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Context: The transcribed pre-mRNA contains untranslated regions at both ends which contain a ribosome binding site, terminator and start and stop codons. In addition, most eukaryotic open reading frames contain untranslated introns which are removed before the exons are translated. The sequences at the ends of the introns, dictate the splice sites to generate the final mature mRNA which encodes the protein or RNA product. Question: What is at both ends of the transcribed pre-mRNA? Answer: untranslated regions Question: Where are the ribosome binding site, terminator and start and stop codons located on transcribed pre-mRNA? Answer: untranslated regions Question: What do most eukaryotic open reading frames contain? Answer: untranslated introns Question: What dictates the splice sites to generate the final mature mRNA? Answer: The sequences at the ends of the introns Question: What encodes the protein or RNA product? Answer: the splice sites to generate the final mature mRNA
Context: The Thomson Corporation management were struggling to run the business due to the 1979 Energy Crisis and union demands. Management were left with no choice but to find a buyer who was in a position to guarantee the survival of both titles, and also one who had the resources and was committed to funding the introduction of modern printing methods. Question: In 1979, which corporation was struggling to run The Times? Answer: Thomson Corporation Question: What crisis in 1979 caused near ruin to The Times? Answer: 1979 Energy Crisis Question: What kind of demands were causing ruin to The Times in 1979? Answer: union demands
Context: The Berbers along the Barbary Coast (modern day Libya) sent pirates to capture merchant ships and hold the crews for ransom. The U.S. paid protection money until 1801, when President Thomas Jefferson refused to pay and sent in the Navy to challenge the Barbary States, the First Barbary War followed. After the U.S.S. Philadelphia was captured in 1803, Lieutenant Stephen Decatur led a raid which successfully burned the captured ship, preventing Tripoli from using or selling it. In 1805, after William Eaton captured the city of Derna, Tripoli agreed to a peace treaty. The other Barbary states continued to raid U.S. shipping, until the Second Barbary War in 1815 ended the practice. Question: Where was the Barbary Coast? Answer: modern day Libya Question: Who sent pirates to capture merchant ships? Answer: The Berbers Question: How did the United States initially deal with this problem? Answer: The U.S. paid protection money until 1801 Question: What American naval officer led a raid that destroyed a captured American ship? Answer: Stephen Decatur Question: What city did William Eaton capture to end the first Barbary War? Answer: Derna Question: Where was the Burrberry Coast? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who sent pirates to befriend merchant ships? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did the UK initially deal with this problem? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What African naval officer led a raid that destroyed a captured African ship? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What city did William Eaton befriend to end the first Barbary War? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In February 1918, he was appointed Officer in Charge of Boys at the Royal Naval Air Service's training establishment at Cranwell. With the establishment of the Royal Air Force two months later and the transfer of Cranwell from Navy to Air Force control, he transferred from the Royal Navy to the Royal Air Force. He was appointed Officer Commanding Number 4 Squadron of the Boys' Wing at Cranwell until August 1918, before reporting to the RAF's Cadet School at St Leonards-on-Sea where he completed a fortnight's training and took command of a squadron on the Cadet Wing. He was the first member of the royal family to be certified as a fully qualified pilot. During the closing weeks of the war, he served on the staff of the RAF's Independent Air Force at its headquarters in Nancy, France. Following the disbanding of the Independent Air Force in November 1918, he remained on the Continent for two months as a staff officer with the Royal Air Force until posted back to Britain. He accompanied the Belgian monarch King Albert on his triumphal reentry into Brussels on 22 November. Prince Albert qualified as an RAF pilot on 31 July 1919 and gained a promotion to squadron leader on the following day. Question: What position was Albert appointed at Cranwell? Answer: Officer in Charge of Boys at the Royal Naval Air Service Question: Which number squadron was Albert appointed commanding officer in 1918? Answer: 4 Question: What year did Albert become a RAF pilot? Answer: 1919 Question: Who was the king of Belgium in 1918? Answer: King Albert Question: In what year was the Royal Air Force established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the Royal Navy's headquarters? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date did the World War end? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date in November 1918 was the Independent Air Force disbanded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did King Albert have to leave Belgium? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The history of Indian Buddhism may be divided into five periods: Early Buddhism (occasionally called Pre-sectarian Buddhism), Nikaya Buddhism or Sectarian Buddhism: The period of the Early Buddhist schools, Early Mahayana Buddhism, Later Mahayana Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism (also called Vajrayana Buddhism). Question: The periods of Buddhisma in India is divided into how many periods? Answer: five Question: What is the first period of Buddhism called? Answer: Early Buddhism Question: What is another name for Nikaya buddhism? Answer: Sectarian Question: What is the last period of Buddhism? Answer: Esoteric Buddhism Question: What is Esoteric Buddhism also called? Answer: Vajrayana
Context: Morning (2008) looked at high school biology textbooks during the 1952-2002 period and initially found a similar pattern with only 35% directly discussing race in the 1983–92 period from initially 92% doing so. However, this has increased somewhat after this to 43%. More indirect and brief discussions of race in the context of medical disorders have increased from none to 93% of textbooks. In general, the material on race has moved from surface traits to genetics and evolutionary history. The study argues that the textbooks' fundamental message about the existence of races has changed little. Question: What did Morning find when he looked at biology textbooks during the 1952-2002 period? Answer: similar pattern Question: How many of the textbooks between 1983 and 1992 discussed race? Answer: 35% Question: After 1992, what did the percentage of textbooks discussing race increase to? Answer: 43% Question: What percentage have discussions of race in the context of medical disorders increased from zero to? Answer: 93% Question: What does the study argue about the fundamental message regarding the existence of races? Answer: changed little
Context: Portugal is defined as a Mediterranean climate (Csa in the South, interior, and Douro region; Csb in the North, Central Portugal and coastal Alentejo; mixed oceanic climate along the northern half of the coastline and also Semi-arid climate or Steppe climate (BSk in certain parts of Beja district far South) according to the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification), and is one of the warmest European countries: the annual average temperature in mainland Portugal varies from 8–12 °C (46.4–53.6 °F) in the mountainous interior north to 16–19 °C (60.8–66.2 °F) in the south and on the Guadiana river basin. The Algarve, separated from the Alentejo region by mountains reaching up to 900 metres (3,000 ft) in Alto de Fóia, has a climate similar to that of the southern coastal areas of Spain or Southwest Australia. Question: What type of climate does Portugal have? Answer: Mediterranean Question: In the mountainous interior north of Portugal, between what degrees is the average temperature? Answer: 8–12 °C (46.4–53.6 °F) Question: In the south of Portugal and on the Guadiana river basin, between what degrees does the average temperature fluctuate? Answer: 16–19 °C (60.8–66.2 °F) Question: How high do the mountains between Algarve and the Alentejo region reach? Answer: 900 metres (3,000 ft)
Context: An alternative view offered by Richard Dawkins is of predation as a form of competition: the genes of both the predator and prey are competing for the body (or 'survival machine') of the prey organism. This is best understood in the context of the gene centered view of evolution. Another manner in which predation and competition are connected is throughout intraguild predation. Intraguild predators are those that kill and eat other predators of different species at the same trophic level, and thus that are potential competitors. Question: Intraguild species consumer other species within? Answer: the same trophic level Question: Who proposes the concept of the "survival machine?" Answer: Richard Dawkins Question: The argument of the "survival machines" proposes that what two species are competing for the same genes? Answer: both the predator and prey Question: Intraguild species may try to consume each other because they are? Answer: potential competitors Question: Who described predation by describing competing genes within the predator? Answer: Richard Dawkins Question: To what part of the prey does Richard Dawkins refer to as the "survival machine"? Answer: the body Question: What are intraguild predators? Answer: those that kill and eat other predators of different species at the same trophic level Question: What term is used to decribe predators that prey on their own competition? Answer: Intraguild Question: Which version of evolutionary theory is easiest to use when explaining predation as competition? Answer: gene centered view Question: What did Richard Dawkins think prey eating each other was a form of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why do prey species try to hunt each other? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a term that means one prey species eating another? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one thing that makes prey faster at hunting for another prey species? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What view helps you understand why prey eat each other? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Around the world, there are many traditional and ancient starch-based drinks classed as beer. In Africa, there are various ethnic beers made from sorghum or millet, such as Oshikundu in Namibia and Tella in Ethiopia. Kyrgyzstan also has a beer made from millet; it is a low alcohol, somewhat porridge-like drink called "Bozo". Bhutan, Nepal, Tibet and Sikkim also use millet in Chhaang, a popular semi-fermented rice/millet drink in the eastern Himalayas. Further east in China are found Huangjiu and Choujiu—traditional rice-based beverages related to beer. Question: What type of starch is used to make the beer Oshikundu? Answer: sorghum or millet Question: In what country is the beer Oshikundu produced? Answer: Namibia Question: In what country is the beer Tella produced? Answer: Ethiopia Question: What is the name of the millet based porridge like beer made in Kyrgystan? Answer: Bozo Question: What is a beer-like beverage in China that is made with rice? Answer: Choujiu Question: What are various beers made from in Ethiopia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a popular beverage in the far eastern Himalayas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the rice based Oshikundu found? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the solar year is longer than the lunar year this originally entailed the use of "escape years" every so often when the number of the fiscal year would jump. From 1 March 1917 the fiscal year became Gregorian, rather than Julian. On 1 January 1926 the use of the Gregorian calendar was extended to include use for general purposes and the number of the year became the same as in other countries. Question: What calendar did Turkey use before 1917 for general purposes? Answer: lunar Islamic Question: What calendar did Turkey utilize for fiscal purposes? Answer: Julian Question: Where did Turkey start the fiscal year? Answer: 1 March Question: When did Turkey begin to use the Gregorian calendar for fiscal means? Answer: 1 March 1917 Question: When did Turkey start using the Gregorian calendar for all purposes? Answer: 1 January 1926 Question: Who use the lunar Islamic calendar until the nineteenth century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who use the Hegira era is a fiscal calendar? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was used to set the year number? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was needed because the lunar year is longer than the solar year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Turkey start using for all purposes on March 1, 1917? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: These first European HDTV broadcasts used the 1080i format with MPEG-2 compression on a DVB-S signal from SES's Astra 1H satellite. Euro1080 transmissions later changed to MPEG-4/AVC compression on a DVB-S2 signal in line with subsequent broadcast channels in Europe. Question: What format did the first European HDTV broadcast use? Answer: 1080i format Question: What compression did the first European HDTV broadcast use? Answer: MPEG-2 Question: What signal did the first European HDTV broadcast use? Answer: DVB-S Question: What compression did Euro1080 later change to? Answer: MPEG-4/AVC Question: What signal did Euro1080 later change to? Answer: DVB-S2 Question: What format did the first European SDTV broadcast use? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What compression did the first Asian HDTV broadcast use? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What signal did the first European SDTV broadcast use? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What compression did Euro1180 later change to? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Reptiles such as adders and vipers live up to the snow line; because they cannot bear the cold temperatures they hibernate underground and soak up the warmth on rocky ledges. The high-altitude Alpine salamanders have adapted to living above the snow line by giving birth to fully developed young rather than laying eggs. Brown trout can be found in the streams up to the snow line. Molluscs such as the wood snail live up the snow line. Popularly gathered as food, the snails are now protected. Question: Why do reptiles only live up to the snow line? Answer: they cannot bear the cold temperatures Question: What do reptiles due since they cannot bear the cold temperatures? Answer: they hibernate underground Question: How have the Alpine salamanders adapted to living above the snow line? Answer: by giving birth to fully developed young rather than laying eggs Question: What can be found in the streams up to the snow line? Answer: Brown trout
Context: After the success of his song "Jesus Walks" from the album The College Dropout, West was questioned on his beliefs and said, "I will say that I'm spiritual. I have accepted Jesus as my Savior. And I will say that I fall short every day." More recently, in September 2014, West referred to himself as a Christian during one of his concerts. Question: What are Kanye's religious beliefs? Answer: Christian Question: "Jesus Walks" was on which of Kanye's albums? Answer: The College Dropout Question: September of 2014, Kanye called himself a what during one of his concerts? Answer: Christian
Context: During the second half of the 19th century the bourgeoisie encouraged the development of the city and its environs; land-owners were enriched by the introduction of the orange crop and the expansion of vineyards and other crops,. This economic boom corresponded with a revival of local traditions and of the Valencian language, which had been ruthlessly suppressed from the time of Philip V. Around 1870, the Valencian Renaissance, a movement committed to the revival of the Valencian language and traditions, began to gain ascendancy. In its early stages the movement inclined to the romanticism of the poet Teodor Llorente, and resisted the more assertive remonstrances of Constantine Llombart, founder of the still extant cultural society, Lo Rat Penat, which is dedicated to the promotion and dissemination of the Valencian language and culture. Question: Who had suppressed the Valencian language? Answer: Philip V Question: What group still exists and promotes Valencian culture? Answer: Lo Rat Penat Question: Who founded Lo Rat Penat? Answer: Constantine Llombart Question: What poet was an early influence on the Valencian Renaissance? Answer: Teodor Llorente Question: Who got rich from the Valencian orange crop and vineyards? Answer: land-owners
Context: Israel was established as a homeland for the Jewish people and is often referred to as a Jewish state. The country's Law of Return grants all Jews and those of Jewish ancestry the right to Israeli citizenship. Over three quarters, or 75.5%, of the population are Jews from a diversity of Jewish backgrounds. Around 4% of Israelis (300,000), ethnically defined as "others", are Russian descendants of Jewish origin or family who are not Jewish according to rabbinical law, but were eligible for Israeli citizenship under the Law of Return. Approximately 75% of Israeli Jews are born in Israel, 17% are immigrants from Europe and the Americas, and 8% are immigrants from Asia and Africa (including the Arab World). Jews from Europe and the former Soviet Union and their descendants born in Israel, including Ashkenazi Jews, constitute approximately 50% of Jewish Israelis. Jews who left or fled Arab and Muslim countries and their descendants, including both Mizrahi and Sephardi Jews, form most of the rest of the Jewish population. Jewish intermarriage rates run at over 35% and recent studies suggest that the percentage of Israelis descended from both Sephardi and Ashkenazi Jews increases by 0.5 percent every year, with over 25% of school children now originating from both communities. Question: What's the homeland for Jewish people? Answer: Israel Question: Approximately how many Israeli Jews are born in Israel? Answer: 75% Question: What percent are Jewish intermarriage rates at? Answer: 35%
Context: Switzerland has one of the best environmental records among nations in the developed world; it was one of the countries to sign the Kyoto Protocol in 1998 and ratified it in 2003. With Mexico and the Republic of Korea it forms the Environmental Integrity Group (EIG). The country is heavily active in recycling and anti-littering regulations and is one of the top recyclers in the world, with 66% to 96% of recyclable materials being recycled, depending on the area of the country. The 2014 Global Green Economy Index ranked Switzerland among the top 10 green economies in the world. Question: When did Switzerland sign the Kyoto Protocol? Answer: 1998 Question: When did Switzerland ratify the Kyoto Protocol Answer: 2003 Question: What was formed by Switzerland, Mexico, and the Republic of Korea? Answer: Environmental Integrity Group (EIG) Question: What percentage of recyclable materials are being recycled in Switzerland? Answer: 66% to 96% Question: How did the 2010 Global Green Economy Index rank Switzerland? Answer: among the top 10 green economies in the world
Context: West's outspoken views and ventures outside of music have received significant mainstream attention. He has been a frequent source of controversy and public scrutiny for his conduct at award shows, on social media, and in other public settings. His more publicized comments include his declaration that President George W. Bush "doesn't care about black people" during a live 2005 television broadcast for Hurricane Katrina relief, and his interruption of singer Taylor Swift at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards. West's efforts as a designer include collaborations with Nike, Louis Vuitton, and A.P.C. on both clothing and footwear, and have most prominently resulted in the Yeezy Season collaboration with Adidas beginning in 2013. He is the founder and head of the creative content company DONDA. Question: What President did Kanye West insult on air in 2005? Answer: George W. Bush Question: Whose speech did Kanye West ruin at the 2009 MTV Awards? Answer: Taylor Swift Question: What fashion items does Kanye West design? Answer: clothing and footwear Question: What company did Kanye West begin? Answer: DONDA Question: What year did Kanye West begin working with Adidas? Answer: 2013
Context: Ruling elders are usually laymen (and laywomen in some denominations) who are elected by the congregation and ordained to serve with the teaching elders, assuming responsibility for nurture and leadership of the congregation. Often, especially in larger congregations, the elders delegate the practicalities of buildings, finance, and temporal ministry to the needy in the congregation to a distinct group of officers (sometimes called deacons, which are ordained in some denominations). This group may variously be known as a "Deacon Board", "Board of Deacons" "Diaconate", or "Deacons' Court". These are sometimes known as "presbyters" to the full congregation. Question: Who elects the ruling elders? Answer: the congregation Question: In very large congregations, what do the elders delegate? Answer: practicalities of buildings, finance, and temporal ministry Question: There's a group of officers in the congregation, what other names are they also known by? Answer: deacons Question: The congregation consists of laymen elected by who? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Ruling elders are elected by laymen and ordained to do what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Especially in small congregations, elders are known to delegate what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one way a distinct group of laymen is referred to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Teaching elders are ordained to serve with who? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Duke of Wellington is often incorrectly quoted as saying that "The Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing-fields of Eton". Wellington was at Eton from 1781 to 1784 and was to send his sons there. According to Nevill (citing the historian Sir Edward Creasy), what Wellington said, while passing an Eton cricket match many decades later, was, "There grows the stuff that won Waterloo", a remark Nevill construes as a reference to "the manly character induced by games and sport" amongst English youth generally, not a comment about Eton specifically. In 1889, Sir William Fraser conflated this uncorroborated remark with the one attributed to him by Count Charles de Montalembert's "C'est ici qu'a été gagné la bataille de Waterloo" ("It is here that the Battle of Waterloo was won.") Question: Who was incorrctly quoted in saying "The Battle of Waterloo was won on the playing-fields of Eton"? Answer: Duke of Wellington Question: During what years was the Duke of Wellington at Eton? Answer: 1781 to 1784 Question: What "stuff" won Waterloo, according to Wellington? Answer: the manly character induced by games and sport Question: What years did Nevill attend Eton? Answer: Unanswerable Question: For what years did Sir William Fraser attend Eton? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the Duke of Wellington? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Charles de Montalembert made a Duke? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Edward Creasy made a Sir? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: This annexation was one of the direct causes of the brief and bloody War of the Reunions whose outcome left the French in possession. The French annexation was recognized by the Treaty of Ryswick (1697). The official policy of religious intolerance which drove most Protestants from France after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685 was not applied in Strasbourg and in Alsace, because both had a special status as a province à l'instar de l'étranger effectif (a kind of foreign province of the king of France). Strasbourg Cathedral, however, was taken from the Lutherans to be returned to the Catholics as the French authorities tried to promote Catholicism wherever they could (some other historic churches remained in Protestant hands). Its language also remained overwhelmingly German: the German Lutheran university persisted until the French Revolution. Famous students included Goethe and Herder. Question: What was one of the causes of the War of the Reunions? Answer: annexation Question: When was the French annexation recognized by the Treaty of Ryswick? Answer: 1697 Question: What church was taken from the Lutherans and returned to the Catholics? Answer: Strasbourg Cathedral Question: Who were the famous students that attended German Lutheran University? Answer: Goethe and Herder Question: In what year did the War of the Reunions start? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What nationality did the French fight in the War of the Reunions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Goethe graduate from the German Lutheran University? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did the Lutherans take possession of Strasbourg Cathedral? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What religion were most Germans during this time? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The city proper is home to less than one-thirteenth of the population of South Florida. Miami is the 42nd-most populous city in the United States. The Miami metropolitan area, which includes Miami-Dade, Broward and Palm Beach counties, had a combined population of more than 5.5 million people, ranked seventh largest in the United States, and is the largest metropolitan area in the Southeastern United States. As of 2008[update], the United Nations estimates that the Miami Urban Agglomeration is the 44th-largest in the world. Question: What fraction of the southern Florida population lives in Miami? Answer: one-thirteenth Question: Where does Miami rank in population among US cities? Answer: 42nd Question: Along with Palm Beach and Miami-Dade, what county is part of the Miami-Dade metropolitan area? Answer: Broward Question: How many people live in the Miami-Dade metropolitan area? Answer: 5.5 million Question: Where does Miami-Dade rank in population among metropolitan areas in the US? Answer: seventh Question: What fraction of the northern Florida population lives in Miami? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does Miami rank in population among UN cities? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Along with Palm Beach and Miami-Dade, what county isn't part of the Miami-Dade metropolitan area? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people live out the Miami-Dade metropolitan area? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does Miami-Dade rank in population among metropolitan areas in the UN? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Residents of Oklahoma City suffered substantial losses on April 19, 1995 when Timothy McVeigh detonated a bomb in front of the Murrah building. The building was destroyed (the remnants of which had to be imploded in a controlled demolition later that year), more than 100 nearby buildings suffered severe damage, and 168 people were killed. The site has been commemorated as the Oklahoma City National Memorial and Museum. Since its opening in 2000, over three million people have visited. Every year on April 19, survivors, families and friends return to the memorial to read the names of each person lost. Question: What is the name of the newly renovated site where the bombing occured? Answer: Oklahoma City National Memorial and Museum Question: What year did the memorial first opened? Answer: 2000
Context: The prolonged Byzantine-Sassanid Wars, most importantly the climactic Byzantine-Sassanid War of 602-628, as well as the social conflict within the Sassanid Empire, opened the way for an Arab invasion to Iran in the 7th century. Initially defeated by the Arab Rashidun Caliphate, Iran came under the rule of the Arab caliphates of Umayyad and Abbasid. The prolonged and gradual process of the Islamization of Iran began following the conquest. Under the new Arab elite of the Rashidun and later the Umayyad caliphates, both converted (mawali) and non-converted (dhimmi) Iranians were discriminated against, being excluded from the government and military, and having to pay a special tax called Jizya. Gunde Shapur, home of the Academy of Gunde Shapur which was the most important medical center of the world at the time, survived after the invasion, but became known as an Islamic institute thereafter. Question: What wars in the 600s CE lead to the weakening of Iran and a subsequent invasion by the Arabs? Answer: Byzantine-Sassanid Wars Question: When did the Arabs invade Iran? Answer: the 7th century Question: Which Arab Caliphate defeated Iran first? Answer: Arab Rashidun Caliphate Question: What special tax did the discriminated Iranians - both converted and nonconverted - have to pay? Answer: Jizya Question: What academy was the most important medical center of the world at the time and became Islamicized after the Arab invasions? Answer: Academy of Gunde Shapur
Context: For all iPods released in 2006 and earlier, some equalizer (EQ) sound settings would distort the bass sound far too easily, even on undemanding songs. This would happen for EQ settings like R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster, because the equalizer amplified the digital audio level beyond the software's limit, causing distortion (clipping) on bass instruments. Question: What acoustic element could be distorted by different audio settings in iPods prior to 2007? Answer: Bass Question: Name four sound profiles that would result in bass distortion on pre-2007 iPods. Answer: R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster Question: What specific problem caused the issue with bass distortion? Answer: clipping Question: iPods released before what year had issues with distorted bass? Answer: 2006 Question: What EQ settings were known to have issues with bass distortion? Answer: R&B, Rock, Acoustic, and Bass Booster
Context: The report showed a small increase in world HDI in comparison with last year's report. This rise was fueled by a general improvement in the developing world, especially of the least developed countries group. This marked improvement at the bottom was offset with a decrease in HDI of high income countries. Question: Which countries experienced a decrease in HDI? Answer: high income countries Question: Which countries experienced an increase in HDI? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1989, Troiden proposed a four-stage model for the development of homosexual sexual identity. The first stage, known as sensitization, usually starts in childhood, and is marked by the child's becoming aware of same-sex attractions. The second stage, identity confusion, tends to occur a few years later. In this stage, the youth is overwhelmed by feelings of inner turmoil regarding their sexual orientation, and begins to engage sexual experiences with same-sex partners. In the third stage of identity assumption, which usually takes place a few years after the adolescent has left home, adolescents begin to come out to their family and close friends, and assumes a self-definition as gay, lesbian, or bisexual. In the final stage, known as commitment, the young adult adopts their sexual identity as a lifestyle. Therefore, this model estimates that the process of coming out begins in childhood, and continues through the early to mid 20s. This model has been contested, and alternate ideas have been explored in recent years. Question: In what year did Troiden propose a four-stage model for the development of homosexual sexual identity? Answer: 1989 Question: What is Troiden's first stage of development known as? Answer: sensitization Question: When does sensitization usually start? Answer: childhood Question: Troiden's second stage is referred to as what? Answer: identity confusion Question: In what stage is youth overwhelmed by feelings of inner turmoil regarding their sexual orientation? Answer: identity confusion
Context: Non-Muslim groups in the Umayyad Caliphate, which included Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians, and pagan Berbers, were called dhimmis. They were given a legally protected status as second-class citizens as long as they accepted and acknowledged the political supremacy of the ruling Muslims. They were allowed to have their own courts, and were given freedom of their religion within the empire.[citation needed] Although they could not hold the highest public offices in the empire, they had many bureaucratic positions within the government. Christians and Jews still continued to produce great theological thinkers within their communities, but as time wore on, many of the intellectuals converted to Islam, leading to a lack of great thinkers in the non-Muslim communities. Question: What were non-Muslim groups under the Umayyads called? Answer: dhimmis Question: Along with Berbers, Zoroastrians and Christians, what notable non-Muslim group existed in the Umayyad Caliphate? Answer: Jews Question: Along with Jews, what non-Muslim religion produced notable theological works under the Umayyads? Answer: Christians Question: What were Muslim groups in the Umayyad Caliphate called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was given a legally protected status as first class citizens? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were Muslims banned from holding in the empire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What led to a lack of great thinkers in Muslim communities? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were non-Muslims not required to acknowledge? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 2004, SME and Bertelsmann Music Group merged as Sony BMG Music Entertainment. When Sony acquired BMG's half of the conglomerate in 2008, Sony BMG reverted to the SME name. The buyout led to the dissolution of BMG, which then relaunched as BMG Rights Management. Out of the "Big Three" record companies, with Universal Music Group being the largest and Warner Music Group, SME is middle-sized. Question: In what year did SME merge with another company? Answer: 2004 Question: What was the name of the other company that SME merged with? Answer: Bertelsmann Music Group Question: What did the company call themselves after the merger? Answer: Sony BMG Music Entertainment Question: In what year did Sony BMG Music Entertainment go back to being called SME? Answer: 2008 Question: In 2014, SME and Bertelsmann Music Group merged as what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In 2018, Sony BMG reverted to what name? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The 2008 buyout led to the dissolution of SME, which relaunched as what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Brickman Music Group merged with SME in what year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: BMG Rights Music was relaunched in what year? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: From the 1987 season until the late 1990s, the most exposure the league would receive was on ESPN, which aired tape-delayed games, often well after midnight, and often edited to match the alloted time slot. The league received its first taste of wide exposure in 1998, when Arena Bowl XII was televised nationally as part of ABC's old Wide World of Sports. Question: In 1987, what television station sometimes showed arena football games? Answer: ESPN Question: In the early years of arena football, after what hour were games often aired? Answer: midnight Question: What AFL game was broadcast on ABC? Answer: Arena Bowl XII Question: In what year did ABC broadcast an Arena Football League game? Answer: 1998 Question: On what ABC program was an AFL game shown? Answer: Wide World of Sports
Context: Nanjing is endowed with rich natural resources, which include more than 40 kinds of minerals. Among them, iron and sulfur reserves make up 40 percent of those of Jiangsu province. Its reserves of strontium rank first in East Asia and the South East Asia region. Nanjing also possesses abundant water resources, both from the Yangtze River and groundwater. In addition, it has several natural hot springs such as Tangshan Hot Spring in Jiangning and Tangquan Hot Spring in Pukou. Question: How many types of minerals are found in Nanjing? Answer: 40 Question: Which minerals comprise 40 percent of those in the province? Answer: iron and sulfur Question: For what mineral reserve does Nanjing rank first in both East Asia and the South East Asia areas? Answer: strontium Question: What are Nanjing's main water sources? Answer: the Yangtze River and groundwater Question: What hot spring is in Jiangning? Answer: Tangshan Hot Spring
Context: Dogs are highly variable in height and weight. The smallest known adult dog was a Yorkshire Terrier, that stood only 6.3 cm (2.5 in) at the shoulder, 9.5 cm (3.7 in) in length along the head-and-body, and weighed only 113 grams (4.0 oz). The largest known dog was an English Mastiff which weighed 155.6 kg (343 lb) and was 250 cm (98 in) from the snout to the tail. The tallest dog is a Great Dane that stands 106.7 cm (42.0 in) at the shoulder. Question: Dogs show an extreme range in what two characteristics? Answer: height and weight. Question: What breed was the largest dog known to have lived? Answer: English Mastiff Question: What is the biggest known dog? Answer: English Mastiff
Context: In 2009, former British Prime Minister Tony Blair picked Yale as one location – the others are Britain's Durham University and Universiti Teknologi Mara – for the Tony Blair Faith Foundation's United States Faith and Globalization Initiative. As of 2009, former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo is the director of the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization and teaches an undergraduate seminar, "Debating Globalization". As of 2009, former presidential candidate and DNC chair Howard Dean teaches a residential college seminar, "Understanding Politics and Politicians." Also in 2009, an alliance was formed among Yale, University College London, and both schools’ affiliated hospital complexes to conduct research focused on the direct improvement of patient care—a growing field known as translational medicine. President Richard Levin noted that Yale has hundreds of other partnerships across the world, but "no existing collaboration matches the scale of the new partnership with UCL". Question: Besides Yale, what other two locations were chosen by Tony Blair for the Tony Blair Faith Foundation's United States Faith and Globalization Initiative? Answer: Britain's Durham University and Universiti Teknologi Mara Question: As of 2009, who is the director of the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization? Answer: former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo Question: What former presidential candidate teaches a seminar at Yale? Answer: Howard Dean Question: What is the name of Howard Dean's class at Yale? Answer: Understanding Politics and Politicians Question: What college did Yale's medical facility team up with? Answer: University College London Question: Besides Yale, what other three locations were chosen by Tony Blair for the Tony Blair Faith Foundation's United States Faith and Globalization Initiative? Answer: Unanswerable Question: As of 2008, who is the director of the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What current presidential candidate teaches a seminar at Yale? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What isn't the name of Howard Dean's class at Yale? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What college didn't Yale's medical facility team up with? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: While the "footprint" of the Astra 2D satellite was smaller than that of Astra 2A, from which it was previously broadcast encrypted, it meant that viewers with appropriate equipment were able to receive BBC channels "free-to-air" over much of Western Europe. Consequently, some rights concerns have needed to be resolved with programme providers such as Hollywood studios and sporting organisations, which have expressed concern about the unencrypted signal leaking out. This led to some broadcasts being made unavailable on the Sky Digital platform, such as Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football, while on other platforms such broadcasts were not disrupted. Later, when rights contracts were renewed, this problem was resolved. Question: With the right tools, what area could get free BBC broadcasts from Astra 2D? Answer: Western Europe Question: What are some entities that have taken issue with the possibility that BBC programming was being viewed for free? Answer: Hollywood studios and sporting organisations Question: On what service were some shows removed as a result of issues over rights? Answer: Sky Digital Question: What are two specific broadcasts suspended on Sky Digital? Answer: Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football Question: What was smaller than the footprint of the Astra 2D satellite? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What concerns with Western Europe did "free-to-air" bring up? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened to some programs on the Digital Sky Platform? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: New Haven is a predominantly Roman Catholic city, as the city's Dominican, Irish, Italian, Mexican, Ecuadorian, and Puerto Rican populations are overwhelmingly Catholic. The city is part of the Archdiocese of Hartford. Jews also make up a considerable portion of the population, as do Black Baptists. There is a growing number of (mostly Puerto Rican) Pentecostals as well. There are churches for all major branches of Christianity within the city, multiple store-front churches, ministries (especially in working-class Latino and Black neighborhoods), a mosque, many synagogues (including two yeshivas), and other places of worship; the level of religious diversity in the city is high. Question: What is the most prominent religion in New Haven? Answer: Roman Catholic Question: Under what immediate jurisdiction of the Catholic Church does New Haven fall? Answer: Archdiocese of Hartford Question: How many yeshivas are located in New Haven? Answer: two Question: With what religious movement do many Puerto Ricans in New Haven associate? Answer: Pentecostals Question: In addition to Jews, what other religious community comprises a large share of the non-Catholic population of New Haven? Answer: Black Baptists Question: In terms of religious affiliation, what is the most prevalent religion in the city? Answer: Roman Catholic Question: There are several religious group that have seem rise in demographics, one of which is popular among African Americans being? Answer: Baptists Question: However Christianity can be found within the city, particularly which neighborhoods? Answer: working-class
Context: With the continuing controversy that had surrounded the military service of George W. Bush since the 2000 Presidential election (when he was accused of having used his father's political influence to gain entrance to the Texas Air National Guard, thereby protecting himself from conscription into the United States Army, and possible service in the Vietnam War), John Kerry's contrasting status as a decorated Vietnam War veteran posed a problem for Bush's re-election campaign, which Republicans sought to counter by calling Kerry's war record into question. As the presidential campaign of 2004 developed, approximately 250 members of a group called Swift Boat Veterans for Truth (SBVT, later renamed Swift Vets and POWs for Truth) opposed Kerry's campaign. The group held press conferences, ran ads and endorsed a book questioning Kerry's service record and his military awards. The group included several members of Kerry's unit, such as Larry Thurlow, who commanded a swift boat alongside of Kerry's, and Stephen Gardner, who served on Kerry's boat. The campaign inspired the widely used political pejorative 'swiftboating', to describe an unfair or untrue political attack. Most of Kerry's former crewmates have stated that SBVT's allegations are false. Question: Who kept George W. Bush out of Vietnam? Answer: his father Question: What military branch was George W. Bush in? Answer: the Texas Air National Guard Question: How did Republicans attack Kerry? Answer: by calling Kerry's war record into question Question: What did SBVT change its name to? Answer: Swift Vets and POWs for Truth Question: What term was inspired by the attacks on Kerry? Answer: swiftboating
Context: By the early 19th century, encouraged by lower duties on gin, the gin houses or "Gin Palaces" had spread from London to most cities and towns in Britain, with most of the new establishments illegal and unlicensed. These bawdy, loud and unruly drinking dens so often described by Charles Dickens in his Sketches by Boz (published 1835–1836) increasingly came to be held as unbridled cesspits of immorality or crime and the source of much ill-health and alcoholism among the working classes. Question: In what century did gin houses proliferate throughout Britain? Answer: 19th Question: What book by Dickens described activities in drinking establishments? Answer: Sketches by Boz Question: Over what two-year period was Sketches by Boz written? Answer: 1835–1836 Question: What was another name for gin houses early in the 19th century? Answer: "Gin Palaces" Question: In what British city did gin houses first appear? Answer: London
Context: Dell advertisements have appeared in several types of media including television, the Internet, magazines, catalogs and newspapers. Some of Dell Inc's marketing strategies include lowering prices at all times of the year, free bonus products (such as Dell printers), and free shipping to encourage more sales and stave off competitors. In 2006, Dell cut its prices in an effort to maintain its 19.2% market share. This also cut profit-margins by more than half, from 8.7 to 4.3 percent. To maintain its low prices, Dell continues to accept most purchases of its products via the Internet and through the telephone network, and to move its customer-care division to India and El Salvador. Question: What type of Dell media has appeared on TV, on the internet, and in magazines? Answer: advertisements Question: One of Dell's marketing strategies is what kind of shipping? Answer: free Question: What year did Dell cut its prices to keep its market share? Answer: 2006 Question: By how much did Dell cut it's margins when it cut its prices? Answer: half Question: Where does Dell take most of its purchases for its products? Answer: Internet Question: What type of Dell media hasn't appeared on TV, on the internet, and in magazines? Answer: Unanswerable Question: One of Dell's marketing strategies isn't what kind of shipping? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Dell up its prices to keep its market share? Answer: Unanswerable Question: By how much did Dell up it's margins when it upped its prices? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does Dell take less of its purchases for its products? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On May 9, 2011, Shriver and Schwarzenegger ended their relationship after 25 years of marriage, with Shriver moving out of the couple's Brentwood mansion. On May 16, 2011, the Los Angeles Times revealed that Schwarzenegger had fathered a son more than fourteen years earlier with an employee in their household, Mildred Patricia 'Patty' Baena. "After leaving the governor's office I told my wife about this event, which occurred over a decade ago," Schwarzenegger said in a statement issued to The Times. In the statement, Schwarzenegger did not mention that he had confessed to his wife only after Shriver had confronted him with the information, which she had done after confirming with the housekeeper what she had suspected about the child. Question: How long were Schwarzenegger and Shriver married? Answer: 25 years Question: What newspaper broke the story about Schwarzenegger's child with another woman? Answer: the Los Angeles Times
Context: The epidermis is typically 10 to 30 cells thick; its main function is to provide a waterproof layer. Its outermost cells are constantly lost; its bottommost cells are constantly dividing and pushing upward. The middle layer, the dermis, is 15 to 40 times thicker than the epidermis. The dermis is made up of many components, such as bony structures and blood vessels. The hypodermis is made up of adipose tissue. Its job is to store lipids, and to provide cushioning and insulation. The thickness of this layer varies widely from species to species. Question: What is the typical thickness of the epidermis? Answer: 10 to 30 cells thick Question: What is the main function of the epidermis? Answer: to provide a waterproof layer Question: How much more thicker is the dermis to the epidermis? Answer: 15 to 40 times thicker Question: What is the dermis mainly consist of? Answer: bony structures and blood vessels Question: What does the Hyperdermis consist of? Answer: adipose tissue Question: When the hypodermis is 10 to 30 cells thick, what is its main function? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens to the outermost cells of the hypodermis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How do the bottommost cells of the hypodermis act? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much thicker is the hypodermis from the dermis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are two components that make up the epidermis? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Mexico City offers an immense and varied consumer retail market, ranging from basic foods to ultra high-end luxury goods. Consumers may buy in fixed indoor markets, mobile markets (tianguis), from street vendors, from downtown shops in a street dedicated to a certain type of good, in convenience stores and traditional neighborhood stores, in modern supermarkets, in warehouse and membership stores and the shopping centers that they anchor, in department stores, big-box stores and in modern shopping malls. Question: What are mobile markets in Mexico City called? Answer: tianguis Question: How is the retail market of Mexico City? Answer: immense and varied Question: What is a common way stores are distributed in Mexico City? Answer: in a street dedicated to a certain type of good Question: What is the spectrum of gods you can get in Mexico City? Answer: basic foods to ultra high-end luxury goods
Context: Soon after the victory in Ü-Tsang, Güshi Khan organized a welcoming ceremony for Lozang Gyatso once he arrived a day's ride from Shigatse, presenting his conquest of Tibet as a gift to the Dalai Lama. In a second ceremony held within the main hall of the Shigatse fortress, Güshi Khan enthroned the Dalai Lama as the ruler of Tibet, but conferred the actual governing authority to the regent Sonam Chöpel. Although Güshi Khan had granted the Dalai Lama "supreme authority" as Goldstein writes, the title of 'King of Tibet' was conferred upon Güshi Khan, spending his summers in pastures north of Lhasa and occupying Lhasa each winter. Van Praag writes that at this point Güshi Khan maintained control over the armed forces, but accepted his inferior status towards the Dalai Lama. Rawski writes that the Dalai Lama shared power with his regent and Güshi Khan during his early secular and religious reign. However, Rawski states that he eventually "expanded his own authority by presenting himself as Avalokiteśvara through the performance of rituals," by building the Potala Palace and other structures on traditional religious sites, and by emphasizing lineage reincarnation through written biographies. Goldstein states that the government of Güshi Khan and the Dalai Lama persecuted the Karma Kagyu sect, confiscated their wealth and property, and even converted their monasteries into Gelug monasteries. Rawski writes that this Mongol patronage allowed the Gelugpas to dominate the rival religious sects in Tibet. Question: Who did Güshi Khan organize a welcome ceremony for? Answer: Lozang Gyatso Question: What did Güshi Khan present as a gift to the Dalai Lama? Answer: his conquest of Tibet Question: Who did Güshi Khan enthrone the ruler of Tibet? Answer: the Dalai Lama Question: Who did Güshi Khan grant the governing authority to? Answer: the regent Sonam Chöpel Question: The title of 'King of Tibet belonged to whom? Answer: Güshi Khan
Context: Under the Bretton Woods system established after World War II, the value of gold was fixed to $35 per ounce, and the value of the U.S. dollar was thus anchored to the value of gold. Rising government spending in the 1960s, however, led to doubts about the ability of the United States to maintain this convertibility, gold stocks dwindled as banks and international investors began to convert dollars to gold, and as a result the value of the dollar began to decline. Facing an emerging currency crisis and the imminent danger that the United States would no longer be able to redeem dollars for gold, gold convertibility was finally terminated in 1971 by President Nixon, resulting in the "Nixon shock". Question: When was the Bretton Woods system established? Answer: after World War II Question: What was the fixed value of gold? Answer: $35 per ounce Question: What was the value of the U.S. dollar linked to? Answer: the value of gold Question: What did banks and investors do that devalued the dollar? Answer: convert dollars to gold Question: In which year was gold convertability terminated? Answer: 1971 Question: When was the Nixon Woods system established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the fixed value of stocks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the value of the Nixon investors linked to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did banks and investors do that terminated the dollar? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which year were dollars terminated? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A number of world-leading education institutions are based in London. In the 2014/15 QS World University Rankings, Imperial College London is ranked joint 2nd in the world (alongside The University of Cambridge), University College London (UCL) is ranked 5th, and King's College London (KCL) is ranked 16th. The London School of Economics has been described as the world's leading social science institution for both teaching and research. The London Business School is considered one of the world's leading business schools and in 2015 its MBA programme was ranked second best in the world by the Financial Times. Question: In terms of teaching and research, what is the world's foremost institute of social science? Answer: London School of Economics Question: Where is University College London, or UCL, ranked among the world's best colleges and universities? Answer: 5th Question: The Financial Times rated what school's MBA program 2nd-best in the world in 2015? Answer: The London Business School Question: What school in London shares the rank of 2nd best in the world with the famous University of Cambridge in the 2014-2015 World University Rankings? Answer: Imperial College London
Context: Following the completion of his PhD in 1942, Feynman held an appointment at the University of Wisconsin–Madison as an assistant professor of physics. The appointment was spent on leave for his involvement in the Manhattan project. In 1945, he received a letter from Dean Mark Ingraham of the College of Letters and Science requesting his return to UW to teach in the coming academic year. His appointment was not extended when he did not commit to return. In a talk given several years later at UW, Feynman quipped, "It's great to be back at the only university that ever had the good sense to fire me." Question: Where did Feynman receive a job after getting his PhD? Answer: University of Wisconsin–Madison Question: Feyman received a letter to return to teaching from whom? Answer: Dean Mark Ingraham Question: Which year did Feyman complete his PhD? Answer: 1942 Question: Where did Feynman spend his time during his contract at UW? Answer: Manhattan project Question: Where did Feynman get rejected for a job after getting his PhD? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who told Feynman to never return to teaching? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which year did Feynman lose his PhD? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was Feynman a senior professor of physics in 1942? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The cartridge media of the console is officially referred to as Game Pak in most Western regions, and as Cassette (カセット, Kasetto?) in Japan and parts of Latin America. While the SNES can address 128 Mbit,[f] only 117.75 Mbit are actually available for cartridge use. A fairly normal mapping could easily address up to 95 Mbit of ROM data (48 Mbit at FastROM speed) with 8 Mbit of battery-backed RAM. However, most available memory access controllers only support mappings of up to 32 Mbit. The largest games released (Tales of Phantasia and Star Ocean) contain 48 Mbit of ROM data, while the smallest games contain only 2 Mbit. Question: What are SNES game cartridges officially called in the US? Answer: Game Pak Question: What are SNES game cartridges officially called in Japan? Answer: Cassette Question: How much data space can an SNES cartridge use? Answer: 117.75 Mbit Question: What were the largest SNES games? Answer: Tales of Phantasia and Star Ocean Question: How much data do the smallest SNES games use? Answer: 2 Mbit Question: What is referred to as Cassette in Western regions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is referred to as Game Pak in Japan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much ROM data do Talesof Phantasia and Star Ocean have as the smallest games released? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What mappings do most Game Pak support in Japan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Mbit of FastROM are contained in games from Latin America? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, each of which is a separate county of New York State. The five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 8,491,079 distributed over a land area of just 305 square miles (790 km2), New York is the most densely populated major city in the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. By 2014 census estimates, the New York City metropolitan region remains by a significant margin the most populous in the United States, as defined by both the Metropolitan Statistical Area (20.1 million residents) and the Combined Statistical Area (23.6 million residents). In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of nearly US$1.39 trillion, while in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion, both ranking first nationally by a wide margin and behind the GDP of only twelve and eleven countries, respectively. Question: How many boroughs comprise New York City? Answer: five Question: In what year were the five boroughs combined into one city? Answer: 1898 Question: In 2014, what did the census estimate the population of New York City to be? Answer: 8,491,079 Question: What is the size of New York City in square miles? Answer: 305 Question: What is the population of New York's Combined Statistical Area? Answer: 23.6 million Question: How man boroughs does New York City contain? Answer: five Question: The five boroughs of New York City are named what? Answer: Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island Question: All five boroughs of New York City formed into one city on what date? Answer: 1898 Question: What is the population of New York City as of 2014? Answer: 8,491,079 Question: How many languages are spoken by the people of New York City? Answer: 800
Context: In 2006, Lee was awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Notre Dame. During the ceremony, the students and audience gave Lee a standing ovation, and the entire graduating class held up copies of To Kill a Mockingbird to honor her.[note 5] Lee was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom on November 5, 2007 by President George W. Bush. In his remarks, Bush stated, "One reason To Kill a Mockingbird succeeded is the wise and kind heart of the author, which comes through on every page ... To Kill a Mockingbird has influenced the character of our country for the better. It's been a gift to the entire world. As a model of good writing and humane sensibility, this book will be read and studied forever." Question: Which school granted Lee an honory doctorate in 2006? Answer: University of Notre Dame Question: Which president of the US awarded Lee the Presidential Medal of Freedom? Answer: George W. Bush Question: When did Lee receive a Presidential Medal of Freedom? Answer: 2007 Question: What university awarded Lee an honorary doctorate in 2006? Answer: Notre Dame Question: In 2007, which president awarded Lee the Presidential Medal of Freedom? Answer: George W. Bush
Context: In November, Seattle averages more rainfall than any other U.S. city of more than 250,000 people; it also ranks highly in winter precipitation. Conversely, the city receives some of the lowest precipitation amounts of any large city from June to September. Seattle is one of the five rainiest major U.S. cities as measured by the number of days with precipitation, and it receives some of the lowest amounts of annual sunshine among major cities in the lower 48 states, along with some cities in the Northeast, Ohio and Michigan. Thunderstorms are rare, as the city reports thunder on just seven days per year. By comparison, Fort Myers, Florida reports thunder on 93 days per year, Kansas City on 52, and New York City on 25. Question: During which month does Seattle get more precipitation than other US cities? Answer: November Question: When does Seattle get it lowest levels of precipitation? Answer: June to September Question: In the lower 48 states, which city receives some of the least sunny days that any other? Answer: Seattle Question: What weather feature is highly unusual in Seattle? Answer: Thunderstorms Question: About how many days a year is thunder a reported weather event in Seattle? Answer: seven
Context: During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase. Manorialism, the organisation of peasants into villages that owed rent and labour services to the nobles, and feudalism, the political structure whereby knights and lower-status nobles owed military service to their overlords in return for the right to rent from lands and manors, were two of the ways society was organised in the High Middle Ages. The Crusades, first preached in 1095, were military attempts by Western European Christians to regain control of the Holy Land from the Muslims. Kings became the heads of centralised nation states, reducing crime and violence but making the ideal of a unified Christendom more distant. Intellectual life was marked by scholasticism, a philosophy that emphasised joining faith to reason, and by the founding of universities. The theology of Thomas Aquinas, the paintings of Giotto, the poetry of Dante and Chaucer, the travels of Marco Polo, and the architecture of Gothic cathedrals such as Chartres are among the outstanding achievements toward the end of this period, and into the Late Middle Ages. Question: What year marked the beginning of the High Middle Ages? Answer: 1000 Question: What event led to larger crop yields in the High Middle Ages? Answer: the Medieval Warm Period Question: What was the name of the economic system that organized peasants into villages owing labor and rent to nobles? Answer: Manorialism Question: What was the name of the political system that gave rents to knights in return for military service? Answer: feudalism Question: In what year did the Crusades begin? Answer: 1095
Context: Regular flights to most villages and towns within the state that are commercially viable are challenging to provide, so they are heavily subsidized by the federal government through the Essential Air Service program. Alaska Airlines is the only major airline offering in-state travel with jet service (sometimes in combination cargo and passenger Boeing 737-400s) from Anchorage and Fairbanks to regional hubs like Bethel, Nome, Kotzebue, Dillingham, Kodiak, and other larger communities as well as to major Southeast and Alaska Peninsula communities. Question: Which service allows government to subsidise regular air travel in Alaska? Answer: Essential Air Service program Question: Which airline offers in-state travel with jet-service? Answer: Alaska Airlines Question: What are some Alaskan regional hubs? Answer: Bethel, Nome, Kotzebue, Dillingham, Kodiak Question: Which service denies government to subsidise regular air travel in Alaska? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which service allows government to subsidise irregular air travel in Alaska? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which airline offers out-of-state travel with jet-service? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What aren't some Alaskan regional hubs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are all Alaskan regional hubs? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees. Question: What kind of climate is exemplary of southern Europe? Answer: The Mediterranean climate Question: Which parts of Turkey are characterized by a Mediterranean climate? Answer: Western and Southern coastal regions Question: What are two broad categories of similarity among countries which have a Mediterranean climate? Answer: vegetations and landscapes Question: What climate is that of all of Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What countries have varying vegetations and landscapes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which parts of Greece are characterized by a Mediterranean climate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are two broad categories of similarity among forests which have a Mediterranean climate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of vegetation grows in the Mediterranean? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Philadelphia artists have had a prominent national role in popular music. In the 1970s, Philadelphia soul influenced the music of that and later eras. On July 13, 1985, Philadelphia hosted the American end of the Live Aid concert at John F. Kennedy Stadium. The city reprised this role for the Live 8 concert, bringing some 700,000 people to the Ben Franklin Parkway on July 2, 2005. Philadelphia is home to the world-renowned Philadelphia Boys Choir & Chorale, which has performed its music all over the world. Dr. Robert G. Hamilton, founder of the choir, is a notable native Philadelphian. The Philly Pops is another famous Philadelphia music group. The city has played a major role in the development and support of American rock music and rap music. Hip-hop/Rap artists such as The Roots, DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, The Goats, Freeway, Schoolly D, Eve, and Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes hail from the city. Question: Name a type of music from the 70's that influenced the nation? Answer: Philadelphia soul Question: What concert did Philly host on July13th, 1985? Answer: Live Aid Question: What is the name of the stadium that held Live Aid? Answer: John F. Kennedy Stadium Question: Name a hip/hop artist from the city? Answer: The Roots, DJ Jazzy Jeff & The Fresh Prince, The Goats, Freeway, Schoolly D, Eve, and Lisa "Left Eye" Lopes
Context: Rajasthan (/ˈrɑːdʒəstæn/ Hindustani pronunciation: [raːdʒəsˈt̪ʰaːn] ( listen); literally, "Land of Kings") is India's largest state by area (342,239 square kilometres (132,139 sq mi) or 10.4% of India's total area). It is located on the western side of the country, where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable Thar Desert (also known as the "Rajasthan Desert" and "Great Indian Desert") and shares a border with the Pakistani provinces of Punjab to the northwest and Sindh to the west, along the Sutlej-Indus river valley. Elsewhere it is bordered by the other Indian states: Punjab to the north; Haryana and Uttar Pradesh to the northeast; Madhya Pradesh to the southeast; and Gujarat to the southwest. Its features include the ruins of the Indus Valley Civilization at Kalibanga; the Dilwara Temples, a Jain pilgrimage site at Rajasthan's only hill station, Mount Abu, in the ancient Aravalli mountain range; and, in eastern Rajasthan, the Keoladeo National Park near Bharatpur, a World Heritage Site known for its bird life. Rajasthan is also home to two national tiger reserves, the Ranthambore National Park in Sawai Madhopur and Sariska Tiger Reserve in Alwar. Question: How many square kilometers is Rajasthan? Answer: 342,239 Question: What percentage of India's total area is Rajasthan? Answer: 10.4% Question: What are alternative names the Thar Desert is known by? Answer: the "Rajasthan Desert" and "Great Indian Desert" Question: What province in Pakistan does Rajasthan border on its north? Answer: Punjab Question: The Dilwara Temples are a pilgrimage site for whom? Answer: Jain Question: What is the area of the Jain Desert? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of total area does the Thar Desert take up in Punjab? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the literal meaning of Madhya Pradesh? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Uttar Pradesh known for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the names of the two tiger reserves in Haryana? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Derrick May a.k.a. "MAYDAY" and Thomas Barnett released "Nude Photo" in 1987 on May's label "Transmat Records", which helped kickstart the Detroit techno music scene and was put in heavy rotation on Chicago's Hot Mix 5 Radio DJ mix show and in many Chicago clubs.[citation needed] A year later, Transmat released what was to become one of techno and house music's classic anthems – the seminal track "Strings of Life". Transmat Records went on to have many more successful releases[citation needed] such as 1988's "Wiggin". As well, Derrick May had successful[citation needed] releases on Kool Kat Records and many remixes for a host of underground and mainstream recording artist. Question: What was the real name of the artist Mayday? Answer: Derrick May Question: Mayday and Thomas Barnett released what hit in 1987? Answer: "Nude Photo" Question: what was the name of Mayday's record label? Answer: Transmat Records Question: what year was the hit song "wiggin" released? Answer: 1988 Question: what label did Derrick May have successful releases on after his own? Answer: Kool Kat Records Question: What was the real name of the artist Wiggin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Mayday and Thomas Strings released what hit in 1987? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of Wiggin's record label? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was the hit song "Mayday" released? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What label did Wiggin have successful releases on after his own? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Han dynasty inherited the ban liang coin type from the Qin. In the beginning of the Han, Emperor Gaozu closed the government mint in favor of private minting of coins. This decision was reversed in 186 BC by his widow Grand Empress Dowager Lü Zhi (d. 180 BC), who abolished private minting. In 182 BC, Lü Zhi issued a bronze coin that was much lighter in weight than previous coins. This caused widespread inflation that was not reduced until 175 BC when Emperor Wen allowed private minters to manufacture coins that were precisely 2.6 g (0.09 oz) in weight. Question: Where did the Han dynasty receive their coin type from? Answer: the Qin Question: Who closed the government mint? Answer: Emperor Gaozu Question: In what year was the decision reversing the closure of the government mint implemented? Answer: 186 BC Question: Who released new lighter coinage that caused significant amounts of inflation because of it's weight? Answer: Lü Zhi Question: In what year were private manufactures allowed to create coins that were exactly 2.6g in mass? Answer: 175 BC
Context: The period known as the Crusades, a series of religiously motivated military expeditions originally intended to bring the Levant back into Christian rule, began. Several Crusader states were founded in the eastern Mediterranean. These were all short-lived. The Crusaders would have a profound impact on many parts of Europe. Their Sack of Constantinople in 1204 brought an abrupt end to the Byzantine Empire. Though it would later be re-established, it would never recover its former glory. The Crusaders would establish trade routes that would develop into the Silk Road and open the way for the merchant republics of Genoa and Venice to become major economic powers. The Reconquista, a related movement, worked to reconquer Iberia for Christendom. Question: What is the name of the period of armed incursions undertaken in the name of Christianity? Answer: the Crusades Question: When did Crusaders invade Constantinople? Answer: 1204 Question: Which two cities benefited greatly from the activities of Crusaders? Answer: Genoa and Venice Question: What was the name of another activity like the Crusades occuring on the Iberian peninsula? Answer: The Reconquista Question: What empire was destroyed by the Sack of Constantinople? Answer: the Byzantine Empire Question: What is the name of the period of peaceful incursions undertaken in the name of Christianity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Byzantine Empire invade Constantinople? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which two cities were demolished by the crusaders? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of another activity like the Crusades occurring in the eastern Mediterranean? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What empire was destroyed Christian Rule? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Commonly called 'light bulbs', lamps are the removable and replaceable part of a light fixture, which converts electrical energy into electromagnetic radiation. While lamps have traditionally been rated and marketed primarily in terms of their power consumption, expressed in watts, proliferation of lighting technology beyond the incandescent light bulb has eliminated the correspondence of wattage to the amount of light produced. For example, a 60 W incandescent light bulb produces about the same amount of light as a 13 W compact fluorescent lamp. Each of these technologies has a different efficacy in converting electrical energy to visible light. Visible light output is typically measured in lumens. This unit only quantifies the visible radiation, and excludes invisible infrared and ultraviolet light. A wax candle produces on the close order of 13 lumens, a 60 watt incandescent lamp makes around 700 lumens, and a 15-watt compact fluorescent lamp produces about 800 lumens, but actual output varies by specific design. Rating and marketing emphasis is shifting away from wattage and towards lumen output, to give the purchaser a directly applicable basis upon which to select a lamp. Question: What is the removable and replaceable part of a light fixture? Answer: light bulbs Question: What does a light bulb convert into electromagnetic radiation? Answer: electrical energy Question: Huge much light does a 13 W compact fluorescent lamp produce equivalent to a incandescent light bulb. Answer: 60 w Question: How many lemuns does a 15 watt fluorescent lamp produce? Answer: 800 lumens
Context: The former location in Mesa is actually the second HoHoKam Park; the first was built in 1976 as the spring-training home of the Oakland Athletics who left the park in 1979. Apart from HoHoKam Park and Sloan Park the Cubs also have another Mesa training facility called Fitch Park, this complex provides 25,000 square feet (2,300 m2) of team facilities, including major league clubhouse, four practice fields, one practice infield, enclosed batting tunnels, batting cages, a maintenance facility, and administrative offices for the Cubs. Question: Where was the former location in Mesa? Answer: the second HoHoKam Park Question: How many square feet does Fitch Park provide? Answer: 25,000 square feet Question: When was the spring training home of the Oakland Athletics built? Answer: 1976
Context: Exchanging "+" and "−" in the expression, i.e. permuting the two solutions of the equation can be viewed as a (very simple) group operation. Similar formulae are known for cubic and quartic equations, but do not exist in general for degree 5 and higher. Abstract properties of Galois groups associated with polynomials (in particular their solvability) give a criterion for polynomials that have all their solutions expressible by radicals, i.e. solutions expressible using solely addition, multiplication, and roots similar to the formula above. Question: What degree does not include simple formulas for cubic and quatric equations? Answer: degree 5 and higher Question: What concept is associated with the solvability of polynomials? Answer: Abstract properties of Galois groups Question: What are used to express the solutions of polynomials? Answer: radicals Question: What degree must it be lower than to have simple formulas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What give criterion for abstract properties? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which group cannot be expressed using radicals? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is an example of a complex operation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do cubic and quartic equations not have? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Following the Fall of Constantinople on 29 May 1453, many Greeks sought better employment and education opportunities by leaving for the West, particularly Italy, Central Europe, Germany and Russia. Greeks are greatly credited for the European cultural revolution, later called, the Renaissance. In Greek-inhabited territory itself, Greeks came to play a leading role in the Ottoman Empire, due in part to the fact that the central hub of the empire, politically, culturally, and socially, was based on Western Thrace and Greek Macedonia, both in Northern Greece, and of course was centred on the mainly Greek-populated, former Byzantine capital, Constantinople. As a direct consequence of this situation, Greek-speakers came to play a hugely important role in the Ottoman trading and diplomatic establishment, as well as in the church. Added to this, in the first half of the Ottoman period men of Greek origin made up a significant proportion of the Ottoman army, navy, and state bureaucracy, having been levied as adolescents (along with especially Albanians and Serbs) into Ottoman service through the devshirme. Many Ottomans of Greek (or Albanian or Serb) origin were therefore to be found within the Ottoman forces which governed the provinces, from Ottoman Egypt, to Ottomans occupied Yemen and Algeria, frequently as provincial governors. Question: When did the emperor Constantine lose rule over in 1453 ? Answer: Fall of Constantinople on 29 May 1453 Question: What did the populace do in response to the loss ? Answer: many Greeks sought better employment and education opportunities by leaving for the West Question: What type of position did Greeks come to hold in the Ottoman Empire ? Answer: in part to the fact that the central hub of the empire, politically, culturally, and socially, was based on Western Thrace and Greek Macedonia Question: Who made up the majority of soldiers in the Ottoman Empire ? Answer: men of Greek origin made up a significant proportion of the Ottoman army, navy Question: What type of work were must young boys antiquated with in the Ottoman Empire ? Answer: levied as adolescents (along with especially Albanians and Serbs) into Ottoman service through the devshirme. Question: When did the emperor Constantine lose rule over in 1483? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the populace do in response to the win? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of position did Greeks come to hold in the non-Ottoman Empire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who made up the majority of soldiers in the non-Ottoman Empire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of work were must young boys non-antiquated with in the Ottoman Empire Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In order to seek out the Karmapa, the Yongle Emperor dispatched his eunuch Hou Xian and the Buddhist monk Zhi Guang (d. 1435) to Tibet. Traveling to Lhasa either through Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan, Hou Xian and Zhi Guang did not return to Nanjing until 1407. Question: Who did the Yongle Emperor send to Tibet? Answer: Hou Xian and the Buddhist monk Zhi Guang Question: Why did the Yongle Emperor send Hou Xian and Zhi Guang to Tibet? Answer: to seek out the Karmapa Question: When did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang return to Nanjing? Answer: 1407 Question: Where did Hou Xian and Zhi Guang travel through on their way to the Karmapa? Answer: through Qinghai or via the Silk Road to Khotan
Context: Adolescence is a period frequently marked by increased rights and privileges for individuals. While cultural variation exists for legal rights and their corresponding ages, considerable consistency is found across cultures. Furthermore, since the advent of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989 (children here defined as under 18), almost every country in the world (except the U.S. and South Sudan) has legally committed to advancing an anti-discriminatory stance towards young people of all ages. This includes protecting children against unchecked child labor, enrollment in the military, prostitution, and pornography. In many societies, those who reach a certain age (often 18, though this varies) are considered to have reached the age of majority and are legally regarded as adults who are responsible for their actions. People below this age are considered minors or children. A person below the age of majority may gain adult rights through legal emancipation. Question: In what year was the Convention on the Rights of the Child created? Answer: 1989 Question: What two countries have not legally committed to advancing an anti-discriminaory stance towards young people? Answer: U.S. and South Sudan Question: A person below the age of majority may gain adult rights through what process? Answer: legal emancipation Question: What is legally different for an individual who has reached the age of majority? Answer: regarded as adults who are responsible for their actions
Context: In May 1972, President Richard M. Nixon and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev negotiated an easing of relations known as detente, creating a temporary "thaw" in the Cold War. In the spirit of good sportsmanship, the time seemed right for cooperation rather than competition, and the notion of a continuing "race" began to subside. Question: Which two world leaders had negotiations that relieved the Cold War? Answer: Richard M. Nixon and Soviet Premier Leonid Brezhnev Question: When did President Nixon and Brezhnev of the USSR end the Cold War? Answer: May 1972
Context: In 1952 researchers at Ciba discovered the first orally available vasodilator, hydralazine. A major shortcoming of hydralazine monotherapy was that it lost its effectiveness over time (tachyphylaxis). In the mid-1950s Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello of Merck and Co. discovered and developed chlorothiazide, which remains the most widely used antihypertensive drug today. This development was associated with a substantial decline in the mortality rate among people with hypertension. The inventors were recognized by a Public Health Lasker Award in 1975 for "the saving of untold thousands of lives and the alleviation of the suffering of millions of victims of hypertension". Question: Who discovered Hydralazine? Answer: researchers at Ciba Question: Why were the researchers recognized in 1975? Answer: the saving of untold thousands of lives and the alleviation of the suffering of millions of victims of hypertension Question: Who developed Chlorothiazide? Answer: Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello of Merck and Co Question: What is Chlorothiazide used to treat? Answer: hypertension Question: What was the main shortcoming in the drug Hydralazine? Answer: lost its effectiveness over time Question: What was the name of the first oral vasodilator? Answer: hydralazine Question: What is the most used antihypertensive drug today? Answer: chlorothiazide Question: Beyer, Sprague, Baer, and Novello received what award in 1975? Answer: Public Health Lasker Award Question: In what year was hydralazine discovered? Answer: 1952 Question: Chlorothiazide helped reduce the mortality rate among those with what disease? Answer: hypertension Question: Who discovered Lasker? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why were the researchers recognized in 1952? Answer: Unanswerable Question: who developed Ciba? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Ciba used to treat? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the main shortcoming in the drug Ciba? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The port on Montevideo Bay is one of the reasons the city was founded. It gives natural protection to ships, although two jetties now further protect the harbour entrance from waves. This natural port is competitive with the other great port of Río de la Plata, Buenos Aires. The main engineering work on the port occurred between the years 1870 and 1930. These six decades saw the construction of the port's first wooden pier, several warehouses in La Aguada, the north and south Rambla, a river port, a new pier, the dredged river basin and the La Teja refinery. A major storm in 1923 necessitated repairs to many of the city's engineering works. Since the second half of the 20th century, physical changes have ceased, and since that time the area has degraded due to national economic stagnation. Question: What gives natural protection to ships in Montevideo? Answer: The port on Montevideo Bay Question: Between what years did the main engineering work on the port of Montevideo Bay take place? Answer: 1870 and 1930 Question: What happened in 1923 that required repairs to many of the city's engineering works? Answer: A major storm
Context: The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor, despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality. The narrator's father, Atticus Finch, has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers. One critic explains the novel's impact by writing, "In the twentieth century, To Kill a Mockingbird is probably the most widely read book dealing with race in America, and its protagonist, Atticus Finch, the most enduring fictional image of racial heroism." Question: What two serious moral issues are dealt with in the novel? Answer: rape and racial inequality Question: Who is the protagonist of the novel? Answer: Atticus Finch
Context: In October 1810, six months after Fryderyk's birth, the family moved to Warsaw, where his father acquired a post teaching French at the Warsaw Lyceum, then housed in the Saxon Palace. Fryderyk lived with his family in the Palace grounds. The father played the flute and violin; the mother played the piano and gave lessons to boys in the boarding house that the Chopins kept. Chopin was of slight build, and even in early childhood was prone to illnesses. Question: During what month did Frédéric move to Warsaw with his family? Answer: October Question: What language did Frédéric's father teach after they had moved to Warsaw? Answer: French Question: Where did Frédéric live with his family while they were in Warsaw? Answer: the Palace grounds Question: What two instruments did Frédéric's father play during this time? Answer: flute and violin Question: What was Frédéric prone to during early childhood as a result of his slight build? Answer: illnesses Question: When did Chopin's family move to Warsaw? Answer: October 1810 Question: Where did Chopin's father get a teaching position? Answer: Warsaw Lyceum Question: What instruments did Chopin's father play? Answer: flute and violin Question: What instrument did Chopin's mother teach? Answer: piano Question: How old was Chopin when his family moved to Warsaw? Answer: six months Question: What language did Chopin's father teach? Answer: French Question: What two instruments did Chopin's father play? Answer: flute and violin Question: What instrument did Chopin's mother teach at the boarding house? Answer: piano Question: Where did Chopin live with his family in Warsaw? Answer: Saxon Palace.
Context: New developments in Judaism often transcend differences in religious practice between Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews. In North American cities, social trends such as the chavurah movement, and the emergence of "post-denominational Judaism" often bring together younger Jews of diverse ethnic backgrounds. In recent years, there has been increased interest in Kabbalah, which many Ashkenazi Jews study outside of the Yeshiva framework. Another trend is the new popularity of ecstatic worship in the Jewish Renewal movement and the Carlebach style minyan, both of which are nominally of Ashkenazi origin. Question: What two things were mentioned as contributing to bringing younger Jews together in North American cities? Answer: social trends such as the chavurah movement, and the emergence of "post-denominational Judaism" Question: What do many Ashkenazi Jews study outside of the Yeshiva framework? Answer: Kabbalah Question: Which new trend has been associated with the Jewish Renewal movement? Answer: ecstatic worship
Context: Gymnastics is a sport involving the performance of exercises requiring strength, flexibility, balance and control. Internationally, all events are governed by the Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG). Each country has its own national governing body (BIW) affiliated to FIG. Competitive artistic gymnastics is the best known of the gymnastic events. It typically involves the women's events of vault, uneven bars, balance beam, and floor exercise. Men's events are floor exercise, pommel horse, still rings, vault, parallel bars, and the high bar. Gymnastics evolved from exercises used by the ancient Greeks that included skills for mounting and dismounting a horse, and from circus performance skills. Question: What is gymnastics? Answer: Gymnastics is a sport involving the performance of exercises requiring strength, flexibility, balance and control Question: Who governs all events in gymnastics? Answer: Fédération Internationale de Gymnastique (FIG) Question: What does each country have? Answer: Each country has its own national governing body (BIW) affiliated to FIG Question: What are the best known gymnastic events? Answer: Competitive artistic gymnastics Question: What events does this normally consist of for women? Answer: vault, uneven bars, balance beam, and floor exercise. Question: What are the children's events? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What gymnastic event was discontinued? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who were the first to use still rings? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What sport evolved from polo? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does each city have? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: By 26 March, the growing refusal of soldiers to fire into the largely nonviolent protesting crowds turned into a full-scale tumult, and resulted into thousands of soldiers putting down their arms and joining the pro-democracy movement. That afternoon, Lieutenant Colonel Amadou Toumani Touré announced on the radio that he had arrested the dictatorial president, Moussa Traoré. As a consequence, opposition parties were legalized and a national congress of civil and political groups met to draft a new democratic constitution to be approved by a national referendum. Question: Who announced over the Radio that the president had been arrested? Answer: Lieutenant Colonel Amadou Toumani Touré Question: Thousands of soldiers put their weapons down and joined what type of efforts? Answer: pro-democracy Question: The non violent protesting led the soldiers to engage in what type of behavior? Answer: refusal of soldiers to fire Question: Opposing groups met to make and create what kind of democratic laws? Answer: constitution Question: What group was to approve the new democratic constitution? Answer: a national referendum Question: Who willingly fired into the nonviolent protesters? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did students refused to do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did students lay down? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Moussa Traore arrest? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was made illegal as a result of Moussa's arrest? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The rebellion of fellow Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh had an immediate effect in Armenia itself. Daily demonstrations, which began in the Armenian capital Yerevan on February 18, initially attracted few people, but each day the Nagorno-Karabakh issue became increasingly prominent and numbers swelled. On February 20, a 30,000-strong crowd demonstrated in Theater Square, by February 22, there were 100,000, the next day 300,000, and a transport strike was declared, by February 25, there were close to 1 million demonstrators – about a quarter of Armenia's population. This was the first of the large, peaceful public demonstrations that would become a feature of communism's overthrow in Prague, Berlin, and, ultimately, Moscow. Leading Armenian intellectuals and nationalists, including future first President of independent Armenia Levon Ter-Petrossian, formed the eleven-member Karabakh Committee to lead and organize the new movement. Question: Where were the first demonstrations in Armenia? Answer: Yerevan Question: What is the capitol of Armenia? Answer: Yerevan Question: How many people protested on February 23? Answer: 300,000, Question: What sort of strike was called? Answer: transport Question: What percentage of Armenia's total population protested on February 25? Answer: about a quarter
Context: The complete technical disclosure of the Columbia LP by Peter C. Goldmark, Rene' Snepvangers and William S. Bachman in 1949 made it possible for a great variety of record companies to get into the business of making long playing records. The business grew quickly and interest spread in high fidelity sound and the do-it-yourself market for pickups, turntables, amplifier kits, loudspeaker enclosure plans, and AM/FM radio tuners. The LP record for longer works, 45 rpm for pop music, and FM radio became high fidelity program sources in demand. Radio listeners heard recordings broadcast and this in turn generated more record sales. The industry flourished. Question: When was the business booming for do it yourself sound fanatics? Answer: 1949 Question: What kind of recordings worked best for pop music? Answer: 45 rpm Question: What was used for longer recordings? Answer: LP record Question: What opened doors for long recordings? Answer: The complete technical disclosure of the Columbia LP by Peter C. Goldmark, Rene' Snepvangers and William S. Bachman Question: What aided in records sales in the 1950s? Answer: Radio listeners heard recordings broadcast
Context: Education in Israel is highly valued in the national culture with its historical values dating back to Ancient Israel and was viewed as one fundamental blocks of ancient Israelite life. Israeli culture views higher education as the key to higher mobility and socioeconomic status in Israeli society. The emphasis of education within Israeli society goes to the gulf within the Jewish diaspora from the Renaissance and Enlightenment Movement all the way to the roots of Zionism in the 1880s. Jewish communities in the Levant were the first to introduce compulsory education for which the organized community, not less than the parents, was responsible for the education of the next generation of Jews. With contemporary Jewish culture's strong emphasis, promotion of scholarship and learning and the strong propensity to promote cultivation of intellectual pursuits as well as the nations high university educational attainment rate exemplifies how highly Israeli society values higher education. The Israeli education system has been praised for various reasons, including its high quality and its major role in spurring Israel's economic development and technological boom. Many international business leaders and organizations such as Microsoft founder Bill Gates have praised Israel for its high quality of education in helping spur Israel's economic development. In 2012, the country ranked second among OECD countries (tied with Japan and after Canada) for the percentage of 25- to 64-year-olds that have attained tertiary education with 46 percent compared with the OECD average of 32 percent. In addition, nearly twice as many Israelis aged 55–64 held a higher education degree compared to other OECD countries, with 47 percent holding an academic degree compared with the OECD average of 25%. In 2012, the country ranked third in the world in the number of academic degrees per capita (20 percent of the population). Question: What was Israel ranked among OECD countries? Answer: second Question: What did it rank in the number of academic degrees per capita? Answer: third Question: Who praised Israel for its high quality education? Answer: Bill Gates
Context: It is considered that overeating and lack of muscle tone is the main cause of a beer belly, rather than beer consumption. A 2004 study, however, found a link between binge drinking and a beer belly. But with most overconsumption, it is more a problem of improper exercise and overconsumption of carbohydrates than the product itself. Several diet books quote beer as having an undesirably high glycemic index of 110, the same as maltose; however, the maltose in beer undergoes metabolism by yeast during fermentation so that beer consists mostly of water, hop oils and only trace amounts of sugars, including maltose. Question: In addition to a lack of muscle tone, what is believed to be the main cause of the beer belly? Answer: overeating Question: What condition was attributed to binge drinking in a 2004 study? Answer: beer belly Question: What is believed to be the glycemic index in beer? Answer: 110 Question: What is the glycemic index in maltose? Answer: 110 Question: What is caused by overeating and drinking beer? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did a 2400 study find a link between? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Some books quote a glycemic index of 114 for what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In heartwood it occurs only in the first and last forms. Wood that is thoroughly air-dried retains 8–16% of the water in the cell walls, and none, or practically none, in the other forms. Even oven-dried wood retains a small percentage of moisture, but for all except chemical purposes, may be considered absolutely dry. Question: What does wood retain in its cell walls despite being air-dried? Answer: water Question: Air-dried wood keeps up to what percentage of the water in its cell walls? Answer: 16 Question: What kind of dried wood retains a small quantity of water but is considered absolutely dry? Answer: oven-dried
Context: The Sun had the largest circulation of any daily newspaper in the United Kingdom, but in late 2013 slipped to second largest Saturday newspaper behind the Daily Mail. It had an average daily circulation of 2.2 million copies in March 2014. Between July and December 2013 the paper had an average daily readership of approximately 5.5 million, with approximately 31% of those falling into the ABC1 demographic and 68% in the C2DE demographic. Approximately 41% of readers are women. The Sun has been involved in many controversies in its history, including its coverage of the 1989 Hillsborough football stadium disaster. Regional editions of the newspaper for Scotland, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland are published in Glasgow (The Scottish Sun), Belfast (The Sun) and Dublin (The Irish Sun) respectively. Question: Which newspaper overtook The Sun as largest Saturday UK newspaper? Answer: Daily Mail Question: What was the sun's circulation per day in March 2014? Answer: 2.2 million copies Question: What was the largest demographic for readers of The Sun? Answer: C2DE demographic Question: What is the percentage of The Sun readers who are women? Answer: Approximately 41% Question: What is one controversial event covered by The Sun? Answer: 1989 Hillsborough football stadium disaster
Context: The Boston Globe wrote that "if there's one school that can lay claim to educating the nation's top national leaders over the past three decades, it's Yale." Yale alumni were represented on the Democratic or Republican ticket in every U.S. Presidential election between 1972 and 2004. Yale-educated Presidents since the end of the Vietnam War include Gerald Ford, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush, and major-party nominees during this period include John Kerry (2004), Joseph Lieberman (Vice President, 2000), and Sargent Shriver (Vice President, 1972). Other Yale alumni who made serious bids for the Presidency during this period include Hillary Clinton (2008), Howard Dean (2004), Gary Hart (1984 and 1988), Paul Tsongas (1992), Pat Robertson (1988) and Jerry Brown (1976, 1980, 1992). Question: What did the Boston Globe have to say about Yale? Answer: "if there's one school that can lay claim to educating the nation's top national leaders over the past three decades, it's Yale." Question: Which US presidents since the Vietnam War have studied at Yale? Answer: Gerald Ford, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush Question: What well known presidential candidates also studied at Yale? Answer: Hillary Clinton (2008), Howard Dean (2004), Gary Hart (1984 and 1988), Paul Tsongas (1992), Pat Robertson (1988) and Jerry Brown (1976, 1980, 1992). Question: What non winning major party nominees studied at Yale? Answer: John Kerry (2004), Joseph Lieberman (Vice President, 2000), and Sargent Shriver (Vice President, 1972) Question: How many times were Yale alumni on a presidential ticket between 1972 and 2004 Answer: every Question: What didn't the Boston Globe have to say about Yale? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What unknown presidential candidates also studied at Yale? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which US presidents since before the Vietnam War have studied at Yale? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What non winning minor party nominees studied at Yale? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many times were Yale alumni on a presidential ticket between 1927 and 2004 Answer: Unanswerable
Context: This set inherits a group operation (sometimes called coset multiplication, or coset addition) from the original group G: (gN) • (hN) = (gh)N for all g and h in G. This definition is motivated by the idea (itself an instance of general structural considerations outlined above) that the map G → G / N that associates to any element g its coset gN be a group homomorphism, or by general abstract considerations called universal properties. The coset eN = N serves as the identity in this group, and the inverse of gN in the quotient group is (gN)−1 = (g−1)N.e[›] Question: What is another term for coset multiplication? Answer: coset addition Question: What group operation is taken by the set from the original group? Answer: coset multiplication Question: What group does the inverse of gN include? Answer: quotient group Question: What is the original group sometimes called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are group homomorphisms called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the Coset gN serve as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group operation is taken by the original group from the set? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The inverse of gN excludes what group? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Hunting is claimed to give resource managers an important tool in managing populations that might exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other species, or, in some instances, damage human health or safety.[citation needed] However, in most circumstances carrying capacity is determined by a combination habitat and food availability, and hunting for 'population control' has no effect on the annual population of species.[citation needed] In some cases, it can increase the population of predators such as coyotes by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established, resulting in excess neighbouring migrations into an area, thus artificially increasing the population. Hunting advocates[who?] assert that hunting reduces intraspecific competition for food and shelter, reducing mortality among the remaining animals. Some environmentalists assert[who?] that (re)introducing predators would achieve the same end with greater efficiency and less negative effect, such as introducing significant amounts of free lead into the environment and food chain. Question: What does hunting give resource managers an important tool? Answer: managing populations Question: What is carrying capacity in most circumstances determined by? Answer: combination habitat and food availability, Question: What do some environmentalists assert reintroducing predators would achieve? Answer: same end Question: How is hunting an important tool for resource managers? Answer: managing populations Question: What happens if a population exceeds the carrying capacity of their habitat? Answer: threaten the well-being of other species Question: How can hunting actually increase the population of predators? Answer: by removing territorial bounds that would otherwise be established Question: What do some hunting advocates assert that is indirectly reduced among animals when intraspecific competition has been reduced? Answer: mortality Question: What would environmentalists have done, instead of hunting? Answer: (re)introducing predators Question: What is an important tool in managing populations? Answer: Hunting Question: What is carrying capacity determined by? Answer: combination habitat and food availability Question: What can it increase the population of? Answer: predators Question: What does animal migration help resource managers do? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does animal migration threaten the well-being of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who's health can be damaged by animal migration? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does animal migration reduce competition for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does using migration as population control have no effect on? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Adult contemporary traces its roots to the 1960s easy listening format, which adopted a 70-80% instrumental - 20-30% vocal mix. A few offered 90% instrumentals, and a handful were entirely instrumental. The easy listening format, as it was first known, was born of a desire by some radio stations in the late 1950s and early 1960s to continue playing current hit songs but distinguish themselves from being branded as "rock and roll" stations. Billboard first published the Easy Listening chart July 17, 1961, with 20 songs; the first number one was "Boll Weevil Song" by Brook Benton. The chart described itself as "not too far out in either direction". Question: From what decade of easy listening radio does adult contemporary trace its heritage? Answer: 1960s Question: Generally speaking, what percentage of music on easy listening stations was instrumental? Answer: 70-80% Question: On what date was the Billboard easy listening chart first published? Answer: July 17, 1961 Question: How many songs were on the first Billboard easy listening chart? Answer: 20 Question: Who performed the first #1 on the easy listening chart? Answer: Brook Benton
Context: The major landmark of puberty for males is the first ejaculation, which occurs, on average, at age 13. For females, it is menarche, the onset of menstruation, which occurs, on average, between ages 12 and 13. The age of menarche is influenced by heredity, but a girl's diet and lifestyle contribute as well. Regardless of genes, a girl must have a certain proportion of body fat to attain menarche. Consequently, girls who have a high-fat diet and who are not physically active begin menstruating earlier, on average, than girls whose diet contains less fat and whose activities involve fat reducing exercise (e.g. ballet and gymnastics). Girls who experience malnutrition or are in societies in which children are expected to perform physical labor also begin menstruating at later ages. Question: What is a male's major landmark of puberty? Answer: first ejaculation Question: At what average age does a male's first ejaculation occur? Answer: 13 Question: What is a female's major landmark of puberty? Answer: menstruation Question: Besides heredity, what other factors contribute to when menustration begins? Answer: diet and lifestyle Question: Do girls who are malnourished start menustrating earlier or later than those with high-fat diets? Answer: later
Context: All the electromagnetic motors, and that includes the types mentioned here derive the torque from the vector product of the interacting fields. For calculating the torque it is necessary to know the fields in the air gap . Once these have been established by mathematical analysis using FEA or other tools the torque may be calculated as the integral of all the vectors of force multiplied by the radius of each vector. The current flowing in the winding is producing the fields and for a motor using a magnetic material the field is not linearly proportional to the current. This makes the calculation difficult but a computer can do the many calculations needed. Question: What needs to be known to calculate torque? Answer: fields in the air gap Question: How are the many calculations to determine torque done? Answer: FEA Question: How is torque determined? Answer: from the vector product of the interacting fields Question: What is the formulia to determine torque? Answer: the integral of all the vectors of force multiplied by the radius of each vector Question: What needs to be unknown to calculate torque? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How are the very few calculations to determine torque done? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is torque undetermined? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the formula to not determine torque? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Some modern day physicists and science writers—such as Paul Davies and John Gribbin—have argued that materialism has been disproven by certain scientific findings in physics, such as quantum mechanics and chaos theory. In 1991, Gribbin and Davies released their book The Matter Myth, the first chapter of which, "The Death of Materialism", contained the following passage: Question: What are some of the findings that support their argument? Answer: quantum mechanics and chaos theory. Question: What is the name of the 1991 book by Paul Davies and John Gribbins? Answer: The Matter Myth Question: When was Paul Davies born? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was John Gribbin born? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who believes materialism has been proven by scientific findings? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who believes that physics defined materialism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote the chapter "The Birth of Materialism"? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the century after the death of Osman I, Ottoman rule began to extend over the Eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans. Osman's son, Orhan, captured the northwestern Anatolian city of Bursa in 1324, and made it the new capital of the Ottoman state. This Ottoman conquest meant the loss of Byzantine control over northwestern Anatolia. The important city of Thessaloniki was captured from the Venetians in 1387. The Ottoman victory at Kosovo in 1389 effectively marked the end of Serbian power in the region, paving the way for Ottoman expansion into Europe. The Battle of Nicopolis in 1396, widely regarded as the last large-scale crusade of the Middle Ages, failed to stop the advance of the victorious Ottoman Turks. Question: Which city did Osman's son capture? Answer: Bursa Question: In what year did Osman's son capture an Anatolian city? Answer: 1324 Question: What was the name of the son of Osman that captured an Anatolian city? Answer: Orhan Question: What city was captured from the Venetians in 1387? Answer: Thessaloniki Question: In what year did the Ottoman's have a victory at Kosovo? Answer: 1389
Context: Although not without conflict, European/Canadian early interactions with First Nations and Inuit populations were relatively peaceful compared to the experience of native peoples in the United States. Combined with a late economic development in many regions, this relatively peaceful history has allowed Canadian Indigenous peoples to have a fairly strong influence on the early national culture while preserving their own identity. From the late 18th century, European Canadians encouraged Aboriginals to assimilate into their own culture, referred to as "Canadian culture". These attempts reached a climax in the late 19th and early 20th centuries with forced integration. National Aboriginal Day recognises the cultures and contributions of Aboriginal peoples of Canada. There are currently over 600 recognized First Nations governments or bands encompassing 1,172,790 2006 people spread across Canada with distinctive Aboriginal cultures, languages, art, and music. Question: What were the early interactions between First Nations and Europeans? Answer: relatively peaceful Question: What have Canadian indigenous peoples been able to have a strong influence on? Answer: national culture Question: How long have European Canadians been encouraging Aboriginals to assimilate into their culture? Answer: late 18th century Question: What does National Aboriginal Day recognize from the Aboriginal peoples of Canada? Answer: cultures and contributions Question: How many recognized First Nations governments are spread across Canada? Answer: over 600
Context: However, some scholars contest the idea of a Proto-Euphratean language or one substrate language. It has been suggested by them and others, that the Sumerian language was originally that of the hunter and fisher peoples, who lived in the marshland and the Eastern Arabia littoral region, and were part of the Arabian bifacial culture. Reliable historical records begin much later; there are none in Sumer of any kind that have been dated before Enmebaragesi (c. 26th century BC). Professor Juris Zarins believes the Sumerians were settled along the coast of Eastern Arabia, today's Persian Gulf region, before it flooded at the end of the Ice Age. Question: Some scholars contest that there was only one what? Answer: substrate language Question: Who do some scholars think the Sumerian language originally belonged to? Answer: hunter and fisher peoples Question: Where did the original Sumerians live? Answer: marshland Question: What culture did the peoples who would be called Sumerian have a part in? Answer: Arabian bifacial Question: When were the earliest historical records of Sumer? Answer: 26th century BC Question: What language is believed to have started among nomadic people? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What people lived in river region of Arabia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was king in the 2600's BC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who believes the Sumerians lived in the area of modern Persia? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In addition to the principal cast, Alessandro Cremona was cast as Marco Sciarra, Stephanie Sigman was cast as Estrella, and Detlef Bothe was cast as a villain for scenes shot in Austria. In February 2015 over fifteen hundred extras were hired for the pre-title sequence set in Mexico, though they were duplicated in the film, giving the effect of around ten thousand extras. Question: How many actual people were used for the opening sequence of Spectre? Answer: fifteen hundred Question: Which actor portrayed Marco Sciarra? Answer: Alessandro Cremona Question: Estrella was played by which actress? Answer: Stephanie Sigman Question: When was the opening scene of Spectre filmed? Answer: February 2015 Question: Where was the pre-title scene in Spectre filmed? Answer: Mexico Question: In which country were the scenes with Detlef Bothe shot? Answer: Austria. Question: Who was cast as Marco Sciarra? Answer: Alessandro Cremona Question: What character did Stephanie Sigma portray? Answer: Estrella Question: Alessandro who was cast as Estrella? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was cast as a hero for scenes set in Austria? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Over one hundred extras were hired for what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In February 2005, how many extras were hired for the pre-title sequence? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Housekeeping genes are critical for carrying out basic cell functions and so are expressed at a relatively constant level (constitutively). Since their expression is constant, housekeeping genes are used as experimental controls when analysing gene expression. Not all essential genes are housekeeping genes since some essential genes are developmentally regulated or expressed at certain times during the organism's life cycle. Question: What type of genes are necessary for performing basic cell functions? Answer: Housekeeping genes Question: At what relative level are housekeeping genes expressed at? Answer: constant Question: When investigating gene expression, what type of genes are used as a control for experiments? Answer: housekeeping genes Question: How are some essential genes regulated? Answer: developmentally Question: When are some essential genes expressed? Answer: at certain times during the organism's life cycle
Context: However, William Woodthorpe Tarn, between World War I and World War II and the heyday of the League of Nations, focused on the issues of racial and cultural confrontation and the nature of colonial rule. Michael Rostovtzeff, who fled the Russian Revolution, concentrated predominantly on the rise of the capitalist bourgeoisie in areas of Greek rule. Arnaldo Momigliano, an Italian Jew who wrote before and after the Second World War, studied the problem of mutual understanding between races in the conquered areas. Moses Hadas portrayed an optimistic picture of synthesis of culture from the perspective of the 1950s, while Frank William Walbank in the 1960s and 1970s had a materialistic approach to the Hellenistic period, focusing mainly on class relations. Recently, however, papyrologist C. Préaux has concentrated predominantly on the economic system, interactions between kings and cities and provides a generally pessimistic view on the period. Peter Green, on the other hand, writes from the point of view of late 20th century liberalism, his focus being on individualism, the breakdown of convention, experiments and a postmodern disillusionment with all institutions and political processes. Question: Who focused on the issue of racial and cultural confrontation? Answer: William Woodthorpe Tarn Question: Which organization did Michael Rostovtzeff flee from? Answer: Russian Revolution Question: Who studied the problem mutual understanding between races in conquered areas? Answer: Arnaldo Momigliano Question: Frank William Walbank mainly focused on which relations in his depictions of Hellinistic culture? Answer: class Question: Whish Hellinistic historian focused primarely on the economic system? Answer: C. Préaux
Context: Logically, no number of positive outcomes at the level of experimental testing can confirm a scientific theory, but a single counterexample is logically decisive: it shows the theory, from which the implication is derived, to be false. To say that a given statement (e.g., the statement of a law of some scientific theory) -- [call it "T"] -- is "falsifiable" does not mean that "T" is false. Rather, it means that, if "T" is false, then (in principle), "T" could be shown to be false, by observation or by experiment. Popper's account of the logical asymmetry between verification and falsifiability lies at the heart of his philosophy of science. It also inspired him to take falsifiability as his criterion of demarcation between what is, and is not, genuinely scientific: a theory should be considered scientific if, and only if, it is falsifiable. This led him to attack the claims of both psychoanalysis and contemporary Marxism to scientific status, on the basis that their theories are not falsifiable. Question: Popper pointed out an important logical asymmetry between what two concepts? Answer: verification and falsifiability Question: What does Popper say demarcates scientific theory from non-science? Answer: falsifiability Question: What political theory did Popper say did not meet his falsifiability criterion? Answer: Marxism Question: What branch of psychology was Popper critical of for not producing falsifiable theory? Answer: psychoanalysis Question: Popper pointed out a logical symmetry between what two concepts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What lies at the heart of Einstein's philosophy about science? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What discouraged Popper from taking falsifiability as his criterion of demarcation between things that are scientific and not scientific? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What ideology did Popper raise to scientific status? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What ideology did Popper claim was falsifiable? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In July 1943, as a result of the American Federation of Musicians boycott of US recording studios, the a cappella vocal group The Song Spinners had a best-seller with "Comin' In On A Wing And A Prayer". In the 1950s several recording groups, notably The Hi-Los and the Four Freshmen, introduced complex jazz harmonies to a cappella performances. The King's Singers are credited with promoting interest in small-group a cappella performances in the 1960s. In 1983 an a cappella group known as The Flying Pickets had a Christmas 'number one' in the UK with a cover of Yazoo's (known in the US as Yaz) "Only You". A cappella music attained renewed prominence from the late 1980s onward, spurred by the success of Top 40 recordings by artists such as The Manhattan Transfer, Bobby McFerrin, Huey Lewis and the News, All-4-One, The Nylons, Backstreet Boys and Boyz II Men.[citation needed] Question: What a cappella group rose to popularity in 1943? Answer: The Song Spinners Question: What was boycotted by American musicians in 1943? Answer: US recording studios Question: Who is credited for first introducing elements of Jazz into a cappella? Answer: The Hi-Los and the Four Freshmen Question: What number one song was covered by an a cappella group in 1983? Answer: "Only You" Question: During and after the 80's, what helped a cappella music rise in popularity? Answer: the success of Top 40 recordings Question: Who boycotted concerts in 1943? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who introduced jazz harmonies to a capella in the 40's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What number one hit did Yazoo have in 1983? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What gained renewed intrest the 1950's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did The Song Spinners have in the 1950's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of The Song Spinners best seller in the 1950's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the American Federation of Musicians introduce jazz to a cappella? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In 1983 what did The King's Singers promote? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did A cappella gain in July 1943? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The common practice period is when many of the ideas that make up western classical music took shape, standardized, or were codified. It began with the Baroque era, running from roughly 1600 to the middle of the 18th century. The Classical era followed, ending roughly around 1820. The Romantic era ran through the 19th century, ending about 1910. Question: When did many of the ideas that make up western classical music take shape? Answer: The common practice period Question: What began with the Baroque era? Answer: The common practice period Question: What era did the classical era follow? Answer: Baroque era Question: When did the classical era end? Answer: around 1820 Question: When did the romantic era end? Answer: about 1910
Context: The city was also home to the Royal Naval Engineering College; opened in 1880 in Keyham, it trained engineering students for five years before they completed the remaining two years of the course at Greenwich. The college closed in 1910, but in 1940 a new college opened at Manadon. This was renamed Dockyard Technical College in 1959 before finally closing in 1994; training was transferred to the University of Southampton. Question: What maritime institution of higher education existed in Plymouth as of 1880? Answer: the Royal Naval Engineering College Question: When did the Royal Naval Engineering College shut its doors in Plymouth? Answer: 1910 Question: What was the Royal Naval Engineering College renamed in 1959? Answer: Dockyard Technical College Question: In what year did the Dockyard Technical College close? Answer: 1994 Question: After the Dockyard Technical College closed, where were classes relocated to? Answer: University of Southampton
Context: Some of the later writers about the show were more positive, Michael Slezak, again of Entertainment Weekly, thought that "for all its bloated, synthetic, product-shilling, money-making trappings, Idol provides a once-a-year chance for the average American to combat the evils of today's music business." Singer Sheryl Crow, who was later to act as a mentor on the show, however took the view that the show "undermines art in every way and promotes commercialism". Pop music critic Ann Powers nevertheless suggested that Idol has "reshaped the American songbook", "led us toward a new way of viewing ourselves in relationship to mainstream popular culture", and connects "the classic Hollywood dream to the multicentered popular culture of the future." Others focused on the personalities in the show; Ramin Setoodeh of Newsweek accused judge Simon Cowell's cruel critiques in the show of helping to establish in the wider world a culture of meanness, that "Simon Cowell has dragged the rest of us in the mud with him." Some such as singer John Mayer disparaged the contestants, suggesting that those who appeared on Idol are not real artists with self-respect. Question: What publication does Michael Slezak write for? Answer: Entertainment Weekly Question: Who was accused of being mean and cruel on American Idol? Answer: Simon Cowell Question: What singer had bad things to say about contestants on American Idol? Answer: John Mayer Question: What magazine does Ramin Wetoodeh write for? Answer: Newsweek Question: Sheryl Crow felt the show undermined art and promoted what? Answer: commercialism Question: Who said that American Idol has reshaped the American songbook? Answer: Ann Powers Question: Who was accused of helping meanness thrive? Answer: Simon Cowell Question: Which singer said the contestants are not real artists with self respect? Answer: John Mayer
Context: Copper has been in use at least 10,000 years, but more than 95% of all copper ever mined and smelted has been extracted since 1900, and more than half was extracted in only the last 24 years. As with many natural resources, the total amount of copper on Earth is vast (around 1014 tons just in the top kilometer of Earth's crust, or about 5 million years' worth at the current rate of extraction). However, only a tiny fraction of these reserves is economically viable, given present-day prices and technologies. Various estimates of existing copper reserves available for mining vary from 25 years to 60 years, depending on core assumptions such as the growth rate. Recycling is a major source of copper in the modern world. Because of these and other factors, the future of copper production and supply is the subject of much debate, including the concept of peak copper, analogous to peak oil. Question: How long has copper been in use? Answer: at least 10,000 years Question: What percentage of copper has been extracted since 1900? Answer: 95% Question: How much of mined cooper has been extracted in the last 24 years? Answer: more than half Question: How much copper is estimated to exsist on earth? Answer: 1014 tons Question: What is a major source of cooper in modern times? Answer: Recycling Question: How long has copper been forbidden? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of copper has been stolen since 1900? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much of mined cooper has been extracted in the last 24 hours? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much copper is estimated to be missing on earth? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a minor source of cooper in modern times? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Christian Marian perspectives include a great deal of diversity. While some Christians such as Roman Catholics and Eastern Orthodox have well established Marian traditions, Protestants at large pay scant attention to Mariological themes. Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Anglican, and Lutherans venerate the Virgin Mary. This veneration especially takes the form of prayer for intercession with her Son, Jesus Christ. Additionally it includes composing poems and songs in Mary's honor, painting icons or carving statues of her, and conferring titles on Mary that reflect her position among the saints. Question: Who did Jesus paint icons and carve statues of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote poems and songs for Mary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which church first wrote the Mariological themes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who do the saints compose poems and songs about? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Guam is governed by a popularly elected governor and a unicameral 15-member legislature, whose members are known as senators. Guam elects one non-voting delegate, currently Democrat Madeleine Z. Bordallo, to the United States House of Representatives. U.S. citizens in Guam vote in a straw poll for their choice in the U.S. Presidential general election, but since Guam has no votes in the Electoral College, the poll has no real effect. However, in sending delegates to the Republican and Democratic national conventions, Guam does have influence in the national presidential race. These delegates are elected by local party conventions. Question: How many people make up the Guam legislation? Answer: 15 Question: Who is the current non-voting delegate for Guam? Answer: Democrat Madeleine Z. Bordallo Question: How many electoral votes does Guam currently have? Answer: Guam has no votes Question: Who elects one non-voting delegate to the United States House of Representatives? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the current governor of Guam? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is one of the current legislators in Guam? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Guam last send as a delegate to the Republican national convention? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What party is the current governor of Guam a member of? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the 1980s, lush jazz-R&B fusion (George Benson, Patti Austin, Al Jarreau) and stylish crossover R&B (Anita Baker and Luther Vandross, New Edition and Keith Sweat) were equally successful within the mainstream. In the 1990s and early 2000s (decade), artists as sonically contrasting as R. Kelly, Leona Lewis (mainly ballads) and Jill Scott both fit the bill, provided the audience for the material was mature. By riding and contributing to nearly all of the trends, no one has exemplified the style more than Babyface, whose career thrived over 20 years as a member of the Deele (Two Occasions), a solo artist (Whip Appeal, When Can I See You), and a songwriter/producer (Toni Braxton's Breathe Again, Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You). Question: What genre of music did Patti Austin perform? Answer: jazz-R&B fusion Question: Of what genre was the musician Keith Sweat? Answer: crossover R&B Question: During what decade were musicians like Al Jarreau and Luther Vandross notably successful? Answer: 1980s Question: What type of songs was Leona Lewis known for? Answer: ballads Question: Who wrote Boyz II Men's I'll Make Love to You? Answer: Babyface
Context: Referred to as "Hyderabadi", the residents of Hyderabad are predominantly Telugu and Urdu speaking people, with minority Bengali, Gujarati (including Memon), Kannada (including Nawayathi), Malayalam, Marathi, Marwari, Odia, Punjabi, Tamil and Uttar Pradeshi communities. Hyderabad is home to a unique dialect of Urdu called Hyderabadi Urdu, which is a type of Dakhini, and is the mother tongue of most Hyderabadi Muslims, a unique community who owe much of their history, language, cuisine, and culture to Hyderabad, and the various dynasties who previously ruled. Hadhrami Arabs, African Arabs, Armenians, Abyssinians, Iranians, Pathans and Turkish people are also present; these communities, of which the Hadhrami are the largest, declined after Hyderabad State became part of the Indian Union, as they lost the patronage of the Nizams. Question: What are the people who live in Hyderabad called? Answer: Hyderabadi Question: There are two main languages spoken by the people of Hyderabad, what are they? Answer: Telugu and Urdu Question: What is the main language of most Muslims from Hyderabad? Answer: Hyderabadi Urdu Question: Which is the largest ethnic community in Hyderabad? Answer: Hadhrami Question: Hyderabadi is a type of what langauge? Answer: Dakhini
Context: Tito was the chief architect of the second Yugoslavia, a socialist federation that lasted from 1943 to 1991–92. Despite being one of the founders of Cominform, soon he became the first Cominform member to defy Soviet hegemony and the only one to manage to leave Cominform and begin with its own socialist program. Tito was a backer of independent roads to socialism (sometimes referred to as "national communism"). In 1951 he implemented a self-management system that differentiated Yugoslavia from other socialist countries. A turn towards a model of market socialism brought economic expansion in the 1950s and 1960s and a decline during the 1970s. His internal policies included the suppression of nationalist sentiment and the promotion of the "brotherhood and unity" of the six Yugoslav nations. After Tito's death in 1980, tensions between the Yugoslav republics emerged and in 1991 the country disintegrated and went into a series of wars and unrest that lasted the rest of the decade, and which continue to impact most of the former Yugoslav republics. He remains a very controversial figure in the Balkans. Question: When did the second Yugoslavia start? Answer: 1943 Question: What group did Tito found? Answer: Cominform Question: When did Tito implement a self-management system that differentiated Yugoslavia from other socialist coutnries? Answer: 1951 Question: When did Yugoslavia disintegrate? Answer: 1991

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