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d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | Usually from a single, large load | Do the posterior elements usually fail due to fatigue failure or from a single, large load? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | The largest amount of stress a specimen that be repeatedly exposed to for unlimited number of times without failing (causes no microdamage at all - the edge of the elastic region) | In regards to fatigue failure, what is meant by the term endurance limit? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | A straight line that is approached, but never reached, by a curved line. | What is an asymptote? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | tensile loading | Does fatigue failure of bone come with fewer repititions of compressive loading or of tensile loading? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | Elastic deformation does not involve damage (the specimen will return to its original shape)._ Plastic deformation implies that some damage has been done to the specimen. | What is the difference between elastic and plastic deformation? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | One that will not deform very much before it breaks, like glass._ (says nothing about how strong it is) | What is a brittle material? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | ductile - like gold for example_ (has nothing to do with how strong it is) | What term is used to describe a material that will deform a lot without breaking? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | A constant load is applied to a viscoelastic material for a time and then removed._ The amount of stretch is observed throughout the time of the test. | How is a creep and recovery test performed? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | Goes to maximum stretch right away and stays there until the load is removed. | How does an elastic material respond in a creep and recovery test? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | Stretches out fairly quickly when the load is first applied and then less and less as time goes on._ When the load is removed, it starts to contract quickly but slows down as time goes on. It will eventually return to the original shape. | How does a viscoelastic solid that is not damaged respond to a creep and recovery test? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | Stretches out fairly quickly when the load is first apllied and then less and less as time goes on._ When the load is removed, it starts to contract quickly but slows down as time goes on. It never does return to the original shape. | How does a viscoelastic solid that is damaged by the test, or a viscoelastic liquid respond to a creep and recovery test? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | A viscoelastic material is stretched a certain amount and then held in that position._ The amount of force required to hold it in that position is measured over time until the end of the test. | How is a stretch and relaxation test performed? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | Takes the same amount of force to hold the position throughout the entire test. | How does an elastic material respond in a stretch and relaxation test? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | Takes less force to hold the position as time goes on, but will never drop below some particular amount of force. | How does a viscoelastic solid respond to a stretch and relaxation test? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | The amount of force required to hold the position reduces over time until it takes no force at all. | How does a viscoelastic liquid respond to a stretch and relaxation test? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | 1. Although it is either a liquid or a solid, it has properties of both._ 2. It takes time to reach maximum deformity when exposed to a load._ 3. The stretching causes internal components to rub against each other, resulting in a loss of energy as heat due to friction. | What are the characteristics of a viscoelastic material? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus_ Some consider the end plate as a part of the IVD although some think of it as part of the vertebral body. | What are the basic components of the intervertebral disc (IVD)? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | Enables the IVD to resist rotation in either direction | What is the biomechanical significance of the alternating direction of the slant of the collagen fibers in the alternating layers of the annulus fibrosus of the IVD? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | The layers of the annulus can separate (delamination). | What harmful effect can result from excessive compression of a dehydrated IVD (typically in an older person)? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | Younger people, because the disc is still well hydrated._ (there is no fluid to be pushed out if the disc is old and dehydrated) | In what age group do herniated discs usually occur? Why? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | 1. The disc is usually in a younger person and at the edge of the range of motion._ 2. There has usually been a lot of repetitive loading (like 25,000 cycles)._ 3. It usually happens to people who sit a lot | What conditions are usually associated with the herniation of an IVD? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | Stabilizers (not prime movers) | According to our author, McGill, what is the primary function of the short muscles of the cervical spine? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | The ones with tendons that run superficially tend to be extensors (longer moment arm)._ The ones with tendons that run deep tend to be stabilizers. | How does the biomechanical function of a back extensor muscle tend to vary depending on whether the tendon for that muscle runs superficially or deep? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | They apparently are designed to protect against shear forces._ (they surely aren't intended to cause sliding of one vetebra relative to its neighbor) | What is the biomechanical significance of oblique muscle fibers in deep lumbar muscles? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | Trunk rotation and stabilization but not flexion. | What is the apparent role of the abdominal oblique muscles? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | 1. Reduce amount of bulking when contracting to reduce pressure on underlying viscera_ 2. Allow the abdomen to bend while the rectus abdominus is contracted (and therefore rigid)_ 3. Prevent hoop stresses from intra-abdominal pressure from splitting the muscle fibers apart | What are 3 possible benefits of the rectus abdominus muscle having multiple bellies? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | Prime movers tend to attach in few places and be active in only certain movements._ Stabilizers tend to attach to many places and are active in a wide variety of movements. | In general, how do muscles that are prime movers tend to differ from stabilizers? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | To prevent anything from getting into the spinal canal during movements of the spine. | The ligamentum flavum is the most elastic ligament in the body. Why is it stretched even in the neutral position? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | Helps to resist shear forces. | What is the biomechanical significance of the oblique fibers in the interspinous ligament? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | paratenon | What is the name of the structure that surrounds tendons to isolate them from surrounding structures and guide them around corners? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | A progressive increase in stiffness as the flexible tendon approaches the rigid bone._ (reduces the risk of the tendon snapping off at the attachment site) | In regards to the attachment of tendons to bone, what is meant by the term strain relief? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | Spurious input to the nerve supplying that structure could be induced by a subluxation at the IVF. The brain would interpret activity in that nerve as pain in the structure with its sensors. | What mechanism might explain the sensation of pain in a particular structure when there is nothing wrong at the structure? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | The upper thoracics have the most rotation._ The lumbars and lower thoracics have the most flexion/extension. | Which area of the spine, below the cervicals, has the most rotation?_ Has the most flexion/extension? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | Excessive or reduced range of motion as compared to normal, or especially assymetrical range of motion._ However, unusual ranges of motion could merely be reflective of normal variation. | What characteristics of the range of motion of an individual provide an indication of pathelogical abnormalities? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | 1. Determine and mark the same two points on the vertebra on each of the two images of that vertebra._ (the two points should be as far apart from each other as possible)_ 2. Draw a line connecting the point on one image to the same point on the other image._ (do that for each of the two points selected on the vertebra)_ 3. Draw a perpendicular bisector through each of the two lines._ 4. The intersections of the two perpendicular bisectors is the center of rotation for that movement. | What are the 4 steps for determinining the center of rotation of a vertebra which has moved from one position in an x-ray to another as shown in another x-ray when one of the x-rays has been laid over the top of the other? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | The various centers will tend to be localized in the disc between the two vertebra | Describe the location of the instantaneous centers of rotation of the movement of one lumbar relative to its lower neighbor in a healthy spine during flexion and extension: | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | The various centers will tend to be relatively spread out below the disc between the two vertebra | Describe the location of the instantaneous centers of rotation of the movement of one lumbar relative to its lower neighbor in a biomechanically unstable spine during flexion and extension: | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | 1. Calculating Young's modulus from stress/strain data taken by pressing on the spine_ 2. Measuring the response to a ping on the spine (PulStar system) | Spinal stiffness is evaluated subjectively by motion palpation. What are two objective methods of quantifying spinal stiffness that we discussed in class? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | Because the ligaments carry the load of supporting the weight - only when fully flexed_ (known as the flexion/relaxation phenomenon) | When the trunk is fully flexed, why do paraspinal muscles relax? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | Normals usually show a distinct relaxation of paraspinal muscles at full flexion - low back pain sufferers usually do not. | How can the flexion/relaxation phenomenon be used to distinguish between normals and those with low back pain? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | The spine is longer after sleeping because water is imbibed into the IVDs making them thicker (There is reduced load from your body weight on IVDs while you are horizontal)._ The spine is shortest just before going to bed because water is pushed out during the day when your are upright, putting more load (body weight) on the IVDs, making them thinner. | How and why does the length of the spine typically vary during the course of a 24 hour period? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | His muscles have been conditioned to sitting and it takes a few minutes for them to adjust to effectively handle heavy loading. | Why shouldn't a truck driver hop out of his truck and begin manual unloading immediately after making a long run? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | To prevent buckling of the spine (not to reduce pressure within the IVDs) | What does McGill think is the role of interabdominal pressure during heavy lifting? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | 1. spine extension via muscle attachments_ 2. retinaculum_ 3. "strapping"_ 4. provide support during lateral bending | What are the four possible roles of the lumbodorsal fascia as proposed by McGill? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | Providing pressure on the extensor muscles of the spine to reduce bulging which increases the amount of force they can develop. | In regards to a proposed role of the lumbodorsal fascia, what is meant by "strapping"? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | The use of tensile forces to maintain the integrity of a structure._ (it is a contraction of the words tensile and integrity) | How is tensegrity defined? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
d6f176c8_Module_2_Flashcards___Cram_com___bone_of_the_vertebral_bodies_ | It could be that the brain sends an inappropriate message to one or more muscles of the back, causing excessive contraction which could result in injury. | What explanation does McGill propose for why a seemingly trivial load within normal motions can sometimes lead to a back injury? | []
| Palmer Biomechanics Module 2 Flashcards - Cram.com | How are the trabeculae aligned within the cortical bone of the vertebral bodies? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/palmer-biomechanics-module-2-1568949 | 31/1438042988924.75_20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2_385331966_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | This part of the brain contains olfactory obes, the cerebrum, thalmus, hypothalmus, and pituitary gland [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Forebrain | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | This part of the brain contains the optic lobes [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Midbrain | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | This part of the brain contains the cerebellum and medulla oblongata [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Hindbrain | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Nerve tissue within the brain [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Gray matter | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Insulated nerve cells [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | White matter | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Oldest part of the brain (in terms of evolution) [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Brainstem | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Newest part of the brain (in terms of evolution) [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Frontal Lobes | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Sometimes called the Reptillian Brain [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Hindbrain | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Contains the spinal cord, medulla oblongata, the pons, and the cerebellum [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Hindbrain | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Carries information to the brain and instructions from the brain [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Spinal cord | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Helps control the body's autonomic functions such as respiration, digestion and heart rate, as well as acting as a relay station for nerve signals [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Medulla Oblongata | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Regulates and coordinates movement, posture and balance. Also involved in learning movement. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Cerebellum | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Relays sensory information between the cerebellum and cerebrum; aids in relaying other messages in the brain; controls arousal, and regulates respiration. Some believe it has a role in dreaming. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Pons | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Area sometimes called the "old mammalian brain" or emotional brain [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Limbic System | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Where the amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and thalamus are located. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Limbic System | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Performs a primary role in the formation and storage of emotionally-charged memories, as well as triggering responses of fear and anger. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Amygdala | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Plays important role in the formation of new memories about experienced events, as well as spatial orientation or "place" memory. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Hippocampus | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Influences hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior; regulates the pituitary gland; controls circadian rhythms and body temperature. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Hypothalamus | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Relays most sensory signals within the brain and plays a function in motor control. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Thalamus | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Where the frontal lobes, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, Broca's Area, and the Corpus Callosum is located. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Neocortex | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Sometimes called the Rational Brain or "neomammalian brain." [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Neocortex | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | What separates the brain hemispheres. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Longitudinal fissure | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | The neural bridge that connects the two hemispheres and facilitates communication between them. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Corpus callosum | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Linear reasoning and language functions, as well as a sense of past and present, are often lateralized to this part of the brain. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Left hemisphere | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Holistic reasoning language functions (such as intonation and accentuation), spatial reasoning, artistic ability, and imagination, are often lateralized to part of the brain. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Right hemisphere | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Controls speech, language recognition and facial nerves. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Broca's Area | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | An evolved portion of the brain that handles reasoning, problem solving, judgment, and impulse control; also higher emotions such as empathy and altruism; motor control and memory. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Frontal lobe | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Integrates sensory information to form a single perception, constructs a spatial coordinate system to represent the world around us, and processes pain. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Parietal Lobe | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Involved in semantics both in speech and vision, auditory sensation, and emotion and memory. Houses the auditory cortex. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Temporal Lobe | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Controls visual sensation and processing. Houses the visual cortex. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Occipital Lobe | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Responsible for the comprehension of speech and the selection of content words. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Wernicke's area | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | This neurotransmitter modulates anger, aggression, body temperature, mood, sleep, sexuality, appetite, and metabolism. Low quantities can contribute to anxiety and impulsive behavior. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Serotonin | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | This neurotransmitter triggers wakefulness or arousal and, when scarce, can lead to depression. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Norepinephrine | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | This neurotransmitter lowers arousal and reduces anxiety through its inhibitory functions. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | GABA | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | This neurotransmitter is involved with pleasure and love, desire, and voluntary movement and motivation. Drugs that act on it, causing euphoria, tend to be addictive. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Dopamine | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Three types of substances that can act as neurotransmitters. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Amino acids Peptides Monoamines | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | This excitatory neurotransmitter is involved in arousal and alertness. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Epinephrine (aka Adrenalin) | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | This neurotransmitter is involved in arousal, focused attention, energy, and feelings. Can cause agitation and anxiety. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Norepinephrine (aka Noradrenalin) | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Levels of epinephrine in the CNS are only about __% of the levels of norepinephrine. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | 10% | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | If so much serotonin is available throughout the body, why can't the brain use it? [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Serotonin in the brain is independently synthesized from tryptophan transported across the blood-brain barrier. | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | Of all neurotransmitters, this is the most strongly affected by diet. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Serotonin | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | This ANS neurotransmitter slows the heart rate, relaxes the physiological state, stimulates digestion and is also thought to initiate REM sleep when most dreaming occurs. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Acetylcholine | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | A recently discovered neurotransmitter that affects pain perception, depression, appetite, short-term memory, and fertility. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Anandamide | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | This neurotransmitter is responsible for the narcotic effect of marijuana, which produces a natural high. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Anandamide | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | This inhibitory neurotransmitter appears to promotes sleep and suppresses arousal. Caffeine blocks its receptors, leading to alertness. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Adenosine | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
8139cc98____Basic_Flashcards___Cram_com__Forebrain_Midbrain_Hindbrain | This influences the release of hormones from other glands. [Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain] | Pituitary gland | []
| Brain Anatomy - Basic Flashcards - Cram.com | Forebrain Midbrain Hindbrain | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/brain-anatomy-basic-627330 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00261-ip-10-236-191-2_388356166_0.json |
31b35fd5_Exam_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__a_spinal_reflex | The primary sensory area is found in the Lobe. [a spinal reflex] | Parietal | [
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| Exam#2 Flashcards - Cram.com | a spinal reflex | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/exam2-2794189 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00148-ip-10-236-191-2_388114369_0.json |
31b35fd5_Exam_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__a_spinal_reflex | The fiber of a neuron that carries impulses toward the cell body is [a spinal reflex] | the dendrites | [
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| Exam#2 Flashcards - Cram.com | a spinal reflex | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/exam2-2794189 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00148-ip-10-236-191-2_388114369_0.json |
31b35fd5_Exam_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__a_spinal_reflex | Excess secretion of cortisol causes a disorder called [a spinal reflex] | Cushings disease | [
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| Exam#2 Flashcards - Cram.com | a spinal reflex | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/exam2-2794189 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00148-ip-10-236-191-2_388114369_0.json |
31b35fd5_Exam_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__a_spinal_reflex | Myelinated nervous tissue is described as [a spinal reflex] | white | [
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| Exam#2 Flashcards - Cram.com | a spinal reflex | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/exam2-2794189 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00148-ip-10-236-191-2_388114369_0.json |
31b35fd5_Exam_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__a_spinal_reflex | THe sympathetic nervous system can be classified as adrenergic, [a spinal reflex] | based on the main neurotransmitters used. | [
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| Exam#2 Flashcards - Cram.com | a spinal reflex | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/exam2-2794189 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00148-ip-10-236-191-2_388114369_0.json |
31b35fd5_Exam_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__a_spinal_reflex | The most superior portion of the brain stem is called [a spinal reflex] | the midbrain | [
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| Exam#2 Flashcards - Cram.com | a spinal reflex | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/exam2-2794189 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00148-ip-10-236-191-2_388114369_0.json |
31b35fd5_Exam_2_Flashcards___Cram_com__a_spinal_reflex | The maintenance of muscle tone and the coordination of signals fromthe motor cortex is the responsibility of [a spinal reflex] | The cerebellum | [
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| Exam#2 Flashcards - Cram.com | a spinal reflex | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/exam2-2794189 | 31/1438042989018.48_20150728002309-00148-ip-10-236-191-2_388114369_0.json |
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