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0 | Motion (Cam.) | The images are taken continuously from a first-person perspective. In which direction are you moving?
Options: A: Left while moving backward, B: Forward to the left, C: Forward to the right, D: Right while moving backward | C | 1. In Image 1, the trash can is directly in front, but in Image 2, it is in the lower left corner, which indicates that the camera has shifted to the right. 2. The trash can appears slightly larger in Image 2 than in Image 1. 3. Therefore, the camera is moving forward to the right. |
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1 | Motion (Cam.) | The images are taken continuously from a first-person perspective. In which direction is the camera rotating?
Options: A: Back, B: Left, C: Right, D: Forward | B | The chair in the front left of Image 1 is more visible in Image 2, so the camera is rotating to the left. |
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2 | Motion (Cam.) | The images are taken continuously from a first-person perspective. In which direction is the camera rotating?
Options: A: Up, B: Down, C: Left, D: Right | B | It can be seen that the gray strap and the green bottled drink are moving upward in the frame, so the camera is rotating downward. |
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3 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Obj.) | When you took the second photo, where was the toilet in relation to you?
Options: A: back right, B: front right, C: front left, D: back left | D | You are now close to the right edge of the window, with the left edge of the window on your left, and the toilet is some distance away from the left edge, behind you to your left. |
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4 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Obj.) | When you are taking consecutive photos on the stairs, where is the green plant on the table located relative to you when you take photo 2?
Options: A: front left, B: back right, C: back left, D: front right | C | The green plant is in front of the left armrest, and you are now facing the right armrest, so it is behind you. The direction to go downstairs is on your left, so the plant is behind you to your left. |
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5 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Obj.) | Assuming I am taking the first picture, in which direction relative to me is the subject of the second picture likely located?
Options: A: back left, B: front left, C: back right, D: front right | B | 1. The second photo was taken at the junction between the bookshelf and the wall.
2. The bookshelf is located at the front left of the first photo.
3. Therefore, the answer is the front left. |
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6 | Attribute (Meas.) | Which is taller, the black rectangular object or the door handle?
Options: A: The same height, B: The door handle, C: The black rectangular object, D: Sometimes the former is taller, sometimes the latter is taller | A | They are both positioned slightly past the third tile, and are almost the same height. |
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7 | Attribute (Meas.) | Which is longer, the piano or the table under the mirror?
Options: A: The table under the mirror is longer, B: Sometimes the table under the mirror is longer, sometimes the piano is longer, C: They are the same length, D: The piano is longer | A | 1. Using the wallpaper as a reference, the repeating unit of the wallpaper is taken as one unit.
2. In Figure 1, the length of the piano is close to four and a half units.
3. In Figure 2, the length of the table below the mirror is close to six units.
4. Therefore, the length of the table below the mirror is longer. |
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8 | Positional Relationship (Reg.–Reg.) | Assuming the picture display area is on the south wall, where is the corridor passage area located in this bedroom?
Options: A: Northeast corner, B: Southeast corner, C: Southwest corner, D: Northwest corner | D | It can be seen that the two white doors on the left side of the corridor are on the right wall of the picture display area, that is, on the west wall. Therefore, the corridor passage area in the corner is located at the northwest corner of the bedroom. |
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9 | Positional Relationship (Reg.–Reg.) | When you are going upstairs in the stairwell area, where is the food storage area located relative to you?
Options: A: In front, B: Behind, C: On the left, D: On the right | D | The staircase area is to the left of the kitchen, while the refrigerator is on the right side of the kitchen; therefore, when going upstairs, the food storage area is on the right. |
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10 | Positional Relationship (Reg.–Reg.) | When you enter through the passage area of the main gate in Figure 2, in which direction is the stove heating area located relative to you?
Options: A: Front right, B: Front left, C: Back right, D: Back left | B | Based on the curtains, it can be determined that the main entrance passage is to the left of the window, and the stove is on the wall to the right of the window. Therefore, when entering from the main entrance passage in Figure 2, the stove heating area is in the front left. |
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11 | Positional Relationship (Reg.–Reg.) | The book storage area is on the west wall. May I ask where the telephone communication area is located?
Options: A: Northwest, B: Southwest, C: Southeast, D: Northeast | C | The two areas are each adjacent to the left and right walls of the window area, while the telephone communication area is closer to the window, and is therefore located in the southeast corner. |
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12 | MSR | Suppose I am sitting on the edge of the bed in Figure 3 facing the desk. If I want to photograph the sink shown in Figure 2, in which direction should I take the photo?
Options: A: To my immediate left, B: To my left rear, C: To my left front, D: Directly in front of me | C | 1. In Figure 2, the sofa and table can be seen.
2. From Figure 3, it can be observed that the bed, sofa, and table are roughly aligned in a straight line.
3. Therefore, when I sit on the edge of the bed, the sink in Figure 2 is approximately in front of me to the left. |
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13 | MSR | Assuming that the power strip on the table in Figure 3 is located on the south side of this rectangular meeting room, then in which direction is the red backpack in Figure 2 approximately located in this meeting room?
Options: A: Southwest, B: Northwest, C: Southeast, D: Northeast | D | 1. From Figures 1 and 3, it can be seen that the red backpack is not in the southwest or southeast.
2. From Figures 2 and 4, it can be seen that the red backpack is on the long side, not the short side.
3. Therefore, the red backpack is in the northeast. |
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14 | Motion (Obj.) | These two photos were taken consecutively. Considering the person wearing a white top who is crossing the crosswalk on the far left in the front of the field of view, which of the following best describes his movement?
Options: A: Walking forward, head facing forward, B: Walking forward, head turned left, C: Standing still, head facing forward, D: Walking forward, head turned right | D | 1. By comparing the two pictures, it can be seen that this person is crossing the crosswalk.
2. Additionally, this person's head has turned to the right. |
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15 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Cam.) | Assuming I am taking the first photo, where is the camera positioned relative to me when taking the second photo?
Options: A: Front right, B: Directly to the right, C: Directly to the left, D: Front left | A | 1. The first photo is taken from the front, capturing the image of Jesus on the cross.
2. The second photo is taken from the left-hand side of the image of Jesus on the cross.
3. Therefore, the shooting position of the second photo is to the front right of the shooting position of the first photo. |
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16 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Cam.) | The camera coordinate system is defined as +Y up, -Z forward, and is a right-handed system. From the perspective of the camera coordinate system, how is the viewpoint of the second image obtained by moving the viewpoint of the first image?
Options: A: Move in the positive X direction and negative Z direction, B: Move in the positive X direction and positive Z direction, C: Move in the negative X direction and positive Z direction, D: Move in the negative X direction and negative Z direction | A | Using the pink shoe upper as a reference, the viewpoint in the second image is to the front right of the viewpoint in the first image, that is, in the camera coordinate system, it moves in the positive X-axis direction and the negative Z-axis direction. |
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17 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Cam.) | The camera coordinate system is defined as +Y up, -Z forward, which is a right-handed system. How can the viewpoint in the second image be obtained from the viewpoint in the first image in its corresponding camera coordinate system?
Options: A: Rotate by a negative angle around the Z axis, B: Rotate by a negative angle around the Y axis, C: Rotate by a positive angle around the Z axis, D: Rotate by a positive angle around the Y axis | B | Using the sofa as a reference, rotating the viewpoint to the right means rotating a negative angle around the Y-axis. |
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18 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Cam.) | The camera coordinate system is defined as +Y up, -Z forward, and is a right-handed system. How is the viewpoint in the second image obtained from the viewpoint in the first image by moving in its corresponding camera coordinate system?
Options: A: Move in the positive Z direction and positive Y direction, B: Move in the negative Z direction and positive Y direction, C: Move in the negative X direction and negative Y direction, D: Move in the positive X direction and negative Y direction | B | Using the paper on the table as a reference, the viewpoint in the second image is in front and above the viewpoint in the first image, that is, it moves in the negative direction of the Z-axis and the positive direction of the Y-axis. |
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19 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Reg.) | When you took the second picture, where was the toothbrushing area in relation to you?
Options: A: Right, B: Front, C: Back, D: Left | A | 1. When taking photo 2, the camera was facing directly toward the towel.
2. By comparing with photo 1, it can be seen that the tooth-brushing area is on the right side when photo 2 was taken. |
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20 | Attribute (Appr.) | How many sponge strips are on the sculpture in the picture?
Options: A: 8, B: 9, C: 7, D: 6 | A | 1. There is a black dot at the center of the sculpted head, and to the left of the black dot are four sponge strips. 2. To the right of the black dot are four sponge strips. 3. There are eight sponge strips in total. |
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21 | Attribute (Appr.) | Figure 1 shows the north side of the food. Which side of the food is shown in Figure 2?
Options: A: Southeast, B: West, C: Southwest, D: Northeast | A | 1. Figure 1 shows the north side of the food. 2. Figure 2 shows the rear right side of the food. 3. That is, the southeast side. |
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22 | Attribute (Appr.) | Figure 1 shows the front of the statue, with the statue at the center. Which side of the statue is shown in Figure 2?
Options: A: Left, B: Back, C: Front, D: Right | D | 1. Figure 1 shows the north side of the statue. 2. Figure 2 shows the right side of the statue. |
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23 | Attribute (Appr.) | Figure 1 shows the front view of the plant, with the plant at the center. Which side of the plant is shown in Figure 2?
Options: A: Left, B: Front left, C: Front right, D: Right | C | 1. Figure 1 shows the front view of the plant. 2. Figure 2 shows the right front side of the plant. |
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24 | Positional Relationship (Obj.–Reg.) | If the direction the door faces is north, in which direction is the vase located in the billiards leisure area?
Options: A: South, B: Southwest, C: Northwest, D: Southeast | B | 1. The billiard table is outside the door. 2. The vase is inside the door, to the left of the door. 3. The vase is to the southwest of the billiard leisure area. |
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25 | Positional Relationship (Obj.–Reg.) | Assuming the balcony is north relative to the door, in which direction on the balcony is the chair in the second picture?
Options: A: East, B: Southwest, C: South, D: Southeast | B | 1. Take the direction of the balcony relative to the door as north. 2. The carpet is to the southwest of the balcony. 3. In the second picture, the chair is on the carpet and also to the southwest of the balcony. |
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26 | Positional Relationship (Obj.–Reg.) | In relation to the stove, the chandelier is to the north. In which direction is the dining room from the chandelier?
Options: A: Southwest, B: Northwest, C: North, D: Northeast | B | The direction of the chandelier relative to the stove is north, and the dining room is in the northwest direction from the chandelier. |
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27 | Positional Relationship (Obj.–Reg.) | In the living room, the main door faces north; in which direction is the coffee table located in the dining room?
Options: A: West, B: East, C: South, D: North | A | The direction in which the main door of the living room faces outward is north, and the coffee table is to the west of the dining room. |
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28 | Positional Relationship (Obj.–Obj.) | The potted plant is to the northeast of the longest sofa. In which direction is the power outlet from the longest sofa?
Options: A: Northwest, B: Southeast, C: Northeast, D: Southwest | A | 1. There is overlap in the images; the potted plant in the upper right corner of Image 1 is the same as the potted plant in the upper left corner of Image 2.
2. The potted plant is to the northeast of the longest sofa, so the statue is facing the longest sofa and is to the north of it. The power outlet is closer to the west side than the statue, so the outlet is to the northwest of the longest sofa. |
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29 | Positional Relationship (Obj.–Obj.) | The fireplace is directly north of the billiard cue. In which direction is the wine cabinet from the billiard cue?
Options: A: Northwest, B: Southeast, C: Southwest, D: Northeast | D | 1. The sofa on the right side of Figure 1 and the sofa on the left side of Figure 2 are the same sofa.
2. The fireplace is directly north of the pool cue, so the sofa is northeast of the pool cue. The wine cabinet is northeast of the pool cue, so the wine cabinet is northeast of the pool cue. |
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30 | Motion (Cam.) | The images are taken continuously from a first-person perspective. In which direction are you rotating?
Options: A: Left, B: Right, C: Up, D: Down | A | In Figure 1, part of the sofa is in the lower left corner, while in Figure 2, the entire sofa appears in the middle of the lake, so the camera rotated to the left. |
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31 | Motion (Cam.) | The images are taken continuously from a first-person perspective. In which direction are you rotating?
Options: A: Down, B: Up, C: Left, D: Right | B | From the image, it can be seen that the robotic arm is taking a slice of toast out of the basket, and the camera is moving upward overall. |
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32 | Motion (Cam.) | The images are taken continuously from a first-person perspective. In which direction are you rotating?
Options: A: Left, B: Right, C: Up, D: Down | D | From the diagram, it can be analyzed that the robotic arm is lowering the toast into the oven. |
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33 | Motion (Cam.) | The images are taken in a continuous first-person perspective. In which direction is the camera rotating?
Options: A: Down, B: Right, C: Up, D: Left | A | It can be seen that the portion of the toast inside the toaster appearing in the image has decreased, and the entire toaster has shifted upward in the frame, so relatively speaking, the camera is rotating downward. |
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34 | Motion (Cam.) | The images are taken continuously from a first-person perspective. In which direction is the camera moving?
Options: A: back right, B: front right, C: back left, D: front left | A | It can be observed that the right hand of the robotic arm moves from covering the white strap to appearing in the lower right part of the image, so the camera is moving toward the right and backward. |
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35 | Motion (Cam.) | The images are taken continuously from a first-person perspective. In which direction is the camera rotating?
Options: A: Left, B: Up, C: Right, D: Down | D | By comparing the positional relationship between the robotic arm and the gray bag, it can be seen that the camera is rotating downward. |
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36 | Motion (Cam.) | The images are taken continuously from a first-person perspective. In which direction is the camera rotating?
Options: A: Up, B: Down, C: Left, D: Right | A | More of the gray bag in the upper left corner has appeared, indicating that the image has shifted upward. |
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37 | Motion (Cam.) | The images are taken continuously from a first-person perspective. In which direction is the camera rotating?
Options: A: Left, B: Right, C: Up, D: Down | D | The green bottle cap of the beverage moved in the picture at night, so the camera rotated downward. |
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38 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Obj.) | When I took the second photo, where was the black door in relation to me?
Options: A: Behind me, B: On my left, C: In front of me, D: On my right | B | 1. By judging from the paintings on the wall, the wall with the staircase is on your left now. 2. The door is at the far end of the opening in the wall with the staircase, on your left. |
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39 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Obj.) | When you were taking the second photo, where was the handrail in relation to you?
Options: A: back left, B: front left, C: front right, D: back right | C | The handrail is on the right side of the toilet, and since you are now facing the toilet, the handrail is also on your right, in front of you. |
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40 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Obj.) | You took these two pictures in the room. When you were taking Picture 1, if an unexpected safety incident occurred, where would be the best place to run?
Options: A: back left, B: front left, C: back right, D: front right | B | It can be seen that the door with the emergency exit sign appears in Image 2, and the chair on the right side of Image 2 is now in front and to the left of you, so it can be determined that the door is also in front and to the left of you. |
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41 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Obj.) | It is known that there are only three paintings in this room. When you are taking photo 2 and want to capture the teapot on the table, how should you move the camera?
Options: A: Pan and rotate to the left, B: Pan and rotate to the right, C: Rotate down to the left, D: Rotate down to the right | D | Based on the fact that there are only three paintings, it can be confirmed that the painting on the left in Image 1 is the same as the one on the right in Image 2. The teapot on the table is also to the right of the photographer, and since you are currently shooting upwards, you need to move down and rotate downwards to the right. |
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42 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Obj.) | When you took the photo in Figure 1, where was the iron refrigerator located relative to you?
Options: A: Front left, B: Rear left, C: Rear right, D: Front right | A | The refrigerator is near the left side of the sofa, and you are now facing the right edge of the sofa. Both the refrigerator and the sofa are on your left, and the sofa is in front of you. |
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43 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Obj.) | When you took the photo in image 2, where was the toilet located relative to you (this cabinet has only two columns of drawers)?
Options: A: Rear right, B: Front right, C: Front left, D: Rear left | B | The toilet is to the right of the white cabinet, and the left side of the cabinet is now in front and to the left of you. This cabinet has only two columns of drawers, so it can be inferred that the toilet at its right edge is also in front and to the left of you. |
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44 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Obj.) | When you take the photo in Figure 2, where is the round mirror located relative to you?
Options: A: Front right, B: Front left, C: Back right, D: Back left | B | You can see that the mirror is at a particularly distant position in Figure 1. Right now, you are facing the switches on the right side of Figure 1, and the wall is slanting diagonally toward your left front. Because the mirror is far enough away, it is located to your left front. |
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45 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Obj.) | When you took photo 1, where was the toy car in relation to you?
Options: A: Rear left, B: Front right, C: Rear right, D: Front left | D | The toy car is on the bedside table to the left of the bed, while you are at the foot of the bed on the same side, slightly angled, with both the bedside table and the toy car in front of you to your left. |
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46 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Obj.) | When you took photo 1, where was the other desk lamp located relative to you?
Options: A: Rear right, B: Rear left, C: Front left, D: Front right | C | You can see that the sofa on the left side of Figure 1 is to the right of the lamp in Figure 2, and you are now facing the right side of the sofa, so the lamp in Figure 2 is in front of you to the left. |
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47 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Obj.) | When you took the photo in Image 2, where was the clock located relative to you?
Options: A: Front right, B: Back left, C: Front left, D: Back right | C | At present, the game device is in your front left. You are facing the wall on the right side of Figure 1, and the clock is in your front left. |
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48 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Obj.) | When you took photo 2, where was the television in relation to you?
Options: A: back right, B: back left, C: front right, D: front left | D | The mural in the middle is now in front of you to your left, and the television is to the left of the central mural, so it is also in front of you to your left. |
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49 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Obj.) | When you took the photo in Image 2, where was the white paper box located relative to you?
Options: A: Front left, B: Back left, C: Back right, D: Front right | A | The white paper box is near the lower left edge of the carpet, while I am diagonally facing the lower right edge of the carpet, so the white paper box is behind me to my left. |
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50 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Obj.) | When I took photo 1, where was the television in relation to me?
Options: A: In front, B: Behind, C: On the right, D: On the left | C | I am facing the office area to the left of the television, so the television is now on my right. |
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51 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Obj.) | When you took the photo in Figure 1, where was the billboard located relative to you?
Options: A: On your right, B: In front of you, C: On your left, D: Behind you | C | The billboard is to the left of the plant, and the plant is to your left, so the billboard is also to your left. |
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52 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Obj.) | When you took the photo in Image 2, approximately what direction was the green potted plant on the steps relative to you?
Options: A: 30 degrees counterclockwise, B: 70 degrees counterclockwise, C: 30 degrees clockwise, D: 70 degrees clockwise | B | What you are seeing now is the left side of the reception desk, and the potted plant is farther away on the left side of the door to the left of the reception desk. It is positioned further to the left than the reception desk from your perspective, approximately near the direct left, at about 70 degrees counterclockwise. |
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53 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Obj.) | When you take the photo in Image 2, where are the steps located relative to you?
Options: A: Left rear, B: Right rear, C: Right front, D: Left front | D | You are now facing the lower left corner of the table (directly facing it), and the steps are roughly at the upper left corner, so they are in front of you to the left. |
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54 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Obj.) | When you took photo 1, where was the black small sofa in relation to you?
Options: A: On your right, B: Behind you, C: In front of you to the left, D: Behind you to the left | A | As can be seen, the door in Figure 1 is located at the upper left corner as shown in Figure 2, and since I am currently facing the door in Figure 1, the small black sofa is on my right. |
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55 | Attribute (Meas.) | Is the top of the winner's board in the World Cup higher, or is the top of the close-up shoe image higher?
Options: A: The same height, B: The winner's board in the World Cup, C: The close-up shoe image, D: Sometimes the former, sometimes the latter | C | The top of the close-up image of the shoes is nearly level with a red line on the wall, while the top of the drawing board for the World Cup winner is relatively far from the red line. |
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56 | Attribute (Meas.) | In Figure 1, comparing the brown door at the bottom right corner with the door of the house with a brown roof and gray walls in Figure 2, which door is taller?
Options: A: The door in Figure 2, B: The door in Figure 1, C: Sometimes the one in Figure 1 is taller, sometimes the one in Figure 2 is taller, D: They are the same height | A | By directly comparing, it can be seen that the door height in Figure 2 is higher. |
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57 | Attribute (Meas.) | Which is wider, the pot on the far left in Figure 1 or the laptop screen in Figure 2?
Options: A: Laptop screen, B: Same width, C: Sometimes the pot, sometimes the laptop screen, D: Pot | A | A direct comparison shows that the laptop screen is wider. |
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58 | Positional Relationship (Reg.–Reg.) | When you are lying in the sleeping area, in which direction is the parking lot located?
Options: A: Behind, B: To the right, C: In front, D: To the left | B | The parking lot is outside the window, and the window is on the left side of the sleeping area, so when you are lying in bed, the parking lot is on your right. |
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59 | Positional Relationship (Reg.–Reg.) | When you are sitting in the sofa lounge area in Figure 2, where is the well-lit area in front of Figure 1 relative to you?
Options: A: Front right, B: Directly to the left, C: Directly to the right, D: Front left | A | The sofa area is to the right of the kitchen, while the well-lit area is far to the left of the kitchen. The sofa area is located against the wall further back, so the well-lit area is in the front right. |
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60 | Positional Relationship (Reg.–Reg.) | When you are going downstairs in the stairwell area, in which direction is the bathroom area relative to you?
Options: A: Front right, B: Front left, C: Back right, D: Back left | B | When you go downstairs, the area downstairs is all in front of you. Specifically, the bathroom area is relatively on the left wall, so it is in the front left. |
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61 | Positional Relationship (Reg.–Reg.) | Assuming the large art display area is on the south wall, where is the ingredient storage area located in the room?
Options: A: Northwest corner, B: Northeast corner, C: Southeast corner, D: Southwest corner | B | It can be seen that on the left side of the large art display area, that is, on the east wall, there are iron cabinets. From Figure 2, it is known that the food storage area is to the left of this row of cabinets, that is, in the northeast corner. |
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62 | Positional Relationship (Reg.–Reg.) | If the direction facing away from the wall in the time display area is considered the front, in which direction is the food storage area located relative to it?
Options: A: Front left, B: Back right, C: Back left, D: Front right | D | The kitchen area is on the wall to the left of the time display area, while the food storage area is even further to the left on this wall, so it is in the front right. |
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63 | Positional Relationship (Reg.–Reg.) | When you walk down to the stair area, where is the television located relative to you?
Options: A: Directly behind, B: Front right, C: Front left, D: Back right | B | When you go downstairs, there is a brown sofa in front of you (although it is blocked by the wall), and the television is farther away compared to the sofa on the right, located in the front right. |
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64 | Positional Relationship (Reg.–Reg.) | Assuming the fireplace area is on the north wall of the living room, in which corner of the room is the translucent lounge area in Figure 2?
Options: A: Southeast, B: Northeast, C: Southwest, D: Northwest | C | Based on the deep black cabinet, it can be seen that the curtain area is on the west wall, and the well-lit resting area is to the left of the west wall, thus in the southwest corner. |
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65 | Positional Relationship (Reg.–Reg.) | When I am using the handwashing area, where is the toilet area located in relation to me?
Options: A: To my right, B: Directly in front of me, C: Behind me, D: To my left | D | The towel is on the handwashing area, and the toilet is to the left of the towel. When I am using the handwashing area, the toilet area is on my left. |
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66 | Positional Relationship (Reg.–Reg.) | When you enter from the main entrance passage area, in which direction is the stove heating area located relative to you?
Options: A: Front left, B: Directly to the left, C: Directly in front, D: Directly to the right | A | The passage explains the relative positions of two areas: the entrance passage area and the stove heating area. It states that the entrance passage area is located further back on the left side of the wall in Figure 1 or the right side of the wall in Figure 2, while the stove heating area is located further forward on the right side of the wall. Therefore, the stove heating area is at the front left. |
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67 | Positional Relationship (Reg.–Reg.) | If the direction facing the door in the shelf display area in Figure 2 is considered the front, what is the position of the Thinker art display area relative to the shelf display area?
Options: A: Directly to the right, B: Front right, C: Front left, D: Directly to the left | C | The Thinker art display area is at the entrance, to the right of the door, while the shelf display area is to the left of the door and relatively farther away. Therefore, from the perspective of the shelf display area, the Thinker art display area is in the front left. |
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68 | Positional Relationship (Reg.–Reg.) | When you enter from the access area, in which direction is the brown miscellaneous storage area located relative to you?
Options: A: Directly to your right, B: Directly to your left, C: Front left, D: Front right | B | The brown miscellaneous storage area is on the right side of the wall with the white cabinets, right up against the wall, while the passage area is on the left side of the wall with the white cabinets, so the brown miscellaneous storage area is directly to your left. |
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69 | Positional Relationship (Reg.–Reg.) | When entering the shooting room, a person faces north. In which direction is the pantry area with the white cabinet located relative to the dining area?
Options: A: Northwest, B: Southeast, C: Southwest, D: Northeast | C | There is no text provided after "1." to translate. Please provide the Chinese text you would like translated. |
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70 | Positional Relationship (Reg.–Reg.) | When a person sits in front of the piano playing and faces south, in which direction is the corridor relative to the room where the piano is placed?
Options: A: West, B: North, C: East, D: South | B | 1. The two diagrams overlap; the door on the left side of Diagram 2 and the door on the right side of Diagram 1 are the same door.
2. Outside the room where the piano is placed is a corridor. When a person sits in front of the piano and plays, they are facing south. At this time, the person has their back to the corridor, so the corridor is to the north of the room where the piano is placed. |
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71 | MSR | These three photos were taken in the same square meeting room. Assuming that the camera in Photo 3 is facing east, if I am currently taking Photo 2, then what is the direction of the camera relative to me when taking Photo 1?
Options: A: Approximately east, B: Approximately west, C: Approximately north, D: Approximately south | C | 1. From Figures 1, 2, and 3, it can be seen that only one of the four sides of this square meeting room is made of glass, and a row of gray chairs is placed along it.
2. This side is the wall on the left in Figure 3.
3. Figure 1 was taken of this wall.
4. The position from which Figure 2 was taken is on the side far from the glass door; turning left from there would allow you to capture the content shown in Figure 1.
5. The direction facing the glass door is east, so Figure 1 faces north, and the position in Figure 1 is to the north of the position from which Figure 2 was taken. |
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72 | MSR | These photos show different areas inside the same house. Suppose a person enters the room through the white door in Photo 1 and stands at the doorway, facing perpendicular to the white door frame and looking into the room. Which of the following statements is correct regarding how this person can see the bookshelf in Photo 4?
Options: A: Looking straight ahead, they can see the wooden cabinet. B: Looking directly to the right, they can see the wooden cabinet. C: Looking to the front left, they can see the wooden cabinet. D: Looking to the front right, they can see the wooden cabinet. | D | 1. The door in Figure 1 is the same white door as in Figure 3.
2. In Figure 3, you can see the person who appears in Figure 2.
3. From Figure 2 to Figure 5 to Figure 4, you can see that the wooden cabinet is near the sofa where the person is sitting.
4. Therefore, when the person is standing at the white door, they can see the wooden cabinet ahead to the right. |
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73 | MSR | Suppose I am currently photographing Figure 3, and now I want to walk over to close the cabinet door in Figure 2. How should I move? Which of the following statements is reasonable?
Options: A: Turn around and walk to the front left, B: Turn around and walk to the front right, C: Turn around and walk to the back right, D: Walk straight ahead | B | 1. The cabinet in Figure 2 is not the same as the one in the bathroom in Figure 3, so you cannot walk straight ahead.
2. The cabinet opened in Figure 5 is the same as the one in Figure 3 (this can be confirmed by the red appliance in the lower right corner of Figure 5).
3. Figures 5 and 4 show that you can see this cabinet as soon as you turn around at the bathroom door.
4. From the mirror in Figure 3, you can see that the door is roughly facing the area next to the stove in Figure 5, so the cabinet in Figure 2 is not directly facing the bathroom door.
5. Therefore, after turning around, you need to walk toward the front right. |
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74 | MSR | Suppose I am sitting and working on the chair shown in Figure 1. Now I feel that the room is too hot and I want to turn on the fan placed on the chair. How should I move? Which of the following statements best matches the actual situation?
Options: A: The fan is in front of me to the right; I need to walk to the right and then forward to turn on the fan. B: The fan is on my right; I can turn on the fan by walking to the right. C: The fan is in front of me; I can turn on the fan by standing up. D: The fan is on my left; I don't need to move. | A | By connecting the information from the whiteboards in Figures 2, 3, and 4, it can be determined that the fan on the chair is in front of me to my right. |
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75 | MSR | These photos depict scenes of the same room. Assuming the entrance from outside is facing south, then in Figure 6, where is the whiteboard located relative to the laptop in Figure 1?
Options: A: Southwest, B: Southeast, C: Northeast, D: Northwest | C | 1. From Figures 3, 5, and 4 to Figures 1 and 2, it can be seen that directly in front upon entering the door is the laptop.
2. From Figure 6, it can be seen that the whiteboard is on the left when entering the door.
3. Therefore, the whiteboard is to the northeast of the laptop. |
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76 | MSR | Assuming that in Figure 4, the wall where the sink is located and the direction pointing outward from the wall is east, then in Figure 1, what is the position of the door relative to the sink in Figure 4?
Options: A: Northeast, B: Southwest, C: Southeast, D: Northwest | A | 1. It can be seen that the overlapping clue between Figure 2 and Figure 3 is the stacked cardboard boxes, while the overlapping clue between Figure 2 and Figure 4 is the door, as well as the furniture between the faucet and the door in Figure 4.
2. Overall, it can be inferred that the path from the door in Figure 1 to the faucet in Figure 4 basically forms a Z-shaped connection.
3. Considering that the faucet extends outward from the wall toward the east, the wooden door in Figure 1 is to the northeast. |
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77 | MSR | Assuming I am lying on my back with my head resting on the pink pillow in Figure 6 (with my body perpendicular to the wall in Figure 6), in which direction is the door in Figure 1 relative to me?
Options: A: Front right, B: Front left, C: Directly right, D: Directly left | B | 1. On the right side of Figure 5, one of the two monitors from Figure 4 can be seen.
2. Starting from Figure 4 and rotating to the right, you can see Figures 2, 3, 7, 6, and 1 in sequence.
3. It can be determined that the door in Figure 1 is at my front left at this moment. |
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78 | MSR | Assuming the printer in Figure 1 is in the northeast corner of the room, then in which direction is the chair in Figure 3 located in the room?
Options: A: South, B: East, C: West, D: North | A | 1. Figures 1 and 2 both captured a table with a brown surface.
2. Figures 2 and 3 both captured a beverage placed on the floor.
3. It can be seen that the chair is placed against the southern wall. |
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79 | MSR | These six photos were taken at the same location, each shot after rotating 60 degrees, and the order of the six photos has been shuffled. Assuming I am sitting on the chair shown in photo 5, which photo is most likely to show what I would see?
Options: A: Photo 2, B: Photo 3, C: Photo 1, D: Photo 4 | A | 1. Starting from Figure 5, rotating 60 degrees to the left allows you to see the half-open door in Figure 6.
2. Continuing to rotate, you can see Figure 4, then Figure 2, then Figure 3, and finally Figure 1. At this point, Figure 1 is also equivalent to rotating 60 degrees to the right from the starting position of Figure 5.
3. Rotating Figure 5 by 180 degrees corresponds to Figure 2, so it is most likely that the content in Figure 2 will be seen, because the chair photographed in Figure 5 is also almost directly facing this door. |
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80 | MSR | When a person sits in front of the piano playing, they are facing north. The room with pink walls is the bedroom, and the room with white cabinets is the kitchen. Which of the following statements is correct?
Options: A: The bedroom is southeast of the potted plant, B: The desk lamp is southeast of the potted plant, C: The kitchen is northwest of the music player, D: The painting behind the longest sofa is east of the mirror. | A | 1. Infer the orientation between objects based on the overlap between images.
2. When a person sits in front of the piano playing, they are facing north. The room with pink walls is the bedroom. The bedroom is located further east relative to the potted plant, and it is also closer to the southern wall than the potted plant. Therefore, the bedroom is to the southeast of the potted plant.
3. The desk lamp is further east relative to the potted plant, and it is also closer to the northern wall than the potted plant. Therefore, the desk lamp is to the northeast of the potted plant.
4. The kitchen is to the southeast of the music player.
5. The painting behind the longest sofa is to the west of the mirror. |
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81 | Motion (Obj.) | Given a reference frame fixed to a person, with the direction of gravity as the z-axis, in this reference frame, when viewed from above, from Figure 1 to Figure 2, by approximately how many degrees does the object in the person's hand rotate around the z-axis?
Options: A: 90 degrees counterclockwise, B: 135 degrees counterclockwise, C: 135 degrees clockwise, D: 90 degrees clockwise | D | 1. In Figure 1, the head of the machine is at the left rear.
2. In Figure 2, the head of the machine is at the left front.
3. In total, it has rotated approximately 90 degrees clockwise.
4. Note that the frame of reference is on the person, so it is unrelated to the person's movement. |
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82 | Motion (Obj.) | The pictures were taken in sequence. In which direction are the two grippers moving?
Options: A: The left gripper did not move, the right gripper moved to the left; B: The left gripper moved to the right, the right gripper moved to the right; C: The left gripper moved to the right, the right gripper did not move; D: The left gripper moved to the left, the right gripper did not move. | B | The left gripper is closer to the center of the field of view, while the right gripper is farther from the center of the field of view, so the left gripper moves to the right, and the right gripper also moves to the right. |
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83 | Motion (Obj.) | The images were taken in sequence. In which direction is the gripper moving?
Options: A: Moving to the left, B: Moving downward, C: Moving upward, D: Moving to the right | B | The gripper is pressing down the bread maker button and moving downward. |
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84 | Motion (Obj.) | The images are taken in sequence. In which direction is the gripper moving?
Options: A: Moving to the left, B: Moving downward, C: Moving upward, D: Moving to the right | C | The gripper is picking up the bread and moving upward. |
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85 | Motion (Obj.) | The pictures were taken in sequence. In which direction are the two grippers moving?
Options: A: The left gripper is moving to the right, and the right gripper is not moving. B: The left gripper is moving to the right, and the right gripper is moving to the left. C: The left gripper is moving to the left, and the right gripper is not moving. D: The left gripper is not moving, and the right gripper is moving to the left. | B | The two grippers are approaching the center of the field of view, so the left gripper moves to the right, and the right gripper moves to the left. |
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86 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Cam.) | The camera coordinate system is defined as +Y up, -Z forward, and is a right-handed system. How can the viewpoint in the second image be obtained from the viewpoint in the first image in its corresponding camera coordinate system?
Options: A: Rotate by a negative angle around the Y axis, B: Rotate by a positive angle around the Z axis, C: Rotate by a positive angle around the Y axis, D: Rotate by a negative angle around the Z axis | A | In the first image, the table is on the right side; in the second image, the table is on the left side. The viewpoint has rotated to the right, which means it has rotated by a negative angle around the Y-axis. |
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87 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Cam.) | Taking the direction faced when the first photo was taken as the front, from which direction relative to the first photo's shooting position was the second photo taken?
Options: A: Rear left, B: Front right, C: Rear right, D: Front left | D | Using the green round stool as a reference, in the first image, the green round stool is in the front left. The first image is closer to the green round stool, so it has moved toward the front left. |
|
88 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Cam.) | The camera coordinate system is defined as +Y up, -Z forward, which is a right-handed system. How can the viewpoint in the second image be obtained from the viewpoint in the first image in its corresponding camera coordinate system?
Options: A: Rotate a negative angle around the Y-axis, B: Rotate a positive angle around the Y-axis, C: Rotate a negative angle around the Z-axis, D: Rotate a positive angle around the Z-axis | A | The first image is taken almost directly facing the whiteboard, while the second image is taken from the left side looking toward the right. The camera is rotated to the right, which means it is rotated by a negative angle around the Y-axis. |
|
89 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Cam.) | The camera coordinate system is defined as +Y up, -Z forward, and is a right-handed system. How can the viewpoint in the second image be obtained from the viewpoint in the first image in its corresponding camera coordinate system?
Options: A: Rotate a positive angle around the Z axis, then a positive angle around the Y axis; B: Rotate a positive angle around the Y axis, then a negative angle around the X axis; C: Rotate a positive angle around the Y axis, then a positive angle around the X axis; D: Rotate a positive angle around the Z axis, then a negative angle around the Y axis. | C | The viewpoint rotates to the upper left, which in the camera coordinate system means rotating a positive angle around the Y-axis, and then rotating a positive angle around the X-axis. |
|
90 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Cam.) | The camera coordinate system is defined as +Y up, -Z forward, which is a right-handed system. How can the viewpoint of the second image be obtained from the viewpoint of the first image in its corresponding camera coordinate system?
Options: A: Rotate by a negative angle around the Y-axis, B: Rotate by a positive angle around the Z-axis, C: Rotate by a negative angle around the Z-axis, D: Rotate by a positive angle around the Y-axis | D | Using the pink shoe upper as a reference, if the first image is viewed from front to back, then the second image is viewed from right to left. The perspective shifts to the left, which means rotating the viewpoint around the Y-axis by a positive angle. |
|
91 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Cam.) | The camera coordinate system is defined as +Y up, -Z forward, and is a right-handed system. How is the viewpoint in the second image obtained from the viewpoint in the first image by moving in its corresponding camera coordinate system?
Options: A: Move in the positive X direction and positive Z direction, B: Move in the negative X direction and negative Z direction, C: Move in the negative X direction and positive Z direction, D: Move in the positive X direction and negative Z direction | A | Using the whiteboard as a reference, the viewpoint in the second image is to the rear right of the viewpoint in the first image, that is, in the camera coordinate system, it moves in the positive direction of the X-axis and the positive direction of the Z-axis. |
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92 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Cam.) | The camera coordinate system is defined as +Y up, -Z forward, and is a right-handed system. How can the viewpoint of the second image be obtained from the viewpoint of the first image in its corresponding camera coordinate system?
Options: A: Rotate a positive angle around the Y-axis, B: Rotate a positive angle around the Z-axis, C: Rotate a negative angle around the Y-axis, D: Rotate a negative angle around the Z-axis | A | Using the whiteboard as a reference, rotating the viewpoint to the left means rotating a positive angle around the Y-axis. |
|
93 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Cam.) | The camera coordinate system is defined as +Y up, -Z forward, and is a right-handed system. From the perspective of the camera coordinate system, how is the viewpoint of the second image obtained by moving the viewpoint of the first image?
Options: A: Move in the positive X direction and negative Z direction, B: Move in the positive X direction and positive Z direction, C: Move in the negative X direction and negative Z direction, D: Move in the negative X direction and positive Z direction | A | Taking the printer as a reference, the viewpoint in the second image is to the front right of the viewpoint in the first image, that is, in the camera coordinate system, it moves in the positive X-axis direction and the negative Z-axis direction. |
|
94 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Cam.) | The camera coordinate system is defined as +Y up, -Z forward, which is a right-handed system. How can the viewpoint in the second image be obtained from the viewpoint in the first image in its corresponding camera coordinate system?
Options: A: Rotate by a negative angle around the Y-axis, B: Rotate by a positive angle around the Y-axis, C: Rotate by a negative angle around the Z-axis, D: Rotate by a positive angle around the Z-axis | B | Using the printer as a reference, rotating the viewpoint to the left means rotating a positive angle around the Y-axis. |
|
95 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Cam.) | The camera coordinate system is defined as +Y up, -Z forward, and is a right-handed system. How is the viewpoint in the second image obtained from the viewpoint in the first image by moving in its corresponding camera coordinate system?
Options: A: Move in the negative X direction and negative Z direction, B: Move in the negative X direction and positive Z direction, C: Move in the positive X direction and negative Z direction, D: Move in the positive X direction and positive Z direction | B | Using the sofa as a reference, the viewpoint in the second image is to the left and behind the viewpoint in the first image, that is, in the camera coordinate system, it moves in the negative X-axis direction and the positive Z-axis direction. |
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96 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Cam.) | The camera coordinate system is defined as +Y up, -Z forward, and is a right-handed system. How can the viewpoint of the second image be obtained from the viewpoint of the first image in its corresponding camera coordinate system?
Options: A: Rotate a positive angle around the Z axis, B: Rotate a negative angle around the Y axis, C: Rotate a negative angle around the Z axis, D: Rotate a positive angle around the Y axis | D | Using the television as a reference, rotating the viewpoint to the left means rotating a positive angle around the Y-axis. |
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97 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Cam.) | The camera coordinate system is defined as +Y up, -Z forward, and is a right-handed system. How is the viewpoint of the second image obtained from the viewpoint of the first image in its corresponding camera coordinate system?
Options: A: Move in the positive X direction and negative Z direction, B: Move in the negative X direction and negative Z direction, C: Move in the positive X direction and positive Z direction, D: Move in the negative X direction and positive Z direction | A | Using the television as a reference, the viewpoint in the second image is to the front right of the viewpoint in the first image, that is, in the camera coordinate system, it moves in the positive X-axis direction and the negative Z-axis direction. |
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98 | Positional Relationship (Cam.–Cam.) | The camera coordinate system is defined as +Y up, -Z forward, which is a right-handed system. How can the viewpoint of the second image be obtained from the viewpoint of the first image in its corresponding camera coordinate system?
Options: A: Rotate by a negative angle around the Y-axis, then by a negative angle around the X-axis; B: Rotate by a positive angle around the Y-axis, then by a positive angle around the X-axis; C: Rotate by a positive angle around the Z-axis, then by a negative angle around the Y-axis; D: Rotate by a positive angle around the Z-axis, then by a positive angle around the Y-axis | A | Rotating the viewpoint down and to the right means first rotating by a negative angle around the Y-axis, and then by a negative angle around the X-axis in the camera coordinate system. |
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99 | Attribute (Appr.) | Figure 1 shows the north side of the food. Which side of the food does Figure 2 show?
Options: A: Southeast, B: Northeast, C: Southwest, D: East | B | 1. Figure 1 shows the north side of the food. 2. Figure 2 shows the front right side of the food. 3. That is, the northeast side. |
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MMSI-Bench
This repo contains evaluation code for the paper "[MMSI-Bench: A Benchmark for Multi-Image Spatial Intelligence]"
🌐 Homepage | 🤗 Dataset | 📑 Paper | 💻 Code | 📖 arXiv
🔔News
🔥[2025-05-30]: We released the ArXiv paper.
Load Dataset
from datasets import load_dataset
mmsi_bench = load_dataset("RunsenXu/MMSI-Bench")
print(mmsi_bench)
Evaluation
Please refer to the evaluation guidelines of VLMEvalKit
🏆 MMSI-Bench Leaderboard
| Model | Avg. (%) | Type |
|---|---|---|
| 🥇 Human Level | 97.2 | Baseline |
| 🥈 o3 | 41.0 | Proprietary |
| 🥉 GPT-4.5 | 40.3 | Proprietary |
| Gemini-2.5-Pro--Thinking | 37.0 | Proprietary |
| Gemini-2.5-Pro | 36.9 | Proprietary |
| Doubao-1.5-pro | 33.0 | Proprietary |
| GPT-4.1 | 30.9 | Proprietary |
| Qwen2.5-VL-72B | 30.7 | Open-source |
| NVILA-15B | 30.5 | Open-source |
| GPT-4o | 30.3 | Proprietary |
| Claude-3.7-Sonnet--Thinking | 30.2 | Proprietary |
| Seed1.5-VL | 29.7 | Proprietary |
| InternVL2.5-2B | 29.0 | Open-source |
| InternVL2.5-8B | 28.7 | Open-source |
| DeepSeek-VL2-Small | 28.6 | Open-source |
| InternVL3-78B | 28.5 | Open-source |
| InternVL2.5-78B | 28.5 | Open-source |
| LLaVA-OneVision-72B | 28.4 | Open-source |
| NVILA-8B | 28.1 | Open-source |
| InternVL2.5-26B | 28.0 | Open-source |
| DeepSeek-VL2 | 27.1 | Open-source |
| InternVL3-1B | 27.0 | Open-source |
| InternVL3-9B | 26.7 | Open-source |
| Qwen2.5-VL-3B | 26.5 | Open-source |
| InternVL2.5-1B | 26.1 | Open-source |
| InternVL2.5-4B | 26.3 | Open-source |
| Qwen2.5-VL-7B | 25.9 | Open-source |
| InternVL3-8B | 25.7 | Open-source |
| Llama-3.2-11B-Vision | 25.4 | Open-source |
| InternVL3-2B | 25.3 | Open-source |
| 🃏 Random Guessing | 25.0 | Baseline |
| LLaVA-OneVision-7B | 24.5 | Open-source |
| DeepSeek-VL2-Tiny | 24.0 | Open-source |
| Blind GPT-4o | 22.7 | Baseline |
Acknowledgment
MMSI-Bench makes use of data from existing image datasets: ScanNet, nuScenes, Matterport3D, Ego4D, AgiBot-World, DTU, DAVIS-2017 ,and Waymo. We thank these teams for their open-source contributions.
Contact
- Sihan Yang: sihany077@gmail.com
- Runsen Xu: runsxu@gmail.com
Citation
@article{yang2025mmsi,
title={MMSI-Bench: A Benchmark for Multi-Image Spatial Intelligence},
author={Yang, Sihan and Xu, Runsen and Xie, Yiman and Yang, Sizhe and Li, Mo and Lin, Jingli and Zhu, Chenming and Chen, Xiaochen and Duan, Haodong and Yue, Xiangyu and Lin, Dahua and Wang, Tai and Pang, Jiangmiao},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.23764},
year={2025}
}
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