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CMV: All teens should get government provided long term birth control. | At age 15 (or whatever age is deemed appropriate by physicians), I think all teens (at the moment it only applies to females) should recieve long term birth control from the government (e.g. IUD, shot, etc.) which can also be requested for removal at 18 if so desired. If they want to stay on long term birth control, the government should continue to provide/renew it until the person wants it removed. This program should be opt-out and obviously have exceptions for medical reasons etc. As soon as a medically approved long term, fully reversible, male birth control hits the market, it should also apply to males as well.
Basically, it seems to me that teen preganancy is one of the most easily preventable issues that has a huge impact on quality of life, cost to the government, and impact on our society, which also dispraprotionately hits lower income families who are both more likely to get an unwanted teen pregnancy as well as being less able to financially deal with it.
I can't imagine that such a program would possibly be more expensive than the various social programs that currently help support families with teen pregnancies.
I will admit that such a policy is basically impossible with the current political climate in regards to reproductive health, what I am looking for to have my view changed is that such a policy wouldn't be an overall social good if it could be implemented. When I discussed this with a friend of mine, he thought it represented a huge reach into private lives by the government that was distasteful to him, but I think that having it opt out mostly alleviates those issues while still providing a dramatic reduction in teen pregnancies. So, CMV: why would such a policy be a bad idea/what better way is there to achieve similar results.
-edit- for a few issues that keep coming up: Several people have asked questions about bodily autonomy. If someone can explain to me why an opt out program (for which their is no deadline after which you can no longer opt out) takes away bodily autonomy, I would award a delta. Also, for clarification, this program is not supposed to replace a good sex ed program and easy access to condoms. It is meant to supplement those things. | 43 | And what happens when some future Congress decides you have to meet some financial standard in order to have it removed?
What happens when, now that they don't need to worry about pregnancy, teens start having more unprotected sex- *because they absolutely will have more unprotected sex.*
| 18 |
ELI5: In the house, why does heat set at 68 feel different than ac set on 68? It’s the same temperature but they feel very different! | 81 | Others have mentioned humidity which can definitely make a difference.
Another big difference is from radiant heat. On a hot day, the heat not only warms up the air, but also the walls of your home as well, and those walls radiate heat back inside. Your body absorbs radiant heat much more readily, thus why you can feel warm by a campfire on a cold evening. Your standard thermostat can't accurately account for radiant heat, so even though the air temperature may be the same, you'll feel warmer on hot days as the walls warm you up. | 63 |
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[Star Trek] How does the United Federation of Planets deal with Chernobyl & similar radioactive zones? | 19 | Transporters make situations like Chernobyl almost trivial to deal with. The bulk of the hazardous material - already contained within the Sarcophagus and New Shelter - can simply be transported away (either to a prepared safe location, or converted to energy and purged entirely).
As for the fallout and contamination around the exclusion zone already; deploying an array of sensors and transport enhancers would allow them to slowly identify and filter even trace amounts of radioactive material out of the soil.
The main hurdle is where radioactive material has already being incorporated into organic life, but between Starfleet's medical transporters and other treatments, that too could be dealt with given time.
A coordinated effort by the Federation could likely render the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone safe for human habitation in a matter of weeks. There are already a handful of people still living there, and it has become a sort of accidental wildlife preserve in the years since the incident. | 29 |
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ELI5: How was Germany under Nazi army able to find the money to fund WW2 when their economy was in shambles just a few years ago? | 111 | I just wish to highlight there's a good page on wikipedia that goes into depth about this.
But in short, almost instantly after ceasing powers the nazis reorganized the economy into a state-driven and controlled "free-market", loaning credits to companies and making their rivals illegal. They also relied heavily on "special credits" given to corporation that worked with the Nazi regime.
Essentially what happens is you tell a company you will give them money in the future if they do something - with the promise of money coming in the company hires more people - these people then buy stuff in the economy and the government get's revenue from those purchases and the loop continues until it all falls down.
A lot of credit was taken as a guarantee as Hitler had assured people and the party that the east was German Living Space - and therefor the riches would come with eventual conquering of all of Europe. | 122 |
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[DC] When The Flash is trying every combination on a keypad, how does he not get mind-numbingly bored? | 117 | That's part of being a hero, isn't it? Flash isn't the big manly tough stoic dude like Batman or Superman. He's a nerd who does nerd stuff and has a scrawny nerd body. Which we love about him because we're nerds too.
You have to get through the door so you try every combination on the keypad. It gets boring. But you keep at it. You're tired. But you keep going. And because of how you experience time, it feels like it's taking forever.
But you keep at it. Because people count on you. Because it's important. Because if you don't there won't be a keypad to punch anymore. Even when your finger starts to bruise and bleed, you just keep at it. Because that's part of what it means to be a hero: persistence. | 117 |
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[Terminator Series] How many different timelines are there? What is seen to be the most agreed upon cannon? | Possible Dark Fate Spoiler:
After Terminator 2 it seems like their are 3 separate timelines: Rise of the Machines + Salvation (where John Connor is needed after all), and Sarah Connor Chronicles + Dark Fate (where John is not neccessary needed after altering the past), and Genesis (T1, T2, T3 and Salvation all occur in order). Its all so confusing... Any Terminator experts out there have the real answer? | 23 | I think the timelines are basically:
T1-T2-T3-T:Salvation
T1-T2-T:SCC
T1-T2-T:Genysis
T1-T2-T:Dark Fate
And that's not including various comics and book series.
In terms of 'official' canon, it's pretty much whichever film series is most current, so Dark Fate at the moment. | 31 |
ELI5: Why does eating strong mint chewing gum clear a blocked nose? | 23 | Basically, menthol (naturally found in mint plants such as peppermint or spearmint), activates the TRPM8 receptor (a protein that in humans is encoded by the TRPM8 gene) and is also the primary molecular transducer of cold somatosensation (touch, position and movement). This nerve cell signals the sensation of coldness. Unlike the actual change in temperature described for sugar substitutes, coolness is merely a perceived phenomenon, so when you breathe in, the nerves signal that ”cold” sensation stronger than it generally would.
Similarly, capsaicin (the active component in peppers), activates receptors that signal ”hot”.
Menthol stimulates cold receptors. As a result, you get the sensation of airflow, which leads to you to think your nasal congestion has actually cleared up. It's just a sensation, however; menthol has no real effect on clearing nasal congestion. | 11 |
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Eli5: Why will a broken piece of ceramic from a spark plug, break a car window, easier and far more efficiently than a hammer? | 18 | Car windows are made of tempered glass. Tempering is a process during which glass is cooled very rapidly by quenching in water. This causes extremely high internal stresses in the glass, as the outside shrinks and solidifies first. Basically, the glass is pulling on itself very tightly all the time. This gives it the strength to resist hammer strikes and the hardness to resist scratching by most materials, but also means that if a flaw is introduced, such as a scratch, the internal stresses will release around it and cause it to grow rapidly, releasing even more stress, until the entire pane shatters.
The piece of ceramic has higher hardness than even tempered glass and can easily scratch it, starting the chain reaction. | 10 |
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How did the underwater internet cables get there? | There are cables underwater that basically send signals throughout the entire world and make up the Internet. How did they get installed? Did someone have to swim to the bottom of the ocean and put them in place? | 34 | These underwater cables are deployed by boat. It essentially involves outfitting a ship with a large cable reel and sailing from one coast to the other while deploying the cable. The cable is dense enough to sink to the bottom.
More interesting is the process to repair such cables. Because defects happen from time to time and they need to be fixed. By measuring reflections in the signal emitted from the shore, it's possible to determine the location of a defect and a ship is sent out to that spot. The ship will use a long grapple to fish up the cable and the repair is done on board the ship. If the cable is relatively heavy, the ship will first deploy an instrument to cut the cable two pieces and then fish up each piece. Repair and reconnection are done on board. Finally, the repaired cable is lowered back into the ocean. | 92 |
CMV: I believe feminism in America was once a positive movement seeking equality, but has now been degraded to nothing more that shaming men and fighting non-existent battles. | EDIT: I'm going to bed now but I can't wait to read more comments tomorrow! Thank you guys so much for being a respectful community, and have a wonderful day/night wherever you are
EDIT #2: I'm back and can't wait to respond to these comments!
Written below are the culmination of issues I have with modern day feminism.
- The wage gap between men and women does not take into consideration the vast amount of differences between men and women in the work field. Men have a significantly higher amount workplace deaths/injuries, and men tend to make different life choices that cause them to be a more desirable employee. In 2013, 93% of the workplace fatalities involved men (The Bureau of Labor Statistics, check out the data at https://www.bls.gov). In addition to this, over 95% of the most dangerous jobs in the U.S are worked by men. If feminism was really fighting for equality in the workplace, why are there no protests asking for more women in dangerous work environments? Women also tend to make different life choices than men, resulting in a smaller salary. Men are more inclined to work overtime, where as women are more prone to taking time off and generally being less ambitious. This has to be true from a logical perspective. If women really were as ambitious and did the exact same job as men, then large corporations would would employ vast amounts of women. If they could get away with paying 70 cents to a women for every dollar they pay to a man, then they would.
- Feminism isn't about equality between everyone, it's about women. Despite the facts that 83% of women receive custody in divorces (Census.gov, here's the link; https://www.census.gov/hhes/www/childsupport/cs07.html), I rarely see feminists on the street protesting for the equal distribution of children in divorces. According to a study by The Fawcett Society (http://survation.com/uk-attitudes-to-gender-in-2016-survation-for-fawcett-society/), a sample of 8000 students were asked whether or not they supported equal opportunity between men and women. 83% were in favor, yet when asked if they identified as feminists only 7% identified as feminists. This study supports my belief that feminism is no longer about equality, but instead about exclusively improving the lives of women.
- Institutional racism is a ludicrous theory that is completely void of evidence. The primary issue that I have with this concept is the lack of action that follows the cries of institutional racism. By simply shouting "institutional racism", you accomplish nothing. If you can identify a law or a corporation that is racist in intent, I will gladly support you in your effort to fight it. Simply accusing America of institutional racism is similar to fighting ghosts, it's impossible to fight something that you can't identify.
- No government policy or form of racism is preventing African-American people from succeeding. The inequality that exists within the black community is directly as a result of culture, not racism. Blacks on black murder is far more prominent that white on white murder (FBI Crime Statistics), a significantly lower amount of blacks graduate high school (National Center for Education Statistics), the 13% of America that is black is responsible for over 50% of murders each year, blacks are 5x more likely to be incarcerated at some point in their lives than whites, and the single motherhood percentage has increased from 20% in the 1970's to almost 70% today. The inequalities that exist within the black community are entirely self perpetuated.
- "Health at every size" is a damaging movement. It is my hope that this view is shared by many of you. The health at every size movement has taken America by storm of late. The movement preaches the acceptance of morbidly obese individuals, and even tries to pass them as beautiful. The reality of the situation is that being fat is detrimental to your health (cdc.gov, or every doctor in the world), and this movement encourages extremely unhealthy behavior. It is an indisputable medical fact that being overweight causes serious health issues, and it is my opinion that actively supporting obese individuals eating habits is a very harmful practice.
- black lives matter is an idiotic movement. Blacks are shot more frequently that whites for the simple reason that they commit more violent crimes than whites tend to. While I am by no means denying the existence of racist police, I truly do not believe that the justice department is so corrupted with racism that they choose to shoot people because of the color of their skin.
- white privilege is a common idea that is constantly preached by the feminist community. The concept of white privilege is that we have a superior chance of succeeding in life simply because of our race. We supposedly live in a system that in many circumstances allow for whites to gain the upper hand in society. Examples of white privilege include preference during job interviews, and generally more positive encounters with police. But if white privilege is a result of the system we created, why is no attention drawn to the Asian population? Despite the alleged presence of "white privilege", Asians have on average a higher level of education than whites, and make $18,000 more annually than whites (American Community Survey. United States Census Bureau. 2015). Regardless of the supposedly undeniable advantage that whites have in today's society, Asians have surpassed the white population by nearly every metric. White privilege is in my opinion completely fraudulent.
I strongly encourage anyone to respond because if my views are unable to withstand intense scrutiny, then they simply aren't worth believing in.
Thanks and have a great day.
> *This is a footnote from the CMV moderators. We'd like to remind you of a couple of things. Firstly, please* ***[read through our rules](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/rules)***. *If you see a comment that has broken one, it is more effective to report it than downvote it. Speaking of which,* ***[downvotes don't change views](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/guidelines#wiki_upvoting.2Fdownvoting)****! Any questions or concerns? Feel free to* ***[message us](http://www.reddit.com/message/compose?to=/r/changemyview)***. *Happy CMVing!* | 44 | Only your first two points are even related to feminism. The rest of your post is wholly irrelevant.
As for those first two:
The wage gap might not be as large as some claim. However, it does exist, and in many places, women are treated unfairly in many professions.
As for your second point, why is it a feminist's job to argue for more men to have custody of children? That's a job for people who want to argue for that. Wondering why feminists don't argue for that is like wondering why African-American's don't argue for more rights for white people. It's understandable that a group will focus on the problems that most affect them. | 40 |
ELI5: how is gallium made if it is not naturally found on earth? | 29 | Gallium is naturally found on earth.
It just isn't found in a purely elemental form, but instead only in compounds.
Imagine if chlorine was never found as chlorine alone, but only as salt (sodium chloride). You could then make chlorine by extracting it from salt but it wouldn't occur in nature in its elemental form. | 22 |
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ELI5: why do some fighter aircraft have a Weapons System Officer while others don't(?) (more in comments) | This is inspired by seeing Top Gun: Maverick, where one fighter has a second person in the cockpit as a weapons system officer, while the other doesn't. Does the other aircraft only have a one-seat cockpit? | 777 | There is advantages and disadvantages of having a crew of one or two in a fighter. The goal here is to divide the work load of combat with the plane. The more work load there is the more having a WSO is important. But having a WSO also come with drawbacks since the plane need to make room for him. This can mean less fuel, more weight, etc. It also cost you more in training, you double the number of people you need for combat, etc. So usually you want only one pilot unless it's necessary.
In general, a fighter designed for air combat won't need a WSO. Most of the weapons are highly automated so the world load is usually manageable for just one pilot.
That said there is some exceptions. For example, the F-14 Tomcat was mainly an interceptor/air superiority fighter, but it had two seats. The reason was that the Tomcat main weapon was the AIM-54 Phoenix which was a long range anti-air missile that used a semi-active radar guidance. The way it work was that the Phoenix missile needed the radar of the F-14 to guide itself to the target at Beyond-visual range. This mean that the WSO had to be concentrated on the weapon during the long flight while the pilot took care of the fighter. Needing the radar of the fighter to be on is like a big blinking arrow that show to everybody where the fighter is, so that's not ideal in combat. Modern radar guided missile are usually active now, meaning they have their own radar. For that reason, the work load is lower on modern fighter and they are usually single seat.
A fighter designed more toward ground attack will tend to have a WSO. The reason is because targeting something on the ground is far harder to do than targeting something in the air. There is a lot more stuff to hide on the ground, there is a lot more possible target and it's harder to identify if it's a friend or a foe. For those reason, some weapons add enough work load that having a WSO make a big difference.
Not all ground attack weapon need the same amount of work and the latest technology simplified a lot of task too. For example the F/A-18E is the single seat variant that is mostly used for air combat, while the F/A-18F is the two seat variant that is better equipped for ground attack. But the F-35 only have one seat variants because it have a lot of technology to help the pilot. The sensors, avionics, helmet-mounted display, and the targeting equipment like the EOTS.
TLDR : It always depend on what weapons the aircraft will mainly carry. Some weapons give too much work load for a pilot alone. Rule of Thumb is Air combat need only a pilot, while ground attack need a WSO. But that's just a generic rule, it depend on the specific design of the aircraft and the technology. | 1,179 |
ELI5: Why does video production take so long? I have a friend who was in a commercial last year and did two 12-hour days for it, but was only on screen for like 3 seconds. And it wasn’t even an ad with special effects- just him in a car making a face. | 16 | Because they require a lot of people, dozens, possibly a hundred or more in larger productions, all being where they’re supposed to be at the right time.
The lighting crews, the sound crews, the camera crews, the actors, the make up artists, the crews who provide catering to all these people, everyone, needs to make sure they get their job done at the right time when’s it’s needed.
And now you’re in charge of it all, what is easier?
A. Coming up with a complicated hour-by-hour schedule of when people need to show up and then when they can leave, and hoping that it runs perfectly smoothly and nothing goes wrong or gets messed up or no one is late.
Or
B. Just have everybody just show up and be there the whole time so you don’t have to worry as much about a scheduling nightmare. And if something does go wrong the people who can fix it are still their, and none of the actors will ever be late because you made them show up 4 hours before they’ll probably get infront of the camera.
Tl:dr it’s way simpler and causes less headaches to just have everyone involved in a shoot be there the whole time, instead of making a complicated ass schedule. | 10 |
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ELI5: how are Forbes able to estimate/calculate the wealth of the people on their billionaires list and how accurate is it? | 352 | >This is our 29th year publishing the Forbes Billionaires list. Though we’ve been at it a long time, it is never an easy task. Our reporters dig deep and travel far. To compile net worths, we value individuals’ assets–including stakes in public and private companies, real estate, yachts, art and cash–and take into account estimates of debt. We attempt to vet these numbers with all billionaires. Some cooperate; others don’t. We also consult an array of outside experts in various fields. The Forbes Billionaires ranks individuals rather than multi-generational families who share large fortunes. So Maja Oeri, who has a disclosed stake in pharmaceutical firm Roche, makes the list, but her eight relatives who, with a nonprofit foundation, share a multi-billion fortune do not. In some cases we list siblings together if the ownership breakdown among them isn’t clear, but here, too, they must be worth a minimum of $2 billion together to make the cut. We split up these fortunes when we get better information, as we did with the heirs of Colombia’s Julio Mario Santo Domingo this year. Children are listed with their parents when one person is the founder and in control. Those fortunes are identified as “& family.”
>We do not include royal family members or dictators who derive their fortunes entirely as a result of their position of power, nor do we include royalty who, often with large families, control the riches in trust for their nation. Over the years Forbes has valued the fortunes of these wealthy despots, dictators and royals but we have listed them separately as they do not truly reflect individual, entrepreneurial wealth that could be passed down to a younger generation or truly given away.
TL;DR: Using dozens of sources they value everything the billionaires possess, including debts, and compile the values. They attempt to vet the values with the individuals and some agree while others don't. They have a team of financial analysts listed on their website and other consulted experts in various fields. | 130 |
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Did Top Gear really find the source of the Nile and are they the first? | Reddit seem to be fairly avid watchers of Top Gear so I assume most people know that in their end of season special they attempted to find the 'true' source of the Nile in £1500 estate cars. They claimed that no one had truly found the source and that some explorers have claimed to have found it but that this was not the case. They succeeded in finding a spring somewhere to the South East of Lake Victoria that feeds it and ultimately into the Nile. Could someone clarify specifically what they mean by the source, why it hasn't been found yet and just general information about the geological side of these episodes? | 1,219 | One definition of a river's source is the tributary starting farthest from the river's mouth. Using the point where the Nile empties into the Mediterranean as its mouth the possible sources of the Nile are on the west side of Lake Victoria.
For the Top gear special they redefined the mouth of the Nile from its delta in Egypt to the Strait of Gibraltar where the Mediterranean meets the Atlantic. Using that definition of the Nile's mouth the streams on the East side of Lake Victoria are suddenly the candidate sources instead of those on the West. Allowing them to "discover" the "true" source of the river.
Problem is defining the Strait of Gibraltar as the mouth of the Nile is really really stupid. So, no, they did not find the true source of the Nile. | 1,433 |
ELI5: How does Overtime work? How is it profitable for a company to pay it and why is it offered? | Thinking of working for a private ambulance company and they offer a lot of overtime (up to 60+ hours a week). Why would they pay me 1.5x my base salary during my overtime hours, when they could just have someone else do the work for 1x? In addition, why not just give me the extra hours and pay me 1x as usual? | 18 | Paying overtime past 40 hours a week is required by law, otherwise companies wouldn't do it. People died to get labor laws like this to be passed so don't take it lightly.
Staff cost money to train and maintain. Secondary costs like training, benefit, uniforms, insurance, etc cost money and the company has likely done the math and determined that paying staff overtime is cheaper in the long run then hiring more staff.
It's also possible they are just badly understaffed and have to pay overtime because they can't get/retain enough people. | 52 |
CMV: Most people aren't educated well enough on most political topics hence their opinion on how things should be done are irrelevant | I've got this mindset that most people, *that doesn't have an academic background in topics that are discussed in politics*, opinions are irrelevant. The only opinions that actually matter, that are relevant to most political issues, are the ones that come from people with an academic background in the appropriate field.
If we're discussing law, only the opinions of people that has graduated law school should actually matter.
If we're discussing climate, only the opinions of people with a degree in climate studies & meteorology should matter.
If we're discussing school, only people that has a teaching degree should be listened to when discussing school issues.
I am saying this because they know what they are talking about, and yes, of course there will be people with a degree who will say stupid things that doesn't make any sense and there will be people without a degree who says things that totally makes sense.
**Edit:** The only thing that I may equate to education is years of experience. For example: farmers who has worked their entire life growing crops, most are not likely to have an education in agriculture, but they do have lots of experience.
I am not saying that people shouldn't be allowed to have and form their own opinions, I'm just saying that their opinions should be taken with a grain of salt considering they don't have an education in said field.
Most people will say my view on opinions and democracy is faulty, and sure, maybe it is but I don't believe in the notion of giving people that are not qualified a platform to express their opinions when they really aren't deemed experts or has a background in said topic.
Change my view please. | 21 | That's a dangerous way of looking at it, what you're doing is consolidating power at the top and taking the worth out of the voice and experience of everyone that doesn't fit in the class you've decided on, an educational caste system.
Farmers are affected by climate change. The food production if cities is affected by farmers. Taking the opinions and ideas of farmers with a grain of salt and listening to educated people behind desks without that farm experience is just silly. You dont need recognised education in specific fields to be experienced in something directly affected by that field.
Your view is too black and white, and that doesn't work. Humans are a grey area. | 18 |
CMV: The US H1B immigration system should change from a lottery to a points based system | As background, H1B is the most common type of employment visa needed by foreign nationals to work and reside in the US. The typical route for an immigrant on this visa type is to come to the US for education on an F1 visa, get a job on their OPT status under the F1 visa and get their company to sponsor them for an H1B application. The application is then sent to a lottery where you are awarded a visa if you are picked.
Other countries like the UK have a points based system where an applicant is reviewed based on the amount of points they have. For example, if they obtained a degree from the UK, this will give them a certain number of points. If they are applying for a job in a shortage occupation category e.g. a nurse, they are awarded more points. An applicant must reach a pre-specified number of points in order to be awarded a visa.
The US could attract more younger talent but taking away uncertainty and switching to a points based system which aligns immigration more closely with the country's needs and provides better economic benefits. In the point based system, the country can still choose to use certain aspects from the current policy, for example, pre-determined minimum salary levels based on occupation type and also incorporate tests such as the Labor Market Test which sponsoring employers must do to show that there isn't an equally or better qualified American to take the offered job.
The current lottery system is also a big cost to employers who have to move employees to overseas locations when their H1B visa is not picked in the lottery or find replacements through more recruiting. Due to this issue, several employers do not offer positions to international students making the US a less attractive higher education destination compared to other countries.
**Why do I feel this way?** As a current international student, there is a lot of uncertainty with the lottery system. One can go to the best schools and get the best job, yet still be kicked out of the country just due to bad luck. This is a big consideration when deciding to spend hundreds of thousands of dollars on my education. It is a shame because the US has some of the best higher education institutions in the world but they may not be able to attract the best talent due to students not wanting uncertainty in their futures and getting a better "deal" in other countries such as Canada. Not knowing whether you will be allowed to stay in the country greatly impacts the everyday life. I am not going to want to buy a house or a car or make any significant investment until I am certain I will be able to stay here. Additionally, students who study STEM degrees are given a three year OPT allowing them to enter the H1B lottery three times. However, relatively speaking, this discourages a lot of non-STEM majors from considering the US as an appropriate higher education destination. This is the reason why there are so many international students in the finance and computer science jobs and not as many in the fine arts and literature jobs.
I would love to hear views in favor of the lottery system as I struggle to understand why it has been designed this way. | 44 | The immigration system in the US is already highly subject to so much manipulation and interpretation. Honestly, a lottery seems like it's less likely to be abused.
Plus, a points-based system would probably just perpetute the "pay to enter" problem with immigration that already exists | 19 |
[ELI5] Why is it that homosexuals are considered to be born gay while pedophiles are considered to have a mental disorder? | 666 | Those aren't mutually exclusive options. To be considered a disorder a condition must cause some sort of difficulty that would be improved if it were somehow treated or removed. So homosexuality is not considered to be one by the medical profession as a whole.
That has no real bearing on whether it has a biological cause or not. | 596 |
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CMV: Most of the “Socially Conservative” politicians currently in Washington are huge hypocrites just courting votes do they can execute their pro corporate agenda and it didn’t used to be like that. | Like the tile says. I’m a liberal and do not and likely never will agree with mainstream American conservatism. That’s not what I’m writing about. I want to hear from people who genuinely believe that people like Mitch McConnell, Paul Ryan, and Donald Trump sitting at the top of the Republican Party truly care about issues like Abortion, Gay Marriage, prayer in schools, what a bunch of NFL players do while the national anthem is playing and so forth. I’m also interested in whether these religious people agree on the economic issues like lower
Taxes for the rich and a smaller social safety net or if they’re just pretending to be to court the votes of people who truly are because their other policy positions are so incredibly unpopular that if they didn’t also do things like they to ban abortion they wouldn’t win elections. | 35 | >I want to hear from people who genuinely believe that people like Mitch McConnell, Paul Ryan, and Donald Trump sitting at the top of the Republican Party truly care about issues like Abortion, Gay Marriage, prayer in schools, what a bunch of NFL players do while the national anthem is playing and so forth.
Do you think left wing politicians care about those issues? If so, why do you think that?
>I’m also interested in whether these religious people agree on the economic issues like lower Taxes for the rich and a smaller social safety net or if they’re just pretending to be to court the votes of people who truly are because their other policy positions are so incredibly unpopular that if they didn’t also do things like they to ban abortion they wouldn’t win elections.
If this were the case, then someone would try to run on a position of banning abortion, or whatever, and then not doing those horribly unpopular things. that this doesn't happen is very strong evidence that it's not particularly popular. | 10 |
People say that a nuclear bomb is equivalent to X tons of TNT. Well, if X tons of TNT were actually there instead of a nuclear bomb, will it have the same effect? | Perhaps without the radiation. But I'm talking more about the shockwave, destructive force, etc. And assuming you can blow them up at the exact same time.
| 17 | It's an equivalency of energy
They could also equate it too calories or joules but tnt they think is more relatable
To answer your question directly no it would not explode the same simply because a nuclear bombs volume is smaller than that many tons of tnt and many other factors | 17 |
CMV:Bodybuilding isn't a real sport the same as custom car or motorbike or PC building isn't a real sport. | As painful as this might be for some please follow my logic before downvoting.
Bodybuilding has a few objective goals which as easy as they are to state will always be judged subjectively by judges, participants and fans.
These goals include
-building muscle mass on the participants body to be larger than genetics would ordinarily dictate without training.
-this growth should be full throughout the body and propotional to typical anatomical models
-For competition purposes the competitor should be the lowest body fat possible for the sake of muscle definition and perceived "hardness".
-competition showcase would be inclusive of posing on stage to give the competitor the maximum advantage.
These are the fundamentals and you'll notice everything is quite subjective. The judges score what they see, that is all. They probably could be more objective and include dexa scans, blood tests but as bodybuilding is a showcase, not a sport they don't.
This is similar to other showcase events including automotive, computer and fashion/ beauty because competitors although required to meet internal standards such as drug testing or( sometimes not) are generally not constrained as to HOW they achieve their specific look where as looking at something like weightlifting, you have specific criteria to meet in each movement as you perform and failure to meet these criteria even with a broomstick is a failed lift.
Futher proof of bodybuildings showcase classification is the contention and debate that every Olympia or any other major competion brings about unless conclusively won in indisputable fashion. The best example is the 1980 Mr. Olympia competion held in Sydney Australia.
No other sport has such an open ended conversation regarding the result.
There it is. Change my veiw. | 21 | I challenge your view that judge decided competitions are not sports. Many classical sports are decided by a panel of judges. Gymnastics, synchronized swimming, and diving, are all Olympic sports that are decided by judges.
From the outside, the layman can't really tell what the difference between at 9.8 or 10.0 vault is, but the judges can. The same can be said for bodybuilding. There are certain muscles that can be difficult to develop and these are noticed by the judges. These small details separate the losers and the winners.
Bodybuilders are also in a league with other athletes in their commitment to their competition. World champions spend every day at the gym and eat a specialized diet. This is not unlike Olympic swimmer Michael Phelps or basically any other world class athletes.
I will concede that bodybuilders are not competing in the sense that they perform some incredible feat. However, having physiques like they do is an incredible achievement and could be considered an incredible achievement.
| 26 |
ELI5: Regarding the North Korean who fled to Europe with 15 gigs of human experimentation data and plans to testify. How, if at all, will this affect North Korea? | 58 | We really won't know the impact of this until we know what he has to say and what the data contains.
We most likely won't know what the all the data is for decades - unless another wikileaks or Snowden type whistle-blower leaks it. | 32 |
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CMV: Employees Should Not Give Notice When Quitting | A few things first:
First, let me say that there are exceptions. Surgeons probably shouldn't quit without notice due to public health reasons. Attorneys shouldn't leave their clients unrepresented in court.
Second, anyone is free to do as they wish. I'm merely talking about what the norm should be. So on to it:
The largest part of my post focuses on those working in the corporate world. I believe the standard notice period of two weeks (or any notice period) is inappropriate. The reason for this is because:
1) If you are fired or laid off it will generally be on no notice with no out placement help or severance;
2) The impact to you being let go, in most cases, will be far greater than to the company should you up and quit; and
3) if the company wanted to secure notice, they should guarantee at least an equal term severance or pay you upfront at hire for the requested notice period.
Any "impact" to your team, even if you like everyone (manager included), is countered by the fact that the company would still let you go with no notice and no help. If a manager thought they could hire someone cheaper or better (at the same price), they would.
So, please, change my view.
Edit 1: Let me clarify, I'm arguing about what the norm should be. I agree employers may bash you for up and leaving. That's because we have a system where the expectation is two weeks. That should change.
Does no one else think it's manifestly WRONG for an employer to bash you to a future employer based on your last two weeks versus your entire tenure (which would be supported with actual performance reviews)? | 25 | You give notice because a good word from past employers of you being a good employee is very valuable to you. If the person you're interviewing calls up and the last thing they remember about you is you leaving without notice that doesn't look very good to the interviewer because it means you could do it to them too. | 28 |
If I keep betting the same number in a lottery, do I have more chances at winning than if I choose different numbers each time? | If the winning numbers are random, and my betting numbers are also random, then there are two random variables, meaning that there are fewer chances for me to win.
However, if I keep betting the same number over an over, there is one fewer random variable in the equations, giving me more chances to win. Is this right? | 15 | Your odds will be the same if you pick the same number or random numbers, assuming a fair lottery.
If the lottery is fair, it means that each winning set of numbers are drawn randomly and are not dependent on any previous set of winning numbers.
Instead of worrying about the specifics of a lottery, consider a simple example of a dice roll. You can bet on any one of six numbers, so every time they roll the die you have a 1/6 chance of winning. That 1/6 chance is independent of whether or not you bet on "1" every time or if you a bet on a random number. A lottery is like a dice roll, only the die has like 100 sides and they roll it 5 times.
| 30 |
[My Hero Academia] How many quirks would someone be able to inherit from their parents? As in if Todoroki had a kid, would they be able to inherit his Fire and Ice quirks as well as their mom's quirk(s)? | My question pertains mostly to the Todoroki example. Would a person be able to inherit 3 or more quirks from their parents? If he had a kid with someone else who inherited both of their parents' quirks, could they inherit all 4 quirks? | 28 | Technically people can only have one quirk.
Todoroki doesn’t have two quirks, he has one quirk that’s more complicated and intricate than his parents.
Even All for One only has one quirk. It’s just a quirk that allows him to manipulate other quirks.
Bakugo is another example. His quirk is a composite of his parents quirks, but he only has one quirk.
So as we go on, quirks will get more powerful and weird, but it’ll still just be one quirk per person.
So Todoroki’s kid has a few options: 1) inherit no quirk. 2) get a completely random quirk. 3) inherit on of his parents quirks. 4) inherit a quirk that has aspects of both quirks. | 40 |
ELI5: why do some medications need to be directly injected into the bloodstream, while others can simply be injected into a muscle? | 192 | It depends on the situation. IV meds that go directly into the blood act faster and the dose can be changed easily. These are typically useful for inpatient care.
IM injections can be long acting medicines that stay in the muscle and slowly gets released over time. Or it could be something like Haldol where someone is acutely psychotic and it is easier to hit a muscle than it would be to setup an IV on someone who is trying to fight you off. | 95 |
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Eli5: Why do scientific research papers need a hypothesis? Who cares what the scientist used to think before making a decision based on evidence? | 88 | The hypothesis isn't what the scientist used to think, it's what they're aiming to test. Whether they personally believe it or not isn't really relevant, often you'll have a hypothesis you don't believe because you're specifically trying to disprove it.
The point is about the way the experiment is constructed, to give it a single clear purpose, so then other scientists can discuss how well it tests that particular hypothesis.
It prevents you from just testing a ton of different factors, getting huge amounts of whatever data you can find, and then just combing through the results to find anything that looks like a discovery. You have to know what your goal is before you start | 346 |
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[Finding Nemo] Who built the Minefield? | And why? | 24 | The Royal Australian Navy laid thousands of mines during World War II; Japan also laid mines and German surface raiding ships performed a handful of mining operations in Australian waters as well.
Since these were moored contact mines and not airdropped floating mines, I'd say it's likely that they were German models laid by one of the raiders. The submarine Marlin and Dory discover is American (as evidenced by the "ESCAPE" sign), and the sub would have detailed maps of any Allied minefield. | 47 |
ELI5 Why are caesium and quartz used for timekeeping? | What is special about these elements that makes them good for clocks? | 115 | The quartz crystals used are piezoelectric crystals. There are crystals, rocks, which produce an electric current when you bend it, and similarly will bend when you apply an electric current to them. So you can hook it directly up to an electric circuit without any additional interfaces. This makes them easy to use as pendulums in electric clocks. A wafer of piezoelectric quartz crystal will vibrate at a specific frequency and the electric current generated can be amplified and fed back to form a harmonic system. Just like old grandfather clocks with pendulums except that the mechanics have been replaced with electronics.
The caesium clocks work on a completely different principle. It is based on the way that materials glow at specific frequencies when exited. You may have seen red neon lights or blue hydrogen lights. For measuring time caesium-133 have been selected as the definition of time, its output frequency is the definition of time. Unlike piezoelectric crystals an atom requires that you interface with it using light, so you can not just hook up wires to it but need a lamp to excite it and a light sensor to read its output. You can use other atoms then caesium and this might be cheaper but caesium gives the most stable results. Hence why it is used for the definition. | 98 |
[Superheroes/General] Why do Superheroes wear such unorthodox/impractical clothing and have cheesy code names? I get the need for a secret identity but why isn't there even one superhero named "Mark" in jeans and a t-shirt? | Sure, they need day jobs and need to hide their faces occasionally. That doesn't mean they also need to wear spandex and capes. Why not wear something more comfortable? And their names are just ridiculous: Superman, Batman, Spiderman, Black Canary, Green Arrow, Cyborg...are you shitting me? Those are names my 5 year old son calls himself when he plays with his toys. They're right up there with "Monster Destroyer" and "Super Awesome Galactor".
Yet no one questions it. Like these are all fine things for adults to be running around calling themselves. | 60 | A lot of them didn't name themselves but wete named by the media.
Also, most try to craft themselves into larger-than-life personas. How well does that work when you wear jeans and a t-shirt and call yourself Mark? | 75 |
[Star Wars] Can an ion canon form Hoth disable the Death Star? | Or would it only disable partial aspects of the battle station?
Also, if it was shot at a person, would it shock them to a coma or kill them? i.e. Hoth ion canon firing at a defenseless Palpatine. | 16 | > Also, if it was shot at a person, would it shock them to a coma or kill them? i.e. Hoth ion canon firing at a defenseless Palpatine.
Yes it would. Ion canons fire ionized particles (meaning charged particles). So basically it just depends on how much power you put in and it will fry a person.
> Or would it only disable partial aspects of the battle station?
It likely wouldn't disable the whole station. That canon was built to disable capital ships but the Deathstar is quite a bit bigger. It also has way more surface area and volume and likely way more fail-safes to guard against something like that.
An ion canon basically functions like an EMP in that it overloads the systems with so much electricity that they fry / shut down. Sufficient electrical and thermal shielding will keep you safe. | 20 |
Do people bleed out mouth when shot or stabbed like in the movies? | 317 | Blood welling out of the mouth can either be coming from the stomach or digestive tract, in which case it is called haematemesis (vomiting blood), or from the lungs and respiratory tract, when it is termed haemoptosis (coughing blood). Another alternative is that the bleeding is from a structure inside the mouth, such as the tongue. So generally speaking, trauma to the abdomen may cause haemtaemesis, while trauma to the chest would be more likely to cause haemoptosis.
Its pretty unusual for an abdominal wound to cause a large amount of haematemesis, as an injury that damages a blood vessel inside the abdomen will cause the bleeding into the abdominal cavity, but not into the digestive tract itself. So, one might see a distended, tense abdomen, and a low blood pressure, but unless there was also a hole in the stomach or intestine, there may well be no bleeding from the mouth.
In contrast, damage to the lungs is much more likely to cause haemoptosis, as the lungs are full of blood vessels, and its very easy for blood to leak into the airways, and so be coughed up. A wound to one of the major pulmonary blood vessels can lead to massive, torrential bleeding from the mouth and can be very difficult to treat. | 209 |
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[40K] What happens to wounded Imperial Guardsmen? | Hey there. So I was doing my Guardsman 'thing' and defending a Forge world from horrors so dark that to contemplate them shrivels my will to speak forwards. Anyways. My Lasgun literally exploded in my hands, and my arms required double-amputation. I am now an armless bastard, writing this via dictation to a servo skull.
What's going to happen to me? I get to go home, right?
Edit: If the Imperial Guard is just *handing* cybernetics out, then how come I never see any cyborg infantry? | 30 | They tend to have trained people, imperial guard medics and field chirurgens who have advanced healing technology and bioscanners, and so they tend to be very good at patching up injuries and handling poisons and infections.
But no, you don't get to go home. You're not very highly ranked, and so, unless you did awesomely against chaos or your commander really likes cybernetics, you'll get some crude cybernetics to help you hold guns, and will be sent back out to hold the line.
See Gaunt's Ghost series for an example. A guy gets his arm blown off and it's replaced with a crude cybernetic arm that can't rotate quite right.
Or you might get lucky, and get a top of the line limb better than your own. | 43 |
Assuming there IS silicon based life there in the universe, what would they use as "water" or as their organic solvent? | 50 | If water is available, there's not much reason to believe they wouldn't use it - carbon and silicon have near enough identical chemistry with water.
Otherwise, your options are quite limited. If it's too hot for water, you're really too hot for most simple liquids - you also don't really expect silicon at high temperatures, as its bonds are weaker than those of carbon, so it would run the risk of breaking apart. If it's too cold for water, you could possibly use some of the simple hydrocarbons (methane, ethane) if they were around in suitable quantities. | 15 |
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Does anything have the opposite effect on vocal cords that helium does? | I don't know the science directly on how helium causes our voice to emit higher tones, however I was just curious if there was something that created the opposite effect, by resulting in our vocal cords emitting the lower tones. | 2,270 | Yes. It’s called Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6). Sound travels slower in denser gasses and SF6 is 5x more dense than air so it makes the sound waves move slower through the gas which makes your voice deeper even though your vocal cords are still moving at the same rate. | 1,956 |
ELI5: why do crustaceans turn red when steam/boiled/cooked? | Have always been puzzled about why they specifically turn red no matter what Color they were before they were cooked. | 19 | The shells of crabs and lobsters contain a pigment called astaxanthin. This pigment absorbs blue light and causes a red slightly yellowish color.
When the crab or lobster is alive, another pigment called crustacyanin wraps the astaxanthin and influences the light that gets absorbed, giving it a blue greenish color.
When cooked, this pigment bond falls apart and the shiny red pigment of the astaxanthin comes through. | 16 |
How do movie illegal movie streaming site like movie2k, couch tuner, etc manage to even survive and make money? | How do movie streaming sites like movie2k, couch tuner, etc even manage to survive and make any money? I would imagine the hosting, server fees for that many movie would be a huge overhead cost. Then you have the movie studio, etc should be suing the crap out of them. | 104 | I think it's because they don't host the illegal videos themselves, just provide links to them which isn't explicitly illegal (or google would have been tanked under lawsuites). If you notice, the links on the sites go dead frequently. | 47 |
Why is it so difficult to land a position as a full-time professor at a T20 research university? | To my knowledge, tenure-track professorships are increasingly being replaced by contingent faculty, which usually results in many English, philosophy and history Ph.D’s being compelled to pursue positions as adjuncts. Is that…all there is to it? | 79 | Number of candidates is far greater than the number of positions available, even ignoring adjunctification. If top-20 schools are all graduating, say, 10 PhDs in a particular field each year, then that’s 200 new PhDs. TT positions open up far slower — even if each of them hires 1 new TT each year, that’s only one tenth of new PhDs. And those new PhDs are going to be competing with visitors at other institutions too. It’s just a wildly imbalanced ecosystem | 164 |
ELI5: How did the English crown lose all of its power to a modern form of government? | 151 | Well in 1215, King John of England signed the Magna Carta, which stated that his will was not law, meaning that a man couldn't be punished because the King wanted him to be, he had to have done something that went against the law of the land. This was the first step towards a modern form of government.
Henry III was the first Monarch to call parliament (first recorded occasion of them being called) in 1236. Edward I, who reigned 1275 - 1307, then began to call parliament frequently, and, along with calling noblemen and churchmen, also issued orders for the elections of one representative from each county (knights of the shire) and two from each city (burgesses). This set the precedent for parliament to comprise of three aspects; the commons, the lords and the monarch (which remains the same to this day), although their main concern was primarily to consent to or decline the taxation the King suggested.
During the 14th century Edward III stated that parliament should meet annually, and their increased activity lead to them becoming move involved in issues other than the King's taxation wishes. In the late 14th century the parliament became more powerful and started having influence over the King's ministers and Lords, forcing corrupt ministers to step down, and by 1399 they were so powerful they forcefully removed Richard II as King. After this the commons held a very powerful position, and managed to secure an equal role in lawmaking in order to secure a deal with future king Henry IV.
Henry VIII then affirmed parliament's power around 1529, because he gave them the power to remove the pope as head of the Chruch in England and replace him with the Monarch. This meant that Henry VIII was head of the church, but also left parliament even more powerful. The civil war of 1642 - 1651, which resulted in the temporary abolition of the Monarchy, further proved that the King was not all powerful, and the restoration of the Monarchy was done with the people's consent, meaning that the Monarch was aware that parliamentarians were capable of overthrowing him if he acted in an unconstitutional way.
Further limitations to the power of the crown were:
- Bill of Rights 1689, which guaranteed freedom of speech in Parliament, a right to petition the King without fear of retribution and regular elections to parliament.
- Habeas Corpus act 1701, which meant courts had to examine the lawfulness of a prisoner's detention.
- the Petition of Rights act 1860 that set out liberties of the people that the King was prohibited from infringing. This included unlawful taxation, use of the armed forces for unlawful means and infliction of martial law, amongst other things. | 94 |
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Why do some viruses, such as influenza, quickly mutate (thus require different vaccinations annually), but other viruses, such as smallpox seem to barely mutate at all (or at least much more slowly)? | 6,682 | One reason why is that viruses like corona and influenza are single stranded RNA viruses and small pox is a double stranded DNA virus.
If you have a single stranded genome, there is no repair mechanism and mutations occur much more frequently. | 4,608 |
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[Pokemon] Why are wild pokemon so aggressive? | You cant walk in tall grass without being attacked by at least one pokemon. What makes them so aggressive? | 44 | Well, to begin, many Pokemon are quite territorial, which means they'll chase off anything they deem to be a threat to either their territory or their their young, which often as not can be found in the area. To add to that, most wild Pokemon are afraid of humans (with the number of trainers there are running through their territory, and then incapacitating and capturing their friends and family, not to mention people who belong to gangs such as Team Rocket, who can blame them?), and will attack humans out of fear. It's only after consistent contact with benevolent humans that Pokemon will become domesticated and open up to them, which usually only occurs after they are... incapacitated and captured by a trainer. | 26 |
ELI5:If I always feel mentally and physically better after exercising, why do I still avoid it like a whiny toddler? | Motivation not correlating to effect is absolutely befuddling. | 78 | Because exercising for the sake of exercising is completely unnatural, and our brains resist it. We evolved to have a more active lifestyle than we do now in modern times; for 99.9% of human history nobody was running on treadmills. But they were plowing fields and picking turnips and milking cows all day, and that was more than enough physical activity to keep their bodies in shape (not to mention simply not having access to the ultra-calorie dense foods that we have now).
When you think about running on a treadmill (or around the block), your brain and body both know damn well on a primal level that that's a completely fucking pointless activity, from the point of view of your immediate survival. Of course, we know it's not pointless in a more intellectual and long-term sense, but that's irrelevant to our impulses and emotions in the here and now. It's not a natural or organic activity that we have an immediate need to do, so we understandably resist doing it.
It's only relatively very recently that we have adopted this lifestyle where we sit at a computer 8-16 hours a day and don't need to do a whole lot of physical work to meet our basic survival needs. Making exercise for the sake of exercise a thing that makes sense. But again, it's not how we evolved so it only makes sense on an intellectual level. It's always going to go against your biological impulses. | 100 |
What causes Amino Acids to "fold" into proteins? | 95 | The amino acid sequence of a protein is going to ultimately determine how it is going to fold, and the folding is stabilized by several factors. The biggest factor driving protein folding is hydrophobic interactions.
If you're unfamiliar with this, its basically the same idea as when you add oil to water, they dont mix and the oil will move together. This is because although the entropy of the oil is going to be decreased by being near each other, the overall entropy of the system is increased by the water molecules being moved away form the hydrophobic oil.
This same principle drives the folding of proteins. There are several amino acids that have big bulky hydrophobic groups that water wants to push away from and forces themselves to be near each other. Once folded the protein's folded form is further stabilized by other interactions such as di-sulfide bonds, electrostatic interactions between polar side chain groups, hydrogen bonds, and van der waals interactions. | 38 |
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[General Sci-fi] I just shot the electronic lock on a door fleeing my captors but it rendered the door useless instead of opened it. Why did the last one I shoot open the door and this one not? | 162 | Different doors made for different purposes.
Your average door is wired so it will open when the electronic lock is destroyed. It's so people aren't trapped inside in case of fires and such, and for rescue workers to get inside.
However, a high security door is wired so it will shut itself tight when the lock is smashed. Yes, it is a risk in case of disasters and such, but it's a risk some people take to protect their stuff.
Edit: Or you may have come across an older/cheaper model of door, which wasn't really designed with emergency situations in mind. | 158 |
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ELI5: What causes the brain to spaz out and let me chew my tongue/cheek/lip while I'm eating food, even though I'm real good at it after so long? | 370 | Your brain does a lot of stuff in background, which takes a lot of resources (e.g. energy.)
Your brain 'spazes' out either when you are so tired/out of energy that other more important functions are given more priority (breathing >> stability) or when it tries to find ways to save energy.
That last point could be what happens: your brain has a long history of you being good at not chewing your tongue that, some times, it thinks it can be turned off and at in those times you bite your tongue (not all the times, of course.)
Also, if you are eating a lot of stuff quickly, it's harder to keep track of your tongue and you bite it. | 117 |
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How come gasoline isn’t more expensive? Why don’t oil companies jack the price way up? | People aren’t going to stop driving their vehicles if gas prices are higher, and it’s in the oil company’s best interest to make stacks on stacks on stacks of cash. So why isn’t gasoline more costly? They could pretty much charge what they wanted and people would pay; there’s always a demand. | 19 | OPEC did this in the 70s. All the middle eastern oil producers created a cartel, promising to artificially keep prices high. And it worked. For awhile. But the problem with cartels is that there is always a huge incentive to cheat. If just one of the oil producers starts selling oil for a little less than the rest of the cartel, they can make bank because everyone wants oil at their lower price. As soon as one producer cheats, the rest have to follow and then boom you’ve got market competition again. | 90 |
[MCU] Did the snap kill half of all microbial life as well? | Did it only kill the half that was inside people to be snapped anyway? If not, did survivors experience an epidemic of gut-microbe related illnesses? | 29 | Although word of god says that all life was snapped away, plant, animal etc. The fact that we see no deforestation in the last scene in Infinity War proves that, no, Thanos only targeted sentient life/intelligent life. So no microbial life wasn't hurt unless it was sentient or intelligent. | 62 |
Why does the ice in my ice cube tray sometimes climb upwards as if on an invisible wire? | This has been happening for years and years, different ice cube trays and different freezers. I will pour water in my ice cube tray and let it freeze and when I come back one or two of the ice cubes will have a stick of ice about 3cm coming out of the top, a little stick of ice. Is it climbing an impurity somehow? This has always struck me as odd. I have a photo but I'm not sure if I'm supposed to post those here.
Edit 1: I use cheap plastic ice cube trays and I have no idea the strength of the blower in my freezer, I have always rented so I just get whatever random freezer I get, but it's always happened.
Edit 2: All I have ever used for ice is unfiltered tap water.
Edit 3: Tanks for shiny silver! | 4,068 | The ice first freezes at the surface, and can result in a small "hole" of liquid at the surface, through which interior water is forced as more ice forms. The water so expelled forms the spike as it freezes. | 2,444 |
ELI5: How does a deadly cancer like melanoma actually kill you? | What's going on in your body that actually causes your death? Why are some tumors benign and others malignant? What about a tumor makes it malignant? | 90 | A malignant tumor is one that spreads to other tissues. This can either happen directly to nearby areas, or it can happen by metastasis. Metastasis is when distant tissues can be infected by, for example, crossing into the blood stream via the lymph nodes. There they can spread to dangerous area like the liver or the brain. Once they get to these new locations they continue to grow, crowding out the normal cells that should be growing there, and causing organs to fail. | 26 |
ELI5: How does a person's brain respond if they believe they are in a situation where death is inescapable, e.g., plummeting from a great height without a parachute? | 378 | Many survivors of such accidents testify time slowing down a lot. How fast time moves in the brain turns out is not a constant. It can burn more fuel more quickly and increase the resolution of time, in other words slow down time.
Why would the brain want to do this?
It is believed it has to do with the fight or flight response. In moments where split desicions are crucial for our survival the brain speeds up so we can think faster. When the thinking is sped up, that increases the resolution of time. You have more time each second to think about what to do.
It might be that in an accident where the person is convinced they are going to die, that the brain is stubborn and sees it not as the end but as an extra difficult challenge and slows down time _even more_.
It is better to burn all the fuel it can than to give up, it decides.
Some believe "life flashing before one's eyes" when falling might stem from this. Maybe the extreme resolution of time lets the person imagine big spans of their lives in great detail in what would be just a few seconds. | 421 |
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ELI5: what happens as a banana ages? The more brown the banana, the thinner the peel. Does the peel become the banana? | 25 | If you're only interested in the peel, it's pretty simple. The peel loses moisture through evaporation. It dries out. Since a large part of it is water, if it loses most of the water, it loses most of its mass (and volume), so it becomes thinner. | 20 |
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ELI5: What is a "firing solution"? | In regards to missiles and torpedoes, what exactly do they mean when they are working on a firing solution. Especially when most modern missiles and torpedoes seem to have automatic homing / target funding technology? | 15 | Firing a torpedo involves three or more factors while attempting to maintain stealth.
The directions and speed of the ships, the current, and possibly terrain, means that shooting a torpedo is a tricky bit of math especially when the other ships position speed and such may not be known perfectly.
On top of that, while torpedoes CAN use sonar, the later it goes into active hunting mode the better chance to hit the target so the goal is a shot with a course that maximizes the chance of putting the fish in striking range and minimizing the chance to the enemy escaping it. | 30 |
ELI5: How do clothes have so much lint yet there never seems to be a difference in the clothing | 31 | All you need to do is think about that one shirt or pair of pants that was the softest most comfy thing when you bought it, but after a year or two it's now thin, scratchy, and maybe even has a hole or two. Cumulative removal of a small amount material over a long time is not easily discernable, but every time you wash, you steal a but of the comfy as lint and toss it.
PSA: Make sure you use the right temps for fleeces etc on the dryer, they fibers can melt and curl changing texture as well. | 21 |
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US Presidents should serve one six year term without the ability to be re-elected. CMV | As it stands, a four year presidency is a short amount of time to initiate new policies, test to see if those policies work, and foster new plans should they need re-adjusting. Thus, to make any long-lasting impact, each president strategically expends their political capital to make just enough changes as to satisfy their base, while constantly keeping an eye out for re-election threats and opportunities. It's only in one's 2nd term do we really get to see a President in their true form, without their constant pandering to the masses.
I submit that a single six year term, without the possibility of re-election, gets the best of both worlds. We get single-minded leadership focused on national priorities, without ever being swayed or influenced by the temptation to curb their goals in order to foster votes. Six years is enough time to implement positive changes, but also long enough to undo mistakes from the previous presidency, should that be necessary.
I also submit that amending the constitution to make this change would be relatively straightforward and few would argue against it. | 79 | How would changing the executive power, affect the legislative? The congress is the problem when doing new policies, not the president. The president could be God almighty, and the congress would still bicker and crap on changes in the name of money. | 35 |
[Dragon Ball Super] Does the title ''God Of Destruction'' give a boost in power? | So i rewatched the Tournament Of Power not too long ago and that made me wonder ;
Is Lord Beerus really that strong, or does his title as god give him significantly more power than without? Top also gained a great boost in power as soon as he made his decision to become a GoD, but other than Hakai nothing really changed about him, so why did he get so much tougher?
Hence my question ; does the God title alone already give a power boost? | 31 | The title alone does not confer additional power, but access to Divine Ki.
Think of regular ki as charcoal: burns dirty, inefficient, takes a lot to produce useful energy. Certain transformations like the Super Saiyan forms make ki generation more efficient: i.e. gasoline: more bang for buck, more energy with less volume. Divine Ki is antimatter fuel: the most energy-dense of all the ki types and able to produce a purely destructive attack known as the Hakai. Goku's and Vegeta's Super Saiyan God forms are imitations: very close to Divine Ki but not quite.
What Toppo did during the Tournament was to accept his nomination to be a God of Destruction, essentially allowing him to convert his regular ki to Divine Ki and lets him to briefly overpower Frieza and Vegeta. Unfortunately for him, while Vegeta's SSG ki was not as efficient, he has a bigger fuel tank.
As for Lord Beerus, he's really old and has trained for a long time, when he wasn't sleeping away for years. It's possible that Goku and Vegeta can reach his level in a far shorter time as long as they keep training. | 21 |
What are the key thought experiments everyone should know about? | Favourites, most interesting, best introductions to philosophy... lemme have them! | 20 | The Turing Test, Chinese Room, Mary's Room, Philosophical Zombie, Twin Earth, Moral Twin Earth, Inverted Qualia, Fading and Dancing Qualia, Swampman, Leibniz's Mill, Utilitarian Monster, Trolley Problem, Survival Lottery, The Veil of Ignorance, Plato's Cave, Bucket Argument, Kant's Left Hand. | 13 |
Couldn't there be a theoretical cap to entropy in a system? | I'm a humanities major, so take it easy on me here... but, according to the [Laws of Thermodynamics](https://www.boundless.com/chemistry/textbooks/boundless-chemistry-textbook/thermodynamics-17/the-laws-of-thermodynamics-123/the-three-laws-of-thermodynamics-496-3601/), if entropy approaches a constant value as we get closer to absolute zero (which we've never reached, if I am correct--but gotten terribly close), then wouldn't the entropy of a system be capped at -273C?
I will probably add on to this question as I receive replies...Thanks!
edit 1: typo | 59 | Yes, this is known as the Bekenstein bound and basically corresponds to the entropy of a black hole. Within a given volume, the maximum entropy is ~~four~~ one quarter times the number of Planck areas that can fit in the surface of that volume, times the Boltzmann constant.
Systems at low temperature tend to have relatively entropy; higher temperature essentially means that the system is more likely to be found in a high entropy state. | 24 |
ELI5: If I moved 1 meter/second below the speed of light, why does it appear to move at light speed from me? | The Speed of Light is 299,792,458 meters / second.
If I move at 299,792,457 m / s why would I witness light traveling at relativistic lightspeed from me? or am I misunderstanding and i'll witness photons moving at speeds of 1 m/s?
I'm quite confused. | 15 | your time will go slower the faster you travel. therefore, if an observer at our "speed" looks at you and a photon he will see you traveling with a speed difference of 1m/s. For you, since one second will be much longer time, any photon can travel through much more space in that second, effectively increasing its speed conceived by you.
Another effect of special relativity is space dilation. The faster you go, the smaller one meter will be. Therefore light even has to travel less meters in that longer second to obtain speed of light. | 18 |
[Mass effect] Is there an in universe reason to why ships in the Mass Effect universe are smaller in comparison to other Science fiction series? | The largest ships in mass effect are the dreadnoughts which range from 800 meters to a kilometer. This seems large but when you compare it to the Punic-class supercarrier seen in Halo (4,000 meters longer) it just seems strange. Especially considering the tech level differences in these series. The mass effect universe seems far more advanced than other series and yet it's ships are a quarter the size.
Obviously the universes are completely different but I would think with a mini cold war between the humans and the turians that they would just keep building ships larger and larger.
| 21 | While you can get bigger, you also have to scale up the size of mass effect fields you have to create for them.
Additionally, the drive cores make a lot of heat and build up a charge that can fry the crew if not discharged, and the rate of both scales with the size of the drive core, and past a certain point you end up where you are having to discharge even before making it between planets. | 36 |
ELI5: Why hitler didn't attack the mentally defeated british army in Dunkirk? | 23 | Because he could not, only his armour was in the area, and the terrain was no good for armour, and armour without infantry can be a sitting duck. And the armoured units were low on fuel and supplies. It would take some time for the infantry, fuel and supplies to arrive.
The Germans had some concerns about a possible break-out attempt too.
And Goering claimed the Luftwaffe could finish the British, Belgian and French troops on the beach by air-force.
"Mentally defeated" is an interesting choice of words. | 34 |
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[Portal] What would happen if you sent a portal through a portal? | Say if the portals in "portal" existed. If you put one of the portals in a box, close the box and throw it through the other portal. What would happen? Imploding sounds like a reasonable thing but I dont know. | 28 | Once the distance between two portals becomes of the order of a few nanometers but before they intersect each other, the Casimir force between them becomes significant and causes the portals to collapse. | 42 |
ELI5:Who ended up deciding the standard monitor resolutions and what's the origin? | One thing I've noticed is that most of them, mathematically make sense, since they're all multipliers of 8. I'll give you some examples.
8 * 96 = **768**
8 * 160 = **1.280**
8 * 180 = **1.440**
8 * 200 = **1.600**
8 * 240 = **1.920**
8 * 320 = **2.560**
8 * 480 = **3.840**
Why the 8 as a multiplier, you ask.
**One byte = 8 bits**.
Don't ask me why, but it seems to be related.
Yes, there's some that don't follow the rule.
For example, 8 * 170.75 = 1366.
The reason for it, I think, is because they came up with this one while trying to turn the classic 1024*768 into 16:9. So, (768 / 9) * 16 = 1365.333 and they rounded it (above, to be a pair number, I'd say).
So the (laptop) resolution was born: 1366 x 768.
This may just be a coincidence and that's what I want to know. What truly is the origin of all these sizes and who decided them? | 70 | Back in the olden days a standard screen was big enough to display 80 characters across and 60 vertically (for a 4:3 aspect ratio) and each character was 8 pixels wide and 8 pixels tall. Thus the overall resolution was 640x480. There were smaller ones before but this was considered a universal standard by that point. From there every resolution was a multiple of 8 more pixels. This standard comes from IBM who were *the* powerhouse in personal computing at the time.
The reason 8x8 was chosen for a character size is so that in an 8x8 grid you can address both the vertical and horizontal using only one byte for each. In fact, if you tried to make it lower, such as 7x7 you would still need one byte for each since a byte is the smallest addressable unit in a computer. The vast majority do not support addressing the individual bits and to do so would require another more complex hardware. Thus 8x8 is the most efficient and 16x16 is too big.
So more or less you are correct. | 37 |
ELI5: Why do companies, like Coca Cola, not brand their products, like Minute Maid, with their names? | 18 | To give the illusion of choice. They don't want you to realize how many products they own and appear as a monopoly to someone that uses a lot of their products.
Also, they have acquired many of these companies AFTER coke and want to keep THAT products name to preserve loyalty and brand recognition. | 24 |
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Could the fact that we can't tell if a black hole is made of matter or anti matter explain the matter-anti matter disparity of the universe? | I'm asking if matter and anti matter could have been created in equal amounts at the big bang, and more anti matter than matter formed black holes, and the rest annihilated, leaving just matter and black holes made of both. | 50 | When the universe was young, it was more homogeneous than it is now (it is quite homogeneous now too). So, the chances of anti-matter clumping together to attain energy densities requires to form a black hole are pretty non existent. | 17 |
[Death Note] If Light was so smart, then why didn’t he use multiple ways of killing people instead of just heart attacks? | I get that at some points he used different forms of killing, but those were mainly for experiments or to mess with L. Why didn’t he just use all different forms of killing to murder the criminals? | 15 | Because Light's entire goal was to be noticed.
It wasn't just about murdering criminals or some black and white version of justice that drove him. Light wanted to be Kira. He wanted to be god. And the best way to be a god is to make sure everybody knows about you, and knows what the consequences of disobeying you are.
Causing the mass heart attacks of every known criminal across the entire planet is a pretty sure fire way of making sure you're known.
The only reason he bothered with any other forms of murder at all were, as you said, either as experiments with the Death Note or to keep people from tying him to Kira in any way.
That and the fact that attempting to mass murder people efficiently and in different or natural seeming ways is functionally impossible. There's only so many ways to die, and regardless, patterns would be picked up eventually anyway, leading to a Death Note style investigation and Death Note style Kira. | 53 |
[GOT] Why do so many of the Wildlings have such finely crafted weapons? | No doubt that they're skilled at smithing, but most use fairly simple, unrearkable weapons. So why do a fair few (Tormund, Thenns) have weapons that look far more decorative and well forged than many of those seen further south.
Are the wildlings simply better weapon smiths than we'd expect from their culture, or did they obtain them from elsewhere?
I doubt they got them from the Watch either as they're not particularly well armed themselves. | 31 | I think we are seeing the "aristocracy" of the wildlings in most scenes. These are the leaders of the various tribes, they would have claimed the best weapons from plunder as their own, and would pass them down to their children. | 45 |
[Spider-Man] Does Spidey Sense alert Peter about regular, everyday dangers? | For example, if he goes to grab a piece of paper, but the way he’s gonna grab will give him a nasty papercut. Will Spidey Sense kick in and tell him to grab a different way?
Just for example. | 21 | Maybe not, but it’ll probably warn him right before someone opens a door, regardless of their intentions. He probably just knows the door is going to open.
There’s a thing in the marvel universe that Peter makes the best pancakes because his spidey sense alerts him as to when to flip them.
So it seems it can be used for not dangerious things, but also things he’s focusing on? | 16 |
[General videogames] I just felt a shotgun blast to my face, a grenade to my feet and felt off a cliff, but I can somehow move and function at full speed, yet my mind tells me only 2% of my body is functioning, What is happening? Are my senses fooling me? | 33 | **Wall Of Text Incoming**
You are the pilot of a Combat Offensive Drone, a long range infantry robot designed to mimic humans in appearance for the comfort of foreign noncombatants. The C.O.D is controlled via secure satellite uplink to a classified room in an undisclosed location somewhere within the United States.
Inside that room, your actual human body is strapped to a padded cot set at a 45 degree angle. Several neurofiber cables extend from a synapse-to-signal conversion box into your skull while other fiber optic cables connect the box to the satellite uplink.
From your perspective, an attractive nurse in a uniform strapped you to a table and injected you with something, causing you to close your eyes for a second or two and open them to find yourself lying face-up on the ground inside a military base in an undisclosed country.
You were then guided by another C.O.D to the armory, where you were given your equipment, and then to the command post, where a C.O.D piloted by your commanding officer gave you your orders.
The sensations you are feeling are damage-to-pain indicator signals. When your C.O.D takes physical damage, it sends a signal via the uplink back to the synapse-to-signal conversion box, which converts it to a pain receptor signal proportional to the damage and sends it to your brain.
The purpose of this is to enable you to recognize when your C.O.D is damaged so that you can pilot it in a way that minimizes said damage. C.O.D's are expensive, after all, and the military would very much prefer that you avoid outright destroying one through operator error.
The pain is dialed down to a level the military officially certifies as "sub-traumatic", so that you aren't rendered incapable of continuous operation of the C.O.D and also so that you can't claim compensation for PTSD after you leave the service.
Your brain cannot reconcile the feeling of pain all over what it believes to be your body while at the same time finding itself not incapacitated by that pain, which is where your confusion stems from. Most pilots find that over time they are able to train themselves to ignore the conflicting sensations and push through.
If you find yourself incapable of this, please inform the nurse when you are disconnected. She will ensure that you are reassigned to a more suitable position.
We hope that this information resolves your concerns. | 44 |
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Blood bank pioneer Charles Drew was killed in a car crash in 1950. His injuries were too severe for him to be saved. Per wiki a passenger says a blood transfusion might have killed him sooner. Are there any reasons/conditions why a blood transfusion could kill a trauma victim sooner ? If so, how ? | By 1950, the major blood groups and RH would surely have been known for transfusion, (eg in North Carolina where the crash occurred) | 3,245 | Blood transfusions increase blood pressure. Since his superior vena cava was blocked, blood flow from the head/neck/chest was blocked. But blood flow to the head/neck/chest continued. This causes a spike in blood pressure localized to these regions. A further increase of blood pressure from the transfusion could result in a cerebral edema, throat swelling, or hemorrhaging | 2,419 |
[Star Wars] what's the difference between a Sith and a Dark Jedi? | 25 | All sith are dark jedi, but not all dark jedi are sith. Eloquently summed up in the novel *Darth Bane: Dynasty of Evil* by Jedi Master Obba;
> "What's the difference between a Sith and a Dark Jedi?" Lucia asked.
> The Ithorian stopped pacing and turned to face them, instinctively addressing his audience like a teacher giving a lesson.
> "The Sith were the sworn enemies of the Jedi and the Republic. They sought to wipe us from existence; they sought to rule the galaxy. They united their strength in the Brotherhood of Darkness, drawing countless followers to their cause with false promises. They amassed an army of individuals foolish and desperate enough to believe their lies, and they plunge the galaxy into a war that threatened to destroy us all."
...
> "A Dark Jedi, on the other hand, has much smaller ambitions. He - or she - thinks only of himself. He acts alone. The ultimate goal is not galactic conquest, but personal wealth and importance. Like a common thug or criminal, he revels in cruelty and selfishness. He preys upon the weak and vulnerable, spreading misery and suffering wherever he goes."
The Sith, therefore, have had many differing incarnations (the ancient Sith order of Marka Ragnos/Naga Sadow, the Rule of Two, Brotherhood of Darkness, Rule of one) but are all unified by vastly similar secrets, rituals and end goal of galactic domination. It is very much a club that not just any Darkside user can join but must be inducted by a member into.
Non-Sith dark jedi tend to be out for their own non sith goals, unless they are part of a group of Dark Jedi under the control of the Sith (not inducted into the Sith order but generally following the Sith in order to take the eventual chance).
The Sith also believe themselves to be inherently superior to all non-sith dark jedi - The Sith use their emotions, but can also control them and not let themselves be slaves to them. Furthermore, at least according to Count Dooku in his first encounter with Asajj Ventress, the Sith don't allow themselves to feel any fear, which although leads to the dark side does not provide much use and is a liability for a Sith Master. | 30 |
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ELI5: Why can I go to sleep hungry and when I wake up, I don't feel hungry for a few hours | 332 | because when you don't eat for a while your body goes into fasting state which is basically energy saving mode (like on your phone or computer) and then you won't be hungry. it's a nice method if you are on a diet and only eat 2 meals a day with longer breaks in between. | 89 |
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Is Maths a branch of Logic or is Logic a branch of Maths? Why? What does it mean to be a "branch of" a discipline? | 46 | A branch of another discipline would mean everything contained in the branch is a subset of the parent discipline. This would be like calculus being a branch of mathematics since everything in calculus is math but math is more than just calculus. Neither math not logic is a branch of the other since both has a scope beyond what is tought in the other. Mathematical logic is a branch of both logic and math but Math has more topics beyond that like calculus and logic has more topics beyond that like logical theories in formal languages. | 38 |
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ELI5:why do pro gamers retire in their early 20's? Do your reflexes really drop so significantly that early in life? | 61 | Several reasons:
1) you don't really make that much money. Only top players make the big money. For every guy making over $100k a year, there are hundreds who don't. It's kind of like the acting industry. The top 1% of actors make huge money, the other 99% are broke. At some point these guys realize they will never be a top player and they can make more money doing something else.
2) it not all fun and games, it is a job. These guys play the same game every day for 12+ hours a day to be as good as they are. Just imagine that. It would get real boring, really quickly. Also, they are not playing to have fun, they are playing to win. They only get paid when they win, so there is a lot of stress to win. Even if these guys are on contract with guaranteed pay, they are always at risk of losing that contract if their performance slips or if the team finds a better player to replace them.
3) medical reasons. Yes, you read that correctly. Carpal tunnel syndrome is real and extremely painful. Using all those fine motor skills in the hand can actually damage the muscles and tendons in the hand. Our hands were not designed to use the fine motor muscle constantly for hours on end. Also, the pressure and constant stress to win takes a physical toll on the body.
4) games change. Most professional gamers specialize in 1 or maybe 2 games. After a few years, and as new games come out, older games stop getting media coverage and the prize money for their tournaments drop. In some cases, tournaments cease to exist for that game and there is no more demand. If you are lucky, your chosen game will have several iterations (like Halo or COD) that only have minor changes as each new version comes out. If not, there is no guarantee that you will be as good at a different game.
5) At some point, you want a normal life. You want to be able to date, get married, have kids, etc. You need a stable career and free time to do this. | 68 |
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ELI5:How does Thermal Imaging work? | 1,587 | Heat sources emit electromagnetic radiation with a frequency respecting to their temperature. The visible spectrum of EM radiation ranges from red to violet. The sun's surface is about 5000 Kelvin hot and our eyes happen to see this light. Infrared means that the frequency of the EM radiation coming from an object is below the visible specrum due to lower temperature than the sun, anyway it can still be detected and it's frequency measured pretty accurately.
But How do we get a picture we CAN see?
Like digital cameras have light sensitive chips that render visible light directly to true red- green- and blue information in their memory, we can build a chip that detects light of lower frequency and renders it to any other colour and intensity value in real time.
It's just a microchip doing real time calculus, mapping the gathered frequency and intensity information to another color map we can display and see. | 664 |
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[To Kill a Mockingbird] Why was Arthur "Boo" Radley stuck inside his house? | Is he imprisoned against his will by someone or does he simply want to be a hermit/recluse? Was he expected to stay inside for the remainder of his life? | 25 | The only detail we get is that his father used to lock him up in the basement, suggesting he was a victim of severe abuse.
Judging from his extreme pallor and strange, halting speech patterns, the implication seems to be that he is in some way mentally ill and not able to handle basic social activity, either a consequence of his illness or his mistreatment at his father's hands. It may be that he is dangerous- though given what happened to Bob Ewell, if he IS dangerous, it's probably not to innocents (not that people in this provincial community would make such a distinction) | 26 |
[DC] Does the Joker like lesser villains that he either might find funny, or have similar taste? | Im thinking of The Trickster, Toyman, are his taste but he wouldnt find them threatening-so no murder possibly.
Kite-man, 10 eyes man, Condiment king-I could see him laughing his ass off at them. | 22 | Nope. He has always hated his "imitations." The only one he considers a peer is the Riddler. He's more playful and less scary when he picks on him. In the War of Jokes and Riddles, Riddler enacts a giant elaborate plan to make Joker (who has been down) laugh. He unintentionally gets the laugh when he tries to stab Joker in frustration and Batman steps between them. | 37 |
Self-studying the history of western philosophy through primary literature, from Plato to Kant | I have been self-studying philosophy for about a year now, but I've mostly been reading secondary literature. Introductory books like Blackburn's *Think* and Russell's *The Problems of Philosophy*, a history of philosophy or two, the SEP and IEP, podcasts, blogs, etc. I'm currently reading Kenny's *New History of Western Philosophy*. (Also, I'm going to university to study mathematics and physics next year, so that's sort of the lens through which I'm seeing all this.)
However, I want to try my hand at reading primary literature. I'm mostly interested in epistemology, logic and to a lesser extend metaphysics, and I was thinking of taking a chronological but superficial look at some of the most important philosophers. Skip over the Presocratics for now, read some Plato and Aristotle, again save Hellenistic and Medieval philosophy for later, and read Descartes through Kant (roughly following [this](https://www.reddit.com/r/philosophy/wiki/readinglist#wiki_epistemology), see below).
**PLATO**
About Plato, I was thinking of following /u/wokeupabug's suggested order [here](https://www.reddit.com/r/askphilosophy/comments/3frbf5/how_to_self_study_plato/ctrrl1t), though reading all of the mentioned dialogues seem a bit much. Maybe just the first four (*Euthyphro*, *Apology*, *Crito*, *Phaedo*) or perhaps nine (also *Meno*, *Republic I-II*, *Protagoras*, *Gorgias*) would suffice for now?
**ARISTOTLE**
Concerning Aristotle, /u/wokeupabug (he really seems to know his stuff) again has what seems to be a quite comprehensive suggested reading order [here](https://www.reddit.com/r/Aristotle/comments/11e5k5/what_work_is_a_good_place_to_start_when_studying/c6m6z9k), but again, it seems *too* comprehensive for what I want. And here it's less clear, at least to me, what to focus on for a first primary glance at his philosophy. Any recommendations?
**MODERN PHILOSOPHY**
As for Descartes and later, this is what I had in mind (works in bold for now, but I want to read the rest at a later time):
- Descartes
- Discourse on Method
- **Meditations on First Philosophy**
- Locke
- **Essay Concerning Human Understanding**
- Leibniz
- **New Essays on Human Understanding**
- Berkeley
- A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (is it worth reading as well?)
- **Three Dialogues**
- Hume
- A Treatise of Human Nature
- **An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding**
- An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals
- Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
- Kant
- **Prolegomena**
- Critique of Pure Reason
- Groundwork of the Principles of Morals
Does this make any sense whatsoever? I'd really appreciate any help or recommendations.
EDIT: Thanks, everyone, for your suggestions. They are a tremendous help! | 44 | I think skipping 1900 years of philosophy is likely to be a mistake. Plotinus and definitely Aquinas would be good inclusions, and their most famous works are the *Enneads* and the *Summa Thelogica* (or maybe the *Summa Contra Gentiles*).
Also, when it comes time to move into contemporary philosophy, do you want to focus on continental, analytic, or both? | 13 |
[Captain America 2] Cap' is running at them protecting his torso behind his shield, so why don't the bad guys ever just shoot at his feet? | 82 | Because shooting at small, fast-moving targets is hella hard. Most military/police forces are trained not to aim at the legs at all, but at the torso. Specifically center mass. On no occasion will they ever be trained to 'shoot to wound'.
When they go up against Cap, they fall back on their basic training. Primary targets would be hips (shatter the bone and he can't run), two to the chest (He might push past one with drugs or adrenaline, but a hammer pair usually forces the target into shock), or headshot (Insta-kill.). The fact that they fall back on that isn't a mark of them being terrible marksmen or being poorly trained. Just the opposite. It's just, y'know. The shield. | 115 |
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How big would a sphere (or planet) of water have to be for ice to form at the core? | 54 | You must specify what temperature this sphere should have to be able to answer the question. If it was just put in empty space it would cool to close to the absolute zero temperature and freeze no matter what the size. | 16 |
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[The Truman Show] What did they do with that giant set of his after Truman escaped? | 74 | They opened it up to the public as a very expensive theme-park.
After the world watched the producers try to kill Truman to prevent his escape without divers in the water or any other sort of reasonable controls, the process became a legal nightmare as they had to offer Truman a nine figure settlement for emotional duress, back pay, and exploitation of his likeness which included a large portion of the royalties. | 91 |
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ELI5: when I'm very intoxicated why does the cold weather not bother me? | 53 | Alcohol dilates (expands) your blood vessels. This makes you feel warmer because more blood (which carries heat) is being pumped to your extremities. However, this is bad because it means you're losing heat faster and your core (heart and other organs) is losing heat which leads to hypothermia and potentially death. | 57 |
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CMV: I believe that professional porn stars and prostitutes (both sexes) are the same, and since one is legal, they both should be. | It doesn't make any sense to me how prostitution is illegal in the US (except for that one area in what, Nevada?) but professional porn companies that pay people to have sex on the camera are completely legal and legitimate businesses. I feel as if these companies are simply exploiting sex workers and that prostitutes could greatly benefit from being able to legally exchange sex for money. They make the rules, they decide who they work with and how often they do it, where they want to live and work, and all their income goes to them. There's no middle man and no pressure to do something they're not comfortable with. Why do they have to work for someone else? Why can't they run their own business? | 160 | In the result, it may seem they are similar. However, this is how it is different:
Porn is still considered a function of film, and thus creative artistic license. What does that mean? That means it's an issue of freedom of speech. Yes, quite a bit of porn out there isn't really much of a film in terms of how we would normally judge a film. But there are plenty of films that tread this line, so where does it end? In banning pornography, can there never be a sex scene in a movie again? That's why it's legal- because to outlaw it is to create a slippery slope that inherently violates some freedom of speech issues.
Prostitution is a direct business transaction, and therefore does not fall privy under freedom of speech. As a business interaction it can be open to regulation, or being outlawed. That's the fundamental difference between them. Although it seems silly because the end product seems basically the same, how both mediums actually interact with society as a whole are vastly different. | 50 |
How far is a meteor from an observer? | When I see a shooting star in the sky, how far could it possibly be from me? Clearly, it varies, but what would the maximum range be? | 23 | They become visible around 100 km altitude. So if it's overhead or nearly so then that's roughly the distance to it. If it's near the horizon then it could be much further away. 100 km altitude and exactly at the horizon would be about 1,100 km away. Unlikely that you could see one exactly at the horizon but you asked for the maximum. | 10 |
What is the "fiscal cliff"? | I don't know if this has been asked before, but this is something that has ~~peaked~~piqued my curiosity. I hear a lot about this but I don't know or understand exactly what it is. | 44 | There is a day at the end of the year where the big people in charge (congress) must reach an agreement about the budget for the upcoming year, or these things called emergency cuts will kick in. The emergency cuts will roll back spending and cut jobs, even if the workers have been doing a great job.
This is just a back up plan for when there is no plan. | 73 |
CMV: The only valid moral philosophy is one that compels minimization of suffering and maximization of happiness. The disdain at the idea of killing someone for their organs is not evidence of a flaw in utilitarianism, but in human evaluation of ethical conundrums. | Since the dawn of moral philosophy, it seems, people have attacked systems of ethics with a variation of this tactic:
Person 1 - "I've come up with a system of ethics. Let me explain it to you. It's based on these principles..."
Person 2, after thinking - "Ok, but imagine y scenario. It feels weird to just allow y scenario to happen, but it does, if your ideas are true."
This is ridiculous. A moral system can't be wrong because "it allows x to happen and I don't like that because x seems axiomatically bad". Moral systems serve to evaluate our actions and tell us what the right thing to do is, not to just conform to our ingrained sense of morality. They should only care about how we feel about certain scenarios inasmuch as they have to factor that into their analysis. Suggesting otherwise is a naturalistic fallacy.
And yet, a ton of arguments I see time and time again utilitarianism in general falls into this basket of bullshit reasoning.
"A single healthy man’s life is greater than that of four dying people because muh feelings"
“I can’t push a fat man onto the train tracks to save 5 people why would I do that how could you suggest I do that”
These are not arguments against utilitarianism. They’re statements about how you feel about certain scenarios in ethics. You haven’t argued for anything, unless your goal is to establish a moral philosophy of “my personal inclinations”.
Actions should be evaluated by their consequences. If an action does not cause suffering, then, even if unsettling, it is either good or neutral.
The only bad thing in the world is suffering. The only good thing in the world is joy. All else is meaningful because it means a subset of these emotions or a mix of them. The child dies, but the bad part is the fact that you/the child’s family are suffering from it. Things like eating and having sex are fun not because all sentient beings are somehow objectively attracted to these things, but because we’ve evolved to have those value systems. We care about our young because we were programmed that way by nature, and that doesn’t make it less meaningful, but it does show that what’s really bad about children dying is the suffering that results. Not the death of the child.
Given this I find it hard that hedonistic utilitarianism isn't more accepted. Minimization of suffering and maximization of happiness should be the basic goal of all people. Good and bad emotions are the only things that are, in of themselves good and bad.
The reason, I think, that something as obvious as utilitarianism is not more accepted, is because human morals aren’t bound by what is going to actually help us as a society. Not just that, anyways. I think humans care about things like whether or not the person was “involved” in the trolley accident. The reason most people flip the switch to divert the trolley into 5 people instead of 3 but refuse to push the fat man onto the tracks to stop it wholesale is because the fat man is an onlooker. He’s not “involved”. Humans care more about people that didn’t get themselves into situations where they would be tied onto train tracks. They’d rather get rid of the “bad” humans than the “good” ones. Not only do I think this is faulty reasoning, I find it disgusting as well.
Note: I have to answer you guys from my phone and I cannot type as quickly as I’d like, so I will be answering fewer comments until I reach my home desktop computer.
Edit: I'm going to be back in an hour, something came up, I made some quick replies. | 39 | > Minimization of suffering and maximization of happiness should be the basic goal of all people. Good and bad emotions are the only things that are, in of themselves good and bad.
This isn't well-defined though. Minimizing suffering and maximizing happiness can be in conflict. Consider the following scenarios:
Scenario A: 10,000 really happy people
Scenario B: 20,000 really happy people and 50,000 content people
Scenario C: 50,000 really happy people, and 100,000 desperately miserable people
Is B preferable to A because there is more happiness, even if the average happiness is lower? Is C preferable to B because there is more happiness, even if there is more suffering?
If there's no logical order of preference to those scenarios, the goal is impossible. | 21 |
ELI5: Why are rocket exhaust ports increasing in diameter, while jet engine exhaust ports are decreasing? | 159 | Wasn't going to answer, but a lot of these answers are missing the main point.
​
The point of an an engine is to shoot gas out the back as fast as possible. The faster the gas goes, the more thrust per mass you get.
​
For gas flows below the speed of sound, increasing the pressure makes them faster. All nozzles, jet or rocket, will include a section that decreases in size. This accelerates the gas until it reaches the speed of sound, and for most jet engines that's all that we do.
​
However, rocket engines really need more thrust per mass of gas expelled, because every gram of gas expelled takes up space in a very limited fuel tank, so they accelerate the gasses even more, using what is called a de Laval nozzle (converging-diverging).
​
For supersonic flows, the effect of pressure changes. Now, low pressures make the gas go faster, so we expand the gas as much as possible as soon as our flow reaches the "throat", where the gas flow reaches the speed of sound.
​
Of course, we can't expand the gas until it has lower pressure than the atmosphere, because then the atmosphere kind of pushes back into the nozzle, and we can get some really weird shockwave-type effects. But that's talk for another day. | 167 |
|
This is a really dumb question, and by "dumb" I mean "why would you even want to know the answer," but are there 32 bit integer values whose bit pattern matches the floating point conversion of that integer? | Again, really useless, but I'm more just curious of methods to find out. The easiest way I could think of is to step through integers starting at 1, convert to a single float, and compare the bit patterns. If they aren't equal, then increment. But there's got to be cleverer ways of finding out, right? | 57 | Yes : zero
There's another, kind of : 1318926965
If you convert that to a float, then it has the same bits but has a different value : 1318926976
To answer your question : doing this by brute force took about 1 second.
#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#include <chrono>
#include <format>
int main()
{
auto start = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
for(int64_t count=0; count <= std::numeric_limits<int>::max(); count++)
{
int i = static_cast<int>(count);
float f = static_cast<float>(count);
if(memcmp(&i,&f,sizeof(int))==0)
{
std::cout << std::format("{:10} = {:10f} = {:b} \n",i,f,i) ;
}
}
auto end = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();
std::cout << std::format("Elapsed = {}\n",std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::milliseconds>(end-start));
}
C:\bin\scratch2\x64\Release>scratch2.exe
0 = 0.000000 = 0
1318926965 = 1318926976.000000 = 1001110100111010011101001110101
Elapsed = 1147ms | 42 |
ELI5:how is blood transfusion biologically possible? | i don't know if i am being too stupid right now, but this question used to scratch my head for years. well, as i know due to my school-level biology knowledge, DNA's literally everywhere in one's organism; thus in a blood too.
what i can't get is the fact that blood transfusion is very viral and common in medicine nowadays; when one gets another human's blood, it's logical he gets different dna too. and what does happen then? are these two kinds of dna mixed together? how one can have dna different from his own and original one (and especially both his own and transfused ones?).
shouldn't new blood change a person due to the fact he has new dna? | 15 | Actually, red blood cells, RBC for short, mature, their nucleus and its DNA shrinks and disappears. This allows that concave shape that they appear to have, which fills with oxygen/CO2. Only mature cells have no DNA or nucleus.
The thing that gets tricky is the antigens and antibodies associated with the blood types. For example, if you have Type O blood, you hold no antigens (acceptable types of blood) to types A/B/AB, so your body will attack them because your body holds antibodies to these. (Keep in mind type O is recessive and considered harmless to the other types of blood)
Say you have Type A, you hold antigens to type A, meaning it's an acceptable type, but to O as well, since it's the recessive blood type. You have antibodies to B. The same way if you hold type B blood, just the opposite to A. If you have AB blood, you hold antigens for A, B, and AB (And O because O has no antigens since it's recessive and harmless)
As for the negative and positive, this is based off the plasma of the blood, being negative or positive.
If the wrong blood is placed into the body, it causes an immune system attack, and you will most likely die.
Source: school for hematology. | 16 |
ELI5: Why do we get "the bends" when we climb down a mountain too fast but, we can jump out of a plane thousands of feet in the air and land in a matter of minutes without negative effects? | 16 | It's actually in the other direction, going from high pressure to low, that causes the problems.
People who skydive must wait 24 hours after going scuba diving, due to the risks created by blood gases that have not had enough time to return to "sea level" concentrations.
(and it's not the skydive that causes the problem, it's the ascent to 14,000 or so feet in an unpressurized aircraft...) | 11 |
|
CMV:Most rich people became that way by some combination of intimidation, extortion, stealing, cheating, lying and immoral actions that are technically legal. | First of all, this is not a scientific statement, I have not researched the data in full. I'm just intellectually curious and happen to work in the law, finance and real estate sector. I sort of lead somewhat of a double life in the sense of working in an industry that I believe condones/sanctions unethical behavior. These are my observations.
Now there are definitely exceptions. There are certainly people who have invented and innovated. Many of the top CEOs like Steve Jobs, Zuckerberg, and Bill Gates meet this criteria.
I'm referring to the random rich person who hasn't launched anything innovative or registered any successful patent. The insurance salesman, casino owner, serial bankruptcy declarer, banker, etc....
So "success" is often interchangeable with unethical behavior.
The ethical insurance salesman won't make as much as the salesman who rips off old ladies with dementia.
The ethical lawyer will not make as much the lawyer who uses trickery and loopholes to advance the case.
The ethical dentist will not make as much as the dentist who tells everyone they have cavities by default.
Regulation and laws can only curb this type of behavior to a certain extent. Taking advantage of vulnerable people for example, is not de facto illegal.
There needs to be a "social contract" for this behavior to cease. For example, there needs to be an understanding that the elderly population is not fair game for scams and aggressive salesmanship.
These successes subsequently appear on magazines, interviews and documentaries as people to emulate ( mainly do to the fact that people don't usually scrutinize how the money was actually made). So the young generation strives for this "success" and we get the kind of society we have today.
This leads to a chain reaction in which ethical people are often deemed failures in the eyes of society due to having lower net worth and power.
tl;dr - society is structured in a way that rewards unethical behavior
_____
> *This is a footnote from the CMV moderators. We'd like to remind you of a couple of things. Firstly, please* ***[read through our rules](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/rules)***. *If you see a comment that has broken one, it is more effective to report it than downvote it. Speaking of which,* ***[downvotes don't change views](http://www.reddit.com/r/changemyview/wiki/guidelines#wiki_upvoting.2Fdownvoting)****! Any questions or concerns? Feel free to* ***[message us](http://www.reddit.com/message/compose?to=/r/changemyview)***. *Happy CMVing!* | 26 | What about those who became rich of of patents?
Or shorting stocks just before 2008?
Or joining a start up that does well early?
Or investing wisely?
Or getting lucky?
All of these are common ways of getting rich and none of them are illegal.
Do you think that those methods are not common? and if you don't think they are could you elaborate why? because they are extremely common. | 30 |
ELI5: Why is it that paper cups get mushy and starts to fall apart within an hour when holding cold fluids, but are perfectly okay with holding hot fluids like coffee indefinetly? | The Starbucks I go to ran out of cold cups for my ice coffee. They put in a hot cup instead. In a matter of a car ride, it almost fell apart as I picked it up. This never happens with my hot coffee?
Edit: i get it, I get it. It sounds like my coffee is hot indefinetly. | 4,526 | Paper cups are coated with a waterproof layer on the inside, but not on the outside. When they contain hot drinks, the liquid is touching this impermeable barrier, so doesn't get the paper wet. However, a cold drink cools its container, making water vapour from the atmosphere condense on the outside - that's why your ice water glass "sweats" on a hot day: the water forming on the outside is not seeping through the glass, but rather condensing out of the air, just like when you breathe on a mirror and it fogs up.
However, the paper cup only has a waterproof barrier on the inside. This condensation on the outside of the cup can soak into the paper and make it go soggy. | 5,815 |
[Fallout/Elderscrolls] What's a sweet toll taste like? | Can someone tell some of the ingredients so I can eat and gain its power to fight this dragon? | 29 | 1 x Salt Pile
1 x Jug of Milk
1 x Sack of Flour
1 x Butter
1 x Chicken's Egg
Judging by the ingredients, Nords had a pretty limited idea on what was "sweet". They are a hardy people, but not particularly blessed in the kitchen. | 32 |
ELI5: is autism more prevalant these days or has our awareness & diagnosis increased? | If it IS more prevalant, why? | 43 | "Autism" encompasses a much larger spectrum than it used to. Decades ago, many people with high functioning forms of autism would've just been brushed off as weird or awkward. We now know a lot more about autism and can assign it accurately to more people. At the same time, it is misdiagnosed more often because it does encompass so much more now. | 35 |
CMV: The actions of “Bernie Bros” who did not vote for Hillary in the general elections are justified (from the perspective of someone who wanted Hillary to win) | Broadly, I think that so called Bernie bros who didn’t vote for Hillary were justified for one reason, and one reason only: by voting for her they are essentially say that they will vote for whoever the nominee is regardless of actual policy. The fact of the matter is that the Democratic Party hasn’t seen a more polar primary in a long time, if ever, and if people on the outside of the American “liberal” spectrum show up to vote for someone who doesn’t represent their politics, the the Democratic Party has no reason to run more liberal candidates that are committed to real reform.
I genuinely would like to be convinced against this, especially as someone who acknowledges how much damage is being done to the country by trump. | 15 | >and if people on the outside of the American “liberal” spectrum show up to vote for someone who doesn’t represent their politics, the the Democratic Party has no reason to run more liberal candidates that are committed to real reform.
Hillary Clinton *did* represent their politics though. They just refused to acknowledge it.
Her background included:
In the Senate, Hillary Clinton supported increasing the minimum wage and voted repeatedly to protect and increase it. She was an original cosponsor of the Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007, and authored the 2006 and 2007 Standing with Minimum Wage Act to tie Congressional salary increases to an increase in the minimum wage. As a Senator, Hillary Clinton supported progressive tax policies and opposed the Bush tax cuts in 2001 and 2003, and she supported a variety of middle-class tax cuts, including tax credits for student loan recipients, and keeping in place the tax cuts for those who make under $250,000 a year. Clinton has said “that inherited wealth and concentrated wealth is not good for America,” and she has consistently voted against repealing the estate tax on millionaires, doing so in 2001, 2002, and 2006. In the Senate, she was a bipartisan leader on fighting to extend emergency unemployment benefits. Her first job out of law school was for the newly-formed Children’s Defense Fund, an organization she would later chair. Hillary Clinton has worked to increase health coverage for millions of children in low-income and working families through the State Children’s Health Insurance Program, a program she helped created as First Lady. In the Senate, Hillary Clinton looked for ways to strengthen the program, introducing bills to allow states to expand it. Hillary Clinton has worked to expand access to early childhood education for children of lower-income families. As First Lady of Arkansas, Hillary Clinton introduced her husband to the HIPPY program, which expanded early childhood education to economically disadvantaged children. In the Senate, Clinton partnered with Kit Bond in an effort to expand voluntary full-day pre-K for children from low-income families. Today, as part of the Too Small to Fail Initiative to improve the health and well-being of children five and under, Hillary Clinton is working to close the “word gap” for kids in low-income families who often have smaller vocabularies than their classmates.
Her platform included:
* Paid parental leave
* Universal pre-school
* No student debt from public universities
* No family will have to pay more than 10% of their income for child care
* Comprehensive immigration reform, protection for DREAMers
* Liberal SCOTUS appointment
* Universal voter registration, restoration of voting rights for felons that have served their time
* Implicit bias and deescalation training for every police force in the nation
* Affordable healthcare and the expansion of Obamacare
* Green energy funding and staying in the Paris climate agreement, work on climate change
* Infrastructure funding and the creation of new jobs
* Expansion of internet throughout in the US, support of net neutrality
What about that goes against the "Bernie Bro"s politics?
That's why they got the nick name "Bernie Bro" in the first place. Because they were whining like a bunch of immature children that just because they didn't get their way and their preferred candidate didn't win, they decided to throw a temper tantrum and not vote in the general at all, even when the other candidate was just as good and actually *did* represent their policies. The fact that she was a woman and these were mostly men who were refusing to see the good in her and see how she aligns with their views and were stubbornly insisting on only seeing bad in her instead suggested that sexism might be coloring their views. That's how they got their nick name.
-----------
Further, when liberal candidates don't win, that doesn't tell the Democratic party to move *more* liberal. That tells them that they need to move more *center* to pick up votes from people in the middle. When far left voters tell the Democratic party that they can't be relied upon to vote in the general election, the Democratic party isn't going to cater to them - instead the Democratic party is going to turn to the middle and try to cater to the middle instead.
And so far left people end up causing the country to move farther center and right instead of left by their failed attempts to move the country left by abandoning the Democratic party.
2016 wasn't the first time. It happened before in 2000. When it was Gore versus Bush, not enough turned out for Gore, and what did we get?
* Iraq War
* Afghan War
* Fake WMD intel
* Torture
* Warrantless wiretapping
* Extraordinary rendition
* "Embedded" journalism
* Abu Gahrib
* black-site prisons
* Guantanamo
* 8 million people lost their jobs
* 9 million homes went into foreclosure
* U.S. household net worth fell by about $16 trillion
* No action at all on climate change
* FEMA sitting on its hands while citizens die of thirst on the streets of New Orleans
* Alberto Gonzales
* Karl Rove
* Dick Cheney
* Justice Alito -- which resulted in a conservative leaning SCOTUS which resulted in:
* The Citizens United decision allowing nearly unlimited amounts of money into the political process.
* Key provisions of the Voting Rights Act were stripped down allowing the disenfranchisement of millions of voters.
* A key part of Obamacare which would have expanded Medicaid was struck down.
We got the exact opposite of what far left people wanted. We moved the country father right, and now we have more ground to cover and more work to do just to get back to the left center, much less to move farther left.
We have to build good (left) upon good (left) upon good (left) to make progress. Incremental progress IS progress, and it's the only way to make progress in this country. "Bernie Bros" want it all right now - all or nothing - and settle for nothing when they can't get every single thing they want all in one fell swoop. It's a stupid strategy that doesn't work and that hurts the whole country.
| 21 |
ELI5: How did humans in Asia evolve to have narrower eyes, why did Africans skin stay black while Arabic and European peoples became lighter? | No offense meant, just phrasing the question as best I can as to how some humans evolved with certain traits and how the process occurred. | 202 | If you live in the tropics, dark skin is a helpful adaptation, because it protects your skin from sunlight (fewer sun burns and cancers).
If you live in the northern latitudes where there is significantly less sun certain times of the year, light skin is a helpful adaptation, because it allows more sunlight to penetrate the dermis, thereby creating more vitamin D.
The primary characteristic of east Asian eyes is called the *epicanthic fold*, and we believe it may have evolved to protect the eye from harsh winds, but the jury is still out on that one. | 139 |
ELI5 : Why aren't we hibernating in winter like most of other mammals ? | 74 | Humans evolved in a tropical part of Africa, and are adapted for existing in that sort of environment. We can adapt ourselves to live in colder environments, but have to provide shelter and clothing to survive there. You can live naked in the jungle with very few tools--ask any of the tribes all around the world who pretty much live that way. For the same reason, we're never going to be able to hibernate, we simply did not evolve that way. | 80 |
|
ELI5: Would we eventually run out of space on the "cloud" to store data? | If I'm understanding this correctly, the cloud is effectively servers that are running in data centers... But as more and more people are storing things in these data centers and that we have to build more, would we eventually run out of places to store them? | 26 | Not until we run out of bigger and bigger and more hard drives, servers and data centers to store them in.
As storage tech gets better, we retire older, power hungry inefficient storage drives and move all our data over to newer bigger faster small devices. So yes, even though the volume of data that that generate every day is not only constant but increasing, our capacity to store it all is catching up. Eventually we'll come up with cool crystalline storage cubes where individual molecules are reoriented to reflect bit status and we can pack the entire known internet (like as of today) into a bowling ball or something.
But yeah, if storage and server tech wasn't also continually increasing and improving, we'd "fill" all of the existing cloud storage and server capacity probably in a matter of months. | 29 |
Is it illegal to be Sith or was it just frowned upon by the galaxy | 74 | It's not illegal to be a sith, but it is illegal to do many of the things that Sith often do, such as murder people.
It's important to remember that the vast majority of the galaxy are very unclear on the whole Sith/Jedi distinction, conflicts between them are often seen as civil wars between Jedi. | 89 |
|
ELI5: why do people go bald on their heads, but not their faces? | Every bald person has a beard....why does the face not go bald as well? | 20 | Baldness, if we're talking the typical male-pattern-baldness you seem to be addressing here and not fringe/rare cases, is caused by the hair follicles found on the scalp reacting to androgens in the body.
Other body hair does not have this reactivity to the particular androgen, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), that the scalp follicles do... which is why you see completely bald men who have huge beards, hairy arms, hairy chests, etc. None of their non-scalp hair is in danger of falling out because of sensitivity to androgens. | 14 |
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