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Context: While the distribution of Somalis per country in Europe is hard to measure because the Somali community on the continent has grown so quickly in recent years, an official 2010 estimate reported 108,000 Somalis living in the United Kingdom. Somalis in Britain are largely concentrated in the cities of London, Sheffield, Bristol, Birmingham, Cardiff, Liverpool, Manchester, Leeds, and Leicester, with London alone accounting for roughly 78% of Britain's Somali population. There are also significant Somali communities in Sweden: 57,906 (2014); the Netherlands: 37,432 (2014); Norway: 38,413 (2015); Denmark: 18,645 (2014); and Finland: 16,721 (2014). Question: About how many Somalis live in the UK? Answer: 108,000 Question: What percentage of Somalis living in Britain reside in London? Answer: 78% Question: As of 2014, how many Somalis lived in Sweden? Answer: 57,906 Question: In 2014, how many Somalis resided in Norway? Answer: 38,413 Question: How many Somalis lived in Finland as of 2014? Answer: 16,721
Context: In the 13th century mendicant orders—the Franciscans and the Dominicans—who swore vows of poverty and earned their living by begging, were approved by the papacy. Religious groups such as the Waldensians and the Humiliati also attempted to return to the life of early Christianity in the middle 12th and early 13th centuries, but they were condemned as heretical by the papacy. Others joined the Cathars, another heretical movement condemned by the papacy. In 1209, a crusade was preached against the Cathars, the Albigensian Crusade, which in combination with the medieval Inquisition, eliminated them. Question: Along with the Dominicans, what mendicant order was founded in the 13th century? Answer: Franciscans Question: What notable vow was sworn by the mendicant orders? Answer: poverty Question: How did the mendicant orders make a living? Answer: begging Question: What was the crusade against the Cathars called? Answer: the Albigensian Crusade Question: Along with the Cathars and Humiliati, what group was notably condemned as heretics in this period? Answer: the Waldensians
Context: One mustn't overlook the doctrines of Galen: In use from his life in the 1st century AD until the 17th century, it was heresy to disagree with him for 1500 years. Galen was physician to gladiators in Pergamon, and in Rome, physician to Marcus Aurelius and the three emperors who succeeded him. Most of Galen's teachings were gathered and enhanced in the late 11th century by Benedictine monks at the School of Salerno in Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum, which still had users in the 17th century. Galen believed in the bodily humours of Hippocrates, and he taught that pneuma is the source of life. Four elements (earth, air, fire and water) combine into "complexion", which combines into states (the four temperaments: sanguine, phlegmatic, choleric, and melancholic). The states are made up of pairs of attributes (hot and moist, cold and moist, hot and dry, and cold and dry), which are made of four humours: blood, phlegm, green (or yellow) bile, and black bile (the bodily form of the elements). Galen thought that for a person to have gout, kidney stones, or arthritis was scandalous, which Gratzer likens to Samuel Butler's Erehwon (1872) where sickness is a crime. Question: How long was the doctrines of Galen in use for? Answer: 1500 years Question: Which famous emperor did Galen serve as a physician to? Answer: Marcus Aurelius Question: Who resided at the School of Salerno in Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum? Answer: Benedictine monks Question: What did Galen believe that pneuma was? Answer: the source of life Question: What did each pair of attributes supposedly consist of? Answer: four humours
Context: The exodus of Salvadorans was a result of both economic and political problems. The largest immigration wave occurred as a result of the Salvadoran Civil War in the 1980s, in which 20–30% of El Salvador's population emigrated. About 50%, or up to 500,000 of those who escaped headed to the United States, which was already home to over 10,000 Salvadorans, making Salvadorans Americans the fourth-largest Hispanic and Latino American group, after the Mexican-American majority, stateside Puerto Ricans, and Cubans. Question: Why did Salvadorans come to America? Answer: The exodus of Salvadorans was a result of both economic and political problems. Question: When did Salvadorans come to America? Answer: The largest immigration wave occurred as a result of the Salvadoran Civil War in the 1980s Question: How many Salvadorans immigrated? Answer: 20–30% of El Salvador's population emigrated. About 50%, or up to 500,000 of those who escaped headed to the United States, Question: What is the population of Salvadorans living in America? Answer: United States, which was already home to over 10,000 Salvadorans, making Salvadorans Americans the fourth-largest Hispanic and Latino American group Question: Where do Salvadorans fall on the scale for Hispanic living in America? Answer: Salvadorans Americans the fourth-largest Hispanic and Latino American group, after the Mexican-American majority, stateside Puerto Ricans, and Cubans. Question: Why did Salvadorans begin an exodus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What caused the largest immigration of Salvadorans? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Salvadorans came to the US? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did the Salvadorans come to the US? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What's the fourth-largest Hispanic-Latino American group? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did Slavadorians come to Mexico? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Salvadorians come to Mexico? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the population of Salvadorans living in Mexico? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the are the fifth-largest Hispanic and Latino American group? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many of El Salvador's population escaped to Mexico? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: "Old Style" (OS) and "New Style" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some confusion as to what these terms mean. They can indicate that the start of the Julian year has been adjusted to start on 1 January (NS) even though contemporary documents use a different start of year (OS); or to indicate that a date conforms to the Julian calendar (OS), formerly in use in many countries, rather than the Gregorian calendar (NS). Question: What designation was added to British dates to differentiate them from countries not using the new calendar? Answer: "Old Style" (OS) and "New Style" Question: When was the Calendar act enacted? Answer: 1750 Question: With what did the Calendar Act align the British calendar? Answer: Gregorian calendar Question: What did the use of Old Style and New Style cause? Answer: confusion Question: What law did the British make to cause the use of the Gregorian calendar? Answer: Calendar Act of 1750 Question: Why are old-style new style not using the British Empire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the calendar after 1752 to clarify the meaning of old-style new style? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the calendar act aligned with the British calendar? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What this OS indicate January 1 is? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Ethnocentrism, tribalism, religious persecution, and prebendalism have affected Nigerian politics both prior and subsequent to independence in 1960. Kin-selective altruism has made its way into Nigerian politics, resulting in tribalist efforts to concentrate Federal power to a particular region of their interests. Nationalism has also led to active secessionist movements such as MASSOB, Nationalist movements such as Oodua Peoples Congress, Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta and a civil war. Nigeria's three largest ethnic groups (Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba) have maintained historical preeminence in Nigerian politics; competition amongst these three groups has fuelled corruption and graft. Question: What are Nigeria's 3 biggest ethnic groups? Answer: Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba Question: When did Nigeria get independence? Answer: 1960 Question: What major secession movement has Nigeria had? Answer: MASSOB Question: What major nationalist movement has Nigeria had? Answer: Oodua Peoples Congress
Context: In Latin, papyri from Herculaneum dating before 79 AD (when it was destroyed) have been found that have been written in old Roman cursive, where the early forms of minuscule letters "d", "h" and "r", for example, can already be recognised. According to papyrologist Knut Kleve, "The theory, then, that the lower-case letters have been developed from the fifth century uncials and the ninth century Carolingian minuscules seems to be wrong." Both majuscule and minuscule letters existed, but the difference between the two variants was initially stylistic rather than orthographic and the writing system was still basically unicameral: a given handwritten document could use either one style or the other but these were not mixed. European languages, except for Ancient Greek and Latin, did not make the case distinction before about 1300.[citation needed] Question: Papyri from Herculaneum dating before 79 AD have been to to be written in which hand writing? Answer: old Roman cursive Question: Whicy papyrologist theorized lowercase letter actually developed from the fifth century uncials? Answer: Knut Kleve Question: Which continents languages with few exceptions generally did not utilize case distinction until about the year 1300? Answer: Europe Question: What was the initial difference between majuscule and minuscule letters? Answer: stylistic Question: Which type of document was general unicameral because the writer used one type of writing but not another? Answer: handwritten
Context: The Feinberg School of Medicine (previously the Northwestern University Medical School) has produced a number of notable graduates, including Mary Harris Thompson, Class of 1870, ad eundem, first female surgeon in Chicago, first female surgeon at Cook County Hospital, and founder of the Mary Thomson Hospital, Roswell Park, Class of 1876, prominent surgeon for whom the Roswell Park Cancer Institute in Buffalo, New York, is named, Daniel Hale Williams, Class of 1883, performed the first successful American open heart surgery; only black charter member of the American College of Surgeons, Charles Horace Mayo, Class of 1888, co-founder of Mayo Clinic, Carlos Montezuma, Class of 1889, one of the first Native Americans to receive a Doctor of Medicine degree from any school, and founder of the Society of American Indians, Howard T. Ricketts, Class of 1897, who discovered bacteria of the genus Rickettsia, and identified the cause and methods of transmission of rocky mountain spotted fever, Allen B. Kanavel, Class of 1899, founder, regent, and president of the American College of Surgeons, internationally recognized as founder of modern hand and peripheral nerve surgery, Robert F. Furchgott, Class of 1940, received a Lasker Award in 1996 and the 1998 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his co-discovery of nitric oxide, Thomas E. Starzl, Class of 1952, performed the first successful liver transplant in 1967 and received the National Medal of Science in 2004 and a Lasker Award in 2012, Joseph P. Kerwin, first physician in space, flew on three skylab missions and later served as director of Space and Life Sciences at NASA, C. Richard Schlegel, Class of 1972, developed the dominant patent for a vaccine against human papillomavirus (administered as Gardasil) to prevent cervical cancer, David J. Skorton, Class of 1974, a noted cardiologist became president of Cornell University in 2006, and Andrew E. Senyei, Class of 1979, inventor, venture capitalist, and entrepreneur, founder of biotech and genetics companies, and a university trustee. Question: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine was the Roswell Park Cancer Institute named after? Answer: Mary Harris Thompson Question: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine performed the first successful American open heart surgery? Answer: Daniel Hale Williams Question: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine co-founded the Mayo Clinic? Answer: Charles Horace Mayo Question: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine founded the American College of Surgeons? Answer: Allen B. Kanavel Question: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine was the first physician in space? Answer: Joseph P. Kerwin Question: Which graduate was the Roswell UFO named after? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine performed the first successful African open heart surgery? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which graduate rejected the Mayo Clinic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine founded the African College of Surgeons? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which graduate of The Feinburg School of Medicine was the last physician in space? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The relationships above are valid for only a few percent change of voltage around rated conditions, but they do indicate that a lamp operated at much lower than rated voltage could last for hundreds of times longer than at rated conditions, albeit with greatly reduced light output. The "Centennial Light" is a light bulb that is accepted by the Guinness Book of World Records as having been burning almost continuously at a fire station in Livermore, California, since 1901. However, the bulb emits the equivalent light of a four watt bulb. A similar story can be told of a 40-watt bulb in Texas that has been illuminated since 21 September 1908. It once resided in an opera house where notable celebrities stopped to take in its glow, and was moved to an area museum in 1977. Question: When did the "Centennial Light" begin burning? Answer: 1901 Question: How much light does the bulb emit? Answer: the equivalent light of a four watt bulb Question: When did the long-lasting bulb in Texas begin continuing illumination? Answer: 21 September 1908 Question: Where did the Texas bulb begin its life? Answer: an opera house Question: What was not accepted by the Guinness Book of World Records? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What started burning in 1801? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was burning almost continuously at a fire station in Claremont, California? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did the long-lasting bulb in New York begin continuing illumination? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was moved to an area art gallery in 1977? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Eritrea (/ˌɛrᵻˈtreɪ.ə/ or /ˌɛrᵻˈtriːə/;, officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in East Africa. With its capital at Asmara, it is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The northeastern and eastern parts of Eritrea have an extensive coastline along the Red Sea. The nation has a total area of approximately 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi), and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands. Its name Eritrea is based on the Greek name for the Red Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα Erythra Thalassa), which was first adopted for Italian Eritrea in 1890. Question: What country borders Eritrea in the west? Answer: Sudan Question: What country borders Eritrea in the south? Answer: Ethiopia Question: What country borders Eritrea in the southeast? Answer: Djibouti Question: What extensive coastline makes up a portion of Eritrea's East border? Answer: Red Sea Question: What is the total area of the nation of Eritrea? Answer: 117,600 km2 (45,406 sq mi) Question: What is the total area of Ethiopia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the total area of Djibouti? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of one of the Hanish Islands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Eritrea founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the total area of the Red Sea? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Being a city on the Ill and close to the Rhine, Strasbourg has always been an important centre of fluvial navigation, as is attested by archeological findings. In 1682 the Canal de la Bruche was added to the river navigations, initially to provide transport for sandstone from quarries in the Vosges for use in the fortification of the city. That canal has since closed, but the subsequent Canal du Rhone au Rhine, Canal de la Marne au Rhin and Grand Canal d'Alsace are still in use, as is the important activity of the Port autonome de Strasbourg. Water tourism inside the city proper attracts hundreds of thousands of tourists yearly. Question: What year was the Canal de la Bruche added? Answer: 1682 Question: What kind of tourism attracts tourists yearly? Answer: Water tourism Question: What river is Strasbourg by? Answer: Rhine Question: In what year was the Canal de la Bruche closed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the Canal du Rhone au Rhine opened? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which is newer, the Canal de la Marne au Rhin or the Grand Canal d'Alsace? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which canal attracts the most tourists? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which canal attracts the fewest tourists? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A number of players may be replaced by substitutes during the course of the game. The maximum number of substitutions permitted in most competitive international and domestic league games is three, though the permitted number may vary in other competitions or in friendly matches. Common reasons for a substitution include injury, tiredness, ineffectiveness, a tactical switch, or timewasting at the end of a finely poised game. In standard adult matches, a player who has been substituted may not take further part in a match. IFAB recommends "that a match should not continue if there are fewer than seven players in either team." Any decision regarding points awarded for abandoned games is left to the individual football associations. Question: What is one who replaces a player during a game called? Answer: substitutes Question: What is the maximum number of substitutions during most professional games? Answer: three Question: Who decides on who's rewarded points for abandoned games? Answer: individual football associations Question: What is one who injures a player during a game called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the minimum number of substitutions during most professional games? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who decides on who's rewarded points for completed games? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who can not be replaced during the course of the game? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Paris was in its artistic prime in the 19th century and early 20th century, when it had a colony of artists established in the city and in art schools associated with some of the finest painters of the times: Manet, Monet, Berthe Morisot, Gauguin, Renoir and others. The French Revolution and political and social change in France had a profound influence on art in the capital. Paris was central to the development of Romanticism in art, with painters such as Gericault. Impressionism, Art Nouveau, Symbolism, Fauvism Cubism and Art Deco movements all evolved in Paris. In the late 19th century, many artists in the French provinces and worldwide flocked to Paris to exhibit their works in the numerous salons and expositions and make a name for themselves. Artists such as Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne, Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Henri Rousseau, Marc Chagall, Amedeo Modigliani and many others became associated with Paris. Picasso, living in Montmartre, painted his famous La Famille de Saltimbanques and Les Demoiselles d'Avignon between 1905 and 1907. Montmartre and Montparnasse became centres for artistic production. Question: What type of art did Paris help develop with painters like Gericault? Answer: Romanticism Question: In what town did Picasso live? Answer: Montmartre Question: What two towns were pinnacle for artistic production? Answer: Montmartre and Montparnasse Question: Between what two years did Picasso paint La Famille de Saltimbanques and Les Demoiselles d'Avignon? Answer: 1905 and 1907
Context: During the 1960s and 1970s, the city gained a reputation as an important center for liberal politics. Ann Arbor also became a locus for left-wing activism and served as a hub for the civil-rights movement and anti-Vietnam War movement, as well as the student movement. The first major meetings of the national left-wing campus group Students for a Democratic Society took place in Ann Arbor in 1960; in 1965, the city was home to the first U.S. teach-in against the Vietnam War. During the ensuing 15 years, many countercultural and New Left enterprises sprang up and developed large constituencies within the city. These influences washed into municipal politics during the early and mid-1970s when three members of the Human Rights Party (HRP) won city council seats on the strength of the student vote. During their time on the council, HRP representatives fought for measures including pioneering antidiscrimination ordinances, measures decriminalizing marijuana possession, and a rent-control ordinance; many of these remain in effect in modified form. Alongside these liberal and left-wing efforts, a small group of conservative institutions were born in Ann Arbor. These include Word of God (established in 1967), a charismatic inter-denominational movement; and the Thomas More Law Center (established in 1999), a religious-conservative advocacy group. Question: When was the Thomas More Law center established? Answer: 1999 Question: What was the Thomas More law group? Answer: a religious-conservative advocacy group Question: During the early & mid 70's, which party won the city council seats? Answer: Human Rights Party Question: Ann Arbor was a hub for supporting what War? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In 1956, Ann Arbor was home to the first U.S. teach-in against what war? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In 1976 what religious group was founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what decades was Ann Arbor an important center for conservative politics? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Japanese enlarged administration and appointed local leaders, which weakened the authority of local traditional leaders. Japan also tried to change the social organization in the islands from Matrilineality to the Japanese Patriarchal system, but with no success. Moreover, during the 1930s, one third of all land up to the high water level was declared the property of the Japanese government. On the archipelago, before it banned foreign traders, the activities of Catholic and Protestant missionaries were allowed. Indigenous people were educated in Japanese schools, and studied Japanese language and Japanese culture. This policy was the government strategy not only in the Marshall Islands, but on all the other mandated territories in Micronesia. On March 27, 1933, Japan handed in its notice at the League of Nations, but continued to manage the islands, and in the late 1930s began building air bases on several atolls. The Marshall Islands were in an important geographical position, being the easternmost point in Japan's defensive ring at the beginning of World War II. Question: What was the traditional social organization of the Marshall Islanders? Answer: Matrilineality Question: What system of social organization was used in Japan? Answer: the Japanese Patriarchal system Question: On what date did the Japanese leave the League of Nations? Answer: March 27, 1933 Question: What language were Marshall Islanders taught in schools while under Japanese colonial administration? Answer: Japanese Question: Along with Protestants, missionaries from what denomination were allowed to operate in the Marshalls? Answer: Catholic
Context: After several weeks of rumors, which started around January 11, 2013, Dell announced on February 5, 2013 that it had struck a $24.4 billion leveraged buyout deal, that would have delisted its shares from the NASDAQ and Hong Kong Stock Exchange and taken it private. Reuters reported that Michael Dell and Silver Lake Partners, aided by a $2 billion loan from Microsoft, would acquire the public shares at $13.65 apiece. The $24.4 billion buyout was projected to be the largest leveraged buyout backed by private equity since the 2007 financial crisis. It is also the largest technology buyout ever, surpassing the 2006 buyout of Freescale Semiconductor for $17.5 billion. Question: What year did Dell announce its buyout deal? Answer: 2013 Question: What was the value of Dell's buyout deal? Answer: $24.4 billion Question: What was the value of the loan that Dell received from Microsoft? Answer: $2 billion Question: What was the value of the second largest technology buyout? Answer: $17.5 billion Question: What year did IBM announce its buyout deal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the value of Microsoft's buyout deal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the value of the loan that Dell received from IBM? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the value of the third largest technology buyout? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the value of the second smallest technology buyout? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The bipolar transistor was invented in 1947. From 1955 onwards transistors replaced vacuum tubes in computer designs, giving rise to the "second generation" of computers. Compared to vacuum tubes, transistors have many advantages: they are smaller, and require less power than vacuum tubes, so give off less heat. Silicon junction transistors were much more reliable than vacuum tubes and had longer, indefinite, service life. Transistorized computers could contain tens of thousands of binary logic circuits in a relatively compact space. Question: When was the bipolar transistor created? Answer: 1947. Question: When did transistors start replacing vacuum tubes in computers? Answer: 1955
Context: Beyoncé attended St. Mary's Elementary School in Fredericksburg, Texas, where she enrolled in dance classes. Her singing talent was discovered when dance instructor Darlette Johnson began humming a song and she finished it, able to hit the high-pitched notes. Beyoncé's interest in music and performing continued after winning a school talent show at age seven, singing John Lennon's "Imagine" to beat 15/16-year-olds. In fall of 1990, Beyoncé enrolled in Parker Elementary School, a music magnet school in Houston, where she would perform with the school's choir. She also attended the High School for the Performing and Visual Arts and later Alief Elsik High School. Beyoncé was also a member of the choir at St. John's United Methodist Church as a soloist for two years. Question: What town did Beyonce go to school in? Answer: Fredericksburg Question: Who was the first person to notice Beyonce's singing ability? Answer: Darlette Johnson Question: Beyonce moved to which town after she left her first elementary school? Answer: Houston Question: Which of her teachers discovered Beyonce's musical talent? Answer: dance instructor Darlette Johnson Question: I which church was Beyonce a member and soloist in the choir? Answer: St. John's United Methodist Church Question: What type of school was Parker Elementary School? Answer: music magnet school Question: Which song did Beyonce sing to win a competition at age 7? Answer: Imagine Question: What city was Beyoncé's elementary school located in? Answer: Fredericksburg Question: What was the name of Beyoncé's first dance instructor? Answer: Darlette Johnson Question: How old was Beyoncé when she won a school talent show? Answer: seven Question: What choir did Beyoncé sing in for two years? Answer: St. John's United Methodist Church
Context: Theories given for the success of Southerners on Idol have been: more versatility with musical genres, as the Southern U.S. is home to several music genre scenes; not having as many opportunities to break into the pop music business; text-voting due to the South having the highest percentage of cell-phone only households; and the strong heritage of music and singing, which is notable in the Bible Belt, where it is in church that many people get their start in public singing. Others also suggest that the Southern character of these contestants appeal to the South, as well as local pride. According to season five winner Taylor Hicks, who is from the state of Alabama, "People in the South have a lot of pride ... So, they're adamant about supporting the contestants who do well from their state or region." Question: Who won season five of American Idol? Answer: Taylor Hicks Question: What state is Taylor Hicks from? Answer: Alabama Question: Where do people in the Southern United States often begin singing? Answer: church Question: Where do a lot of people get their start in singing in the south? Answer: church Question: Where is Taylor Hicks from? Answer: Alabama
Context: However, the battle was one-sided almost from the beginning. The reasons for this are the subject of continuing study by military strategists and academics. There is general agreement that US technological superiority was a crucial factor but the speed and scale of the Iraqi collapse has also been attributed to poor strategic and tactical leadership and low morale among Iraqi troops, which resulted from a history of incompetent leadership. After devastating initial strikes against Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities on 17 January 1991, coalition forces achieved total air superiority almost immediately. The Iraqi air force was destroyed within a few days, with some planes fleeing to Iran, where they were interned for the duration of the conflict. The overwhelming technological advantages of the US, such as stealth aircraft and infrared sights, quickly turned the air war into a "turkey shoot". The heat signature of any tank which started its engine made an easy target. Air defense radars were quickly destroyed by radar-seeking missiles fired from wild weasel aircraft. Grainy video clips, shot from the nose cameras of missiles as they aimed at impossibly small targets, were a staple of US news coverage and revealed to the world a new kind of war, compared by some to a video game. Over 6 weeks of relentless pounding by planes and helicopters, the Iraqi army was almost completely beaten but did not retreat, under orders from Iraqi President Saddam Hussein, and by the time the ground forces invaded on 24 February, many Iraqi troops quickly surrendered to forces much smaller than their own; in one instance, Iraqi forces attempted to surrender to a television camera crew that was advancing with coalition forces. Question: What is the main reason the US-led coalition won a decisive victory in the Persian Gulf War? Answer: US technological superiority Question: What faults in the Iraqi forces led to their rapid defeat? Answer: poor strategic and tactical leadership and low morale Question: US airstrikes on Iraqi air defenses and command and control facilities began when? Answer: on 17 January 1991 Question: When did US ground forces attack Iraqi positions? Answer: 24 February Question: Who ordered Iraqi forces to hold their ground despite air bombardments? Answer: Iraqi President Saddam Hussein Question: What is the main reason the UK-led coalition won a decisive victory in the Persian Gulf War? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What faults in the Iranian forces led to their rapid defeat? Answer: Unanswerable Question: US airstrikes on Iranian air defenses and command and control facilities began when? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did UK ground forces attack Iraqi positions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who ordered Iranian forces to hold their ground despite air bombardments? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Birds have evolved a variety of mating behaviors, with the peacock tail being perhaps the most famous example of sexual selection and the Fisherian runaway. Commonly occurring sexual dimorphisms such as size and color differences are energetically costly attributes that signal competitive breeding situations. Many types of avian sexual selection have been identified; intersexual selection, also known as female choice; and intrasexual competition, where individuals of the more abundant sex compete with each other for the privilege to mate. Sexually selected traits often evolve to become more pronounced in competitive breeding situations until the trait begins to limit the individual’s fitness. Conflicts between an individual fitness and signaling adaptations ensure that sexually selected ornaments such as plumage coloration and courtship behavior are "honest" traits. Signals must be costly to ensure that only good-quality individuals can present these exaggerated sexual ornaments and behaviors. Question: What is the most famous example of sexual selection? Answer: peacock tail Question: What is intersexual selection also known as? Answer: female choice Question: What is it called when individuals of the more abundant sex compete with each other for the privilege to mate? Answer: intrasexual competition
Context: Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans, the biggest victory against that empire in decades. This battle became a real Crusade against the Muslims, as the peasants were motivated by the Franciscan monk Saint John of Capistrano, who came from Italy predicating Holy War. The effect that it created in that time was one of the main factors that helped in achieving the victory. However the premature death of the Hungarian Lord left Pannonia defenseless and in chaos. In an extremely unusual event for the Middle Ages, Hunyadi's son, Matthias, was elected as King of Hungary by the nobility. For the first time, a member of an aristocratic family (and not from a royal family) was crowned. Question: Which Franciscan monk motivated the peasants to fight against Muslims at the Siege of Belgrade? Answer: Saint John of Capistrano Question: In what year was the Siege of Belgrade fought? Answer: 1456 Question: Who did the Hungarian nobility elect as King of Hungary? Answer: Matthias Question: Which country did Saint Francis of Capistrano come from? Answer: Italy Question: When John Hunyadi died, which province was left in chaos? Answer: Pannonia Question: Which Franciscan monk motivated the peasants to fight for Muslims at the Siege of Belgrade? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year wasn't the Siege of Belgrade fought? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who didn't the Hungarian nobility elect as King of Hungary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which country didn't Saint Francis of Capistrano come from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When John Hunyadi died, which province was left in peace? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: From 1966, Witness publications and convention talks built anticipation of the possibility that Christ's thousand-year reign might begin in late 1975 or shortly thereafter. The number of baptisms increased significantly, from about 59,000 in 1966 to more than 297,000 in 1974. By 1975, the number of active members exceeded two million. Membership declined during the late 1970s after expectations for 1975 were proved wrong. Watch Tower Society literature did not state dogmatically that 1975 would definitely mark the end, but in 1980 the Watch Tower Society admitted its responsibility in building up hope regarding that year. Question: From 1966, what did Witness publications and conventions think would happen in late 1975? Answer: Christ's thousand-year reign Question: How many baptisms were there in 1974? Answer: more than 297,000 Question: How many active members were there in 1975? Answer: two million Question: Why did membership decline in the late 1970s? Answer: after expectations for 1975 were proved wrong Question: What did the Watch Tower Society admit in 1980? Answer: its responsibility in building up hope Question: In what year did Witnesses decide to put off Armageddon until late 1975 instead of their earlier year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Witnesses were baptized in 1975? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Witnesses were there in the United States in 1966? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was one of the major changes that occurred in 1975? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Witnesses were there in 1980? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Originally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart on the right. The characters encoded are numbers 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, basic punctuation symbols, control codes that originated with Teletype machines, and a space. For example, lowercase j would become binary 1101010 and decimal 106. ASCII includes definitions for 128 characters: 33 are non-printing control characters (many now obsolete) that affect how text and space are processed and 95 printable characters, including the space (which is considered an invisible graphic:223). Question: What is the ASCII based on? Answer: English alphabet Question: How many specific characters are there in the ASCII code? Answer: 128 specified characters Question: How many are non-printing control characters? Answer: 33 are non-printing control characters Question: How many characters are printable characters? Answer: 95 printable characters Question: What is the space also known as what? Answer: invisible graphic:223 Question: What is based on the binary alphabet? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many specific characters are there in the ASCII Teletype machines? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did encoded numbers originate with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many definitions are printable characters? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What alphabet is invisible graphic:223 based on? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Mac OS continued to evolve up to version 9.2.2, including retrofits such as the addition of a nanokernel and support for Multiprocessing Services 2.0 in Mac OS 8.6, though its dated architecture made replacement necessary. Initially developed in the Pascal programming language, it was substantially rewritten in C++ for System 7. From its beginnings on an 8 MHz machine with 128 KB of RAM, it had grown to support Apple's latest 1 GHz G4-equipped Macs. Since its architecture was laid down, features that were already common on Apple's competition, like preemptive multitasking and protected memory, had become feasible on the kind of hardware Apple manufactured. As such, Apple introduced Mac OS X, a fully overhauled Unix-based successor to Mac OS 9. OS X uses Darwin, XNU, and Mach as foundations, and is based on NeXTSTEP. It was released to the public in September 2000, as the Mac OS X Public Beta, featuring a revamped user interface called "Aqua". At US$29.99, it allowed adventurous Mac users to sample Apple's new operating system and provide feedback for the actual release. The initial version of Mac OS X, 10.0 "Cheetah", was released on March 24, 2001. Older Mac OS applications could still run under early Mac OS X versions, using an environment called "Classic". Subsequent releases of Mac OS X included 10.1 "Puma" (2001), 10.2 "Jaguar" (2002), 10.3 "Panther" (2003) and 10.4 "Tiger" (2005). Question: What did dated architecture on the Mac OS line make necessary? Answer: replacement Question: What programming language was the Mac OS initially developed in? Answer: Pascal Question: What language replaced Pascal for System 7? Answer: C++ Question: What was the fuly overhauled successor to Mac OS 9? Answer: Mac OS X Question: Upon release, what interface allowed Mac users to sample Apple's new operating system and provide feedback for the actual release? Answer: Aqua Question: What did new architecture on the Mac OS line make necessary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What spoken language was the Mac OS initially developed in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language replaced Pascal for System 8? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the fuly overhauled successor to Mac OS 8? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Upon release, what interface allowed Mac users to sample Microsoft's new operating system and provide feedback for the actual release? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: With the growing possibility of an Allied invasion in the Balkans, the Axis began to divert more resources to the destruction of the Partisans main force and its high command. This meant, among other things, a concerted German effort to capture Josip Broz Tito personally. On 25 May 1944, he managed to evade the Germans after the Raid on Drvar (Operation Rösselsprung), an airborne assault outside his Drvar headquarters in Bosnia. Question: Who diverted resources to the destruction of the Partisans? Answer: Axis Question: Who was the opponent of the Allies? Answer: Axis Question: Which group of people wanted to capture Tito personally? Answer: German Question: In 1944 where did Tito manage to avoid the Germans? Answer: Drvar Question: What type of assault was there in Bosnia? Answer: airborne
Context: A more accurate description of the hydrogen atom comes from a purely quantum mechanical treatment that uses the Schrödinger equation, Dirac equation or even the Feynman path integral formulation to calculate the probability density of the electron around the proton. The most complicated treatments allow for the small effects of special relativity and vacuum polarization. In the quantum mechanical treatment, the electron in a ground state hydrogen atom has no angular momentum at all—an illustration of how the "planetary orbit" conception of electron motion differs from reality. Question: What kind of movement does the electron not have in ground state? Answer: angular
Context: Over subsequent centuries, many Presbyterian churches modified these prescriptions by introducing hymnody, instrumental accompaniment, and ceremonial vestments into worship. However, there is not one fixed "Presbyterian" worship style. Although there are set services for the "Lord's Day", one can find a service to be evangelical and even revivalist in tone (especially in some conservative denominations), or strongly liturgical, approximating the practices of Lutheranism or Anglicanism (especially where Scottish tradition is esteemed),[clarification needed] or semi-formal, allowing for a balance of hymns, preaching, and congregational participation (favored by probably most American Presbyterians). Most Presbyterian churches follow the traditional liturgical year and observe the traditional holidays, holy seasons, such as Advent, Christmas, Ash Wednesday, Holy Week, Easter, Pentecost, etc. They also make use of the appropriate seasonal liturgical colors, etc. Many, incorporate ancient liturgical prayers and responses into the communion services and follow a daily, seasonal, and festival lectionary. Other Presbyterians, however, such as the Reformed Presbyterians, would practice a cappella exclusive psalmody, as well as eschew the celebration of holy days. Question: What did many Presbyterian churches introduce as a result of modifying prescriptions? Answer: hymnody, instrumental accompaniment, and ceremonial vestments Question: What is favored by most American Presbyterian churches that is semi-formal service for the "lords Day"? Answer: hymns, preaching, and congregational participation Question: What do reformed Presbyterians practice? Answer: cappella exclusive psalmody Question: How did Holy Week churches modify the prescriptions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Most Lord's Day churches observe which holidays? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do many Lutheran churches incorporate into communion services? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of lectionary do Anglicanism churches follow? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Although Presbyterians do not observe holy seasons they do observe which holidays? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate between Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato style. In the 19th century a renewed interest in Renaissance polyphony coupled with an ignorance of the fact that vocal parts were often doubled by instrumentalists led to the term coming to mean unaccompanied vocal music. The term is also used, albeit rarely, as a synonym for alla breve. Question: What does A cappella mean in the Italian language? Answer: in the manner of the chapel Question: What is another term occasionally used to refer to A cappella? Answer: alla breve Question: At what point did Renaissance polyphony become popular again? Answer: 19th century Question: How is A cappella currently defined? Answer: group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment Question: A cappella was originally used to tell the difference between which two styles? Answer: Renaissance polyphony and Baroque concertato Question: What is group or solo music called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does cantata music lack that Acappella has? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a synonym for cantata? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was renewed in the 1900's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did cantata origionally differerntiate between? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term is also used as a synonym for concertato? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Alla breve was originally used to tell the difference between what styles? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What led to alla breve meaning unaccompanied vocal music? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Baroque concertato mean in Italian? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Renaissance polyphony contrast with that means accompanied singing? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the early 20th century, thousands of boys were employed in glass making industries. Glass making was a dangerous and tough job especially without the current technologies. The process of making glass includes intense heat to melt glass (3133 °F). When the boys are at work, they are exposed to this heat. This could cause eye trouble, lung ailments, heat exhaustion, cut, and burns. Since workers were paid by the piece, they had to work productively for hours without a break. Since furnaces had to be constantly burning, there were night shifts from 5:00 pm to 3:00 am. Many factory owners preferred boys under 16 years of age. Question: When were young boys employed in the glass making industries? Answer: early 20th century Question: Under glass making conditions were the children exposed to any heating elements? Answer: they are exposed to this heat Question: Were the boys in glass making industry paid by the hour? Answer: paid by the piece Question: Did the glass industry have a preference for older working boys? Answer: factory owners preferred boys under 16 years of age
Context: The subsequent Slave dynasty of Delhi managed to conquer large areas of northern India, while the Khilji dynasty conquered most of central India but were ultimately unsuccessful in conquering and uniting the subcontinent. The Sultanate ushered in a period of Indian cultural renaissance. The resulting "Indo-Muslim" fusion of cultures left lasting syncretic monuments in architecture, music, literature, religion, and clothing. It is surmised that the language of Urdu (literally meaning "horde" or "camp" in various Turkic dialects) was born during the Delhi Sultanate period as a result of the intermingling of the local speakers of Sanskritic Prakrits with immigrants speaking Persian, Turkic, and Arabic under the Muslim rulers. The Delhi Sultanate is the only Indo-Islamic empire to enthrone one of the few female rulers in India, Razia Sultana (1236–1240). Question: What conquered large areas of northern India? Answer: Slave dynasty of Delhi Question: What dynasty captured most of central India? Answer: Khilji dynasty Question: What language was created during the Delhi Sultanate? Answer: Urdu Question: Who was the only female sultana to be enthroned in a Indo-Islamic empire? Answer: Razia Sultana Question: By what is the fusion of Islamic and Indian cultures called? Answer: Indo-Muslim
Context: In the 1960s, the term bandes dessinées ("drawn strips") came into wide use in French to denote the medium. Cartoonists began creating comics for mature audiences, and the term "Ninth Art"[e] was coined, as comics began to attract public and academic attention as an artform. A group including René Goscinny and Albert Uderzo founded the magazine Pilote in 1959 to give artists greater freedom over their work. Goscinny and Uderzo's The Adventures of Asterix appeared in it and went on to become the best-selling French-language comics series. From 1960, the satirical and taboo-breaking Hara-Kiri defied censorship laws in the countercultural spirit that led to the May 1968 events. Question: Comics for adults began to be called what? Answer: Ninth Art Question: What year did Pilote begin? Answer: 1959 Question: What became a best-seller comic in the French language? Answer: Adventures of Asterix Question: What does bandes dessinées not mean? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Comics for kids began to be called what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Pilote end? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What became a best-seller comic in the English language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What became a low-seller comic in the French language? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The purpose of these instruments was to address the various forms of corruption (involving the public sector, the private sector, the financing of political activities, etc.) whether they had a strictly domestic or also a transnational dimension. To monitor the implementation at national level of the requirements and principles provided in those texts, a monitoring mechanism – the Group of States Against Corruption (also known as GRECO) (French: Groupe d'Etats contre la corruption) was created. Question: What does GRECO stand for? Answer: Group of States Against Corruption Question: What is the name of the French equivalent of GRECO? Answer: Groupe d'Etats contre la corruption Question: The instruments used to point out the different corrupt forms looked to see if they were rigidly domestic or what? Answer: transnational
Context: By the 11th century, London was beyond all comparison the largest town in England. Westminster Abbey, rebuilt in the Romanesque style by King Edward the Confessor, was one of the grandest churches in Europe. Winchester had previously been the capital of Anglo-Saxon England, but from this time on, London became the main forum for foreign traders and the base for defence in time of war. In the view of Frank Stenton: "It had the resources, and it was rapidly developing the dignity and the political self-consciousness appropriate to a national capital." Question: Who rebuilt Westminster Abbey? Answer: King Edward the Confessor Question: By which century had London started becoming a prominent capital city? Answer: the 11th century Question: What architectural style was Westminster Abbey rebuilt in? Answer: Romanesque Question: What historian was quoted as saying that London had all the necessary characteristics to be a major capital city? Answer: Frank Stenton Question: Prior to the 11th century, what was Anglo-Saxon England's capital? Answer: Winchester
Context: Chess is a leading sport in Israel and is enjoyed by people of all ages. There are many Israeli grandmasters and Israeli chess players have won a number of youth world championships. Israel stages an annual international championship and hosted the World Team Chess Championship in 2005. The Ministry of Education and the World Chess Federation agreed upon a project of teaching chess within Israeli schools, and it has been introduced into the curriculum of some schools. The city of Beersheba has become a national chess center, with the game being taught in the city's kindergartens. Owing partly to Soviet immigration, it is home to the largest number of chess grandmasters of any city in the world. The Israeli chess team won the silver medal at the 2008 Chess Olympiad and the bronze, coming in third among 148 teams, at the 2010 Olympiad. Israeli grandmaster Boris Gelfand won the Chess World Cup in 2009 and the 2011 Candidates Tournament for the right to challenge the world champion. He only lost the World Chess Championship 2012 to reigning world champion Anand after a speed-chess tie breaker.[citation needed] Question: What's a leading sport in Israel? Answer: Chess Question: What city has become a national chess center? Answer: Beersheba Question: Who won the Chess Cup in 2009? Answer: Boris Gelfand
Context: Yale is noted for its largely Collegiate Gothic campus as well as for several iconic modern buildings commonly discussed in architectural history survey courses: Louis Kahn's Yale Art Gallery and Center for British Art, Eero Saarinen's Ingalls Rink and Ezra Stiles and Morse Colleges, and Paul Rudolph's Art & Architecture Building. Yale also owns and has restored many noteworthy 19th-century mansions along Hillhouse Avenue, which was considered the most beautiful street in America by Charles Dickens when he visited the United States in the 1840s. In 2011, Travel+Leisure listed the Yale campus as one of the most beautiful in the United States. Question: Who called Hillhouse Avenue the most beautiful street in America in the 1840's? Answer: Charles Dickens Question: Who listed Yale as one of the most beautiful campuses in the United States? Answer: Travel+Leisure Question: What is Yale largely known for? Answer: Collegiate Gothic campus Question: When did Travel + Leisure list Yale as one of the most beautiful campuses? Answer: 2011 Question: Who called Hillhouse Avenue the most beautiful street in America in the 1940's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who listed Yale as one of the least beautiful campuses in the United States? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Yale largely unknown for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Yale lesser known for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Travel + Leisure list Yale as one of the least beautiful campuses? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Apple announced a battery replacement program on November 14, 2003, a week before a high publicity stunt and website by the Neistat Brothers. The initial cost was US$99, and it was lowered to US$59 in 2005. One week later, Apple offered an extended iPod warranty for US$59. For the iPod Nano, soldering tools are needed because the battery is soldered onto the main board. Fifth generation iPods have their battery attached to the backplate with adhesive. Question: What did Apple launch on November 14, 2003? Answer: battery replacement program Question: How much did iPod owners originally have to pay for replacement batteries? Answer: $99 Question: What was needed to replace an iPod Nano battery? Answer: soldering tools Question: What generation saw iPod batterys being affixed with glue? Answer: Fifth generation Question: In what year did Apple begin a formal battery replacement program? Answer: 2003 Question: What was the original price for a replacement battery from Apple? Answer: $99 Question: Which iPod model has its battery soldered into the unit? Answer: Nano
Context: These representations rely on presenting scenes directly to the eye for their own visible sake. They care for the schematic arrangements of bodies in space, but only as parts in a larger whole. While each scene has its own character and completeness it must fit into the general sequence to which it belongs. In these archaic pediments the sculptors use empty intervals, to suggest a passage to and fro a busy battlefield. The artists seem to have been dominated by geometrical pattern and order, and this was improved when classical art brought a greater freedom and economy. Question: Who seemed to have been dominated by geometrical pattern and order? Answer: The artists Question: What rely on presenting scenes directly to the eye for their own visibe sake? Answer: These representations Question: While each scene has its own character and completeness, it must fit into what? Answer: the general sequence to which it belongs
Context: The immediate nationwide uprisings against the new government began by the 1979 Kurdish rebellion with the Khuzestan uprisings, along with the uprisings in Sistan and Baluchestan Province and other areas. Over the next several years, these uprisings were subdued in a violent manner by the new Islamic government. The new government went about purging itself of the non-Islamist political opposition. Although both nationalists and Marxists had initially joined with Islamists to overthrow the Shah, tens of thousands were executed by the Islamic government afterward. Question: The new Iranian government following the Shah's downfall dealt with the Kurdish rebellion in what year? Answer: 1979 Question: How did the new Iranian government handle the rebellions and uprisings following their rise to power? Answer: in a violent manner Question: The new Iranian government purged itself of what political opposition? Answer: non-Islamist Question: What happened to the nationalists and Marxists that had helped the Islamic ruling government to depose the Shah? Answer: were executed
Context: With the Conference of Berlin of 1884, Portuguese Africa territories had their borders formally established on request of Portugal in order to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa. Portuguese Africa's cities and towns like Nova Lisboa, Sá da Bandeira, Silva Porto, Malanje, Tete, Vila Junqueiro, Vila Pery and Vila Cabral were founded or redeveloped inland during this period and beyond. New coastal towns like Beira, Moçâmedes, Lobito, João Belo, Nacala and Porto Amélia were also founded. Even before the turn of the 20th century, railway tracks as the Benguela railway in Angola, and the Beira railway in Mozambique, started to be built to link coastal areas and selected inland regions. Question: When was the Conference of Berlin held? Answer: 1884 Question: Why were the Portugese Africa territories' borders formally established? Answer: to protect the centuries-long Portuguese interests in the continent from rivalries enticed by the Scramble for Africa Question: During what period were the Portugese Africa's cities founded or redeveloped? Answer: Scramble for Africa Question: What new Portugese Africa's coastal towns were developed during the Scramble for Africa? Answer: Beira, Moçâmedes, Lobito, João Belo, Nacala and Porto Amélia Question: When were railroad tracks being installed Portugese Africa? Answer: before the turn of the 20th century
Context: Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, and the Joint Multinational Training Center (JMRC) at the Hohenfels Training Area in Hohenfels, Germany. ARFORGEN is the Army Force Generation process approved in 2006 to meet the need to continuously replenish forces for deployment, at unit level, and for other echelons as required by the mission. Individual-level replenishment still requires training at a unit level, which is conducted at the continental US (CONUS) replacement center at Fort Bliss, in New Mexico and Texas, before their individual deployment. Question: Where is the National Training Center located? Answer: Fort Irwin, California Question: Where is the Joint Readiness Training Center located? Answer: Fort Polk, Louisiana Question: Where is the Joint Multinational Training Center located? Answer: Hohenfels, Germany Question: In what year was ARFORGEN approved? Answer: 2006 Question: In what states is Fort Bliss located? Answer: New Mexico and Texas Question: Where is the International Training Center located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the Double Readiness Training Center located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the Joint International Training Center located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was ARFORGEN rejected? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what cities is Fort Bliss located? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 2005, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 1624 concerning incitement to commit acts of terrorism and the obligations of countries to comply with international human rights laws. Although both resolutions require mandatory annual reports on counter-terrorism activities by adopting nations, the United States and Israel have both declined to submit reports. In the same year, the United States Department of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff issued a planning document, by the name "National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism", which stated that it constituted the "comprehensive military plan to prosecute the Global War on Terror for the Armed Forces of the United States...including the findings and recommendations of the 9/11 Commission and a rigorous examination with the Department of Defense". Question: What terrorism-related resolution did the UN Security Council adopt in 2005? Answer: Resolution 1624 Question: Which countries haven't submitted the required reports to the UN Security Council? Answer: the United States and Israel Question: What plan did the DoD release in 2005? Answer: National Military Strategic Plan for the War on Terrorism Question: What did Resolution 1624 try to protect? Answer: international human rights laws Question: What year did Israel adopt Resolution 1964? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the UN Security Council decline to offer reports for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What document did the Israeli Department of Defense publish? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which two countries submitted annual reports? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What US agency released Resolution 1624? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: As Secretary of State Montini coordinated the activities of assistance to the persecuted hidden in convents, parishes, seminaries, and in ecclesiastical schools. At the request of the pope, together with Pascalina Lehnert, Ferdinando Baldelli and Otto Faller, he created the Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza, which aided large number of Romans and refugees from everywhere with shelter, food and other material assistance. In Rome alone this organization distributed almost two million portions of free food in the year 1944. The Vatican and the Papal Residence Castel Gandolfo were opened to refugees. Some 15,000 persons lived in Castel Gandolfo alone, supported by the Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza. At the request of Pius XII, Montini was also involved in the re-establishment of Church Asylum, providing protection to hundreds of Allied soldiers, who had escaped from Axis prison camps, Jews, anti-Fascists, Socialists, Communists, and after the liberation of Rome, German soldiers, partisans and other displaced persons. After the war and later as pope, Montini turned the Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza, into the major charity, Caritas Italiana.[b] Question: Who requested Montini become involved in the Church Asylum movement? Answer: Pius XII Question: What war time group did the Vatican and Papal residence open their doors to? Answer: refugees Question: How many people lived at Castel Gofolfo during the war? Answer: 15,000 Question: What organization did Montini form with other fellow officials to help refugees? Answer: Pontificia Commissione di Assistenza Question: What did Montini strive to reestablish to help persecuted Jews and allied soldiers? Answer: Church Asylum
Context: The oldest written records of the Finnic languages of Estonia date from the 13th century. Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia contains Estonian place names, words and fragments of sentences. Question: How far back do the first written records of Estonia's Finnic languages go? Answer: 13th century Question: Where can records of Estonian place names be found? Answer: Originates Livoniae Question: Which Chronicle contains the Originates Livoniae? Answer: Chronicle of Henry of Livonia Question: Aside from place names what else from the Estonian language can be found in the Originates Livoniae in Chronicle of Henry of Livonia? Answer: words and fragments of sentences. Question: Where can records of Estonian place names not be found? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which Chronicle does not contain the Originates Livoniae? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the last century fo Estonia's Finnic language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When is the most recent written records of Finnic Languages of Estonia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what book were place names, words and fragments of sentences were not included? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Incubation, which optimises temperature for chick development, usually begins after the last egg has been laid. In monogamous species incubation duties are often shared, whereas in polygamous species one parent is wholly responsible for incubation. Warmth from parents passes to the eggs through brood patches, areas of bare skin on the abdomen or breast of the incubating birds. Incubation can be an energetically demanding process; adult albatrosses, for instance, lose as much as 83 grams (2.9 oz) of body weight per day of incubation. The warmth for the incubation of the eggs of megapodes comes from the sun, decaying vegetation or volcanic sources. Incubation periods range from 10 days (in woodpeckers, cuckoos and passerine birds) to over 80 days (in albatrosses and kiwis). Question: What process optimises temperature for chick development? Answer: Incubation Question: When does incubation begin? Answer: after the last egg has been laid Question: What are areas of bare skin on the abdomen or breast of incubating birds? Answer: brood patches Question: How many days is the incubation period for woodpeckers? Answer: 10 days Question: How many days is the incubation period for kiwis? Answer: over 80 days
Context: Video output connections varied from one model of the console to the next. The original HVC-001 model of the Family Computer featured only radio frequency (RF) modulator output. When the console was released in North America and Europe, support for composite video through RCA connectors was added in addition to the RF modulator. The HVC-101 model of the Famicom dropped the RF modulator entirely and adopted composite video output via a proprietary 12-pin "multi-out" connector first introduced for the Super Famicom/Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Conversely, the North American re-released NES-101 model most closely resembled the original HVC-001 model Famicom, in that it featured RF modulator output only. Finally, the PlayChoice-10 utilized an inverted RGB video output. Question: The HVC-001 featured which kind of mod output? Answer: radio frequency (RF) Question: The HVC-101 lost the RF and adopted which output for use in North America and Europe? Answer: composite video Question: The Super NES had how many pins in its proprietary connector? Answer: 12 Question: The re-released NES-101 model in North America went back to what perceived primitive output? Answer: RF modulator Question: The HVC-001 featured which kind of mod input? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The HVC-101 lost the RF and adopted which input for use in North America and Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Super NES had how many pins in its non-proprietary connector? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The re-released NES-101 model in South America went back to what perceived primitive output? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: As with previous USB versions, USB 3.0 ports come in low-power and high-power variants, providing 150 mA and 900 mA respectively, while simultaneously transmitting data at SuperSpeed rates. Additionally, there is a Battery Charging Specification (Version 1.2 – December 2010), which increases the power handling capability to 1.5 A but does not allow concurrent data transmission. The Battery Charging Specification requires that the physical ports themselves be capable of handling 5 A of current[citation needed] but limits the maximum current drawn to 1.5 A. Question: What are the power variants in USB 3.0 ports? Answer: low-power and high-power Question: What do the power variants provide? Answer: 150 mA and 900 mA respectively Question: What does the Battery Charging Specification do? Answer: increases the power handling capability to 1.5 A Question: What is a downfall of the Battery Charging Specification? Answer: does not allow concurrent data transmission
Context: Half the deported perished, and the other half were not allowed to return until the early 1960s (years after Stalin's death).[citation needed] The activities of Soviet forces in 1940–41 and after reoccupation sparked a guerrilla war against Soviet authorities in Estonia by the Forest Brothers, who consisted mostly of Estonian veterans of the German and Finnish armies and some civilians. This conflict continued into the early 1950s. Material damage caused by the world war and the following Soviet era significantly slowed Estonia's economic growth, resulting in a wide wealth gap in comparison with neighbouring Finland and Sweden. Question: What percentage of Estonians died after deporation? Answer: Half the deported perished Question: When were the deported Estonians allowed to return? Answer: the early 1960s Question: What event led to the return of Estonians back home? Answer: Stalin's death Question: Who fought a guerrilla war against the Soviets? Answer: the Forest Brothers
Context: A wide array of sports are played in Armenia, the most popular among them being wrestling, weightlifting, judo, association football, chess, and boxing. Armenia's mountainous terrain provides great opportunities for the practice of sports like skiing and climbing. Being a landlocked country, water sports can only be practiced on lakes, notably Lake Sevan. Competitively, Armenia has been successful in chess, weightlifting and wrestling at the international level. Armenia is also an active member of the international sports community, with full membership in the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) and International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). It also hosts the Pan-Armenian Games. Question: Which lake is most popular for water sports in Armenia? Answer: Lake Sevan Question: What international sports has Armenia done well at? Answer: chess, weightlifting and wrestling Question: What does IIHF stand for? Answer: Ice Hockey Federation Question: Which Games does Armenia hold? Answer: Pan-Armenian Games
Context: According to the 2006 census carried out by Northern Cyprus, there were 256,644 (de jure) people living in Northern Cyprus. 178,031 were citizens of Northern Cyprus, of whom 147,405 were born in Cyprus (112,534 from the north; 32,538 from the south; 371 did not indicate what part of Cyprus they were from); 27,333 born in Turkey; 2,482 born in the UK and 913 born in Bulgaria. Of the 147,405 citizens born in Cyprus, 120,031 say both parents were born in Cyprus; 16,824 say both parents born in Turkey; 10,361 have one parent born in Turkey and one parent born in Cyprus. Question: How many people were living in Northern Cyprus according to the 2006 census? Answer: 256,644 Question: How many citizens born in Cyprus also have parents who were born in Cyprus? Answer: 120,031 Question: How many of the citizens in Northern Cyprus was born in Cyprus? Answer: 147,405
Context: Some states, however, do have a term of office of the prime minister linked to the period in office of the parliament. Hence the Irish Taoiseach is formally 'renominated' after every general election. (Some constitutional experts have questioned whether this process is actually in keeping with the provisions of the Irish constitution, which appear to suggest that a taoiseach should remain in office, without the requirement of a renomination, unless s/he has clearly lost the general election.) The position of prime minister is normally chosen from the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament. Question: What is the name of the prime ministerial position in Ireland? Answer: Taoiseach Question: From where is the Irish prime minister usually selected? Answer: the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament Question: When is the Irish Taoiseach renominated? Answer: after every general election Question: Who is chosen from the party that hold a minority of seats in the lower hhouse of parliment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the Taoiseach in the UK? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When is the Taoiseach reelected? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia. Question: What era started when Ancient Greek cities became self-governing entities? Answer: classical antiquity Question: What was the name of the different governments forming in Ancient Greece? Answer: city-states Question: Who was responsible for the bringing Greek culture as far as Asia? Answer: Alexander the Great Question: What era started when Alexander the Great became a self governing entity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the different governments forming in Ancient Asia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was responsible for bringing Asian culture to the Greek? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Alexander go to spread city-states? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What period began with Alexander the Great? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The northern side of Miami includes Midtown, a district with a great mix of diversity with many West Indians, Hispanics, European Americans, bohemians, and artists. Edgewater, and Wynwood, are neighborhoods of Midtown and are made up mostly of high-rise residential towers and are home to the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts. The wealthier residents usually live in the northeastern part, in Midtown, the Design District, and the Upper East Side, with many sought after 1920s homes and home of the MiMo Historic District, a style of architecture originated in Miami in the 1950s. The northern side of Miami also has notable African American and Caribbean immigrant communities such as Little Haiti, Overtown (home of the Lyric Theater), and Liberty City. Question: What notable theater is present in Overtown? Answer: Lyric Question: After whom is the performing arts center in Midtown named? Answer: Adrienne Arsht Question: In what part of Miami is Midtown? Answer: northern Question: What is the name of the architectural style originating in 1950s Miami? Answer: MiMo Question: What northern Miami neighborhood is named for a Caribbean country? Answer: Little Haiti Question: What unnotable theater is present in Overtown? Answer: Unanswerable Question: After whom isn't the performing arts center in Midtown named? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what part of Miami isn't Midtown? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the architectural style originating in 1960s Miami? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What northern Miami neighborhood isn't named for a Caribbean country? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The geography of Southampton is influenced by the sea and rivers. The city lies at the northern tip of the Southampton Water, a deep water estuary, which is a ria formed at the end of the last Ice Age. Here, the rivers Test and Itchen converge. The Test—which has salt marsh that makes it ideal for salmon fishing—runs along the western edge of the city, while the Itchen splits Southampton in two—east and west. The city centre is located between the two rivers. Question: At which tip of Southampton Water is Southampton located? Answer: northern Question: What river converges with the Test? Answer: Itchen Question: Which river is excellent for salmon fishing? Answer: Test Question: Which river splits the city of Southampton into an east section and a west section? Answer: Itchen Question: What Southampton area is located between the Itchen and Test rivers? Answer: The city centre
Context: In the Western Balkans, South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with Avar invaders, eventually producing a Slavicized population.[citation needed] In Central Europe, the Slavs intermixed with Germanic and Celtic, while the eastern Slavs encountered Uralic and Scandinavian peoples. Scandinavians (Varangians) and Finnic peoples were involved in the early formation of the Rus' state but were completely Slavicized after a century. Some Finno-Ugric tribes in the north were also absorbed into the expanding Rus population. At the time of the Magyar migration, the present-day Hungary was inhabited by Slavs, numbering about 200,000, and by Romano-Dacians who were either assimilated or enslaved by the Magyars. In the 11th and 12th centuries, constant incursions by nomadic Turkic tribes, such as the Kipchaks and the Pechenegs, caused a massive migration of East Slavic populations to the safer, heavily forested regions of the north. In the Middle Ages, groups of Saxon ore miners settled in medieval Bosnia, Serbia and Bulgaria where they were Slavicized. Question: Where did South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with Avar invaders? Answer: In the Western Balkans Question: In the Western Balkans, South Slavs and Germanic Gepids intermarried with who? Answer: Avar invaders Question: In Central Europe, the Slavs intermixed with who? Answer: Germanic and Celtic Question: The eastern Slavs intermixed with who? Answer: Uralic and Scandinavian peoples Question: Scandinavians (Varangians) and Finnic peoples were involved in the early formation of what state? Answer: the Rus' state Question: What is another name for the Finnic peoples? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What state did the Germanic Gepids help form? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Magyar migration? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Romano-Dacians were there in the Magyar migration? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What attacking tribes lived in the regions of the north? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Many communities have small air taxi services. These operations originated from the demand for customized transport to remote areas. Perhaps the most quintessentially Alaskan plane is the bush seaplane. The world's busiest seaplane base is Lake Hood, located next to Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport, where flights bound for remote villages without an airstrip carry passengers, cargo, and many items from stores and warehouse clubs. In 2006 Alaska had the highest number of pilots per capita of any U.S. state. Question: Which plane is considered quintessentially Alaskan? Answer: bush seaplane Question: Where is the busiest seaplane base in the world? Answer: Lake Hood Question: Which state had the most pilots per capita than any other US state? Answer: Alaska Question: Lake Hood is located next to what International Airport? Answer: Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport Question: Which plane isn't considered quintessentially Alaskan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the least busiest seaplane base in the world? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the busiest boat base in the world? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which state had the most pilots per capita than any other UN state? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Lake Hood isn't located next to what International Airport? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Surrounded by the Yangtze River and mountains, Nanjing also enjoys beautiful natural scenery. Natural lakes such as Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake are located in the centre of the city and are easily accessible to the public, while hills like Purple Mountain are covered with evergreens and oaks and host various historical and cultural sites. Sun Quan relocated his capital to Nanjing after Liu Bei's suggestion as Liu Bei was impressed by Nanjing's impeccable geographic position when negotiating an alliance with Sun Quan. Sun Quan then renamed the city from Moling (秣陵) to Jianye (建鄴) shortly thereafter. Question: What lakes are in the middle of Nanjing? Answer: Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake Question: What type of trees are on Purple Mountain? Answer: evergreens and oaks Question: Who convinced Sun Quan to make Nanjing his capital? Answer: Liu Bei Question: What impressed Liu Bei so much about Nanjing? Answer: Nanjing's impeccable geographic position Question: What is Nanjing surrounded by? Answer: the Yangtze River and mountains
Context: Everton's second successful era started when Harry Catterick was made manager in 1961. In 1962–63, his second season in charge, Everton won the League title and in 1966 the FA Cup followed with a 3–2 win over Sheffield Wednesday. Everton again reached the final in 1968, but this time were unable to overcome West Bromwich Albion at Wembley. Two seasons later in 1969–70, Everton won the League championship, nine points clear of nearest rivals Leeds United. During this period, Everton were the first English club to achieve five consecutive years in European competitions—seasons 1961–62 to 1966–67. Question: In what year did Everton's second successful era begin? Answer: 1961 Question: Who was the manager when Everton's second successful era began in 1961? Answer: Harry Catterick Question: In what year did Everton win the FA cup in a 3-2 win over Sheffield? Answer: 1966 Question: In what year did Everton lose the FA cup final to West Bromwich Albion? Answer: Wembley Question: What was the last year that Harry Catterick managed Everton? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the score of the first Everton game Harry Catterick managed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the score of the final game between Everton and West Bromwich Albion in 1968? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who coached Everton during the 1969-70 season? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who coached Everton during the 1966-67 season? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: International reactions to Gaddafi's death were divided. U.S. President Barack Obama stated that it meant that "the shadow of tyranny over Libya has been lifted," while UK Prime Minister David Cameron stated that he was "proud" of his country's role in overthrowing "this brutal dictator". Contrastingly, former Cuban President Fidel Castro commented that in defying the rebels, Gaddafi would "enter history as one of the great figures of the Arab nations", while Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez described him as "a great fighter, a revolutionary and a martyr." Nelson Mandela expressed sadness at the news, praising Gaddafi for his anti-apartheid stance, remarking that he backed the African National Congress during "the darkest moments of our struggle". Gaddafi was mourned by many as a hero across Sub-Saharan Africa, for instance, a vigil was held by Muslims in Sierra Leone. The Daily Times of Nigeria stated that while undeniably a dictator, Gaddafi was the most benevolent in a region that only knew dictatorship, and that he was "a great man that looked out for his people and made them the envy of all of Africa." The Nigerian newspaper Leadership reported that while many Libyans and Africans would mourn Gaddafi, this would be ignored by western media and that as such it would take 50 years before historians decided whether he was "martyr or villain." Question: Who referred to Gaddafi as a martyr? Answer: Hugo Chávez Question: Who noted Gaddafi's opposition to apartheid? Answer: Nelson Mandela Question: Who expressed pride at overthrowing Gaddafi's government? Answer: David Cameron Question: In what country was there a notable Muslim vigil for Gaddafi? Answer: Sierra Leone Question: Who said something about tyranny? Answer: Barack Obama
Context: Advances in understanding genes and inheritance continued throughout the 20th century. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was shown to be the molecular repository of genetic information by experiments in the 1940s to 1950s. The structure of DNA was studied by Rosalind Franklin using X-ray crystallography, which led James D. Watson and Francis Crick to publish a model of the double-stranded DNA molecule whose paired nucleotide bases indicated a compelling hypothesis for the mechanism of genetic replication. Collectively, this body of research established the central dogma of molecular biology, which states that proteins are translated from RNA, which is transcribed from DNA. This dogma has since been shown to have exceptions, such as reverse transcription in retroviruses. The modern study of genetics at the level of DNA is known as molecular genetics. Question: What was shown to be the molecular repository of genetic information by experiments in the 1940s to 1950s? Answer: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Question: Who studied the structure of DNA using x-ray crystallography? Answer: Rosalind Franklin Question: What two scientists published a model of the double stranded DNA molecule? Answer: James D. Watson and Francis Crick Question: What is one exception to the central dogma of molecular biology? Answer: reverse transcription in retroviruses Question: What is the modern study of genetics at the level of DNA known as? Answer: molecular genetics
Context: In the increasingly globalized film industry, videoconferencing has become useful as a method by which creative talent in many different locations can collaborate closely on the complex details of film production. For example, for the 2013 award-winning animated film Frozen, Burbank-based Walt Disney Animation Studios hired the New York City-based husband-and-wife songwriting team of Robert Lopez and Kristen Anderson-Lopez to write the songs, which required two-hour-long transcontinental videoconferences nearly every weekday for about 14 months. Question: In what industry has videoconferencing become useful? Answer: film Question: On what film was videoconferencing widely used? Answer: Frozen Question: What year was the movie Frozen released? Answer: 2013 Question: In what city were the songwriting team of Frozen located? Answer: New York City Question: How many months did the songwriters work on the movie via videoconferencing? Answer: 14 Question: How has videoconferencing become useful in the songwriting industry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what industry has using different locations become useful? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the film industry globalized? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long did songwriters work in different locations through videoconferencing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what movie were complex details of film production used? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: More than two-thirds of inner Boston's modern land area did not exist when the city was founded, but was created via the gradual filling in of the surrounding tidal areas over the centuries, notably with earth from the leveling or lowering of Boston's three original hills (the "Trimountain", after which Tremont Street is named), and with gravel brought by train from Needham to fill the Back Bay. Downtown and its immediate surroundings consists largely of low-rise (often Federal style and Greek Revival) masonry buildings, interspersed with modern highrises, notably in the Financial District, Government Center, and South Boston. Back Bay includes many prominent landmarks, such as the Boston Public Library, Christian Science Center, Copley Square, Newbury Street, and New England's two tallest buildings—the John Hancock Tower and the Prudential Center. Near the John Hancock Tower is the old John Hancock Building with its prominent illuminated beacon, the color of which forecasts the weather. Smaller commercial areas are interspersed among areas of single-family homes and wooden/brick multi-family row houses. The South End Historic District is the largest surviving contiguous Victorian-era neighborhood in the US. The geography of downtown and South Boston was particularly impacted by the Central Artery/Tunnel Project (known unofficially as the "Big Dig"), which allowed for the removal of the unsightly elevated Central Artery and the incorporation of new green spaces and open areas. Question: How much of Inner Bostons land area did not exist when the city was founded? Answer: More than two-thirds Question: The modern land area was created by the gradual filling in of surrounding what? Answer: tidal areas Question: Tremont Street is named after what original hill in Boston? Answer: Trimountain Question: A train full of gravel came from Needham to fill what? Answer: the Back Bay Question: The Boston Public Library is located in what part of Boston? Answer: the Back Bay
Context: In some Muslim countries DST is temporarily abandoned during Ramadan (the month when no food should be eaten between sunrise and sunset), since the DST would delay the evening dinner. Ramadan took place in July and August in 2012. This concerns at least Morocco and Palestine, although Iran keeps DST during Ramadan. Most Muslim countries do not use DST, partially for this reason. Question: What do Muslims call the month when they fast between sunup and sundown? Answer: Ramadan Question: What would DST delay if observed during the Muslim holy month? Answer: the evening dinner Question: What Muslim country continues to observe DST during Ramadan? Answer: Iran Question: When was Ramadan in 2012? Answer: July and August
Context: Neurophysiologists study the chemical, pharmacological, and electrical properties of the brain: their primary tools are drugs and recording devices. Thousands of experimentally developed drugs affect the nervous system, some in highly specific ways. Recordings of brain activity can be made using electrodes, either glued to the scalp as in EEG studies, or implanted inside the brains of animals for extracellular recordings, which can detect action potentials generated by individual neurons. Because the brain does not contain pain receptors, it is possible using these techniques to record brain activity from animals that are awake and behaving without causing distress. The same techniques have occasionally been used to study brain activity in human patients suffering from intractable epilepsy, in cases where there was a medical necessity to implant electrodes to localize the brain area responsible for epileptic seizures. Functional imaging techniques such as functional magnetic resonance imaging are also used to study brain activity; these techniques have mainly been used with human subjects, because they require a conscious subject to remain motionless for long periods of time, but they have the great advantage of being noninvasive. Question: What do neurophysiologists study? Answer: the chemical, pharmacological, and electrical properties of the brain Question: The most common tools that neurophysiologists use are what? Answer: drugs and recording devices Question: What type of receptors does the brain lack? Answer: pain receptors Question: Electrodes are often glued to what like in EEG studies? Answer: the scalp
Context: Capacitors are connected in parallel with the power circuits of most electronic devices and larger systems (such as factories) to shunt away and conceal current fluctuations from the primary power source to provide a "clean" power supply for signal or control circuits. Audio equipment, for example, uses several capacitors in this way, to shunt away power line hum before it gets into the signal circuitry. The capacitors act as a local reserve for the DC power source, and bypass AC currents from the power supply. This is used in car audio applications, when a stiffening capacitor compensates for the inductance and resistance of the leads to the lead-acid car battery. Question: Why are capacitors connected in parallel with the power circuits of many devices and large systems? Answer: to provide a "clean" power supply for signal or control circuits Question: How do the capacitors connected in parallel act with currents from the power supply? Answer: as a local reserve for the DC power source Question: What is one value a stiffening capacitor accounts for when used in for car audio purposes? Answer: the inductance Question: What is another value a stiffening capacitor accounts for when used in for car audio purposes? Answer: resistance Question: What do parallel capacitors do to fluctuating current in order to deliver "clean" power for control circuits? Answer: conceal current fluctuations Question: Why are capacitors connected in parallel without the power circuits of many devices and large systems? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How do the capacitors connected perpendicullarly act with currents from the power supply? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one value a stiffening capacitor accounts for when used in for a plane audio purposes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another value a stiffening capacitor accounts for when used in for boat audio purposes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do parallel capacitors do to fluctuating current in order to deliver "dirty" power for control circuits? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Most animals indirectly use the energy of sunlight by eating plants or plant-eating animals. Most plants use light to convert inorganic molecules in their environment into carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other biomolecules, characteristically containing reduced carbon in the form of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Starting with carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O), photosynthesis converts the energy of sunlight into chemical energy in the form of simple sugars (e.g., glucose), with the release of molecular oxygen. These sugars are then used as the building blocks for plant growth, including the production of other biomolecules. When an animal eats plants (or eats other animals which have eaten plants), the reduced carbon compounds in the food become a source of energy and building materials for the animal. They are either used directly to help the animal grow, or broken down, releasing stored solar energy, and giving the animal the energy required for motion. Question: How do most animals use the energy of sunlight? Answer: eating plants or plant-eating animals Question: What do plants use to convert inorganic molecules into carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other biomolecules? Answer: light Question: What does photosynthesis convert the energy of sunlight into? Answer: chemical energy Question: When an animal eats plants or another animal that has eaten plants, what happens to the reduced carbon compounds in the food? Answer: become a source of energy and building materials for the animal Question: What happens with the reduced carbon compounds in the food are broken down releasing stored solar energy? Answer: giving the animal the energy required for motion
Context: High-gain antennas have the advantage of longer range and better signal quality, but must be aimed carefully at the other antenna. An example of a high-gain antenna is a parabolic dish such as a satellite television antenna. Low-gain antennas have shorter range, but the orientation of the antenna is relatively unimportant. An example of a low-gain antenna is the whip antenna found on portable radios and cordless phones. Antenna gain should not be confused with amplifier gain, a separate parameter measuring the increase in signal power due to an amplifying device. Question: Antennas with higher gain have what positive feature? Answer: longer range Question: Dish network Tv takes example of what type of antenna? Answer: parabolic dish Question: What type of antenna would be best if placement was tricky? Answer: Low-gain Question: What is a measure of how much efficient is improved by adding a device designed to make something stronger? Answer: amplifier gain
Context: Throughout its prehistory and early history, the region and its vicinity in the Yangtze region was the cradle of unique local civilizations which can be dated back to at least the 15th century BC and coinciding with the later years of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in North China. Sichuan was referred to in ancient Chinese sources as Ba-Shu (巴蜀), an abbreviation of the kingdoms of Ba and Shu which existed within the Sichuan Basin. Ba included Chongqing and the land in eastern Sichuan along the Yangtze and some tributary streams, while Shu included today's Chengdu, its surrounding plain and adjacent territories in western Sichuan. Question: What was Sichuan referred to as by ancient Chinese sources? Answer: Ba-Shu Question: How far back can civilizations in the Yangtze region be dated? Answer: at least the 15th century BC Question: Where were the kingdoms of Ba and Shu located? Answer: within the Sichuan Basin Question: What land was included in the kingdom of Ba? Answer: Chongqing and the land in eastern Sichuan along the Yangtze and some tributary streams Question: What land was included in the kingdom of Shu? Answer: Chengdu, its surrounding plain and adjacent territories in western Sichuan Question: What dates bsck to the 1500's BC on the Yangtze region? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What dates to the early Shang and Zhou dynasties? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What dynasties ruled in the Central China Yangtze region? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Ba-Shu referred to in ancient Chinese? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the Zhou dynasty referred to as by Chinese sources? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How far back can civilizations in the Changdu region be dated? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where were the kingdoms of Shang and Zhou located? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What ancient Chinese history was included in the kindgom of Shu? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What ancient Chinese history was included in the kingdom of Ba? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Southampton has two large live music venues, the Mayflower Theatre (formerly the Gaumont Theatre) and the Guildhall. The Guildhall has seen concerts from a wide range of popular artists including Pink Floyd, David Bowie, Delirious?, Manic Street Preachers, The Killers, The Kaiser Chiefs, Amy Winehouse, Lostprophets, The Midnight Beast, Modestep, and All Time Low. It also hosts classical concerts presented by the Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra, City of Southampton Orchestra, Southampton Concert Orchestra, Southampton Philharmonic Choir and Southampton Choral Society. Question: In addition to the Mayflower Theatre, what's Southampton's other big venue for live music? Answer: the Guildhall Question: What legendary band with a color in its name has played at the Guildhall? Answer: Pink Floyd Question: What orchestra with a name that starts with "B" has played at the Guildhall? Answer: Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra Question: What choir from the area has sung at the Guildhall? Answer: Southampton Philharmonic Choir
Context: The two mature piano sonatas (No. 2, Op. 35, written in 1839 and No. 3, Op. 58, written in 1844) are in four movements. In Op. 35, Chopin was able to combine within a formal large musical structure many elements of his virtuosic piano technique—"a kind of dialogue between the public pianism of the brilliant style and the German sonata principle". The last movement, a brief (75-bar) perpetuum mobile in which the hands play in unmodified octave unison throughout, was found shocking and unmusical by contemporaries, including Schumann. The Op. 58 sonata is closer to the German tradition, including many passages of complex counterpoint, "worthy of Brahms" according to the music historians Kornel Michałowski and Jim Samson. Question: How many movements are No. 2, Op. 35 and No. 3, Op 58 in? Answer: four Question: What two people claimed that Op 58 was "worthy of Brahms"? Answer: Kornel Michałowski and Jim Samson Question: How many movements are in No. 2, Op. 35 and No. 3, Op 58? Answer: four Question: Which movement was found lacking in musicality by Schumann? Answer: The last movement Question: According to music historians, which sonata is similar to German tradition and worthy of Brahms? Answer: Op. 58
Context: Like other historical languages, Old English has been used by scholars and enthusiasts of later periods to create texts either imitating Anglo-Saxon literature or deliberately transferring it to a different cultural context. Examples include Alistair Campbell and J. R. R. Tolkien. A number of websites devoted to Neo-Paganism and Historical re-enactment offer reference material and forums promoting the active use of Old English. By far the most ambitious project[peacock term] is the Old English Wikipedia, but most of the Neo-Old English texts published online bear little resemblance to the historical model and are riddled with very basic grammatical mistakes. Question: What modern religion sometimes uses Old English? Answer: Neo-Paganism Question: What hobby champions the use of Old English? Answer: Historical re-enactment Question: Along with Tolkien, what modern scholar notably made use of Old English? Answer: Alistair Campbell Question: What Wikipedia project makes use of the Old English language? Answer: the Old English Wikipedia Question: What is a term for modern texts written in Old English? Answer: Neo-Old English Question: What is one of the few languages imitated by scholars? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What author promoted the active use of Old English? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Wikipedia project translate Old English texts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What modern authors wrote exclusively in Old English? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Kickbacks are not limited to government officials; any situation in which people are entrusted to spend funds that do not belong to them are susceptible to this kind of corruption. Question: What is not limited to just government officials? Answer: Kickbacks
Context: Law enforcement, however, constitutes only part of policing activity. Policing has included an array of activities in different situations, but the predominant ones are concerned with the preservation of order. In some societies, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, these developed within the context of maintaining the class system and the protection of private property. Many police forces suffer from police corruption to a greater or lesser degree. The police force is usually a public sector service, meaning they are paid through taxes. Question: How are police usually paid? Answer: through taxes Question: What kind of service are police? Answer: public sector Question: When were police used to protect the class system? Answer: late 18th and early 19th centuries Question: What problem do many police forces have? Answer: corruption Question: How are police never paid? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of service aren't police? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When aren't police used to protect the class system? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What asset do many police forces have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were police used to protect the civilian system? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Compression is useful because it helps reduce resource usage, such as data storage space or transmission capacity. Because compressed data must be decompressed to use, this extra processing imposes computational or other costs through decompression; this situation is far from being a free lunch. Data compression is subject to a space–time complexity trade-off. For instance, a compression scheme for video may require expensive hardware for the video to be decompressed fast enough to be viewed as it is being decompressed, and the option to decompress the video in full before watching it may be inconvenient or require additional storage. The design of data compression schemes involves trade-offs among various factors, including the degree of compression, the amount of distortion introduced (when using lossy data compression), and the computational resources required to compress and decompress the data. Question: What helps reduce resource usage? Answer: Compression Question: What must be decompressed? Answer: compressed data Question: What is subject to a space-time complexity trade off? Answer: Data compression Question: What type of scheme involves trade offs among other things? Answer: data compression Question: What helps reduce trade-offs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is subject to a space-time hardware? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of scheme involves storage among other things? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What must compressed data be to be inconvenient? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does extra processing impose through distortion? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which lasted from 656 until 661, is known as the First Fitna ("civil war"). Muawiyah I, the governor of Syria, a relative of Uthman ibn al-Affan and Marwan I, wanted the culprits arrested. Marwan I manipulated everyone and created conflict. Aisha, the wife of Muhammad, and Talhah and Al-Zubayr, two of the companions of Muhammad, went to Basra to tell Ali to arrest the culprits who murdered Uthman. Marwan I and other people who wanted conflict manipulated everyone to fight. The two sides clashed at the Battle of the Camel in 656, where Ali won a decisive victory. Question: When did Uthman die? Answer: 656 Question: What tribe did Ali belong to? Answer: Quraysh Question: Along with being his cousin, what relationship did Ali have to Muhammad? Answer: son-in-law Question: Where was the capital before Ali changed it? Answer: Medina Question: What does Fitna mean? Answer: civil war Question: When was Uthman born? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did Ali meet with little resistance? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Second Fitna occur? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the wife of Marwan I? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did not want conflict? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The middle of summer is hot – in July and August on the coast the average temperature is usually around 33 °C (91 °F) during the day and around 22 °C (72 °F) at night (inland, in the highlands average temperature exceeds 35 °C (95 °F)) while in the June and September on the coast the average temperature is usually around 30 °C (86 °F) during the day and around 20 °C (68 °F) at night in Limassol, while is usually around 28 °C (82 °F) during the day and around 18 °C (64 °F) at night in Paphos. Large fluctuations in temperature are rare. Inland temperatures are more extreme, with colder winters and hotter summers compared with the coast of the island. Question: When does the middle of summer occur on Cyprus? Answer: July and August Question: What is the average day temperature on the coast during summer? Answer: 33 °C (91 °F) Question: What is the average day temperature on the coast in June and September? Answer: 30 °C (86 °F) Question: Where are temperatures more extreme compared to the coast of Cyprus? Answer: Inland
Context: Arsenal Ladies are the women's football club affiliated to Arsenal. Founded in 1987, they turned semi-professional in 2002 and are managed by Clare Wheatley. Arsenal Ladies are the most successful team in English women's football. In the 2008–09 season, they won all three major English trophies – the FA Women's Premier League, FA Women's Cup and FA Women's Premier League Cup, and, as of 2009, were the only English side to have won the UEFA Women's Cup, having done so in the 2006–07 season as part of a unique quadruple. The men's and women's clubs are formally separate entities but have quite close ties; Arsenal Ladies are entitled to play once a season at the Emirates Stadium, though they usually play their home matches at Boreham Wood. Question: What is the name of the football club affiliated with Arsenal? Answer: Arsenal Ladies Question: When did the Arsenal Ladies team become semi-professional? Answer: 2002 Question: How does Arsenal Ladies rank as compared with other English women's football teams? Answer: most successful Question: By 2009 what competition has Arsenal Ladies been the only ladies team to have won? Answer: UEFA Women's Cup Question: At what stadium do Arsenal Ladies usually play? Answer: Boreham Wood. Question: In what year did Clare Wheatley start managing Arsenal Ladies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Boreham Wood built? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which team is the second most successful in English women's football? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many times a year does Arsenal Ladies play at Boreham Wood? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The influence of cubism extended to other artistic fields, outside painting and sculpture. In literature, the written works of Gertrude Stein employ repetition and repetitive phrases as building blocks in both passages and whole chapters. Most of Stein's important works utilize this technique, including the novel The Making of Americans (1906–08). Not only were they the first important patrons of Cubism, Gertrude Stein and her brother Leo were also important influences on Cubism as well. Picasso in turn was an important influence on Stein's writing. Question: Did cubism influence other fields outside of painting and scuplture? Answer: The influence of cubism extended to other artistic fields, Question: Who's written works used repitition that was similar to Cubist art? Answer: Gertrude Stein Question: What was Gertrude Stein's brother's name? Answer: Leo Question: What was the title of Gertrude Stein's 1906-1908 book? Answer: The Making of Americans Question: What artistic fields did not inspire other cubism work? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What novel came out in 2008? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote The Making of French? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was not influencial on Cubism? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The first session ended in a solemn ceremony on 8 December 1962 with the next session scheduled to occur in 1963 from 12 May to 29 June – this was announced on 12 November 1962. John XXIII's closing speech made subtle references to Pope Pius IX, and he had expressed the desire to see Pius IX beatified and eventually canonized. In his journal in 1959 during a spiritual retreat, John XXIII made this remark: "I always think of Pius IX of holy and glorious memory, and by imitating him in his sacrifices, I would like to be worthy to celebrate his canonization". Question: A solemn ceremony ended the first session on what day? Answer: 8 December 1962 Question: When was the next session scheduled? Answer: 1963 from 12 May to 29 June Question: When was the next session announced? Answer: 12 November 1962 Question: Who did John XXIII wish to see canonized? Answer: Pope Pius IX Question: When was Pope John XXIII canonized? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Pope Pius IX at a spiritual retreat? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When thinking of John XXIII, what did Pope Pius IX want to be worthy of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did Pope Pius IX remember John XXIII as being? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Pope John XXIII beatified? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The university culture developed differently in northern Europe than it did in the south, although the northern (primarily Germany, France and Great Britain) and southern universities (primarily Italy) did have many elements in common. Latin was the language of the university, used for all texts, lectures, disputations and examinations. Professors lectured on the books of Aristotle for logic, natural philosophy, and metaphysics; while Hippocrates, Galen, and Avicenna were used for medicine. Outside of these commonalities, great differences separated north and south, primarily in subject matter. Italian universities focused on law and medicine, while the northern universities focused on the arts and theology. There were distinct differences in the quality of instruction in these areas which were congruent with their focus, so scholars would travel north or south based on their interests and means. There was also a difference in the types of degrees awarded at these universities. English, French and German universities usually awarded bachelor's degrees, with the exception of degrees in theology, for which the doctorate was more common. Italian universities awarded primarily doctorates. The distinction can be attributed to the intent of the degree holder after graduation – in the north the focus tended to be on acquiring teaching positions, while in the south students often went on to professional positions. The structure of northern universities tended to be modeled after the system of faculty governance developed at the University of Paris. Southern universities tended to be patterned after the student-controlled model begun at the University of Bologna. Among the southern universities, a further distinction has been noted between those of northern Italy, which followed the pattern of Bologna as a "self-regulating, independent corporation of scholars" and those of southern Italy and Iberia, which were "founded by royal and imperial charter to serve the needs of government." Question: Which language was used in lectures in early European universities? Answer: Latin Question: For what subjects did professors use the work of Hippocrates? Answer: medicine Question: What type of subjects did the universities of northern Europe focus on? Answer: arts and theology Question: What type of degree was given out at a English university? Answer: bachelor's degrees Question: What developed differently in eastern and western Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language was used for university texts and lectures but not disputations and examinations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who lectured onAvicenna for metaphysics? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did southern universities mostly award bachelor's degrees? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did universities in southern Italy model their self regulating pattern after? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which language was used in lectures in art universities? Answer: Unanswerable Question: For what subjects did professors use the work of Bolonga? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What types of subjects did the universities of Bolonga focus on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of degree was given out at the University of Bolonga? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of degree would one likely get in iberia? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: When an inductive circuit is opened, the current through the inductance collapses quickly, creating a large voltage across the open circuit of the switch or relay. If the inductance is large enough, the energy will generate a spark, causing the contact points to oxidize, deteriorate, or sometimes weld together, or destroying a solid-state switch. A snubber capacitor across the newly opened circuit creates a path for this impulse to bypass the contact points, thereby preserving their life; these were commonly found in contact breaker ignition systems, for instance. Similarly, in smaller scale circuits, the spark may not be enough to damage the switch but will still radiate undesirable radio frequency interference (RFI), which a filter capacitor absorbs. Snubber capacitors are usually employed with a low-value resistor in series, to dissipate energy and minimize RFI. Such resistor-capacitor combinations are available in a single package. Question: What happens to the current when an inductive circuit is opened? Answer: the current through the inductance collapses quickly Question: What happens to the voltage when an inductive circuit is opened? Answer: a large voltage across the open circuit of the switch Question: What type of capacitor is used to make a path to bypass the contact points? Answer: A snubber capacitor Question: What is a typical system in which a snubber capacitor is found? Answer: contact breaker ignition systems Question: What type of capacitor absorbs radio frequency interference? Answer: a filter capacitor Question: What happens to the current when an inductive circuit is closed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens to the voltage when an inductive circuit is closed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of capacitor is used to make a path to not bypass the contact points? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a typical system in which a snubber capacitor is not found? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of capacitor dispenses radio frequency interference? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Science Fiction Hall of Fame inducted Spielberg in 2005, the first year it considered non-literary contributors. In November 2007, he was chosen for a Lifetime Achievement Award to be presented at the sixth annual Visual Effects Society Awards in February 2009. He was set to be honored with the Cecil B. DeMille Award at the January 2008 Golden Globes; however, the new, watered-down format of the ceremony resulting from conflicts in the 2007–08 writers strike, the HFPA postponed his honor to the 2009 ceremony. In 2008, Spielberg was awarded the Légion d'honneur. Question: When was Spielberg added to the Science Fiction Hall of Fame? Answer: 2005 Question: When did the Visual Effects Society give Spielberg a Lifetime Achievement Award? Answer: February 2009 Question: When did Spielberg win the Cecil B. DeMille Award? Answer: 2009 Question: Why was Spielberg's Cecil B. DeMille Award postponed from 2008? Answer: watered-down format of the ceremony resulting from conflicts in the 2007–08 writers strike Question: In what year was the Science Fiction Hall of Fame created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the first Cecil B. DeMille award handed out? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was Spielberg awarded the Legion d'honneur? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the 2009 Golden Globes award show considered to be? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How are the Science Fiction Hall of Fame induction ceremonies usually described as? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The textual critic's ultimate objective is the production of a "critical edition".[citation needed] This contains the text that the author has determined most closely approximates the original, and is accompanied by an apparatus criticus or critical apparatus. The critical apparatus presents the author's work in three parts: first, a list or description of the evidence that the editor used (names of manuscripts, or abbreviations called sigla); second, the editor's analysis of that evidence (sometimes a simple likelihood rating),[citation needed]; and third, a record of rejected variants of the text (often in order of preference).[citation needed] Question: What is included in or accompanies in "critical edition"? Answer: apparatus criticus or critical apparatus Question: What is the purpose of the critical apparatus? Answer: presents the author's work in three parts Question: What is the goal of the textual critic? Answer: a "critical edition" Question: A critical edition of a text is accompanied by what? Answer: apparatus criticus or critical apparatus. Question: What is included in the first part of the critical apparatus? Answer: a list or description of the evidence that the editor used (names of manuscripts, or abbreviations called sigla) Question: What is included in the second part of the critical apparatus? Answer: the editor's analysis of that evidence (sometimes a simple likelihood rating) Question: What is included in the final part of the critical apparatus? Answer: a record of rejected variants of the text (often in order of preference) Question: What is included in "ultimate edition"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the purpose of the rejected apparatus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many parts is in the textual apparatus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the fourth part in the critical apparatus? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Boston is surrounded by the "Greater Boston" region and is contiguously bordered by the cities and towns of Winthrop, Revere, Chelsea, Everett, Somerville, Cambridge, Newton, Brookline, Needham, Dedham, Canton, Milton, and Quincy. The Charles River separates Boston from Watertown and the majority of Cambridge, and the mass of Boston from its own Charlestown neighborhood. To the east lie Boston Harbor and the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area (which includes part of the city's territory, specifically Calf Island, Gallops Island, Great Brewster Island, Green Island, Little Brewster Island, Little Calf Island, Long Island, Lovells Island, Middle Brewster Island, Nixes Mate, Outer Brewster Island, Rainsford Island, Shag Rocks, Spectacle Island, The Graves, and Thompson Island). The Neponset River forms the boundary between Boston's southern neighborhoods and the city of Quincy and the town of Milton. The Mystic River separates Charlestown from Chelsea and Everett, and Chelsea Creek and Boston Harbor separate East Boston from Boston proper. Question: What is the name of the region that surrounds Boston? Answer: Greater Boston Question: What river seperates Boston from Charlestown? Answer: The Charles River Question: What direction from Boston is Boston Harbor? Answer: To the east Question: Calf Island and Green Island are considered part of what National Recreation Area? Answer: Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area
Context: The characteristic forms that were to define Gothic architecture grew out of Romanesque architecture and developed at several different geographic locations, as the result of different influences and structural requirements. While barrel vaults and groin vaults are typical of Romanesque architecture, ribbed vaults were used in the naves of two Romanesque churches in Caen, Abbey of Saint-Étienne and Abbaye aux Dames in 1120. Another early example is the nave and apse area of the Cathedral of Cefalù in 1131. The ribbed vault over the north transept at Durham Cathedral in England, built from 1128 to 1133, is probably earlier still and was the first time pointed arches were used in a high vault. Question: The distinctive forms that describe Gothic architecture developed out of which style? Answer: Romanesque Question: Barrel and groin vaults are examples of what kind of architecture? Answer: Romanesque architecture Question: What type of vaults were used in the Abbey of Saint-Étienne and Abbaye aux Dames? Answer: ribbed vaults Question: When was Durham Cathedral constructed? Answer: from 1128 to 1133 Question: What cathedral first made use of pointed arches in high vaults? Answer: Durham Cathedral in England Question: What style helped to destroy Gothic architecture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of vaults were lost in the Abbey of Saint-Étienne and Abbaye aux Dames? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Durham Cathedral abandoned? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What cathedral last made use of pointed arches in low vaults? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A diverse range of indigenous cultures exist in Myanmar, the majority culture is primarily Buddhist and Bamar. Bamar culture has been influenced by the cultures of neighbouring countries. This is manifested in its language, cuisine, music, dance and theatre. The arts, particularly literature, have historically been influenced by the local form of Theravada Buddhism. Considered the national epic of Myanmar, the Yama Zatdaw, an adaptation of India's Ramayana, has been influenced greatly by Thai, Mon, and Indian versions of the play. Buddhism is practised along with nat worship, which involves elaborate rituals to propitiate one from a pantheon of 37 nats. Question: What are the pervasive culture that is sanctioned in Burma ? Answer: the majority culture is primarily Buddhist and Bamar. Question: Have these cultures developed on there own over time ? Answer: Bamar culture has been influenced by the cultures of neighbouring countries Question: What type of effect did Theravada Buddhism.have on Bamar? Answer: The arts, particularly literature, have historically been influenced by the local form of Theravada Buddhism Question: What is the connection between an insect that has devotional following and Buddhism ? Answer: Buddhism is practised along with nat worship, which involves elaborate rituals to propitiate one from a pantheon of 37 nats.
Context: The black-body problem was revisited in 1905, when Rayleigh and Jeans (on the one hand) and Einstein (on the other hand) independently proved that classical electromagnetism could never account for the observed spectrum. These proofs are commonly known as the "ultraviolet catastrophe", a name coined by Paul Ehrenfest in 1911. They contributed greatly (along with Einstein's work on the photoelectric effect) to convincing physicists that Planck's postulate of quantized energy levels was more than a mere mathematical formalism. The very first Solvay Conference in 1911 was devoted to "the theory of radiation and quanta". Max Planck received the 1918 Nobel Prize in Physics "in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta". Question: Einstein and what other two individuals revisited the black-body problem in 1905? Answer: Rayleigh and Jeans Question: Who came up with the term, "ultraviolet catastrophe"? Answer: Paul Ehrenfest Question: When did Paul Ehrenfest come up with the name "ultraviolet catastrophe"? Answer: 1911 Question: When was the first Solvay Conference held? Answer: 1911 Question: Who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918? Answer: Max Planck Question: What did Rayleigh & Jeans and Einstein prove independently in 1905? Answer: classical electromagnetism could never account for the observed spectrum Question: What name did Paul Ehrenfest give to the proofs from Einstein and Rayleigh & Jeans? Answer: the "ultraviolet catastrophe" Question: When was the first Solvay Conference held? Answer: 1911 Question: What was the topic of the first Solvay Conference? Answer: "the theory of radiation and quanta" Question: In what year did Planck receive the Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of energy quanta? Answer: 1918 Question: What other two individuals aside from Einstein revisited the black-body problem in 1945? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who never used the term, "ultraviolet catastrophe"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the last Solvay Conference held? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who refused the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1918? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who received the Nobel Prize in Physics based on the destruction of energy quanta? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1975, Sadat shifted Nasser's economic policies and sought to use his popularity to reduce government regulations and encourage foreign investment through his program of Infitah. Through this policy, incentives such as reduced taxes and import tariffs attracted some investors, but investments were mainly directed at low risk and profitable ventures like tourism and construction, abandoning Egypt's infant industries. Even though Sadat's policy was intended to modernise Egypt and assist the middle class, it mainly benefited the higher class, and, because of the elimination of subsidies on basic foodstuffs, led to the 1977 Egyptian Bread Riots. Question: What was encouraged through Infitah? Answer: foreign investment Question: What tools did Infitah use to attract investment? Answer: reduced taxes and import tariffs Question: What occured in 1977? Answer: Egyptian Bread Riots. Question: What was largely ignored and upset many of Sadat's polidy? Answer: elimination of subsidies on basic foodstuffs
Context: Industry is diversified, ranging from automotive (Volkswagen Autoeuropa and Peugeot Citroen), aerospace (Embraer and OGMA), electronics and textiles, to food, chemicals, cement and wood pulp. Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa motor vehicle assembly plant in Palmela is among the largest foreign direct investment projects in Portugal. Modern non-traditional technology-based industries, such as aerospace, biotechnology and information technology, have been developed in several locations across the country. Alverca, Covilhã, Évora, and Ponte de Sor are the main centres of the Portuguese aerospace industry, which is led by Brazil-based company Embraer and the Portuguese company OGMA. Following the turn of the 21st century, many major biotechnology and information technology industries have been founded, and are concentrated in the metropolitan areas of Lisbon, Porto, Braga, Coimbra and Aveiro.[citation needed] Question: What automotive brands exist in Portugal? Answer: Volkswagen Autoeuropa and Peugeot Citroen Question: What aerospace companies exist in Portugal? Answer: Embraer and OGMA Question: Where is Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa assembly plant located? Answer: Palmela Question: What are the main centers for the Portuguese aerospace industries? Answer: Alverca, Covilhã, Évora, and Ponte de Sor Question: Where are the main centers of the biotech and IT industries located? Answer: Lisbon, Porto, Braga, Coimbra and Aveiro
Context: The root system and the shoot system are interdependent – the usually nonphotosynthetic root system depends on the shoot system for food, and the usually photosynthetic shoot system depends on water and minerals from the root system. Cells in each system are capable of creating cells of the other and producing adventitious shoots or roots. Stolons and tubers are examples of shoots that can grow roots. Roots that spread out close to the surface, such as those of willows, can produce shoots and ultimately new plants. In the event that one of the systems is lost, the other can often regrow it. In fact it is possible to grow an entire plant from a single leaf, as is the case with Saintpaulia, or even a single cell – which can dedifferentiate into a callus (a mass of unspecialised cells) that can grow into a new plant. In vascular plants, the xylem and phloem are the conductive tissues that transport resources between shoots and roots. Roots are often adapted to store food such as sugars or starch, as in sugar beets and carrots. Question: Do the roots and shoots need each other? Answer: interdependent Question: What do the roots get from the shoots? Answer: food Question: What do the shoots get from the roots? Answer: water and minerals Question: What are roots used for in beets and carrots? Answer: to store food Question: What happens if a plant looses roots or its shoots? Answer: can often regrow it
Context: In 2008, biochemist Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk (Russian: Борис Аркадьевич Малярчук) et al. of the Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, Russia, used a sample (n=279) of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of "Mongoloid" "mtDNA lineages". Malyarchuk found Czech mtDNA lineages were typical of "Slavic populations" with "1.8%" Mongoloid mtDNA lineage. Malyarchuk added that "Slavic populations" "almost always" contain Mongoloid mtDNA lineage. Malyarchuk said the Mongoloid component of Slavic people was partially added before the split of "Balto-Slavics" in 2,000–3,000 BC with additional Mongoloid mixture occurring among Slavics in the last 4,000 years. Malyarchuk said the "Russian population" was developed by the "assimilation of the indigenous pre-Slavic population of Eastern Europe by true Slavs" with additional "assimilation of Finno-Ugric populations" and "long-lasting" interactions with the populations of "Siberia" and "Central Asia". Malyarchuk said that other Slavs "Mongoloid component" was increased during the waves of migration from "steppe populations (Huns, Avars, Bulgars and Mongols)", especially the decay of the "Avar Khaganate". Question: When did Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk use a sample of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of "Monigoloid" "mtDNA lineages"? Answer: 2008 Question: Who used a sample of Czech individuals to determine the frequency of "Monigoloid" "mtDNA lineages"? Answer: Boris Arkadievich Malyarchuk Question: Malyarchuk found Czech mtDNA lineages were typical of what populations? Answer: Slavic populations Question: Malyarchuk said the Mongoloid component of Slavic people was partially added before the split of "Balto-Slavics" in what time period? Answer: Malyarchuk said that other Slavs "Mongoloid component" was increased during the waves of migration from "steppe populations Question: Malyarchuk said that other Slavs "Mongoloid component" was increased during the waves of migration from what populations? Answer: steppe populations Question: What was the name of the Czech individual tested? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What assimilated the Russian population? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the steppe population migration? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many biochemists were involved in the study? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of Finno-Ugric populations have Mongoloid mtDNA lineage? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the Hesiodic Catalogue of Women, Graecus is presented as the son of Zeus and Pandora II, sister of Hellen the patriarch of Hellenes. Hellen was the son of Deucalion who ruled around Phthia in central Greece. The Parian Chronicle mentions that when Deucalion became king of Phthia, the previously called Graikoi were named Hellenes. Aristotle notes that the Hellenes were related with Grai/Greeks (Meteorologica I.xiv) a native name of a Dorian tribe in Epirus which was used by the Illyrians. He also claims that the great deluge must have occurred in the region around Dodona, where the Selloi dwelt. However, according to the Greek tradition it is more possible that the homeland of the Greeks was originally in central Greece. A modern theory derives the name Greek (Latin Graeci) from Graikos, "inhabitant of Graia/Graea," a town on the coast of Boeotia. Greek colonists from Graia helped to found Cumae (900 BC) in Italy, where they were called Graeces. When the Romans encountered them they used this name for the colonists and then for all Greeks (Graeci.) The word γραῖα graia "old woman" comes from the PIE root ǵerh2-/ǵreh2-, "to grow old" via Proto-Greek gera-/grau-iu; the same root later gave γέρας geras (/keras/), "gift of honour" in Mycenean Greek. The Germanic languages borrowed the word Greeks with an initial "k" sound which probably was their initial sound closest to the Latin "g" at the time (Goth. Kreks). The area out of ancient Attica including Boeotia was called Graïke and is connected with the older deluge of Ogyges, the mythological ruler of Boeotia. The region was originally occupied by the Minyans who were autochthonous or Proto-Greek speaking people. In ancient Greek the name Ogygios came to mean "from earliest days". Question: what does the author of the mortal female focused early example hexameter poetry say of the Hellenic protector ? Answer: Hellen was the son of Deucalion who ruled around Phthia in central Greece. Question: What caused a name change according to the Chronicles of Parian ? Answer: the previously called Graikoi were named Hellenes. Question: Where do modern theorist believe the name of Greek originated from ? Answer: A modern theory derives the name Greek (Latin Graeci) from Graikos, "inhabitant of Graia/Graea," a town on the coast of Boeotia. Question: What is the origins of the term "old woman " ? Answer: word γραῖα graia "old woman" comes from the PIE root ǵerh2-/ǵreh2-, "to grow old" via Proto-Greek gera-/grau-iu Question: what does the author of the mortal female focused late example hexameter poetry say of the Hellenic protector? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What didn't cause a name change according to the Chronicles of Parian Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where do ancient theorist believe the name of Greek originated from Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the origins of the term "old man "? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Central African Republic (CAR; Sango: Ködörösêse tî Bêafrîka; French: République centrafricaine pronounced: [ʁepyblik sɑ̃tʁafʁikɛn], or Centrafrique [sɑ̃tʀafʁik]) is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Chad to the north, Sudan to the northeast, South Sudan to the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo to the south and Cameroon to the west. The CAR covers a land area of about 620,000 square kilometres (240,000 sq mi) and had an estimated population of around 4.7 million as of 2014[update]. Question: Where is the Central African Republic located? Answer: Central Africa Question: What country borders CAR in the North? Answer: Chad Question: What Country borders CAR in the South? Answer: the Republic of the Congo Question: What Country borders CAR in the West? Answer: Cameroon Question: What is the population of CAR approximately? Answer: 4.7 million Question: In what part of Africa is Chad landlocked? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the land area of Chad? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the population of Sudan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country is bordered by Cameroon to the north? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the population of Cameroon as of 2014? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The 2014 scheduled beginning proved to be too ambitious for the group; its official website now cites an anticipated beginning of professional play in 2016 and shows photos from a six-team collegiate tournament staged in early November, 2015 Question: When does the CAFL plan on start its first season? Answer: 2016 Question: When was the abortive first CAFL season supposed to have taken place? Answer: 2014 Question: How many teams participated in the 2015 CAFL tournament? Answer: six Question: In what month did the CAFL tournament occur? Answer: November
Context: The novel has been noted for its poignant exploration of different forms of courage. Scout's impulsive inclination to fight students who insult Atticus reflects her attempt to stand up for him and defend him. Atticus is the moral center of the novel, however, and he teaches Jem one of the most significant lessons of courage. In a statement that foreshadows Atticus' motivation for defending Tom Robinson and describes Mrs. Dubose, who is determined to break herself of a morphine addiction, Atticus tells Jem that courage is "when you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and you see it through no matter what". Question: Mrs. Dubose suffers from an addiction to what? Answer: morphine Question: Who is the moral center of the novel? Answer: Atticus Question: The novel explores various forms of what trait? Answer: courage
Context: Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language and has the highest number of speakers. It is spoken in the densely populated regions of the Barcelona province, the eastern half of the province of Tarragona, and most of the province of Girona. Question: What comprises the standard pronunciation of Catalan? Answer: Central Catalan Question: Where are the most speakers found? Answer: Central Catalan Question: In what densely populated area is it spoken? Answer: Barcelona province Question: What part of the province of Tarragona is Central Catalan spoken? Answer: eastern half
Context: In the next two years, the company established its first factory in south India in the town of Machilipatnam on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. The high profits reported by the company after landing in India initially prompted King James I to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England. But in 1609 he renewed the charter given to the company for an indefinite period, including a clause that specified that the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years. Question: In 1609 the charter was renewed for what period of time? Answer: indefinite Question: what would happen if the trade did not return a profit for at least 3 years? Answer: charter would cease to be in force Question: why did King James I licence other trading companies from england? Answer: high profits Question: Where was the first factory in south India? Answer: Machilipatnam Question: What initially moved King James 1 to grant subsidiary licences to other trading companies in England? Answer: high profits Question: While the company was giving an indefinite period when renewing thier charter what clause did King james use to make sure the company stayed profitable Answer: the charter would cease to be in force if the trade turned unprofitable for three consecutive years. Question: how many years did the Merchants of London have to become profitabl when their charter was renewed by king james? Answer: three consecutive years Question: Where was the worst factory in south India? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What period of time was the charter banned for in 1609? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What would happen if the trade did not return a profit for at least eight consecutive years? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did King James IX licence other trading companies from England? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, Montevideo had a population of 1,325,968 persons, compared to Uruguay's total population of 3,241,003. The female population was 707,697 (53.4%) while the male population accounted for 618,271 (46.6%). The population had declined since the previous census carried out in 1996, with an average annual growth rate of −1.5 per thousand. Continual decline has been documented since the census period of 1975–1985, which showed a rate of −5.6 per thousand. The decrease is due in large part to lowered fertility, partly offset by mortality, and to a smaller degree in migration. The birth rate declined by 19% from 1996 (17 per thousand) to 2004 (13.8 per thousand). Similarly, the total fertility rate (TFR) declined from 2.24 in 1996 to 1.79 in 2004. However, mortality continued to fall with life expectancy at birth for both sexes increasing by 1.73 years. Question: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, what was Montevideo's population? Answer: 1,325,968 persons Question: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, what was Uruguay's population? Answer: 3,241,003 Question: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, what was Montevideo's female population? Answer: 707,697 Question: According to the census survey carried out between 15 June and 31 July 2004, what was Montevideo's male population? Answer: 618,271
Context: Recessed lighting (often called "pot lights" in Canada, "can lights" or 'high hats" in the US) is popular, with fixtures mounted into the ceiling structure so as to appear flush with it. These downlights can use narrow beam spotlights, or wider-angle floodlights, both of which are bulbs having their own reflectors. There are also downlights with internal reflectors designed to accept common 'A' lamps (light bulbs) which are generally less costly than reflector lamps. Downlights can be incandescent, fluorescent, HID (high intensity discharge) or LED. Question: What type of lighting can be mounted in the ceiling to appear flush? Answer: Recessed lighting
Context: The Times Digital Archive (1785–2008) is freely accessible via Gale databases to readers affiliated with subscribing academic, public, and school libraries. Question: What is the name of the digital archive that holds The Times historical archive? Answer: The Times Digital Archive Question: The Times historical archive is freely accessible online from what database? Answer: Gale databases Question: What kind of reader can subscribe to the digital archive of The Times? Answer: academic

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