, causing a breakdown in the epigenetic control of active chromatin states (). KS is a congenital disorder presenting with multiple malformations of the facial area, ID and cardiac defects. In a number of cases, KS patients have no identified KMT2D or KDM6A gene mutations (). Whilst in these cases the cause of the disorder is unknown, these additional cases indicate that the disorder may show further heterogeneity. Wild-type KS genes produce enzymes that function as histone methyltransferases, regulating the activity of genes in many of the body's organs and tissues. The absence of these functional enzymes therefore prevents the correct activation of several genes, leading the physiological abnormalities observed in KS patients. Clustering analysis revealed a module whereby five proteins interconnect with one another, including the two KS associated proteins (Figure 7). Additionally, according to GO analysis all proteins within this submodule localize within the nucleus, specifically within histone methyltransferase complexes (p = 3.56e-7), and have identical biological processes in chromatin modification (p = 2.19e-7). Perhaps the most interesting of these connected genes is KMT2C (MLL3), a lysine-specific methyltransferase that acts in a similar manner to KMT2D, and has recently shown strong associations to other neoplasmic disorders (a,b). DPY30 is another of these connected proteins, for which experimental evidence is limited in humans. Jiang et al. suggests a role for DPY30 in histone methyltransferase complex regulation, but its function in human disease is yet to be fully explored. The final of these connected proteins, PAXI1, associates with methyltransferases to maintain genome integrity during gene rearrangements and has been labeled as "the gatekeeper of thymocyte development" (;Papatriantafyllou, 2013). Callen et al. have shown that PAXI1 has specific roles in DNA repair and transcription to prevent oncogenic DNA damage. Current knowledge of the roles of the genes KMT2C, KMT2D, and PAXI1, along with their interconnectivity with the two known KS proteins and evidence in the literature that KS may be caused by mutations in additional genes, suggests that these genes should be the target of genetic screening in patients where KMT2D and KDM6A mutations have not been detected. DISCUSSION Our study demonstrates that disease genes expressing locus heterogeneity display properties that allow them to be distinguished from disease genes causing simple Mendelian disorders, such as sickle cell anemia, and disease genes as a whole. Analysis of the human proteome revealed that proteins encoded by locus heterogeneity genes are highly interconnected with those involved in the same disorder, grouping together in the clustering analysis of the network (Figures 5-7). In agreement with a study by Bauer-Mehren et al., we found that locus heterogeneity genes display modularity and tend to associate within the same biological pathways, suggesting that these disorders are associated with a set of biological pathways, rather than single pathways. As suggested by Furlong the modularity observed by locus heterogeneity genes is similar to those involved in a numbers of cancers, including breast (Walsh and King, 2007) and pancreatic cancers (), whereby the same cancer type can be the result of mutations in a number of different genes. Walsh and King have suggested, because these genes converge on specific biological functions, that there are still other breast cancer genes to be identified. Examining the clustering and connectivity of genes connected to known cancer genes within biological networks provides an opportunity Frontiers in Genetics | Systems Biology to reveal candidate disease genes to promote further study and investigation. The techniques employed here have been used in recent studies concerning ASD and ID, a group of disorders that display considerable locus heterogeneity (O';). Protein interaction networks have been used in these studies to show the significant enrichment of de novo mutations in a group of Fragile-X syndrome genes (), and to demonstrate that previously identified ASD and ID risk genes have a reduced network distance, therefore being more closely associated in the network (). Most notably, O'Roak et al. mapped ASD genes from patient exome data onto a protein interaction network to show that the most severe de novo mutations mapped to a highly interconnected network significantly enriched for autism candidate genes. As well as further confirming the "extreme" locus heterogeneity of ASD, these results have provided a pathway for future discovery. The use of protein interaction networks in this study allowed for large-scale comparisons of 1000s of protein interactions curated from a number of experimental sources. Despite the ability to easily identify relationships between genes, and the extent to which proteins interconnect, these networks, and the methods used to analyze them, have important limitations which must be considered. Firstly, even though interactions within the network have been experimentally verified from a number of sources, protein interactions are often difficult to assay on a proteomic scale, leading to false negative and false positive results. As well as an inability to distinguish between transient and obligate interactions within the network, data concerning the spatial and temporal nature of interactions is often limited or ignored for network reconstructions such as this. Finally, the importance of particular interactions can vary between nodes, even within clusters, meaning that experimental validation of candidate predictions is vital (O'). Integrating various layers of experimental data will become common practice in future studies, and will facilitate the production of networks that are more biologically representative of the systems they are modeling. A potential difficulty when using clustering algorithms on networks of this scale is the reliability of the results obtained. This can be alleviated through using sensible score thresholds, along with multiple clustering methods to remove any spurious results. In this study, we used a score threshold determined through comparisons of theoretical and experimentally derived protein pathways and complexes (Bader and Hogue, 2003). We then implemented three alternative clustering methods to increase the reliability of the disease modules obtained. The discovery of the same clusters using different methods indicates that these submodules are likely to be of biological relevance to the diseases characterized. Although the complete landscape of heterogeneous disease is larger and more diverse than explored here, our results imply that locus heterogeneity genes show distinct properties allowing the identification of novel disease genes in the local network neighborhood, providing a pathway for further experimental study and candidate gene identification. Our finding that proteins encoded by locus heterogeneity disease genes are more highly interconnected than other types of disease genes indicates that clustering analysis will have particular value in identifying additional as yet unknown causative genes for diseases displaying locus heterogeneity. Increasing our understanding of specific gene classifications is essential to improve our knowledge of human disorders. As shown here, focusing on specific subsets of disease genes allows us to provide novel insights on a systems level to direct future research. As proteomic research continues, delivering a greater depth and reliability to human protein interaction data, we believe that studies such as this will become essential in providing novel advances to aid the identification of disease genes. |
BRADENTON, Fla. - As Francisco Cervelli circled the bases today, his fly ball to the opposite field dropping on the other side of the fence, Orioles starter David Hess had to be wondering about his hold on a rotation spot.
Six home runs allowed in his last two outings. All of them in 3 2/3 innings. None of them a good look for a guy trying to convince the new regime that he can be the fourth starter.
Hess spun the story in the opposite direction, making the kind of recovery usually found in horror flicks.
He retired 11 of the last 12 batters faced, the two solo home runs the only real damage. Praise is sure to follow from manager Brandon Hyde, who knows that his quest to stay competitive hinges largely on the rotation.
The Pirates had only three hits off Hess through five innings, the last a Jung Ho Kang double in the second that followed Cervelli’s homer. Cervelli walked with one out in the fourth and was erased on a double play.
Hess allowed nine runs and nine hits, including four home runs, over 2 2/3 innings in his previous start against the Twins in Fort Myers. He couldn’t afford anything close to a repeat.
“To be honest, I wasn’t really thinking about much about last start,” he said. “I was just primarily thinking I wish the wind wasn’t blowing straight out that way. But I got behind in the count, got in a fastball position that (Cervelli) was kind of expecting it and was able to lift it a little bit and take it out. But really, just focusing on getting back to work the next pitch.
Hess hasn’t been told whether he’s going to pitch again in Florida. If today marked his last outing, he left a much better impression.
Nate Karns replaced Hess and served up Jonah Davis’ second home run of the day to tie the score 3-3. Davis was a late addition to the lineup after the Pirates scratched center fielder Starling Marte, and he took Hess deep in the first.
Hess threw 58 pitches, 38 for strikes. His concluded his day by retiring the side in order on nine pitches, striking out Melky Cabrera and surviving a long fly ball to left by Colin Moran.
Hess did more throwing in the bullpen to get his pitch up to 85, headed back to the clubhouse and waited for the ride back to Sarasota and whatever plans the Orioles have in store for him.
The Orioles don’t need a fifth starter until April 3 and the fourth spot appears to be a two-man race between Hess and Mike Wright. Josh Rogers was supposed to start today, but got bumped to the bullpen due to Tuesday’s rainout.
Hess is carrying his passport with him just in case he’s included on the trip to Toronto for the second series.
The Orioles trailed 2-0 until sending nine batters to the plate in the fourth and scoring three runs against Chris Archer. Trey Mancini hit his first spring home run, Rio Ruiz and Joey Rickard had back-to-back doubles and Hanser Alberto lifted a sacrifice fly for a 3-2 lead.
Rickard also doubled in the second and is batting .395.
Mancini was 6-for-27 with one RBI before today. He struck out in his first at-bat, homered to right field in the fourth and singled in the fifth.
The home run drought wasn’t weighing on his mind. He smiled at the mere mention of it.
The Orioles scored twice in the ninth on Drew Jackson’s two-run single to take a 5-3 lead.
Andrew Susac was put on second base to start the inning, for whatever reason, and Hanser Alberto singled to move him to third.
Hyde and head athletic trainer Brian Ebel came out in the bottom of the ninth to check on Rogers, who threw a couple of warm-up tosses and stayed in the game. Rogers issued a walk and was removed.
Rogers had tossed a scoreless eighth inning.
Chris Davis struck out in his first three plate appearances, twice looking, and walked in the eighth. He’s 4-for-27 with six walks and 15 strikeouts this spring.
Update: Jung Ho Kang hit a grand slam in the ninth inning off D.J. Snelten and the Orioles lost 7-5.
Final update: Snelton replaced Rogers and hit a batter to load the bases for Kang, who delivered the walk-off. The inning began with another runner put at second base, which is supposed to be done this spring in extras, but games haven’t extended past regulation.
Rogers apparently told Hyde that he wanted to stay in the game.
Hess already was expected to make the club and Hyde basically offered a confirmation.
So he’s making the team?
“Yeah, I think he’s got a good chance of making the team,” Hyde replied.
Hess made a nice recovery after the second home run. |
Developing the capacity of general practice staff to support healthier weight status in children Lambeth has implemented a healthy weight care pathway including capacity building of multi-agency staff. Successes include being the only borough in the country to see statistical reductions in childhood obesity over 5 years; but the challenge of 39.2% of 1011-year olds leaving primary school as overweight/obese persists. When families approach GPs to validate the National Child Measurement Programme feedback, challenges include interpretation and explanation of body mass index (BMI). GPs have also felt uncomfortable raising the issue in routine consultations.To understand potential enablers to raising the issue of unhealthy weight in children in general practice.70 staff (GPs 58%; Nurses 25%; GP registrar/trainee 7%; and HCA/other 10%) completed a bespoke childhood obesity capacity building workshop (accredited by the Royal College of GPs). Using scenario-based activities and end of session written questionnaire we gathered: knowledge and perceptions of weight measures, role of diet, nutrition and physical activity, as well as current blocks and potential enablers for brief intervention.Less than 5% of participants were able to identify a very overweight child by visual inspection. Confidence in raising the issue was reported due to enhanced knowledge of energy intake, physical activity and provision of a BMI wheel (40%), new ways of raising the issue (30%), understanding of supportive services in Lambeth (30%).Supportive measures identified within a whole systems approach including role of schools, government, public health and the CCG are informing future planning. |
ESSEX — With the Essex Steam Train season about to begin, motorists are asked to refresh their sense of caution at the many railroad crossings in the lower Connecticut River valley.
At crossings with stop signs, motorists are required by law to come to a complete stop before the white line, and yield to approaching rail traffic. At crossings with flashing lights and/or gates, motorists are required to come to a full stop before the white line and wait until rail traffic passes and lights/gates shut off, according to a press release.
Vehicles carrying passengers for hire, as well as vehicles carrying hazarddous materials, are required by federal law to stop at all railroad crossings at all times, and yield to approaching rail traffic regardless of signs, lights or gates.
The Valley Railroad will be working in conjunction with law enforcement to reduce a recent increase in unsafe motorist behavior at the Route 153/Plains Road railroad crossing in Essex, the release said.
This will entail police surveillance, and may include written warnings and/or fines for motorists failing to heed crossing signals. Fines can start at $129, and points can be assessed against a CT driver’s license.
Railroad crossings, signals, and train operations are inspected and maintained to strict standards as promulgated by the Federal Railroad Administration and the Connecticut Department of Transportation. The final piece of the safety puzzle at crossings is attentiveness and safe action by motorists using the crossings, the release said.
For information, contact Robert Bradway, vice president of track and property, The Valley Railroad Company, at 860-964-3422. |
Identification and characterization of plant glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase. GPX-PDE (glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase; EC 3.1.4.46) is a relatively poorly characterized enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of various glycerophosphodiesters (glycerophosphocholine, glycerophosphoethanolamine, glycerophosphoglycerol, glycerophosphoserine and bis-glycerophosphoglycerol), releasing sn-glycerol 3-phosphate and the corresponding alcohol. In a previous study, we demonstrated the existence of a novel GPX-PDE in the cell walls and vacuoles of plant cells. Since no GPX-PDE had been identified in any plant organism, the purification of GPX-PDE from carrot cell walls was attempted. After extraction of cell wall proteins from carrot cell suspension cultures with CaCl2, GPX-PDE was purified up to 2700-fold using, successively, ammonium sulphate precipitation, gel filtration and concanavalin A-Sepharose. Internal sequence analysis of a 55 kDa protein identified in the extract following 2700-fold purification revealed strong similarity to the primary sequence of GLPQ, a bacterial GPX-PDE. To confirm the identity of plant GPX-PDE, an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA similar to that encoding the bacterial GPX-PDE was cloned and overexpressed in a bacterial expression system, and was used to raise antibodies against the putative Arabidopsis thaliana GPX-PDE. Immunochemical assays performed on carrot cell wall proteins extracted by CaCl2 treatment showed a strong correlation between GPX-PDE activity and detection of the 55 kDa protein, validating the identity of the plant GPX-PDE. Finally, various properties of the purified enzyme were investigated. GPX-PDE is a multimeric enzyme, specific for glycerophosphodiesters, exhibiting a K(m) of 36 microM for glycerophosphocholine and active within a wide pH range (from 4 to 10). Since these properties are similar to those of GLPQ, the bacterial GPX-PDE, the similarities between plant and bacterial enzymes are also discussed. |
<gh_stars>1000+
package com.fishercoder.solutions;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Stack;
public class _721 {
public static class Solution1 {
/**
* credit: https://leetcode.com/articles/accounts-merge/#approach-1-depth-first-search-accepted
* <p>
* Time Complexity: O(∑ai*logai) where ai is the length of accounts[i].
* Without the log factor, this is the complexity to build the graph and search for each component. The log factor is for sorting each component at the end.
* Space Complexity: O(∑ai) the space used by the graph and search.
* .
*/
public List<List<String>> accountsMerge(List<List<String>> accounts) {
Map<String, String> emailToName = new HashMap();
Map<String, ArrayList<String>> graph = new HashMap();
for (List<String> account : accounts) {
String name = "";
for (String email : account) {
if (name == "") {
name = email;
continue;
}
graph.computeIfAbsent(email, x -> new ArrayList<>()).add(account.get(1));
graph.computeIfAbsent(account.get(1), x -> new ArrayList<>()).add(email);
emailToName.put(email, name);
}
}
Set<String> seen = new HashSet();
List<List<String>> ans = new ArrayList();
for (String email : graph.keySet()) {
if (!seen.contains(email)) {
seen.add(email);
Stack<String> stack = new Stack();
stack.push(email);
List<String> component = new ArrayList();
while (!stack.empty()) {
String node = stack.pop();
component.add(node);
for (String nei : graph.get(node)) {
if (!seen.contains(nei)) {
seen.add(nei);
stack.push(nei);
}
}
}
Collections.sort(component);
component.add(0, emailToName.get(email));
ans.add(component);
}
}
return ans;
}
}
public static class Solution2 {
/**
* credit: https://leetcode.com/articles/accounts-merge/#approach-2-union-find-accepted
* DSU stands for Disjoint Set Union: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjoint-set_data_structure
* <p>
* Time complexity: O(AlogA)
* Space complexity: O(A)
*/
public List<List<String>> accountsMerge(List<List<String>> accounts) {
DSU dsu = new DSU();
Map<String, String> emailToName = new HashMap<>();
Map<String, Integer> emailToId = new HashMap<>();
int id = 0;
for (List<String> account : accounts) {
String name = "";
for (String email : account) {
if (name.equals("")) {
name = email;
continue;
}
emailToName.put(email, name);
if (!emailToId.containsKey(email)) {
emailToId.put(email, id++);
}
dsu.union(emailToId.get(account.get(1)), emailToId.get(email));
}
}
Map<Integer, List<String>> ans = new HashMap<>();
for (String email : emailToName.keySet()) {
int index = dsu.find(emailToId.get(email));
ans.computeIfAbsent(index, x -> new ArrayList()).add(email);
}
for (List<String> component : ans.values()) {
Collections.sort(component);
component.add(0, emailToName.get(component.get(0)));
}
return new ArrayList<>(ans.values());
}
class DSU {
int[] parent;
public DSU() {
parent = new int[10001];
for (int i = 0; i <= 10000; i++) {
parent[i] = i;
}
}
public int find(int x) {
if (parent[x] != x) {
parent[x] = find(parent[x]);
}
return parent[x];
}
public void union(int x, int y) {
parent[find(x)] = find(y);
}
}
}
}
|
The EU's heath mandate after 20 years: the glass is half full. Taking stock of two decades of the European Union (EU) health policies will inevitably provide an inventory of successes, failures and missed opportunities. Yet, the current profile of the EUs health mandate prompts optimism for the future challenges ahead: Infrastructures and institutions at the EU level have been established and sustained to add value to single Member States actions by regulation, capacity building and facilitating collaboration and exchange among them. However, given the shared health problems in European societies, we call for an enforced EU health mission that supports the life of the European citizen. It would not only benefit peoples health and well-being but would improve the reputation and legitimacy of the EU itself. In 1992, the EU adopted what is known as the health mandate, which stated that the EU shall contribute towards ensuring a high level of human health protection by encouraging cooperation between Member States and, if necessary, lending support to their action.1 The mandate has triggered important actions to improve public health for the European citizens throughout the 20 years. The impact has been discussed in various contributions concerning health research,2, |
import sys
def find_it(seq):
index = set(seq)
for i in index:
if seq.count(i) % 2 == 0:
pass
else:
return i
if __name__ == '__main__':
if len(sys.argv) == 1:
array = [int(c) for c in input('>>> Enter sequence to check with comma-separated: ').split(',')]
print(find_it(seq=array))
else:
sys.exit(1)
|
///*
// sol: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/dijkstras-shortest-path-algorithm-greedy-algo-7/
//
// video: https://youtu.be/jbhuqIASjoM?list=PLgUwDviBIf0rGEWe64KWas0Nryn7SCRWw
//*/
//
//
//// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- //
///*
// TC: O((V + E) * logV) => log V for insertion in priority_queue
// SC: O(V) + O(V), for distTo and priority_queue
//*/
//#include<bits/stdc++.h>
//using namespace std;
//
//typedef pair<int, int> pii;
//
//int main() {
// int n, m, source;
// cin >> n >> m;
// vector<pii > g[n + 1]; // 1-indexed adjacency list for of graph
//
// int a, b, wt;
// for (int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
// cin >> a >> b >> wt;
// g[a].push_back(make_pair(b, wt));
// g[b].push_back(make_pair(a, wt));
// }
//
// cin >> source;
//
// // Dijkstra's algorithm begins from here
// priority_queue<pii, vector<pii >, greater<pii > > pq;// min-heap ; In pair => (dist,from)
// vector<int> distTo(n + 1, INT_MAX); // 1-indexed array for calculating shortest paths;
//
// distTo[source] = 0;
// pq.push(make_pair(0, source)); // (dist,from)
//
// while (!pq.empty()) {
// int dist = pq.top().first;
// int curr = pq.top().second;
// pq.pop();
//
// vector<pii >::iterator it;
// for (auto it : g[curr]) {
// int next = it.first;
// int nextDist = it.second;
// if (distTo[next] > distTo[curr] + nextDist) {
// distTo[next] = distTo[curr] + nextDist;
// pq.push(make_pair(distTo[next], next));
// }
// }
//
// }
//
// cout << "The distances from source, " << source << ", are : \n";
// for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) cout << distTo[i] << " ";
// cout << "\n";
//
// return 0;
//} |
<gh_stars>0
#include "aac.h"
#include "bitStream.h"
#include "vod_common.h"
const int AACCodec::aac_sample_rates[16] = {96000, 88200, 64000, 48000, 44100, 32000, 24000,
22050, 16000, 12000, 11025, 8000, 7350};
const int AACCodec::aac_channels[8] = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8};
uint8_t* AACCodec::findAacFrame(uint8_t* buffer, uint8_t* end)
{
uint8_t* curBuf = buffer;
while (curBuf < end)
{
if (*curBuf < 0xf0)
curBuf += 2;
else if (*curBuf == 0xff && curBuf < end - 1 && (curBuf[1] & 0xf6) == 0xf0)
return curBuf;
else if ((*curBuf & 0xf6) == 0xf0 && curBuf > buffer && curBuf[-1] == 0xff)
return curBuf - 1;
else
curBuf++;
}
return 0;
}
int AACCodec::getFrameSize(uint8_t* buffer) { return ((buffer[3] & 0x03) << 11) + (buffer[4] << 3) + (buffer[5] >> 5); }
bool AACCodec::decodeFrame(uint8_t* buffer, uint8_t* end)
{
BitStreamReader bits{};
try
{
bits.setBuffer(buffer, end);
if (bits.getBits(12) != 0xfff) // sync bytes
return false;
m_id = bits.getBit(); /* 0: MPEG-4, 1: MPEG-2*/
m_layer = bits.getBits(2); /* layer */
bits.skipBit(); /* protection_absent */
// -- 16 bit
m_profile = bits.getBits(2); /* profile_objecttype */
m_sample_rates_index = bits.getBits(4); /* sample_frequency_index */
if (!aac_sample_rates[m_sample_rates_index])
return false;
bits.skipBit(); /* private_bit */
m_channels_index = bits.getBits(3); /* channel_configuration */
if (!aac_channels[m_channels_index])
return false;
bits.skipBit(); /* original/copy */
bits.skipBit(); /* home */
/* adts_variable_header */
bits.skipBit(); /* copyright_identification_bit */
bits.skipBit(); /* copyright_identification_start */
int frameSize = bits.getBits(13); /* aac_frame_length */
bits.skipBits(11); /* adts_buffer_fullness */
m_rdb = bits.getBits(2); /* number_of_raw_data_blocks_in_frame */
m_channels = aac_channels[m_channels_index];
m_sample_rate = aac_sample_rates[m_sample_rates_index];
m_samples = (m_rdb + 1) * 1024;
m_bit_rate = frameSize * 8 * m_sample_rate / m_samples;
return true;
}
catch (BitStreamException e)
{
(void)e;
return NOT_ENOUGH_BUFFER;
}
}
void AACCodec::buildADTSHeader(uint8_t* buffer, int frameSize)
{
BitStreamWriter writer{};
writer.setBuffer(buffer, buffer + AAC_HEADER_LEN);
writer.putBits(12, 0xfff);
writer.putBit(m_id);
writer.putBits(2, m_layer);
writer.putBit(1); // protection_absent
writer.putBits(2, m_profile);
m_sample_rates_index = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(aac_sample_rates); i++)
if (aac_sample_rates[i] == m_sample_rate)
{
m_sample_rates_index = i;
break;
}
writer.putBits(4, m_sample_rates_index);
writer.putBit(0); /* private_bit */
m_channels_index = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(aac_channels); i++)
if (aac_channels[i] == m_channels)
{
m_channels_index = i;
break;
}
writer.putBits(3, m_channels_index);
writer.putBit(0); /* original/copy */
writer.putBit(0); /* home */
/* adts_variable_header */
writer.putBit(0); /* copyright_identification_bit */
writer.putBit(0); /* copyright_identification_start */
writer.putBits(13, frameSize); // /* aac_frame_length */
writer.putBits(11, 2047); // /* adts_buffer_fullness */
writer.putBits(2, m_rdb); /* number_of_raw_data_blocks_in_frame */
writer.flushBits();
}
void AACCodec::readConfig(uint8_t* buff, int size)
{
BitStreamReader reader{};
reader.setBuffer(buff, buff + size);
int object_type = reader.getBits(5);
if (object_type == 31)
object_type = 32 + reader.getBits(6);
m_profile = (object_type & 0x3) - 1;
m_sample_rates_index = reader.getBits(4);
m_sample_rate = m_sample_rates_index == 0x0f ? reader.getBits(24) : aac_sample_rates[m_sample_rates_index];
m_channels_index = reader.getBits(4);
m_channels = aac_channels[m_channels_index];
// return specific_config_bitindex;
}
|
<filename>src/components/styles/ContentStyles.tsx
import styled from 'styled-components';
const ContentStyles = styled.div`
max-width: 800px;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 2.4rem;
`;
export default ContentStyles;
|
description = 'PLCs analog inputs'
group = 'optional'
tango_base = 'tango://phys.j-nse.frm2:10000/j-nse/'
devices = dict(
coil_monitor = device('nicos.devices.tango.Sensor',
description = 'Voltage from coil',
tangodevice = tango_base + 'datalogger/plc_analog1',
pollinterval = 10,
maxage = 30,
),
cc1r1 = device('nicos.devices.tango.Sensor',
description = 'Temp cc1r1',
tangodevice = tango_base + 'plcanalog/CC1R1',
unit = 'degC',
fmtstr = '%.3g',
pollinterval = 60,
maxage = 130,
),
cc1r2 = device('nicos.devices.tango.Sensor',
description = 'Temp cc1r2',
tangodevice = tango_base + 'plcanalog/CC1R2',
unit = 'degC',
fmtstr = '%.3g',
pollinterval = 60,
maxage = 130,
),
cc3r1 = device('nicos.devices.tango.Sensor',
description = 'Temp cc3r1',
tangodevice = tango_base + 'plcanalog/CC3R1',
unit = 'degC',
fmtstr = '%.3g',
pollinterval = 60,
maxage = 130,
),
cc3r2 = device('nicos.devices.tango.Sensor',
description = 'Temp cc3r2',
tangodevice = tango_base + 'plcanalog/CC3R2',
unit = 'degC',
fmtstr = '%.3g',
pollinterval = 60,
maxage = 130,
),
HeMon = device('nicos.devices.tango.Sensor',
description = 'He percentage',
tangodevice = tango_base + 'plcanalog/HeMon',
unit = 'percent',
fmtstr = '%.3g',
pollinterval = 60,
maxage = 130,
),
MagB1x = device('nicos.devices.tango.Sensor',
description = 'B sensor pi/2 1 x component',
tangodevice = tango_base + 'plcanalog/MagB1x',
unit = 'G',
fmtstr = '%.3g',
pollinterval = 60,
maxage = 130,
),
MagB1y = device('nicos.devices.tango.Sensor',
description = 'B sensor pi/2 1 y component',
tangodevice = tango_base + 'plcanalog/MagB1y',
unit = 'G',
fmtstr = '%.3g',
pollinterval = 60,
maxage = 130,
),
MagB1z = device('nicos.devices.tango.Sensor',
description = 'B sensor pi/2 1 z component',
tangodevice = tango_base + 'plcanalog/MagB1z',
unit = 'G',
fmtstr = '%.3g',
pollinterval = 60,
maxage = 130,
),
MagB2x = device('nicos.devices.tango.Sensor',
description = 'B sensor pi/2 2 x component',
tangodevice = tango_base + 'plcanalog/MagB2x',
unit = 'G',
fmtstr = '%.3g',
pollinterval = 60,
maxage = 130,
),
MagB2y = device('nicos.devices.tango.Sensor',
description = 'B sensor pi/2 2 y component',
tangodevice = tango_base + 'plcanalog/MagB2y',
unit = 'G',
fmtstr = '%.3g',
pollinterval = 60,
maxage = 130,
),
MagB2z = device('nicos.devices.tango.Sensor',
description = 'B sensor pi/2 2 z component',
tangodevice = tango_base + 'plcanalog/MagB2z',
unit = 'G',
fmtstr = '%.3g',
pollinterval = 60,
maxage = 130,
),
MagBx = device('nicos.devices.tango.Sensor',
description = 'B sensor pi flipper x component',
tangodevice = tango_base + 'plcanalog/MagBx',
unit = 'G',
fmtstr = '%.3g',
pollinterval = 60,
maxage = 130,
),
MagBy = device('nicos.devices.tango.Sensor',
description = 'B sensor pi flipper y component',
tangodevice = tango_base + 'plcanalog/MagBy',
unit = 'G',
fmtstr = '%.3g',
pollinterval = 60,
maxage = 130,
),
MagBz = device('nicos.devices.tango.Sensor',
description = 'B sensor pi flipper z component',
tangodevice = tango_base + 'plcanalog/MagBz',
unit = 'G',
fmtstr = '%.3g',
pollinterval = 60,
maxage = 130,
),
KompassArmMono = device('nicos.devices.tango.Sensor',
description = 'Position of Kompass mono-2theta',
# strange name, since it also masquerades as a GPIB communication device for NSE prog.
tangodevice = tango_base + 'gpib/7',
unit = 'deg',
),
KompassArmSample = device('nicos.devices.tango.Sensor',
description = 'Position of Kompass sample-2theta',
tangodevice = tango_base + 'gpib/8',
unit = 'deg',
),
)
|
package com.paul.diaz;
public class DiagonalDIfference {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
int [][] matrix = new int [3][3];
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
matrix[i][j] = 0;
System.out.println(matrix[i][j]);
}
}
int sum=0;
//StdArrayIO.print(matrix);
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
for (int j = i; j < 3; j++) {
sum = matrix[i][j];
}
}
System.out.println(sum);
}
}
|
import { reactive } from "vue";
import axios from "axios";
import project from '../package.json'
import i18n from './i18n.json'
type objTexts = {
[key: string]: Array<string>
};
type objOptions = {
[key: string]: string
};
interface keyable {
[key: string]: any
};
const privs = {
1: "administrator",
3: "moderator",
5: "editor",
};
const localLanguages:Array<string> = i18n.languages;
const localDict:objTexts = i18n.dictionary;
const state = reactive({
token: localStorage.getItem('token') || '',
user: {},
error: "",
});
const loc = (id:string) => {
return id ?
localDict?.[id] ?
localDict[id][(<any>state)?.user?.settings?.lang as any || 0 ] : id
: "...";
};
const logout = async() => {
localStorage.setItem("token", "");
state.user = {};
}
const getUser = async() => {
if(state.token) {
try {
const config = { headers: { Authorization: "Bearer " + state.token }, };
const response = await axios.get("/api/user/info", config);
state.user = response.data;
} catch (error) {
console.log("Cannot get user", error)
return error;
}
}
};
const doLogin = async(payload: Object): Promise<any> => {
// if (!state.token) {
try {
const response = await axios.post("/api/user/login", payload);
if ("data" in response && "id" in response.data){
state.user = response.data;
state.token = response.data.token || '';
localStorage.setItem('token', state.token);
} else {
// console.log(response);
return response.data.error;
}
return;
} catch (error) {
console.log("Cannot log in", error)
return error;
}
// }
// console.log("No query: token exists.");
};
const initUser = async(data: Object): Promise<any> => {
if (state.token) {
try {
const config = { headers: { Authorization: "Bearer " + state.token } };
const response = await axios.post('/api/user/add', data, config);
// console.log(response.data);
return response;
} catch (error) {
console.log("Cannot get", error);
return error;
}
} else {
try {
const response = await axios.post('/api/user/reg', data);
// console.log(response.data);
return response;
} catch (error) {
console.log("Cannot get", error);
return error;
}
}
};
const postData = async(table: string, data: Object): Promise<any> => {
if (state.token) {
try {
const config = { headers: { Authorization: "Bearer " + state.token } };
// console.log(`POST ${table}`);
const response = await axios.post('/api/'+ table, data, config);
console.log("store:response", response.data);
return response;
} catch (error) {
console.log("Cannot get", error);
return error;
}
}
console.log("No token. Fail.");
};
const deleteById = async(table: string, id: string): Promise<any> => {
if (state.token) {
try {
const config = { headers: { Authorization: "Bearer " + state.token }, "params": {} };
// if(id) { config["params"] = { id: id }; }
console.log("delete query", table, id);
const response = await axios.delete("/api/" + table + "/" + id, config);
console.log(response.data);
return response;
} catch (error) {
console.log("Cannot delete", error);
return error;
}
}
console.log("No token. Fail.");
};
const getData = async(table: string, id?: string, pager?: Array<number>): Promise<any> => {
if (state.token) {
try {
const config = { headers: { Authorization: "Bearer " + state.token }, "params": {} };
if(id) { config["params"] = { id: id }; }
if(pager && pager.length) {
config["params"] = {
off: pager[0] || 0 ,
lim: pager[1] || 100 ,
};
}
// console.log(`GET ${table}`);
const response = await axios.get("/api/" + table, config);
// console.log(response.data);
return response;
} catch (error) {
console.log("Cannot get", error);
return error;
}
}
console.log("No token. Fail.");
};
const getDataMulti = async (datum: objOptions, rules: objOptions, sorts: objOptions, pager: objOptions) =>{
const tables = Object.keys(datum);
return (await Promise.all(tables.map(t => getData(t, undefined, pager?.[t] as any)))).map((x,i) => {
if (rules?.[tables[i]]) {
const prop = rules[tables[i]];
Object.assign(datum[tables[i]], x?.data.reduce((x:any, y:any) => {
return { ...x, [y[prop]]: y };
}, {})
);
}else {
if (sorts?.[tables[i]]) {
const prop = sorts[tables[i]];
Object.assign(datum[tables[i]], x?.data.sort((a:any, b:any) => b[prop] - a[prop]));
} else {
Object.assign(datum[tables[i]], x?.data);
}
}
});
// .map((x,i) => ({ [tables[i]] : x?.data}));
};
const nest = (xx:any, id = null, y = 'parent') =>
xx.filter((x:any) => x[y] === id)
.map((x:any) => ({ ...x, ...leaf(xx, x.id) }));
const leaf = (a:any, b:any): Object => {
const res = nest(a, b);
return res.length ? {children: res} : {};
};
const classify = (x:keyable) => {
const x0 = Boolean(x.data0 && Object.keys(x.data0).length);
const x1 = Boolean(x.data1 && Object.keys(x.data1).length);
const key = x0 && x1 ? 'change' : x1 ? 'creation' : 'removal';
return loc(key);
};
const dateToString = (x:string) => {
const dt = new Date(x);
return dt.toLocaleString('ru-RU');
};
const dateDropTimeZone = (x:Date) => {
const dt = new Date(x);
dt.setMinutes( dt.getMinutes() - dt.getTimezoneOffset() );
return dt.toISOString();
};
export default {
dateDropTimeZone,
nest,
classify,
dateToString,
logout,
initUser,
postData,
getUser,
doLogin,
getData,
deleteById,
// doLogout,
// getData
// state: readonly(state),
state: state,
version: project.version,
privs,
getDataMulti,
langs: localLanguages,
loc,
};
|
/**
* The states that an audio clip can be in.
*/
export declare enum AudioClipState {
STOPPED = "STOPPED",
PLAYING = "PLAYING",
PAUSED = "PAUSED"
}
|
Don’t look now, but the Carolina Panthers are 4-1 and in first place in the NFC South. Cam Newton got off to a slow start but over the past few weeks, Newton and the Panthers’ offense have started to click. One aspect to their recent success is how they have used rookie running back Christian McCaffrey in the pre-snap phase of the game. Likely something they envisioned when they drafted the Stanford RB in the first round of the 2017 NFL Draft, the offensive coaches are putting him on the move before the play, to create confusion on the defensive side of the football.
Facing a big 3rd and 4 late in the third quarter against Detroit in Week 5, Newton (#1) and the Panthers line up for the next snap. They use 11 offensive personnel, isolating tight end Ed Dickson (#84) on the right and using a bunch set to the left. McCaffrey is in the backfield next to his quarterback. The Lions show a 4-2-5 nickel defense with a Cover 1 alignment in the secondary:
McCaffrey then motions out to a Quad formation to the left. Watch the confusion that creates among the Lions’ defenders:
Then, the Panthers use a Drive Concept, with Russell Shepard (#19) on the deeper route and Devin Funchess (#17) on the shallow pattern:
The formation, route concept and pre-snap confusion create a perfect combination, where Funchess is wide open for a quick, easy throw from Newton:
Looking at the entire play from the end zone camera shows both the confusion on the defensive side of the football, as well as the open space over the middle for Funchess:
Of course, we all know how the Panthers were able to cross up New England’s secondary in Week 4. But it is worth taking a look at one of the plays to see how they effectively used McCaffrey before the snap.
Facing a 1st and 10 just outside the red zone, the Panthers line up for the play with an interesting offensive personnel package and pre-snap alignment. They have 21 offfensive personnel in the game, with McCaffrey and Fozzy Whittaker (#43) in the game. They line up with McCaffrey split wide to the left, and Whittaker in the backfield. New England’s 4-2-5 nickel defense is on the field, and they are confused already:
Things get worse when McCaffrey comes in orbit motion:
As the play begins, Newton looks to throw a swing screen to McCaffrey. But that is window dressing for the actual play they are running, a simple running back screen to Whittaker to the left:
Watch as both Devin McCourty (#32) and Stephon Gilmore (#24) – the players who were pointing at each other presnap – trail McCaffrey across the formation, opening up the entire left sideline for the screen pass:
The end zone camera provides another angle. Honestly, you have to feel for left guard Andrew Norwell (#68) and center Tyler Larsen (#69). This is their chance to get some exercise and hit a smaller player in the secondary, but with all the presnap confusion, there is no one to hit!
McCaffrey is a very talented player, but the Panthers are exploiting that talent in the early going. But putting him in motion before the ball is snapped, they are confusing defenses, and giving their offense some easy plays in the passing game.
Want more Inside the Pylon? Subscribe to our podcasts, follow us on Twitter, like us on Facebook or catch us at our YouTube channel.
About the author
Mark Schofield Mark is a reformed lawyer who is excited to work on something more important than two insurance companies fighting over money: Football. He graduated from Wesleyan University where he was a four-year letter winner as a quarterback and situational wide receiver. He lives in Maryland with his wife and two children. |
<reponame>lubbo/onebusaway-openswift
/**
* Copyright (C) 2011 <NAME> <<EMAIL>>
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.onebusaway.webapp.gwt.tripplanner_library.view;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.onebusaway.geospatial.model.CoordinatePoint;
import org.onebusaway.geospatial.model.EncodedPolylineBean;
import org.onebusaway.geospatial.services.PolylineEncoder;
import org.onebusaway.transit_data.model.StopBean;
import org.onebusaway.transit_data.model.tripplanning.ItineraryBean;
import org.onebusaway.transit_data.model.tripplanning.LegBean;
import org.onebusaway.transit_data.model.tripplanning.StreetLegBean;
import org.onebusaway.transit_data.model.tripplanning.TransitLegBean;
import org.onebusaway.webapp.gwt.common.widgets.SpanPanel;
import org.onebusaway.webapp.gwt.common.widgets.SpanWidget;
import org.onebusaway.webapp.gwt.tripplanner_library.resources.TripPlannerCssResource;
import org.onebusaway.webapp.gwt.tripplanner_library.resources.TripPlannerResources;
import com.google.gwt.maps.client.MapWidget;
import com.google.gwt.maps.client.geom.LatLng;
import com.google.gwt.maps.client.geom.LatLngBounds;
import com.google.gwt.maps.client.overlay.EncodedPolyline;
import com.google.gwt.maps.client.overlay.Overlay;
import com.google.gwt.maps.client.overlay.PolyStyleOptions;
import com.google.gwt.maps.client.overlay.Polyline;
import com.google.gwt.user.client.ui.Image;
public class TripBeanMapPresenter {
private static TripPlannerCssResource _css = TripPlannerResources.INSTANCE.getCss();
private MapWidget _map;
private boolean _centerOnTrip = true;
public void setMapWidget(MapWidget map) {
_map = map;
}
public void setCenterOnTrip(boolean centerOnTrip) {
_centerOnTrip = centerOnTrip;
}
public void displayTrip(ItineraryBean trip, List<Overlay> resultingOverlays) {
resultingOverlays.clear();
LatLngBounds bounds = LatLngBounds.newInstance();
for (LegBean segment : trip.getLegs()) {
String mode = segment.getMode();
if (mode.equals("transit")) {
TransitLegBean leg = segment.getTransitLeg();
String path = leg.getPath();
if (path != null) {
List<CoordinatePoint> points = PolylineEncoder.decode(path);
EncodedPolylineBean bean = PolylineEncoder.createEncodings(points);
Polyline line = getPathAsPolyline(bean);
PolyStyleOptions style = PolyStyleOptions.newInstance("#0000FF", 4,
0.5);
line.setStrokeStyle(style);
resultingOverlays.add(line);
addBoundsToBounds(line.getBounds(), bounds);
}
StopBean stop = leg.getFromStop();
if (stop != null) {
String routeName = leg.getRouteShortName();
TripPlannerResources resources = TripPlannerResources.INSTANCE;
SpanPanel w = new SpanPanel();
w.addStyleName(_css.routeTinyInfoWindow());
Image image = new Image(resources.getBus14x14().getUrl());
image.addStyleName(_css.routeModeIcon());
w.add(image);
SpanWidget name = new SpanWidget(routeName);
name.setStyleName(_css.routeName());
w.add(name);
LatLng point = LatLng.newInstance(stop.getLat(), stop.getLon());
TinyInfoWindowMarker marker = new TinyInfoWindowMarker(point, w);
resultingOverlays.add(marker);
bounds.extend(point);
}
} else if (mode.equals("walk")) {
List<StreetLegBean> streetLegs = segment.getStreetLegs();
List<CoordinatePoint> allPoints = new ArrayList<CoordinatePoint>();
for (StreetLegBean streetLeg : streetLegs) {
String path = streetLeg.getPath();
List<CoordinatePoint> points = PolylineEncoder.decode(path);
allPoints.addAll(points);
}
EncodedPolylineBean polyline = PolylineEncoder.createEncodings(allPoints);
Polyline line = getPathAsPolyline(polyline);
PolyStyleOptions style = PolyStyleOptions.newInstance("#000000", 4, 0.8);
line.setStrokeStyle(style);
resultingOverlays.add(line);
addBoundsToBounds(line.getBounds(), bounds);
}
}
for (Overlay overlay : resultingOverlays)
_map.addOverlay(overlay);
if (_centerOnTrip && !bounds.isEmpty()) {
_map.setCenter(bounds.getCenter());
int zoom = _map.getBoundsZoomLevel(bounds);
_map.setCenter(bounds.getCenter(), zoom);
}
}
private Polyline getPathAsPolyline(EncodedPolylineBean path) {
EncodedPolyline epl = EncodedPolyline.newInstance(path.getPoints(), 32,
path.getLevels(3), 4);
return Polyline.fromEncoded(epl);
}
private void addBoundsToBounds(LatLngBounds source, LatLngBounds dest) {
if (source == null || source.isEmpty()) {
System.out.println("empty bounds");
} else {
dest.extend(source.getNorthEast());
dest.extend(source.getSouthWest());
}
}
}
|
Eight members of Cambodia’s largest independent union were released on bail yesterday after being tried at Takeo Provincial Court over their alleged involvement in a factory protest late last week, officials said.
Defence lawyer Kim Socheat said the members of the Coalition of Cambodian Apparel Workers’ Democratic Union (C.CAWDU), who were arrested on Friday evening as they left a strike at the JSD Textile factory, had been released but were “under the control of the court”.
They each face four charges, which include incitement, though it is not clear when they will return to court for a further hearing.
Investigating judge Kao Sakorn put conditions on the unionists, including a ban on joining any strike or gathering in Takeo. The accused were also ordered to report to the court on the first day of every month and to cease their involvement with JSD.
“[If] the accused intend to escape, the investigating judge will arrest and detain them,” a court order says.
Speaking before the unionists’ release, deputy prosecutor Tin Sochetra said he had enough evidence for them to be convicted.
C.CAWDU leader Ath Thorn said that his union would continue to act on behalf of the workers.
“The strike is over, but we will continue to talk to buyers,” he said.
The arrests are the latest involving union members in recent months.
About 1,300 workers at JSD had protested since the end of last month, demanding better working conditions and to be allowed to create their own union.
According to JSD employee Khout Visith, the protest began after fellow worker Chaev Chanthol was fired for attempting to form a union.
“The workers have a right to create a union to protect them in their factory, so why was he fired?” he said.
Representatives from JSD could not be reached.
Ken Loo, secretary-general of the Garment Manufacturers Association in Cambodia, could not be reached for comment yesterday, but a post on the group’s Facebook page spoke out in support of the unionists’ arrest.
“We are thankful that the authorities did step in to detain the people responsible pending further investigations to uncover the mastermind behind these actions,” it says.
The verdict came on the eve of talks scheduled for today between global unions and multinational clothing brands over violations of workers’ rights. |
Arsène Wenger has admitted that if things had worked out differently last summer then Alexis Sánchez would have been lining up for Liverpool against Arsenal at Anfield on Sunday.
The Arsenal manager moved decisively while he was in Brazil working as a World Cup TV pundit to close a £30m deal for Sánchez from Barcelona. The Chile forward has been Arsenal’s player of the season so far, scoring 14 goals in all competitions and making light of any settling-in difficulties.
However, Wenger said that Liverpool had also been on the case, as they prepared for life after the Barcelona-bound Luis Suárez who, coincidentally, had been an Arsenal target the previous summer. Wenger was worried that the Merseyside club might have had the bargaining power. “I thought Liverpool was a serious candidate [for Sánchez] because they had Suárez going there [to Barcelona] so you think that’s an easy way to do the deal,” Wenger said. “But at the end of the day, the player always has the decision.
“Was I worried that Liverpool might get Sánchez? Yes. It could happen. There were some other clubs that were in for him as well. The fact is the transfers at that level today always take time to get every detail right so, because it takes time, you think always that somebody else can come in – [like] Paris Saint-Germain, Bayern [Munich] – to do the deal.”
If things had worked out differently in the summer of last year, Suárez might have been lining up for Arsenal against Liverpool and who knows where Sánchez would have been. Liverpool, though, refused to budge in the face of Arsenal’s infamous £40,000,001 offer. Wenger said that he was happy with how things had worked out in the end, although it would have been a surprise if he had said anything else.
“The history of every big club is made up of many big players that you missed,” Wenger added. “It goes on and sometimes you get another one. I wanted to play Thierry Henry and Nicolas Anelka together. Maybe, if Anelka had stayed [in 1999], Henry would not have become the player he became. Sometimes, it’s coincidence that decides your destiny.”
Sometimes, it is sheer hard work. Wenger made headlines around the world last summer when he was pictured throwing himself into diving headers on Ipanema beach in Rio de Janeiro but it was not all fun and games for him at the World Cup. He was networking behind the scenes and he said that he had met with Sánchez’s agent a “few times”.
Wenger had followed Sánchez since the player’s days at Udinese and his sales pitch took in how he would fit easily into Arsenal’s style, develop at the club and play regularly, which – to great frustration – had not been the case at Barcelona. Above all, Arsenal could offer him regular Champions League football.
Sánchez, meanwhile, liked the idea of working with Wenger, of playing with Mesut Özil and of living in London. The transfer was concluded relatively quickly after Chile’s last-16 World Cup exit against Brazil on 28 June.
“Sánchez came out from a period where he maybe didn’t have the number of games that he wanted at Barcelona,” Wenger said. “I just tried, like every manager, to convince the player that you can help him to develop the quality of his game and that the way we play football would suit him.
“As well, we have continuity. All the players want to play in the Champions League – it is quite simple. And we have quite a good continuity on that front. At the end of the day, every great player has a choice to go where he wants today. He has chosen us and we are very happy for that.”
Wenger described Sánchez as being “made for the English game” because of his “instinctive and tough” style and he said that he could see the similarities with Suárez. “They are South Americans, they are provoking players, they go with the ball,” Wenger said. “They are very determined as well, both of them. They have plenty of similar attitudes.”
Sánchez’s stamina has stood up admirably to the rigours of English football and Wenger’s reluctance, despite the best of intentions, to take him out of the firing line. Wenger did leave him in London for the club’s final Champions League group tie at Galatasaray on the Tuesday before last while Sánchez was an unused substitute at Aston Villa in September and only a second-half substitute against Tottenham Hotspur later that same month.
However, the statistics show that he has started 22 of Arsenal’s 25 games in all competitions this season, together with six friendlies for Chile, which have been played in North and South America. Two weeks ago, Wenger was worried about Sánchez being in the “red zone” and, with the hectic Christmas and New Year programme looming, he is fearful that the 26-year-old might suffer.
“It’s a shock to the system for everybody who is not used to it,” Wenger said. “You have to say: ‘Be careful. In England, there’s no stop in winter.’ Many of them suffer physically.” |
// Constructor
// parentPanel = parent instrument panel
// topLeft = top inside edge of frame
XR5WarningLightsComponent::XR5WarningLightsComponent(InstrumentPanel &parentPanel, COORD2 topLeft) :
XR1Component(parentPanel, topLeft)
{
AddArea(new WarningLightsArea (parentPanel, GetAbsCoords(_COORD2( 1, 1)), AID_WARNING_LIGHTS));
AddArea(new XR5MWSTestButtonArea(parentPanel, GetAbsCoords(_COORD2(-18, 40)), AID_MWS_TEST_BUTTON));
AddArea(new XR5WarningLightsArea(parentPanel, GetAbsCoords(_COORD2(-25, 56)), AID_XR5_WARNING_LIGHTS));
} |
<reponame>fin10/queueing
import { combineReducers, configureStore } from '@reduxjs/toolkit';
import logger from 'redux-logger';
import { useDispatch } from 'react-redux';
import profileReducer from 'client/features/profile/profileSlice';
import articleSummaryReducer from 'client/features/articleSummary/articleSummarySlice';
import articleDetailReducer from 'client/features/articleDetail/articleDetailSlice';
import commentsReducer from 'client/features/comments/commentsSlice';
import topicReducer from 'client/features/topic/topicSlice';
import reportingReducer from 'client/features/reporting/reportingSlice';
const rootReducer = combineReducers({
profile: profileReducer,
articleSummary: articleSummaryReducer,
articleDetail: articleDetailReducer,
comments: commentsReducer,
topic: topicReducer,
reporting: reportingReducer,
});
const store = configureStore({
reducer: rootReducer,
middleware: (getDefaultMiddleware) => getDefaultMiddleware().concat(logger),
});
export type RootState = ReturnType<typeof store.getState>;
export const useAppDispatch = () => useDispatch<typeof store.dispatch>();
export default store;
|
/**
* @Title: UserMapper.java
* @Package com.zhidian.mapper
* @Description: TODO(用一句话描述该文件做什么)
* @author dongneng
* @date 2017-3-18 下午11:41:29
* @version V1.0
*/
package com.zhidian.mappers;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import com.zhidian.entities.User;
/**
* @ClassName: UserMapper
* @Description: TODO(这里用一句话描述这个类的作用)
* @author dongneng
* @date 2017-3-18 下午11:41:29
*
*/
@Mapper
public interface UserMapper {
List<User> getAllUser();
}
|
<reponame>google-cloud-sdk-unofficial/google-cloud-sdk<filename>lib/googlecloudsdk/api_lib/vmware/sddc/clusters.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # # Copyright 2020 Google LLC. All Rights Reserved.
# Copyright 2020 Google LLC. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""Cloud vmware sddc Clusters client."""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from apitools.base.py import list_pager
from googlecloudsdk.api_lib.vmware.sddc import util
from googlecloudsdk.command_lib.vmware.sddc import flags
class ClustersClient(util.VmwareClientBase):
"""cloud vmware Clusters client."""
def __init__(self):
super(ClustersClient, self).__init__()
self.service = self.client.projects_locations_clusterGroups_clusters
def Get(self, resource):
request = self.messages.SddcProjectsLocationsClusterGroupsClustersGetRequest(
name=resource.RelativeName())
return self.service.Get(request)
def Create(self, resource, node_count, node_type, zone, labels=None):
parent = resource.Parent().RelativeName()
cluster_id = resource.Name()
cluster = self.messages.Cluster(
nodeCount=node_count, defaultZone=zone, nodeType=node_type)
flags.AddLabelsToMessage(labels, cluster)
request = self.messages.SddcProjectsLocationsClusterGroupsClustersCreateRequest(
parent=parent,
cluster=cluster,
clusterId=cluster_id,
managementCluster=True)
return self.service.Create(request)
def Delete(self, resource):
request = self.messages.SddcProjectsLocationsClusterGroupsClustersDeleteRequest(
name=resource.RelativeName())
return self.service.Delete(request)
def List(self,
cluster_group_resource,
filter_expression=None,
limit=None,
page_size=None,
sort_by=None):
cluster_group = cluster_group_resource.RelativeName()
request = self.messages.SddcProjectsLocationsClusterGroupsClustersListRequest(
parent=cluster_group, filter=filter_expression)
if page_size:
request.page_size = page_size
return list_pager.YieldFromList(
self.service,
request,
limit=limit,
batch_size_attribute='pageSize',
batch_size=page_size,
field='clusters')
def AddNodes(self, resource, node_count):
cluster = self.Get(resource)
request = self.messages.SddcProjectsLocationsClusterGroupsClustersAddNodesRequest(
cluster=resource.RelativeName(),
addNodesRequest=self.messages.AddNodesRequest(
nodeCount=cluster.nodeCount + node_count))
return self.service.AddNodes(request)
def RemoveNodes(self, resource, node_count):
cluster = self.Get(resource)
request = self.messages.SddcProjectsLocationsClusterGroupsClustersRemoveNodesRequest(
cluster=resource.RelativeName(),
removeNodesRequest=self.messages.RemoveNodesRequest(
nodeCount=cluster.nodeCount - node_count))
return self.service.RemoveNodes(request)
|
Task Force Calls for Reviving Universities of Muslim World
A high-level Task Force on ‘Science at Universities of Muslim World,’ chaired by Tan Sri Zakri Abdul Hamid, the Science Advisor to the Prime Minister of Malaysia, and including Prof. Adil Najam, Dean of the Frederick S. Pardee School of Global Studies at Boston University, was released today in Kuala Lumpur and called for a major revival of science education in the universities of the Muslim world. The Task Force included a dozen leading experts from around the world.
Prof. Nidhal Guessoum of the American University of Sharjah (UAE) was the Convener of the Task Force, and Dr. Athar Osama was the director of the project. The Task Force pointed out that science education in most Muslim countries was extremely narrow in focus and did little to enable students to think critically, especially beyond their respective domains of specialty. It calls for broad liberal education for scientists and engineers to enable them to function effectively in addressing complex multi-disciplinary challenges that the world faces today. The Task Force is putting out an open call for universities across the Muslim world to join a voluntary Network of Excellence of Universities for Science (NEXUS), to be launched early next year.
Prof. Najam’s contribution to the Task Force report was a chapter on ‘Science, Society and the University: 5 Propositions,’ and began with the assertion that “Science is not civilization. Science does not have a religion. Gravity comes from physics, not faith.” He goes on to argue that “the scientific barrenness of the Muslim World is explained not only by what is happening in our Universities, but by what is not happening in our society.”
Dean Adil Najam, who had earlier served as the Vice Chancellor of the Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), in Pakistan, pointed out:
… the goal of our investments [in Universities] is not just to produce good science, it is also to produce a society that can recognize, respect and respond to good science. … Science is uncomfortable with certitude precisely because it is in the business of forever seeking new truths. Where religiosity undermines questioning, doubt and uncertainty, it can stifle the conditions that nurture good science. … Arguably, the Muslim world’s top scientists, best role models, and most valuable scientific minds do not live in Muslim countries… the reality is that the best ‘Muslim science’ today is happening outside of Muslim countries. It makes no sense to disown, disenfranchise, and discredit this great resource. … a fundamental purpose of the University is to shape, and constantly reshape, society. Just as society is reflected in the University, the University has the ability to shape society. It does this through the knowledge it produces, but much more by the habits of the mind that it instills in its students. This implies a focus on how we teach science, how much science we teach, but also – and importantly – what we teach beyond science. Especially, in how the humanities and social sciences are incorporated.
In analyzing recent investments in higher education in developing countries, Dean Najam pointed out that most steps taken seem to be reasonable and sensible,
Yet, there is disenchantment with the results. The number of universities has rocketed, but their quality has slid. There are more publications, but also more plagiarism. All universities have better infrastructure, very few – if any – have better teaching. Far more people roam about with PhDs, but the scholarly discourse seems stagnant or falling. Trapped in a fetish of measuring quantity, we see quality slipping all around us. Rankings come up with weird results, junk science is put on a pedestal, ghost journals abound.
He concludes, that:
A policy agenda – no matter how well-meaning or generous – that ignores the readiness of a society to accept and embrace it, and invests no attention in creating that readiness, is doomed to stumble. Incentives will fail where there is no tradition of quality control. Performance indicators become meaningless when there is no culture of merit. Rankings become a joke if they can be easily gamed. The lesson that the policymaker must never forget is that societal change is not something that can be assumed, it is something that has to be consciously willed, meticulously crafted, earnestly created.
A copy of the full report can be read and downloaded here.
Dean Adil Najam’s essay can be read and downloaded here.
A commentary highlighting the findings of the Task Force report was simultaneously published in the journal Nature. |
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