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Context: In 1971, the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare approached Marvel Comics editor-in-chief Stan Lee to do a comic book story about drug abuse. Lee agreed and wrote a three-part Spider-Man story portraying drug use as dangerous and unglamorous. However, the industry's self-censorship board, the Comics Code Authority, refused to approve the story because of the presence of narcotics, deeming the context of the story irrelevant. Lee, with Goodman's approval, published the story regardless in The Amazing Spider-Man #96–98 (May–July 1971), without the Comics Code seal. The market reacted well to the storyline, and the CCA subsequently revised the Code the same year. Question: What government agency asked Marvel to do a series of stories to publicize an issue? Answer: United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Question: What issue was Marvel asked to tackle for this agency? Answer: drug abuse Question: What comic book series did stories related to this issue appear in? Answer: Spider-Man Question: What industry censorship and standards organization tried to block publication of this series? Answer: Comics Code Authority Question: What were the issue dates of the three-episode series on this public health issue? Answer: May–July 1971 Question: When did the Comics Code Authority request Marvel to do a comic on drug abuse? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the editor-in-chief of the Comics Code Authority? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What self-censorship board approved the controversial Spider-Man comic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What government-led department refused to approve the Spider-Man story? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During what months did the CCA revise its code? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 2005, Argentina's indigenous population (known as pueblos originarios) numbered about 600,329 (1.6% of total population); this figure includes 457,363 people who self-identified as belonging to an indigenous ethnic group and 142,966 who identified themselves as first-generation descendants of an indigenous people. The ten most populous indigenous peoples are the Mapuche (113,680 people), the Kolla (70,505), the Toba (69,452), the Guaraní (68,454), the Wichi (40,036), the Diaguita-Calchaquí (31,753), the Mocoví (15,837), the Huarpe (14,633), the Comechingón (10,863) and the Tehuelche (10,590). Minor but important peoples are the Quechua (6,739), the Charrúa (4,511), the Pilagá (4,465), the Chané (4,376), and the Chorote (2,613). The Selknam (Ona) people are now virtually extinct in its pure form. The languages of the Diaguita, Tehuelche, and Selknam nations have become extinct or virtually extinct: the Cacán language (spoken by Diaguitas) in the 18th century and the Selknam language in the 20th century; one Tehuelche language (Southern Tehuelche) is still spoken by a handful of elderly people. Question: What was the number of indigenous people in Argentina as of 2005? Answer: about 600,329 Question: How many Mapuche were there in Argentina in 2005? Answer: 113,680 Question: Who are the Quechua and Chorote? Answer: Minor but important peoples Question: What indigenous population is now virtually extinct? Answer: The Selknam Question: Who still speaks Southern Tehuelche? Answer: a handful of elderly people
Context: But, like many colors, it also had a negative association, with heat, destruction and evil. A prayer to god Isis said: "Oh Isis, protect me from all things evil and red." The ancient Egyptians began manufacturing pigments in about 4000 BC. Red ochre was widely used as a pigment for wall paintings, particularly as the skin color of men. An ivory painter's palette found inside the tomb of King Tutankhamun had small compartments with pigments of red ochre and five other colors. The Egyptians used the root of the rubia, or madder plant, to make a dye, later known as alizarin, and also used it to color white power to use as a pigment, which became known as madder lake, alizarin or alizarin crimson. Question: When did Egyptians start to make red pigment? Answer: 4000 BC Question: What pigment was used for male skin tone in ancient wall art? Answer: Red ochre Question: What root did Egyptians use to source their red pigment alizarin? Answer: the rubia Question: What type of palette was found in Tutankhamun's tomb? Answer: ivory painter's palette Question: What dye did the Egyptians make using the madder plant? Answer: alizarin Question: What did a prayer to God say in regard to the color red? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who began manufacturing pigments in about 400 BC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What color was widely used for wall paintings by ivory painters? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who used the white alizarin to make crimson pigment? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Burke supported the war against revolutionary France, seeing Britain as fighting on the side of the royalists and émigres in a civil war, rather than fighting against the whole nation of France. Burke also supported the royalist uprising in La Vendée, describing it on 4 November 1793 in a letter to William Windham, as "the sole affair I have much heart in". Burke wrote to Henry Dundas on 7 October urging him to send reinforcements there, as he viewed it as the only theatre in the war that might lead to a march on Paris. Dundas did not follow Burke's advice, however. Question: Who did Burke write to on Nov 4, 1793? Answer: William Windham Question: Which faction's uprising in La Vendee did Burke support? Answer: royalist Question: Who did Burke urge to send reinforcements to La Vendee? Answer: Henry Dundas Question: Where did Burke think La Vendee might lead to a march on? Answer: Paris Question: What did Burke support Britain fighting against? Answer: revolutionary France Question: Who wrote to Burke on Nov 4, 1793? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What faction was Burke opposed to in La Vendée? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Henry Dundas write to Burke? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose advice did Dundas heed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Burke considered supporting the war against the revolution as being against which nation? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: By the early 20th century balloon, or airship, guns, for land and naval use were attracting attention. Various types of ammunition were proposed, high explosive, incendiary, bullet-chains, rod bullets and shrapnel. The need for some form of tracer or smoke trail was articulated. Fuzing options were also examined, both impact and time types. Mountings were generally pedestal type, but could be on field platforms. Trials were underway in most countries in Europe but only Krupp, Erhardt, Vickers Maxim, and Schneider had published any information by 1910. Krupp's designs included adaptations of their 65 mm 9-pounder, a 75 mm 12-pounder, and even a 105 mm gun. Erhardt also had a 12-pounder, while Vickers Maxim offered a 3-pounder and Schneider a 47 mm. The French balloon gun appeared in 1910, it was an 11-pounder but mounted on a vehicle, with a total uncrewed weight of 2 tons. However, since balloons were slow moving, sights were simple. But the challenges of faster moving airplanes were recognised. Question: What kind of guns started attracting attention? Answer: balloon, or airship, guns Question: In addition to ammo proposals, what other need was articulated? Answer: The need for some form of tracer or smoke trail Question: The impact and time types of what were analyzed? Answer: Fuzing options Question: As of 1910, who had published info available for gun designs? Answer: Krupp, Erhardt, Vickers Maxim, and Schneider Question: What gun made the scene in 1910? Answer: French balloon gun
Context: In 1725 Yongzheng bestowed the hereditary title of Marquis on a descendant of the Ming dynasty Imperial family, Zhu Zhiliang, who received a salary from the Qing government and whose duty was to perform rituals at the Ming tombs, and was also inducted the Chinese Plain White Banner in the Eight Banners. Later the Qianlong Emperor bestowed the title Marquis of Extended Grace posthumously on Zhu Zhuliang in 1750, and the title passed on through twelve generations of Ming descendants until the end of the Qing dynasty. Question: Who did Yongzheng call Marquis? Answer: Zhu Zhiliang Question: When did Yongzheng give this title? Answer: 1725 Question: What was Zhu's job? Answer: perform rituals
Context: The word phonology comes from the Greek φωνή, phōnḗ, "voice, sound," and the suffix -logy (which is from Greek λόγος, lógos, "word, speech, subject of discussion"). Definitions of the term vary. Nikolai Trubetzkoy in Grundzüge der Phonologie (1939) defines phonology as "the study of sound pertaining to the system of language," as opposed to phonetics, which is "the study of sound pertaining to the act of speech" (the distinction between language and speech being basically Saussure's distinction between langue and parole). More recently, Lass (1998) writes that phonology refers broadly to the subdiscipline of linguistics concerned with the sounds of language, while in more narrow terms, "phonology proper is concerned with the function, behavior and organization of sounds as linguistic items." According to Clark et al. (2007), it means the systematic use of sound to encode meaning in any spoken human language, or the field of linguistics studying this use. Question: What language does phonology as a word come from? Answer: Greek Question: What Greek word is -logy derived from? Answer: lógos Question: Who in 1939 defined phonology? Answer: Nikolai Trubetzkoy Question: A distinction was drawn between language and what? Answer: speech Question: When did Lass write about phonology? Answer: 1998 Question: What language does speech as a word come from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Greek word is speech derived from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who in 1939 defined speech? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A distinction was drawn between phonology and what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Lass write about speech? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During World War II, the British destroyed the major government buildings, oil wells and mines for tungsten, tin, lead and silver to keep them from the Japanese. Myanmar was bombed extensively by both sides. After independence, the country was in ruins with its major infrastructure completely destroyed. After a parliamentary government was formed in 1948, Prime Minister U Nu embarked upon a policy of nationalisation and the state was declared the owner of all land. The government also tried to implement a poorly considered Eight-Year plan. By the 1950s, rice exports had fallen by two thirds and mineral exports by over 96% (as compared to the pre-World War II period). Plans were partly financed by printing money, which led to inflation. Question: How did world war two affect Burmese business and economy ? Answer: British destroyed the major government buildings, oil wells and mines for tungsten, tin, lead and silver to keep them from the Japanese. Question: How was the Burma framework affected by WWII ? Answer: the country was in ruins with its major infrastructure completely destroyed. Question: What lead to the architectural changes in Myanmar ? Answer: bombed extensively Question: Who was credited with changes that occurred to the interior due to the war's effects ? Answer: bombed extensively by both sides Question: When was Myanmar given sovereignty to rule it's own nation ? Answer: 1948, Prime Minister U Nu embarked upon a policy of nationalisation and the state was declared the owner of all land.
Context: RMIT University was also ranked among the top 51–100 universities in the world in the subjects of: accounting, Business and Management, communication and media studies, computer science and information systems. The Swinburne University of Technology, based in the inner city Melbourne suburb of Hawthorn is ranked 76–100 in the world for Physics by the Academic Ranking of World Universities making Swinburne the only Australian university outside the Group of Eight to achieve a top 100 rating in a science discipline. Deakin University maintains two major campuses in Melbourne and Geelong, and is the third largest university in Victoria. In recent years, the number of international students at Melbourne's universities has risen rapidly, a result of an increasing number of places being made available to full fee paying students. Education in Melbourne is overseen by the Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD), whose role is to 'provide policy and planning advice for the delivery of education'. Question: Which university maintains two major campuses in Melbourne and Geelong and is the third largest university in Victoria? Answer: Deakin University Question: What is the role of the DEECD? Answer: 'provide policy and planning advice for the delivery of education Question: Who oversees education in Melbourne? Answer: Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD)
Context: The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights against the states. While it has not been fully implemented, the doctrine of incorporation has been used to ensure, through the Due Process Clause and Privileges and Immunities Clause, the application of most of the rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights to the states. Question: When was the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution created? Answer: post-Civil War Question: What was the intent of the 14th Amendment? Answer: secure rights for former slaves Question: What clauses does the 14th Amendment include? Answer: due process and equal protection clauses Question: What does the 14th Amendment also introduce the concept of? Answer: incorporation of all relevant federal rights against the states Question: What has the doctrine of incorporation been used to ensure? Answer: application of most of the rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights to the states Question: When was the 13th Amendment to the US Constitution created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the intent of the 13th Amendment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What clauses does the 13th Amendment include? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the 13th Amendment also introduce the concept of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has the doctrine of incorporation been used to not ensure? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The colloquialism "buck"(s) (much like the British word "quid"(s, pl) for the pound sterling) is often used to refer to dollars of various nations, including the U.S. dollar. This term, dating to the 18th century, may have originated with the colonial leather trade. It may also have originated from a poker term. "Greenback" is another nickname originally applied specifically to the 19th century Demand Note dollars created by Abraham Lincoln to finance the costs of the Civil War for the North. The original note was printed in black and green on the back side. It is still used to refer to the U.S. dollar (but not to the dollars of other countries). Other well-known names of the dollar as a whole in denominations include "greenmail", "green" and "dead presidents" (the last because deceased presidents are pictured on most bills). Question: What is the British equivalent of a "buck"? Answer: quid Question: In which century can the term "buck" be traced back to? Answer: 18th Question: What kind of trade may have been the origin of the "buck"? Answer: colonial leather trade Question: What was the nickname given to the Demand Note dollars that were used to finance the Civil War? Answer: Greenback Question: What color other than green was used on the backside of the original note? Answer: black Question: What is the British equivalent of a "whole"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which century can the term "whole" be traced back to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of trade may have been the origin of the "whole"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the nickname given to the Demand Bill dollars that were used to finance the buck? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What color other than red was used on the backside of the original note? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Popper is known for his rejection of the classical inductivist views on the scientific method, in favour of empirical falsification: A theory in the empirical sciences can never be proven, but it can be falsified, meaning that it can and should be scrutinized by decisive experiments. He used the black swan fallacy to discuss falsification. If the outcome of an experiment contradicts the theory, one should refrain from ad hoc manoeuvres that evade the contradiction merely by making it less falsifiable. Popper is also known for his opposition to the classical justificationist account of knowledge, which he replaced with critical rationalism, "the first non-justificational philosophy of criticism in the history of philosophy." Question: Which classical views about the method of science did Popper reject? Answer: inductivist Question: Who proposed empirical falsification as the central principle of the scientific method? Answer: Popper Question: What is necessary for a scientific theory to be falsified? Answer: decisive experiments Question: Which account of knowledge did Popper contest? Answer: classical justificationist Question: What is the term for Popper's non-justificational theory of criticism? Answer: critical rationalism Question: Who is known for his embrace of the classical inductivist views? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who disproved empirical falsification as a central principle of the scientific method? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the white swan fallacy used to discuss? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What should a scientist do if the outcome of an experiment confirms the theory? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was known for his support of the classical justificationist account of knowledge? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: English is used as a second language in parts of Southern Europe. As a primary language, however, English has only a small presence in Southern Europe, only in Gibraltar (alongside Spanish) and Malta (secondary to Maltese). Question: What is considered a de facto second language in Mediterranean Europe? Answer: English Question: Besides English, what other language is spoken in Gibraltar? Answer: Spanish Question: Besides English, what other language is spoken in Malta? Answer: Maltese Question: What language is considered a defacto first langauge in Mediterranean Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language is the third most common in Malta? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language is the most common in Southern Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language is the third most common in Gibraltar? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does English have a large presence as a primary language? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the Church of England, the ecclesiastical courts that formerly decided many matters such as disputes relating to marriage, divorce, wills, and defamation, still have jurisdiction of certain church-related matters (e.g. discipline of clergy, alteration of church property, and issues related to churchyards). Their separate status dates back to the 12th century when the Normans split them off from the mixed secular/religious county and local courts used by the Saxons. In contrast to the other courts of England the law used in ecclesiastical matters is at least partially a civil law system, not common law, although heavily governed by parliamentary statutes. Since the Reformation, ecclesiastical courts in England have been royal courts. The teaching of canon law at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge was abrogated by Henry VIII; thereafter practitioners in the ecclesiastical courts were trained in civil law, receiving a Doctor of Civil Law (D.C.L.) degree from Oxford, or a Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) degree from Cambridge. Such lawyers (called "doctors" and "civilians") were centered at "Doctors Commons", a few streets south of St Paul's Cathedral in London, where they monopolized probate, matrimonial, and admiralty cases until their jurisdiction was removed to the common law courts in the mid-19th century. Question: In what institution do church courts still have relevant functions in secular society? Answer: the Church of England Question: In what century did Saxons and Normans separate? Answer: 12th Question: What type of law is not found in ecclesiastical systems in the modern day? Answer: common law Question: At which universities were canon law degrees abolished? Answer: Oxford and Cambridge Question: Who was responsible for banning canon law education from Oxford and Cambridge? Answer: Henry VIII Question: Where do church courts no longer function in secular society? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Normans split away from in the 1200s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In one country is ecclesiastical matters part of a common law system? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were ecclesiastical courts prior to the Reformation in England? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What universities offer Canon law degrees? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The story takes place during three years (1933–35) of the Great Depression in the fictional "tired old town" of Maycomb, Alabama, the seat of Maycomb County. It focuses on six-year-old Jean Louise Finch (Scout), who lives with her older brother, Jem, and their widowed father, Atticus, a middle-aged lawyer. Jem and Scout befriend a boy named Dill, who visits Maycomb to stay with his aunt each summer. The three children are terrified of, and fascinated by, their neighbor, the reclusive Arthur "Boo" Radley. The adults of Maycomb are hesitant to talk about Boo, and, for many years few have seen him. The children feed one another's imagination with rumors about his appearance and reasons for remaining hidden, and they fantasize about how to get him out of his house. After two summers of friendship with Dill, Scout and Jem find that someone leaves them small gifts in a tree outside the Radley place. Several times the mysterious Boo makes gestures of affection to the children, but, to their disappointment, he never appears in person. Question: Where is the setting for To Kill a Mockingbird? Answer: Maycomb, Alabama Question: How many years does the story of To Kill a Mockingbird take place? Answer: three Question: How many children does the protagonist, Atticus Finch, have? Answer: two Question: Atticus Finch's children make friends with whom during the story? Answer: Dill Question: What is the name of the town the story takes place in? Answer: Maycomb, Alabama Question: In what historical era does the book take place? Answer: the Great Depression Question: Who is the main character of the book? Answer: Jean Louise Finch (Scout)
Context: Hunting and gathering was humanity's first and most successful adaptation, occupying at least 90 percent of human history. Following the invention of agriculture, hunter-gatherers have been displaced or conquered by farming or pastoralist groups in most parts of the world. Question: What has been humans' best adaptation in food production? Answer: Hunting and gathering Question: What was the first way humans used to find food? Answer: Hunting and gathering Question: What stopped the widespread use of hunting and gathering? Answer: invention of agriculture Question: What are the basic types of agricultural groups? Answer: farming or pastoralist groups Question: What was humanity's second most successful adaptation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Following the invention of gathering, hunter-gatherers have been what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Hunting and gathering were represented by which groups? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which group has been displaced or conquered by farming? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which adaptation occupied at least 95 percent of human history? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during the period of German rule, and High German (including standard German). The percentage of Low Saxon and High German loanwords can be estimated at 22–25 percent, with Low Saxon making up about 15 percent.[citation needed] Question: Close to 33 percent of Estonian's vocabulary belong to what group of languages? Answer: Germanic languages Question: What is the main Germanic language from which Estonia gets the Germanic portion of its vocabulary? Answer: Low Saxon Question: When did Low Saxon make its appearance as part of the Estonian language? Answer: during the period of German rule Question: From what other Germanic language does Estonian derive its vocabulary? Answer: High German Question: Standard German is part of what Germanic language? Answer: High German Question: What language does Estonian have very close origins with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Low Saxon stop being part of the Estonian language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: From what non-Germanic language does Estonian derive its vocabulary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Non-Standard German is part of what Germanic language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Less than 30 percent of Estonian's vocabulary belong to what group of languages? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In September 2015, the 193 member states of the United Nations unanimously adopted the Sustainable Development Goals, a set of 17 goals aiming to transform the world over the next 15 years. These goals are designed to eliminate poverty, discrimination, abuse and preventable deaths, address environmental destruction, and usher in an era of development for all people, everywhere. Question: When did the U.N. vote to adopt the Sustainable Development Goals? Answer: 2015 Question: How many countries adopted the Sustainable Development Goals? Answer: 193 Question: How many Sustainable Development Goals are there? Answer: 17 Question: The Sustainable Development Goals are intended to change the world over what time period? Answer: 15 years Question: How many member states voted against Sustainable Development Goals? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many years did it take to form the goals? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What goals aimed at keeping things the same in the world? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which goals were designed to increase poverty? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was considered unimportant to the UN? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: DST is generally not observed near the equator, where sunrise times do not vary enough to justify it. Some countries observe it only in some regions; for example, southern Brazil observes it while equatorial Brazil does not. Only a minority of the world's population uses DST because Asia and Africa generally do not observe it. Question: Which part of Brazil observes Daylight Saving Time? Answer: southern Brazil Question: What part of Brazil does not observe DST? Answer: equatorial Brazil Question: Which two continents that comprise a majority of the population worldwide don't observe DST? Answer: Asia and Africa Question: The lack of fluctuation in time for what daily event means regions of the world near the equator don't usually keep DST? Answer: sunrise
Context: The term can be found used in an October 1845 Massachusetts Circuit Court ruling in the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown., in which Justice Charles L. Woodbury wrote that "only in this way can we protect intellectual property, the labors of the mind, productions and interests are as much a man's own...as the wheat he cultivates, or the flocks he rears." The statement that "discoveries are...property" goes back earlier. Section 1 of the French law of 1791 stated, "All new discoveries are the property of the author; to assure the inventor the property and temporary enjoyment of his discovery, there shall be delivered to him a patent for five, ten or fifteen years." In Europe, French author A. Nion mentioned propriété intellectuelle in his Droits civils des auteurs, artistes et inventeurs, published in 1846. Question: When was the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown ruled on? Answer: October 1845 Question: Which court ruled on the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown? Answer: Massachusetts Circuit Court Question: Who wrote that "only in this way can we protect intellectual property"? Answer: Justice Charles L. Woodbury Question: What year did the "discoveries are property" concept appear in French law? Answer: 1791 Question: When did French author A. Nion mention intellectual property? Answer: 1846 Question: What French author mentioned intellectual property in 1845? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who ruled on the 1846 patent case? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What justice wrote "All new discoveries are the property of the author" Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did French law state that " the labors of the mind, productions and interests are as much a man's own...as the wheat he cultivates"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is delivered to the nventor for anywhere from 1-15 years? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The first railway line in Galicia was inaugurated 15 September 1873. It ran from O Carril, Vilagarcía de Arousa to Cornes, Conxo, Santiago de Compostela. A second line was inaugurated in 1875, connecting A Coruña and Lugo. In 1883, Galicia was first connected by rail to the rest of Spain, by way of O Barco de Valdeorras. Galicia today has roughly 1,100 kilometres (680 mi) of rail lines. Several 1,668 mm (5 ft 5 21⁄32 in) Iberian gauge lines operated by Adif and Renfe Operadora connect all the important Galician cities. A 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) metre gauge line operated by FEVE connects Ferrol to Ribadeo and Oviedo. The only electrified line is the Ponferrada-Monforte de Lemos-Ourense-Vigo line. Several high-speed rail lines are under construction. Among these are the Olmedo-Zamora-Galicia high-speed rail line that opened partly in 2011, and the AVE Atlantic Axis route, which will connect all of the major Galician Atlantic coast cities A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, Pontevedra and Vigo to Portugal. Another projected AVE line will connect Ourense to Pontevedra and Vigo. Question: In which year did Galicia's first railway line open? Answer: 1873 Question: What is the name of its only electrified railway? Answer: Ponferrada-Monforte de Lemos-Ourense-Vigo
Context: The relationship between ethnic Greek identity and Greek Orthodox religion continued after the creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830. According to the second article of the first Greek constitution of 1822, a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece, a clause removed by 1840. A century later, when the Treaty of Lausanne was signed between Greece and Turkey in 1923, the two countries agreed to use religion as the determinant for ethnic identity for the purposes of population exchange, although most of the Greeks displaced (over a million of the total 1.5 million) had already been driven out by the time the agreement was signed.[note 1] The Greek genocide, in particular the harsh removal of Pontian Greeks from the southern shore area of the Black Sea, contemporaneous with and following the failed Greek Asia Minor Campaign, was part of this process of Turkification of the Ottoman Empire and the placement of its economy and trade, then largely in Greek hands under ethnic Turkish control. Question: When was the Greece that we know today officially formed ? Answer: creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830 Question: When was the original Grecian constitution formed ? Answer: first Greek constitution of 1822 Question: How did the original Constitution identify its society members ? Answer: a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece Question: Is this identifying factor for official citizens of Greece still in effect today ? Answer: clause removed by 1840 Question: What factor was used to expel or include citizens in the Lausanne Treaty ? Answer: agreed to use religion as the determinant for ethnic identity for the purposes of population exchange Question: When was the Greece that we know today unofficially formed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the original Grecian constitution not formed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did the original Constitution not identify its society members? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who removed this clause? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What factor was used to expel or include citizens outside of the Lausanne Treaty? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Another milestone in the early development of Baptist doctrine was in 1638 with John Spilsbury, a Calvinistic minister who helped to promote the strict practice of believer's baptism by immersion. According to Tom Nettles, professor of historical theology at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, "Spilsbury's cogent arguments for a gathered, disciplined congregation of believers baptized by immersion as constituting the New Testament church gave expression to and built on insights that had emerged within separatism, advanced in the life of John Smyth and the suffering congregation of Thomas Helwys, and matured in Particular Baptists." Question: When did John Spilsbury promote the strict practice of immersion? Answer: 1638 Question: Who promoted strict immersion baptism? Answer: John Spilsbury Question: Tom Nettles was a professor at what seminary? Answer: Southern Baptist Theological Seminary Question: What was Tom Nettles a professor of? Answer: historical theology Question: When did John Spilsbury create the strict practice of immersion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who destroyed strict immersion baptism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Tom Nettles was a student at what seminary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Tom Nettles a student of? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Most biological entities that are more complex than a virus sometimes or always carry additional genetic material besides that which resides in their chromosomes. In some contexts, such as sequencing the genome of a pathogenic microbe, "genome" is meant to include information stored on this auxiliary material, which is carried in plasmids. In such circumstances then, "genome" describes all of the genes and information on non-coding DNA that have the potential to be present. Question: What is an example of an organism that has a portion of its genetic material outside of its chromosomes? Answer: pathogenic microbe Question: What is an example of an organism whose full complement of genetic material resides in its chromosomes? Answer: virus Question: Where is additional genetic material found in pathogenic microbes? Answer: plasmids Question: What do viruses always carry within their structure? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is additional genetic material found in a virus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another word used for genome? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What organism has part of its genetic material inside a virus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do most viruses more complex than plasmids carry? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly supported the President of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev. Question: On what date was the office of President of the RSFSR created? Answer: March 17, 1991 Question: Who was the first President of the RSFSR? Answer: Boris Yeltsin Question: Who was the President of the Soviet Union in 1991? Answer: Mikhail Gorbachev Question: On what date did the first election for President of the RSFSR occur? Answer: June 12 Question: During what period was there an attempted coup in Moscow? Answer: August 19–21, 1991 Question: On what date was the office of President of the RSFSR not created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wasn't the first President of the RSFSR? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the President of the Soviet Union in 1919? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date did the second election for President of the RSFSR occur? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During what period was there an attempted coup in Kiev? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: RIBA Enterprises is the commercial arm of RIBA, with a registered office in Newcastle upon Tyne, a base at 15 Bonhill Street in London, and an office in Newark. It employs over 250 staff, approximately 180 of whom are based in Newcastle. Question: What is the name of the Royal Institute's business operation? Answer: RIBA Enterprises Question: Where does RIBA's business group have its headquarters office? Answer: 15 Bonhill Street in London Question: How many people work for RIBA Enterprises? Answer: over 250 Question: How many of RIBA Enterprises' staff are located at the Newcastle office? Answer: 180 Question: What is the name of the Royal Institute's academic operation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does RIBA's business group hide its headquarters office? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people quit working for RIBA Enterprises? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many of RIBA Enterprises' staff are not located at the Newcastle office? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Several South Slavic languages are spoken by millions of people in Southern Europe. Serbian is spoken in Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia; Bulgarian is spoken in Bulgaria; Croatian is spoken in Croatia and Bosnia; Bosnian is spoken in Bosnia; Slovene is spoken in Slovenia; and Macedonian is spoken in Macedonia. Question: What language is used in Macedonia? Answer: Macedonian Question: What do people speak in Bulgaria? Answer: Bulgarian Question: Slovene is a major language in what country? Answer: Slovenia Question: What is the most common Slavic language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is Bulgarian ale made? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is Croatian the second most common language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What languages are spoken by millions of people in Northern Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language is spoken in both Serbia and Croatia? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Historically, Iran has been referred to as Persia by the West, due mainly to the writings of Greek historians who called Iran Persis (Greek: Περσίς), meaning "land of the Persians." As the most extensive interactions the Ancient Greeks had with any outsider was with the Persians, the term persisted, even long after the Persian rule in Greece. However, Persis (Old Persian: Pārśa; Modern Persian: Pārse) was originally referred to a region settled by Persians in the west shore of Lake Urmia, in the 9th century BC. The settlement was then shifted to the southern end of the Zagros Mountains, and is today defined as Fars Province. Question: Which historians referred to Iran as Persis? Answer: Greek historians Question: What has the West historically referred Iran as? Answer: Persia Question: When did Persians settle on the west shore of Lake Urmia? Answer: the 9th century BC Question: After Lake Urmia, Persis then shifted over to what region? Answer: the southern end of the Zagros Mountains, Question: What is Persis known as today? Answer: Fars Province
Context: The Arians no longer presented an unbroken front to their orthodox opponents. The Emperor Constantius, who had been the cause of so much trouble, died 4 November, 361 and was succeeded by Julian. The proclamation of the new prince's accession was the signal for a pagan outbreak against the still dominant Arian faction in Alexandria. George, the usurping Bishop, was flung into prison and murdered. An obscure presbyter of the name of Pistus was immediately chosen by the Arians to succeed him, when fresh news arrived that filled the orthodox party with hope. An edict had been put forth by Julian permitting the exiled bishops of the "Galileans" to return to their "towns and provinces". Athanasius received a summons from his own flock, and he accordingly re-entered his episcopal capitol on 22 February, 362. Question: Who succeeded Emperor Constantius? Answer: Julian Question: Who succeeded George of Cappadocia? Answer: Pistus Question: In what year did Athanasius return to his episcopal capitol? Answer: 362 Question: In what year did Emperor Constantius die? Answer: 361 Question: How did George of Cappadocia die in prison? Answer: murdered Question: Were the Arians united in their oppostion? Answer: The Arians no longer presented an unbroken front Question: Who succeeded the Emperor Constantius? Answer: Julian Question: What happened to the usurping bishop, George? Answer: flung into prison and murdered Question: Who then succeeded George? Answer: An obscure presbyter of the name of Pistus Question: When did Athanasius re-enter the capitol? Answer: 22 February, 362 Question: Who preceded Emperor Constantius? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who preceded George of Cappadocia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Emperor Constantius born? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did George of Cappadocia die outside of prison? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Teenage alcohol drug use is currently at an all-time low. Out of a polled body of students, 4.4% of 8th graders reported having been on at least one occasion been drunk within the previous month; for 10th graders, the number was 13.7%, and for 12th graders, 25%. More drastically, cigarette smoking has become a far less prevalent activity among American middle- and high-school students; in fact, a greater number of teens now smoke marijuana than smoke cigarettes, with one recent study showing a respective 15.2% versus 11.7% of surveyed students. Recent studies have shown that male late adolescents are far more likely to smoke cigarettes rather than females. The study indicated that there was a discernible gender difference in the prevalence of smoking among the students. The finding of the study show that more males than females began smoking when they were in primary and high schools whereas most females started smoking after high school. This may be attributed to recent changing social and political views towards marijuana; issues such as medicinal use and legalization have tended towards painting the drug in a more positive light than historically, while cigarettes continue to be vilified due to associated health risks. Question: Is teenage alcohol drug use at al all-time high or low? Answer: low Question: Do teens smoke marijuana or cigarettes more commonly? Answer: marijuana Question: Are male or female late adolescents more likely to smoke cigarettes? Answer: male Question: What is one possible explanation for the shift towards marijuana and away from cigarettes? Answer: recent changing social and political views towards marijuana
Context: In the Battle of Cowan's Ford, Cornwallis met resistance along the banks of the Catawba River at Cowan's Ford on February 1, 1781, in an attempt to engage General Morgan's forces during a tactical withdrawal. Morgan had moved to the northern part of the state to combine with General Greene's newly recruited forces. Generals Greene and Cornwallis finally met at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse in present-day Greensboro on March 15, 1781. Although the British troops held the field at the end of the battle, their casualties at the hands of the numerically superior Continental Army were crippling. Following this "Pyrrhic victory", Cornwallis chose to move to the Virginia coastline to get reinforcements, and to allow the Royal Navy to protect his battered army. This decision would result in Cornwallis' eventual defeat at Yorktown, Virginia, later in 1781. The Patriots' victory there guaranteed American independence. Question: The Battle of Cowan's Ford was fought on the banks of what river? Answer: Catawba Question: What year was the battle of Cowans Ford? Answer: 1781 Question: What is the present day name of the city that the Battle of Guilford Courthouse was fought at? Answer: Greensboro Question: After losing the battle of Guilford Courthouse, Cornawallis moved his troops where? Answer: Virginia coastline Question: What did Cornwallis move to the coastline after losing the battle of Guilford Courthouse? Answer: to get reinforcements
Context: In the past 20 years, several commercial streets have been developed, hence the nightlife has become more diverse: there are shopping malls opening late in the Xinjiekou CBD and Hunan Road. The well-established "Nanjing 1912" district hosts a wide variety of recreational facilities ranging from traditional restaurants and western pubs to dance clubs. There are two major areas where bars are densely located; one is in 1912 block; the other is along Shanghai road and its neighbourhood. Both are popular with international residents of the city. Question: When did more commercial streets become built in Nanjing? Answer: In the past 20 years Question: What has happened as the result of more commercial streets in Nanjing? Answer: the nightlife has become more diverse Question: What area has lots of types of recreational outlets? Answer: "Nanjing 1912" Question: Other than at "Nanjing 1912", where else are there a lot of bars? Answer: along Shanghai road and its neighbourhood Question: The two areas with a lot of bars are popular with whom? Answer: international residents of the city
Context: The Prussian army was controlled by the General Staff, under Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke. The Prussian army was unique in Europe for having the only such organisation in existence, whose purpose in peacetime was to prepare the overall war strategy, and in wartime to direct operational movement and organise logistics and communications. The officers of the General Staff were hand-picked from the Prussian Kriegsakademie (War Academy). Moltke embraced new technology, particularly the railroad and telegraph, to coordinate and accelerate mobilisation of large forces. Question: What entity controlled the Prussian army? Answer: the General Staff Question: Who commanded the General Staff? Answer: Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke Question: What was the unique purpose of the Prussian Army during peacetime? Answer: to prepare the overall war strategy Question: The officers of the General Staff were hand-selected from which place? Answer: Prussian Kriegsakademie (War Academy) Question: What new technologies in particular were courted by Moltke? Answer: the railroad and telegraph
Context: Elizabeth was born at 02:40 (GMT) on 21 April 1926, during the reign of her paternal grandfather, King George V. Her father, Prince Albert, Duke of York (later King George VI), was the second son of the King. Her mother, Elizabeth, Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth), was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. She was delivered by Caesarean section at her maternal grandfather's London house: 17 Bruton Street, Mayfair. She was baptised by the Anglican Archbishop of York, Cosmo Gordon Lang, in the private chapel of Buckingham Palace on 29 May,[c] and named Elizabeth after her mother, Alexandra after George V's mother, who had died six months earlier, and Mary after her paternal grandmother. Called "Lilibet" by her close family, based on what she called herself at first, she was cherished by her grandfather George V, and during his serious illness in 1929 her regular visits were credited in the popular press and by later biographers with raising his spirits and aiding his recovery. Question: During whose reign was Elizabeth born? Answer: King George V Question: What was Elizabeth's fathers title at the time of her birth? Answer: Prince Albert, Duke of York Question: What title and name did Elizabeth's father take upon becoming king? Answer: King George VI Question: Which Bishop of York baptized Elizabeth? Answer: Cosmo Gordon Lang Question: What was Elizabeth's nickname when she was young? Answer: Lilibet Question: In what year did Elizabeth's paternal grandmother Mary die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did King George V die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was King George V's oldest son? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Elizabeth, Duchess of York, crowned as the Queen of England? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was Elizabeth's paternal grandfather? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Albon Man, a New York lawyer, started Electro-Dynamic Light Company in 1878 to exploit his patents and those of William Sawyer. Weeks later the United States Electric Lighting Company was organized. This company didn't made their first commercial installation of incandescent lamps until the fall of 1880 at the Mercantile Safe Deposit Company in New York City, about six months after the Edison incandescent lamps had been installed on the Columbia. Hiram S. Maxim was the chief engineer at the United States Electric Lighting Company. Question: Who founded Electro-Dynamic Light Company? Answer: Albon Man Question: Who was the chief engineer at the United States Electric Lighting Company? Answer: Hiram S. Maxim Question: Where did Electro-Dynamic Light Company install its first lights? Answer: Mercantile Safe Deposit Company Question: When did Electro-Dynamic Light Company install its first lights? Answer: fall of 1880 Question: Which company was organized first, Electro-Dynamic Light Company or United States Electric Lighting Company? Answer: Electro-Dynamic Light Company Question: Who began the Electro-Dynamic Light Company in 1890? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose other patents did Albon Man not exploit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the first installation of incandescent lamps in 1890? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the chief architect at the United States Electric Lighting Company? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did not make their first installation until the spring of 1880? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In China, which uses simplified Chinese characters, the Xiàndài Hànyǔ Chángyòng Zìbiǎo (现代汉语常用字表, Chart of Common Characters of Modern Chinese) lists 2,500 common characters and 1,000 less-than-common characters, while the Xiàndài Hànyǔ Tōngyòng Zìbiǎo (现代汉语通用字表, Chart of Generally Utilized Characters of Modern Chinese) lists 7,000 characters, including the 3,500 characters already listed above. GB2312, an early version of the national encoding standard used in the People's Republic of China, has 6,763 code points. GB18030, the modern, mandatory standard, has a much higher number. The New Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì (汉语水平考试, Chinese Proficiency Test) covers approximately 2,600 characters at its highest level (level six). Question: What country uses simplified Chinese characters? Answer: China Question: What lists 2,500 common characters? Answer: Chart of Common Characters of Modern Chinese Question: What is an early version of the national encoding standard used in the people's public of China? Answer: GB2312
Context: Planning and Directing is "the determination of intelligence requirements, development of appropriate intelligence architecture, preparation of a collection plan, and issuance of orders and requests to information collection agencies" (JP 2-01, Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations). These activities enable the synchronization and integration of collection, processing, exploitation, analysis, and dissemination activities/resources to meet information requirements of national and military decision makers. Question: What agency is in charge of intelligence requirements? Answer: Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations Question: What is one of the ways that the Air Force uses Planning and Directing in its operations? Answer: development of appropriate intelligence architecture Question: Who benefits from the process analysis and dissemination of this information? Answer: national and military decision makers
Context: Southampton is also served by the rail network, which is used both by freight services to and from the docks and passenger services as part of the national rail system. The main station in the city is Southampton Central. Rail routes run east towards Portsmouth, north to Winchester, the Midlands and London, and westwards to Bournemouth, Poole, Dorchester, Weymouth, Salisbury, Bristol and Cardiff. The route to London was opened in 1840 by what was to become the London and South Western Railway Company. Both this and its successor the Southern Railway (UK) played a significant role in the creation of the modern port following their purchase and development of the town's docks. Question: Southampton's railways provide freight services and what other important services? Answer: passenger services Question: What's the name of the main train station in Southampton? Answer: Southampton Central Question: Heading east from Southampton, what city is connected by rail? Answer: Portsmouth Question: In which direction do trains run from Southampton to Winchester? Answer: north Question: In what year did the rail route from Southampton to London open? Answer: 1840
Context: Phase change materials such as paraffin wax and Glauber's salt are another thermal storage media. These materials are inexpensive, readily available, and can deliver domestically useful temperatures (approximately 64 °C or 147 °F). The "Dover House" (in Dover, Massachusetts) was the first to use a Glauber's salt heating system, in 1948. Solar energy can also be stored at high temperatures using molten salts. Salts are an effective storage medium because they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems. The Solar Two used this method of energy storage, allowing it to store 1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh) in its 68 cubic metres storage tank with an annual storage efficiency of about 99%. Question: Paraffin wax is an example of what kind of storage media? Answer: thermal Question: The first Glauber's salt heating system was first used where? Answer: The "Dover House" Question: What are some examples of phase change materials? Answer: paraffin wax and Glauber's salt Question: What are the approximate temperatures that can be delivered by phase change materials? Answer: 64 °C or 147 °F Question: What was the name of the heating system that first used Glauber's salt? Answer: Dover House Question: Why are salts good for thermal storage? Answer: they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems Question: How much energy was the Solar Two able to store using salts? Answer: 1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh)
Context: Though researchers generally believe that sexual orientation is not determined by any one factor but by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences, with biological factors involving a complex interplay of genetic factors and the early uterine environment, they favor biological models for the cause. They believe that sexual orientation is not a choice, and some of them believe that it is established at conception. That is, individuals do not choose to be homosexual, heterosexual, bisexual, or asexual. While current scientific investigation usually seeks to find biological explanations for the adoption of a particular sexual orientation, there are yet no replicated scientific studies supporting any specific biological etiology for sexual orientation. However, scientific studies have found a number of statistical biological differences between gay people and heterosexuals, which may result from the same underlying cause as sexual orientation itself. Question: What do researchers generally believe causes sexual orientation? Answer: a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences Question: What biological factors do they believe plays a complicated part in sexual orientation? Answer: a complex interplay of genetic factors and the early uterine environment, they favor biological models for the cause Question: What do they believe about sexual orientation? Answer: not a choice, and some of them believe that it is established at conception. Question: What differences hace scientist found in certain studies? Answer: statistical biological differences between gay people and heterosexuals Question: What can these results be caused from? Answer: the same underlying cause as sexual orientation itself
Context: As a division within the BBC, Television was formerly known as BBC Vision for a few years in the early 21st century, until its name reverted to Television in 2013. It is responsible for the commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting of all programming on the BBC's television channels, and is led by Danny Cohen. Question: When did BBC Vision change back to BBC Television? Answer: 2013 Question: Who is the current head of BBC Television? Answer: Danny Cohen Question: What are the four responsibilities of BBC Television? Answer: commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting Question: What was BBC Vision formerly known as for a few years in the early 21st century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the person who commissioning all programming on the BBC's television channels? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is responsible for scheduling all programs? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Finally, in the 1990s, Internet Protocol-based videoconferencing became possible, and more efficient video compression technologies were developed, permitting desktop, or personal computer (PC)-based videoconferencing. In 1992 CU-SeeMe was developed at Cornell by Tim Dorcey et al. In 1995 the first public videoconference between North America and Africa took place, linking a technofair in San Francisco with a techno-rave and cyberdeli in Cape Town. At the Winter Olympics opening ceremony in Nagano, Japan, Seiji Ozawa conducted the Ode to Joy from Beethoven's Ninth Symphony simultaneously across five continents in near-real time. Question: In what decade was Internet video-conferencing made possible? Answer: 1990s Question: In what device was videoconferencing finally able to be used in? Answer: desktop Question: In what year was CU-SeeMe, a desktop-based videoconferencing tool, developed? Answer: 1992 Question: In what year did the first public video-conference take place? Answer: 1995 Question: What South African city participated in the first public video-conference? Answer: Cape Town Question: What was developed at Cornell by Seiji Ozawa? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the CU-SeeMee take place that linked San Francisco and Captown? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened at a technofair in Nagano, Japan in real time? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What became possible that allowed the Winter Olympics opening ceremony to happen? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Nagano Japan take part in the first public video-conference linking two continents? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The name "Seattle" appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23, 1853, when the first plats for the village were filed. In 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14, 1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of trustees managing the city. The town of Seattle was disincorporated January 18, 1867 and remained a mere precinct of King County until late 1869, when a new petition was filed and the city was re-incorporated December 2, 1869 with a Mayor-council government. The corporate seal of the City of Seattle carries the date "1869" and a likeness of Chief Sealth in left profile. Question: At what date did the name Seattle first appear on official papers? Answer: May 23, 1853 Question: When were the first land allocations made in Seattle? Answer: May 23, 1853 Question: At what date was Seattle incorporated as a town? Answer: January 14, 1865 Question: What type of governing body did Seattle have in 1869? Answer: Mayor-council Question: What famous Indian appears on the seal of Seattle? Answer: Chief Sealth
Context: Video games are playable on various versions of iPods. The original iPod had the game Brick (originally invented by Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak) included as an easter egg hidden feature; later firmware versions added it as a menu option. Later revisions of the iPod added three more games: Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz. Question: On what devices can video games be used? Answer: iPods Question: What was included on the first iPod? Answer: Brick Question: Who created Brick? Answer: Steve Wozniak Question: What are three games, in addition to Brick, which have been included with the iPod? Answer: Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz Question: What is another phrase meaning hidden feature? Answer: easter egg Question: What was the first, hidden game included with the original iPod? Answer: Brick Question: What other games were later added to the original iPod? Answer: Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz
Context: In May 2005, GE announced the launch of a program called "Ecomagination," intended, in the words of CEO Jeff Immelt "to develop tomorrow's solutions such as solar energy, hybrid locomotives, fuel cells, lower-emission aircraft engines, lighter and stronger durable materials, efficient lighting, and water purification technology". The announcement prompted an op-ed piece in The New York Times to observe that, "while General Electric's increased emphasis on clean technology will probably result in improved products and benefit its bottom line, Mr. Immelt's credibility as a spokesman on national environmental policy is fatally flawed because of his company's intransigence in cleaning up its own toxic legacy." Question: When did GE announce its Ecoimagination program? Answer: May 2005 Question: Who was the CEO of GE when it announced its Ecoimagination program? Answer: Jeff Immelt Question: What type of technology related to water was to be developed under the Ecoimagination program? Answer: water purification technology Question: Which newspaper printed an op-ed piece that questioned Immelt's credibility as a spokesman on environmental policy? Answer: The New York Times Question: What type of locomotive technology was to be developed by GE under its Ecoimagination program? Answer: hybrid Question: Who wrote an op-ed piece in the New York Times about GE's CEO in May 2005? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did GE start polluting the environment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was solar energy introduced as a way to generate electricity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Jeff Immelt become the CEO of GE? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the first hybrid locomotive introduced onto the market? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Skiing, snowboarding and mountaineering are among the most popular sports in Switzerland, the nature of the country being particularly suited for such activities. Winter sports are practiced by the natives and tourists since the second half of the 19th century with the invention of bobsleigh in St. Moritz. The first world ski championships were held in Mürren (1931) and St. Moritz (1934). The latter town hosted the second Winter Olympic Games in 1928 and the fifth edition in 1948. Among the most successful skiers and world champions are Pirmin Zurbriggen and Didier Cuche. Question: What 3 mountain sports are among the most popular in Switzerland? Answer: Skiing, snowboarding and mountaineering Question: Where was the bobsleigh invented? Answer: St. Moritz Question: When were the first ski championships held in Murren? Answer: 1931 Question: Which town hosted the 2nd Winter Olympic Games in 1928? Answer: St. Moritz
Context: Unlike many other MP3 players, simply copying audio or video files to the drive with a typical file management application will not allow an iPod to properly access them. The user must use software that has been specifically designed to transfer media files to iPods, so that the files are playable and viewable. Usually iTunes is used to transfer media to an iPod, though several alternative third-party applications are available on a number of different platforms. Question: What kind program is commonly used to move files between iTunes and an iPod? Answer: iTunes Question: What kind of other applications enable communication between iTunes and an iPod? Answer: third-party Question: Rather than copying media files directly to it, what software must be used for this purpose so that they are accessible? Answer: iTunes
Context: After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892. In 1934, it moved to its current headquarters on Portland Place, with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary. Question: What caused the change of the Institute's name? Answer: the grant of the royal charter Question: What was removed from the Royal Institute's name? Answer: the reference to London Question: When was the mention of London removed from the Royal Institute's name? Answer: 1892 Question: Where is the Royal Institute of British Architects located? Answer: Portland Place Question: Who opened the structure in which the Royal Institute is currently housed? Answer: King George V and Queen Mary Question: What caused the Institute's name to not change? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was added to the Royal Institute's name? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the mention of London included in the Royal Institute's name? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who opened the structure in which the Royal Institute is formerly housed? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the hindgut (element 16 in numbered diagram), or proctodaeum, undigested food particles are joined by uric acid to form fecal pellets. The rectum absorbs 90% of the water in these fecal pellets, and the dry pellet is then eliminated through the anus (element 17), completing the process of digestion. The uric acid is formed using hemolymph waste products diffused from the Malpighian tubules (element 20). It is then emptied directly into the alimentary canal, at the junction between the midgut and hindgut. The number of Malpighian tubules possessed by a given insect varies between species, ranging from only two tubules in some insects to over 100 tubules in others.:71–72, 78–80 Question: What is a proctodaeum? Answer: the hindgut Question: What kind of food particles have uric acid? Answer: undigested Question: What kind of acid forms fecal pellets? Answer: uric acid Question: An insects rectum absorbs how much water? Answer: 90% Question: Where is an insects dry pellet discarded through? Answer: the anus
Context: To define light source color properties, the lighting industry predominantly relies on two metrics, correlated color temperature (CCT), commonly used as an indication of the apparent "warmth" or "coolness" of the light emitted by a source, and color rendering index (CRI), an indication of the light source’s ability to make objects appear natural. Question: What does CCT stand for? Answer: correlated color temperature Question: What does CRI stand for? Answer: color rendering index Question: What metric indicates a lights ability to make object appear natural? Answer: CRI Question: What metric indicates "warmth" or "coolness"? Answer: CCT
Context: Phonology also includes topics such as phonotactics (the phonological constraints on what sounds can appear in what positions in a given language) and phonological alternation (how the pronunciation of a sound changes through the application of phonological rules, sometimes in a given order which can be feeding or bleeding,) as well as prosody, the study of suprasegmentals and topics such as stress and intonation. Question: Under what topic is suprasegmentals studied? Answer: prosody Question: Aside from bleeding what is an order of rules that define how pronunciation of a sound changes? Answer: feeding Question: Phonotactics, phonological alternation and prosody are topics contained in what discipline? Answer: Phonology Question: Stress and intonation are studied under what topic? Answer: prosody Question: Under what topic is phonological alternation studied? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Aside from bleeding what is an order of rules that define how suprasegmentals change? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Phonotactics, phonological alternation and stress are topics contained in what discipline? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Stress and rules are studied under what topic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What includes topics such as sound rules? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: At the beginning of the Western Han dynasty, thirteen centrally controlled commanderies—including the capital region—existed in the western third of the empire, while the eastern two-thirds were divided into ten semi-autonomous kingdoms. To placate his prominent commanders from the war with Chu, Emperor Gaozu enfeoffed some of them as kings. By 157 BC, the Han court had replaced all of these kings with royal Liu family members, since the loyalty of non-relatives to the throne was questioned. After several insurrections by Han kings—the largest being the Rebellion of the Seven States in 154 BC—the imperial court enacted a series of reforms beginning in 145 BC limiting the size and power of these kingdoms and dividing their former territories into new centrally controlled commanderies. Kings were no longer able to appoint their own staff; this duty was assumed by the imperial court. Kings became nominal heads of their fiefs and collected a portion of tax revenues as their personal incomes. The kingdoms were never entirely abolished and existed throughout the remainder of Western and Eastern Han. Question: How many commanderies were in the western third of the empire? Answer: thirteen Question: Who could appoint staff to the kings? Answer: imperial court Question: When was the Rebellion of the Seven States? Answer: 154 BC Question: From what source did kings derive their personal income from? Answer: tax revenues Question: The Han court replaced several kings with members of what royal family? Answer: Liu
Context: Starting one-hundred years before the 20th century, the enlightenment spiritual philosophy was challenged in various quarters around the 1900s. Developed from earlier secular traditions, modern Humanist ethical philosophies affirmed the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appealing to universal human qualities, particularly rationality, without resorting to the supernatural or alleged divine authority from religious texts. For liberal humanists such as Rousseau and Kant, the universal law of reason guided the way toward total emancipation from any kind of tyranny. These ideas were challenged, for example by the young Karl Marx, who criticized the project of political emancipation (embodied in the form of human rights), asserting it to be symptomatic of the very dehumanization it was supposed to oppose. For Friedrich Nietzsche, humanism was nothing more than a secular version of theism. In his Genealogy of Morals, he argues that human rights exist as a means for the weak to collectively constrain the strong. On this view, such rights do not facilitate emancipation of life, but rather deny it. In the 20th century, the notion that human beings are rationally autonomous was challenged by the concept that humans were driven by unconscious irrational desires. Question: When was the enlightenment of spiritual philosophy challenged? Answer: in various quarters around the 1900s. Question: What were Humanist ethical philosophy's developed from? Answer: earlier secular traditions Question: Why did Kari Marx criticize Humanist Philosophy's? Answer: it to be symptomatic of the very dehumanization it was supposed to oppose Question: What did Friedrinch Netzsche consider Humanism to be? Answer: a secular version of theism Question: Why does Friedrinch Netzsche believe human rights exist? Answer: as a means for the weak to collectively constrain the strong.
Context: Schwarzenegger's goal was to become the greatest bodybuilder in the world, which meant becoming Mr. Olympia. His first attempt was in 1969, when he lost to three-time champion Sergio Oliva. However, Schwarzenegger came back in 1970 and won the competition, making him the youngest ever Mr. Olympia at the age of 23, a record he still holds to this day. Question: What year did Schwarzenegger first try to win the Mr. Olympia title? Answer: 1969 Question: Who won Mr. Olympia 1969? Answer: Sergio Oliva Question: At which year's Mr. Olympia contest did Schwarzenegger become the youngest person to win the title? Answer: 1970 Question: How old was Schwarzenegger when he won Mr. Olympia in 1970? Answer: 23
Context: In general, Continental Freemasonry is sympathetic to Freemasonry amongst women, dating from the 1890s when French lodges assisted the emergent co-masonic movement by promoting enough of their members to the 33rd degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite to allow them, in 1899, to form their own grand council, recognised by the other Continental Grand Councils of that Rite. The United Grand Lodge of England issued a statement in 1999 recognising the two women's grand lodges there to be regular in all but the participants. While they were not, therefore, recognised as regular, they were part of Freemasonry "in general". The attitude of most regular Anglo-American grand lodges remains that women Freemasons are not legitimate Masons. Question: When did the French try to create co-masonic lodges? Answer: the 1890s Question: When did the United Grand Lodge of England recognize the two female Masonic lodges? Answer: 1999 Question: What did the french lodges promote to try to get women accepted into the Freemasons? Answer: the 33rd degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite Question: Do Anglo-American grand lodges accept women as members today? Answer: most regular Anglo-American grand lodges remains that women Freemasons are not legitimate Masons Question: When did Russia try to create co-masonic lodges? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the United Grand Lodge of England forget the two female Masonic lodges? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the french lodges promote to try to get men accepted into the Freemasons? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are women recognized as the ideal Masons? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On 17 November 1989, The Sun headlined a page 2 news story titled "STRAIGHT SEX CANNOT GIVE YOU AIDS – OFFICIAL." The Sun favourably cited the opinions of Lord Kilbracken, a member of the All Parliamentary Group on AIDS. Lord Kilbracken said that only one person out of the 2,372 individuals with HIV/AIDS mentioned in a specific Department of Health report was not a member of a "high risk group", such as homosexuals and recreational drug users. The Sun also ran an editorial further arguing that "At last the truth can be told... the risk of catching AIDS if you are heterosexual is "statistically invisible". In other words, impossible. So now we know – everything else is homosexual propaganda." Although many other British press services covered Lord Kilbracken's public comments, none of them made the argument that the Sun did in its editorial and none of them presented Lord Kilbracken's ideas without context or criticism. Question: What was the headline for a page 2 Sun story on 17 November 1989? Answer: "STRAIGHT SEX CANNOT GIVE YOU AIDS – OFFICIAL." Question: Whose opinion did The Sun trust in their AIDS reporting? Answer: Lord Kilbracken Question: Which groups were classified as being at a high risk for AIDS? Answer: homosexuals and recreational drug users Question: With which group was Lord Kilbracken associated? Answer: All Parliamentary Group on AIDS Question: How did other news outlets report on Lord Kilbracken's words? Answer: none of them presented Lord Kilbracken's ideas without context or criticism
Context: The Dirección Nacional de Transporte (DNT), part of the national Ministry of Transport and Public Works, is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo's transport infrastructure. A bus service network covers the entire city. An international bus station, the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal, is located on the lower level of the Tres Cruces Shopping Center, on the side of Artigas Boulevard. This terminal, along with the Baltazar Brum Bus Terminal (or Rio Branco Terminal) by the Port of Montevideo, handles the long distance and intercity bus routes connecting to destinations within Uruguay. Question: What does DNT stand for? Answer: Dirección Nacional de Transporte Question: Who is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo's transport infrastructure? Answer: Dirección Nacional de Transporte Question: Where is the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal located? Answer: the lower level of the Tres Cruces Shopping Center
Context: In modular arithmetic, two integers are added and then the sum is divided by a positive integer called the modulus. The result of modular addition is the remainder of that division. For any modulus, n, the set of integers from 0 to n − 1 forms a group under modular addition: the inverse of any element a is n − a, and 0 is the identity element. This is familiar from the addition of hours on the face of a clock: if the hour hand is on 9 and is advanced 4 hours, it ends up on 1, as shown at the right. This is expressed by saying that 9 + 4 equals 1 "modulo 12" or, in symbols, Question: What positive integer is used to divide the sum of two positive integers in modular mathematics? Answer: the modulus Question: What results from modular addition? Answer: the remainder of that division Question: What type of device can be use to demonstrate modular addition? Answer: a clock Question: How many integers are divided in modular arithmetic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the two integers called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the result of the remained of the division? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is 9 in modular addition? Answer: Unanswerable Question: If the hour hand is on 1 and is advanced by 4 hours, where does it end up? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The most widely used class of antenna, a dipole antenna consists of two symmetrical radiators such as metal rods or wires, with one side of the balanced feedline from the transmitter or receiver attached to each. A horizontal dipole radiates in two lobes perpendicular to the antenna's axis. A half-wave dipole the most common type, has two collinear elements each a quarter wavelength long and a gain of 2.15 dBi. Used individually as low gain antennas, dipoles are also used as driven elements in many more complicated higher gain types of antennas. Question: What is the most widley used antenna class? Answer: dipole antenna Question: What radiates two lobes perpendicular to the antennas axis? Answer: horizontal dipole Question: Besides low gain antennas, what is also used as driven elements in complicated higher gain types of antennas? Answer: dipoles Question: How much gain does a half-wave dipole have? Answer: 2.15 dBi
Context: In Ukraine, Russian is seen as a language of inter-ethnic communication, and a minority language, under the 1996 Constitution of Ukraine. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 14,400,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 29 million active speakers. 65% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 38% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. Russian is spoken by 29.6% of the population according to a 2001 estimate from the World Factbook. 20% of school students receive their education primarily in Russian. Question: How many Ukrainians speak Russian natively as of 2004? Answer: 14,400,000 Question: How many Ukrainians speak Russian actively as of 2004? Answer: 29 million Question: What percent of Ukraine is fluent in Russian as of 2006? Answer: 65% Question: What percent of Ukraine use Russian as their main language as of 2006? Answer: 38% Question: What is Russian's legal status in Ukraine? Answer: minority language, under the 1996 Constitution of Ukraine Question: How does the World Factbook describe Russian as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people worldwide read the World Factbook in 2001? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many school students used the World Factbook in school in Ukraine in 2006? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the population of Russia in 2001? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many readers does Demoskop Weekly have in Ukraine? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The French Marines and naval infantry intended for the invasion of northern Germany were dispatched to reinforce the French Army of Châlons and fell into captivity at Sedan along with Napoleon III. A shortage of officers, following the capture of most of the professional French army at the Siege of Metz and at the Battle of Sedan, led naval officers to be sent from their ships to command hastily assembled reservists of the Garde Mobile. As the autumn storms of the North Sea forced the return of more of the French ships, the blockade of the north German ports diminished and in September 1870 the French navy abandoned the blockade for the winter. The rest of the navy retired to ports along the English Channel and remained in port for the rest of the war. Question: The French Marines and naval infantry were dispatched to reinforce what? Answer: French Army of Châlons Question: The French navy fell captive where? Answer: at Sedan Question: Who also was captured at Sedan? Answer: Napoleon III Question: The autumn storms of what sea forced the return of yet more French ships? Answer: the North Sea Question: On which rough date did the French navy abandon their blockade? Answer: September 1870
Context: In 2004 the Central African Republic Bush War began as forces opposed to Bozizé took up arms against his government. In May 2005 Bozizé won a presidential election that excluded Patassé and in 2006 fighting continued between the government and the rebels. In November 2006, Bozizé's government requested French military support to help them repel rebels who had taken control of towns in the country's northern regions. Though the initially public details of the agreement pertained to logistics and intelligence, the French assistance eventually included strikes by Mirage jets against rebel positions. Question: What war started in 2004? Answer: Bush War Question: In what way did Bozize made his rule legitimate? Answer: Bozizé won a presidential election Question: When did CAR ask for assistance from the French against rebels? Answer: November 2006 Question: How did the French assist against the rebels? Answer: strikes by Mirage jets Question: What did the rebels take over? Answer: towns in the country's northern regions Question: What began in 2004 as Mirage jets struck rebel positions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Patasse win a presidential election? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Patasse request logistics and intellingence to repel rebels? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did Patasse help Bozize against the rebels? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the French take over in 2006? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In surveys made in Europe and the United States, green is the color most commonly associated with nature, life, health, youth, spring, hope and envy. In Europe and the U.S. green is sometimes associated with death (green has several seemingly contrary associations), sickness, or the devil, but in China its associations are very positive, as the symbol of fertility and happiness. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance, when the color of clothing showed the owner's social status, green was worn by merchants, bankers and the gentry, while red was the color of the nobility. The Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci wears green, showing she is not from a noble family; the benches in the British House of Commons are green, while those in the House of Lords are red. Green is also the traditional color of safety and permission; a green light means go ahead, a green card permits permanent residence in the United States. It is the most important color in Islam. It was the color of the banner of Muhammad, and is found in the flags of nearly all Islamic countries, and represents the lush vegetation of Paradise. It is also often associated with the culture of Gaelic Ireland, and is a color of the flag of Ireland. Because of its association with nature, it is the color of the environmental movement. Political groups advocating environmental protection and social justice describe themselves as part of the Green movement, some naming themselves Green parties. This has led to similar campaigns in advertising, as companies have sold green, or environmentally friendly, products. Question: What is green a symbol of in China? Answer: fertility and happiness Question: In the Middle Ages, which color was associated with merchants, bankers, and the gentry? Answer: green Question: What does the Mona Lisa wearing green symbolize? Answer: she is not from a noble family Question: What does the color green represent in the flags of Islamic countries? Answer: lush vegetation of Paradise Question: Why is green the color of the environmental movement? Answer: its association with nature Question: Red is associated with what religion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What color did the nobility in China wear? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What color shows that Mona Lisa is a noble? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does a red light indicate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Besides happiness, what contradictory meaning does China ascribe to green? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Different phases of digestion take place including: the cephalic phase , gastric phase, and intestinal phase. The cephalic phase occurs at the sight, thought and smell of food, which stimulate the cerebral cortex. Taste and smell stimuli are sent to the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. After this it is routed through the vagus nerve and release of acetylcholine. Gastric secretion at this phase rises to 40% of maximum rate. Acidity in the stomach is not buffered by food at this point and thus acts to inhibit parietal (secretes acid) and G cell (secretes gastrin) activity via D cell secretion of somatostatin. The gastric phase takes 3 to 4 hours. It is stimulated by distension of the stomach, presence of food in stomach and decrease in pH. Distention activates long and myenteric reflexes. This activates the release of acetylcholine, which stimulates the release of more gastric juices. As protein enters the stomach, it binds to hydrogen ions, which raises the pH of the stomach. Inhibition of gastrin and gastric acid secretion is lifted. This triggers G cells to release gastrin, which in turn stimulates parietal cells to secrete gastric acid. Gastric acid is about 0.5% hydrochloric acid (HCl), which lowers the pH to the desired pH of 1-3. Acid release is also triggered by acetylcholine and histamine. The intestinal phase has two parts, the excitatory and the inhibitory. Partially digested food fills the duodenum. This triggers intestinal gastrin to be released. Enterogastric reflex inhibits vagal nuclei, activating sympathetic fibers causing the pyloric sphincter to tighten to prevent more food from entering, and inhibits local reflexes. Question: What are three digestions phases? Answer: the cephalic phase , gastric phase, and intestinal phase Question: Where does the cephalic phase occur? Answer: at the sight, thought and smell of food, which stimulate the cerebral cortex Question: Where are taste and smell stimuli sent to? Answer: the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata Question: How long does the gastric phase take? Answer: 3 to 4 hours Question: How is the gastric phase stimulated to start? Answer: by distension of the stomach, presence of food in stomach and decrease in pH
Context: Although the initial focus of the humanist scholars in the university was the discovery, exposition and insertion of ancient texts and languages into the university, and the ideas of those texts into society generally, their influence was ultimately quite progressive. The emergence of classical texts brought new ideas and led to a more creative university climate (as the notable list of scholars above attests to). A focus on knowledge coming from self, from the human, has a direct implication for new forms of scholarship and instruction, and was the foundation for what is commonly known as the humanities. This disposition toward knowledge manifested in not simply the translation and propagation of ancient texts, but also their adaptation and expansion. For instance, Vesalius was imperative for advocating the use of Galen, but he also invigorated this text with experimentation, disagreements and further research. The propagation of these texts, especially within the universities, was greatly aided by the emergence of the printing press and the beginning of the use of the vernacular, which allowed for the printing of relatively large texts at reasonable prices. Question: Discovery and exposition were examples of the focus of what type of university scholar? Answer: humanist Question: A concentration on the study of the self resulted in what field of study? Answer: the humanities Question: What work did Vesalius push the study of? Answer: Galen Question: What spread the use of texts by Galen within universities? Answer: the printing press Question: Research was an example of the focus of what type of university scholar? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A concentration on the study of classical texts resulted in what field of study? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What work did students push the study of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What spread the use of texts by Vesalius within universities? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What manifested in the adaptation and expansion of discovery? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The 2009 Human Rights Report by the United States Department of State noted that human rights in CAR were poor and expressed concerns over numerous government abuses. The U.S. State Department alleged that major human rights abuses such as extrajudicial executions by security forces, torture, beatings and rape of suspects and prisoners occurred with impunity. It also alleged harsh and life-threatening conditions in prisons and detention centers, arbitrary arrest, prolonged pretrial detention and denial of a fair trial, restrictions on freedom of movement, official corruption, and restrictions on workers' rights. Question: How are the human rights in the CAR? Answer: poor Question: What concerns are there regarding to human rights? Answer: government abuses Question: What punishment is a human rights violation per the US state Dept? Answer: extrajudicial executions Question: How is the prison quality in the CAR? Answer: harsh and life-threatening conditions Question: What right in a court is denied and considered a human right violation? Answer: arbitrary arrest, prolonged pretrial detention and denial of a fair trial Question: What is the status of security forces in the CAR? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did a Human Rights Report by CAR show concern over? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What actions did CAR mention that happened with impunity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are prision conditions like according to CAR? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one action taken against the State Department that is considered a human rights violation? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The first British settlement in what is now Tennessee was built in 1756 by settlers from the colony of South Carolina at Fort Loudoun, near present-day Vonore. Fort Loudoun became the westernmost British outpost to that date. The fort was designed by John William Gerard de Brahm and constructed by forces under British Captain Raymond Demeré. After its completion, Captain Raymond Demeré relinquished command on August 14, 1757 to his brother, Captain Paul Demeré. Hostilities erupted between the British and the neighboring Overhill Cherokees, and a siege of Fort Loudoun ended with its surrender on August 7, 1760. The following morning, Captain Paul Demeré and a number of his men were killed in an ambush nearby, and most of the rest of the garrison was taken prisoner. Question: In which year did the British first settle in what would become Tennessee? Answer: 1756 Question: What was the name of the first British settlement in what is now Tennessee? Answer: Fort Loudoun Question: Which British officer oversaw the construction of Fort Loudoun? Answer: Captain Raymond Demeré Question: Which Cherokee faction forced the surrender of Fort Loudoun in 1760? Answer: Overhill Cherokees Question: Which British commanding officer was killed the day after Cherokee took Fort Loudon in 1760? Answer: Captain Paul Demeré
Context: During the later part of the Malla era, Kathmandu Valley comprised four fortified cities: Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Kirtipur. These served as the capitals of the Malla confederation of Nepal. These states competed with each other in the arts, architecture, aesthetics, and trade, resulting in tremendous development. The kings of this period directly influenced or involved themselves in the construction of public buildings, squares, and temples, as well as the development of water spouts, the institutionalization of trusts (called guthis), the codification of laws, the writing of dramas, and the performance of plays in city squares. Evidence of an influx of ideas from India, Tibet, China, Persia, and Europe among other places can be found in a stone inscription from the time of king Pratap Malla. Books have been found from this era that describe their tantric tradition (e.g. Tantrakhyan), medicine (e.g. Haramekhala), religion (e.g. Mooldevshashidev), law, morals, and history. Amarkosh, a Sanskrit-Nepal Bhasa dictionary from 1381 AD, was also found. Architecturally notable buildings from this era include Kathmandu Durbar Square, Patan Durbar Square, Bhaktapur Durbar Square, the former durbar of Kirtipur, Nyatapola, Kumbheshwar, the Krishna temple, and others. Question: How many cities were present in the Kathmandu Valley in the late Malla period? Answer: four Question: In the waning years of the Malla dynasty, what fortified cities existed in the Kathmandu Valley? Answer: Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Kirtipur Question: What cultures influenced Nepal in the later Malla era? Answer: India, Tibet, China, Persia, and Europe Question: What is an example of a book of medicine from the Malla period? Answer: Haramekhala Question: When does Amarkosh date to? Answer: 1381
Context: Pascal Lissouba, who became Congo's first elected president (1992–1997) during the period of multi-party democracy, attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy. In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) and was on the verge of announcing a renewed annual agreement when civil war broke out in Congo in mid-1997. Question: Who was elected president of the Congo in 1992? Answer: Pascal Lissouba Question: Who supported the measures of liberalisation Lissouba tried to employ to reform the economy? Answer: IMF Question: What interrupted the renewal of the IMF agreement with the Congo? Answer: civil war Question: What does ESAF stand for? Answer: enhanced structural adjustment facility Question: Who was Congo's last elected president? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did the IMF turn down a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did civil war end in Congo? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was president during the period of single party democracy? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as "invasions", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided by the refusal of the western Roman elites to support the army or pay the taxes that would have allowed the military to suppress the migration. The emperors of the 5th century were often controlled by military strongmen such as Stilicho (d. 408), Aspar (d. 471), Ricimer (d. 472), or Gundobad (d. 516), who were partly or fully of non-Roman background. When the line of western emperors ceased, many of the kings who replaced them were from the same background. Intermarriage between the new kings and the Roman elites was common. This led to a fusion of Roman culture with the customs of the invading tribes, including the popular assemblies that allowed free male tribal members more say in political matters than was common in the Roman state. Material artefacts left by the Romans and the invaders are often similar, and tribal items were often modelled on Roman objects. Much of the scholarly and written culture of the new kingdoms was also based on Roman intellectual traditions. An important difference was the gradual loss of tax revenue by the new polities. Many of the new political entities no longer supported their armies through taxes, instead relying on granting them land or rents. This meant there was less need for large tax revenues and so the taxation systems decayed. Warfare was common between and within the kingdoms. Slavery declined as the supply weakened, and society became more rural.[F] Question: When did Aspar die? Answer: Aspar Question: What year saw the death of Gundobad? Answer: 516 Question: What notable Roman figure died in 408? Answer: Stilicho Question: The loss of what led to the differentiation between the Western Roman Empire and the new kingdoms? Answer: tax revenue Question: Rather than taxes, what did the new kingdoms use to support their armies? Answer: land or rents
Context: Most of the differences in the revised budget deficit numbers were due to a temporary change of accounting practices by the new government, i.e., recording expenses when military material was ordered rather than received. However, it was the retroactive application of ESA95 methodology (applied since 2000) by Eurostat, that finally raised the reference year (1999) budget deficit to 3.38% of GDP, thus exceeding the 3% limit. This led to claims that Greece (similar claims have been made about other European countries like Italy) had not actually met all five accession criteria, and the common perception that Greece entered the Eurozone through "falsified" deficit numbers. Question: What were the majority of the differences in the revised budget due to the temporary changing of? Answer: accounting practices Question: When were expenses recorded by the new government? Answer: when military material was ordered rather than received Question: What did retroactively applying the ESA95 methodology result in raising the budget deficit to? Answer: 3.38% of GDP Question: By how much did the budget deficit of Greece exceed the 3% limit in the reference year of 1999? Answer: .38% Question: What other European country were claims similar to those levied against Greece made? Answer: Italy Question: What had no differences in the revised budget? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were expenses classified by the new government? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did retroactively applying the ESA95 methodology result in lowering the budget deficit to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much did the budget deficit of Greece decrease the 3% limit in the reference year of 1994? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other European country were claims similar to those levied against Greece restricted? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After they each performed, both were deemed equal until Apollo decreed they play and sing at the same time. As Apollo played the lyre, this was easy to do. Marsyas could not do this, as he only knew how to use the flute and could not sing at the same time. Apollo was declared the winner because of this. Apollo flayed Marsyas alive in a cave near Celaenae in Phrygia for his hubris to challenge a god. He then nailed Marsyas' shaggy skin to a nearby pine-tree. Marsyas' blood turned into the river Marsyas. Question: What instrument did Apolo play? Answer: lyre Question: What instrument did Marsyas know how to play? Answer: flute Question: Who could not sing at the same time he played the flute? Answer: Marsyas Question: What is said to have turned into the river Marsyas? Answer: Marsyas' blood
Context: The University of St Mark & St John (known as "Marjon" or "Marjons") specialises in teacher training, and offers training across the country and abroad. Question: What institution of higher education is colloquially known as Marjons? Answer: The University of St Mark & St John Question: What is the academic specialty of the University of St Mark & St John? Answer: teacher training
Context: Sonam Gyatso, after being granted the grandiose title by Altan Khan, departed for Tibet. Before he left, he sent a letter and gifts to the Ming Chinese official Zhang Juzheng (1525–1582), which arrived on March 12, 1579. Sometime in August or September of that year, Sonam Gyatso's representative stationed with Altan Khan received a return letter and gift from the Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620), who also conferred upon Sonam Gyatso a title; this was the first official contact between a Dalai Lama and a government of China. However, Laird states that when Wanli invited him to Beijing, the Dalai Lama declined the offer due to a prior commitment, even though he was only 400 km (250 mi) from Beijing. Laird adds that "the power of the Ming emperor did not reach very far at the time." Although not recorded in any official Chinese records, Sonam Gyatso's biography states that Wanli again conferred titles on Sonam Gyatso in 1588, and invited him to Beijing for a second time, but Sonam Gyatso was unable to visit China as he died the same year in Mongolia working with Altan Khan's son to further the spread of Buddhism. Question: Who was given the grandiose title? Answer: Sonam Gyatso Question: Who granted Sonam Gyatso the title of grandiose? Answer: Altan Khan Question: Who did Sonam Gyatso send gifts to? Answer: Zhang Juzheng Question: Who was the Ming Chinese official? Answer: Zhang Juzheng Question: Where did Sonam Gyatso die? Answer: Mongolia
Context: In 2006, Switzerland approved 1 billion francs of supportive investment in the poorer Southern and Central European countries in support of cooperation and positive ties to the EU as a whole. A further referendum will be needed to approve 300 million francs to support Romania and Bulgaria and their recent admission. The Swiss have also been under EU and sometimes international pressure to reduce banking secrecy and to raise tax rates to parity with the EU. Preparatory discussions are being opened in four new areas: opening up the electricity market, participation in the European GNSS project Galileo, cooperating with the European centre for disease prevention and recognising certificates of origin for food products. Question: In 2006, what did Switzerland approve 1 billion francs of supportive investment for? Answer: poorer Southern and Central European countries Question: What have the Swiss been under EU and national pressure to reduce in terms of banking? Answer: secrecy Question: What have the Swiss been under pressure from the EU to do in terms of tax rates? Answer: raise tax rates to parity with the EU
Context: Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, written in the early 14th century, merged a medieval world view with classical ideals. Another promoter of the Italian language was Boccaccio with his Decameron. The application of the vernacular did not entail a rejection of Latin, and both Dante and Boccaccio wrote prolifically in Latin as well as Italian, as would Petrarch later (whose Canzoniere also promoted the vernacular and whose contents are considered the first modern lyric poems). Together the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language. Question: Who wrote the Divine Comedy? Answer: Dante Alighieri Question: In what languages did Dante and Boccaccio create their works? Answer: Latin as well as Italian Question: Which dialect became the norm for the modern Italian language? Answer: Tuscan Question: What is one of Boccaccio's works that helped promote the Italian language? Answer: Decameron Question: Whose work, Canzoniere, is considered to be the first example of modern lyric poetry? Answer: Petrarch Question: Who didn't wrote the Divine Comedy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what languages didn't Dante and Boccaccio create their works? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which dialect became the norm for the ancient Italian language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one of Boccaccio's works that helped demote the Italian language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose work, Canzoniere, is considered to be the last example of modern lyric poetry? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church (both Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches), the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches, and the individual national churches within the Anglican Communion. The way that such church law is legislated, interpreted and at times adjudicated varies widely among these three bodies of churches. In all three traditions, a canon was originally a rule adopted by a church council; these canons formed the foundation of canon law. Question: What is the name for the rules issued by the heads of the Church? Answer: Canon law Question: In what type of religion are canon laws applicable? Answer: Christian Question: Which institutions make up the Catholic Church? Answer: Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches Question: What body was first responsible for creating canon? Answer: church council Question: What does canon law consist of? Answer: canons Question: What is the name of rules made by lay people of the church? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What church is made up of the Latin and Western Catholic churches Answer: Unanswerable Question: All religions are governed by what rules? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was originally adopted by the Pope? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Throughout what three bodies is canon law interpreted the same way? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Finalist Phillip Phillips suffered from kidney pain and was taken to the hospital before the Top 13 results show, and later received medical procedure to alleviate a blockage caused by kidney stones. He was reported to have eight surgeries during his Idol run, and had considered quitting the show due to the pain. He underwent surgery to remove the stones and reconstruct his kidney soon after the season had finished. Question: Which season 11 contestant had to go to the hospital before the Top 13 Results? Answer: Phillip Phillips Question: Why was Phillip Phillips hospitalized during his time on American Idol? Answer: kidney stones Question: How many times did Phillip Phillips have surgery when he was on American Idol? Answer: eight Question: Which contestant thought about leaving the contest because of pain in his kidney? Answer: Phillip Phillips Question: Which contestant had eight surgeries during his Idol run? Answer: Phillip Phillips Question: What kind of pain did Phillips endure? Answer: kidney pain
Context: Molecular studies based on DNA analysis have suggested new relationships among mammal families over the last few years. Most of these findings have been independently validated by retrotransposon presence/absence data. Classification systems based on molecular studies reveal three major groups or lineages of placental mammals- Afrotheria, Xenarthra, and Boreoeutheria- which diverged from early common ancestors in the Cretaceous. The relationships between these three lineages is contentious, and all three possible different hypotheses have been proposed with respect to which group is basal with respect to other placentals. These hypotheses are Atlantogenata (basal Boreoeutheria), Epitheria (basal Xenarthra), and Exafroplacentalia (basal Afrotheria). Boreoeutheria in turn contains two major lineages- Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria. Question: Through Molecular studies, what was used to suggest new relationships among mammal families? Answer: DNA analysis Question: During these Molecular studies, which three major groups of mammals shared a common ancestors from the Cretaceous period? Answer: Afrotheria, Xenarthra, and Boreoeutheria Question: Afrotheria,Xenartha, and Boreoeutheria deprives from which two lineages? Answer: Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria Question: What have studies based on Boreoeutheria suggested? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What have findings based on common ancestors in the Cretaceous been validated by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are three major groups of Laurasiatheria? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria come from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two major common ancestors does Alantogenata contain? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A number of theories have been proposed regarding Avicenna's madhab (school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence). Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī (d. 1169) considered Avicenna to be a follower of the Brethren of Purity. On the other hand, Dimitri Gutas along with Aisha Khan and Jules J. Janssens demonstrated that Avicenna was a Sunni Hanafi. However, the 14th cenutry Shia faqih Nurullah Shushtari according to Seyyed Hossein Nasr, maintained that he was most likely a Twelver Shia. Conversely, Sharaf Khorasani, citing a rejection of an invitation of the Sunni Governor Sultan Mahmoud Ghazanavi by Avicenna to his court, believes that Avicenna was an Ismaili. Similar disagreements exist on the background of Avicenna's family, whereas some writers considered them Sunni, some more recent writers contested that they were Shia. Question: What secret society was Avicenna considered to be a follower of? Answer: the Brethren of Purity Question: Who thought that Avicenna was a Brethren of Purity follower? Answer: Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī Question: What Islamic denomination was Avicenna thought to be a member of? Answer: Sunni Question: Who thought Avicenna was a Shia? Answer: Nurullah Shushtari Question: What was the name of one man who thought Avicenna was Sunni? Answer: Jules J. Janssens Question: What type of Islamic school did Avicenna invent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group did Avicenna found? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Zahir al-Bayhai belove belonged to the Sunni Hanafi? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who's family is considered Sunni by modern writers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who's court did Avicenna join? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What secret society was Avicenna considered to be followed by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who thought that Avicenna was a Brethren of Impurity follower? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Islamic denomination was Avicenna thought to be a rejecter of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who knew Avicenna was a Shia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of one woman who thought Avicenna was Sunni? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Some countries are eliminating or reducing climate disrupting subsidies and Belgium, France, and Japan have phased out all subsidies for coal. Germany is reducing its coal subsidy. The subsidy dropped from $5.4 billion in 1989 to $2.8 billion in 2002, and in the process Germany lowered its coal use by 46 percent. China cut its coal subsidy from $750 million in 1993 to $240 million in 1995 and more recently has imposed a high-sulfur coal tax. However, the United States has been increasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries. Question: What country is reducing its coal subsidy? Answer: Germany Question: What country has been increasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries? Answer: United States Question: Some countries have phased out all subsidies for what substance? Answer: coal Question: What country is building its coal subsidy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country is not reducing its coal subsidy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country has been decreasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: No countries have phased out all subsidies for what substance? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Domestic geese are much larger than their wild counterparts and tend to have thick necks, an upright posture, and large bodies with broad rear ends. The greylag-derived birds are large and fleshy and used for meat, while the Chinese geese have smaller frames and are mainly used for egg production. The fine down of both is valued for use in pillows and padded garments. They forage on grass and weeds, supplementing this with small invertebrates, and one of the attractions of rearing geese is their ability to grow and thrive on a grass-based system. They are very gregarious and have good memories and can be allowed to roam widely in the knowledge that they will return home by dusk. The Chinese goose is more aggressive and noisy than other geese and can be used as a guard animal to warn of intruders. The flesh of meat geese is dark-coloured and high in protein, but they deposit fat subcutaneously, although this fat contains mostly monounsaturated fatty acids. The birds are killed either around 10 or about 24 weeks. Between these ages, problems with dressing the carcase occur because of the presence of developing pin feathers. Question: do domestic and wild geese have the same apperearance ? Answer: Domestic geese are much larger than their wild counterparts and tend to have thick necks, an upright posture, and large bodies with broad rear ends Question: What types of geese are used for human consumption? Answer: The greylag-derived birds Question: What types of geese are used most efficiently for their egg production? Answer: Chinese geese Question: What is the down feathers of geese most commonly used for ? Answer: use in pillows and padded garments Question: Why is the meat of geese considered fatty ? Answer: they deposit fat subcutaneously, although this fat contains mostly monounsaturated fatty acids Question: What goose is unable to make any sound? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the down feathers of geese never used for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why is the meat of geese considered lean? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the only type of goose not used for human consumption? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Season ten of the series premiered on January 19, 2011. Many changes were introduced this season, from the format to the personnel of the show. Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler joined Randy Jackson as judges following the departures of Simon Cowell (who left to launch the U.S. version of The X Factor), Kara DioGuardi (whose contract was not renewed) and Ellen DeGeneres, while Nigel Lythgoe returned as executive producer. Jimmy Iovine, chairman of the Interscope Geffen A&M label group, the new partner of American Idol, acted as the in-house mentor in place of weekly guest mentors, although in later episodes special guest mentors such as Beyoncé, will.i.am and Lady Gaga were brought in. Question: What year did season ten of American Idol first air? Answer: 2011 Question: In which season of American Idol did Steven Tyler and Jennifer Lopez become judges? Answer: ten Question: Who replace weekly mentors as a more permanent mentor on American Idols tenth season? Answer: Jimmy Iovine Question: What show did Simon Cowell join after leaving American Idol? Answer: The X Factor Question: Who was the executive producer of American Idols tenth season? Answer: Nigel Lythgoe Question: When did season ten premiere? Answer: January 19, 2011 Question: Who returned as executive producer this season? Answer: Nigel Lythgoe Question: Which two new judges joined Randy Jackson on the judges' panel? Answer: Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler Question: Who was the in-house mentor this season? Answer: Jimmy Iovine
Context: Pubs that cater for a niche clientele, such as sports fans or people of certain nationalities are known as theme pubs. Examples of theme pubs include sports bars, rock pubs, biker pubs, Goth pubs, strip pubs, gay bars, karaoke bars and Irish pubs. Question: What is a blanket term for pubs that, for example, cater to sports fans? Answer: theme pubs Question: What is an example of a theme pub that caters to people of a certain nationality? Answer: Irish pubs Question: What is an example of a theme pub that caters to people with certain musical interests? Answer: rock pubs Question: What sort of theme pub would be likely to feature strippers? Answer: strip pubs Question: In what sort of theme pub could one find visitors singing with musical accompaniment? Answer: karaoke bars
Context: In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), Skepi (in Essequibo, Guyana) and Negerhollands (in the United States Virgin Islands). Pennsylvania Dutch is not a member of the set of Dutch dialects and is less misleadingly called Pennsylvania German. Question: What's the year that Jersey Dutch was last spoken, according to records? Answer: 1921 Question: What Dutch-based language popped up in the area of Albany, New York? Answer: Mohawk Dutch Question: What's a more accurate name for Pennsylvania Dutch since it's not a Dutch dialect? Answer: Pennsylvania German Question: Which Dutch dialect was once spoken in the U.S. Virgin Islands? Answer: Negerhollands Question: In what country were the Berbice and Skepi dialects spoken? Answer: Guyana
Context: Jesus' death and resurrection underpin a variety of theological interpretations as to how salvation is granted to humanity. These interpretations vary widely in how much emphasis they place on the death of Jesus as compared to his words. According to the substitutionary atonement view, Jesus' death is of central importance, and Jesus willingly sacrificed himself as an act of perfect obedience as a sacrifice of love which pleased God. By contrast the moral influence theory of atonement focuses much more on the moral content of Jesus' teaching, and sees Jesus' death as a martyrdom. Since the Middle Ages there has been conflict between these two views within Western Christianity. Evangelical Protestants typically hold a substitutionary view and in particular hold to the theory of penal substitution. Liberal Protestants typically reject substitutionary atonement and hold to the moral influence theory of atonement. Both views are popular within the Roman Catholic church, with the satisfaction doctrine incorporated into the idea of penance. Question: What does Jesus' death and Resurrection support? Answer: how salvation is granted to humanity Question: How important is Jesus' death to modern theology? Answer: central importance Question: Did Jesus sacrifice himself without fighting? Answer: Jesus willingly sacrificed himself Question: Why did Jesus sacrifice himself? Answer: an act of perfect obedience Question: What church is the sacrifice important to? Answer: the Roman Catholic church Question: According to the moral influence theory, Jesus death is how important? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of obedience do those believe in moral influence theory believe Jesus went to his death in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do moral influence theorists believe God thought of Jesus's sacrifice? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Since what period in time has the Roman Catholic Church existed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of substitution do moral influence theorists believe Jesus's death particularly was? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. It offers PhD, Master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. It was founded in 1986 through the donations of Joan B. Kroc, the widow of McDonald's owner Ray Kroc. The institute was inspired by the vision of the Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh CSC, President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame. The institute has contributed to international policy discussions about peace building practices. Question: What institute at Notre Dame studies the reasons for violent conflict? Answer: Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies Question: In what year was the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies founded? Answer: 1986 Question: To whom was John B. Kroc married? Answer: Ray Kroc Question: What is the title of Notre Dame's Theodore Hesburgh? Answer: President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame Question: What company did Ray Kroc own? Answer: McDonald's
Context: Pan-Slavism, a movement which came into prominence in the mid-19th century, emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples. The main focus was in the Balkans where the South Slavs had been ruled for centuries by other empires: the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice. The Russian Empire used Pan-Slavism as a political tool; as did the Soviet Union, which gained political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations between 1945 and 1948 and retained a hegemonic role until the period 1989–1991. Question: What movement came into prominence in the mid-19th century that emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples? Answer: Pan-Slavism Question: Where was the main focus of Pan-Slavism? Answer: the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice Question: Who used Pan-Slavism as a political tool? Answer: The Russian Empire Question: When did the Soviet Union gain political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations? Answer: between 1945 and 1948 Question: How long did the Soviet Union retain a hegemonic role? Answer: until the period 1989–1991 Question: Who did the South Slavs rule over? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Venice gain power over Slavic-majority nations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of role did Slavic nations play between 1989-1991? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which area was the first to use Pan-Slavism as a political tool? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Austria-Hungary use pan-slavism for? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Short-term memory is believed to rely mostly on an acoustic code for storing information, and to a lesser extent a visual code. Conrad (1964) found that test subjects had more difficulty recalling collections of letters that were acoustically similar (e.g. E, P, D). Confusion with recalling acoustically similar letters rather than visually similar letters implies that the letters were encoded acoustically. Conrad's (1964) study, however, deals with the encoding of written text; thus, while memory of written language may rely on acoustic components, generalisations to all forms of memory cannot be made. Question: What does short-term memory depend on? Answer: an acoustic code for storing information, and to a lesser extent a visual code. Question: What did conrad find about test subjects? Answer: subjects had more difficulty recalling collections of letters that were acoustically similar Question: What does Conrads finding seem to mean? Answer: . Confusion with recalling acoustically similar letters rather than visually similar letters implies that the letters were encoded acoustically. Question: What was Conrads deal with? Answer: encoding of written text; Question: What does long-term memory depend on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What didn't Conrad find out about test subjects? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did confusion recalling acoustically different letters imply? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose study deals with decoding written texts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Conrad's 1963 sudy find? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Three Han mathematical treatises still exist. These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube roots, and matrix methods, finding more accurate approximations for pi, providing mathematical proof of the Pythagorean theorem, use of the decimal fraction, Gaussian elimination to solve linear equations, and continued fractions to find the roots of equations. Question: What type of treatise is the Book on Numbers and Computation considered to be? Answer: mathematical Question: How many mathematical treatises have still managed to survive to this day? Answer: Three Question: What achievement of the Han era can be used to help solve linear equations? Answer: Gaussian elimination Question: During what era was the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art from? Answer: Han Question: What can be used to help find the roots of equations? Answer: continued fractions
Context: In May 2013, Microsoft launched a new television campaign for Windows 8 illustrating the capabilities and pricing of Windows 8 tablets in comparison to the iPad, which featured the voice of Siri remarking on the iPad's limitations in a parody of Apple's "Get a Mac" advertisements. On June 12, 2013 during game 1 of the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals, Microsoft premiered the first ad in its "Windows Everywhere" campaign, which promoted Windows 8, Windows Phone 8, and the company's suite of online services as an interconnected platform. Question: When was the first game of the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals? Answer: June 12, 2013 Question: Who did Windows 8 mock in their television campaign? Answer: the iPad Question: What was the name of the Windows 8 advertising campaign? Answer: Windows Everywhere Question: What three things did the Windows Everywhere campaign emphasize on? Answer: Windows 8, Windows Phone 8, and the company's suite of online services Question: When was the first game of the 2014 Stanley Cup Finals? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the last game of the 2014 Stanley Cup Finals? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Windows 9 mock in their television campaign? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the Windows 9 advertising campaign? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What four things did the Windows Everywhere campaign emphasize on? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Gaddafi summarized Third International Theory in three short volumes published between 1975 and 1979, collectively known as The Green Book. Volume one was devoted to the issue of democracy, outlining the flaws of representative systems in favour of direct, participatory GPCs. The second dealt with Gaddafi's beliefs regarding socialism, while the third explored social issues regarding the family and the tribe. While the first two volumes advocated radical reform, the third adopted a socially conservative stance, proclaiming that while men and women were equal, they were biologically designed for different roles in life. During the years that followed, Gaddafists adopted quotes from The Green Book, such as "Representation is Fraud", as slogans. Meanwhile, in September 1975, Gaddafi implemented further measures to increase popular mobilization, introducing objectives to improve the relationship between the Councils and the ASU. Question: Gaddafi's written work on Third International Theory consisted of how many volumes? Answer: three Question: When was the last volume of Gaddafi's work on Third International Theory published? Answer: 1979 Question: What was the title given to Gaddafi's Third International Theory writings? Answer: The Green Book Question: What volume of The Green Book discussed democracy? Answer: one Question: What political philosophy was discussed in the second volume of The Green Book? Answer: socialism
Context: This was followed by the creation of the first two Han Banners in 1637 (increasing to eight in 1642). Together these military reforms enabled Hong Taiji to resoundingly defeat Ming forces in a series of battles from 1640 to 1642 for the territories of Songshan and Jinzhou. This final victory resulted in the surrender of many of the Ming dynasty's most battle-hardened troops, the death of Yuan Chonghuan at the hands of the Chongzhen Emperor (who thought Yuan had betrayed him), and the complete and permanent withdrawal of the remaining Ming forces north of the Great Wall. Question: When were the first couple Han Banners founded? Answer: 1637 Question: When did the Han Banners grow to eight? Answer: 1642 Question: Which leader defeated the Ming armies? Answer: Hong Taiji Question: Who killed Yuan Chonghuan? Answer: Chongzhen Emperor Question: Where did the Ming armies retreat to? Answer: north of the Great Wall
Context: Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre. Question: What musical styles did post-punk help merge? Answer: white and black musical styles Question: What beginnings rose from the dead ashes of post-punk? Answer: various subsequent genres Question: New wave, industrial music, synthpop and house all share roots in what genre? Answer: post-punk Question: What style of music did post-punk band the Cure play in? Answer: darker, more morose Question: What genre of music did Joy Division help in the development of? Answer: gothic rock Question: Which type of eclectic music had a huge variety, large innovations and an "anything goes" mentality? Answer: Post-punk Question: Which darker post-punk bands gave rise to gothic rock? Answer: Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure Question: Where did systhpop, industrial and neo-psychedelia music derive from? Answer: Post-punk Question: What type of music was gothic rock? Answer: darker, more morose style Question: What styles of music did post-punk pave the way for? Answer: new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music Question: What genre was not eclectic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What musical genre had limited variety of musical innovations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which genres were least influenced by post-punk? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which bands had a lighter style of music? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kinds of rock genre were not influenced by post-punk? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the Permian all the Earth's major land masses, except portions of East Asia, were collected into a single supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea straddled the equator and extended toward the poles, with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean (Panthalassa, the universal sea), and the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, a large ocean that was between Asia and Gondwana. The Cimmeria continent rifted away from Gondwana and drifted north to Laurasia, causing the Paleo-Tethys to shrink. A new ocean was growing on its southern end, the Tethys Ocean, an ocean that would dominate much of the Mesozoic Era. Large continental landmasses create climates with extreme variations of heat and cold ("continental climate") and monsoon conditions with highly seasonal rainfall patterns. Deserts seem to have been widespread on Pangaea. Question: What supercontinent prevailed during the Permian era? Answer: Pangaea Question: What was the largest ocean during the Permian called? Answer: Panthalassa Question: There was an ocean between Gondwana and Asia in the Permian, what was it? Answer: Paleo-Tethys Ocean Question: The moving of which continent contributed to the decrease in size of the Paleo-Tethys? Answer: Cimmeria Question: During which period was the Tehtys Ocean dominant? Answer: the Mesozoic Era Question: What supercontinent did Asia join in the Permian? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Wat continent stradled the south pole and extended towards the equator? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What coninent drifted away from Laurasia and towards Gondwana? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What continents movement decreased the size of the Paleo-Tethys Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During World War II, the palace was bombed nine times, the most serious and publicised of which resulted in the destruction of the palace chapel in 1940. Coverage of this event was played in cinemas all over the UK to show the common suffering of rich and poor. One bomb fell in the palace quadrangle while King George VI and Queen Elizabeth were in residence, and many windows were blown in and the chapel destroyed. War-time coverage of such incidents was severely restricted, however. The King and Queen were filmed inspecting their bombed home, the smiling Queen, as always, immaculately dressed in a hat and matching coat seemingly unbothered by the damage around her. It was at this time the Queen famously declared: "I'm glad we have been bombed. Now I can look the East End in the face". The royal family were seen as sharing their subjects' hardship, as The Sunday Graphic reported: Question: How many times was the palace bombed in WWII? Answer: nine times Question: What was destroyed in 1940? Answer: the palace chapel Question: Which monarchs were in residence at Buckingham Palace during WWII? Answer: King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Question: The bombing of Buckingham Palace showed what to the public? Answer: the common suffering of rich and poor Question: What was destroyed in one of the bombing that hit the palace in WWII? Answer: the chapel Question: The King and Queen were filmed doing what after a bombing? Answer: inspecting their bombed home Question: The royal family was seen as sharing what with their subjects after the bombings? Answer: their subjects' hardship Question: How many times was the palace remodeled in WWII? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was upgraded in 1940? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which monarchs were missing from Buckingham Palace during WWII? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the royal family never share with their subjects after the bombings? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was hidden from the public as a result of the bombing of Buckingham Palace? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In infrared photography, infrared filters are used to capture the near-infrared spectrum. Digital cameras often use infrared blockers. Cheaper digital cameras and camera phones have less effective filters and can "see" intense near-infrared, appearing as a bright purple-white color. This is especially pronounced when taking pictures of subjects near IR-bright areas (such as near a lamp), where the resulting infrared interference can wash out the image. There is also a technique called 'T-ray' imaging, which is imaging using far-infrared or terahertz radiation. Lack of bright sources can make terahertz photography more challenging than most other infrared imaging techniques. Recently T-ray imaging has been of considerable interest due to a number of new developments such as terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Question: What is used in infrared photography to capture the near-infrared spectrum? Answer: infrared filters Question: What devices are often equipped with infrared blockers? Answer: Digital cameras Question: What is the technique that involves imaging with terahertz radiation? Answer: 'T-ray' imaging Question: What is another name for terahertz radiation? Answer: far-infrared Question: What is a notable recent development in T-ray imaging? Answer: terahertz time-domain spectroscopy Question: What does T-ray imaging use to capture the near-infrared spectrum? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a recent development in infrared photography? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another name for IR bright areas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What device uses far-infrared or terahertz radiation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How do infrared blockers wash out an image? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: He was known affectionately as "Good Pope John". His cause for canonization was opened under Pope Paul VI during the final session of the Second Vatican Council on 18 November 1965, along with the cause of Pope Pius XII. On 3 September 2000, John XXIII was declared "Blessed" alongside Pope Pius IX by Pope John Paul II, the penultimate step on the road to sainthood after a miracle of curing an ill woman was discovered. He was the first pope since Pope Pius X to receive this honour. Following his beatification, his body was moved from its original burial place in the grottoes below the Vatican to the altar of St. Jerome and displayed for the veneration of the faithful.[citation needed] Question: What was he also known as? Answer: Good Pope John Question: Who opened his cause for canonization? Answer: Pope Paul VI Question: When was Pope John XXIII considered "blessed?" Answer: 3 September 2000 Question: Who declared him "blessed?" Answer: Pope John Paul II Question: Who was the last pope before John XXIII to receive the title? Answer: Pope Pius X Question: When was Pope John Paul II declared "Blessed"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Pope John Paul II also known as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was Pope John Paul II taken after his beatification? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who opened the cause for canonization for Pope John Paul II? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During what event was the cause for canonization opened for Pope John Paul II? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: It is commonly believed that the earlier a defect is found, the cheaper it is to fix it. The following table shows the cost of fixing the defect depending on the stage it was found. For example, if a problem in the requirements is found only post-release, then it would cost 10–100 times more to fix than if it had already been found by the requirements review. With the advent of modern continuous deployment practices and cloud-based services, the cost of re-deployment and maintenance may lessen over time. Question: What determines the cost of fixing a bug? Answer: the earlier a defect is found Question: Ho many more times would the cost be if the problem is found after the software's release? Answer: 10–100 times more Question: What could possibly lessen the cost of fixing buggy software? Answer: cloud-based services Question: What is the unpopular belief about the cost of fixing a bug? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The cost of fixing a defect does not depend on what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much less would it cost to fix a problem found after the software's release? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What modern items may increase the cost of re-deployment over time? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: From the early Qing, the central government was characterized by a system of dual appointments by which each position in the central government had a Manchu and a Han Chinese assigned to it. The Han Chinese appointee was required to do the substantive work and the Manchu to ensure Han loyalty to Qing rule. The distinction between Han Chinese and Manchus extended to their court costumes. During the Qianlong Emperor's reign, for example, members of his family were distinguished by garments with a small circular emblem on the back, whereas Han officials wore clothing with a square emblem. Question: What shape of emblem signified a Han official? Answer: square emblem Question: What shape of emblam signified members of the royal family? Answer: circular Question: Which two ethnicities made up each position in government? Answer: Manchu and a Han Chinese

Context: In 1971, the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare approached Marvel Comics editor-in-chief Stan Lee to do a comic book story about drug abuse. Lee agreed and wrote a three-part Spider-Man story portraying drug use as dangerous and unglamorous. However, the industry's self-censorship board, the Comics Code Authority, refused to approve the story because of the presence of narcotics, deeming the context of the story irrelevant. Lee, with Goodman's approval, published the story regardless in The Amazing Spider-Man #96–98 (May–July 1971), without the Comics Code seal. The market reacted well to the storyline, and the CCA subsequently revised the Code the same year. Question: What government agency asked Marvel to do a series of stories to publicize an issue? Answer: United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Question: What issue was Marvel asked to tackle for this agency? Answer: drug abuse Question: What comic book series did stories related to this issue appear in? Answer: Spider-Man Question: What industry censorship and standards organization tried to block publication of this series? Answer: Comics Code Authority Question: What were the issue dates of the three-episode series on this public health issue? Answer: May–July 1971 Question: When did the Comics Code Authority request Marvel to do a comic on drug abuse? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the editor-in-chief of the Comics Code Authority? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What self-censorship board approved the controversial Spider-Man comic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What government-led department refused to approve the Spider-Man story? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During what months did the CCA revise its code? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In 2005, Argentina's indigenous population (known as pueblos originarios) numbered about 600,329 (1.6% of total population); this figure includes 457,363 people who self-identified as belonging to an indigenous ethnic group and 142,966 who identified themselves as first-generation descendants of an indigenous people. The ten most populous indigenous peoples are the Mapuche (113,680 people), the Kolla (70,505), the Toba (69,452), the Guaraní (68,454), the Wichi (40,036), the Diaguita-Calchaquí (31,753), the Mocoví (15,837), the Huarpe (14,633), the Comechingón (10,863) and the Tehuelche (10,590). Minor but important peoples are the Quechua (6,739), the Charrúa (4,511), the Pilagá (4,465), the Chané (4,376), and the Chorote (2,613). The Selknam (Ona) people are now virtually extinct in its pure form. The languages of the Diaguita, Tehuelche, and Selknam nations have become extinct or virtually extinct: the Cacán language (spoken by Diaguitas) in the 18th century and the Selknam language in the 20th century; one Tehuelche language (Southern Tehuelche) is still spoken by a handful of elderly people. Question: What was the number of indigenous people in Argentina as of 2005? Answer: about 600,329 Question: How many Mapuche were there in Argentina in 2005? Answer: 113,680 Question: Who are the Quechua and Chorote? Answer: Minor but important peoples Question: What indigenous population is now virtually extinct? Answer: The Selknam Question: Who still speaks Southern Tehuelche? Answer: a handful of elderly people

Context: But, like many colors, it also had a negative association, with heat, destruction and evil. A prayer to god Isis said: "Oh Isis, protect me from all things evil and red." The ancient Egyptians began manufacturing pigments in about 4000 BC. Red ochre was widely used as a pigment for wall paintings, particularly as the skin color of men. An ivory painter's palette found inside the tomb of King Tutankhamun had small compartments with pigments of red ochre and five other colors. The Egyptians used the root of the rubia, or madder plant, to make a dye, later known as alizarin, and also used it to color white power to use as a pigment, which became known as madder lake, alizarin or alizarin crimson. Question: When did Egyptians start to make red pigment? Answer: 4000 BC Question: What pigment was used for male skin tone in ancient wall art? Answer: Red ochre Question: What root did Egyptians use to source their red pigment alizarin? Answer: the rubia Question: What type of palette was found in Tutankhamun's tomb? Answer: ivory painter's palette Question: What dye did the Egyptians make using the madder plant? Answer: alizarin Question: What did a prayer to God say in regard to the color red? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who began manufacturing pigments in about 400 BC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What color was widely used for wall paintings by ivory painters? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who used the white alizarin to make crimson pigment? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Burke supported the war against revolutionary France, seeing Britain as fighting on the side of the royalists and émigres in a civil war, rather than fighting against the whole nation of France. Burke also supported the royalist uprising in La Vendée, describing it on 4 November 1793 in a letter to William Windham, as "the sole affair I have much heart in". Burke wrote to Henry Dundas on 7 October urging him to send reinforcements there, as he viewed it as the only theatre in the war that might lead to a march on Paris. Dundas did not follow Burke's advice, however. Question: Who did Burke write to on Nov 4, 1793? Answer: William Windham Question: Which faction's uprising in La Vendee did Burke support? Answer: royalist Question: Who did Burke urge to send reinforcements to La Vendee? Answer: Henry Dundas Question: Where did Burke think La Vendee might lead to a march on? Answer: Paris Question: What did Burke support Britain fighting against? Answer: revolutionary France Question: Who wrote to Burke on Nov 4, 1793? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What faction was Burke opposed to in La Vendée? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Henry Dundas write to Burke? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose advice did Dundas heed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Burke considered supporting the war against the revolution as being against which nation? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: By the early 20th century balloon, or airship, guns, for land and naval use were attracting attention. Various types of ammunition were proposed, high explosive, incendiary, bullet-chains, rod bullets and shrapnel. The need for some form of tracer or smoke trail was articulated. Fuzing options were also examined, both impact and time types. Mountings were generally pedestal type, but could be on field platforms. Trials were underway in most countries in Europe but only Krupp, Erhardt, Vickers Maxim, and Schneider had published any information by 1910. Krupp's designs included adaptations of their 65 mm 9-pounder, a 75 mm 12-pounder, and even a 105 mm gun. Erhardt also had a 12-pounder, while Vickers Maxim offered a 3-pounder and Schneider a 47 mm. The French balloon gun appeared in 1910, it was an 11-pounder but mounted on a vehicle, with a total uncrewed weight of 2 tons. However, since balloons were slow moving, sights were simple. But the challenges of faster moving airplanes were recognised. Question: What kind of guns started attracting attention? Answer: balloon, or airship, guns Question: In addition to ammo proposals, what other need was articulated? Answer: The need for some form of tracer or smoke trail Question: The impact and time types of what were analyzed? Answer: Fuzing options Question: As of 1910, who had published info available for gun designs? Answer: Krupp, Erhardt, Vickers Maxim, and Schneider Question: What gun made the scene in 1910? Answer: French balloon gun

Context: In 1725 Yongzheng bestowed the hereditary title of Marquis on a descendant of the Ming dynasty Imperial family, Zhu Zhiliang, who received a salary from the Qing government and whose duty was to perform rituals at the Ming tombs, and was also inducted the Chinese Plain White Banner in the Eight Banners. Later the Qianlong Emperor bestowed the title Marquis of Extended Grace posthumously on Zhu Zhuliang in 1750, and the title passed on through twelve generations of Ming descendants until the end of the Qing dynasty. Question: Who did Yongzheng call Marquis? Answer: Zhu Zhiliang Question: When did Yongzheng give this title? Answer: 1725 Question: What was Zhu's job? Answer: perform rituals

Context: The word phonology comes from the Greek φωνή, phōnḗ, "voice, sound," and the suffix -logy (which is from Greek λόγος, lógos, "word, speech, subject of discussion"). Definitions of the term vary. Nikolai Trubetzkoy in Grundzüge der Phonologie (1939) defines phonology as "the study of sound pertaining to the system of language," as opposed to phonetics, which is "the study of sound pertaining to the act of speech" (the distinction between language and speech being basically Saussure's distinction between langue and parole). More recently, Lass (1998) writes that phonology refers broadly to the subdiscipline of linguistics concerned with the sounds of language, while in more narrow terms, "phonology proper is concerned with the function, behavior and organization of sounds as linguistic items." According to Clark et al. (2007), it means the systematic use of sound to encode meaning in any spoken human language, or the field of linguistics studying this use. Question: What language does phonology as a word come from? Answer: Greek Question: What Greek word is -logy derived from? Answer: lógos Question: Who in 1939 defined phonology? Answer: Nikolai Trubetzkoy Question: A distinction was drawn between language and what? Answer: speech Question: When did Lass write about phonology? Answer: 1998 Question: What language does speech as a word come from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Greek word is speech derived from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who in 1939 defined speech? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A distinction was drawn between phonology and what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Lass write about speech? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: During World War II, the British destroyed the major government buildings, oil wells and mines for tungsten, tin, lead and silver to keep them from the Japanese. Myanmar was bombed extensively by both sides. After independence, the country was in ruins with its major infrastructure completely destroyed. After a parliamentary government was formed in 1948, Prime Minister U Nu embarked upon a policy of nationalisation and the state was declared the owner of all land. The government also tried to implement a poorly considered Eight-Year plan. By the 1950s, rice exports had fallen by two thirds and mineral exports by over 96% (as compared to the pre-World War II period). Plans were partly financed by printing money, which led to inflation. Question: How did world war two affect Burmese business and economy ? Answer: British destroyed the major government buildings, oil wells and mines for tungsten, tin, lead and silver to keep them from the Japanese. Question: How was the Burma framework affected by WWII ? Answer: the country was in ruins with its major infrastructure completely destroyed. Question: What lead to the architectural changes in Myanmar ? Answer: bombed extensively Question: Who was credited with changes that occurred to the interior due to the war's effects ? Answer: bombed extensively by both sides Question: When was Myanmar given sovereignty to rule it's own nation ? Answer: 1948, Prime Minister U Nu embarked upon a policy of nationalisation and the state was declared the owner of all land.

Context: RMIT University was also ranked among the top 51–100 universities in the world in the subjects of: accounting, Business and Management, communication and media studies, computer science and information systems. The Swinburne University of Technology, based in the inner city Melbourne suburb of Hawthorn is ranked 76–100 in the world for Physics by the Academic Ranking of World Universities making Swinburne the only Australian university outside the Group of Eight to achieve a top 100 rating in a science discipline. Deakin University maintains two major campuses in Melbourne and Geelong, and is the third largest university in Victoria. In recent years, the number of international students at Melbourne's universities has risen rapidly, a result of an increasing number of places being made available to full fee paying students. Education in Melbourne is overseen by the Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD), whose role is to 'provide policy and planning advice for the delivery of education'. Question: Which university maintains two major campuses in Melbourne and Geelong and is the third largest university in Victoria? Answer: Deakin University Question: What is the role of the DEECD? Answer: 'provide policy and planning advice for the delivery of education Question: Who oversees education in Melbourne? Answer: Victorian Department of Education and Early Childhood Development (DEECD)

Context: The Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Amendment XIV) is one of the post-Civil War amendments, intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the due process and equal protection clauses among others. The amendment introduces the concept of incorporation of all relevant federal rights against the states. While it has not been fully implemented, the doctrine of incorporation has been used to ensure, through the Due Process Clause and Privileges and Immunities Clause, the application of most of the rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights to the states. Question: When was the 14th Amendment to the US Constitution created? Answer: post-Civil War Question: What was the intent of the 14th Amendment? Answer: secure rights for former slaves Question: What clauses does the 14th Amendment include? Answer: due process and equal protection clauses Question: What does the 14th Amendment also introduce the concept of? Answer: incorporation of all relevant federal rights against the states Question: What has the doctrine of incorporation been used to ensure? Answer: application of most of the rights enumerated in the Bill of Rights to the states Question: When was the 13th Amendment to the US Constitution created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the intent of the 13th Amendment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What clauses does the 13th Amendment include? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the 13th Amendment also introduce the concept of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has the doctrine of incorporation been used to not ensure? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The colloquialism "buck"(s) (much like the British word "quid"(s, pl) for the pound sterling) is often used to refer to dollars of various nations, including the U.S. dollar. This term, dating to the 18th century, may have originated with the colonial leather trade. It may also have originated from a poker term. "Greenback" is another nickname originally applied specifically to the 19th century Demand Note dollars created by Abraham Lincoln to finance the costs of the Civil War for the North. The original note was printed in black and green on the back side. It is still used to refer to the U.S. dollar (but not to the dollars of other countries). Other well-known names of the dollar as a whole in denominations include "greenmail", "green" and "dead presidents" (the last because deceased presidents are pictured on most bills). Question: What is the British equivalent of a "buck"? Answer: quid Question: In which century can the term "buck" be traced back to? Answer: 18th Question: What kind of trade may have been the origin of the "buck"? Answer: colonial leather trade Question: What was the nickname given to the Demand Note dollars that were used to finance the Civil War? Answer: Greenback Question: What color other than green was used on the backside of the original note? Answer: black Question: What is the British equivalent of a "whole"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which century can the term "whole" be traced back to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of trade may have been the origin of the "whole"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the nickname given to the Demand Bill dollars that were used to finance the buck? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What color other than red was used on the backside of the original note? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Popper is known for his rejection of the classical inductivist views on the scientific method, in favour of empirical falsification: A theory in the empirical sciences can never be proven, but it can be falsified, meaning that it can and should be scrutinized by decisive experiments. He used the black swan fallacy to discuss falsification. If the outcome of an experiment contradicts the theory, one should refrain from ad hoc manoeuvres that evade the contradiction merely by making it less falsifiable. Popper is also known for his opposition to the classical justificationist account of knowledge, which he replaced with critical rationalism, "the first non-justificational philosophy of criticism in the history of philosophy." Question: Which classical views about the method of science did Popper reject? Answer: inductivist Question: Who proposed empirical falsification as the central principle of the scientific method? Answer: Popper Question: What is necessary for a scientific theory to be falsified? Answer: decisive experiments Question: Which account of knowledge did Popper contest? Answer: classical justificationist Question: What is the term for Popper's non-justificational theory of criticism? Answer: critical rationalism Question: Who is known for his embrace of the classical inductivist views? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who disproved empirical falsification as a central principle of the scientific method? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the white swan fallacy used to discuss? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What should a scientist do if the outcome of an experiment confirms the theory? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was known for his support of the classical justificationist account of knowledge? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: English is used as a second language in parts of Southern Europe. As a primary language, however, English has only a small presence in Southern Europe, only in Gibraltar (alongside Spanish) and Malta (secondary to Maltese). Question: What is considered a de facto second language in Mediterranean Europe? Answer: English Question: Besides English, what other language is spoken in Gibraltar? Answer: Spanish Question: Besides English, what other language is spoken in Malta? Answer: Maltese Question: What language is considered a defacto first langauge in Mediterranean Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language is the third most common in Malta? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language is the most common in Southern Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language is the third most common in Gibraltar? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does English have a large presence as a primary language? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In the Church of England, the ecclesiastical courts that formerly decided many matters such as disputes relating to marriage, divorce, wills, and defamation, still have jurisdiction of certain church-related matters (e.g. discipline of clergy, alteration of church property, and issues related to churchyards). Their separate status dates back to the 12th century when the Normans split them off from the mixed secular/religious county and local courts used by the Saxons. In contrast to the other courts of England the law used in ecclesiastical matters is at least partially a civil law system, not common law, although heavily governed by parliamentary statutes. Since the Reformation, ecclesiastical courts in England have been royal courts. The teaching of canon law at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge was abrogated by Henry VIII; thereafter practitioners in the ecclesiastical courts were trained in civil law, receiving a Doctor of Civil Law (D.C.L.) degree from Oxford, or a Doctor of Laws (LL.D.) degree from Cambridge. Such lawyers (called "doctors" and "civilians") were centered at "Doctors Commons", a few streets south of St Paul's Cathedral in London, where they monopolized probate, matrimonial, and admiralty cases until their jurisdiction was removed to the common law courts in the mid-19th century. Question: In what institution do church courts still have relevant functions in secular society? Answer: the Church of England Question: In what century did Saxons and Normans separate? Answer: 12th Question: What type of law is not found in ecclesiastical systems in the modern day? Answer: common law Question: At which universities were canon law degrees abolished? Answer: Oxford and Cambridge Question: Who was responsible for banning canon law education from Oxford and Cambridge? Answer: Henry VIII Question: Where do church courts no longer function in secular society? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Normans split away from in the 1200s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In one country is ecclesiastical matters part of a common law system? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were ecclesiastical courts prior to the Reformation in England? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What universities offer Canon law degrees? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The story takes place during three years (1933–35) of the Great Depression in the fictional "tired old town" of Maycomb, Alabama, the seat of Maycomb County. It focuses on six-year-old Jean Louise Finch (Scout), who lives with her older brother, Jem, and their widowed father, Atticus, a middle-aged lawyer. Jem and Scout befriend a boy named Dill, who visits Maycomb to stay with his aunt each summer. The three children are terrified of, and fascinated by, their neighbor, the reclusive Arthur "Boo" Radley. The adults of Maycomb are hesitant to talk about Boo, and, for many years few have seen him. The children feed one another's imagination with rumors about his appearance and reasons for remaining hidden, and they fantasize about how to get him out of his house. After two summers of friendship with Dill, Scout and Jem find that someone leaves them small gifts in a tree outside the Radley place. Several times the mysterious Boo makes gestures of affection to the children, but, to their disappointment, he never appears in person. Question: Where is the setting for To Kill a Mockingbird? Answer: Maycomb, Alabama Question: How many years does the story of To Kill a Mockingbird take place? Answer: three Question: How many children does the protagonist, Atticus Finch, have? Answer: two Question: Atticus Finch's children make friends with whom during the story? Answer: Dill Question: What is the name of the town the story takes place in? Answer: Maycomb, Alabama Question: In what historical era does the book take place? Answer: the Great Depression Question: Who is the main character of the book? Answer: Jean Louise Finch (Scout)

Context: Hunting and gathering was humanity's first and most successful adaptation, occupying at least 90 percent of human history. Following the invention of agriculture, hunter-gatherers have been displaced or conquered by farming or pastoralist groups in most parts of the world. Question: What has been humans' best adaptation in food production? Answer: Hunting and gathering Question: What was the first way humans used to find food? Answer: Hunting and gathering Question: What stopped the widespread use of hunting and gathering? Answer: invention of agriculture Question: What are the basic types of agricultural groups? Answer: farming or pastoralist groups Question: What was humanity's second most successful adaptation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Following the invention of gathering, hunter-gatherers have been what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Hunting and gathering were represented by which groups? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which group has been displaced or conquered by farming? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which adaptation occupied at least 95 percent of human history? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Although the Estonian and Germanic languages are of very different origins, one can identify many similar words in Estonian and English, for example. This is primarily because the Estonian language has borrowed nearly one third of its vocabulary from Germanic languages, mainly from Low Saxon (Middle Low German) during the period of German rule, and High German (including standard German). The percentage of Low Saxon and High German loanwords can be estimated at 22–25 percent, with Low Saxon making up about 15 percent.[citation needed] Question: Close to 33 percent of Estonian's vocabulary belong to what group of languages? Answer: Germanic languages Question: What is the main Germanic language from which Estonia gets the Germanic portion of its vocabulary? Answer: Low Saxon Question: When did Low Saxon make its appearance as part of the Estonian language? Answer: during the period of German rule Question: From what other Germanic language does Estonian derive its vocabulary? Answer: High German Question: Standard German is part of what Germanic language? Answer: High German Question: What language does Estonian have very close origins with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Low Saxon stop being part of the Estonian language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: From what non-Germanic language does Estonian derive its vocabulary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Non-Standard German is part of what Germanic language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Less than 30 percent of Estonian's vocabulary belong to what group of languages? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In September 2015, the 193 member states of the United Nations unanimously adopted the Sustainable Development Goals, a set of 17 goals aiming to transform the world over the next 15 years. These goals are designed to eliminate poverty, discrimination, abuse and preventable deaths, address environmental destruction, and usher in an era of development for all people, everywhere. Question: When did the U.N. vote to adopt the Sustainable Development Goals? Answer: 2015 Question: How many countries adopted the Sustainable Development Goals? Answer: 193 Question: How many Sustainable Development Goals are there? Answer: 17 Question: The Sustainable Development Goals are intended to change the world over what time period? Answer: 15 years Question: How many member states voted against Sustainable Development Goals? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many years did it take to form the goals? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What goals aimed at keeping things the same in the world? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which goals were designed to increase poverty? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was considered unimportant to the UN? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: DST is generally not observed near the equator, where sunrise times do not vary enough to justify it. Some countries observe it only in some regions; for example, southern Brazil observes it while equatorial Brazil does not. Only a minority of the world's population uses DST because Asia and Africa generally do not observe it. Question: Which part of Brazil observes Daylight Saving Time? Answer: southern Brazil Question: What part of Brazil does not observe DST? Answer: equatorial Brazil Question: Which two continents that comprise a majority of the population worldwide don't observe DST? Answer: Asia and Africa Question: The lack of fluctuation in time for what daily event means regions of the world near the equator don't usually keep DST? Answer: sunrise

Context: The term can be found used in an October 1845 Massachusetts Circuit Court ruling in the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown., in which Justice Charles L. Woodbury wrote that "only in this way can we protect intellectual property, the labors of the mind, productions and interests are as much a man's own...as the wheat he cultivates, or the flocks he rears." The statement that "discoveries are...property" goes back earlier. Section 1 of the French law of 1791 stated, "All new discoveries are the property of the author; to assure the inventor the property and temporary enjoyment of his discovery, there shall be delivered to him a patent for five, ten or fifteen years." In Europe, French author A. Nion mentioned propriété intellectuelle in his Droits civils des auteurs, artistes et inventeurs, published in 1846. Question: When was the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown ruled on? Answer: October 1845 Question: Which court ruled on the patent case Davoll et al. v. Brown? Answer: Massachusetts Circuit Court Question: Who wrote that "only in this way can we protect intellectual property"? Answer: Justice Charles L. Woodbury Question: What year did the "discoveries are property" concept appear in French law? Answer: 1791 Question: When did French author A. Nion mention intellectual property? Answer: 1846 Question: What French author mentioned intellectual property in 1845? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who ruled on the 1846 patent case? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What justice wrote "All new discoveries are the property of the author" Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did French law state that " the labors of the mind, productions and interests are as much a man's own...as the wheat he cultivates"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is delivered to the nventor for anywhere from 1-15 years? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The first railway line in Galicia was inaugurated 15 September 1873. It ran from O Carril, Vilagarcía de Arousa to Cornes, Conxo, Santiago de Compostela. A second line was inaugurated in 1875, connecting A Coruña and Lugo. In 1883, Galicia was first connected by rail to the rest of Spain, by way of O Barco de Valdeorras. Galicia today has roughly 1,100 kilometres (680 mi) of rail lines. Several 1,668 mm (5 ft 5 21⁄32 in) Iberian gauge lines operated by Adif and Renfe Operadora connect all the important Galician cities. A 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 3⁄8 in) metre gauge line operated by FEVE connects Ferrol to Ribadeo and Oviedo. The only electrified line is the Ponferrada-Monforte de Lemos-Ourense-Vigo line. Several high-speed rail lines are under construction. Among these are the Olmedo-Zamora-Galicia high-speed rail line that opened partly in 2011, and the AVE Atlantic Axis route, which will connect all of the major Galician Atlantic coast cities A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, Pontevedra and Vigo to Portugal. Another projected AVE line will connect Ourense to Pontevedra and Vigo. Question: In which year did Galicia's first railway line open? Answer: 1873 Question: What is the name of its only electrified railway? Answer: Ponferrada-Monforte de Lemos-Ourense-Vigo

Context: The relationship between ethnic Greek identity and Greek Orthodox religion continued after the creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830. According to the second article of the first Greek constitution of 1822, a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece, a clause removed by 1840. A century later, when the Treaty of Lausanne was signed between Greece and Turkey in 1923, the two countries agreed to use religion as the determinant for ethnic identity for the purposes of population exchange, although most of the Greeks displaced (over a million of the total 1.5 million) had already been driven out by the time the agreement was signed.[note 1] The Greek genocide, in particular the harsh removal of Pontian Greeks from the southern shore area of the Black Sea, contemporaneous with and following the failed Greek Asia Minor Campaign, was part of this process of Turkification of the Ottoman Empire and the placement of its economy and trade, then largely in Greek hands under ethnic Turkish control. Question: When was the Greece that we know today officially formed ? Answer: creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830 Question: When was the original Grecian constitution formed ? Answer: first Greek constitution of 1822 Question: How did the original Constitution identify its society members ? Answer: a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece Question: Is this identifying factor for official citizens of Greece still in effect today ? Answer: clause removed by 1840 Question: What factor was used to expel or include citizens in the Lausanne Treaty ? Answer: agreed to use religion as the determinant for ethnic identity for the purposes of population exchange Question: When was the Greece that we know today unofficially formed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the original Grecian constitution not formed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did the original Constitution not identify its society members? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who removed this clause? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What factor was used to expel or include citizens outside of the Lausanne Treaty? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Another milestone in the early development of Baptist doctrine was in 1638 with John Spilsbury, a Calvinistic minister who helped to promote the strict practice of believer's baptism by immersion. According to Tom Nettles, professor of historical theology at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, "Spilsbury's cogent arguments for a gathered, disciplined congregation of believers baptized by immersion as constituting the New Testament church gave expression to and built on insights that had emerged within separatism, advanced in the life of John Smyth and the suffering congregation of Thomas Helwys, and matured in Particular Baptists." Question: When did John Spilsbury promote the strict practice of immersion? Answer: 1638 Question: Who promoted strict immersion baptism? Answer: John Spilsbury Question: Tom Nettles was a professor at what seminary? Answer: Southern Baptist Theological Seminary Question: What was Tom Nettles a professor of? Answer: historical theology Question: When did John Spilsbury create the strict practice of immersion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who destroyed strict immersion baptism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Tom Nettles was a student at what seminary? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Tom Nettles a student of? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Most biological entities that are more complex than a virus sometimes or always carry additional genetic material besides that which resides in their chromosomes. In some contexts, such as sequencing the genome of a pathogenic microbe, "genome" is meant to include information stored on this auxiliary material, which is carried in plasmids. In such circumstances then, "genome" describes all of the genes and information on non-coding DNA that have the potential to be present. Question: What is an example of an organism that has a portion of its genetic material outside of its chromosomes? Answer: pathogenic microbe Question: What is an example of an organism whose full complement of genetic material resides in its chromosomes? Answer: virus Question: Where is additional genetic material found in pathogenic microbes? Answer: plasmids Question: What do viruses always carry within their structure? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is additional genetic material found in a virus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another word used for genome? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What organism has part of its genetic material inside a virus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do most viruses more complex than plasmids carry? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: On March 17, 1991, an all-Russian referendum created the post of President of the RSFSR. On June 12, Boris Yeltsin was elected President of Russia by popular vote. During an unsuccessful coup attempt on August 19–21, 1991 in Moscow, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, President of Russia Yeltsin strongly supported the President of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev. Question: On what date was the office of President of the RSFSR created? Answer: March 17, 1991 Question: Who was the first President of the RSFSR? Answer: Boris Yeltsin Question: Who was the President of the Soviet Union in 1991? Answer: Mikhail Gorbachev Question: On what date did the first election for President of the RSFSR occur? Answer: June 12 Question: During what period was there an attempted coup in Moscow? Answer: August 19–21, 1991 Question: On what date was the office of President of the RSFSR not created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wasn't the first President of the RSFSR? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the President of the Soviet Union in 1919? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date did the second election for President of the RSFSR occur? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During what period was there an attempted coup in Kiev? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: RIBA Enterprises is the commercial arm of RIBA, with a registered office in Newcastle upon Tyne, a base at 15 Bonhill Street in London, and an office in Newark. It employs over 250 staff, approximately 180 of whom are based in Newcastle. Question: What is the name of the Royal Institute's business operation? Answer: RIBA Enterprises Question: Where does RIBA's business group have its headquarters office? Answer: 15 Bonhill Street in London Question: How many people work for RIBA Enterprises? Answer: over 250 Question: How many of RIBA Enterprises' staff are located at the Newcastle office? Answer: 180 Question: What is the name of the Royal Institute's academic operation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does RIBA's business group hide its headquarters office? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people quit working for RIBA Enterprises? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many of RIBA Enterprises' staff are not located at the Newcastle office? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Several South Slavic languages are spoken by millions of people in Southern Europe. Serbian is spoken in Serbia, Bosnia, and Croatia; Bulgarian is spoken in Bulgaria; Croatian is spoken in Croatia and Bosnia; Bosnian is spoken in Bosnia; Slovene is spoken in Slovenia; and Macedonian is spoken in Macedonia. Question: What language is used in Macedonia? Answer: Macedonian Question: What do people speak in Bulgaria? Answer: Bulgarian Question: Slovene is a major language in what country? Answer: Slovenia Question: What is the most common Slavic language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is Bulgarian ale made? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is Croatian the second most common language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What languages are spoken by millions of people in Northern Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What language is spoken in both Serbia and Croatia? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Historically, Iran has been referred to as Persia by the West, due mainly to the writings of Greek historians who called Iran Persis (Greek: Περσίς), meaning "land of the Persians." As the most extensive interactions the Ancient Greeks had with any outsider was with the Persians, the term persisted, even long after the Persian rule in Greece. However, Persis (Old Persian: Pārśa; Modern Persian: Pārse) was originally referred to a region settled by Persians in the west shore of Lake Urmia, in the 9th century BC. The settlement was then shifted to the southern end of the Zagros Mountains, and is today defined as Fars Province. Question: Which historians referred to Iran as Persis? Answer: Greek historians Question: What has the West historically referred Iran as? Answer: Persia Question: When did Persians settle on the west shore of Lake Urmia? Answer: the 9th century BC Question: After Lake Urmia, Persis then shifted over to what region? Answer: the southern end of the Zagros Mountains, Question: What is Persis known as today? Answer: Fars Province

Context: The Arians no longer presented an unbroken front to their orthodox opponents. The Emperor Constantius, who had been the cause of so much trouble, died 4 November, 361 and was succeeded by Julian. The proclamation of the new prince's accession was the signal for a pagan outbreak against the still dominant Arian faction in Alexandria. George, the usurping Bishop, was flung into prison and murdered. An obscure presbyter of the name of Pistus was immediately chosen by the Arians to succeed him, when fresh news arrived that filled the orthodox party with hope. An edict had been put forth by Julian permitting the exiled bishops of the "Galileans" to return to their "towns and provinces". Athanasius received a summons from his own flock, and he accordingly re-entered his episcopal capitol on 22 February, 362. Question: Who succeeded Emperor Constantius? Answer: Julian Question: Who succeeded George of Cappadocia? Answer: Pistus Question: In what year did Athanasius return to his episcopal capitol? Answer: 362 Question: In what year did Emperor Constantius die? Answer: 361 Question: How did George of Cappadocia die in prison? Answer: murdered Question: Were the Arians united in their oppostion? Answer: The Arians no longer presented an unbroken front Question: Who succeeded the Emperor Constantius? Answer: Julian Question: What happened to the usurping bishop, George? Answer: flung into prison and murdered Question: Who then succeeded George? Answer: An obscure presbyter of the name of Pistus Question: When did Athanasius re-enter the capitol? Answer: 22 February, 362 Question: Who preceded Emperor Constantius? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who preceded George of Cappadocia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Emperor Constantius born? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did George of Cappadocia die outside of prison? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Teenage alcohol drug use is currently at an all-time low. Out of a polled body of students, 4.4% of 8th graders reported having been on at least one occasion been drunk within the previous month; for 10th graders, the number was 13.7%, and for 12th graders, 25%. More drastically, cigarette smoking has become a far less prevalent activity among American middle- and high-school students; in fact, a greater number of teens now smoke marijuana than smoke cigarettes, with one recent study showing a respective 15.2% versus 11.7% of surveyed students. Recent studies have shown that male late adolescents are far more likely to smoke cigarettes rather than females. The study indicated that there was a discernible gender difference in the prevalence of smoking among the students. The finding of the study show that more males than females began smoking when they were in primary and high schools whereas most females started smoking after high school. This may be attributed to recent changing social and political views towards marijuana; issues such as medicinal use and legalization have tended towards painting the drug in a more positive light than historically, while cigarettes continue to be vilified due to associated health risks. Question: Is teenage alcohol drug use at al all-time high or low? Answer: low Question: Do teens smoke marijuana or cigarettes more commonly? Answer: marijuana Question: Are male or female late adolescents more likely to smoke cigarettes? Answer: male Question: What is one possible explanation for the shift towards marijuana and away from cigarettes? Answer: recent changing social and political views towards marijuana

Context: In the Battle of Cowan's Ford, Cornwallis met resistance along the banks of the Catawba River at Cowan's Ford on February 1, 1781, in an attempt to engage General Morgan's forces during a tactical withdrawal. Morgan had moved to the northern part of the state to combine with General Greene's newly recruited forces. Generals Greene and Cornwallis finally met at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse in present-day Greensboro on March 15, 1781. Although the British troops held the field at the end of the battle, their casualties at the hands of the numerically superior Continental Army were crippling. Following this "Pyrrhic victory", Cornwallis chose to move to the Virginia coastline to get reinforcements, and to allow the Royal Navy to protect his battered army. This decision would result in Cornwallis' eventual defeat at Yorktown, Virginia, later in 1781. The Patriots' victory there guaranteed American independence. Question: The Battle of Cowan's Ford was fought on the banks of what river? Answer: Catawba Question: What year was the battle of Cowans Ford? Answer: 1781 Question: What is the present day name of the city that the Battle of Guilford Courthouse was fought at? Answer: Greensboro Question: After losing the battle of Guilford Courthouse, Cornawallis moved his troops where? Answer: Virginia coastline Question: What did Cornwallis move to the coastline after losing the battle of Guilford Courthouse? Answer: to get reinforcements

Context: In the past 20 years, several commercial streets have been developed, hence the nightlife has become more diverse: there are shopping malls opening late in the Xinjiekou CBD and Hunan Road. The well-established "Nanjing 1912" district hosts a wide variety of recreational facilities ranging from traditional restaurants and western pubs to dance clubs. There are two major areas where bars are densely located; one is in 1912 block; the other is along Shanghai road and its neighbourhood. Both are popular with international residents of the city. Question: When did more commercial streets become built in Nanjing? Answer: In the past 20 years Question: What has happened as the result of more commercial streets in Nanjing? Answer: the nightlife has become more diverse Question: What area has lots of types of recreational outlets? Answer: "Nanjing 1912" Question: Other than at "Nanjing 1912", where else are there a lot of bars? Answer: along Shanghai road and its neighbourhood Question: The two areas with a lot of bars are popular with whom? Answer: international residents of the city

Context: The Prussian army was controlled by the General Staff, under Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke. The Prussian army was unique in Europe for having the only such organisation in existence, whose purpose in peacetime was to prepare the overall war strategy, and in wartime to direct operational movement and organise logistics and communications. The officers of the General Staff were hand-picked from the Prussian Kriegsakademie (War Academy). Moltke embraced new technology, particularly the railroad and telegraph, to coordinate and accelerate mobilisation of large forces. Question: What entity controlled the Prussian army? Answer: the General Staff Question: Who commanded the General Staff? Answer: Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke Question: What was the unique purpose of the Prussian Army during peacetime? Answer: to prepare the overall war strategy Question: The officers of the General Staff were hand-selected from which place? Answer: Prussian Kriegsakademie (War Academy) Question: What new technologies in particular were courted by Moltke? Answer: the railroad and telegraph

Context: Elizabeth was born at 02:40 (GMT) on 21 April 1926, during the reign of her paternal grandfather, King George V. Her father, Prince Albert, Duke of York (later King George VI), was the second son of the King. Her mother, Elizabeth, Duchess of York (later Queen Elizabeth), was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. She was delivered by Caesarean section at her maternal grandfather's London house: 17 Bruton Street, Mayfair. She was baptised by the Anglican Archbishop of York, Cosmo Gordon Lang, in the private chapel of Buckingham Palace on 29 May,[c] and named Elizabeth after her mother, Alexandra after George V's mother, who had died six months earlier, and Mary after her paternal grandmother. Called "Lilibet" by her close family, based on what she called herself at first, she was cherished by her grandfather George V, and during his serious illness in 1929 her regular visits were credited in the popular press and by later biographers with raising his spirits and aiding his recovery. Question: During whose reign was Elizabeth born? Answer: King George V Question: What was Elizabeth's fathers title at the time of her birth? Answer: Prince Albert, Duke of York Question: What title and name did Elizabeth's father take upon becoming king? Answer: King George VI Question: Which Bishop of York baptized Elizabeth? Answer: Cosmo Gordon Lang Question: What was Elizabeth's nickname when she was young? Answer: Lilibet Question: In what year did Elizabeth's paternal grandmother Mary die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did King George V die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was King George V's oldest son? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Elizabeth, Duchess of York, crowned as the Queen of England? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was Elizabeth's paternal grandfather? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Albon Man, a New York lawyer, started Electro-Dynamic Light Company in 1878 to exploit his patents and those of William Sawyer. Weeks later the United States Electric Lighting Company was organized. This company didn't made their first commercial installation of incandescent lamps until the fall of 1880 at the Mercantile Safe Deposit Company in New York City, about six months after the Edison incandescent lamps had been installed on the Columbia. Hiram S. Maxim was the chief engineer at the United States Electric Lighting Company. Question: Who founded Electro-Dynamic Light Company? Answer: Albon Man Question: Who was the chief engineer at the United States Electric Lighting Company? Answer: Hiram S. Maxim Question: Where did Electro-Dynamic Light Company install its first lights? Answer: Mercantile Safe Deposit Company Question: When did Electro-Dynamic Light Company install its first lights? Answer: fall of 1880 Question: Which company was organized first, Electro-Dynamic Light Company or United States Electric Lighting Company? Answer: Electro-Dynamic Light Company Question: Who began the Electro-Dynamic Light Company in 1890? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose other patents did Albon Man not exploit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the first installation of incandescent lamps in 1890? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the chief architect at the United States Electric Lighting Company? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did not make their first installation until the spring of 1880? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In China, which uses simplified Chinese characters, the Xiàndài Hànyǔ Chángyòng Zìbiǎo (现代汉语常用字表, Chart of Common Characters of Modern Chinese) lists 2,500 common characters and 1,000 less-than-common characters, while the Xiàndài Hànyǔ Tōngyòng Zìbiǎo (现代汉语通用字表, Chart of Generally Utilized Characters of Modern Chinese) lists 7,000 characters, including the 3,500 characters already listed above. GB2312, an early version of the national encoding standard used in the People's Republic of China, has 6,763 code points. GB18030, the modern, mandatory standard, has a much higher number. The New Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Kǎoshì (汉语水平考试, Chinese Proficiency Test) covers approximately 2,600 characters at its highest level (level six). Question: What country uses simplified Chinese characters? Answer: China Question: What lists 2,500 common characters? Answer: Chart of Common Characters of Modern Chinese Question: What is an early version of the national encoding standard used in the people's public of China? Answer: GB2312

Context: Planning and Directing is "the determination of intelligence requirements, development of appropriate intelligence architecture, preparation of a collection plan, and issuance of orders and requests to information collection agencies" (JP 2-01, Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations). These activities enable the synchronization and integration of collection, processing, exploitation, analysis, and dissemination activities/resources to meet information requirements of national and military decision makers. Question: What agency is in charge of intelligence requirements? Answer: Joint and National Intelligence Support to Military Operations Question: What is one of the ways that the Air Force uses Planning and Directing in its operations? Answer: development of appropriate intelligence architecture Question: Who benefits from the process analysis and dissemination of this information? Answer: national and military decision makers

Context: Southampton is also served by the rail network, which is used both by freight services to and from the docks and passenger services as part of the national rail system. The main station in the city is Southampton Central. Rail routes run east towards Portsmouth, north to Winchester, the Midlands and London, and westwards to Bournemouth, Poole, Dorchester, Weymouth, Salisbury, Bristol and Cardiff. The route to London was opened in 1840 by what was to become the London and South Western Railway Company. Both this and its successor the Southern Railway (UK) played a significant role in the creation of the modern port following their purchase and development of the town's docks. Question: Southampton's railways provide freight services and what other important services? Answer: passenger services Question: What's the name of the main train station in Southampton? Answer: Southampton Central Question: Heading east from Southampton, what city is connected by rail? Answer: Portsmouth Question: In which direction do trains run from Southampton to Winchester? Answer: north Question: In what year did the rail route from Southampton to London open? Answer: 1840

Context: Phase change materials such as paraffin wax and Glauber's salt are another thermal storage media. These materials are inexpensive, readily available, and can deliver domestically useful temperatures (approximately 64 °C or 147 °F). The "Dover House" (in Dover, Massachusetts) was the first to use a Glauber's salt heating system, in 1948. Solar energy can also be stored at high temperatures using molten salts. Salts are an effective storage medium because they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems. The Solar Two used this method of energy storage, allowing it to store 1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh) in its 68 cubic metres storage tank with an annual storage efficiency of about 99%. Question: Paraffin wax is an example of what kind of storage media? Answer: thermal Question: The first Glauber's salt heating system was first used where? Answer: The "Dover House" Question: What are some examples of phase change materials? Answer: paraffin wax and Glauber's salt Question: What are the approximate temperatures that can be delivered by phase change materials? Answer: 64 °C or 147 °F Question: What was the name of the heating system that first used Glauber's salt? Answer: Dover House Question: Why are salts good for thermal storage? Answer: they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems Question: How much energy was the Solar Two able to store using salts? Answer: 1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh)

Context: Though researchers generally believe that sexual orientation is not determined by any one factor but by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences, with biological factors involving a complex interplay of genetic factors and the early uterine environment, they favor biological models for the cause. They believe that sexual orientation is not a choice, and some of them believe that it is established at conception. That is, individuals do not choose to be homosexual, heterosexual, bisexual, or asexual. While current scientific investigation usually seeks to find biological explanations for the adoption of a particular sexual orientation, there are yet no replicated scientific studies supporting any specific biological etiology for sexual orientation. However, scientific studies have found a number of statistical biological differences between gay people and heterosexuals, which may result from the same underlying cause as sexual orientation itself. Question: What do researchers generally believe causes sexual orientation? Answer: a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences Question: What biological factors do they believe plays a complicated part in sexual orientation? Answer: a complex interplay of genetic factors and the early uterine environment, they favor biological models for the cause Question: What do they believe about sexual orientation? Answer: not a choice, and some of them believe that it is established at conception. Question: What differences hace scientist found in certain studies? Answer: statistical biological differences between gay people and heterosexuals Question: What can these results be caused from? Answer: the same underlying cause as sexual orientation itself

Context: As a division within the BBC, Television was formerly known as BBC Vision for a few years in the early 21st century, until its name reverted to Television in 2013. It is responsible for the commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting of all programming on the BBC's television channels, and is led by Danny Cohen. Question: When did BBC Vision change back to BBC Television? Answer: 2013 Question: Who is the current head of BBC Television? Answer: Danny Cohen Question: What are the four responsibilities of BBC Television? Answer: commissioning, producing, scheduling and broadcasting Question: What was BBC Vision formerly known as for a few years in the early 21st century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who is the person who commissioning all programming on the BBC's television channels? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is responsible for scheduling all programs? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Finally, in the 1990s, Internet Protocol-based videoconferencing became possible, and more efficient video compression technologies were developed, permitting desktop, or personal computer (PC)-based videoconferencing. In 1992 CU-SeeMe was developed at Cornell by Tim Dorcey et al. In 1995 the first public videoconference between North America and Africa took place, linking a technofair in San Francisco with a techno-rave and cyberdeli in Cape Town. At the Winter Olympics opening ceremony in Nagano, Japan, Seiji Ozawa conducted the Ode to Joy from Beethoven's Ninth Symphony simultaneously across five continents in near-real time. Question: In what decade was Internet video-conferencing made possible? Answer: 1990s Question: In what device was videoconferencing finally able to be used in? Answer: desktop Question: In what year was CU-SeeMe, a desktop-based videoconferencing tool, developed? Answer: 1992 Question: In what year did the first public video-conference take place? Answer: 1995 Question: What South African city participated in the first public video-conference? Answer: Cape Town Question: What was developed at Cornell by Seiji Ozawa? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the CU-SeeMee take place that linked San Francisco and Captown? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened at a technofair in Nagano, Japan in real time? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What became possible that allowed the Winter Olympics opening ceremony to happen? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Nagano Japan take part in the first public video-conference linking two continents? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The name "Seattle" appears on official Washington Territory papers dated May 23, 1853, when the first plats for the village were filed. In 1855, nominal land settlements were established. On January 14, 1865, the Legislature of Territorial Washington incorporated the Town of Seattle with a board of trustees managing the city. The town of Seattle was disincorporated January 18, 1867 and remained a mere precinct of King County until late 1869, when a new petition was filed and the city was re-incorporated December 2, 1869 with a Mayor-council government. The corporate seal of the City of Seattle carries the date "1869" and a likeness of Chief Sealth in left profile. Question: At what date did the name Seattle first appear on official papers? Answer: May 23, 1853 Question: When were the first land allocations made in Seattle? Answer: May 23, 1853 Question: At what date was Seattle incorporated as a town? Answer: January 14, 1865 Question: What type of governing body did Seattle have in 1869? Answer: Mayor-council Question: What famous Indian appears on the seal of Seattle? Answer: Chief Sealth

Context: Video games are playable on various versions of iPods. The original iPod had the game Brick (originally invented by Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak) included as an easter egg hidden feature; later firmware versions added it as a menu option. Later revisions of the iPod added three more games: Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz. Question: On what devices can video games be used? Answer: iPods Question: What was included on the first iPod? Answer: Brick Question: Who created Brick? Answer: Steve Wozniak Question: What are three games, in addition to Brick, which have been included with the iPod? Answer: Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz Question: What is another phrase meaning hidden feature? Answer: easter egg Question: What was the first, hidden game included with the original iPod? Answer: Brick Question: What other games were later added to the original iPod? Answer: Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz

Context: In May 2005, GE announced the launch of a program called "Ecomagination," intended, in the words of CEO Jeff Immelt "to develop tomorrow's solutions such as solar energy, hybrid locomotives, fuel cells, lower-emission aircraft engines, lighter and stronger durable materials, efficient lighting, and water purification technology". The announcement prompted an op-ed piece in The New York Times to observe that, "while General Electric's increased emphasis on clean technology will probably result in improved products and benefit its bottom line, Mr. Immelt's credibility as a spokesman on national environmental policy is fatally flawed because of his company's intransigence in cleaning up its own toxic legacy." Question: When did GE announce its Ecoimagination program? Answer: May 2005 Question: Who was the CEO of GE when it announced its Ecoimagination program? Answer: Jeff Immelt Question: What type of technology related to water was to be developed under the Ecoimagination program? Answer: water purification technology Question: Which newspaper printed an op-ed piece that questioned Immelt's credibility as a spokesman on environmental policy? Answer: The New York Times Question: What type of locomotive technology was to be developed by GE under its Ecoimagination program? Answer: hybrid Question: Who wrote an op-ed piece in the New York Times about GE's CEO in May 2005? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did GE start polluting the environment? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was solar energy introduced as a way to generate electricity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Jeff Immelt become the CEO of GE? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the first hybrid locomotive introduced onto the market? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Skiing, snowboarding and mountaineering are among the most popular sports in Switzerland, the nature of the country being particularly suited for such activities. Winter sports are practiced by the natives and tourists since the second half of the 19th century with the invention of bobsleigh in St. Moritz. The first world ski championships were held in Mürren (1931) and St. Moritz (1934). The latter town hosted the second Winter Olympic Games in 1928 and the fifth edition in 1948. Among the most successful skiers and world champions are Pirmin Zurbriggen and Didier Cuche. Question: What 3 mountain sports are among the most popular in Switzerland? Answer: Skiing, snowboarding and mountaineering Question: Where was the bobsleigh invented? Answer: St. Moritz Question: When were the first ski championships held in Murren? Answer: 1931 Question: Which town hosted the 2nd Winter Olympic Games in 1928? Answer: St. Moritz

Context: Unlike many other MP3 players, simply copying audio or video files to the drive with a typical file management application will not allow an iPod to properly access them. The user must use software that has been specifically designed to transfer media files to iPods, so that the files are playable and viewable. Usually iTunes is used to transfer media to an iPod, though several alternative third-party applications are available on a number of different platforms. Question: What kind program is commonly used to move files between iTunes and an iPod? Answer: iTunes Question: What kind of other applications enable communication between iTunes and an iPod? Answer: third-party Question: Rather than copying media files directly to it, what software must be used for this purpose so that they are accessible? Answer: iTunes

Context: After the grant of the royal charter it had become known as the Royal Institute of British Architects in London, eventually dropping the reference to London in 1892. In 1934, it moved to its current headquarters on Portland Place, with the building being opened by King George V and Queen Mary. Question: What caused the change of the Institute's name? Answer: the grant of the royal charter Question: What was removed from the Royal Institute's name? Answer: the reference to London Question: When was the mention of London removed from the Royal Institute's name? Answer: 1892 Question: Where is the Royal Institute of British Architects located? Answer: Portland Place Question: Who opened the structure in which the Royal Institute is currently housed? Answer: King George V and Queen Mary Question: What caused the Institute's name to not change? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was added to the Royal Institute's name? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the mention of London included in the Royal Institute's name? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who opened the structure in which the Royal Institute is formerly housed? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In the hindgut (element 16 in numbered diagram), or proctodaeum, undigested food particles are joined by uric acid to form fecal pellets. The rectum absorbs 90% of the water in these fecal pellets, and the dry pellet is then eliminated through the anus (element 17), completing the process of digestion. The uric acid is formed using hemolymph waste products diffused from the Malpighian tubules (element 20). It is then emptied directly into the alimentary canal, at the junction between the midgut and hindgut. The number of Malpighian tubules possessed by a given insect varies between species, ranging from only two tubules in some insects to over 100 tubules in others.:71–72, 78–80 Question: What is a proctodaeum? Answer: the hindgut Question: What kind of food particles have uric acid? Answer: undigested Question: What kind of acid forms fecal pellets? Answer: uric acid Question: An insects rectum absorbs how much water? Answer: 90% Question: Where is an insects dry pellet discarded through? Answer: the anus

Context: To define light source color properties, the lighting industry predominantly relies on two metrics, correlated color temperature (CCT), commonly used as an indication of the apparent "warmth" or "coolness" of the light emitted by a source, and color rendering index (CRI), an indication of the light source’s ability to make objects appear natural. Question: What does CCT stand for? Answer: correlated color temperature Question: What does CRI stand for? Answer: color rendering index Question: What metric indicates a lights ability to make object appear natural? Answer: CRI Question: What metric indicates "warmth" or "coolness"? Answer: CCT

Context: Phonology also includes topics such as phonotactics (the phonological constraints on what sounds can appear in what positions in a given language) and phonological alternation (how the pronunciation of a sound changes through the application of phonological rules, sometimes in a given order which can be feeding or bleeding,) as well as prosody, the study of suprasegmentals and topics such as stress and intonation. Question: Under what topic is suprasegmentals studied? Answer: prosody Question: Aside from bleeding what is an order of rules that define how pronunciation of a sound changes? Answer: feeding Question: Phonotactics, phonological alternation and prosody are topics contained in what discipline? Answer: Phonology Question: Stress and intonation are studied under what topic? Answer: prosody Question: Under what topic is phonological alternation studied? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Aside from bleeding what is an order of rules that define how suprasegmentals change? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Phonotactics, phonological alternation and stress are topics contained in what discipline? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Stress and rules are studied under what topic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What includes topics such as sound rules? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: At the beginning of the Western Han dynasty, thirteen centrally controlled commanderies—including the capital region—existed in the western third of the empire, while the eastern two-thirds were divided into ten semi-autonomous kingdoms. To placate his prominent commanders from the war with Chu, Emperor Gaozu enfeoffed some of them as kings. By 157 BC, the Han court had replaced all of these kings with royal Liu family members, since the loyalty of non-relatives to the throne was questioned. After several insurrections by Han kings—the largest being the Rebellion of the Seven States in 154 BC—the imperial court enacted a series of reforms beginning in 145 BC limiting the size and power of these kingdoms and dividing their former territories into new centrally controlled commanderies. Kings were no longer able to appoint their own staff; this duty was assumed by the imperial court. Kings became nominal heads of their fiefs and collected a portion of tax revenues as their personal incomes. The kingdoms were never entirely abolished and existed throughout the remainder of Western and Eastern Han. Question: How many commanderies were in the western third of the empire? Answer: thirteen Question: Who could appoint staff to the kings? Answer: imperial court Question: When was the Rebellion of the Seven States? Answer: 154 BC Question: From what source did kings derive their personal income from? Answer: tax revenues Question: The Han court replaced several kings with members of what royal family? Answer: Liu

Context: Starting one-hundred years before the 20th century, the enlightenment spiritual philosophy was challenged in various quarters around the 1900s. Developed from earlier secular traditions, modern Humanist ethical philosophies affirmed the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appealing to universal human qualities, particularly rationality, without resorting to the supernatural or alleged divine authority from religious texts. For liberal humanists such as Rousseau and Kant, the universal law of reason guided the way toward total emancipation from any kind of tyranny. These ideas were challenged, for example by the young Karl Marx, who criticized the project of political emancipation (embodied in the form of human rights), asserting it to be symptomatic of the very dehumanization it was supposed to oppose. For Friedrich Nietzsche, humanism was nothing more than a secular version of theism. In his Genealogy of Morals, he argues that human rights exist as a means for the weak to collectively constrain the strong. On this view, such rights do not facilitate emancipation of life, but rather deny it. In the 20th century, the notion that human beings are rationally autonomous was challenged by the concept that humans were driven by unconscious irrational desires. Question: When was the enlightenment of spiritual philosophy challenged? Answer: in various quarters around the 1900s. Question: What were Humanist ethical philosophy's developed from? Answer: earlier secular traditions Question: Why did Kari Marx criticize Humanist Philosophy's? Answer: it to be symptomatic of the very dehumanization it was supposed to oppose Question: What did Friedrinch Netzsche consider Humanism to be? Answer: a secular version of theism Question: Why does Friedrinch Netzsche believe human rights exist? Answer: as a means for the weak to collectively constrain the strong.

Context: Schwarzenegger's goal was to become the greatest bodybuilder in the world, which meant becoming Mr. Olympia. His first attempt was in 1969, when he lost to three-time champion Sergio Oliva. However, Schwarzenegger came back in 1970 and won the competition, making him the youngest ever Mr. Olympia at the age of 23, a record he still holds to this day. Question: What year did Schwarzenegger first try to win the Mr. Olympia title? Answer: 1969 Question: Who won Mr. Olympia 1969? Answer: Sergio Oliva Question: At which year's Mr. Olympia contest did Schwarzenegger become the youngest person to win the title? Answer: 1970 Question: How old was Schwarzenegger when he won Mr. Olympia in 1970? Answer: 23

Context: In general, Continental Freemasonry is sympathetic to Freemasonry amongst women, dating from the 1890s when French lodges assisted the emergent co-masonic movement by promoting enough of their members to the 33rd degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite to allow them, in 1899, to form their own grand council, recognised by the other Continental Grand Councils of that Rite. The United Grand Lodge of England issued a statement in 1999 recognising the two women's grand lodges there to be regular in all but the participants. While they were not, therefore, recognised as regular, they were part of Freemasonry "in general". The attitude of most regular Anglo-American grand lodges remains that women Freemasons are not legitimate Masons. Question: When did the French try to create co-masonic lodges? Answer: the 1890s Question: When did the United Grand Lodge of England recognize the two female Masonic lodges? Answer: 1999 Question: What did the french lodges promote to try to get women accepted into the Freemasons? Answer: the 33rd degree of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite Question: Do Anglo-American grand lodges accept women as members today? Answer: most regular Anglo-American grand lodges remains that women Freemasons are not legitimate Masons Question: When did Russia try to create co-masonic lodges? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the United Grand Lodge of England forget the two female Masonic lodges? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the french lodges promote to try to get men accepted into the Freemasons? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are women recognized as the ideal Masons? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: On 17 November 1989, The Sun headlined a page 2 news story titled "STRAIGHT SEX CANNOT GIVE YOU AIDS – OFFICIAL." The Sun favourably cited the opinions of Lord Kilbracken, a member of the All Parliamentary Group on AIDS. Lord Kilbracken said that only one person out of the 2,372 individuals with HIV/AIDS mentioned in a specific Department of Health report was not a member of a "high risk group", such as homosexuals and recreational drug users. The Sun also ran an editorial further arguing that "At last the truth can be told... the risk of catching AIDS if you are heterosexual is "statistically invisible". In other words, impossible. So now we know – everything else is homosexual propaganda." Although many other British press services covered Lord Kilbracken's public comments, none of them made the argument that the Sun did in its editorial and none of them presented Lord Kilbracken's ideas without context or criticism. Question: What was the headline for a page 2 Sun story on 17 November 1989? Answer: "STRAIGHT SEX CANNOT GIVE YOU AIDS – OFFICIAL." Question: Whose opinion did The Sun trust in their AIDS reporting? Answer: Lord Kilbracken Question: Which groups were classified as being at a high risk for AIDS? Answer: homosexuals and recreational drug users Question: With which group was Lord Kilbracken associated? Answer: All Parliamentary Group on AIDS Question: How did other news outlets report on Lord Kilbracken's words? Answer: none of them presented Lord Kilbracken's ideas without context or criticism

Context: The Dirección Nacional de Transporte (DNT), part of the national Ministry of Transport and Public Works, is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo's transport infrastructure. A bus service network covers the entire city. An international bus station, the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal, is located on the lower level of the Tres Cruces Shopping Center, on the side of Artigas Boulevard. This terminal, along with the Baltazar Brum Bus Terminal (or Rio Branco Terminal) by the Port of Montevideo, handles the long distance and intercity bus routes connecting to destinations within Uruguay. Question: What does DNT stand for? Answer: Dirección Nacional de Transporte Question: Who is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo's transport infrastructure? Answer: Dirección Nacional de Transporte Question: Where is the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal located? Answer: the lower level of the Tres Cruces Shopping Center

Context: In modular arithmetic, two integers are added and then the sum is divided by a positive integer called the modulus. The result of modular addition is the remainder of that division. For any modulus, n, the set of integers from 0 to n − 1 forms a group under modular addition: the inverse of any element a is n − a, and 0 is the identity element. This is familiar from the addition of hours on the face of a clock: if the hour hand is on 9 and is advanced 4 hours, it ends up on 1, as shown at the right. This is expressed by saying that 9 + 4 equals 1 "modulo 12" or, in symbols, Question: What positive integer is used to divide the sum of two positive integers in modular mathematics? Answer: the modulus Question: What results from modular addition? Answer: the remainder of that division Question: What type of device can be use to demonstrate modular addition? Answer: a clock Question: How many integers are divided in modular arithmetic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the two integers called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the result of the remained of the division? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is 9 in modular addition? Answer: Unanswerable Question: If the hour hand is on 1 and is advanced by 4 hours, where does it end up? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The most widely used class of antenna, a dipole antenna consists of two symmetrical radiators such as metal rods or wires, with one side of the balanced feedline from the transmitter or receiver attached to each. A horizontal dipole radiates in two lobes perpendicular to the antenna's axis. A half-wave dipole the most common type, has two collinear elements each a quarter wavelength long and a gain of 2.15 dBi. Used individually as low gain antennas, dipoles are also used as driven elements in many more complicated higher gain types of antennas. Question: What is the most widley used antenna class? Answer: dipole antenna Question: What radiates two lobes perpendicular to the antennas axis? Answer: horizontal dipole Question: Besides low gain antennas, what is also used as driven elements in complicated higher gain types of antennas? Answer: dipoles Question: How much gain does a half-wave dipole have? Answer: 2.15 dBi

Context: In Ukraine, Russian is seen as a language of inter-ethnic communication, and a minority language, under the 1996 Constitution of Ukraine. According to estimates from Demoskop Weekly, in 2004 there were 14,400,000 native speakers of Russian in the country, and 29 million active speakers. 65% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 38% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. Russian is spoken by 29.6% of the population according to a 2001 estimate from the World Factbook. 20% of school students receive their education primarily in Russian. Question: How many Ukrainians speak Russian natively as of 2004? Answer: 14,400,000 Question: How many Ukrainians speak Russian actively as of 2004? Answer: 29 million Question: What percent of Ukraine is fluent in Russian as of 2006? Answer: 65% Question: What percent of Ukraine use Russian as their main language as of 2006? Answer: 38% Question: What is Russian's legal status in Ukraine? Answer: minority language, under the 1996 Constitution of Ukraine Question: How does the World Factbook describe Russian as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people worldwide read the World Factbook in 2001? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many school students used the World Factbook in school in Ukraine in 2006? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the population of Russia in 2001? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many readers does Demoskop Weekly have in Ukraine? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The French Marines and naval infantry intended for the invasion of northern Germany were dispatched to reinforce the French Army of Châlons and fell into captivity at Sedan along with Napoleon III. A shortage of officers, following the capture of most of the professional French army at the Siege of Metz and at the Battle of Sedan, led naval officers to be sent from their ships to command hastily assembled reservists of the Garde Mobile. As the autumn storms of the North Sea forced the return of more of the French ships, the blockade of the north German ports diminished and in September 1870 the French navy abandoned the blockade for the winter. The rest of the navy retired to ports along the English Channel and remained in port for the rest of the war. Question: The French Marines and naval infantry were dispatched to reinforce what? Answer: French Army of Châlons Question: The French navy fell captive where? Answer: at Sedan Question: Who also was captured at Sedan? Answer: Napoleon III Question: The autumn storms of what sea forced the return of yet more French ships? Answer: the North Sea Question: On which rough date did the French navy abandon their blockade? Answer: September 1870

Context: In 2004 the Central African Republic Bush War began as forces opposed to Bozizé took up arms against his government. In May 2005 Bozizé won a presidential election that excluded Patassé and in 2006 fighting continued between the government and the rebels. In November 2006, Bozizé's government requested French military support to help them repel rebels who had taken control of towns in the country's northern regions. Though the initially public details of the agreement pertained to logistics and intelligence, the French assistance eventually included strikes by Mirage jets against rebel positions. Question: What war started in 2004? Answer: Bush War Question: In what way did Bozize made his rule legitimate? Answer: Bozizé won a presidential election Question: When did CAR ask for assistance from the French against rebels? Answer: November 2006 Question: How did the French assist against the rebels? Answer: strikes by Mirage jets Question: What did the rebels take over? Answer: towns in the country's northern regions Question: What began in 2004 as Mirage jets struck rebel positions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Patasse win a presidential election? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Patasse request logistics and intellingence to repel rebels? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How did Patasse help Bozize against the rebels? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the French take over in 2006? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In surveys made in Europe and the United States, green is the color most commonly associated with nature, life, health, youth, spring, hope and envy. In Europe and the U.S. green is sometimes associated with death (green has several seemingly contrary associations), sickness, or the devil, but in China its associations are very positive, as the symbol of fertility and happiness. In the Middle Ages and Renaissance, when the color of clothing showed the owner's social status, green was worn by merchants, bankers and the gentry, while red was the color of the nobility. The Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci wears green, showing she is not from a noble family; the benches in the British House of Commons are green, while those in the House of Lords are red. Green is also the traditional color of safety and permission; a green light means go ahead, a green card permits permanent residence in the United States. It is the most important color in Islam. It was the color of the banner of Muhammad, and is found in the flags of nearly all Islamic countries, and represents the lush vegetation of Paradise. It is also often associated with the culture of Gaelic Ireland, and is a color of the flag of Ireland. Because of its association with nature, it is the color of the environmental movement. Political groups advocating environmental protection and social justice describe themselves as part of the Green movement, some naming themselves Green parties. This has led to similar campaigns in advertising, as companies have sold green, or environmentally friendly, products. Question: What is green a symbol of in China? Answer: fertility and happiness Question: In the Middle Ages, which color was associated with merchants, bankers, and the gentry? Answer: green Question: What does the Mona Lisa wearing green symbolize? Answer: she is not from a noble family Question: What does the color green represent in the flags of Islamic countries? Answer: lush vegetation of Paradise Question: Why is green the color of the environmental movement? Answer: its association with nature Question: Red is associated with what religion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What color did the nobility in China wear? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What color shows that Mona Lisa is a noble? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does a red light indicate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Besides happiness, what contradictory meaning does China ascribe to green? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Different phases of digestion take place including: the cephalic phase , gastric phase, and intestinal phase. The cephalic phase occurs at the sight, thought and smell of food, which stimulate the cerebral cortex. Taste and smell stimuli are sent to the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata. After this it is routed through the vagus nerve and release of acetylcholine. Gastric secretion at this phase rises to 40% of maximum rate. Acidity in the stomach is not buffered by food at this point and thus acts to inhibit parietal (secretes acid) and G cell (secretes gastrin) activity via D cell secretion of somatostatin. The gastric phase takes 3 to 4 hours. It is stimulated by distension of the stomach, presence of food in stomach and decrease in pH. Distention activates long and myenteric reflexes. This activates the release of acetylcholine, which stimulates the release of more gastric juices. As protein enters the stomach, it binds to hydrogen ions, which raises the pH of the stomach. Inhibition of gastrin and gastric acid secretion is lifted. This triggers G cells to release gastrin, which in turn stimulates parietal cells to secrete gastric acid. Gastric acid is about 0.5% hydrochloric acid (HCl), which lowers the pH to the desired pH of 1-3. Acid release is also triggered by acetylcholine and histamine. The intestinal phase has two parts, the excitatory and the inhibitory. Partially digested food fills the duodenum. This triggers intestinal gastrin to be released. Enterogastric reflex inhibits vagal nuclei, activating sympathetic fibers causing the pyloric sphincter to tighten to prevent more food from entering, and inhibits local reflexes. Question: What are three digestions phases? Answer: the cephalic phase , gastric phase, and intestinal phase Question: Where does the cephalic phase occur? Answer: at the sight, thought and smell of food, which stimulate the cerebral cortex Question: Where are taste and smell stimuli sent to? Answer: the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata Question: How long does the gastric phase take? Answer: 3 to 4 hours Question: How is the gastric phase stimulated to start? Answer: by distension of the stomach, presence of food in stomach and decrease in pH

Context: Although the initial focus of the humanist scholars in the university was the discovery, exposition and insertion of ancient texts and languages into the university, and the ideas of those texts into society generally, their influence was ultimately quite progressive. The emergence of classical texts brought new ideas and led to a more creative university climate (as the notable list of scholars above attests to). A focus on knowledge coming from self, from the human, has a direct implication for new forms of scholarship and instruction, and was the foundation for what is commonly known as the humanities. This disposition toward knowledge manifested in not simply the translation and propagation of ancient texts, but also their adaptation and expansion. For instance, Vesalius was imperative for advocating the use of Galen, but he also invigorated this text with experimentation, disagreements and further research. The propagation of these texts, especially within the universities, was greatly aided by the emergence of the printing press and the beginning of the use of the vernacular, which allowed for the printing of relatively large texts at reasonable prices. Question: Discovery and exposition were examples of the focus of what type of university scholar? Answer: humanist Question: A concentration on the study of the self resulted in what field of study? Answer: the humanities Question: What work did Vesalius push the study of? Answer: Galen Question: What spread the use of texts by Galen within universities? Answer: the printing press Question: Research was an example of the focus of what type of university scholar? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A concentration on the study of classical texts resulted in what field of study? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What work did students push the study of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What spread the use of texts by Vesalius within universities? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What manifested in the adaptation and expansion of discovery? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The 2009 Human Rights Report by the United States Department of State noted that human rights in CAR were poor and expressed concerns over numerous government abuses. The U.S. State Department alleged that major human rights abuses such as extrajudicial executions by security forces, torture, beatings and rape of suspects and prisoners occurred with impunity. It also alleged harsh and life-threatening conditions in prisons and detention centers, arbitrary arrest, prolonged pretrial detention and denial of a fair trial, restrictions on freedom of movement, official corruption, and restrictions on workers' rights. Question: How are the human rights in the CAR? Answer: poor Question: What concerns are there regarding to human rights? Answer: government abuses Question: What punishment is a human rights violation per the US state Dept? Answer: extrajudicial executions Question: How is the prison quality in the CAR? Answer: harsh and life-threatening conditions Question: What right in a court is denied and considered a human right violation? Answer: arbitrary arrest, prolonged pretrial detention and denial of a fair trial Question: What is the status of security forces in the CAR? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did a Human Rights Report by CAR show concern over? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What actions did CAR mention that happened with impunity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are prision conditions like according to CAR? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one action taken against the State Department that is considered a human rights violation? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The first British settlement in what is now Tennessee was built in 1756 by settlers from the colony of South Carolina at Fort Loudoun, near present-day Vonore. Fort Loudoun became the westernmost British outpost to that date. The fort was designed by John William Gerard de Brahm and constructed by forces under British Captain Raymond Demeré. After its completion, Captain Raymond Demeré relinquished command on August 14, 1757 to his brother, Captain Paul Demeré. Hostilities erupted between the British and the neighboring Overhill Cherokees, and a siege of Fort Loudoun ended with its surrender on August 7, 1760. The following morning, Captain Paul Demeré and a number of his men were killed in an ambush nearby, and most of the rest of the garrison was taken prisoner. Question: In which year did the British first settle in what would become Tennessee? Answer: 1756 Question: What was the name of the first British settlement in what is now Tennessee? Answer: Fort Loudoun Question: Which British officer oversaw the construction of Fort Loudoun? Answer: Captain Raymond Demeré Question: Which Cherokee faction forced the surrender of Fort Loudoun in 1760? Answer: Overhill Cherokees Question: Which British commanding officer was killed the day after Cherokee took Fort Loudon in 1760? Answer: Captain Paul Demeré

Context: During the later part of the Malla era, Kathmandu Valley comprised four fortified cities: Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Kirtipur. These served as the capitals of the Malla confederation of Nepal. These states competed with each other in the arts, architecture, aesthetics, and trade, resulting in tremendous development. The kings of this period directly influenced or involved themselves in the construction of public buildings, squares, and temples, as well as the development of water spouts, the institutionalization of trusts (called guthis), the codification of laws, the writing of dramas, and the performance of plays in city squares. Evidence of an influx of ideas from India, Tibet, China, Persia, and Europe among other places can be found in a stone inscription from the time of king Pratap Malla. Books have been found from this era that describe their tantric tradition (e.g. Tantrakhyan), medicine (e.g. Haramekhala), religion (e.g. Mooldevshashidev), law, morals, and history. Amarkosh, a Sanskrit-Nepal Bhasa dictionary from 1381 AD, was also found. Architecturally notable buildings from this era include Kathmandu Durbar Square, Patan Durbar Square, Bhaktapur Durbar Square, the former durbar of Kirtipur, Nyatapola, Kumbheshwar, the Krishna temple, and others. Question: How many cities were present in the Kathmandu Valley in the late Malla period? Answer: four Question: In the waning years of the Malla dynasty, what fortified cities existed in the Kathmandu Valley? Answer: Kantipur, Lalitpur, Bhaktapur, and Kirtipur Question: What cultures influenced Nepal in the later Malla era? Answer: India, Tibet, China, Persia, and Europe Question: What is an example of a book of medicine from the Malla period? Answer: Haramekhala Question: When does Amarkosh date to? Answer: 1381

Context: Pascal Lissouba, who became Congo's first elected president (1992–1997) during the period of multi-party democracy, attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy. In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) and was on the verge of announcing a renewed annual agreement when civil war broke out in Congo in mid-1997. Question: Who was elected president of the Congo in 1992? Answer: Pascal Lissouba Question: Who supported the measures of liberalisation Lissouba tried to employ to reform the economy? Answer: IMF Question: What interrupted the renewal of the IMF agreement with the Congo? Answer: civil war Question: What does ESAF stand for? Answer: enhanced structural adjustment facility Question: Who was Congo's last elected president? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did the IMF turn down a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did civil war end in Congo? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was president during the period of single party democracy? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The political structure of Western Europe changed with the end of the united Roman Empire. Although the movements of peoples during this period are usually described as "invasions", they were not just military expeditions but migrations of entire peoples into the empire. Such movements were aided by the refusal of the western Roman elites to support the army or pay the taxes that would have allowed the military to suppress the migration. The emperors of the 5th century were often controlled by military strongmen such as Stilicho (d. 408), Aspar (d. 471), Ricimer (d. 472), or Gundobad (d. 516), who were partly or fully of non-Roman background. When the line of western emperors ceased, many of the kings who replaced them were from the same background. Intermarriage between the new kings and the Roman elites was common. This led to a fusion of Roman culture with the customs of the invading tribes, including the popular assemblies that allowed free male tribal members more say in political matters than was common in the Roman state. Material artefacts left by the Romans and the invaders are often similar, and tribal items were often modelled on Roman objects. Much of the scholarly and written culture of the new kingdoms was also based on Roman intellectual traditions. An important difference was the gradual loss of tax revenue by the new polities. Many of the new political entities no longer supported their armies through taxes, instead relying on granting them land or rents. This meant there was less need for large tax revenues and so the taxation systems decayed. Warfare was common between and within the kingdoms. Slavery declined as the supply weakened, and society became more rural.[F] Question: When did Aspar die? Answer: Aspar Question: What year saw the death of Gundobad? Answer: 516 Question: What notable Roman figure died in 408? Answer: Stilicho Question: The loss of what led to the differentiation between the Western Roman Empire and the new kingdoms? Answer: tax revenue Question: Rather than taxes, what did the new kingdoms use to support their armies? Answer: land or rents

Context: Most of the differences in the revised budget deficit numbers were due to a temporary change of accounting practices by the new government, i.e., recording expenses when military material was ordered rather than received. However, it was the retroactive application of ESA95 methodology (applied since 2000) by Eurostat, that finally raised the reference year (1999) budget deficit to 3.38% of GDP, thus exceeding the 3% limit. This led to claims that Greece (similar claims have been made about other European countries like Italy) had not actually met all five accession criteria, and the common perception that Greece entered the Eurozone through "falsified" deficit numbers. Question: What were the majority of the differences in the revised budget due to the temporary changing of? Answer: accounting practices Question: When were expenses recorded by the new government? Answer: when military material was ordered rather than received Question: What did retroactively applying the ESA95 methodology result in raising the budget deficit to? Answer: 3.38% of GDP Question: By how much did the budget deficit of Greece exceed the 3% limit in the reference year of 1999? Answer: .38% Question: What other European country were claims similar to those levied against Greece made? Answer: Italy Question: What had no differences in the revised budget? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were expenses classified by the new government? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did retroactively applying the ESA95 methodology result in lowering the budget deficit to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much did the budget deficit of Greece decrease the 3% limit in the reference year of 1994? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other European country were claims similar to those levied against Greece restricted? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: After they each performed, both were deemed equal until Apollo decreed they play and sing at the same time. As Apollo played the lyre, this was easy to do. Marsyas could not do this, as he only knew how to use the flute and could not sing at the same time. Apollo was declared the winner because of this. Apollo flayed Marsyas alive in a cave near Celaenae in Phrygia for his hubris to challenge a god. He then nailed Marsyas' shaggy skin to a nearby pine-tree. Marsyas' blood turned into the river Marsyas. Question: What instrument did Apolo play? Answer: lyre Question: What instrument did Marsyas know how to play? Answer: flute Question: Who could not sing at the same time he played the flute? Answer: Marsyas Question: What is said to have turned into the river Marsyas? Answer: Marsyas' blood

Context: The University of St Mark & St John (known as "Marjon" or "Marjons") specialises in teacher training, and offers training across the country and abroad. Question: What institution of higher education is colloquially known as Marjons? Answer: The University of St Mark & St John Question: What is the academic specialty of the University of St Mark & St John? Answer: teacher training

Context: Sonam Gyatso, after being granted the grandiose title by Altan Khan, departed for Tibet. Before he left, he sent a letter and gifts to the Ming Chinese official Zhang Juzheng (1525–1582), which arrived on March 12, 1579. Sometime in August or September of that year, Sonam Gyatso's representative stationed with Altan Khan received a return letter and gift from the Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620), who also conferred upon Sonam Gyatso a title; this was the first official contact between a Dalai Lama and a government of China. However, Laird states that when Wanli invited him to Beijing, the Dalai Lama declined the offer due to a prior commitment, even though he was only 400 km (250 mi) from Beijing. Laird adds that "the power of the Ming emperor did not reach very far at the time." Although not recorded in any official Chinese records, Sonam Gyatso's biography states that Wanli again conferred titles on Sonam Gyatso in 1588, and invited him to Beijing for a second time, but Sonam Gyatso was unable to visit China as he died the same year in Mongolia working with Altan Khan's son to further the spread of Buddhism. Question: Who was given the grandiose title? Answer: Sonam Gyatso Question: Who granted Sonam Gyatso the title of grandiose? Answer: Altan Khan Question: Who did Sonam Gyatso send gifts to? Answer: Zhang Juzheng Question: Who was the Ming Chinese official? Answer: Zhang Juzheng Question: Where did Sonam Gyatso die? Answer: Mongolia

Context: In 2006, Switzerland approved 1 billion francs of supportive investment in the poorer Southern and Central European countries in support of cooperation and positive ties to the EU as a whole. A further referendum will be needed to approve 300 million francs to support Romania and Bulgaria and their recent admission. The Swiss have also been under EU and sometimes international pressure to reduce banking secrecy and to raise tax rates to parity with the EU. Preparatory discussions are being opened in four new areas: opening up the electricity market, participation in the European GNSS project Galileo, cooperating with the European centre for disease prevention and recognising certificates of origin for food products. Question: In 2006, what did Switzerland approve 1 billion francs of supportive investment for? Answer: poorer Southern and Central European countries Question: What have the Swiss been under EU and national pressure to reduce in terms of banking? Answer: secrecy Question: What have the Swiss been under pressure from the EU to do in terms of tax rates? Answer: raise tax rates to parity with the EU

Context: Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, written in the early 14th century, merged a medieval world view with classical ideals. Another promoter of the Italian language was Boccaccio with his Decameron. The application of the vernacular did not entail a rejection of Latin, and both Dante and Boccaccio wrote prolifically in Latin as well as Italian, as would Petrarch later (whose Canzoniere also promoted the vernacular and whose contents are considered the first modern lyric poems). Together the three poets established the Tuscan dialect as the norm for the modern Italian language. Question: Who wrote the Divine Comedy? Answer: Dante Alighieri Question: In what languages did Dante and Boccaccio create their works? Answer: Latin as well as Italian Question: Which dialect became the norm for the modern Italian language? Answer: Tuscan Question: What is one of Boccaccio's works that helped promote the Italian language? Answer: Decameron Question: Whose work, Canzoniere, is considered to be the first example of modern lyric poetry? Answer: Petrarch Question: Who didn't wrote the Divine Comedy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what languages didn't Dante and Boccaccio create their works? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which dialect became the norm for the ancient Italian language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one of Boccaccio's works that helped demote the Italian language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose work, Canzoniere, is considered to be the last example of modern lyric poetry? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church (both Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches), the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches, and the individual national churches within the Anglican Communion. The way that such church law is legislated, interpreted and at times adjudicated varies widely among these three bodies of churches. In all three traditions, a canon was originally a rule adopted by a church council; these canons formed the foundation of canon law. Question: What is the name for the rules issued by the heads of the Church? Answer: Canon law Question: In what type of religion are canon laws applicable? Answer: Christian Question: Which institutions make up the Catholic Church? Answer: Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches Question: What body was first responsible for creating canon? Answer: church council Question: What does canon law consist of? Answer: canons Question: What is the name of rules made by lay people of the church? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What church is made up of the Latin and Western Catholic churches Answer: Unanswerable Question: All religions are governed by what rules? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was originally adopted by the Pope? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Throughout what three bodies is canon law interpreted the same way? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Finalist Phillip Phillips suffered from kidney pain and was taken to the hospital before the Top 13 results show, and later received medical procedure to alleviate a blockage caused by kidney stones. He was reported to have eight surgeries during his Idol run, and had considered quitting the show due to the pain. He underwent surgery to remove the stones and reconstruct his kidney soon after the season had finished. Question: Which season 11 contestant had to go to the hospital before the Top 13 Results? Answer: Phillip Phillips Question: Why was Phillip Phillips hospitalized during his time on American Idol? Answer: kidney stones Question: How many times did Phillip Phillips have surgery when he was on American Idol? Answer: eight Question: Which contestant thought about leaving the contest because of pain in his kidney? Answer: Phillip Phillips Question: Which contestant had eight surgeries during his Idol run? Answer: Phillip Phillips Question: What kind of pain did Phillips endure? Answer: kidney pain

Context: Molecular studies based on DNA analysis have suggested new relationships among mammal families over the last few years. Most of these findings have been independently validated by retrotransposon presence/absence data. Classification systems based on molecular studies reveal three major groups or lineages of placental mammals- Afrotheria, Xenarthra, and Boreoeutheria- which diverged from early common ancestors in the Cretaceous. The relationships between these three lineages is contentious, and all three possible different hypotheses have been proposed with respect to which group is basal with respect to other placentals. These hypotheses are Atlantogenata (basal Boreoeutheria), Epitheria (basal Xenarthra), and Exafroplacentalia (basal Afrotheria). Boreoeutheria in turn contains two major lineages- Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria. Question: Through Molecular studies, what was used to suggest new relationships among mammal families? Answer: DNA analysis Question: During these Molecular studies, which three major groups of mammals shared a common ancestors from the Cretaceous period? Answer: Afrotheria, Xenarthra, and Boreoeutheria Question: Afrotheria,Xenartha, and Boreoeutheria deprives from which two lineages? Answer: Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria Question: What have studies based on Boreoeutheria suggested? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What have findings based on common ancestors in the Cretaceous been validated by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are three major groups of Laurasiatheria? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria come from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two major common ancestors does Alantogenata contain? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: A number of theories have been proposed regarding Avicenna's madhab (school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence). Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī (d. 1169) considered Avicenna to be a follower of the Brethren of Purity. On the other hand, Dimitri Gutas along with Aisha Khan and Jules J. Janssens demonstrated that Avicenna was a Sunni Hanafi. However, the 14th cenutry Shia faqih Nurullah Shushtari according to Seyyed Hossein Nasr, maintained that he was most likely a Twelver Shia. Conversely, Sharaf Khorasani, citing a rejection of an invitation of the Sunni Governor Sultan Mahmoud Ghazanavi by Avicenna to his court, believes that Avicenna was an Ismaili. Similar disagreements exist on the background of Avicenna's family, whereas some writers considered them Sunni, some more recent writers contested that they were Shia. Question: What secret society was Avicenna considered to be a follower of? Answer: the Brethren of Purity Question: Who thought that Avicenna was a Brethren of Purity follower? Answer: Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī Question: What Islamic denomination was Avicenna thought to be a member of? Answer: Sunni Question: Who thought Avicenna was a Shia? Answer: Nurullah Shushtari Question: What was the name of one man who thought Avicenna was Sunni? Answer: Jules J. Janssens Question: What type of Islamic school did Avicenna invent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group did Avicenna found? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Zahir al-Bayhai belove belonged to the Sunni Hanafi? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who's family is considered Sunni by modern writers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who's court did Avicenna join? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What secret society was Avicenna considered to be followed by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who thought that Avicenna was a Brethren of Impurity follower? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Islamic denomination was Avicenna thought to be a rejecter of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who knew Avicenna was a Shia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of one woman who thought Avicenna was Sunni? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Some countries are eliminating or reducing climate disrupting subsidies and Belgium, France, and Japan have phased out all subsidies for coal. Germany is reducing its coal subsidy. The subsidy dropped from $5.4 billion in 1989 to $2.8 billion in 2002, and in the process Germany lowered its coal use by 46 percent. China cut its coal subsidy from $750 million in 1993 to $240 million in 1995 and more recently has imposed a high-sulfur coal tax. However, the United States has been increasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries. Question: What country is reducing its coal subsidy? Answer: Germany Question: What country has been increasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries? Answer: United States Question: Some countries have phased out all subsidies for what substance? Answer: coal Question: What country is building its coal subsidy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country is not reducing its coal subsidy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country has been decreasing its support for the fossil fuel and nuclear industries? Answer: Unanswerable Question: No countries have phased out all subsidies for what substance? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Domestic geese are much larger than their wild counterparts and tend to have thick necks, an upright posture, and large bodies with broad rear ends. The greylag-derived birds are large and fleshy and used for meat, while the Chinese geese have smaller frames and are mainly used for egg production. The fine down of both is valued for use in pillows and padded garments. They forage on grass and weeds, supplementing this with small invertebrates, and one of the attractions of rearing geese is their ability to grow and thrive on a grass-based system. They are very gregarious and have good memories and can be allowed to roam widely in the knowledge that they will return home by dusk. The Chinese goose is more aggressive and noisy than other geese and can be used as a guard animal to warn of intruders. The flesh of meat geese is dark-coloured and high in protein, but they deposit fat subcutaneously, although this fat contains mostly monounsaturated fatty acids. The birds are killed either around 10 or about 24 weeks. Between these ages, problems with dressing the carcase occur because of the presence of developing pin feathers. Question: do domestic and wild geese have the same apperearance ? Answer: Domestic geese are much larger than their wild counterparts and tend to have thick necks, an upright posture, and large bodies with broad rear ends Question: What types of geese are used for human consumption? Answer: The greylag-derived birds Question: What types of geese are used most efficiently for their egg production? Answer: Chinese geese Question: What is the down feathers of geese most commonly used for ? Answer: use in pillows and padded garments Question: Why is the meat of geese considered fatty ? Answer: they deposit fat subcutaneously, although this fat contains mostly monounsaturated fatty acids Question: What goose is unable to make any sound? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the down feathers of geese never used for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why is the meat of geese considered lean? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the only type of goose not used for human consumption? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Season ten of the series premiered on January 19, 2011. Many changes were introduced this season, from the format to the personnel of the show. Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler joined Randy Jackson as judges following the departures of Simon Cowell (who left to launch the U.S. version of The X Factor), Kara DioGuardi (whose contract was not renewed) and Ellen DeGeneres, while Nigel Lythgoe returned as executive producer. Jimmy Iovine, chairman of the Interscope Geffen A&M label group, the new partner of American Idol, acted as the in-house mentor in place of weekly guest mentors, although in later episodes special guest mentors such as Beyoncé, will.i.am and Lady Gaga were brought in. Question: What year did season ten of American Idol first air? Answer: 2011 Question: In which season of American Idol did Steven Tyler and Jennifer Lopez become judges? Answer: ten Question: Who replace weekly mentors as a more permanent mentor on American Idols tenth season? Answer: Jimmy Iovine Question: What show did Simon Cowell join after leaving American Idol? Answer: The X Factor Question: Who was the executive producer of American Idols tenth season? Answer: Nigel Lythgoe Question: When did season ten premiere? Answer: January 19, 2011 Question: Who returned as executive producer this season? Answer: Nigel Lythgoe Question: Which two new judges joined Randy Jackson on the judges' panel? Answer: Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler Question: Who was the in-house mentor this season? Answer: Jimmy Iovine

Context: Pubs that cater for a niche clientele, such as sports fans or people of certain nationalities are known as theme pubs. Examples of theme pubs include sports bars, rock pubs, biker pubs, Goth pubs, strip pubs, gay bars, karaoke bars and Irish pubs. Question: What is a blanket term for pubs that, for example, cater to sports fans? Answer: theme pubs Question: What is an example of a theme pub that caters to people of a certain nationality? Answer: Irish pubs Question: What is an example of a theme pub that caters to people with certain musical interests? Answer: rock pubs Question: What sort of theme pub would be likely to feature strippers? Answer: strip pubs Question: In what sort of theme pub could one find visitors singing with musical accompaniment? Answer: karaoke bars

Context: In the United States, an almost extinct dialect of Dutch, Jersey Dutch, spoken by descendants of 17th-century Dutch settlers in Bergen and Passaic counties, was still spoken as late as 1921. Other Dutch-based creole languages once spoken in the Americas include Mohawk Dutch (in Albany, New York), Berbice (in Guyana), Skepi (in Essequibo, Guyana) and Negerhollands (in the United States Virgin Islands). Pennsylvania Dutch is not a member of the set of Dutch dialects and is less misleadingly called Pennsylvania German. Question: What's the year that Jersey Dutch was last spoken, according to records? Answer: 1921 Question: What Dutch-based language popped up in the area of Albany, New York? Answer: Mohawk Dutch Question: What's a more accurate name for Pennsylvania Dutch since it's not a Dutch dialect? Answer: Pennsylvania German Question: Which Dutch dialect was once spoken in the U.S. Virgin Islands? Answer: Negerhollands Question: In what country were the Berbice and Skepi dialects spoken? Answer: Guyana

Context: Jesus' death and resurrection underpin a variety of theological interpretations as to how salvation is granted to humanity. These interpretations vary widely in how much emphasis they place on the death of Jesus as compared to his words. According to the substitutionary atonement view, Jesus' death is of central importance, and Jesus willingly sacrificed himself as an act of perfect obedience as a sacrifice of love which pleased God. By contrast the moral influence theory of atonement focuses much more on the moral content of Jesus' teaching, and sees Jesus' death as a martyrdom. Since the Middle Ages there has been conflict between these two views within Western Christianity. Evangelical Protestants typically hold a substitutionary view and in particular hold to the theory of penal substitution. Liberal Protestants typically reject substitutionary atonement and hold to the moral influence theory of atonement. Both views are popular within the Roman Catholic church, with the satisfaction doctrine incorporated into the idea of penance. Question: What does Jesus' death and Resurrection support? Answer: how salvation is granted to humanity Question: How important is Jesus' death to modern theology? Answer: central importance Question: Did Jesus sacrifice himself without fighting? Answer: Jesus willingly sacrificed himself Question: Why did Jesus sacrifice himself? Answer: an act of perfect obedience Question: What church is the sacrifice important to? Answer: the Roman Catholic church Question: According to the moral influence theory, Jesus death is how important? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of obedience do those believe in moral influence theory believe Jesus went to his death in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do moral influence theorists believe God thought of Jesus's sacrifice? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Since what period in time has the Roman Catholic Church existed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of substitution do moral influence theorists believe Jesus's death particularly was? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: The Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies at the University of Notre Dame is dedicated to research, education and outreach on the causes of violent conflict and the conditions for sustainable peace. It offers PhD, Master's, and undergraduate degrees in peace studies. It was founded in 1986 through the donations of Joan B. Kroc, the widow of McDonald's owner Ray Kroc. The institute was inspired by the vision of the Rev. Theodore M. Hesburgh CSC, President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame. The institute has contributed to international policy discussions about peace building practices. Question: What institute at Notre Dame studies the reasons for violent conflict? Answer: Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies Question: In what year was the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies founded? Answer: 1986 Question: To whom was John B. Kroc married? Answer: Ray Kroc Question: What is the title of Notre Dame's Theodore Hesburgh? Answer: President Emeritus of the University of Notre Dame Question: What company did Ray Kroc own? Answer: McDonald's

Context: Pan-Slavism, a movement which came into prominence in the mid-19th century, emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples. The main focus was in the Balkans where the South Slavs had been ruled for centuries by other empires: the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice. The Russian Empire used Pan-Slavism as a political tool; as did the Soviet Union, which gained political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations between 1945 and 1948 and retained a hegemonic role until the period 1989–1991. Question: What movement came into prominence in the mid-19th century that emphasized the common heritage and unity of all the Slavic peoples? Answer: Pan-Slavism Question: Where was the main focus of Pan-Slavism? Answer: the Byzantine Empire, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Venice Question: Who used Pan-Slavism as a political tool? Answer: The Russian Empire Question: When did the Soviet Union gain political-military influence and control over most Slavic-majority nations? Answer: between 1945 and 1948 Question: How long did the Soviet Union retain a hegemonic role? Answer: until the period 1989–1991 Question: Who did the South Slavs rule over? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Venice gain power over Slavic-majority nations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of role did Slavic nations play between 1989-1991? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which area was the first to use Pan-Slavism as a political tool? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Austria-Hungary use pan-slavism for? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Short-term memory is believed to rely mostly on an acoustic code for storing information, and to a lesser extent a visual code. Conrad (1964) found that test subjects had more difficulty recalling collections of letters that were acoustically similar (e.g. E, P, D). Confusion with recalling acoustically similar letters rather than visually similar letters implies that the letters were encoded acoustically. Conrad's (1964) study, however, deals with the encoding of written text; thus, while memory of written language may rely on acoustic components, generalisations to all forms of memory cannot be made. Question: What does short-term memory depend on? Answer: an acoustic code for storing information, and to a lesser extent a visual code. Question: What did conrad find about test subjects? Answer: subjects had more difficulty recalling collections of letters that were acoustically similar Question: What does Conrads finding seem to mean? Answer: . Confusion with recalling acoustically similar letters rather than visually similar letters implies that the letters were encoded acoustically. Question: What was Conrads deal with? Answer: encoding of written text; Question: What does long-term memory depend on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What didn't Conrad find out about test subjects? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did confusion recalling acoustically different letters imply? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whose study deals with decoding written texts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Conrad's 1963 sudy find? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Three Han mathematical treatises still exist. These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube roots, and matrix methods, finding more accurate approximations for pi, providing mathematical proof of the Pythagorean theorem, use of the decimal fraction, Gaussian elimination to solve linear equations, and continued fractions to find the roots of equations. Question: What type of treatise is the Book on Numbers and Computation considered to be? Answer: mathematical Question: How many mathematical treatises have still managed to survive to this day? Answer: Three Question: What achievement of the Han era can be used to help solve linear equations? Answer: Gaussian elimination Question: During what era was the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art from? Answer: Han Question: What can be used to help find the roots of equations? Answer: continued fractions

Context: In May 2013, Microsoft launched a new television campaign for Windows 8 illustrating the capabilities and pricing of Windows 8 tablets in comparison to the iPad, which featured the voice of Siri remarking on the iPad's limitations in a parody of Apple's "Get a Mac" advertisements. On June 12, 2013 during game 1 of the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals, Microsoft premiered the first ad in its "Windows Everywhere" campaign, which promoted Windows 8, Windows Phone 8, and the company's suite of online services as an interconnected platform. Question: When was the first game of the 2013 Stanley Cup Finals? Answer: June 12, 2013 Question: Who did Windows 8 mock in their television campaign? Answer: the iPad Question: What was the name of the Windows 8 advertising campaign? Answer: Windows Everywhere Question: What three things did the Windows Everywhere campaign emphasize on? Answer: Windows 8, Windows Phone 8, and the company's suite of online services Question: When was the first game of the 2014 Stanley Cup Finals? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the last game of the 2014 Stanley Cup Finals? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Windows 9 mock in their television campaign? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the Windows 9 advertising campaign? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What four things did the Windows Everywhere campaign emphasize on? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: Gaddafi summarized Third International Theory in three short volumes published between 1975 and 1979, collectively known as The Green Book. Volume one was devoted to the issue of democracy, outlining the flaws of representative systems in favour of direct, participatory GPCs. The second dealt with Gaddafi's beliefs regarding socialism, while the third explored social issues regarding the family and the tribe. While the first two volumes advocated radical reform, the third adopted a socially conservative stance, proclaiming that while men and women were equal, they were biologically designed for different roles in life. During the years that followed, Gaddafists adopted quotes from The Green Book, such as "Representation is Fraud", as slogans. Meanwhile, in September 1975, Gaddafi implemented further measures to increase popular mobilization, introducing objectives to improve the relationship between the Councils and the ASU. Question: Gaddafi's written work on Third International Theory consisted of how many volumes? Answer: three Question: When was the last volume of Gaddafi's work on Third International Theory published? Answer: 1979 Question: What was the title given to Gaddafi's Third International Theory writings? Answer: The Green Book Question: What volume of The Green Book discussed democracy? Answer: one Question: What political philosophy was discussed in the second volume of The Green Book? Answer: socialism

Context: This was followed by the creation of the first two Han Banners in 1637 (increasing to eight in 1642). Together these military reforms enabled Hong Taiji to resoundingly defeat Ming forces in a series of battles from 1640 to 1642 for the territories of Songshan and Jinzhou. This final victory resulted in the surrender of many of the Ming dynasty's most battle-hardened troops, the death of Yuan Chonghuan at the hands of the Chongzhen Emperor (who thought Yuan had betrayed him), and the complete and permanent withdrawal of the remaining Ming forces north of the Great Wall. Question: When were the first couple Han Banners founded? Answer: 1637 Question: When did the Han Banners grow to eight? Answer: 1642 Question: Which leader defeated the Ming armies? Answer: Hong Taiji Question: Who killed Yuan Chonghuan? Answer: Chongzhen Emperor Question: Where did the Ming armies retreat to? Answer: north of the Great Wall

Context: Post-punk was an eclectic genre which resulted in a wide variety of musical innovations and helped merge white and black musical styles. Out of the post-punk milieu came the beginnings of various subsequent genres, including new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music. Bands such as Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure played in a darker, more morose style of post-punk that lead to the development of the gothic rock genre. Question: What musical styles did post-punk help merge? Answer: white and black musical styles Question: What beginnings rose from the dead ashes of post-punk? Answer: various subsequent genres Question: New wave, industrial music, synthpop and house all share roots in what genre? Answer: post-punk Question: What style of music did post-punk band the Cure play in? Answer: darker, more morose Question: What genre of music did Joy Division help in the development of? Answer: gothic rock Question: Which type of eclectic music had a huge variety, large innovations and an "anything goes" mentality? Answer: Post-punk Question: Which darker post-punk bands gave rise to gothic rock? Answer: Joy Division, Siouxsie and the Banshees, Bauhaus and the Cure Question: Where did systhpop, industrial and neo-psychedelia music derive from? Answer: Post-punk Question: What type of music was gothic rock? Answer: darker, more morose style Question: What styles of music did post-punk pave the way for? Answer: new wave, dance-rock, New Pop, industrial music, synthpop, post-hardcore, neo-psychedelia alternative rock and house music Question: What genre was not eclectic? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What musical genre had limited variety of musical innovations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which genres were least influenced by post-punk? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which bands had a lighter style of music? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kinds of rock genre were not influenced by post-punk? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: During the Permian all the Earth's major land masses, except portions of East Asia, were collected into a single supercontinent known as Pangaea. Pangaea straddled the equator and extended toward the poles, with a corresponding effect on ocean currents in the single great ocean (Panthalassa, the universal sea), and the Paleo-Tethys Ocean, a large ocean that was between Asia and Gondwana. The Cimmeria continent rifted away from Gondwana and drifted north to Laurasia, causing the Paleo-Tethys to shrink. A new ocean was growing on its southern end, the Tethys Ocean, an ocean that would dominate much of the Mesozoic Era. Large continental landmasses create climates with extreme variations of heat and cold ("continental climate") and monsoon conditions with highly seasonal rainfall patterns. Deserts seem to have been widespread on Pangaea. Question: What supercontinent prevailed during the Permian era? Answer: Pangaea Question: What was the largest ocean during the Permian called? Answer: Panthalassa Question: There was an ocean between Gondwana and Asia in the Permian, what was it? Answer: Paleo-Tethys Ocean Question: The moving of which continent contributed to the decrease in size of the Paleo-Tethys? Answer: Cimmeria Question: During which period was the Tehtys Ocean dominant? Answer: the Mesozoic Era Question: What supercontinent did Asia join in the Permian? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Wat continent stradled the south pole and extended towards the equator? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What coninent drifted away from Laurasia and towards Gondwana? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What continents movement decreased the size of the Paleo-Tethys Answer: Unanswerable

Context: During World War II, the palace was bombed nine times, the most serious and publicised of which resulted in the destruction of the palace chapel in 1940. Coverage of this event was played in cinemas all over the UK to show the common suffering of rich and poor. One bomb fell in the palace quadrangle while King George VI and Queen Elizabeth were in residence, and many windows were blown in and the chapel destroyed. War-time coverage of such incidents was severely restricted, however. The King and Queen were filmed inspecting their bombed home, the smiling Queen, as always, immaculately dressed in a hat and matching coat seemingly unbothered by the damage around her. It was at this time the Queen famously declared: "I'm glad we have been bombed. Now I can look the East End in the face". The royal family were seen as sharing their subjects' hardship, as The Sunday Graphic reported: Question: How many times was the palace bombed in WWII? Answer: nine times Question: What was destroyed in 1940? Answer: the palace chapel Question: Which monarchs were in residence at Buckingham Palace during WWII? Answer: King George VI and Queen Elizabeth Question: The bombing of Buckingham Palace showed what to the public? Answer: the common suffering of rich and poor Question: What was destroyed in one of the bombing that hit the palace in WWII? Answer: the chapel Question: The King and Queen were filmed doing what after a bombing? Answer: inspecting their bombed home Question: The royal family was seen as sharing what with their subjects after the bombings? Answer: their subjects' hardship Question: How many times was the palace remodeled in WWII? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was upgraded in 1940? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which monarchs were missing from Buckingham Palace during WWII? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the royal family never share with their subjects after the bombings? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was hidden from the public as a result of the bombing of Buckingham Palace? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: In infrared photography, infrared filters are used to capture the near-infrared spectrum. Digital cameras often use infrared blockers. Cheaper digital cameras and camera phones have less effective filters and can "see" intense near-infrared, appearing as a bright purple-white color. This is especially pronounced when taking pictures of subjects near IR-bright areas (such as near a lamp), where the resulting infrared interference can wash out the image. There is also a technique called 'T-ray' imaging, which is imaging using far-infrared or terahertz radiation. Lack of bright sources can make terahertz photography more challenging than most other infrared imaging techniques. Recently T-ray imaging has been of considerable interest due to a number of new developments such as terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Question: What is used in infrared photography to capture the near-infrared spectrum? Answer: infrared filters Question: What devices are often equipped with infrared blockers? Answer: Digital cameras Question: What is the technique that involves imaging with terahertz radiation? Answer: 'T-ray' imaging Question: What is another name for terahertz radiation? Answer: far-infrared Question: What is a notable recent development in T-ray imaging? Answer: terahertz time-domain spectroscopy Question: What does T-ray imaging use to capture the near-infrared spectrum? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a recent development in infrared photography? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another name for IR bright areas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What device uses far-infrared or terahertz radiation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How do infrared blockers wash out an image? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: He was known affectionately as "Good Pope John". His cause for canonization was opened under Pope Paul VI during the final session of the Second Vatican Council on 18 November 1965, along with the cause of Pope Pius XII. On 3 September 2000, John XXIII was declared "Blessed" alongside Pope Pius IX by Pope John Paul II, the penultimate step on the road to sainthood after a miracle of curing an ill woman was discovered. He was the first pope since Pope Pius X to receive this honour. Following his beatification, his body was moved from its original burial place in the grottoes below the Vatican to the altar of St. Jerome and displayed for the veneration of the faithful.[citation needed] Question: What was he also known as? Answer: Good Pope John Question: Who opened his cause for canonization? Answer: Pope Paul VI Question: When was Pope John XXIII considered "blessed?" Answer: 3 September 2000 Question: Who declared him "blessed?" Answer: Pope John Paul II Question: Who was the last pope before John XXIII to receive the title? Answer: Pope Pius X Question: When was Pope John Paul II declared "Blessed"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Pope John Paul II also known as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was Pope John Paul II taken after his beatification? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who opened the cause for canonization for Pope John Paul II? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During what event was the cause for canonization opened for Pope John Paul II? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: It is commonly believed that the earlier a defect is found, the cheaper it is to fix it. The following table shows the cost of fixing the defect depending on the stage it was found. For example, if a problem in the requirements is found only post-release, then it would cost 10–100 times more to fix than if it had already been found by the requirements review. With the advent of modern continuous deployment practices and cloud-based services, the cost of re-deployment and maintenance may lessen over time. Question: What determines the cost of fixing a bug? Answer: the earlier a defect is found Question: Ho many more times would the cost be if the problem is found after the software's release? Answer: 10–100 times more Question: What could possibly lessen the cost of fixing buggy software? Answer: cloud-based services Question: What is the unpopular belief about the cost of fixing a bug? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The cost of fixing a defect does not depend on what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much less would it cost to fix a problem found after the software's release? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What modern items may increase the cost of re-deployment over time? Answer: Unanswerable

Context: From the early Qing, the central government was characterized by a system of dual appointments by which each position in the central government had a Manchu and a Han Chinese assigned to it. The Han Chinese appointee was required to do the substantive work and the Manchu to ensure Han loyalty to Qing rule. The distinction between Han Chinese and Manchus extended to their court costumes. During the Qianlong Emperor's reign, for example, members of his family were distinguished by garments with a small circular emblem on the back, whereas Han officials wore clothing with a square emblem. Question: What shape of emblem signified a Han official? Answer: square emblem Question: What shape of emblam signified members of the royal family? Answer: circular Question: Which two ethnicities made up each position in government? Answer: Manchu and a Han Chinese