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From which member of the Royal Family is David Cameron (British PM) directly descended? | [DOC] [TLE] Family of David CameronRelatives of the former prime minister of the United Kingdom, David Cameron, include members of the British royal family and aristocracy as well as numerous others who pursued careers in the law, politics and finance. [PAR] Immediate family [PAR] David Cameron is the younger son of stockbroker Ian Donald Cameron (12 October 1932 – 8 September 2010) and his wife Mary Fleur (born Mount, 1934), a retired Justice of the Peace and second daughter of Sir William Mount. [PAR] Cameron's father, Ian, was born with both legs deformed and underwent repeated operations to correct them. Cameron's parents were married in 1962. He was born in London, and brought up in Peasemore, Berkshire. His father was born at Blairmore House near Huntly, Aberdeenshire, and died near Toulon in France on 8 September 2010. [PAR] According to the Feminist Times, as a magistrate, Mary Cameron imposed prison sentences for anti-nuclear weapons protests at the Greenham Common Women's Peace Camp. [PAR] He has an elder brother, Alexander Cameron QC, and two sisters, Tania Rachel (born 1965) and Clare Louise (born 1971). [PAR] Ancestry [PAR] Alexander Geddes [PAR] Blairmore House, the birthplace of Ian Cameron, was built by his great-grandfather, Alexander Geddes, who had made a fortune in Chicago trading in grain and returned to Scotland in the 1880s. [PAR] Aristocracy and politics [PAR] Cameron descends from King William IV and his mistress Dorothea Jordan through their illegitimate daughter Lady Elizabeth FitzClarence to the fifth female generation Enid Agnes Maud Levita. His father's maternal grandmother, Stephanie Levita (née Cooper) was the daughter of Sir Alfred Cooper and Lady Agnes Duff (sister of Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife) and a sister of Duff Cooper, 1st Viscount Norwich , the Conservative statesman and author. His paternal grandmother, Enid Levita, who married secondly in 1961 The Hon. Robert Watson, was the daughter of Arthur Levita and niece of Sir Cecil Levita , chairman of London County Council in 1928. Through Lord Manton's family, Cameron is also a kinsman of the 3rd Baron Hesketh , Conservative Lords Chief Whip 1991–93. Cameron's maternal grandfather was Sir William Mount Bt TD DL, a British Army officer and the High Sheriff of Berkshire, and Cameron's maternal great-grandfather was Sir William Mount Bt CBE, Conservative MP for Newbury 1910–1922. Lady Ida Feilding, Cameron's great-great grandmother, was third daughter of William Feilding, Earl of Denbigh and Desmond GCH PC, a courtier and Gentleman of the Bedchamber. [PAR] David Cameron is 9th great-grandson of Sir Edmund Sawyer (died 1676), Auditor of the Exchequer and father of Sir Robert Sawyer MP, of Highclere, who served as Attorney-General during the reign of King James I and a noted barrister of his era, whose courtroom skills were commended by Samuel Pepys. [PAR] General Sir James Duff, an army officer and MP for Banffshire in Scotland during the late 1700s who owned 202 slaves, is Cameron's first cousin six times removed (and therefore, while a member of his family, is not directly his ancestor ). [PAR] Finance [PAR] David Cameron's forebears have a long history in finance. His father Ian was senior partner of the stockbrokers Panmure Gordon & Co., in which firm partnerships had long been held by Cameron's ancestors, including his grandfather and great-grandfather, and was a director of estate agent John D. Wood. His great-great grandfather Emile Levita, a German Jewish financier who obtained British citizenship in 1871, was the director of the Chartered Bank of India, Australia and China which became Standard Chartered Bank in 1969. One of Emile's sons, Arthur Levita, was also a stockbroker; he married a cousin of the royal family, Steffie Cooper. Sir Ewen Cameron, another great-great-grandfather, was London chairman of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank; he played a key role in arranging loans from the Rothschild family to Japan during the Russo-Japanese War. Great-grandfather, Ewen Allan Cameron, was partner of Panmure | cameron descends from king william iv and his mistress dorothea jordan through their illegitimate daughter lady elizabeth fitzclarence |
What is the common name for members of the plant genus Mandragora belonging to the nightshade family? | [DOC] [TLE] Nightshade | Article about nightshade by The Free DictionaryNightshade | Article about nightshade by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Nightshade | Article about nightshade by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/nightshade [PAR] Related to nightshade: deadly nightshade [PAR] nightshade, [PAR] common name for the Solanaceae, a family of herbs, shrubs, and a few trees of warm regions, chiefly tropical America. Many are climbing or creeping types, and rank-smelling foliage is typical of many species. The odor is due to the presence of various alkaloids (including scopolamine scopolamine [PAR] or hyoscine [PAR] , alkaloid drug obtained from plants of the nightshade family (Solanaceae), chiefly from henbane, Hyoscyamus niger. Structurally similar to the nerve substance acetylcholine, scopolamine acts by interfering with the transmission of nerve [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , nicotine nicotine, [PAR] C10H14N2, poisonous, pale yellow, oily liquid alkaloid with a pungent odor and an acrid taste. It turns brown on exposure to air. Nicotine, a naturally occurring constituent of tobacco, is the active ingredient in tobacco smoke. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , and atropine atropine [PAR] , alkaloid drug derived from belladonna and other plants of the family Solanaceae (nightshade family). Available either as the tincture or extract of belladonna, or as the pure substance atropine sulfate, it is a depressant of the parasympathetic nervous system. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. ), chemicals that have been used medicinally since ancient times and as stimulants, narcotics, pain relievers, poisons, and antidotes for such agents as opium and snake venom. [PAR] The chief drug plants of the family are belladonna belladonna [PAR] or deadly nightshade, [PAR] poisonous perennial plant, Atropa belladona, of the nightshade family. Native to Europe and now grown in the United States, the plant has reddish, bell-shaped flowers and shiny black berries. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. , or deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna), henbane henbane [PAR] or black henbane, [PAR] herb (Hyoscyamus niger) native to the Mediterranean region and naturalized in parts of North America. It belongs to the family Solanaceae (nightshade family) and contains a narcotic poison (similar to that of the related belladonna) [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. (Hyoscyamus niger), mandrake mandrake, [PAR] plant of the family Solanaceae (nightshade family), the source of a narcotic much used during the Middle Ages as a pain-killer and perhaps the subject of more superstition than any other plant. The true mandrakes are of the genus Mandragora (especially M. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. (Mandragora officinum), Jimson weed Jimson weed [PAR] or Jamestown weed, [PAR] large, coarse annual plant (Datura stramonium) of the family Solanaceae (nightshade family), native to warm-temperate and tropical regions of the New World, but long widely distributed and often weedy. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. (Datura stramonium and other daturas in the tropics), Brunfelsia species, and tobacco tobacco, [PAR] name for any plant of the genus Nicotiana of the Solanaceae family (nightshade family) and for the product manufactured from the leaf and used in cigars and cigarettes, snuff, and pipe and chewing tobacco. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. (Nicotiana tabacum). The Old World species figured prominently in herbals and in the magic potions of alchemy. The family also includes several important food plants, e.g., the potato potato [PAR] or white potato, [PAR] common name for a perennial plant (Solanum tuberosum) of the family Solanaceae (nightshade family) and for its swollen underground stem, a tuber, which is one of the most widely used vegetables in Western temperate climates. [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. (Solanum tuberosum), the tomato tomato, [PAR] plant (Lycopersicon esculentum) of the family Solanaceae (nightshade family), related to the potato and eggplant. Although cultivated in Mexico and Peru for centuries before the European conquest, the tomato is one of the newest plants to be used on a large scale [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. (Lycopersicon esculentum), | mandrake |
Who wrote the book 'Black Beauty? | [DOC] [TLE] Anna Sewell: The Woman Who Wrote Black Beauty ... - AlibrisAnna Sewell: The Woman Who Wrote Black Beauty: The Woman Who Wrote Black Beauty book by Susan Chitty | edition available edition | Alibris Books [PAR] Anna Sewell: The Woman Who Wrote Black Beauty: The Woman Who Wrote Black Beauty [PAR] Anna Sewell: The Woman Who Wrote Black Beauty: The Woman Who Wrote Black Beauty [PAR] + Add to Wishlist [PAR] The children's novel "Black Beauty" is estimated to have sold over thirty million copies. It is the sixth most read book in the English language and is loved by young and old alike across the globe. Yet before Susan Chitty's classic biography was first published in 1971, little was known about its author, the horse-lover who wrote her only book in her fifties, sold it outright for GBP20 and did not live to know of its colossal success. As well as penning what became probably the most successful animal story ever written, ... Read More [PAR] The children's novel "Black Beauty" is estimated to have sold over thirty million copies. It is the sixth most read book in the English language and is loved by young and old alike across the globe. Yet before Susan Chitty's classic biography was first published in 1971, little was known about its author, the horse-lover who wrote her only book in her fifties, sold it outright for GBP20 and did not live to know of its colossal success. As well as penning what became probably the most successful animal story ever written, Anna Sewell is credited with being the greatest single influence in promoting humane treatment of horses. Her extraordinary life is chronicled in this fascinating biography, updated for the twenty-first century in this beautiful edition, from the tragic accident that left her lame from the age of 14 to the writing of her best-selling novel from her death bed. Documenting Anna's strict Quaker upbringing and typically Victorian relationship with her dominating mother, "The Woman Who Wrote Black Beauty" is a must for all horse lovers and all those who still raise a tear at the thought of Beauty in the orchard at Birtwick, standing with his old friends under the apple trees. Read Less [PAR] High Rated Sellers Only (Above 4 stars) [PAR] Highest Rated Sellers Only (5 stars only) [PAR] Shipping Attribute[DOC] [TLE] Anna Sewell, author of Black Beauty, is born - Mar 30 ...Anna Sewell, author of Black Beauty, is born - Mar 30, 1820 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Anna Sewell, author of Black Beauty, is born [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Anna Sewell, author of Black Beauty, is born [PAR] Author [PAR] Anna Sewell, author of Black Beauty, is born [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Anna Sewell is born in Norfolk, England. The daughter of a successful children’s book writer, she helped edit her mother’s manuscripts from an early age but was not published herself until she was 57. Black Beauty, the first significant children’s story in the English language to focus on animal characters, established the precedent for countless other works. [PAR] Appalled by the cruel treatment of horses by some masters during her day, Sewell wrote the book “to induce kindness, sympathy, and an understanding treatment of horses.” The story, narrated by the horse, showed Black Beauty’s progression through a series of increasingly cruel owners until the exhausted, ill-treated animal collapses. In the end, the horse is saved by a kind owner. [PAR] Sewell wrote the book during the last seven years of her life, when she became an invalid confined to her home. The book was published shortly before her death in 1878 and became one of the best-loved children’s classics of all time. The book was made into a movie three times, in 1946, 1971, and 1994. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] How 'Black Beauty' Changed The Way We See Horses : NPRHow 'Black Beauty' Changed The Way We See Horses : NPR [PAR] How 'Black Beauty' Changed The Way We See Horses [PAR] Embed [PAR] Embed [PAR] How 'Black Beauty' Changed The Way We See Horses [PAR] How 'Black Beauty' Changed | anna sewell |
In which country was Che Guevara executed in 1967? | [DOC] [TLE] The Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documentsThe Death of Che Guevara: U.S. declassified documents [PAR] The Death of Che Guevara: Declassified [PAR] By Peter Kornbluh [PAR] National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 5 [PAR] For more information contact: [PAR] Peter Kornbluh 202/994-7000 or nsarchiv@gwu.edu [PAR] Washington, D.C. – On October 9th, 1967, Ernesto "Che" Guevara was put to death by Bolivian soldiers, trained, equipped and guided by U.S. Green Beret and CIA operatives. His execution remains a historic and controversial event; and thirty years later, the circumstances of his guerrilla foray into Bolivia, his capture, killing, and burial are still the subject of intense public interest and discussion around the world. [PAR] As part of the thirtieth anniversary of the death of Che Guevara, the National Security Archive's Cuba Documentation Project is posting a selection of key CIA, State Department, and Pentagon documentation relating to Guevara and his death. This electronic documents book is compiled from declassified records obtained by the National Security Archive, and by authors of two new books on Guevara: Jorge Castañeda's Compañero: The Life and Death of Che Guevara (Knopf), and Henry Butterfield Ryan's The Fall of Che Guevara (Oxford University Press). The selected documents, presented in order of the events they depict, provide only a partial picture of U.S. intelligence and military assessments, reports and extensive operations to track and "destroy" Che Guevara's guerrillas in Bolivia; thousands of CIA and military records on Guevara remain classified. But they do offer significant and valuable information on the high-level U.S. interest in tracking his revolutionary activities, and U.S. and Bolivian actions leading up to his death. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] DECLASSIFIED DOCUMENTS [PAR] CIA, The Fall of Che Guevara and the Changing Face of the Cuban Revolution, October 18, 1965 [PAR] This intelligence memorandum, written by a young CIA analyst, Brian Latell, presents an assessment that Guevara's preeminence as a leader of the Cuban revolution has waned, and his internal and international policies have been abandoned. In domestic policy, his economic strategy of rapid industrialization has "brought the economy to its lowest point since Castro came to power," the paper argues. In foreign policy, he "never wavered from his firm revolutionary stand, even as other Cuban leaders began to devote most of their attention to the internal problems of the revolution." With Guevara no longer in Cuba, the CIA's assessment concludes, "there is no doubt that Castro's more cautious position on exporting revolution, as well as his different economic approach, led to Che's downfall." [PAR] [PAR] U.S. Army, Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Activation, Organization and Training of the 2d Battalion - Bolivian Army, April 28, 1967 [PAR] This memorandum of understanding, written by the head of the U.S. MILGP (Military Group) in Bolivia and signed by the commander of the Bolivian armed forces, created the Second Ranger Battalion to pursue Che Guevara's guerrilla band. The agreement specifies the mission of a sixteen-member Green Beret team of U.S. special forces, drawn from the 8th Special Forces division of the U.S. Army Forces at Southcom in Panama, to "produce a rapid reaction force capable of counterinsurgency operations and skilled to the degree that four months of intensive training can be absorbed by the personnel presented by the Bolivian Armed Forces." In October, the 2nd Battalion, aided by U.S. military and CIA personnel, did engage and capture Che Guevara's small band of rebels. [PAR] [PAR] White House Memorandum, May 11, 1967 [PAR] This short memo to President Lyndon Johnson records U.S. efforts to track Guevara's movements, and keep the President informed of his whereabouts. Written by presidential advisor, Walt Rostow, the memo reports that Guevara may be "operational" and not dead as the CIA | bolivia |
Britain France and who fought the battle of Trafalgar? | [DOC] [TLE] Battle of Trafalgar - Oct 21, 1805 - HISTORY.comBattle of Trafalgar - Oct 21, 1805 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Battle of Trafalgar [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] In one of the most decisive naval battles in history, a British fleet under Admiral Lord Nelson defeats a combined French and Spanish fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar, fought off the coast of Spain. [PAR] At sea, Lord Nelson and the Royal Navy consistently thwarted Napoleon Bonaparte, who led France to preeminence on the European mainland. Nelson’s last and greatest victory against the French was the Battle of Trafalgar, which began after Nelson caught sight of a Franco-Spanish force of 33 ships. Preparing to engage the enemy force on October 21, Nelson divided his 27 ships into two divisions and signaled a famous message from the flagship Victory: “England expects that every man will do his duty.” [PAR] In five hours of fighting, the British devastated the enemy fleet, destroying 19 enemy ships. No British ships were lost, but 1,500 British seamen were killed or wounded in the heavy fighting. The battle raged at its fiercest around the Victory, and a French sniper shot Nelson in the shoulder and chest. The admiral was taken below and died about 30 minutes before the end of the battle. Nelson’s last words, after being informed that victory was imminent, were “Now I am satisfied. Thank God I have done my duty.” [PAR] Victory at the Battle of Trafalgar ensured that Napoleon would never invade Britain. Nelson, hailed as the savior of his nation, was given a magnificent funeral in St. Paul’s Cathedral in London. A column was erected to his memory in the newly named Trafalgar Square, and numerous streets were renamed in his honor. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] The Battle of Trafalgar - BBCBBC - History - British History in depth: The Battle of Trafalgar [PAR] Print this page [PAR] Global power [PAR] The Battle of Trafalgar was to witness both the defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte's plans to invade Britain, and the death of Admiral Lord Nelson. It was never going to be any ordinary battle, and quickly acquired a heightened, almost magical, reality. [PAR] ...the Royal Navy annihilated the greatest threat to British security for 200 years ... [PAR] During the engagement at Trafalgar, on 21 October 1805, the Royal Navy annihilated the greatest threat to British security for 200 years, but lost Britain's national hero in the process. Little wonder the battle transcended the mundane calculation of ships and men, victory and defeat. It guaranteed Britain's control of the oceans, the basis of her global power for over a century. [PAR] By 1805 Nelson was already a national hero, and considered the ultimate naval commander. His elevated conception of war ensured that every battle he fought was used to solve major strategic problems, and his many successes ensured he was the only contemporary to rival Bonaparte as ultimate exemplar of total war. Nor did Bonaparte disagree - he kept a bust of Nelson in his private quarters. [PAR] Nelson developed the art of war at sea to the new, terrible form he characterised as 'annihilation' to counter the war effort of Napoleonic France. He did so by taking the command system of Admiral Sir John Jervis, the tough old officer who taught him how to keep a fleet efficient, and melding it with the genius for battle and strategy he developed while serving under Admiral Lord Hood. [PAR] Nelson used this combination of strategic flair and practical management to help Britain survive the 22 year struggle with Revolutionary and Napoleonic France. He understood that invasion by France was the least of Britain's worries - the real threat was the destruction of her global commercial system. [PAR] Top [PAR] Defensive strategy [PAR] HMS 'Victory' - in dry dock in Portsmouth © In 1803 the Peace of Amiens - a temporary armed truce between Britain and France - broke down, and for nearly two years British strategy rested on the defensive, waiting for the French navy to make the first move. Late in 1804, however, Spain joined the war as an ally of France, giving Napoleon the ships he needed to challenge Britain. [PAR] This was the context of Trafalgar. Napoleon was looking for | spain |
"Which French Post-Impressionist painter produced the works ""Surprised!"", ""In a Tropical Forest"", ""Combat of a Tiger and a Buffalo"" and ""The Football Players""?" | [DOC] [TLE] Henri Rousseau,P.-I.Naive art,Privimitivism on Pinterest ...1000+ images about Henri Rousseau,P.-I.Naive art,Privimitivism on Pinterest | Henri rousseau, Portrait and Jaguar [PAR] Pinterest • The world’s catalog of ideas [PAR] Henri Rousseau,P.-I.Naive art,Privimitivism [PAR] Henri Julien Félix Rousseau (1844-1910),was French Post-Impressionist painter in the Naive or Primitive manner.He was Self-taught genius whouse works are of high artistic quality. [PAR] 78 Pins180 Followers[DOC] [TLE] Henri Julien Rousseau - The complete works - Page 1Henri Julien Rousseau - The complete works - Page 1 [PAR] Of The Artist With A Lamp [PAR] Henri Julien Felix Rousseau (May 21, 1844 - September 2, 1910) was a French Post-Impressionist painter in the Naive or Primitive manner. He is also known as Le Douanier (the customs officer) after his place of employment. Ridiculed during his life, he came to be recognized as a self-taught genius whose works are of high artistic quality. [PAR] He was born in Laval in the Loire Valley into the family of a plumber. He attended Laval High School as a day student and then as a boarder, after his father became a debtor and his parents had to leave the town upon the seizure of their house. He was mediocre in some subjects at the high school but won prizes for drawing and music. He worked for a lawyer and studied law, but "attempted a small perjury and sought refuge in the army," serving for four years, starting in 1863.[DOC] [TLE] Henri Rousseau on Pinterest | Jungles, Naive Art and ...1000+ images about Henri Rousseau on Pinterest | Henri rousseau, Rainforests and Moma [PAR] Pinterest • The world’s catalog of ideas [PAR] Henri Rousseau [PAR] Henri Julien Félix Rousseau (May 21, 1844 – September 2, 1910) was a French Post-Impressionist painter in the Naïve or Primitive manner.He was also known as Le Douanier (the customs officer), a humorous description of his occupation as a toll collector.Ridiculed during his lifetime, he came to be recognized as a self-taught genius whose works are of high artistic quality. [PAR] 84 Pins70 Followers[DOC] [TLE] Factacular : Name the Painter - Post - ImpressionistFactacular : Name the Painter - Post - Impressionist [PAR] Name the Painter - Post - Impressionist [PAR] Your overall rating on Name the Painter - Post - Impressionist = [PAR] 0% [PAR] Play a Rally Game on Name the Painter - Post - Impressionist [PAR] The Post-Impressionist topic includes a variety of artistic styles including Neo-Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Nabilism, Intimism and Pointilism, mostly produced in the last 20 years of the 19th Century. Facts included in this topic are the most popular paintings of key artists listed on the Wikipedia, Wikiart, WikiMedia Commons, Google Art Project, The Atheneum, Olga's Gallery and/or the Web Gallery of Art websites. [PAR] 135 facts: [PAR] painted [PAR] Colonel T.E. Lawrence; 1919; Welsh; Post-Impressionism; Tate Britain, London, England; oil on canvas; 80 x 60 cm [PAR] painted [PAR] The Blue Pool; 1911; Welsh; Post-Impressionism; Aberdeen Art Gallery, Scotland; oil on canvas; 30 x 51 cm [PAR] Augustus John [PAR] painted [PAR] The Marchesa Casati (La marquise Casati); 1919; Welsh; Post-Impressionism; The Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, Canada; oil on canvas; 99 x 69 cm [PAR] Clarence Gagnon [PAR] painted [PAR] March in the Birch Woods; 1919; Canadian; Post-Impressionism; Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, Canada; oil on canvas; 74 x 91 cm [PAR] Clarence Gagnon [PAR] painted [PAR] The Laurentians, Baie St. Paul; 1927; Canadian; Post-Impressionism; Musée National des Beaux-Arts du Québec, Canada; oil on canvas; 73 x 92 cm [PAR] Clarence Gagnon [PAR] painted [PAR] The Two Beaches, Paramé, Saint-Malo; 1908; Canadian; Post-Impressionism; Beaverbrook Art Gallery, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada; oil on canvas; 124 x 171 cm [PAR] Clarence Gagnon [PAR] painted [PAR] The Yellow House; 1912 | henri rousseau |
Who won the 2011 Booker Prize for 'The Sense of an Ending'? | [DOC] [TLE] Barnes wins Booker Prize for 'The Sense of an Ending ...W5 Team [PAR] Barnes wins Booker Prize for 'The Sense of an Ending' [PAR] Man Booker prize shortlisted authors, from left to right, Carol Birch, Stephen Kelman, Patrick deWitt, Esi Edugyan, and A.D. Miller, pose for the photographers holding copies of their books during a media event in a central London hotel, Monday, Oct. 17, 2011. (AP Photo/Lefteris Pitarakis) [PAR] The Associated Press [PAR] Published Tuesday, October 18, 2011 4:57PM EDT [PAR] LONDON - British writer Julian Barnes has won the prestigious Booker Prize for fiction for his novel "The Sense of an Ending." [PAR] Judges announced the winner of the 50,000 pound ($82,000) prize Tuesday at a ceremony in London. [PAR] Barnes, who has been a finalist three times before, beat books by British writers Stephen Kelman and Carol Birch and Canadians Esi Edugyan and Patrick deWitt. [PAR] The award is open to writers from Britain, Ireland and the 54-nation Commonwealth of former British colonies. [PAR] Photos [PAR] British author Julian Barnes with his book 'The Sense of an Ending' , winner of the 2011 Man Booker Prize for fiction poses at a photocall in London, Tuesday, Oct. 18, 2011. (AP Photo/Kirsty Wigglesworth)[DOC] [TLE] Booker prize 2011: Julian Barnes triumphs at last | Books ...Booker prize 2011: Julian Barnes triumphs at last | Books | The Guardian [PAR] Books [PAR] Booker prize 2011: Julian Barnes triumphs at last [PAR] Fourth time lucky for Julian Barnes, who wins the Man Booker prize 2011 for his novel The Sense of an Ending after missing out on three previous occasions [PAR] Author Julian Barnes smiles after winning the 2011 Man Booker Prize for Fiction with his book The Sense of an Ending at the Guildhall in London. Photograph: Luke Macgregor/Reuters [PAR] Tuesday 18 October 2011 19.15 EDT [PAR] First published on Tuesday 18 October 2011 19.15 EDT [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 5 years old [PAR] Julian Barnes finally won the literary prize that has eluded him on three previous occasions when he was tonight presented with the Man Booker prize for his short novel, The Sense of an Ending . [PAR] His victory came after one of the most bitter and vituperative run-ups to the prize in living memory - not among the shortlisted writers, but from dismayed and bemused commentators who accused judges of putting populism above genuine quality . [PAR] But few of those critics could claim Barnes' novel is not of the highest quality. The chair of this year's judges, former MI5 director general Stella Rimington, said it had "the markings of a classic of English Literature. It is exquisitely written, subtly plotted and reveals new depths with each reading." [PAR] Much of the row over the shortlist has stemmed from Rimington's own prioritisation of "readability" in the judging criteria. But tonight, she said quality had always been just as important. [PAR] "It is a very readable book, if I may use that word, but readable not only once but twice and even three times," she said. "It is incredibly concentrated. Crammed into this short space is a great deal of information which you don't get out of a first read." [PAR] Accepting the prize, Barnes thanked the judges for their wisdom and the sponsors for their cheque. He also offered some advice to publishers: "Those of you who have seen my book, whatever you think of its contents, will probably agree it is a beautiful object. And if the physical book, as we've come to call it, is to resist the challenge of the ebook, it has to look like something worth buying, worth keeping." [PAR] Afterwards Barnes admitted a sense of relief at finally winning. "I didn't want to go to my grave and get a Beryl," he said referring to Bainbridge, who was shortlisted five times, never won and received a posthumous Best of Beryl Booker prize . [PAR] He said the "readability" row had been "a false hare" to which he had paid little attention, adding: "Most great books are readable. Any shortlist of the last ten | julian barnes |
What African-American athlete defied Hitler's theories of racial superiority by winning four gold medals at the Berlin Olympics? | [DOC] [TLE] THE 1936 OLYMPICS - GREY FALCONThe 1936 Berlin Olympics [PAR] The 1936 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad, were held in 1936 in Berlin, Germany. Berlin won the bid to host the games, with the International Olympic Committee choosing Berlin over Barcelona in April, 1931. Although the bid was won before the Nazi Party gained power in Germany, some leaders in the government saw the Olympics as an opportunity to promote their Nazi ideology. Hitler was convinced by Josef G�bbels to allow the games to take place in Germany. Preparation for the games started in the early 1930s. Hitler used the Olympics as a tool for propaganda. Film-maker Leni Riefenstahl, a favorite of Hitler, was commissioned by the International Olympic Committee to film the Games. The film, titled "Olympia", originated many of the techniques now commonplace to the filming of sports. [PAR] By allowing only members of the "Aryan race" to compete for Germany, Hitler further promoted his ideological belief of racial supremacy. Although Germany won most of the medals in the Olympics, other athletes, such as African-American athlete Jesse Owens, who won four gold medals, showed great athleticism through performance. [PAR] [PAR] Hitler removed signs stating "Jews not wanted" and similar slogans from the main tourist attractions. Hitler desired to clean up Berlin, the German Ministry of Interior authorized the chief of Berlin Police to arrest all gypsies and keep them in a special camp. Nazi officials ordered that foreign visitors should not be subjected to the criminal strictures of anti-homosexual laws. [PAR] [PAR] Total ticket revenues were 7.5 million Reichsmarks, with a profit of over 1 million marks. The official budget did not include outlays by the city of Berlin (which issued an itemized report detailing its costs of 16.5 million marks) or the German National Government (which did not make its costs public, but is estimated to have spent US$30 million in mostly capital outlays) [PAR] Dispute over boycott of the Olympics in the U.S [PAR] During the 1936 summer Olympics, there were many different views on whether the games should be allowed or discontinued. The people who voiced their opinions on the debate included Americans Avery Brundage, Ernest Lee Jahncke, and Judge Jeremiah Mahoney. The United States considered boycotting the Olympic games, since participating in the festivity might be considered as support for the Nazi Germany regime and its anti-Semitic policies. However, others argued that the Olympic Games should not be a reflection of political views but strictly a contest of the greatest athletes. [PAR] [PAR] Avery Brundage, President of the American Olympic Committee was against the boycott, stating that the Jewish athletes were being treated fairly and that the games should continue. Brundage believed that politics played no role in sports, and they should be considered two different entities during the controversial Olympics. He explained stating, �The very foundation of the modern Olympic revival will be undermined if individual countries are allowed to restrict participation by reason of class, creed, or race.� Brundage also believed that there was a �Jewish-Communist conspiracy� that existed to keep the United States out of competing in the Olympic games. [PAR] [PAR] Unlike Brundage, Jeremiah Mahoney was against the Olympics and supported a boycott against the games. Mahoney, president of the Amateur Athletic Union, led newspaper editors and anti-Nazi groups to protest against an American team participating in the Berlin Olympics. Mahoney contested that discrimination went against Olympic rules and participation showed support for Hitler�s Reich. [PAR] [PAR] African Americans and Jewish Americans also expressed their opinions for or against American participation. Most African American newspapers supported the Olympics. "The Philadelphia Tribune" and "The Chicago Defender" both agreed that Black victories would undermine Nazi views of Aryan supremacy. They believed it would spark more Black pride at home. American Jewish organizations opposed the Olympics. The American Jewish Congress and the Jewish Labor Committee staged rallies and supported the boycott of German goods to show their disdain for American participation. [PAR] [PAR] Eventually, Avery Brundage won the debate, manipulating the Amateur Athletic Union to close a vote in favor of sending an American team to the Berlin Olympics, winning by only two and a half votes | jesse owens |
What's capital of The Peoples Democratic Republic of Yemen? | [DOC] [TLE] Yemen - The New York TimesYemen - The New York Times [PAR] The New York Times [PAR] Yemen [PAR] News about Yemen , including commentary and archival articles published in The New York Times. More [PAR] Yemen, officially the Republic of Yemen, is located on the southern edge of the Arabian Peninsula, bounded by the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea to the south, the Red Sea to the west, Saudi Arabia to the north and Oman to the east. Yemen has long served as a crossroads between East and West, particularly the port city of Aden, which is situated conveniently for maritime trade routes from Europe to India and countries further east. [PAR] Yemen’s history is characterized by conflict; rarely has the region that constitutes modern-day Yemen been controlled in its entirety by a single power. The area gained its independence in the early 20th century, with the Yemen Arab Republic established in the north in 1962 and the People’s Democratic Republic of Yemen established in the south in 1970. [PAR] Present-day Yemen was formed when the northern and southern states unified in 1990, with Ali Abdullah Saleh, president of the north, named president, and Ali Salim al-Beidh, president of the south, named vice president. Civil war broke out in 1994, which led to the North Yemen army occupying the South. Saleh, who was elected in a landslide in the first democratic election held in the country in 1999, would serve as president up until the 2011 Yemeni revolution; the country has been in a state of crisis ever since. [PAR] Al Qaeda has been active in Yemen since at least 2000, when it claimed responsibility for the suicide bombing of the United States naval vessel the USS Cole. In 2009, branches of the terrorist organization from Saudi Arabia and Yemen combined to form Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula , which has been targeted by U.S. drone strikes. [PAR] Saudi Arabia is currently in charge of a coalition trying to stanch rebellion by Houthis, an insurgent group from northwestern Yemen that has managed to take over large parts of the country, including, at times, the capital of Sana, and has forced the government of President Abdu Rabbu Mansour Hadi into exile. The Houthis are allied with former President Saleh, and are said to be backed by Iran. [PAR] Keep up to date on breaking news in Yemen and explore our extensive archive below.[DOC] [TLE] Yemen: Maps, History, Geography, Government, Culture ...Yemen: Maps, History, Geography, Government, Culture, Facts, Guide & Travel/Holidays/Cities [PAR] The Islamic State Claims Responsibility for Mosque Attacks as Violence Escalates in Yemen [PAR] Geography [PAR] Formerly divided into two nations, the People's Democratic Republic of Yemen and the Yemen Arab Republic, the Republic of Yemen occupies the southwest tip of the Arabian Peninsula on the Red Sea opposite Ethiopia and extends along the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula on the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean. Saudi Arabia is to the north and Oman is to the east. The country is about the size of France. A 700-mile (1,130-km) narrow coastal plain in the south gives way to a mountainous region and then a plateau area. [PAR] History [PAR] The history of Yemen dates back to the Minaean (1200–650 B.C. ) and Sabaean (750–115 B.C. ) kingdoms. Ancient Yemen (centered around the port of Aden) engaged in the lucrative myrrh and frankincense trade. It was invaded by the Romans (1st century A.D. ) as well as the Ethiopians and Persians (6th century A.D. ). In A.D. 628 it converted to Islam and in the 10th century came under the control of the Rassite dynasty of the Zaidi sect, which remained involved in North Yemeni politics until 1962. The Ottoman Turks nominally occupied the area from 1538 to the decline of their empire in 1918. [PAR] The northern portion of Yemen was ruled by imams until a pro-Egyptian military coup took place in 1962. The junta proclaimed the Yemen Arab Republic, and after a civil war in which Egypt's Nasser and the USSR supported the revolutionaries and King Saud of | aden |
For what does the first 'S' stand in SMS? | [DOC] [TLE] MMS vs SMS - Difference and Comparison | DiffenMMS vs SMS - Difference and Comparison | Diffen [PAR] MMS vs. SMS [PAR] Diffen › Technology › Telecommunications [PAR] SMS (Short Message Service) and MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service) are both used in mobile phones for non-voice communications. Some landline phones also have SMS capability. While both SMS and MMS stand for the service, the abbreviations are often used in common parlance to mean the actual message itself that is sent using the service. [PAR] Comparison chart [PAR] MMS versus SMS comparison chart [PAR] MMS [PAR] Short Message Service [PAR] Transmission mechanism [PAR] Messages are sent to the message center. They are then sent to the recipient via the internet, if the phone supports MMS formats. If it doesn't, the MMS can be viewed in a web browser. [PAR] Message centers are responsible for sending and receiving texts . They also try to re-send messages if they failed in the first try. [PAR] Challenges [PAR] Spamming, content adaptation, distribution lists, poor handset capabilities [PAR] Spoofing and spamming [PAR] 1.3 billion active users, 50 billion MMS messages, $26 billion revenue (in 2008) [PAR] 4.1 trillion SMS text messages were sent generating a revenue of $81 billion (in 2008) [PAR] Contents: MMS vs SMS [PAR] 6 References [PAR] Definitions [PAR] SMS is the abbreviation for Short Message Service and is the text communication service component of a phone or mobile communication system, using standardized communications protocols that allow the exchange of short text messages between fixed line or mobile phone devices. [PAR] MMS is the abbreviation for Multimedia Messaging Service and is a standard way to send messages that include multimedia content to and from mobile phones. [PAR] History and Evolution [PAR] The SMS concept was developed in the Franco-German GSM cooperation in 1984 by Friedhelm Hillebrand and Bernard Ghillebaert and Oculy Silaban. The first SMS message was sent over the Vodafone GSM network in the United Kingdom on 3 December 1992. In 2008, 4.1 trillion SMS text messages were sent. SMS has become a massive commercial industry, worth over 81 billion dollars globally as of 2006. [PAR] The immediate predecessor to the MMS was the Japanese picture messaging system Sha-Mail introduced by J-Phone in 2001. Early MMS deployments were plagued by technical issues and frequent consumer disappointments but China was one of the early markets to make MMS a major commercial success. In Europe, the most advanced MMS market in 2008 was in Norway, where most Norwegian mobile users sent an average of one MMS per week. [PAR] By 2008 worldwide MMS usage level had passed 1.3 billion active users who generated 50 billion MMS messages and produced annual revenues of 26 billion dollars. [PAR] Transmission Gateways and Mechanism [PAR] SMS Gateways [PAR] Short texts are sent to the Short Message Service Center (SMSC) which provides a store and forward mechanism. The message is either sent or queued for retry if the first attempt fails. Some centers also accommodate a ‘forward and forget’ option where the message is sent once and then discarded. This service can be availed of, by users who send a message from a cell phone or receive a text message on it. Customers can always request for delivery reports to confirm if their messages have been received by the other party. [PAR] MMS Transmission [PAR] The initial process of sending and receiving an MMS is the same as receiving an SMS. The process changes when the message center has to forward the MMS to the recipient. If the receiver of the message is on another carrier, then the MMS is sent via the internet to the recipient’s carrier. It is then determined by the message center if the recipient’s handset is capable of receiving an MMS. If yes, a URL is sent to the phone as a text message in order to let the browser in the phone display the content. If the MMS viewing facility is not available, then the recipient can simply view the message in a web browser. [PAR] Problems and Pitfalls of SMS vs MMS [PAR] For consumers [PAR] Challenges associated with sending an SMS include spoofing and spamming. Spoofing is a process by which a fraudster impersonates a user by manipulating the address information and sends messages to the home network. Consumers may give away their | short |
In which English county is the small village of Burnham Thorpe, famous for being the birthplace of Admiral Nelson? | [DOC] [TLE] Find Nelson in Norfolk | 10/12/2014 | History and Heritage ...Discover Nelson in Norfolk [PAR] Where to Stay [PAR] Discover Nelson in Norfolk [PAR] We’re very proud here in Norfolk that we gave our country its greatest naval. And here’s how you can discover Horatio Nelson in his home county. [PAR] ‘I am a Norfolk man and glory in being so,’ said Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson. [PAR] Nelson Vice Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson is Norfolk’s most famous son (you’ll see we call ourselves Nelson’s County on the signs coming in) and there is plenty to discover about him here. A good starting point is the Nelson Museum in Great Yarmouth, a museum dedicated to his life and times. Here you can find out about his early years in Norfolk as well as his naval career, personal life and death at the Battle of Trafalgar on October 21, 1805 when he famously exclaimed: ‘Now I am satisfied – thank God I have done my duty’. [PAR] The museum, with over 1000 objects, has something for everyone - children (and adults) particularly enjoy the Life Below Decks experience and Maritime Courtyard where they can indulge in a picnic and play sailors’ games. [PAR] Nelson was no stranger to Great Yarmouth. While here in 1800 after belatedly returning from The Battle of the Nile, he famously declared, ‘I am myself a Norfolk man and glory in being so!’ [PAR] After arriving on November 6 crowds unharnessed the horses from Nelson’s carriage and hauled it themselves to the Wrestlers Inn on Church Plain, where the widowed landlady Mrs Suckling begged permission to rename the hostelry The Nelson Arms. ‘That would be absurd,’ retorted Nelson, ‘seeing that I have but one’. [PAR] During his stay, accompanied by Lady Emma Hamilton, he received the Freedom of the Borough. At the swearing-in ceremony he put his left hand on the Bible. The clerk said, ‘Your right hand, my lord,’ and Nelson famously replied: ‘That is in Tenerife’. [PAR] Nelson found himself in Great Yarmouth again in 1801, preparing to sail to the Baltic for what would be the Battle of Copenhagen, during which under heavy bombardment he refused orders to withdraw. He raised his telescope to his dead eye and said: ‘I really do not see the signal’. [PAR] Returning to the port he walked across the Denes to the Naval Hospital where he spent three hours with wounded seamen. Seeing a man with an empty sleeve like himself, he remarked: ‘There Jack, you and I are spoilt for fishermen’. [PAR] Tucked away in the South Denes industrial area of the town is the Grade I listed monument erected by the people of Norfolk to Nelson’s memory. Completed in 1819 and standing at 144 feet, 24 years before the column in Trafalgar Square, it is well worth a look. On Sundays during the summer it is open for ascents to the top and once you have climbed the 217 steps there are stunning views over the town and surrounding countryside. [PAR] Inscribed at the base of the monument are Nelson’s victories – St Vincent, Aboukir (The Nile), Copenhagen and Trafalgar – and an inscription in Latin: ‘This great man Norfolk boasts her own, not only as born there of a respectable family, and as there having received his early education, but her own also in talents, manners and mind’. [PAR] The figure of Britannia tops the pedestal, facing inland, possibly towards Nelson’s birthplace in north Norfolk. Don’t believe anyone who tells you that it was a mistake that so embarrassed the architect he threw himself off the top, although it’s true that an acrobat named Marsh fell to his death after slipping while climbing down from Britannia’s shoulders in 1863. Oh yes, and the town surveyor did collapse and die while inspecting the monument in 1819. [PAR] You can find a little more of Nelson in Norwich, where he attended Norwich Grammar School within the cathedral precinct in 1767. The city paid 800 guineas in 1847 for the Thomas Milnes statue of Nelson which resides in Cathedral Close, facing the school. Nelson was later educated at the | norfolk |
Pegasus airlines are based in which country? | [DOC] [TLE] Pegasus Airlines Flights, Tickets & Promo Codes – OneTravelPegasus Airlines Flights, Tickets & Promo Codes – OneTravel [PAR] [PAR] Pegasus Airlines Flights! [PAR] Book Pegasus Airlines flights on OneTravel and save on airfares! Turkey's only private airline, Pegasus Airlines (PC) is one of those few low cost airlines that have brought the comfort of air travel within everyone's reach. The airline is renowned for its network and offers scheduled domestic and international flights to 73 destinations in 30 countries including Russia, Middle East, Europe and Caucasia. Some of the famous destinations covered by Pegasus include Tehran, Vienna, Brussels, Sofia, Copenhagen, Berlin, Cologne, Munich, Hamburg, Amsterdam and Geneva. [PAR] Despite of being a low cost airline, the range of services offered by the airline is truly impressive. Passengers enjoy free online check-in, free baggage allowance up to 30 kg and get to choose from warm or cold meals in the Flight Cafe. Equipped with 45 world class aircrafts and ranking safety before anything else, flying with Pegasus Airlines is certainly an experience to cherish. In fact the airline has been constantly ranked among the 'Best On-time Airlines'. Grab Pegasus airfare deals on OneTravel and fly high to your dream destination! [PAR] Other Airlines[DOC] [TLE] Pegasus Airlines (PC) : Find Pegasus Airlines Flights and ...Pegasus Airlines (PC) : Find Pegasus Airlines Flights and Deals – CheapOair [PAR] Sample Deals from [PAR] [PAR] * All fares below were last found on: . Fares are round trip. Fares incl. all fuel surcharges, our service fees and taxes . Displayed fares are based on historical data, are subject to change and cannot be guaranteed at the time of booking. See all booking terms and conditions [PAR] To Depart Return Sample Fares* [PAR] Call 1-855-437-2161 for deals too good to be published.Call 1-855-437-2161 for deals too good to be published. [PAR] Pegasus Plus [PAR] Pegasus Plus [PAR] The Pegasus Plus Program offers customers great deals and packages in turn for their loyalty. Travelers earn flight points for their travel and purchases made on board which can be redeemed to pay for their taxes and flight charges. They also become eligible for special travel offers. [PAR] Featured Destination: Istanbul [PAR] Featured Destination: Istanbul [PAR] Enjoy a memorable vacation in the historic and multicultural city of Istanbul. Situated on the crossroads of Europe and Asia, visitors can rejuvenate in historical hamams, fall in love with the exotic ambiance of the Old Town, appreciate rare art at the museums present in the city. Make sure you take the exciting Bosphorous Cruise and shop for antiques and souvenirs on Silk Road. [PAR] Pegasus Airlines Alternatives with CheapOair [PAR] Ranked among Europe's fastest growing airlines and leading on-time performers, Pegasus Airlines (PC) is a low cost airline based in Turkey. The airline started its domestic operations in 2005 and currently flies to more than 70 destinations across 30 countries. Some of the famous destinations that the airline covers are Amsterdam, Berlin, Brussels, Paris, Hamburg, Geneva, Frankfurt, Manchester and many more. The airline enjoys a world class fleet of about 45 aircrafts and ranks your safety before anything else. With the mission to bring air travel within everyone's reach by offering low cost domestic and international flights, Pegasus Airlines is here to revolutionize the aviation sector. [PAR] In-Flight Amenities [PAR] Pegasus Airlines Cabins Renowned for its excellent customer service, the Pegasus experience would surely impress you. The low cost airline offers services like free online check-in, extra comfortable seats and free baggage limit up to 30kg. Passengers get to choose between hot and cold meals on-board. Food is prepared fresh and is certain to pamper your taste buds. On selected flights, passengers can also keep track of their flight's progress using a computer generated map which flashes on their overhead screens. [PAR] Web Check-In [PAR] Passengers can check-in online from their phones or computers and escape the long queues at the airport. The facility is available from 48 hours up to 3 hours before the flight's scheduled departure time. [PAR] Get there on | turkey |
Name only boxer to win a world title who never had a manager? | [DOC] [TLE] Top 10 Winningest Boxers of All Time - TheRicheststumbleupon [PAR] Email [PAR] Comment [PAR] If the words breadbasket, catcher, chin and combination have multiple meanings to you, then you may find many familiar names on this list. For the casual boxing observer, this list will have a host of fighters with storied histories of fighting yet unbeknownst to them. One thing is true of all these men; they are grinders, fighting veterans who’ve had their hands raised far more times than they’ve felt the floor. [PAR] Boxing, however, is a very interpreted sport. These fighters may have won a staggering number of fights, but they aren’t all necessarily regarded as the best boxers of all time (our number #3 on this list often is, though). Household names like Floyd Mayweather Jr. and Muhammad Ali are spoken of commonly as some of the best ever (Mayweather’s story is not yet fully written, though). The list below is more of the iron men of sport, having endured and won hundreds of fights. . . And getting punched in the face thousands and thousands of times. I mean, is someone counting? The amount of times you’ve been punched in the face would be a heck of a way to reflect on one’s career. [PAR] 10. Marcel Cerdan: 106-4 [PAR] This North African Frenchman born in Algeria is an iconic athlete in French sports history. Of his four defeats, he was disqualified twice, lost once by a dubious split decision, and his only other loss came when he suffered a shoulder injury mid-fight against Jake LaMotta (the boxer Raging Bull was based on) while defending his World Middleweight title. He is regarded as the best boxer in French history, starting his career with 48 wins before suffering his first loss. During World War II he won the inter-allied boxing championship in 1944 (that must not have gone over well with the Brits and the Yanks). He is rated for fighting at Middleweight and spend most of his career as such. Cerdan has had 66 of his victories by knockout, and he has been inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame. He also is famous for his tragic death at age 33, when an Air France flight to New York crashed in the Azores–Cerdan was one of 48 people aboard who died. [PAR] 9. Julio Cesar Chavez: 108-6-2 [PAR] Another famous boxer who is hailed as the premiere fighter of his country, Chavez is often regarded as the best boxer ever to have come from Mexico. Over his 25-year career Chavez amassed 5 championships in three different divisions: Super Featherweight, Lightweight and Light Welterweight. Son of a railroad worker, Chavez attributed his rise in boxing to a drive to make money, after growing up in poverty and watching his parents work tirelessly. He began at the age of 16, with his pro debut when he was 17–he knocked out his first opponent, Miguel Ruiz, in the first round. Over his career Chavez has records for most successful defenses of world titles with 27 (21 of those being knockouts); most title fights with 37; and most title fight victories with 31. He also holds the longest undefeated streak in boxing history– 13 years, 89-0-1 before he suffered his first defeat. Clearly, he earned his way into the International Boxing Hall of Fame; but despite his success he struggled heavily with alcohol and drug abuse. His son Julio Cesar Chavez Jr. followed his footsteps into boxing, and is a former Middleweight champion. Some life it must be to be a champion and forever pale in comparison to your father, eh? [PAR] 8. Tony Canzoneri: 137-24-10 [PAR] An unknown, hard-nosed young man’s life is upended as his family uproots from Slidell Louisiana to move to Staten Island, New York. That particular Italian American boy had found himself in the promised land of boxing, for which he would discover he had a undeniable penchant. Tony Canzoneri was his name. standing at 5’4″ he would go on to win five world titles over the course of his career. At the | jake lamotta |
What is the strongest muscle in the human body? | [DOC] [TLE] Strongest Muscle in the Human Body - BuzzleStrongest Muscle in the Human Body: It's NOT the One You Imagined [PAR] Follow Us [PAR] Strongest Muscle in the Human Body: It's NOT the One You Imagined [PAR] Wondering which is the strongest muscle in the human body, from the huge number of more than 600 muscles present? Well, the answer is not a straight forward one. Just as no organ can be singled out as the most important organ, we cannot single out a particular muscle as the strongest muscle in the human body. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] The human body is a unique and intelligently designed structure, with a complex network of muscles enveloping it. Muscles form about 40% of the total body weight. They are contractile tissues, that are formed from the mesodermal layer of the embryonic germ cells. [PAR] The various movements we make with our bodies like walking, talking, lifting, smiling, shivering, etc. are all controlled by the different muscles of the body. Besides bringing about movement, the muscles are also responsible for heat generation and maintaining posture. The uniqueness about muscles is that they never stop working. Even while sleeping, the muscles are contracting to maintain posture. They only stop completely when a person is unconscious, and that's when the body is said to be in a state of complete rest. However, the question here is which is the strongest muscle in the human body. There is a lot of debate over strongest muscle with respective to force, weight, or size. Let us find a definite answer to the question. [PAR] Which is the Strongest Muscle in the Body? [PAR] The human body comprises over 630 muscles, and to narrow down on the strongest one is not an easy task. This is because each muscle is different in its own way, and cannot be compared on common ground. Some muscles are present individually and some form a group of muscles. Then again some muscles are present in different parts of the body, while muscles like the cardiac muscles are restricted to the heart. So on what basis do we measure the strength? [PAR] There is a lot of debate on which is the strongest muscle in the human body. While some title the 'masseter' (jaw muscle) to be the strongest muscle, others say the tongue is the strongest muscle. Moreover, muscles like gluteus maximus, external muscles of the eye, heart muscles, uterine muscles and gastrocnemius muscle, are also competing for the strongest muscle title. So who's the winner? [PAR] The problem with strength is that it there is no single platform to measure total strength. Strength can be measured based on different parameters, such as maximum force (absolute maximum strength), repeated motion (dynamic strength), exertion of force quickly (elastic strength), ability to withstand fatigue (strength endurance), etc. Different muscles in the body rate differently based on these parameters. Let's find out how different muscles rank based on these parameters. [PAR] Strongest Muscle Relative to its Strength: Jaw Muscle/Masseter [PAR] If the muscle that is able to exert maximum force on an external object is said to be the strongest muscle, then the jaw muscle/masseter can be titled as the strongest muscle in the human body. The masseter works against a shorter lever arm compared to other muscles, and generates the most externally measurable force than any other single muscle can generate. [PAR] The jaw muscle lifts the lower jaw, so as to close the mouth while chewing. The multipennate arrangement of fibers gives it the strength for this. The masseter entered the Guinness Book of Records in 1992, as the strongest muscle with an achievement of a bite strength of 4,337 N for 2 seconds. [PAR] Strongest Muscle Relative to its Force: Gastrocnemius muscle [PAR] Force is another parameter that can help determine the strongest muscle of the body. The muscle that pulls with the greatest force is the gastrocnemius. Along with the soleus muscle, this gastrocnemius muscle forms the calf muscles in the legs. [PAR] These muscles help us push our body forward, thereby helping us walk, run, dance, etc. These muscles are the contenders for the strongest muscle | tongue |
In which Lincolnshire town did the BBC film Middlemarch in the early 1990s? | [DOC] [TLE] Stamford Lincolnshire United kingdomStamford Lincolnshire United kingdom [PAR] Local [PAR] Martin Smith's History of Stamford [PAR] The recorded history of Stamford goes back well over 1,000 years. It first came to prominence in the 9th and 10th centuries when it became one of the 5 controlling boroughs of Danelaw. It was one of the first towns to produce glazed wheel-thrown pottery after the departure of the Romans. [PAR] Stamford prospered under the Normans with an economy based mainly on wool; it was particularly famous for its woven cloth called haberget. The town's excellent communication routes via the Great North Road and via the River Welland to the North Sea ensured the success of its trade. By the 13th century Stamford was one of the 10 largest towns in England. It had a castle, 14 churches, 2 monastic institutions, and 4 friaries; parliaments met here and there was a tradition of academic learning which finally led to the establishment of a short-lived breakaway university in the mid 14th century. [PAR] Many buildings survive from this period including the early 12th-century St Leonard's Priory; the magnificent early 13th-century tower of St Mary's Church; the rich 13th-century arcades in All Saints' Church; fine 13th-century stone-built hall houses and undercrofts, and the 14th-century gateway to the Grey Friary. [PAR] The removal of the main wool trade to East Anglia in the 15th century forced the town into decline, and the trade that remained was concentrated in the hands of rich merchants like the Browne family. These merchants helped rebuilt many of the churches in the mid-late 15th century including St John's; St Martin's and All Saints' which are fine examples of Perpendicular Gothic architecture. William Browne also founded an almshouse which remains one of the best surviving medieval almshouses in England, complete with exemplary stained glass. [PAR] While the overall decline continued into the 16th century, Stamford was linked to national affairs by the fact that a local man, William Cecil, became secretary of state to Queen Elizabeth I. He built a palatial mansion just outside Stamford for his mother and Burghley House survives as one of the crowning glories of the Tudor age. The great tombs of Cecil and his descendants lie in St Martin's Church. [PAR] The town escaped the civil war relatively unscathed despite Oliver Cromwell's siege of Burghley House and the visit of the fugitive King Charles in May 1646. After the Restoration of 1660, the town recovered as improvements to the Great North Road encouraged road trade and the river was made navigable again by a canal. [PAR] Everyone who travelled north passed through Stamford and the coaching trade elevated old medieval inns like the George into major nationally renowned hostelries. Prosperous professional men and merchants were attracted to the town and they built their fine vernacular and later Classical or Georgian houses which today provide the backbone of the town's fabric. It is the consistency and quality of these houses and the exceptional streetscapes they create, which encouraged the BBC to film 'Middlemarch' in the town. [PAR] The arrival of the railway in the 1830s signalled a death blow to the coaching trade and so to Stamford's fortunes. The main line to the north bypassed the town and so stunted industrial development. However, like many eastern shire towns, Stamford produced skilled agricultural engineers such as Blackstone's. The lack of industrialisation together with the traditional, almost feudal, relationship between town and house (the Cecils of Burghley were Stamford's landlords) preserved and pickled the town so that today the historic urban fabric survives almost unscathed. [PAR] Stamford is a unique treasure trove of provincial English architecture built in the finest stone that this country has to offer. Today Stamford prospers as a small market town of around 18,000 inhabitants with a mixed economy based on industry, services, agriculture, and tourism.[DOC] [TLE] LincolnshireLincolnshire ( or ; abbreviated Lincs) is a historical county in the east of England. It borders Norfolk to the south east, Cambridgeshire to the south, Rutland to the south west, Leicestershire and Nottinghamshire to the west, South Yorkshire to the northwest, and the East Riding of Yorkshire to the north. It also borders Northamptonshire in the south for just 20 yd, | stamford |
In what country did the Olympic Games originate? | [DOC] [TLE] Where did the Olympic Games originate? | Reference.comWhere did the Olympic Games originate? | Reference.com [PAR] Where did the Olympic Games originate? [PAR] A: [PAR] Quick Answer [PAR] Though there are many myths that detail the events leading to the creation of the Olympics, based on the records, the first Olympic Games were held in 776 B.C. in Southern Greece. Interestingly, the common idea among the origin myths is that the games were intended to thank the gods for a particular victory.[DOC] [TLE] The Olympic Games - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.comThe Olympic Games - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com [PAR] The Olympic Games [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] Introduction [PAR] The Olympic Games, which originated in ancient Greece as many as 3,000 years ago, were revived in the late 19th century and have become the world’s preeminent sporting competition. From the 8th century B.C. to the 4th century A.D., the Games were held every four years in Olympia, located in the western Peloponnese peninsula, in honor of the god Zeus. The first modern Olympics took place in 1896 in Athens, and featured 280 participants from 13 nations, competing in 43 events. Since 1994, the Summer and Winter Olympic Games have been held separately and have alternated every two years. [PAR] Google [PAR] The Olympics in Ancient Greece [PAR] The first written records of the ancient Olympic Games date to 776 B.C., when a cook named Coroebus won the only event–a 192-meter footrace called the stade (the origin of the modern “stadium”)–to become the first Olympic champion. However, it is generally believed that the Games had been going on for many years by that time. Legend has it that Heracles (the Roman Hercules ), son of Zeus and the mortal woman Alcmene, founded the Games, which by the end of the 6th century B.C had become the most famous of all Greek sporting festivals. The ancient Olympics were held every four years between August 6 and September 19 during a religious festival honoring Zeus. The Games were named for their location at Olympia, a sacred site located near the western coast of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece. Their influence was so great that ancient historians began to measure time by the four-year increments in between Olympic Games, which were known as Olympiads. [PAR] Did You Know? [PAR] The 1896 Games featured the first Olympic marathon, which followed the 25-mile route run by the Greek soldier who brought news of a victory over the Persians from Marathon to Athens in 490 B.C. Fittingly, Greece's Spyridon Louis won the first gold medal in the event. In 1924, the distance would be standardized to 26 miles and 385 yards. [PAR] After 13 Olympiads, two more races joined the stade as Olympic events: the diaulos (roughly equal to today’s 400-meter race), and the dolichos (a longer-distance race, possibly comparable to the 1,500-meter or 5,000-meter event). The pentathlon (consisting of five events: a foot race, a long jump, discus and javelin throws and a wrestling match) was introduced in 708 B.C., boxing in 688 B.C. and chariot racing in 680 B.C. In 648 B.C., pankration, a combination of boxing and wrestling with virtually no rules, debuted as an Olympic event. Participation in the ancient Olympic Games was initially limited to freeborn male citizens of Greece; there were no women’s events, and married women were prohibited from attending the competition. [PAR] Decline and Revival of the Olympic Tradition [PAR] After the Roman Empire conquered Greece in the mid-2nd century B.C., the Games continued, but their standards and quality declined. In one notorious example from A.D. 67, the decadent Emperor Nero entered an Olympic chariot race, only to disgrace himself by declaring himself the winner even after he fell off his chariot during the event. In A.D. 393, Emperor Theodosius I, a Christian, called for a ban on all “pagan” festivals, ending the ancient Olympic tradition after nearly 12 centuries. [PAR] It would be another 1,500 years before the Games would rise again, largely thanks to the efforts of Baron Pierre de Coubertin (1863-1937) of France. Dedicated to the promotion of physical education, the young baron became inspired by the idea of creating a modern Olympic Games after visiting the | greece |
What year was the first atomic bomb dropped? | [DOC] [TLE] Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima - HISTORY.comAtomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima - Aug 06, 1945 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima [PAR] Share this: [PAR] Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima [PAR] Author [PAR] Atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima [PAR] URL [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] The United States becomes the first and only nation to use atomic weaponry during wartime when it drops an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Though the dropping of the atomic bomb on Japan marked the end of World War II, many historians argue that it also ignited the Cold War. [PAR] Since 1940, the United States had been working on developing an atomic weapon, after having been warned by Albert Einstein that Nazi Germany was already conducting research into nuclear weapons. By the time the United States conducted the first successful test (an atomic bomb was exploded in the desert in New Mexico in July 1945), Germany had already been defeated. The war against Japan in the Pacific, however, continued to rage. President Harry S. Truman, warned by some of his advisers that any attempt to invade Japan would result in horrific American casualties, ordered that the new weapon be used to bring the war to a speedy end. On August 6, 1945, the American bomber Enola Gay dropped a five-ton bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. A blast equivalent to the power of 15,000 tons of TNT reduced four square miles of the city to ruins and immediately killed 80,000 people. Tens of thousands more died in the following weeks from wounds and radiation poisoning. Three days later, another bomb was dropped on the city of Nagasaki, killing nearly 40,000 more people. A few days later, Japan announced its surrender. [PAR] In the years since the two atomic bombs were dropped on Japan, a number of historians have suggested that the weapons had a two-pronged objective. First, of course, was to bring the war with Japan to a speedy end and spare American lives. It has been suggested that the second objective was to demonstrate the new weapon of mass destruction to the Soviet Union. By August 1945, relations between the Soviet Union and the United States had deteriorated badly. The Potsdam Conference between U.S. President Harry S. Truman, Russian leader Joseph Stalin, and Winston Churchill (before being replaced by Clement Attlee) ended just four days before the bombing of Hiroshima. The meeting was marked by recriminations and suspicion between the Americans and Soviets. Russian armies were occupying most of Eastern Europe. Truman and many of his advisers hoped that the U.S. atomic monopoly might offer diplomatic leverage with the Soviets. In this fashion, the dropping of the atomic bomb on Japan can be seen as the first shot of the Cold War. If U.S. officials truly believed that they could use their atomic monopoly for diplomatic advantage, they had little time to put their plan into action. By 1949, the Soviets had developed their own atomic bomb and the nuclear arms race began. [PAR] More on This Topic[DOC] [TLE] 1945: US drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima - BBC NewsBBC ON THIS DAY | 6 | 1945: US drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima [PAR] Search ON THIS DAY by date [PAR] [PAR] About This Site | Text Only [PAR] 1945: US drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima [PAR] The first atomic bomb has been dropped by a United States aircraft on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. [PAR] President Harry S Truman, announcing the news from the cruiser, USS Augusta, in the mid-Atlantic, said the device was more than 2,000 times more powerful than the largest bomb used to date. [PAR] An accurate assessment of the damage caused has so far been impossible due to a huge cloud of impenetrable dust covering the target. Hiroshima is one of the chief supply depots for the Japanese army. [PAR] The bomb was dropped from an American B-29 Superfortress, known as Enola Gay, at 0815 local time. The plane's crew say they saw a column of smoke rising and intense fires springing up. [PAR] We found the Japanese in our locality were not eager to befriend us - after all, they had not long ago had the most fearful weapon of all time dropped on their doorstep [PAR] People's War memories » [PAR] The | 1945 |
What was silent film actor 'Fatty' Arbuckle's christian name? | [DOC] [TLE] Fatty Arbuckle - The Robinson LibraryFatty Arbuckle [PAR] "Fatty Arbuckle" [PAR] silent film actor [PAR] Roscoe Conkling Arbuckle was born in Smith Center, Kansas, on March 24, 1887. One of nine children, he reportedly weighed 16 pounds at birth. His family moved to California when he was about one year old. [PAR] Arbuckle first appeared on stage at the age of 8, appearing as a picaninny kid with the Webster-Brown Stock Company. From then until 1913, he performed everything from acrobatic acts, to clown, to singer. His first real professional engagement was in 1904, singing illustrated songs for Sid Grauman at the Unique Theater in San Jose. He then worked in the Morosco Burbank Stock Company, and travelled through China and Japan with Ferris Hartman. His last stage appearance was with Hartman in Yokahama, Japan, in 1913. [PAR] After returning to California, Arbuckle went to work at Mack Sennett's Keystone Studio, for whom he appeared in hundreds of one- and two-reel comedies over the next three-and-a-half years, including: Fatty Again (1914), Mabel, Fatty and the Law (1915), Mabel and Fatty's Wash Day (1915), Mabel and Fatty Viewing the World's Fair at San Francisco (1915), and Fatty's Reckless Fling (1915) -- the "Mabel" in these movies was popular leading lady Mabel Normand. [PAR] Arbuckle never used his weight (some 300 pounds) to get a laugh. In none of his movies was he shown getting stuck in a chair or doorway. He was remarkably agile for his size, and he used that agility to find humor in situations. [PAR] In 1917, Arbuckle and Joseph M. Schenck (husband of Norma Talmadge) formed Comique Pictures. The films made by Comique were released through the Famous Players on a percentage basis. With this company Arbuckle had complete creative control over his productions. He also met and hired a young comedian by the name of Buster Keaton, with whom he would star in "The Butcher Boy" (1917). By 1920 Arbuckle's comedy star was second only to Charlie Chaplin. [PAR] With the success of Comique, Paramount Pictures asked Arbuckle to move to feature films. His first full-length feature film was The Roundup (1920). Other feature films done for Paramount included Brewster's Millions (1920) and Gasoline Gus (1921). [PAR] Arbuckle's career came to a crashing halt in 1921, when he was arrested on manslaughter charges following the death of Virginia Rappe, a disreputable starlet who died a few days after a party thrown by Arbuckle. Newspapers, led by the Hearst group, turned Arbuckle's arrest and subsequent trials into Hollywood's first truly major scandal. Although eventually acquitted after three trials, Arbuckle's reputation had been seriously tarnished. [PAR] Unable to return to the screen, Arbuckle found work as a comedy director for Buster Keaton and others under the pseudonym William Goodrich. In 1932, Sam Sax hired him to appear in comic shorts for Warner Brothers; he went on to complete six shorts. Warner Brothers then signed him to a feature film contract, but he died in his sleep on June 29, 1933, the night after he signed the contract.[DOC] [TLE] The Skinny on the Fatty Arbuckle Trial | History | SmithsonianThe Skinny on the Fatty Arbuckle Trial | History | Smithsonian [PAR] Contact Privacy Policy Terms of Use [PAR] The Skinny on the Fatty Arbuckle Trial [PAR] When the million-dollar movie comedian faced a manslaughter charge, the jury was indeed scandalized—at how his reputation had been trashed [PAR] November 8, 2011 [PAR] Upon his arrest for murder, Roscoe Arbuckle was booked into custody and denied bail. [PAR] In the summer of 1921, Roscoe “Fatty” Arbuckle was on top of the world. Paramount Pictures had paid him an unprecedented $3 million over three | roscoe |
Anti-retroviral drugs are used to treat what disease? | [DOC] [TLE] What Is Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)? | aidsinfonet.org ...What Is Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)? | aidsinfonet.org | The AIDS InfoNet [PAR] What Is Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)? [PAR] WHAT IS ART? [PAR] ART are medications that treat HIV. The drugs do not kill or cure the virus. However, when taken in combination they can prevent the growth of the virus. When the virus is slowed down, so is HIV disease. Antiretroviral drugs are referred to as ARV. Combination ARV therapy (cART) is referred to as highly active ART(HAART). [PAR] [PAR] There are several steps in the HIV life cycle. (See Fact Sheet 400 for a diagram.) [PAR] 1. Free virus circulates in the bloodstream. [PAR] 2. HIV attaches to a cell. [PAR] 3. HIV empties its contents into the cell. [PAR] 4. The HIV genetic material (RNA) is used by the reverse transcriptase enzyme to build HIV DNA. [PAR] 5. The HIV DNA is inserted into the cell’s chromosome by the HIV integrase enzyme. This establishes the HIV infection in the cell. [PAR] 6. When the infected cell reproduces, it activates the HIV DNA, which makes the raw material for new HIV viruses. [PAR] 7. Packets of material for a new virus come together. [PAR] 8. The immature virus pushes out of the infected cell in a process called “budding.” [PAR] 9. The immature virus breaks free of the infected cell. [PAR] 10. The new virus matures: raw materials are cut by the protease enzyme and assembled into a functioning virus. [PAR] [PAR] APPROVED ARV DRUGS [PAR] Each type, or “class”, of ARV drugs attacks HIV in a different way. The first class of anti-HIV drugs was the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (also called NRTIs or “nukes”.) These drugs block step 4, where the HIV genetic material is used to create DNA from RNA. The following drugs in this class are used: [PAR] HOW ARE THE DRUGS USED? [PAR] Antiretroviral drugs are usually used in combinations of three or more drugs from more than one class. This is called "Combination Therapy." Combination therapy helps prevent drug resistance. [PAR] Manufacturers of ARVs keep trying to make their drugs easier to take, and have combined some of them into a single tablet regimen. See Fact Sheet 409 for more information on combination medications. [PAR] [PAR] WHAT IS DRUG RESISTANCE? [PAR] When HIV multiplies, many of the new copies have mutations: they are slightly different from the original virus. Some mutant viruses keep multiplying even when you are taking ARV drugs. When this happens, the virus can develop resistance to the drug and ART may stop working. See fact Sheet 126 for more information. [PAR] If only one or two ARV drugs are used, it is easy for the virus to develop resistance. For this reason, using just one or two drugs is not recommended. But if two or three drugs are used, a successful mutant would have to “get around” all of the drugs at the same time. Using combination therapy means that it takes much longer for resistance to develop. [PAR] [PAR] CAN THESE DRUGS CURE AIDS? [PAR] ARVs reduce the viral load, the amount of virus in your bloodstream, but are not a cure. A blood test measures the viral load. People with undetectable viral loads stay healthier longer. They are also less likely to transmit HIV infection to others. [PAR] Some people’s viral load is so low that it is “undetectable” by the viral load test. This does not mean that all the virus is gone, and it does not mean a person is cured of HIV infection. See Fact Sheet 125 for more information on viral load. [PAR] [PAR] Current US guidelines say that everyone who is infected with HIV should start ARV therapy. See fact sheet 404 for more information on treatment guidelines. This is an important decision you should discuss with your health care provider. [PAR] [PAR] WHICH DRUGS DO I USE? [PAR] ARV drugs are chosen on the basis | hiv |
The dish gumbo originated in which US state? | [DOC] [TLE] Where Did Gumbo Really Come From? - SpicesInc.comWhere Did Gumbo Really Come From? [PAR] Blog → Experience Different Cuisines → Where Did Gumbo Really Come From? [PAR] Where Did Gumbo Really Come From? [PAR] New Orleans, Louisiana is home to so much flashy and flavorful culture and food. The mix of European, Native American and West African flavors and customs make it a city unlike any other . Even though New Orleans is mainly known for their Mardi Gras celebration, they also know their way around a pot of Gumbo or Jambalaya . [PAR] Let’s talk about gumbo. The basics of this dish as we know it today are a roux, okra or file powder, some sort of protein and the vegetable trinity of celery, bell peppers and onions, but this is just the beginning. Gumbo today can be made with an assortment of ingredients including almost any type of protein such as ham, chicken, bacon, oysters, crab or beef just to name a few. Some variations of the dish do not include okra when it is not available, or opt to use file powder . [PAR] A slightly different version of gumbo, also made with okra, comes from West India. This dish is referenced in the 1841 edition of Webster’s dictionary as ”A dish of food made of young capsules of okra, with salt and pepper, stewed and served with melted butter.” [PAR] Did Gumbo Evolve from Bouillabaisse? [PAR] Many people believe that Gumbo is a French dish that was created by the Louisiana Creole people during the 18th century and evolved from bouillabaisse, but that is far from where Gumbo got its start. First, let’s talk about the differences between gumbo and bouillabaisse so you can shake this vicious food rumor and be prepared for the true history. [PAR] Bouillabaisse is a fish stew that originated in the port city of Marseille. It was made by fisherman who decided to cook the fish that they were unable to sell. They typically used at least 3 types of fish in their stew including red rascasse, sea robin and European conger. It usually also includes different types of shellfish and seafood such as sea urchins, mussels, spider crab and octopus. Vegetables such as leeks, onions, tomatoes and celery are also added to the stew. This dish may seem like a typical fish soup or stew, but the ways that it is prepared and served are actually quite interesting. When making the stew, fish are placed in the pot one at a time and then brought to a boil, and then that fish is removed and the next fish is placed in the pot. When it is time to eat this dish, the broth is served first in a soup bowl with bread and rouille, a condiment made from olive oil, bread crumbs, garlic , saffron and chili peppers . After this, the fish is served separately on a platter. [PAR] Gumbo on the other hand can be traced to West Africa, where in several languages the word for okra is ki ngumbo. This okra is used as a thickener in original versions of gumbo. To make gumbo a base is prepared, vegetables are cooked and then meat is added. Shellfish and seasonings are added toward the end of the cooking process. This dish is then served over rice. Now that you know the differences between the two dishes, let’s explore the humble origins of gumbo. [PAR] History [PAR] The true story of gumbo starts in 1719 when enslaved Africans were brought to the French colony in Louisiana. Within two years, more than half of the population was made up of African slaves who brought their mighty fine cooking skills with them. Even before written references to gumbo were taken, these Africans knew how to cook gumbo and would prepare it in kitchens for their owners. The dish today still spans all class barriers and ethnicities, just like it did when it was first brought to America. That might be why it is the official dish of Louisiana. [PAR] The first written reference to the dish gumbo was in 1764 when a 50-year old slave was interrogated because she was suspected of being in cahoots with slaves who had stolen clothes and a pig. She was asked if she had given another slave | louisiana |
Which principality has been ruled by the Grimaldi dynasty since 1419ad? | [DOC] [TLE] Monaco - Grimaldi Family / History / About Monaco / Site ...Monaco - Grimaldi Family / History / About Monaco / Site officiel de Monaco [PAR] Grimaldi Family [PAR] Grimaldi Family [PAR] In 1997, the Principality of Monaco celebrated the 700 year reign of the Grimaldi dynasty. It all began on January 8, 1297 when the Guelf François Grimaldi dressed as a Franciscan monk, seized the fortress protecting the famous rock of Monaco and the port of Hercules. [PAR] Surmounting the trials and tribulations of history and throughout the dark periods of foreign domination, the Principality has managed to affirm its identity and preserve its independence throughout the centuries due to the wise guidance of its Princes. [PAR] The Grimaldi dynasty has bequeathed Lords and then Princes to the Principality, illustrious in their many domains, who wrote the most enticing pages in the history of Monaco. To cite but a few: Rainier I, General Admiral of France; Honore II, the first Prince of Monaco at the origins of the most important treaties with France; Louis I, Ambassador to the Holy See under Louis XIV; Antoine I, grand patron of the arts; Charles III, founder of Monte-Carlo; Albert I, renowned as the father of oceanography; Louis II, the soldier Prince; and Rainier III, the builder Prince. [PAR] Since 2005, H.S.H. Prince Albert II – already known as the green Prince for his interest in the environment – has been leading the Principality into the 21st century with the support of His sisters H.R.H. The Princess of Hanover and H.S.H. Princess Stephanie. [PAR] In 2010, Prince Albert announced his engagement to Ms. Charlene Wittstock.The wedding will be celebrated in Monaco in July 2011. [PAR] To learn more about the Grimaldi Family, please visit www.monaco-consulate.com [PAR] Choose your language [PAR] Sitemap [PAR] Welcome to Monaco. A Riviera gem. An international cultural center for ballet, opera, music, theater and exhibitions. A place where great minds meet for business at the Grimaldi Forum Monaco. Experience heart-stopping sports action at Monaco's F1 Grand Prix and Tennis Masters and at the tables of the Casino de Monte-Carlo... or retreat to our luxurious spas (Les Thermes Marin, ESPA, Les Cinq Mondes, Willow Stream). World-class hotels (including the Hotel de Paris, Hotel Metropole Monte-Carlo, Fairmont Monte Carlo, Monte-Carlo Bay Hotel, Le Meridien Beach Plaza, Monte-Carlo Beach Hotel, Port Palace Monaco and the Hotel Hermitage) host the world's most discerning guests. [PAR] Find an address[DOC] [TLE] Monaco: 700 years of Grimaldis | LUXUOMonaco: 700 years of Grimaldis | LUXUO [PAR] Culture / Events [PAR] Monaco: 700 years of Grimaldis [PAR] The principality of Monaco consists of less than two square kilometres of steep and rocky real estate carved out of France’s Mediterranean coast. Known today as a playground for the rich, replete with a casino and an annual car race that roars through its narrow streets, Monaco has been ruled almost continuously by the Grimaldi […] [PAR] Jul 02, 2011 | By AFPRelaxnews [PAR] SHARE [PAR] The principality of Monaco consists of less than two square kilometres of steep and rocky real estate carved out of France’s Mediterranean coast. [PAR] Known today as a playground for the rich , replete with a casino and an annual car race that roars through its narrow streets, Monaco has been ruled almost continuously by the Grimaldi dynasty since 1297. [PAR] The current monarch, Prince Albert II , is due on July 1 to marry the Zimbabwean-born swimming champion Charlene Wittstock in a lavish ceremony. [PAR] Some key facts about Monaco: [PAR] In 1861 Monaco was recognised as an independent state under a treaty with France, with which it has closely been associated ever since. [PAR] After World War I France agreed to protect Monaco’s independence, in return for which the principality aligned its domestic and foreign policy with Paris. [PAR] Monaco’s Minister of State — the head of the government who is appointed by the sovereign — must be a French citizen. [PAR] In 1856 the Monte Carlo casino was built, triggering the principality’s transformation into a playground for the rich and famous. [PAR] Over the last 50 years buildings have come to cover virtually the whole | principality of monaco |
Which dessert consists of a meringue cake with a crisp crust topped with whipped cream and fruit? | [DOC] [TLE] Pavlova Recipe & Video - Joyofbaking.com *Video Recipe*Pavlova Recipe & Video - Joyofbaking.com *Video Recipe* [PAR] Pavlova Recipe & Video [PAR] Pin It [PAR] Pavlova (Pav) is a meringue cake that has a light and delicate crisp crust and a soft sweet marshmallow center. This lovely dessert is typically served with softly whipped cream and fresh fruit. There is a long standing debate about whether New Zealand or Australia invented this dessert, which has yet to be resolved. What we do know is that the name, Pavlova, was chosen in honor of the Russian ballerina, Anna Pavlova, who toured both New Zealand and Australia in 1926. [PAR] A Pavlova is a meringue, and it is important when making any meringue that the egg whites reach maximum volume, so make sure your mixing bowl and whisk are clean and free of grease. Since we need just the whites of the eggs, the eggs will need to be separated. It is easier to do this while the eggs are still cold. Once separated, cover the egg whites and let them come to room temperature before using (about 30 minutes). Cover and refrigerate the egg yolks for another use. I like to use superfine sugar (castor) when making this meringue as it dissolves faster into the egg whites than regular granulated white sugar. You can make your own by processing 1 cup (200 grams) granulated white sugar in your food processor until very fine, about 30 - 60 seconds. [PAR] To make the Pavlova first beat the egg whites until soft peaks form. Then add the sugar, one tablespoon at a time, and continue to beat until the meringue forms stiff and shiny peaks. Beat in the vanilla extract. With a rubber spatula, gently fold in the cornstarch and vinegar. (Adding these two ingredients will give the Pavlova a crust that is dry and crisp, with a soft marshmallow-like interior.) [PAR] Australian Stephanie Alexander in her excellent book "The Cook's Companion" gives us a few pointers on how to tell a good Pavlova, "if syrupy droplets form on the surface of the meringue, you'll know you have overcooked it; liquid oozing from the meringue is a sign of undercooking". So it is best to cook the meringue in a slow oven and then to turn off the oven and let it cool slowly. [PAR] The Pavlova can be made several days in advance of serving, if it is stored in a cool dry place, in an airtight container. A Pavlova is usually served with softly whipped cream and fresh fruit. (For a lower fat dessert, instead of whipped cream, try serving the Pavlova with a sorbet or fruit sauce ( Raspberry , Blueberry , or Strawberry would be nice) and fresh fruit.) Because of the sweetness of the meringue I like to offset the sweetness with tart flavored fruits. Passion fruit, kiwi, blackberries, blueberries, and raspberries are some of my personal favorites. Try to place the whipped cream and fruit on the meringue shortly before serving as the Pavlova will immediately start to soften and break down from the moisture of the cream and fruit. [PAR] Related Recipes You May Like[DOC] [TLE] How to Trick out Pavlova, the Easiest, Classiest Fruit ...How to Trick out Pavlova, the Easiest, Classiest Fruit Dessert for a Crowd | Serious Eats [PAR] How to Trick out Pavlova, the Easiest, Classiest Fruit Dessert for a Crowd [PAR] Strawberry and kumquat pavlova. [Photographs: Max Falkowitz, unless otherwise noted] [PAR] Quick! You have 20 people coming over for food and drink tonight and you've forgotten about dessert. [PAR] You want to bake, you over-achiever you, and none of this cookie or brownie business. That's for bake sales and office parties. You want a showstopper. [PAR] Can I suggest pavlova? I have a few reasons why: [PAR] Plenty of people have no idea what it is. You'll look like a pastry badass. [PAR] It scales easily | pavlova |
What was the name of the Royal yacht which was de-commissioned in 1997? | [DOC] [TLE] Royal Yacht Britannia - YouTubeRoyal Yacht Britannia - YouTube [PAR] Royal Yacht Britannia [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Sep 9, 2014 [PAR] Her Majesty's Yacht Britannia is the former Royal yacht of the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, in service from 1954 to 1997. She was the 83rd such vessel since the restoration of King Charles II in 1660. She is the second royal yacht to bear the name, the first being the famous racing cutter built for The Prince of Wales in 1893. More info visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMY_Brit... [PAR] the royal yacht britannia,[DOC] [TLE] HMY Britannia - Military Wiki - WikiaHMY Britannia | Military Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Edit [PAR] HMY Britannia was built at the shipyard of John Brown & Co. Ltd in Clydebank, West Dunbartonshire, Great Britain, being launched by Queen Elizabeth II on 16 April 1953, and commissioned on 11 January 1954. [PAR] The ship was designed with three masts, a 133-foot (41 m) foremast, a 139-foot (42 m) mainmast, and a 118-foot (36 m) mizzenmast. The top aerial on the foremast and the top 20 feet (6.1 m) of the mainmast were hinged, to allow the ship to pass under bridges. [PAR] Britannia was designed to be converted into a hospital ship in time of war, [2] [3] although this capability was never used. In the event of nuclear war , it was intended that the Queen would take refuge aboard Britannia along the North West coast of Scotland. [4] [PAR] Crew [PAR] Edit [PAR] The crew of Royal Yachtsmen were volunteers from the general service of the Royal Navy . Officers were appointed for up to two years, while the "yachtsmen" were drafted as volunteers and after 365 days' service could be admitted to "The Permanent Royal Yacht Service" (upon volunteering and subsequently being accepted) as Royal Yachtsmen and served until they chose to leave the Royal Yacht Service or were dismissed for medical or disciplinary reasons. As a result, some served for 20 years or more. [PAR] The ship also carried a platoon of Royal Marines when members of the Royal Family were on board. [PAR] History [PAR] Edit [PAR] Britannia sailed on her maiden voyage from Portsmouth to Grand Harbour, Malta, departing 14 April and arriving 22 April 1954. She carried Princess Anne and Prince Charles to Malta in order for them to meet the Queen and Prince Philip in Tobruk at the end of the royal couple's Commonwealth Tour. The Queen and Prince Philip embarked on Britannia for the first time in Tobruk on 1 May 1954. [5] [PAR] On 20 July 1959, Britannia sailed the newly opened Saint Lawrence Seaway en route to Chicago, where she docked, making the Queen the first Canadian monarch to visit the city. U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower was aboard Britannia for part of this cruise; Presidents Gerald Ford , Ronald Reagan and Bill Clinton also were later welcomed aboard the Yacht. Charles and Diana, the Prince and Princess of Wales, took their honeymoon cruise aboard Britannia in 1981. The ship also evacuated over 1,000 refugees from the civil war in Aden in 1986. [PAR] HMY Britannia, when on royal duties, was escorted by a Royal Navy warship. The yacht was a regular sight at Cowes Week in early August and, usually, for the remainder of the month, was home to the Queen and her family for an annual cruise around the islands off the west coast of Scotland (known as the "Western Isles tour"). [PAR] According to journalist Andrew Marr in his book The Real Elizabeth (2012), at least as of 1965, the British government planned for the Royal Yacht to serve as the Queen's refuge in the event of nuclear war . Peter Hennessy wrote, "It was her floating nuclear bunker... it would lurk in the sea lochs on the north-west coast of Scotland; the mountains | britannia |
Which musical featured the song Thank Heaven for Little Girls? | [DOC] [TLE] Maurice Chevalier - Thank Heaven for Little Girls (from ...Maurice Chevalier - Thank Heaven for Little Girls (from Gigi) Lyrics [PAR] Maurice Chevalier [PAR] Thank Heaven for Little Girls (from Gigi) [PAR] Maurice Chevalier - Thank Heaven for Little Girls (from Gigi) Lyrics [PAR] Rated 2.72 out of 4 stars [PAR] ★ [PAR] Thank heaven for little girls [PAR] for little girls get bigger every day! [PAR] Thank heaven for little girls [PAR] they grow up in the most delightful way! [PAR] Those little eyes so helpless and appealing [PAR] one day will flash and send you crashin' thru the ceilin' [PAR] Thank heaven for little girls [PAR] thank heaven for them all, [PAR] no matter where no matter who [PAR] for without them, what would little boys do? [PAR] Thank heaven... thank heaven... [PAR] Thank heaven for little girls! [PAR] All lyrics are property and copyright of their owners. All lyrics provided for educational purposes only.[DOC] [TLE] Thank Heaven for Little Girls"Thank Heaven for Little Girls" is a 1957 song written by Alan Jay Lerner and Frederick Loewe and often associated with performer Maurice Chevalier. It opened and closed the 1958 film Gigi. Alfred Drake performed the song in the 1973 Broadway stage production of Gigi, though in the 2015 revival, it was sung as a duet between Victoria Clark and Dee Hoty. [PAR] The Chevalier version is often regarded as the definitive version of the song; he recorded it in 1958. In 2004 it finished at #56 on AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema. [PAR] In the mid-'90s, a contemporary take on the song was recorded by the Seattle-based alternative band Ruby for a Mountain Dew commercial in the United States. This recording was later repurposed by PepsiCo for their Pepsi Max brand in the UK. [PAR] It has also been performed by Rosemary Clooney, Perry Como, Gérard Depardieu, Merle Haggard, Hugh Hefner, The King Brothers, Ed McMahon, and in his faux French accent, Peter Sellers.[DOC] [TLE] Chevalier Gigi - YouTubeChevalier Gigi - YouTube [PAR] Chevalier Gigi [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Sep 9, 2007 [PAR] Thank Heaven for the little girls [PAR] Category | gigi |
Who was the first Hanoverian king? | [DOC] [TLE] The first Hanoverian King of Great Britain | General History [PAR] The British King who spoke no English / gameo.org [PAR] The Hanoverian dynasty got its name from the city of Hanover, capital of Lower Saxony in Germany. In 1658 the grand-daughter of James I of England (and VI of Scotland), and daughter of Elizabeth of Bohemia, by name Sophia, married Ernst Augustus. He was the Duke of Brunswick-Luneburg, and became an Elector (Prince of the Holy Roman Empire with the right to elect the Emperor) of Germany in 1692. He took Hanover as his princely title and capital city. [PAR] It was Sophia and Ernst’s son (born 1660) who became George I, the first of the House of Hanover to be King of England (actually Great Britain and Ireland). Hanover as a territory contained important towns like Göttingen and Hildersheim. The defence of these places was to become a serious factor in British foreign policy during the eighteenth century. [PAR] So how was it that a full-blooded German ascended the throne of England? The answer is because George’s mother Sophia and her issue were recognised as heirs to the throne by the Act of Settlement in 1701, which excluded the Roman Catholic Stuarts. George moved to England to become king in 1714 on the death of Queen Anne – herself a descendent of Catholic Mary Queen of Scots. [PAR] George I did not speak English, did not like London, did not like British constitutionalism or the need to accept the limitations of Parliament; after being crowned he spent as much time as he could in Hanover, where he grudgingly agreed to be taught the English language. Throughout the rest of his life he spoke it with a heavy German accent. He reigned without the help of any queen, having divorced his wife Sophia Dorothea in 1694. [PAR] The Hanoverians reigned in Britain from George I to Victoria, 1714 to 1901. George was succeeded by his son George II, who [PAR] disliked and resented his father; however, he married very well with Caroline of Ansbach and accepted Walpole as his Prime Minister and adviser. Following family tradition he disliked his son Frederick Louis. On the positive side he was the last British King to lead his troops in battle, at Dettingen in 1743, while supporting Empress Maria Theresa in the War of the Austrian Succession. His despised son Frederick was the father of George III, the third of the Hanoverian succession. [PAR] This George was the first actually to be born in England! He was not a bad king at all but he suffered horribly from porphyria, a metabolic disease which causes mental disturbance, which is why most Englishmen thought their monarch was mad. The American colonies were lost during his reign, during one of the many Regencies required because of his mental state. In 1811 senility, deafness and blindness hastened the Regency of his son the profligate Prince of Wales (who invented Brighton). [PAR] This nasty piece of work succeeded as George IV in 1820. He was responsible for the decline in power and prestige of the British monarchy in the early nineteenth century. He had many mistresses, one illegal wife, the Catholic Maria Fitzherbert and a reluctant wife Caroline of Brunswick whom he treated appallingly. In 1830 he died and was succeeded by his brother William (‘Sailor King’) IV whose niece, thank God, was the future Queen Victoria. Her family name was that of her husband Prince Albert, but Britons did not take to the idea of a dynasty called Saxe-Coburg-Gotha so when her grandson George succeeded he was called Windsor instead. [PAR] Share the post "The first Hanoverian King of Great Britain"[DOC] [TLE] The Hanoverians (1714-1837) | Kings and Queens | Classic ...The Hanoverians (1714-1837) | Kings and Queens | Classic History | History | Yesterday Channel [PAR] Yesterday Channel [PAR] > The Hanoverians (1714-1837) [PAR] The Hanoverians (1714-1837) [PAR] The House of Hanover were of German descent who succeeded the House of Stuart as kings of Great Britain in 1714... [PAR] Tweet [PAR] George I (1714 – 1727) [PAR] The first Hanoverian King of England was only 52nd | george i |
In the nursery rhyme Who Killed Cock Robin, which animal dug the grave? | [DOC] [TLE] The Death and Burial of Cock Robin - The BelieverThe Believer - Walter Potter's THE DEATH AND BURIAL OF COCK ROBIN [PAR] The Believer [PAR] San Francisco, CA 94110 U.S.A. [PAR] February 2012 [PAR] The Death and Burial of Cock Robin [PAR] by Walter Potter [PAR] Central Question: [PAR] Is taxidermy art? [PAR] Taxidermist's lifespan: 1835–1918; Animals humanized in taxidermist's oeuvre: kittens, rats, rabbits, birds; Auctioned value of taxidermist's life’s work, in 2003: £500,000; Number of years taxidermist spent on The Death and Burial of Cock Robin: seven; Recommended if you like: Bidibidobidiboo by Maurizio Cattelan, Body Worlds exhibition, America's Funniest Home Videos (the animal clips) c. 1989–1997 [PAR] By the time of his death, in 1918, Walter Potter had stuffed more than ten thousand specimens for his museum, but his greatest taxidermy tableau remains his first, The Death and Burial of Cock Robin. The work, begun when Potter was only nineteen, reenacts the funeral from the nursery rhyme of the same name, which poses a series of questions such as "Who killed Cock Robin?" ("'I,' said the sparrow, 'with my little bow and arrow'") and "Who'll dig his grave?" ("'I,' said the owl, 'with my spade and shovel'"). [PAR] Nursery rhymes often contain morbid imagery: sightless mice being chased with a butcher knife ("Three Blind Mice") and birds being methodically dismembered ("Alouette"), to name two that involve animal cruelty. Just as these verses take their unsettling power from their ability to soothe the macabre (horrific death!) into the quotidian (memorable ditty!), Potter's work gains depth by casting dead animals as civilized humans: a frog shaves another frog, two guinea pigs play cricket, seventeen ginger tabby and white kittens partake in colorful pastries at a tea party. So it is in The Death and Burial of Cock Robin: Avian mourners perch on a leafless tree while others line up in pairs behind the coffin, heads lowered; several shed glass tears. [PAR] We hope you enjoy this excerpt. [PAR] To read the full piece, please purchase a copy of the magazine from The McSweeney’s Store . [PAR] —Jeannie Vanasco [PAR] Jeannie Vanasco wrote about erasure literature for last month's issue. A batch of her prose poems, one of which concerns a diabolical birdhouse and taxidermy, appear in the current issue of Coffin Factory. [PAR] February 2012[DOC] [TLE] Cock Robin"Who Killed Cock Robin" is an English nursery rhyme, which has been much used as a murder archetype in world culture. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 494. [PAR] Lyrics [PAR] The earliest record of the rhyme is in Tommy Thumb's Pretty Song Book, published c. 1744, which noted only the first four verses. The extended version given below was not printed until c. 1770.I. Opie and P. Opie, The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes (Oxford University Press, 1951, 2nd edn., 1997), pp. 130–3. [PAR] Who killed Cock Robin? [PAR] I, said the Sparrow, [PAR] with my bow and arrow, [PAR] I killed Cock Robin. [PAR] Who saw him die? [PAR] I, said the Fly, [PAR] with my little eye, [PAR] I saw him die. [PAR] Who caught his blood? [PAR] I, said the Fish, [PAR] with my little dish, [PAR] I caught his blood. [PAR] Who'll make the shroud? [PAR] I, said the Beetle, [PAR] with my thread and needle, [PAR] I'll make the shroud. [PAR] Who'll dig his grave? [PAR] I, said the Owl, [PAR] with my little trowel, [PAR] I'll dig his grave. [PAR] Who'll be the parson? [PAR] I, said the Rook, [PAR] with my little book, [PAR] I'll be the parson. [PAR] Who'll be the clerk? [PAR] I, said the Lark, [PAR] if it's not in the dark, [PAR] I'll be the clerk. [PAR] Who'll carry the link? [PAR] I, said the Linnet, [PAR] I'll fetch it | owl |
Nell Gwynn was mistress to which King? | [DOC] [TLE] Nell Gwynn - The King's Mistress - JoolzGuidesNell Gwynn - The King's Mistress - JoolzGuides [PAR] Contact Us [PAR] Nell Gwynn – The King’s Mistress [PAR] Number 79, the former residence of Nell Gwynn, is the only building on Pall Mall not belonging to the crown. [PAR] Pall Mall runs from St James Palace to Trafalgar Square and these days is mostly full of offices and clubs. In fact, it was down this street that the Suffragettes marched and smashed the windows of the gentlemen’s clubs when campaigning for votes for women. Some say that this was the final straw which got them their way! [PAR] Hundreds of years earlier around 1675 King Charles II had a mistress called Nell Gwynn, who was a very popular actress at that time. When he offered to buy her a house he found that number 79 was available and suitably close to the palace, so he gave her a very long lease, enough to last her lifetime. [PAR] Nell Gwynn however was very upset about this. She said that she “had always conveyed free under the crown and always would”. Roughly translated as, unless she was given the freehold for the building she was leaving him. [PAR] She wouldn’t accept the gift unless it was conveyed free to her by an act of parliament!. Ultimately the King gave in and when she died it passed to her son, the Duke of St Albans who sold it and it has changed hands ever since without returning to the crown. [PAR] Meanwhile, Nell Gwynn has numerous pubs named after her and is buried in the Church of St Martins in the fields. [PAR] Just nearby along The Mall and all over St James Park are original gas lamps which still need maintenance by the gas board. [PAR] These weren’t the first to exist however, in 1807 an German called Albert Winsor set up along The Mall a line of hollow lamp posts. These were based on an idea by a Scot called William Murdoch. [PAR] Coal was placed in an air tight tank and then heated. When the gas was released it could be ignited. [PAR] So Winsor had a length of pipes connecting this tank with the lamp posts except the pressure was too much and the pipes kept bursting. [PAR] So in the end he had to use gun barrels to connect them all together. The flame couldn’t be directed like modern ones however, and they just appeared like a line of hug bunsen burners throwing flames into the air. [PAR] The Pall Mall gazette wrote that people would go running to their beds in fear and that “Mr Winsor threw light along this royal road in a manner unprecedented and we are left wondering as much at his audacity as his ingenuity. [PAR] So remarkably the system didn’t catch on and they had to wait a few years for something else. [PAR] Please subscribe to my channel for more videos! [PAR] Share this post[DOC] [TLE] Nell Gwyn, Mistress of King Charles II of England « The ...Nell Gwyn, Mistress of King Charles II of England « The Freelance History Writer [PAR] August 24, 2012 By Susan Abernethy in 17th Century , Early Modern History , Women's History Tags: Barbara Castlemaine , Charles Beauclerk , Charles Hart , Drury Lane , Duke of St. Albans , Hortense Mancini , King Charles II of England , Louise de Keroulle , Nell Gwyn , Oliver Cromwell , Restoration England , Theater Royal , Thomas Killigrew 19 Comments [PAR] Nell Gwyn [PAR] Because Nell had her horoscope cast, we happen to know exactly when she entered the world. She was born on February 2, 1650 at 6:00 AM, probably in Oxford. She was the younger daughter of Helena Smith and Captain Thomas Gwyn possibly of the Royalist Army. We don’t know if her parents ever married but we do know Captain Gwyn ended up in debtor’s prison in Oxford. Helena moved back to London, taking her two daughters with her. Neither Rose nor Nell were educated and couldn’t even write their names. Helena was a drunk and ran a bawdy house near Coal Yard Alley in Covent Garden where her girls poured drinks for customers and may have even worked as child prostitutes. Nell also worked selling oysters and cinders, becoming a real life Cinderella. [PAR] When | king charles ii |
Who won the 2011 Turner Prize for his installation 'Do Words Have Voices'? | [DOC] [TLE] Turner Prize 2011 won by Scottish sculptor Martin Boyce ...Turner Prize 2011 won by Scottish sculptor Martin Boyce - Telegraph [PAR] Turner Prize [PAR] Turner Prize 2011 won by Scottish sculptor Martin Boyce [PAR] Martin Boyce, the artist who transforms gallery spaces into modernist urban landscapes, has won the 2011 Turner Prize. [PAR] Comments [PAR] Boyce's sculptural installations include park benches, bins and scattered leaves, fashioned from industrial materials. He was the bookmakers' favourite to win the £25,000 prize and the best-known artist on the shortlist, having represented Scotland at the 2009 Venice Biennale. [PAR] He is also the third Scottish winner in as many years - Susan Philipsz, a fellow Glasgwegian, won in 2010; Richard Wright, who works out of a studio in the same building as Boyce, was the winner in 2009. [PAR] The ceremony was held at the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art in Gateshead, where photographer Mario Testino presented the award. [PAR] Boyce's installation on display there for the Turner Prize exhibition, Do Words Have Voices, recreates an autumnal park scene with geometric leaves suspended from the ceiling and a stylised rubbish bin in the corner. His attention to detail was so great that he even redesigned the room's ventilation grills to complement his installation. [PAR] The judges praised Boyce's "pioneering contribution to the current interest which contemporary artists have in historic modernism". They said his work "uses his knowledge of historic design to create distinctive sculptural installations while opening up a new sense of poetry". [PAR] Related Articles[DOC] [TLE] Martin Boyce wins Turner prize 2011 | Art and design | The ...Martin Boyce wins Turner prize 2011 | Art and design | The Guardian [PAR] Martin Boyce wins Turner prize 2011 [PAR] Martin Boyce receives £25,000 award, confirming Glasgow's indelible importance to Britain's art world [PAR] Martin Boyce's installation Do Words Have Voices is displayed at the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art in Gateshead. Photograph: EPA [PAR] Charlotte Higgins , chief arts writer [PAR] Monday 5 December 2011 16.49 EST [PAR] First published on Monday 5 December 2011 16.49 EST [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 5 years old [PAR] With his quietly atmospheric, lyrically autumnal sculptural installation recalling a melancholy urban park with its metallic trees and scattered paper leaves, Martin Boyce has been announced as the winner of the £25,000 Turner prize. [PAR] His acceptance of the award at the Baltic Centre for Contemporary Art in Gateshead, from fashion photographer Mario Testino, was briefly delayed when a streaker, clad seemingly in only a pink tutu and with the words "study this" scrawled on his chest, invaded the stage before being tackled to the ground and removed by security guards. [PAR] Boyce was narrowly the bookies' favourite for the prize, ahead of painter George Shaw, who chronicles the scrubby, dilapidated suburban streets of his native Midlands. [PAR] Boyce thanked his "mum and dad, brilliant wife and gorgeous children" and paid tribute to his art school, saying: "When education is going through the wringer, it is important to acknowledge the value of teachers." [PAR] Boyce, 44, is the third Turner-prize winner in succession either brought up or educated in Glasgow, after Susan Philipsz last year and Richard Wright in 2009, a fact that confirms the now indelible importance of the city to Britain's art world . On the shortlist was another Glasgow School of Art graduate, sculptor Karla Black. [PAR] Born in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, Boyce was among the first graduates from the Glasgow School of Art's now famous environmental art course. His peers include Douglas Gordon, who won the prize in 1996, and Nathan Coley, who was shortlisted in 2007. [PAR] After the ceremony, he talked of a group of artists – "not 'Scottish artists', just artists" – who form a "small and close community" in Glasgow. "But we don't talk about art a lot. All that happens elsewhere." [PAR] He added that because of education cuts, he was not sure that if he were young now, he would be able to go to art school. "The idea that art school will become a privileged place to be is incredibly depressing," he said | martin boyce |
Who was the first Tudor King? | [DOC] [TLE] King Henry VII: Facts About the First Tudor Monarch ...King Henry VII: Facts About the First Tudor Monarch | Primary Facts [PAR] King Henry VII: Facts About the First Tudor Monarch [PAR] Posted on [PAR] Henry VII Fact File [PAR] Born: 28th January 1457. His father was Edmund Tudor and his mother was Lady Margaret Beaufort. [PAR] Died: 21st April 1509. Henry died of tuberculosis at Richmond Palace . He is buried in Westminster Abbey . [PAR] Reign: 1485 to 1509. [PAR] Children: Four of Henry VII’s children survived beyond infancy. They were: Arthur Tudor, Margaret Tudor, Henry VIII and Mary Tudor. [PAR] How Did Henry Tudor Become King of England? [PAR] Henry’s mother, Lady Margaret Beaufort, was one of the great-granddaughters of John of Gaunt, the third son of Edward III. This gave Henry Tudor a claim to the English throne, but quite a poor one. Others alive in the 1480s could demonstrate a stronger claim, but Henry made all of this somewhat irrelevant when he defeated Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field. [PAR] The Battle of Bosworth Field [PAR] On 22nd August 1485 the Wars of the Roses (a conflict between the House of York and the House of Lancaster) was effectively brought to a close on a battlefield by the small town of Market Bosworth. The Yorkist army, led by King Richard III, was defeated by the Lancastrian forces, led by Henry Tudor. Richard III was killed in the battle, and Henry Tudor was crowned as King Henry VII. [PAR] Click here to find out more about the Battle of Bosworth Field. [PAR] How Did Henry Make His Reign More Secure? [PAR] Because he had quite a weak claim to the throne, Henry VII quickly set about making it more secure. He did several things to achieve this: [PAR] Henry VII married Elizabeth of York – uniting the Houses of York and Lancaster. This is symbolised by the red and white Tudor Rose. [PAR] Henry declared that his reign started the day before the Battle of Bosworth Field. This meant that anyone who fought against Henry in the battle could be found guilty of treason. A useful threat to have up your sleeve! [PAR] Henry overcame several rebellions during his reign, defeating those who tried to claim that they had a claim to the throne. [PAR] Other Facts About Henry VII [PAR] Despite winning his throne in battle, King Henry VII was not a military man. His policy was to keep the peace and build up the wealth of England. [PAR] He used marriages to strengthen the relationship between England and other European kingdoms. His eldest son, Arthur, married Catherine of Aragon from Spain. His daughter, Margaret, was married to King James IV of Scotland. [PAR] Arthur Tudor (Henry VII’s eldest son) died suddenly in 1502. This meant that Henry – the King’s second eldest son – was now next in line. [PAR] Henry VII died on 21st April 1509, and he was succeeded by Henry VIII , his second son. [PAR] Click here to find out more about the Tudors.[DOC] [TLE] Henry VII - History Learning SiteHenry VII - History Learning Site [PAR] Henry VII [PAR] Citation: C N Trueman "Henry VII" [PAR] historylearningsite.co.uk. The History Learning Site, 16 Mar 2015. 20 Oct 2016. [PAR] Henry VII is also known as Henry Tudor. He was the first Tudor king after defeating Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth in August 1485. This battle saw the end of the Wars of the Roses which had brought instability to England. Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. His second son, also called Henry, inherited the throne and became Henry VIII. Henry VIII and Elizabeth I tend to dominate Tudor history and their lives do overshadow the importance of Henry VII’s reign. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The Wars of the Roses had been a constant battle between two of England’s most powerful families – the families of York and Lancaster. Henry was a member of the Lancaster family and to bring the families closer together he married Elizabeth of York soon after being crowned king. [PAR] However, the powerful York family remained a threat to him for years | henry vii |
What group sacked Baghdad in 1258, ending the Islamic Golden Age? | [DOC] [TLE] Islamic Golden Age - Documentary - YouTubeIslamic Golden Age - Documentary - YouTube [PAR] Islamic Golden Age - Documentary [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jan 12, 2016 [PAR] Islamic Golden Age - Documentary [PAR] The Islamic Golden Age refers to the period in Islam's history during the Medieval past from the 8th century to the 13th century when much of the historically Arabic-speaking world was ruled by various caliphates, experiencing a scientific, economic, and cultural flourishing. This period is traditionally understood to have begun during the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid (786 to 809) with the inauguration of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, where scholars from various parts of the world with different cultural backgrounds were mandated to gather and translate all of the world's classical knowledge into Arabic. It is said to have ended with the collapse of the Abbasid Caliphate with the Mongol invasions and the Sack of Baghdad in 1258. Several contemporary scholars, however, place the end of the Islamic Golden Age to be around the 15th to 16th centuries. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] THE GOLDEN AGE OF ISLAM - IRFITHE GOLDEN AGE OF ISLAM [PAR] THE GOLDEN AGE OF ISLAM [PAR] [PAR] Presented at the Australian New Muslim Association (ANMA) Fundraising Dinner, Bankstown, Friday 1 October 2004. [PAR] SALAM Magazine, http://www.famsy.com/salam/ Sep-Oct 2004 [PAR] Islam, the youngest of all the world's religions emerged on the world scene in 622 CE (Current Era) with the Hijra (migration), of Prophet Muhammad (s) and his small band of followers, from Mecca to Medina in northwest Arabia. One hundred fifty years later the Muslim government where Allah is the ultimate authority had become the Islamic Empire, encircling the Mediterranean Sea from Syria and the Tigris and Euphrates Valley east to southern China and western India, south through what had been the Persian Empire and Saudi Arabia, west through Egypt and across North Africa, and north through Spain to the Pyrenees. With the founding of the city of Baghdad and the establishment of the Abbasid Caliphate (Muslim religious/political leaders, successors of the Prophet) in the mid-8th century, Islam's golden age began to emerge. For 400 years, from the mid-9th century until the sack of Baghdad by the Mongols in 1256, Muslim culture was unparalleled in its splendor and learning. [PAR] A number of fortunate circumstances came together to make this golden age possible. Perhaps most significant was the creation of a vast empire without internal political boundaries, largely free from external attack. Trade began to flow freely across the Asian continent and beyond. The wisdom of India and China mingled with that of Persia, ancient Greece, Rome, and Egypt. In most cases civilizations conquered by Islam remained administratively and intellectually intact, unlike those overrun by northern barbarians. Thanks in part to Prophet Muhammad's assertion that "the ink of scholars is more precious than the blood of martyrs," Islamic leaders valued -- in fact, sought out -- the intellectual treasures of their subject provinces. Further, the Muslim use of Arabic, the language of the Quran, led to its standardization throughout the empire as the language of faith and power, and likewise of theology, philosophy, and the arts and sciences. [PAR] Unification under one faith and language alone, however, did not produce the explosion of literacy and learning experienced by the Islamic Empire. In the mid-8th century, Chinese paper-making technology arrived in Samarkand, on the eastern border of the empire. Suddenly, the labour-intensive processing of hides and papyrus was replaced by mass-production of paper from pulped rags, hemp, and bark; large personal libraries -- as well as public ones -- became commonplace | mongols |
Of what was Vulcan the Roman God? | [DOC] [TLE] Vulcan - Roman and Greek Gods and GoddessesVulcan *** [PAR] [PAR] Who was Vulcan? [PAR] Vulcan was the Roman god of fire & the blacksmith of the gods. When his mother Juno first saw Vulcan she was so affronted by his ugly appearance that she threw him into the sea from Mount Olympus, which caused him to become lame. It is ironic that he married Venus, the most beautiful of all the goddesses, although he was the ugliest of the gods. Jupiter gave Venus to Vulcan, in gratitude for the service he had rendered in forging thunderbolts. The god was the blacksmith of the gods and worked with one-eyed Cyclopes to create weapons, armor and other amazing items for the gods. [PAR] The Forge of Vulcan (Hephaestus) [PAR] Facts about Vulcan [PAR] The following facts and profile provides a fast overview of Vulcan: [PAR] Vulcan Profile & Fact File [PAR] Roman Name: Vulcan [PAR] Role & Function: The function of Vulcan is described as being the god of fire & the blacksmith of the gods [PAR] Status: Major God and one of the 'Dei Consentes', the Council of Gods. [PAR] Symbols: Fire, hammer, axe, tongs, donkey and quail [PAR] Alternative Names: Vulcan [PAR] Greek Counterpart: The Greek name for this god was Hephaestus [PAR] Name of Wife: Venus [PAR] Name of Father: Jupiter [PAR] Name of Mother: Juno [PAR] Names of Children: Vulcan and Venus had no children together, but both had children with other lovers [PAR] The Amazing Skills of Vulcan in Roman Mythology [PAR] The amazing metal working skills of the Roman god of fire enabled him to create fabulous bronze palaces for the gods on Mount Olympus and furnished them with magnificent golden thrones. Vulcan was considered as the manufacturer of art, arms, iron, jewellery and armor for various gods and heroes, the divine armor of Achilles. [PAR] His supernatural and powerful skills as a metal worker led Vulcan to make many other astonishing items using precious metals such as gold, silver and bronze, including magnificent metal robots that served the gods and their favorite mortals. Many of the marvellous mechanical robots were made for King Aietes including: [PAR] Robotic golden statues that looked like young men and could think and speak and acted as servants and torch bearers [PAR] Gold and silver mechanical dogs that guarded the doors of the palace of Alcinous [PAR] Vulcan also made the bronze giant Talus, that he gave to King Minos to guard the island of Crete. The mechanical giant Talus features in the mythology surrounding Jason and the Argonauts. [PAR] Facts about Vulcan in Roman Mythology [PAR] Discover interesting information and facts about Vulcan, the Roman god of fire & the blacksmith of the gods. The facts about Vulcan provides a list detailing fascinating additional info to increase your knowledge about Vulcan in ancient Roman history and Mythology. [PAR] History and Mythical Facts about Vulcan [PAR] Fact 1 about Vulcan: He was the son of Jupiter and Juno and the husband of Venus [PAR] Fact 2 about Vulcan: The sons of Vulcan were Philammon, Cecrops, Erichthonius, Corynetes, Cercyon, Philottus and Spinther [PAR] Fact 3 about Vulcan: His principal temple was in a consecrated grove at the foot of Mount Aetna, in which was a fire continually burning. [PAR] Fact 4 about Vulcan: Romulus built a temple in honor of Vulcan outside the walls of the city, because the augurs was of the opinion that the god of fire ought not to be admitted to the city of Rome. [PAR] Fact 5 about Vulcan: He was highly honored by the Romans who debated the most important issues of the republic in his temple. The Romans believed that they could invoke nothing more sacred to confirm their treaties and decisions, than the avenging fire which was the symbol of the god. [PAR] Fact 6 about Vulcan: He was usually represented in art as a powerful, brawny, and very muscular man of middle height and mature age [PAR] Fact 7 about Vulcan: The Romans revered both the destructive and the fertilizing powers of fire [PAR] Fact 8 about Vulcan: The word volcano is derived from the name of this god of fire [PAR] Fact 9 about Vulcan: His chief festival, the Vulcanalia was marked by a rite of unknown significance in which | fire |
In what year did Ankara become capital of Turkey? | [DOC] [TLE] When did Ankara become capital of Turkey? - Experts123When did Ankara become capital of Turkey? [PAR] When did Ankara become capital of Turkey? [PAR] 1 Answer [PAR] 0 [PAR] Following the Ottoman defeat at World War I, the Ottoman capital Istanbul and much of Anatolia were occupied by the Allies, who planned to share these lands between the United Kingdom, France, Italy and Greece, leaving the Turks only a small piece of land in central Asia Minor. In response, the leader of the Turkish nationalist movement, Kemal Atatürk, established the headquarters of his resistance movement in Ankara in 1920. After the War of Independence was won, the Turkish nationalists replaced the Ottoman Empire with the Republic of Turkey on October 29, 1923. A few days earlier, Ankara had replaced İstanbul (formerly Constantinople) as the new Turkish capital city, on October 13, 1923. more [PAR] answers.yahoo.com.au[DOC] [TLE] 1923: Why did the the Town of Ankara Become the Capital of ...1923: Why did the the Town of Ankara Become the Capital of Turkey? | History.info | Page 22306 [PAR] 1923: Why did the the Town of Ankara Become the Capital of Turkey? [PAR] Photo Credit To Wikipedia Commons [PAR] Story Highlights [PAR] 13 October 1923 [PAR] When it was declared the new capital of Turkey, Ankara had only around 35,000 inhabitants. [PAR] On this day in 1923, Ankara was declared the capital of Turkey, in place of Istanbul. [PAR] This was a massive change, since Istanbul was one of the largest cities in Europe, while Ankara was but a small town – in that time, it had only 35,000 inhabitants. [PAR] Why was such a small town selected for the new capital of Turkey? After the First World War, a large part of the huge Ottoman Empire was occupied by the Entente powers (the Ottomans had lost the war). [PAR] The Entente forces even occupied Istanbul, which was located at a position of extreme strategic importance – it linked the Black Sea with the Mediterranean, and Europe with Asia. [PAR] Turkish politicians, including the famed Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, decided to move their seat of government to the town of Ankara, in the heart of Anatolia. Later the Entente powers withdrew their occupation troops, but Ankara remained the capital of the new Republic of Turkey. [PAR] Ankara has since grown to become the second-largest city in Turkey. Ankara’s metropolitan area is today home to almost five million people. It is interesting that Ankara lies a full 938 meters above sea level, and is home to many Turkish government buildings, ministries, and foreign embassies. [PAR] Ankara used to be called Angora in Europe, and many animal breeds were named after it, including Angora cats, Angora rabbits, and Angora goats (source of mohair wool). [PAR] Facebook Comments[DOC] [TLE] Capital of Turkey | Article about capital of Turkey by The ...Capital of Turkey | Article about capital of Turkey by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Capital of Turkey | Article about capital of Turkey by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/capital+of+Turkey [PAR] Related to capital of Turkey: capital of Switzerland , Constantinople , Ottoman Empire [PAR] Ankara [PAR] (ăng`kərə, Turk. äng`kärä), city (1990 pop. 2,533,209), capital of Turkey and Ankara prov., W central Turkey, at an elevation of c.3,000 ft (910 m). Turkey's largest city after İstanbul Ankara is primarily an administrative city, but it is also an important commercial, industrial, and cultural center. Grains, vegetables, and fruit are grown nearby. Manufactures include food products, wine, farm machinery, iron and steel, textiles, and cement. Angoran goats bred there are famous for the mohair made from their coats. Tourism is increasingly important, and the service sector is expanding. [PAR] Known in ancient times as Ancyra and later as Angora, the city was an important commercial center at least as early as Hittite times (18th cent. B.C.). in the 1st cent. A.D. it became the capital of a Roman province. It flourished under Augustus; in the ruins of a marble temple dating from his reign (31 B.C.–A.D. 14) was found the Monumentum Ancyranum, a set of inscribed tablets valuable as a record of Augustan | 1923 |
What is the better known name of the Nuffield Radio Astronomy Laboratories? | [DOC] [TLE] Jodrellbank | Article about Jodrellbank by The Free DictionaryJodrellbank | Article about Jodrellbank by The Free Dictionary [PAR] Jodrellbank | Article about Jodrellbank by The Free Dictionary [PAR] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Jodrellbank [PAR] Jodrell Bank Observatory [PAR] (jôd`rəl), observatory for radio astronomy radio astronomy, [PAR] study of celestial bodies by means of the electromagnetic radio frequency waves they emit and absorb naturally. Radio Telescopes [PAR] Radio waves emanating from celestial bodies are received by specially constructed antennas, called radio telescopes, [PAR] ..... Click the link for more information. located at Jodrell Bank, Macclesfield, England. Founded in 1945 on the site of a botanical experiment station, it is administered by the Univ. of Manchester. Originally known as the Jodrell Bank Experimental Station, it was officially the Nuffield Radio Astronomy Laboratories from 1966 to 1999. The principal instrument is one of the world's largest fully steerable radio antennas, the Lovell Telescope, with an altazimuth-mounted parabolic dish 250 ft (76 m) in diameter. In addition, the facility has smaller altazimuth paraboloid and axis paraboloid antennas. Research programs include studies of galactic structure, angular sizes and structure of radio sources, polarization of radio sources, quasars, pulsars, molecules in interstellar space, and lunar radar. It is part of the MERLIN array (Multi-Element-Radio-Linked-Interferometer) that includes other radio telescopes throughout England.[DOC] [TLE] radio telescope - Important radio telescopes - britannica.comradio telescope - Important radio telescopes | astronomical instrument | Britannica.com [PAR] Important radio telescopes [PAR] physical science [PAR] Filled-aperture telescopes [PAR] The largest single radio telescope in the world is the 305-metre (1,000-foot) fixed spherical reflector operated by Cornell University at the Arecibo Observatory near Arecibo , Puerto Rico . The antenna has an enormous collecting area, but the beam can be moved through only a limited angle of about 20° from the zenith . It is used for planetary radar astronomy, as well as for studying pulsars and other galactic and extragalactic phenomena. [PAR] The 305-metre (1,000-foot) radio telescope at the Arecibo Observatory near Arecibo, P.R. [PAR] © Israel Pabon/Shutterstock.com [PAR] An even larger telescope, the Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), located in a natural depression in Guizhou province in China, was completed in 2016. FAST was designed to observe objects within 40° from the zenith. [PAR] The Russian RATAN-600 telescope (RATAN stands for Radio Astronomical Telescope of the Academy of Sciences), located near Zelenchukskaya in the Caucasus Mountains , has 895 reflecting panels, each 7.4 metres (24.3 feet) high, arranged in a ring 576 metres (1,890 feet) in diameter. Using long parabolic cylinders, standing reflectors, or dipole elements, researchers in Australia, France , India , Italy , Russia , and Ukraine have also built antennas with very large collecting areas. [PAR] The largest fully steerable radio telescope in the world is the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) located in Green Bank, W.Va. This 110-by-100-metre (360-by-330-foot) off-axis radio telescope was completed in 2000 and operates at wavelengths as short as a few millimetres. The moving structure, which weighs 7.3 million kg (16 million pounds), points to any direction in the sky with an accuracy of only a few arc seconds. The secondary reflector is held by an off-axis support structure to minimize radiation from the ground and unwanted reflections from support legs. Each of the 2,004 surface panels that make up the parabolic surface is held in place by computer-controlled actuators that keep the surface accurate to a few tenths of a millimetre. The GBT is located in the National Radio Quiet Zone , which offers unique protection for radio telescopes from local sources of man-made interference. [PAR] The Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope located in Green Bank, W.Va. [PAR] National Radio Astronomy Observatory [PAR] seeing [PAR] Other large, fully steerable, filled-aperture radio telescopes include the Max Planck Institut für Radioastronomie 100-metre- (330-foot-) diameter antenna near Effelsberg, Ger.; the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) 64-metre (210-foot) dish near Parkes ; and the 76-metre (250-foot) Lovell Telescope at Jodrell Bank in England . These filled-aperture radio telescopes are used for atomic and molecular spectroscopy over | jodrell bank |
"Actor Michael Sheard played which feared teacher in ""Grange Hill""?" | [DOC] [TLE] BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Grange Hill favourite Sheard diesBBC NEWS | Entertainment | Grange Hill favourite Sheard dies [PAR] Grange Hill favourite Sheard dies [PAR] Michael Sheard became a cult hero in Grange Hill and Star Wars [PAR] Actor Michael Sheard, best known for playing teacher Mr Bronson in long-running children's TV drama Grange Hill in the 1980s, has died aged 65. [PAR] Sheard gained wider fame as Admiral Ozzel in 1980 Star Wars film The Empire Strikes Back. [PAR] His other films included Indiana Jones and The Last Crusade - one of a string of appearances as Adolf Hitler - and he was a regular guest in Doctor Who. [PAR] His agent said he had cancer and died at home on the Isle of Wight. [PAR] In Grange Hill, his stern manner and cries of "You, boy" as deputy head Maurice Bronson made him one of TV's most memorable figures. [PAR] Michael Sheard played Adolf Hitler five times [PAR] Born in Aberdeen, he studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (Rada) in London before winning parts in TV shows such as Dixon of Dock Green and Crossroads. [PAR] With a series of roles in Doctor Who spanning more than 20 years, he boasted that he starred alongside more Doctors than any other actor. [PAR] He was even touted as a potential Doctor himself. "Things got in the way," he told the BBC's Wiltshire website in 2003. "It would have been fun to do." [PAR] In Star Wars, he was memorably choked by Darth Vader - and said George Lucas told him it was "the best screen death I've ever seen". [PAR] At the time, Star Wars was "just another part in a very busy actor's career", he said, but it has secured him a place in the hearts of Star Wars fans and an Admiral Ozzel action figure came out last year. [PAR] Michael Sheard played Mr Bronson from 1985-89 [PAR] He regularly appeared at Star Wars, cult TV and 1980s-themed conventions and club nights. [PAR] He played Hitler five times and Himmler three times - but said playing Goering's double in sitcom 'Allo 'Allo was his worst performance. [PAR] Other film appearances included Raiders of the Lost Ark, All Quiet On The Western Front and The Dirty Dozen - Second Assignment. [PAR] He appeared alongside Dame Peggy Ashcroft in 1980 TV movie Caught on a Train and said Escape to Athena with Roger Moore was his favourite role. [PAR] Moore wrote the foreword to the first of three autobiographies, Yes, Mr Bronson: Memoirs of a Bum Actor, published in 1997. [PAR] Sheard once said he "wouldn't have missed dear old Bronson for anything". [PAR] "He was scary, but as an actor Mr Bronson was a lovely part to play."[DOC] [TLE] Grange Hill's Mr Bronson dies | Education | The GuardianGrange Hill's Mr Bronson dies | Education | The Guardian [PAR] Grange Hill's Mr Bronson dies [PAR] Staff and agencies [PAR] Share on Messenger [PAR] Close [PAR] The actor Michael Sheard, known to millions as Grange Hill's scary teacher Mr Bronson, died today, aged 65. [PAR] He had been suffering from cancer and died in the early hours near his home on the Isle of Wight, his agent said. [PAR] Born in Aberdeen, Sheard studied at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (Rada) in London before winning parts in TV shows such as Dixon of Dock Green and Crossroads. [PAR] With a series of roles in Doctor Who spanning more than 20 years, he boasted that he starred alongside more doctors than any other actor. [PAR] Sheard's many film roles include Admiral Ozzel in The Empire Strikes Back. He also played Adolf Hitler five times, most famously in Indiana Jones and The Last Crusade. [PAR] But he is best remembered for his role as Maurice Bronson, the strict deputy head who struck terror into the hearts of pupils. [PAR] Sheard once said he "wouldn't have missed dear old Bronson for anything". [PAR] "He was scary, but as an actor Mr Bronson was a lovely part to play."[DOC] [TLE] Michael Sheard Scottish actor famed for his roles in ...Michael Sheard Scottish actor famed for his roles in | mr bronson |
Paradoxically, which city is the original home of the Harlem Globetrotters? | [DOC] [TLE] News - Harlem GlobetrottersHarlem Globetrotters Icon - and Hall of Famer - Meadowlark Lemon Passes Away at 83. | Harlem Globetrotters [PAR] Harlem Globetrotters Icon - and Hall of Famer - Meadowlark Lemon Passes Away at 83. [PAR] Globetrotters legend captured the hearts and imagination of countless fans worldwide [PAR] (ATLANTA, Dec. 28, 2015) – Meadowlark Lemon – known to many as the “Clown Prince of Basketball” with the Harlem Globetrotters – passed away yesterday in Scottsdale, Ariz., at the age of 83. Services are pending. [PAR] During his 24 seasons with the Globetrotters, Lemon played in more than 7,500 consecutive games, performing for popes, kings, queens, presidents and innumerable fans in nearly 100 countries around the world. [PAR] “For a generation of fans, the name Meadowlark Lemon was synonymous with the Harlem Globetrotters,” said Globetrotters CEO Kurt Schneider. “He was an incredible entertainer and brought happiness and lifelong memories to millions around the world. We have lost a great ambassador of the game.” [PAR] The Globetrotters are dedicating this, their 90th anniversary tour, to Lemon and fellow Harlem Globetrotters legend and Hall of Famer Marques Haynes, who passed away in May. [PAR] In April 1952, the Globetrotters received a letter from Lemon requesting a tryout. After serving two years in the Army – where he played a few games with the Trotters on an overseas tour – Lemon was given a tryout by Globetrotters’ owner Abe Saperstein and made the cut. Lemon played his first season with one of the Globetrotter developmental teams, the Kansas City Stars, and played his first season full season with the Globetrotters in 1954. [PAR] Lemon was part of an extremely popular period in Globetrotters history, appearing on several popular television programs and specials, including “ABC's Wide World of Sports,” “CBS Sports Spectacular,” “The Ed Sullivan Show” and “The Harlem Globetrotters Popcorn Machine.” He also appeared in numerous national TV commercials and was immortalized in animation on “The Harlem Globetrotters” cartoon series and on episodes of “Scooby Doo.” [PAR] Lemon was enshrined into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 2003, three years after receiving the John W. Bunn Award, named in honor of the Hall of Fame's first executive director, recognizing outstanding lifetime contributions to basketball. [PAR] A native of Wilmington, N.C., Lemon received a Globetrotters “Legends” Ring and had his number 36 jersey retired as part of a 75th anniversary black tie charity fund-raiser on Jan. 5, 2001, at Chicago's Fairmont Hotel. Lemon spent the last several years of his life serving as an ordained minister and motivational speaker. [PAR] Celebrating 90 iconic years of providing smiles, sportsmanship and service to millions, The Harlem Globetrotters® are a worldwide icon, synonymous with one-of-a-kind family entertainment and great basketball skills. Throughout their history, the Original Harlem Globetrotters have showcased their iconic talents in 122 countries and territories on six continents, often breaking down cultural and societal barriers while providing fans with their first-ever basketball experience. Proud inductees of the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame, the Globetrotters have entertained hundreds of millions of fans – among them popes, kings, queens, and presidents – over nine thrilling decades. Harlem Globetrotters International, Inc. is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Herschend Enterprises, the largest family-owned themed entertainment company in the U.S.[DOC] [TLE] Harlem Globetrotters Tickets, 2016 Harlem Globetrotters ...Harlem Globetrotters Tickets, 2017 Harlem Globetrotters Schedule [PAR] Find Tickets [PAR] Harlem Globetrotters Information [PAR] The Harlem Globetrotters, started in 1926, is a mix of basketball and comedy. They play exhibition basketball games while performing tricks, such as spinning the ball on their fingers or shooting the ball from complicated positions. Their mascot is “Globie†and their theme song is “Sweet Georgia Brown†by the Brothers Bones. [PAR] In 1926, the team began in the Southside of Chicago where many of the original players were born. They played their first game on January 7, 1927 and began playing in different places in Chicago in 1928. Harlem was chosen as the team’s home city based on its historic African American culture. Their first actual game in Harlem wasn’ | chicago |
1313 Mockingbird Lane, Mockingbird Heights, USA. | [DOC] [TLE] Mockingbird Heights - Headhunter's Horror House Wiki - WikiaMockingbird Heights | Headhunter's Horror House Wiki | Fandom powered by Wikia [PAR] Headhunter's Horror House Wiki [PAR] Mockingbird Heights is a fictional town featured in the popular comedy television program The Munsters . The Munster family lived at 1313 Mockingbird Lane . Mockingbird Heights was also the sight of the funeral home where Herman Munster worked. [PAR] Contents [PAR] Edit [PAR] 1313 Mockingbird Lane [PAR] 1313 Mockingbird Lane was a street address in Mockingbird Heights. It was the home of the Munsters family which consisted of Herman Munster, his wife Lily, son Eddie, niece Marilyn and Grandpa Munster. The weather patterns directly over top 1313 Mockingbird Lane was always rainy or cloudy, regardless of what the weather was like anywhere else. [PAR] 4919 Woodbury Drive [PAR] This is the street address of Doctor E.R. Dudley, the Munsters' family physician. [PAR] Diamond Jim's Used Cars [PAR] This is where Lily ordered a customized hearse/roadster for Herman's birthday. [PAR] Midcity Park [PAR] Midcity Park was once the target of a nefarious purse snatcher. Unfortunately, it was also wear Herman Munster liked to take his nightly walks. Before long, rumors of a nine-foot man with green skin, red eyes and long arms began circulating throughout Mockingbird Heights.[DOC] [TLE] 1313 Mockingbird Lane — Free listening, videos, concerts ...1313 Mockingbird Lane — Free listening, videos, concerts, stats and photos at Last.fm [PAR] check later [PAR] 1313 Mockingbird Lane, an American garage rock band whose name was inspired by The Munsters TV Mansion address, was formed in the late 80's in Albany, NY and prominently featured in Timothy Gassen's definitive book on The Garage and Psychedelic Music Explosion,1980-1995 titled: The Knights Of Fuzz. Out of thousands of groups in the book, Gassen listed the band among such heavyweight garage acts as The Chesterfield Kings, The Lyres and Flamin Groovies in the all time Hot 100… read more[DOC] [TLE] Spot the Dragon – Mockingbird Heights, USA | Enchanted AmericaSpot the Dragon – Mockingbird Heights, USA | [PAR] Home › Television › Spot the Dragon – Mockingbird Heights, USA [PAR] Spot the Dragon – Mockingbird Heights, USA [PAR] Posted on November 12, 2014 by jaholst — Leave a comment [PAR] Spot the Dragon is a large, green fire-breathing dragon seen on the CBS horror comedy THE MUNSTERS (1964-66). [PAR] Spot is the family pet of the Munsters, a family of monsters, vampires and werewolves who live at 1313 Mockingbird Lane in Mockingbird Heights, USA. [PAR] It was vampire Grandpa Munster (Al Lewis) who discovered Spot while digging in the back yard. Now the fire-breathing creature lives under the staircase of the Munster home. Spot has battle-axe scares on his left shoulder [PAR] Spot was rarely seen but for its large tail and portions of its face when it breathed fire. When Spot wasn’t eating its favorite pet food (Doggie’s Din Din), it had a bad habit of eating the neighbors’ trash can lids. [PAR] Once Lily Munster (Yvonne DeCarlo) said “Eddie, you go tell Spot that if he eats any more cars, we’re gonna rub his nose in the transmission.” [PAR] On episode No. 51 “Underground Munster” Herman Munster (Fred Gwynne) chastised Spot for tracking mud into the house. Feeling hurt, Spot ran away from home and hid in the sewer system which caused panic in the city. [PAR] NOTE: In his book, “The Munsters: Television’s First Family of Fright” by Stephen Cox (Contemporary Books, 1989) Butch Patrick and Al Lewis discussed the origins of Spot. [PAR] Butch claimed Spot came from props left over from the movie “One Million B.C.” (1940). Al Lewis disagreed, saying, “Fred and I designed Spot. We were the ones who decided the family needed a pet. Fred’s a great artist so we got together and came up with Spot. The prop department built him for us. What does Butch remember. He was twelve.” [PAR] Other sources claim that Spot the Dragon creature was actually a revamped special effects prop left over from the Universal International | munsters |
In which English county was the 1970's TV series 'Poldark' set? | [DOC] [TLE] Poldark | Poldark | Programs | Masterpiece | Official Site ...Poldark | Poldark | Programs | Masterpiece | Official Site | PBS [PAR] The Poldark Love Triangle [PAR] Favorite Scenes [PAR] Set in the picturesque, seaside county of Cornwall, Poldark follows a rough-and-ready hero with nothing to lose as he tries to restore his community, fortune, and family name. [PAR] Read More [PAR] Set in the picturesque, seaside county of Cornwall, Poldark follows a rough-and-ready hero with nothing to lose as he tries to restore his community, fortune, and family name. [PAR] It’s 1783, and Britain is in a crisis of falling wages, rising goods prices, and civil unrest. Dashing, adventurous scoundrel Ross Poldark (Aidan Turner) returns from fighting overseas to find his world dramatically changed: his family estate is in ruins, his father has died, and his sweetheart is engaged to another. [PAR] Though he is encouraged to pack up and make a new life elsewhere, the stubborn Poldark resolves to change his destiny and restore his lost fortune. As he assembles a motley band of friends and servants, Ross finds a partner equally headstrong to share the twists and turns of his new life. But changing the status quo of this country hamlet creates powerful enemies, and soon Ross is caught between what he knows to be right, and what society dictates. [PAR] Poldark is based on the first two novels in Winston Graham’s sweeping 18th-century saga. The first television adaptation of the series aired on MASTERPIECE in the 1970s, and now a new generation can delight in the exploits of a romantic hero like no other. [PAR] The series stars Aidan Turner (Poldark), known for roles in The Hobbit trilogy, and the UK series Being Human. Eleanor Tomlinson, recently seen in MASTERPIECE’s Death Comes to Pemberley, co-stars as the fiery redhead Demelza.[DOC] [TLE] Poldark star Robin Ellis will appear in new version of hit ...Poldark star Robin Ellis will appear in new version of hit BBC TV series set in Cornwall - Mirror Online [PAR] Poldark star Robin Ellis will appear in new version of hit BBC TV series set in Cornwall [PAR] Filming begins next week with The Hobbit star Aidan Turner in the main role [PAR] Share [PAR] Classic: Actors Angharad Rees and Robin Ellis [PAR] Share [PAR] Get celebs updates directly to your inbox [PAR] + Subscribe [PAR] Thank you for subscribing! [PAR] Could not subscribe, try again laterInvalid Email [PAR] The original star of TV drama Poldark is to appear in the new version at the age of 72. [PAR] Robin Ellis will play Reverend Halse in two episodes in the much-anticipated reprise of the hit series. [PAR] Filming begins next week in Cornwall and Bristol with The Hobbit star Aidan Turner in the main role . [PAR] Starring alongside him for the eight part series are Heida Reed (Silent Witness, DCI Banks) as Ross’ first love Elizabeth and Ruby Bentall (The Paradise, Larkrise to Candleford) as Ross’ cousin Verity. [PAR] Red Riding actor Warren Clarke (Ross’s uncle Charles), Whitechapel star Phil Davis (Ross’s manservant Jud) and Skins veteran Alexander Arnold (Ross’s farm hand Jim Carter) will also appear in the forthcoming drama. [PAR] Executive producer Karen Thrussell said: “We’re so thrilled by the Poldark cast, and we feel particularly privileged that Robin Ellis has agreed to join this stellar line up - it’s a great tribute to Debbie Horsfield’s scripts. [PAR] “Robin is looking forward to returning to Winston Graham’s world, and we will be welcoming him with open arms! We can’t wait to start shooting next week and begin this epic journey in the stunning Cornish landscape.” [PAR] The original BBC television series, based on the novels written by Winston Graham, was first transmitted in the UK between 1975 and 1977. The new series will be screened on BBC1 in 2015. [PAR] We're testing a new site: This content is coming soon [PAR] Like us on Facebook [PAR] Most Read [PAR] Most Recent [PAR] Most Read [PAR] Most Recent[DOC] [TLE] Poldark remake for BBC One - BBC NewsPoldark remake for BBC One - BBC News [PAR] BBC News [PAR] Poldark remake for BBC | cornwall |
Which British astronomer - a proponent of the steady state theory of the universe - is usually credited with having coined the term ' big bang ' ? | [DOC] [TLE] What’s in a Name: History and Meanings of the Term “Big ...What’s in a Name: History and Meanings of the Term “Big Bang” by Juan Carlos Sura - issuu [PAR] issuu [PAR] 1 [PAR] What’s in a Name: History and Meanings of the Term “Big Bang” HELGE KRAGH [PAR] Abstract. The name “big bang” introduced by Fred Hoyle in 1949 is one of the most successful scientific neologisms ever. How did the name originate and how was it received by physicists and astronomers in the period leading up to the hot big bang consensus model in the late 1960s? How did it reflect the meanings of the big bang, a concept that predates the name by nearly two decades? The paper gives a detailed account of names and concepts associated with finite-age cosmological models from the 1920s to the 1970s. It turns out that Hoyle’s celebrated name has a richer and more surprising history than commonly assumed and also that the literature on modern cosmology and its history includes many common mistakes and errors. By following the story of “big bang” a new dimension is added to the historical understanding of the emergence of modern cosmology. [PAR] What’s in a name? That which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet Romeo and Juliet (Act II, Scene 2) [PAR] 1. Introduction: Name and histories “Words are like harpoons,” famous astrophysicist and cosmologist Fred Hoyle said in an interview of 1995. “Once they go in, they are very hard to pull out” (Horgan 1995, p. 47). He referred to the term “big bang,” which he had coined nearly half a century earlier for the initial state of the universe without believing, neither then nor later, that there had ever been such an initial state. The name had indeed stuck like a harpoon, and that in spite of many people’s dissatisfaction with such an undignified label for the grandest and most mysterious event in the history of the universe, the [PAR] Centre for Science Studies, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Building 1520, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark. E-mail: helge.kragh@ivs.au.dk. [PAR] 2 [PAR] ultimate beginning of everything. Two years earlier the astronomy magazine Sky and Telescope had run a competition to rename the big bang theory of the universe (S&T 1993). The panel of judges, consisting of astronomer Carl Sagan, television broadcaster Hugh Downs and science writer Timothy Ferris, mulled over 13,099 suggestions from 41 countries only to decide that none of them were worthy of supplanting “big bang.” The name had stuck, and it still sticks. Names in science are more than just names. Some are eponymous labels honouring great scientists, while others may associate a concept or an object with a particular meaning that another name would not signal. An apt name may help set the frame of mind with which scientists view an object or a concept. Names may also help making a concept more popular and widely recognized simply because they are apt, such as was the case with Murray Gell-Mann’s “quark” of 1964. Contrary to names for objects such as elementary particles, chemical elements and comets, the names of theories or concepts have no official status. They are not decided by committees but just happen to be adopted by the relevant scientific community. When a name catches on it is not only an indication of its popularity but also, in many cases, of the concept associated with the name. Because names sometimes carry epistemic connotations and mental images with them, they can be controversial (Stuewer 1986). For example, this was the case with the term “entropy” coined by Rudolf Clausius in 1865 to express the meaning of the second law of thermodynamics (namely, as he phrased it two years later, “the entropy of the universe tends to a maximum”). Clausius’ entropy met with considerable resistance among leading physicists and chemists who preferred other names and concepts, such as “dissipation of heat” and “free energy” (Kragh and Weininger 1996). The eminent physical chemist Walther Nernst very much disliked the term, not only because it | fred hoyle |
William Herschel astronomer was a musician what instrument? | [DOC] [TLE] Music(ian) of the spheres – William Herschel and the ...Music(ian) of the spheres – William Herschel and the astronomical revolution [PAR] William Herschel and the astronomical revolution [PAR] Martin Griffiths 18 October 2009 [PAR] www.lablit.com/article/550 [PAR] Bright star: Herschel opened up the heavens [PAR] Motivated by the connection between mathematics and musical harmony, he progressed from Robert Smith’s Harmonics to his book Opticks [PAR] This is the international year of astronomy, and also the 400th anniversary of the first use of the telescope by the Italian Galileo Galilei and the Englishman Thomas Harriot. Although their telescopic discoveries did much to change the nature of scientific enquiry, the instrument was deftly used by a later observer to such advantage that he changed our perception of the heavens forever. [PAR] The eighteenth century astronomer William Herschel probably contributed more to our knowledge and appreciation of the night sky than any other person before him. Herschel’s chief claim to fame amongst the scientific community is the discovery of the planet Uranus, but his renown as an astronomer goes beyond this single element in his career. Sir Patrick Moore, possibly the UK's most famous champion of astronomy, considers Herschel to be the finest astronomical observer that has ever lived. [PAR] Background to greatness [PAR] Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel was born in Hanover, Germany in 1738. His father Isaac, a bandsman with the Hanoverian Footguards, was a cultured and intelligent man interested in nature, music and mathematics and his interests rubbed off on many of his ten children. He encouraged William (I will use his anglicised name throughout) and his brother Jacob to join the band, but when the unit saw bloody action at the battle of Hastenbeck in the Seven Years war, Isaac told his sons to leave the field and return home. William and Jacob did not desert their posts; they had never formally been invested as members of the regiment but their home life did not hold much opportunity either. Under their father’s guidance they later took a boat to England where they quickly found work as musicians and composers. The family had previously visited Britain in 1755 as the band had been stationed in Oxfordshire and the brothers made good use of their previous contacts there. [PAR] William had an outstanding career as a musician. He played cello, oboe, violin, piano, harpsichord and organ and was an excellent craftsman who made his own instruments from time to time. He was also a gifted composer, writing 24 symphonies, several compositions for church and numerous concertos, some of which are available as recordings by the London Mozart Players. His musical recitations and skill rapidly established his fame. Initially playing in the Richmond orchestra patronized by the Earl of Darlington, he then travelled to northern England, becoming as a violinist for the Newcastle orchestra before taking a position as organist at St John’s church Halifax. William was eventually offered the post of organist and director of public concerts at the prestigious Octagon chapel in Bath. He moved there in 1767 and encouraged his brothers Dietrich, Alexander and Jacob to play with the Bath Orchestra. He completed his sibling ensemble when he brought over his sister Caroline, originally as his housekeeper, but her fine soprano voice made her an excellent addition to concerts. In time she would join William in his astronomical endeavours, becoming the first female professional astronomer. By 1770 William was director of the Bath orchestra and life in this cultured regency town in the Age of Enlightenment could not have been better. [PAR] One of his few pleasures as a bachelor was reading in bed and he consumed several books dealing with scientific matters. Motivated by the connection between mathematics and musical harmony, he progressed from Robert Smith’s Harmonics to his book Opticks, and on to James Fergusons Astronomy. In 1771 he began construction of a series of telescopes that would later propel him to fame. In fact, so taken with astronomical observation was he that he reduced the number of musical pupils he had to teach to a level that allowed time for his astronomical pursuits. In 1779, he was observing the moon from the street in front of his house when he was stopped by a gentleman passing by, who inquired if he could have a peep through the scope. The man was Dr William Watson, and after this | organ |
At 2015 how many people owned as much as the poorest half of the world's population (ie over 3billion people)? | [DOC] [TLE] Richest 62 people as wealthy as half of world's population ...Richest 62 people as wealthy as half of world's population, says Oxfam | Business | The Guardian [PAR] Davos [PAR] Richest 62 people as wealthy as half of world's population, says Oxfam [PAR] Charity says only higher wages, crackdown on tax dodging and higher investment in public services can stop divide widening [PAR] Monday 18 January 2016 05.05 EST [PAR] First published on Sunday 17 January 2016 19.01 EST [PAR] Close [PAR] This article is 1 year old [PAR] The vast and growing gap between rich and poor has been laid bare in a new Oxfam report showing that the 62 richest billionaires own as much wealth as the poorer half of the world’s population. [PAR] 62 richest [PAR] Oxfam said that the wealth of the poorest 50% dropped by 41% between 2010 and 2015, despite an increase in the global population of 400m. In the same period, the wealth of the richest 62 people increased by $500bn (£350bn) to $1.76tn. [PAR] Number of female billionaires increases sevenfold in 20 years [PAR] Read more [PAR] The charity said that, in 2010, the 388 richest people owned the same wealth as the poorest 50%. This dropped to 80 in 2014 before falling again in 2015. [PAR] Mark Goldring, the Oxfam GB chief executive, said: “It is simply unacceptable that the poorest half of the world population owns no more than a small group of the global super-rich – so few, you could fit them all on a single coach. [PAR] “World leaders’ concern about the escalating inequality crisis has so far not translated into concrete action to ensure that those at the bottom get their fair share of economic growth. In a world where one in nine people go to bed hungry every night, we cannot afford to carry on giving the richest an ever bigger slice of the cake.” [PAR] Leading figures from Pope Francis to Christine Lagarde, the managing director of the International Monetary Fund, have called for action to reverse the trend in inequality, but Oxfam said words had not been translated into action. Its prediction that the richest 1% would own the same wealth as the poorest 50% by 2016 had come true a year earlier than expected. [PAR] wealth by declies [PAR] The World Economic Forum in Davos comes amid fears that the turmoil in financial markets since the turn of the year may herald the start of a new phase to the global crisis that began eight years ago – this time originating in the less-developed emerging countries. [PAR] Oxfam said a three-pronged approach was needed: a crackdown on tax dodging; higher investment in public services; and higher wages for the low paid. It said a priority should be to close down tax havens, increasingly used by rich individuals and companies to avoid paying tax and which had deprived governments of the resources needed to tackle poverty and inequality. [PAR] Three years ago, David Cameron told the WEF that the UK would spearhead a global effort to end aggressive tax avoidance in the UK and in poor countries, but Oxfam said promised measures to increase transparency in British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, such as the Cayman Islands and British Virgin Islands, had not been implemented. [PAR] Goldring said: “We need to end the era of tax havens which has allowed rich individuals and multinational companies to avoid their responsibilities to society by hiding ever increasing amounts of money offshore. [PAR] “Tackling the veil of secrecy surrounding the UK’s network of tax havens would be a big step towards ending extreme inequality. Three years after he made his promise to make tax dodgers ‘wake up and smell the coffee’, it is time for David Cameron to deliver.” [PAR] Oxfam cited estimates that rich individuals have placed a total of $7.6tn in offshore accounts, adding that if tax were paid on the income that this wealth generates, an extra $190bn would be available to governments every year. [PAR] The charity said as much as 30% of all African financial wealth was thought to be held offshore. The estimated loss of $14bn in tax revenues would be enough to pay for healthcare for mothers and children that could save 4 | 62 |
Found in birds, reptiles and some fish and insects, what name is given to the specialised stomach with a thick, muscular wall used for grinding up food? | [DOC] [TLE] The Earth Life Web, Anatomy of the Digestive System of FishThe Earth Life Web, Anatomy of the Digestive System of Fish [PAR] Fish anatomy 1: The Digestive Tract [PAR] As with all animals digestion in fish involves the breakdown of eaten food into its smaller component parts, amino acids, vitamins, fatty acids etc. which can then be used to build up new fish body. The breaking apart or breaking down of the eaten material is called anabolism, the building up of new material is called catabolism and these two together make up the whole of metabolism. Grammatically it follows from this that the respective adjectives are anabolic, catabolic and metabolic. [PAR] As anybody who has watched a gold fish knows quite well fish eat and defecate. Like all animals the fish's body is basically a long tube that is twisted up on itself a bit in the middle and has a layer of muscles and ancillary organs around it. This tube has the mouth at one end and the anus or cloaca at the other. Mostly we consider the mouth to be the entrance to the tube and the anus to be the exit, food items come in and faeces go out. Different things happen in different parts of the tube and for the sake of study and understanding we give the various parts names. [PAR] [PAR] Mouth - Pharynx - Oesophagus - Gizzard - Stomach - Intestines - Rectum. [PAR] However not all fish have all these parts , some, like many of the Cyprinids and Cyprinidonts, lack a stomach, while a gizzard is only found in a relatively few species. [PAR] The Mouth [PAR] Food is brought into the body via the mouth, and the jaws of modern teleost fish are a mechanical wonder, and the way the many bones work together is quite inspiring. However there is, as always a large variety in fish as a whole and the mouths of a Basking Shark, a Yellowfin Tuna and a Seahorse are quite different in both form and function. Lips are rare in fish, most species have a hard edge to their mouth. Some suction feeders that take in small prey items have small protractible lips that help give the mouth the form of a tube with a circular opening. [PAR] The tongue of fish is generally very simple, being a thick, horny and immovably pad in the lower jaw which may often be decorated with small teeth. In fish the tongue is not necessary for the manipulation of food as it is in terrestrial animals because the food items remain buoyed up by the water and can me moved threw the mouth adequately by control of the water flow and the placement of the teeth. The tongues of the Sharks and Rays (Elasmobranchs)are a little more movable. However the tongues of Hagfish and Lampreys are armed with teeth and highly movable. However the musculature behind this movability is quite different in the two groups. [PAR] The teeth of most fish are the fore-runners of vertebrate teeth with an outer layer of enamel and an inner core of dentine. A fish may have teeth at the front of its mouth and along the jaws and in the pharynx as well as on its tongue. [PAR] The teeth of Elasmobranchs are simply embedded in the gum, and not attached to the cartilage that supports the jaw. In fish there is a continuum stretching from the PaddlefishPolyodon spathula where the teeth are embedded in the gums and not connected to the jaw bones at all through a few species like the Pike (Esox lucius) wherein the teeth are loosely attached to the jaws by means of fibrous ligaments to the majority of fish which have the teeth ankylosed, or tightly and immovably bound by fibrous tissue, to the bones of the jaws etc. In a few species of the Characidae the teeth are implanted in special sockets of the jaw bones. [PAR] Most species of fish, as well as sharks and rays, have polyphyodont teeth, meaning the teeth are continually replaced as they wear out or are lost. In the Elasmobranchs the teeth are arranged in parallel rows situated behind the functional set. Those teeth waiting to replace lost or damaged teeth lie flat against the gum and point | gizzard |
In which palace was Robert the Bruce crowned in 1306? | [DOC] [TLE] Scone Palace to host Robert the Bruce’s ‘Great Throne ...Scone Palace to host Robert the Bruce’s ‘Great Throne’ - Falkirk Herald [PAR] Scone Palace to host Robert the Bruce’s ‘Great Throne’ [PAR] Dawn Renton [PAR] Have your say [PAR] Scone Palace is travelling 700 years back in time to welcome a hand crafted replica of the throne of King Robert the Bruce who was crowned King of Scotland at the historic palace in 1306. [PAR] Created by the Strathleven Artisans in 2014 to mark the 700th anniversary of the Battle of Bannockburn, the group will deliver the throne to the Palace at 11.00am on Saturday (September 12) in full period costume to celebrate the throne’s Royal arrival. [PAR] The throne, which was created in partnership with Historic Scotland to celebrate King Robert’s identity and vision for Scotland, was constructed using timber from across Scotland including pieces from Scone Palace, Turnberry where Bruce was born and the battlefield at Bannockburn. Wood will also feature from one of the largest and oldest trees in Scotland, the Bruce Oak from Strathleven Estate, which fell following a fire in 2005. This tree would have been a sapling when the King himself owned the estate seven centuries ago. [PAR] Since the Bruce Oak fell, the throne project has been ten years in the making and has been exhibited internationally already since its completion, visiting Teba in Spain earlier this year with plans for it to travel to Pennsylvania, USA after its stay with Scone Palace. The Strathleven Artiszans, who aim to promote historical links to King Robert the Bruce and Kind David II, also plan to use the Throne as an educational tool to bring history to life. [PAR] Duncan Thomson, chairman of Strathleven Artisans, said: “Strathleven Artizans have worked since 2006 to promote Robert the Bruce, his family and the period in which he lived in our area. Robert the Bruce is one of Scotland’s best-known monarchs, and his story has captivated people for generations. It has been amazing being able to showcase the traditionally crafted throne to so many brand new audiences, both young and old, internationally and here in Scotland. We are delighted to bring the ‘Great Throne’ to Scone Palace where King Robert the Bruce was crowned all those years ago.” [PAR] The Throne is based on studies of Bruce’s seal of 1316 where he is sitting on a throne featuring clawed feet and four mythological creatures on the arm rests, facing north, south east and west to protect the King from every direction. [PAR] Margo Baird, head of marketing at Scone Palace, added: “It is an immense privilege to exhibit this incredibly intricate hand crafted throne. We hope many members of the public will visit to admire the throne’s craftmanship and be inspired to learn about this celebrated Scottish King who had such strong historical links to Scone Palace.” [PAR] Robert the Bruce’s throne will be on display at Scone Palace until October 31 before it embarks on another adventure with the Strathleven Artizans. [PAR] To find out more, visit www.scone-palace.co.uk or www.strathlevenartizans.com [PAR] Sign in[DOC] [TLE] Scone Palace hosts King Robert the Bruce’s hand crafted ...Scone Palace hosts King Robert the Bruce’s hand crafted ‘Great Throne’ | Scone Palace Perthshire [PAR] Scone Palace hosts King Robert the Bruce’s hand crafted ‘Great Throne’ [PAR] 14 September 2015 [PAR] Scone Palace has travelled 700 years back in time to welcome a hand crafted replica of the throne of King Robert the Bruce who was crowned King of Scotland at the historic palace in 1306. Created by the Strathleven Artisans in 2014 to mark the 700th anniversary of the Battle of Bannockburn, the group will delivered the throne to the Palace on Saturday, 12th September in full period costume to celebrate the throne’s Royal arrival. [PAR] The throne, which was created in partnership with Historic Scotland to celebrate King Robert’s identity and vision for Scotland, was constructed using timber from across Scotland including pieces from Scone Palace, Turnberry where Bruce was born and the battlefield at Bannockburn. Wood will also feature from one of the largest and oldest trees in Scotland, the Bruce Oak from Strathleven Estate, which fell following a fire in 2005. This tree would have been a sapling when the King | scone |
Which Eastern European car maker is a subsidiary of Renault? | [DOC] [TLE] RenaultGroupe Renault is a French multinational automobile manufacturer established in 1899. The company produces a range of cars and vans, and in the past has manufactured trucks, tractors, tanks, buses/coaches and autorail vehicles. [PAR] According to the Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d'Automobiles, in 2013 Renault was the eleventh biggest automaker in the world by production volume, with 50.5% of sales coming outside of Europe. The Renault–Nissan Alliance is the fourth-largest automotive group. [PAR] Headquartered in Boulogne-Billancourt, the Renault group is made up of the namesake Renault marque and subsidiaries, Automobile Dacia from Romania, and Renault Samsung Motors from South Korea. Renault has a 43.4% controlling stake in Nissan of Japan, a 37% indirectly-owned stake in AvtoVAZ of Russia, and a 1.55% stake in Daimler AG of Germany (since 2012, Renault manufactures engines for the Daimler's Mercedes A Class and B Class cars ). Renault also owns subsidiaries RCI Banque (automotive financing), Renault Retail Group (automotive distribution) and Motrio (automotive parts). Renault has various joint ventures, including Oyak-Renault (Turkey), Renault Pars (Iran). Carlos Ghosn is the current chairman and CEO. The French government owns a 19.73% share of Renault as of April 2015. [PAR] Renault Trucks, previously known as Renault Industriels, has been part of Volvo Trucks since 2001. Renault Agriculture became 100% owned by German agricultural equipment manufacturer CLAAS in 2008. [PAR] Together Renault and Nissan are investing €4 billion (US$5.16 billion) in eight electric vehicles over three to four years beginning in 2011. In 2013, new Renault vehicles had the lowest average CO2 emissions among generalist brands in Europe, with 110.1g/km. [PAR] Renault is known for its role in motor sport, particularly rallying, Formula 1 and Formula E. Its early work on mathematical curve modeling for car bodies is important in the history of computer graphics. [PAR] History [PAR] Founding and early years (1898–1918) [PAR] The Renault corporation was founded in 1899 as Société Renault Frères by Louis Renault and his brothers Marcel and Fernand. Louis was a bright, aspiring young engineer who had already designed and built several prototypes before teaming up with his brothers, who had honed their business skills working for their father's textile firm. While Louis handled design and production, Marcel and Fernand managed the business. [PAR] The first Renault car, the Renault Voiturette 1CV, was sold to a friend of Louis' father after giving him a test ride on 24 December 1898. [PAR] In 1903, Renault began to manufacture its own engines; until then it had purchased them from De Dion-Bouton. The first major volume sale came in 1905 when Société des Automobiles de Place bought Renault AG1 cars to establish a fleet of taxis. These vehicles were later used by the French military to transport troops during World War I which earned them the nickname "Taxi de la Marne." By 1907, a significant percentage London and Paris taxis had been built by Renault. Renault was also the best-selling foreign brand in New York in 1907 and 1908. In 1908 the company produced 3,575 units, becoming the country's largest car manufacturer. [PAR] The brothers recognised the value of publicity that participation in motor racing could generate for their vehicles. Renault made itself known through succeeding in the first city-to-city races held in Switzerland, producing rapid sales growth. Both Louis and Marcel raced company vehicles, but Marcel was killed in an accident during the 1903 Paris-Madrid race. Although Louis never raced again, his company remained very involved, including Ferenc Szisz winning the first Grand Prix motor racing event in a Renault AK 90CV in 1906. [PAR] Louis took full control of the company as the only remaining brother in 1906 when Fernand retired for health reasons. Fernand died in 1909 and Louis became the sole owner, renaming the company Société des Automobiles Renault (Renault Automobile Company). [PAR] Renault fostered its reputation for innovation from very early on. At the time, cars were luxury items. The price of the smallest Renaults | dacia |
What was the last novel in the Inspector Rebus series of novels, published in 2007? | [DOC] [TLE] Ian Rankin | Scottish author | Britannica.comIan Rankin | Scottish author | Britannica.com [PAR] Scottish author [PAR] Alternative Titles: Ian James Rankin, Jack Harvey [PAR] Ian Rankin [PAR] Josephine Tey [PAR] Ian Rankin, in full Ian James Rankin, pseudonym Jack Harvey (born April 28, 1960, Cardenden, Fife , Scotland ), Scottish best-selling crime novelist, creator of the Inspector Rebus series. (For Rankin’s reflections on the Scottish capital, see Edinburgh: A City of Stories .) [PAR] Ian Rankin, 2007. [PAR] Gareth Cattermole/Getty Images [PAR] Rankin grew up in a small coal-mining town, where at a young age he displayed a talent for writing poetry. He studied English literature at the University of Edinburgh , receiving a bachelor’s degree in 1982. While working on a never-finished Ph.D. in Scottish literature , he began writing the story that would become his first novel , The Flood (1986). It was published by a student-run press in Edinburgh . Set in a small town based on Rankin’s own birthplace, the debut was an exploration of the prejudices and superstitions of a fading community as reflected in its casting out of a young townswoman believed to be a witch. [PAR] The following year Rankin’s earliest crime novel, Knots & Crosses, introduced the character Inspector John Rebus, a rough-edged former military man serving in Scotland’s territorial police force. Rankin, who claimed to have had no intention of being a genre novelist, strayed for several years afterward from depicting what would become his most popular character, writing two unrelated novels in the interim . In 1990 he released his second book featuring the inspector. Rebus’s career would continue to unfold over two decades, culminating with his retirement in Exit Music (2007). Though Rankin maintained at the time that it was to be the last novel in the series, the superannuated Rebus was on the case again in Standing in Another Man’s Grave (2012), Saints of the Shadow Bible (2013), and Even Dogs in the Wild (2016). The series gave Rankin an opportunity to depict Scotland, in particular Edinburgh, in high, often bloody colour. Through the authority-flouting inspector’s investigations, which played out in classic police-procedure style, the capital city emerges as a vibrant textured place, filled with secretive corners and strange historical echoes. The Beat Goes On: The Complete Rebus Short Stories (2014) collected his short fiction featuring the hard-bitten inspector. [PAR] In addition to his Rebus books, Rankin wrote a handful of thrillers under the name Jack Harvey between 1993 and 1995. In 1997 the eighth Inspector Rebus novel, Black and Blue, became Rankin’s first international best seller. Inspired by the case of an unidentified serial killer thought to have operated in Glasgow in the 1960s, the work was also the basis of the first episode of the Rankin-penned Rebus, a 14-part television program based on the book series that aired in the United Kingdom in 2000–07. Other novels he wrote following the reported retirement of the Inspector Rebus character included The Complaints (2009), which featured another Scottish cop protagonist, Malcolm Fox, and Dark Entries (2009), a graphic novel centring on an occult detective’s investigation of a haunted reality television show set. [PAR] Britannica Stories[DOC] [TLE] Inspector RebusThe Inspector Rebus books are a series of detective novels by the Scottish author Ian Rankin. The novels, centred on Detective Inspector John Rebus, are mostly based in and around Edinburgh. [PAR] Content and style [PAR] The books are written in third person limited omniscient mode, focusing on Rebus, with the point of view sometimes shifting to colleagues, petty criminals or suspects. The stories belong to the genre of police procedural detective fiction, with a hardboiled aspect that has led to them being dubbed 'Tartan Noir'. [PAR] All the novels involve murders, suspicious deaths or disappearances, with Rebus taking on the task of solving the mystery. The resulting investigation (or investigations) depict a stark, uncompromising picture of Scotland, characterised by corruption, poverty, and organised crime. Along the way, Rebus has to struggle with internal police politics, a struggle | exit music |
Can you name the actress who links 'The Darling Buds of May' and 'Rosemary and Thyme'? | [DOC] [TLE] Watch Full Episodes of 'Rosemary and Thyme' | KCETWatch Full Episodes of 'Rosemary and Thyme' | KCET [PAR] Watch Full Episodes of 'Rosemary and Thyme' [PAR] Watch Full Episodes of 'Rosemary and Thyme' | KCET [PAR] [field_kl_primary_media_1] [PAR] Rosemary and Thyme [PAR] Watch Full Episodes of 'Rosemary and Thyme' [PAR] "Rosemary and Thyme" is a charming, contemporary crime series with a unique twist, as two gardening enthusiasts find themselves caught up in a series of murder mysteries. Combining beautiful British countryside and estate locations, gripping stories and strong performances, the storyline features two mature women looking for a new direction after major changes in their lives. Brought together by the sudden death of a mutual friend, lecturer Rosemary Boxer and newly-divorced former policewoman Laura Thyme discover a shared passion for horticulture and a talent for investigation. Starring Pam Ferris ("The Darling Buds of May," "Harry Potter and The Prisoner of Azkaban") and Felicity Kendal ("The Camomile Lawn," "The Good Life"), Rosemary and Thyme brings together two of public television's favorite genres -- gardening and mystery -- in a not-to-be missed series! [PAR] Video is courtesy of American Public Television.[DOC] [TLE] Little Dorrit star Pam Ferris on her 15 year rift with ...Little Dorrit star Pam Ferris on her 15 year rift with Catherine Zeta-Jones | Daily Mail Online [PAR] Little Dorrit star Pam Ferris on her 15 year rift with Catherine Zeta-Jones [PAR] comments [PAR] Pam Ferris has been an actress for four decades, although she made her name in the early 1990s playing Ma Larkin in ITV's The Darling Buds Of May. [PAR] She went on to play Laura Thyme in the whimsical detective drama Rosemary & Thyme alongside Felicity Kendal and is currently on our screens in the BBC adaptation of Dickens' Little Dorrit. [PAR] The 60-year-old actress lives in north London with her husband of 22 years, actor Roger Frost. [PAR] Can you believe it's been nearly 18 years since The Darling Buds Of May was first on television? [PAR] I most certainly can't. It's funny, looking back and seeing how we've all changed: Catherine Zeta-Jones still had the bloom of youth about her and, of course, David Jason, who played my husband, Pop, now has his shock of white hair. You fall into the trap of expecting everyone to look the same. I bumped into Philip Franks recently, who played Catherine's beau, Charlie, and I thought, 'My goodness, you've aged'. But of course he had - it's been nearly two decades. [PAR] TV star: Pam Ferris as Mrs General in Little Dorrit [PAR] Are you in touch with the cast? [PAR] Not really. I do occasionally send messages to Catherine, because we have a six degrees of separation thing going on. I've worked a couple of times with Danny DeVito, who is very good friends with her husband, Michael Douglas, so I send messages through him. I've never had a message back though. Many years ago, I was invited to the première of one of her films - I think it was Zorro - but my car got stuck in terrible traffic. It was a royal première and you're not allowed to be late, so I had to miss it. I've effectively been sending apology messages for nearly 15 years. [PAR] Is there any chance of a one-off sequel to the TV series? [PAR] I've wanted to do a sequel for so long, but I've had to reconcile myself to the fact that it won't happen. David and I did do a radio broadcast some years ago, based on the final book written by H.E. Bates, but it was never made for television. I think the problem was that, in the book, Pop has a heart attack and people didn't want to see that: Pop ailing and lying on his sick bed. They wanted him hale and hearty, and ruddy cheeked. Personally, though, I would have liked to see it done. [PAR] I understand that you're rather sad that | pam ferris |
In what city did Muhammad die? | [DOC] [TLE] PBS - Islam: Empire of Faith - Profiles - MuhammadPBS - Islam: Empire of Faith - Profiles - Muhammad [PAR] Muhammad, the prophet of Islam, was born in Mecca around the year 570. Orphaned before he had reached the age of six, he was raised under the protection of his uncle Abu Talib. Muhammad began working as a merchant and became known for his trustworthiness. [PAR] When he was about twenty-five, he married Khadija, a wealthy widow whose status elevated Muhammad's position in Meccan society. Muhammad and Khadija had four daughters and two sons, both of whom died in infancy. About fifteen or twenty years after his marriage, he began to have visions and hear mysterious voices. He sought solitude in a cave on Mount Hira on the outskirts of Mecca. One night during Ramadan, the traditional month of spiritual retreat, when Muhammad was about forty years old, an angel appeared to him in the form of a man and ordered him to; [PAR] Recite in the name of thy lord who created, [PAR] Created man from a clot; [PAR] Recite in the name of thy lord, [PAR] Who taught by the pen, [PAR] Taught man what he knew not. [PAR] Muhammad, fearing that he was being attacked by an evil spirit, fled down the mountain in terror. The voice called after him, "O Muhammad, you are the messenger of God, and I am the angel Gabriel." This revelation was soon followed by others about the one true God. Eventually, the angel told Muhammad to begin proclaiming God's message. [PAR] Muhammad slowly began to attract some followers, most of them young and of modest social standing, including his cousin Ali, the son of his uncle and protector Abu Talib. When Muhammad began to impugn the traditional polytheism of his native town, the rich and powerful merchants of Mecca realized that the religious revolution taking place under their noses might be disastrous for business, which was protected by the Meccan pantheon of gods and goddesses. The ruling elite ganged up against Muhammad and his followers, and began to persecute them. A few Meccans began to accept Muhammad's message, while other members of his clan came to support their kinsman out of family loyalty, even if they did not yet believe in his cause. [PAR] Muhammad's position in Mecca became hopeless when his wife Khadija and uncle Abu Talib died in quick succession. In 622 the local rulers of Mecca forced Muhammad and his small band of followers to leave the city. Muhammad accepted an invitation to settle in the oasis of Yathrib, located some eleven days (280 miles) north by camel, for the oasis had been nearly torn apart by wars between the clans, of which many were Jewish. [PAR] Muhammad's hegira from Mecca marks the beginning of a new polity. For the first time in Arabia members of a community were bound together not by the traditional ties of clan and tribe but by their shared belief in the one true God. Later believers, looking back on this event, recognized its seminal importance by designating it as the first year of their new era. In further recognition of this great event, the oasis of Yathrib came to be called Medina, "the city [of the Prophet]." [PAR] Muhammad, surrounded by his followers, lived in Medina for ten years, slowly winning over converts. Muhammad made repeated attempts to attract the Jews to his cause, for example, he directed that believers worship like the Jews in the direction of Jerusalem. Ultimately these attempts failed, and henceforth Muslims prayed in the direction of the Kaaba in Mecca. Muhammad's native town, which had long been a center of paganism, thereby became the center of the true religion, the focal point of the believers' daily prayer, and eventually the object of their annual pilgrimage. [PAR] Raiding and warfare were the primary economic activities of the new community in Medina, and the rich caravans | medina |
What is the currency of Papua New Guinea? | [DOC] [TLE] Papua New Guinea Kina (PGK) Currency Exchange Rate ...Calculator for Papua New Guinea Kina (PGK) Currency Exchange Rate Conversion [PAR] Papua New Guinea Kina (PGK) Currency Exchange Rate Conversion Calculator [PAR] This currency convertor is up to date with exchange rates from January 17, 2017. [PAR] Enter the amount to be converted in the box to the left of the currency and press the "convert" button. To show Papua New Guinea Kina and just one other currency click on any other currency. [PAR] The Papua New Guinea Kina is the currency in Papua New Guinea (PG, PNG). The symbol for PGK can be written K. The Papua New Guinea Kina is divided into 100 toeas. The exchange rate for the Papua New Guinea Kina was last updated on January 15, 2017 from Bloomberg. The PGK conversion factor has 4 significant digits.[DOC] [TLE] PGK - Papua New Guinean Kina rates, news, and toolsPGK - Papua New Guinean Kina rates, news, and tools [PAR] PGK - Papua New Guinean Kina [PAR] Papua New Guinea, Kina [PAR] The Papua New Guinean Kina is the currency of Papua New Guinea. Our currency rankings show that the most popular Papua New Guinea Kina exchange rate is the PGK to AUD rate . The currency code for Kina is PGK, and the currency symbol is K. Below, you'll find Papua New Guinean Kina rates and a currency converter. You can also subscribe to our currency newsletters with daily rates and analysis, read the XE Currency Blog , or take PGK rates on the go with our XE Currency Apps and website.[DOC] [TLE] Papua New Guinea Kina Exchange Rates - Currency ConverterPapua New Guinea Kina Exchange Rates - Kina (PGK) Currency Converter - Papua New Guinea Currency [PAR] rates at 00:00 GMTFri, 20 January, 2017 [PAR] Papua New Guinea Kina Info [PAR] The code for the Papua New Guinea Kina is PGK [PAR] The symbol for the Papua New Guinea Kina is [PAR] The Kina is divided into 100 toeas [PAR] For 2017, one Dollar has equalled [PAR] average: 3.171[DOC] [TLE] General information | Papua New Guinea currency | Papua ...General information | Papua New Guinea currency | Papua New Guinea language [PAR] General Information About Papua New Guinea [PAR] Currency [PAR] The currency is the PNG Kina, with daily exchange rates listed in banks, newspapers and at Papua New Guinea accommodation properties. Papua New Guinea's currency is the Kina which is divided into 100 toea. K100, K50, K20, K10, K5 and K2 notes and a K1 coin are in circulation. [PAR] Money can be exchanged at Jackson's Airport. Travellers’ cheques and international credit cards are accepted in major hotels and restaurants and some shops or can be cashed at banks throughout the country, which are open from 9.00am to 3.00pm Monday - Thursdays and 9.00 - 4.00pm on Fridays. [PAR] Value Added Tax (VAT) [PAR] All transactions within Papua New Guinea's hotels, restaurants and bars are subject to 10% tax which is included in published prices. [PAR] Credit Cards [PAR] Port Moresby hotels , restaurants, shops, rental car companies, Papua New Guinea tours and cruise operators and travel agents accept most major credit cards including Amex, Diners, Master Cards and Visa Cards. [PAR] Language [PAR] More than 800 distinct languages are spoken in Papua New Guinea . Melanesian Pidgin and Hiri Motu are the two most widely used, although English is the official language in education, businesses and government circles. [PAR] Geography [PAR] Looking at the Papua New Guinea map , we can see that it lies just south of the Equator and 160km to the north of Australia . With a total land mass of about 473.189sq.km, the country encompasses the eastern side of New Guinea Island - the second largest island in the world, plus some 600 other islands, atolls and coral reefs and more than 800 indigenous languages (tok ples), and is home to the largest area of intact rainforest outside of the amazon. [PAR] Vast tracts of the country are wild and undeveloped, with magnificent scenery that ranges from pristine coral atolls to volcanic mountains, dense tropical rainforest and large rivers. The mainland is divided by the Owen Stanley | kina |
Starr Gate and Imperial Hotel are stops on which tram system? | [DOC] [TLE] Tram Stops : Blackpool Tramway : TheTrams.co.ukTram Stops : Blackpool Tramway : TheTrams.co.uk [PAR] Blackpool Tramway [PAR] Blackpool Tramway : Tram Stops [PAR] There are 61 tram stops on the Blackpool tramway. Many of these are no more than a stop sign (similar to a bus stop) at the side of the tramway, while others have shelters, again similar to bus stops. A small number have more substantial buildings, such as Bispham and Little Bispham . [PAR] Tram stops are fairly close together, more in line with the spacing of bus stops than light rail stops. Minor stops on the reserved right-of-way sections north of Cleveleys have a similar feel to the railway halts of a bygone age. [PAR] To view all Blackpool tram stops in Google Earth's satellite imagery, click here (requires Google Earth software—available for Windows Vista/XP/2000, Mac OS X 10.4.0+ and Linux). Each tram stop page also has a link to Google Earth imagery of that tram stop. [PAR] Click on stop name for pictures, or go to the route page for a clickable route map [PAR] Stop[DOC] [TLE] New tram system - Blackpool Message Board - TripAdvisorNew tram system - Blackpool Message Board - TripAdvisor [PAR] 6. Re: New tram system [PAR] 11 April 2012, 13:24 [PAR] After 9.30am it can get pretty busy on Blackpool Transport, as all the bus passes come out of the woodwork! Don't worry though, the new LRV 'trams' can also accommodate at least 149 people STANDING!!! [PAR] Report inappropriate content [PAR] 7. Re: New tram system [PAR] 19 June 2013, 12:42 [PAR] -:- Message from TripAdvisor staff -:- [PAR] This topic has been closed to new posts due to inactivity. We hope you'll join the conversation by posting to an open topic or starting a new one. [PAR] To review the TripAdvisor Forums Posting Guidelines, please follow this link: http://www.tripadvisor.com/pages/forums_posting_guidelines.html [PAR] We remove posts that do not follow our posting guidelines, and we reserve the right to remove any post for any reason. [PAR] Removed on: 19 June 2013, 12:42 [PAR] 1-7 of 7 replies[DOC] [TLE] Fylde Tramway SocietyFylde Tramway Society [PAR] Opened on 29th September 1885 this standard gauge (1435mm) tramway started life as a conduit line on Blackpool Promenade between Cocker Street (just north of Talbot Square) and Dean Street (near South Pier). The Depot was situated in Blundell Street. The Blackpool Electric Tramway Company operated the line until 1892 when it was taken over by Blackpool Corporation after expiry of the lease. In 1895 an extension was built from Manchester Square along Lytham Road to South Shore Station where it met the Lytham St. Annes system (see below). Another extension from Station Road to Squires Gate was operated by a horse-drawn car. Still in 1895 the tracks to South Pier were extended slightly to Victoria (South Pier) and a line along Station Road connected Lytham Road with the Promenade in 1897. 1899 saw the conduit system being replaced by the conventional overhead wire method. In 1900 the line was extended north to Gynn Square where it met the Blackpool & Fleetwood Tramroad (see below). The Marton loop opened in 1901. It connected Talbot Square and Central Station (near the Tower) via Church Street, Devonshire Square, Whitegate Drive, Waterloo Road and Central Drive. A new depot was built on Whitegate Drive, Marton . Layton was reached in 1902 by a line from Talbot Square via Talbot Road and Royal Oak via Middle Lane (Central Drive). The Promenade line was running on a double track paved reservation by 1905 and had reached Pleasure Beach in 1903. Blackpool Corporation took over the Blackpool & Fleetwood Tramroad Company in 1920 and the system thus gained another eight route miles of track (with six on private reservation), two depots in Fleetwood and one in Bispham. The small Bold Street Depot in Fleetwood was soon closed and a loop constructed at Fleetwood Ferry (between Rossall and Broadwater a more direct diversion was also later built in 1925). The original Blundell Street Depot eventually became too small and a larger site was developed across the road in Rigby Road from 1920. The final tramway extension came in 1926 when the line was extended along | blackpool |
What dessert means 'cooked cream' in Italian? | [DOC] [TLE] LUIGI'S TASTES OF ITALY: Panna Cotta (Cooked Cream Dessert)LUIGI'S TASTES OF ITALY: Panna Cotta (Cooked Cream Dessert) [PAR] LUIGI'S TASTES OF ITALY [PAR] Benvenuti al Tutti! [PAR] Welcome to Luigi's Tastes of Italy [PAR] This blog is my small dedication to Italian cooking, and is abolutely 100% free of pretentiousness, complicated ingredients, or any effort to present Italian cuisine as anything other than it really is, very simple. [PAR] Hope you enjoy reading my posts and maybe trying out some of the recipes. [PAR] Saturday, 9 January 2010 [PAR] Panna Cotta (Cooked Cream Dessert) [PAR] Whenever we are dining out, or visiting family. I suddenly for some strange reason, break out in feelings of guilt for eating rich foods in quantity, so wishing not to appear greedy, more often than not I decline the dessert course. [PAR] And I usually make the quite shocking claim of: [PAR] "I don't do desserts". [PAR] Whenever I utter those words however, it always later causes fits of giggles, and teasing, from my other half when we get home. Sometimes lasting days. [PAR] The reason for her cruel laughter, and mockery, is that whenever there is any leftover sweet desserts such as Sticky Toffee Pudding, Treacle Sponge, or Chocolate Cake in the fridge at home. It always dissapears quite quickly. In fact it dissapears almost instantly. [PAR] Assuming quite correctly then, that the cat is unable to open the refridgerator, it does not take Hercule Poirot, Miss Marple, or Sherlock Holmes to deduce that it only leaves me as the possible culprit. [PAR] So for someone who does not do desserts, it might come as a surprise that I am blogging about a favourite Italian dessert, called panna cotta. [PAR] Panna cotta literally means cooked cream. In essensce that is precisely what it is. Normally I serve it with some kind of contrasting flavour. Generally raspberries, lightly cooked down with a little sugar, and a dash of lemon juice. In the variation given here, I add some rind from oranges and lemons, and a dash of orange liquor (Cointreau or Triple Sec is fine). [PAR] The only recommendation I have for the ingredients, is to try and source gelatin sheets (leaf), rather than powder. Although the powder works just fine. It is a little more variable in the results it produces, sometimes creating 'panna rocka' instead of 'panna cotta'. Using the sheets, I have always had excellent results, and very creamy just set, textures. [PAR] Many other recipes I have seen call for lining the ramekins with cling film, in my opinion a waste of time and money. By simply placing the finished rammekins in a little hot water for 10 seconds prior to serving, they "turn out" easily. [PAR] INGREDIENTS:[DOC] [TLE] Why Panna Cotta Is the Perfect Dessert | The KitchnWhy Panna Cotta Is the Perfect Dessert | The Kitchn [PAR] Why Panna Cotta Is the Perfect Dessert [PAR] Why Panna Cotta Is the Perfect Dessert [PAR] Email [PAR] The word "perfect" is a one-size-fits-all label in the blogosphere, applied to everything from our lipstick du jour or the latest chocolate cookie to blow our minds. So when I use the word perfect to describe the dessert that I think has it all, the dessert that everyone should have memorized and ready to go, I do so with some trepidation. Does perfect go too far? No, it doesn't. Panna cotta can always be the right dessert — whether you're throwing a fancy party or a small one, have lots of time or no time, are gluten-free, dairy-free, allergy-prone, vegan, or simply craving a delicious and creamy sweet. It's perfect. Let me tell you why. [PAR] I may sound like one obsessed, but I think this dessert is so winning, that I was compelled (and lucky!) to write a book about it, as well as its pudding and no-bake dessert cousins ( Bakeless Sweets: Pudding, Panna Cotta, Fluff, Icebox Cake, and More No-Bake | panna cotta |
Which river is formed at Launceston in Tasmania by the merging of the North Esk and South Esk rivers - a river of the same name forms much of the boundary between Devon and Cornwall? | [DOC] [TLE] Launceston, TasmaniaLaunceston (, often mispronounced) is a city in the north of Tasmania, Australia at the junction of the North Esk and South Esk rivers where they become the Tamar River. Launceston is the second largest city in Tasmania after Hobart. With a population of 74,085, Launceston is the ninth largest non-capital city in Australia. It is the only inland city in Tasmania. [PAR] Settled by Europeans in March 1806, Launceston is one of Australia's oldest cities and is home to many historic buildings. Like many Australian places, it was named after a town in the United Kingdom – in this case, Launceston, Cornwall. Launceston has also been home to several firsts such as the first use of anaesthetic in the Southern Hemisphere, the first Australian city to have underground sewers and the first Australian city to be lit by hydroelectricity. The city has a temperate climate with four distinct seasons. Local government is split between the City of Launceston and the Meander Valley and West Tamar Councils. [PAR] History [PAR] The first inhabitants of the area of Launceston were largely nomadic Aboriginal Tasmanians believed to have been part of the North Midlands Tribe. [PAR] The first white visitors did not arrive until 1798, when George Bass and Matthew Flinders were sent to explore the possibility that there was a strait between Australia and Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania). They originally landed in Port Dalrymple (the mouth of the Tamar River), 40 km to the north-west of Launceston. [PAR] The first significant colonial settlement in the region dates from 1804, when the commandant of the British garrison Lt. Col. William Paterson, and his men set up a camp on the current site of George Town. A few weeks later, the settlement was moved across the river to York Town, and a year later was moved to its definitive position where Launceston stands. [PAR] Initially the settlement was called Patersonia; however, Paterson later changed the name to Launceston in honour of the New South Wales Governor Captain Philip Gidley King, who was born in Launceston, Cornwall. The name still survives in the tiny hamlet of Patersonia 18 km north-west of Launceston. Paterson himself also served as Lieutenant-Governor of northern Van Diemen's Land from 1804 to 1808. [PAR] By 1827, Launceston's population had climbed to 2,000 and the town had become an export centre, mainly for the colony's northern pastoral industry. Small hotels and breweries began to emerge in the 1820s, before larger, more "substantial" hotels were built in the 1830s. Sporting groups, political groups, churches and schools were often established in these hotels; however, they also hosted plays, musical soirees and readings, until theatres were built. [PAR] Walter George Arthur, who petitioned Queen Victoria in 1847 while interned with other Aboriginal Tasmanians on Flinders Island, lived for several years in Launceston as one of numerous homeless children, before being taken into custody by George Augustus Robinson who sent him to the Boy's Orphan School in Hobart in 1832. [PAR] Newer popular team sports such as cricket and football failed to be sustained in Launceston before the population grew substantially. The sports were initially middle class recreations, as the working class found it difficult to participate after a six-day working week. Nevertheless, a "demand for facilities" lead to the upgrade of the Northern Tasmanian Cricket Association Ground (NTCA Ground) amongst other sporting facilities in the 1860s. Not long beforehand, Tasmania played Victoria in Australia's first first-class cricket match at the NTCA Ground in 1851. [PAR] Tin was discovered at Mount Bischoff in 1871 in north-western Tasmania, starting a minerals boom. Gold mining commenced approximately 50 km away in Beaconsfield in 1877. During the following two decades Launceston grew from a small town into an urban centre. In 1889, Launceston was the second town in Tasmania to be declared a city, after state capital Hobart. [PAR] Geography [PAR] Launceston is at in the Tamar Valley, Northern Tasmania. The valley was formed by volcanic and glacial forces over 10 million years ago.Wooley and Tatlow, p. 1. [PAR] The | tamar |
In which town would you find the English entrance to the 'Channel Tunnel (Eurotunnel)? | [DOC] [TLE] Calais (Tunnel ) - EuroDriveCalais (Tunnel) - EuroDrive [PAR] Calais (Tunnel) [PAR] EuroDrive - the smart way to book your ferry on-line [PAR] Calais (Tunnel) [PAR] Just inland from the busy Port of Calais with its numerous daily P&O Ferries, Seafrance and Hoverspeed car ferry services from Dover is Calais Coquelles International Terminal for the Channel Tunnel, also known as Chunnel or le tunnel sous la Manche. The rail tunnel, operated by Eurotunnel, is 50 km long of which 39 km are undersea. It connects Cheriton in Kent, England with Sangatte in northern France. Rail services carry vehicles as well as passengers and freight. The Tunnel was a long-standing project that saw several false starts â for more history, click here for Eurotunnel . Since Eurotunnel introduced the Folkestone to Calais Channel Tunnel route in 1994 and added a new dimension to cross channel travel, it has become a favourite and nearly 7 million passengers travel through the tunnel every year - some 2.3 million motorists travelled in 2003 alone. The journey from Folkestone to Calais takes just 35 minutes. The Passenger Terminal Building at Calais Coquelles has all the modern facilities you would expect including a wide selection of High Street shops such as Euroshop, Carat or "découvrir la France", restaurants to sample French cuisine like "La brioche dorée", "Le Fournil de Pierre" and "le petit Bistro", toilets, telephones and a rest area, etc. [PAR] Calais Town. The English occupied Calais from 1347 to 1558 and it became a valued bridgehead that English kings clung to as a base for trade with the Continent, and from which to send armies into Continental wars. The town was captured again by the Spanish in 1596 but returned to France under the Treaty of Vervins in 1598. Virtually the entire town was flattened in WWII. The town centre is dominated by its distinctive Hotel de Ville (town hall), built in the Flemish Renaissance style with the famous statue of the "Six Burghers of Calais" immediately in front. Take a stroll and see the Citadel's ancient walls and the Watch Tower. Then visit the Church Tower of Notre Dame now being restored to its former glory. For the lovers of History - visit the Musée des Beaux-Arts et de la Dentelle and 'Little England'. The German wartime military headquarters is now open to the public as Calais War Museum. [PAR] Calais Shopping. Calais has a huge selection of shops - three hypermarkets, half a dozen supermarkets and in the town centre a variety of independent, family-run shops, as well as two colourful Saturday markets. Many British visit Calais to stock up on cheap beer, wine and spirits at the out-of-town hypermarkets and Cite Europe shopping complex, however, an increasing number find shopping in the town a much more rewarding experience. Choose from a mouth-watering selection of chocolates, bread, cheese and charcuterie in specialist shops. You can buy designer label clothes and lingerie in chic boutiques. Pick-up bargains of china, glass, linen, luggage, and even DIY products. Once youâve finished shopping, get a taste of the real France. Calais has an excellent choice of restaurants to suit all tastes and pockets. [PAR] Around Calais. Calais and the surrounding coast and country offer a perfect base for a short break. It offers a breathtaking coastline with mile upon mile of huge empty beaches of fine white sand with the tall cliffs of Cap Blanc Nez and Cap Grips Nez. Inland is countryside of rolling hills, small river valleys and forests. High standard modestly priced accommodation and restaurants to suit most pockets and tastes can be found throughout the area to offer a taste of the real France. Nearby villages offer great versatility. Visit too the Nazi's V2 rocket base at La Coupole just a few minutes drive from Calais. Experience Hitler's massive Dome of Destruction Visit the Transparent Man, at le Cité Europe, a remarkable, state-of-the-art multimedia tour of the human body - it's educational and fun for the whole family. [PAR] Calais Access by Car. The Port of Calais is directly | folkestone |
Queen Elizabeth II is reigning queen and head of how many sovereign states? | [DOC] [TLE] Queen Elizabeth II Facts | KidsKonnectQueen Elizabeth II Facts | KidsKonnect [PAR] Worksheets / People /Queen Elizabeth II Facts [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II Facts [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II is the Queen of 16 of the 53 member states in the Commonwealth of Nations. She is also Head of the Commonwealth and Supreme Governor of the Church of England. She became the Queen on 6 February 1952 and her Coronation was on 2 June 1953. For more information on Her Majesty the Queen, see the fact file below. [PAR] Download the Queen Elizabeth Worksheet [PAR] Download and use this worksheet in the classroom or at home to increase your students' Queen Elizabeth knowledge. [PAR] Father was Prince Albert, Duke of York (later King George VI) [PAR] and mother was Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon, House of Windsor [PAR] Marriage/Spouse [PAR] Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh [PAR] Children [PAR] 4 children: Charles, Anne, Andrew, Edward [PAR] Education [PAR] Became Queen England II of England on June 2, 1953. [PAR] Reason for Fame [PAR] Elizabeth is head of the Commonwealth and Queen [PAR] of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United Kingdom, Canada, [PAR] Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon, later renamed Sri Lanka. [PAR] During her reign, she became queen of 25 other countries [PAR] within the Commonweath as they gained independence from Britain. [PAR] She has been the sovereign of 32 individual nations, but half of them later became republics. [PAR] Additional Information [PAR] During World War II, she joined the Women’s Auxiliary Territorial Service [PAR] as No. 230873 Second Subbaltern Elizabeth Windsor. [PAR] She trained as a driver and mechanic, drove a military truck [PAR] and rose to the rank of Junior Commander. She is the last surviving head of state [PAR] who served in uniform during World War II. [PAR] Facts & Information [PAR] Elizabeth II was born on 21 April 1926. Her parents were the Duke and Duchess of York (who later went on to become King George VI and Queen Elizabeth, The Queen mother. [PAR] Elizabeth II was made Queen (her ‘coronation’) on 2 June 1953. She was 26 years old. [PAR] Elizabeth is known as ‘II’ because she is the second Elizabeth to take the throne and become Queen. Elizabeth, the Queen Mother was her mother. [PAR] Alongside being Queen of the United Kingdom, Elizabeth II is also Queen of Australia, New Zealand and Canada, as well as the independent countries in the Caribbean: [PAR] Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, the Bahamas, Belize, Grenada, Jamaica, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands and Tuvalu. [PAR] Elizabeth II is Head of the Commonwealth; a group of 53 sovereign states. In 1960 she was given her own flag to symbolize this position, although this has now been replaced by the British Royal Standard. [PAR] Elizabeth II is the world’s oldest reigning monarch. She is also Britain’s longest-lived Queen. No other King or Queen has reigned for as long as Elizabeth II. [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II celebrated her Silver Jubilee in 1977 (25 years on the throne), her Golden Jubilee in 2002 (50 years on the throne) and her Diamond Jubilee in 2012 (60 years on the throne). [PAR] In 2016, the Queen celebrated her 90th birthday on 21 April. [PAR] The Queen only has one sibling: a younger sister named Margaret. Her correct title is ‘Princess Margaret’. [PAR] Elizabeth II is married to Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark. They married when Elizabeth was 21 years old at Westminster Abbey in London. Prince Philip is also known as the Duke of Edinburgh. [PAR] Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip have four children: Prince Charles, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew and Prince Edward. [PAR] Even though Queen Elizabeth II is 90 years old, she does not plan to step down (abdicate) from the throne. If she does abdicate, the person next in line to become King is her son, Prince Charles. [PAR] The Queen’s official residence is Buckingham Palace in London although she has many other homes around the UK, including Windsor Castle, Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle | sixteen |
Which French cyclist's nickname means 'The Badger'? | [DOC] [TLE] The Badger: what's in a name? - Penguin BooksThe Badger: what's in a name? [PAR] The Badger: what's in a name? [PAR] On writing [PAR] The Badger: what's in a name? [PAR] William Fotheringham, author of Bernard Hinault and the Fall and Rise of French Cycling, on the last ‘old-school’ cycling champion - and the meaning behind his unusual nickname [PAR] The bull dog knows his match and waxes cold, [PAR] The badger grins and never leaves his hold. [PAR] He drives the crowd and follows at their heels [PAR] And bites them between through – the drunkard swears and reels. [PAR] ‘Badger’, John Clare [PAR] I bought the cuddly little badger from a man in a van by the roadside on the Col des Saisies during the first mountain stage of the Tour de France in 1992. It was sold in aid of the Perce-Neige (snowdrop) handicap charity founded by the actor Lino Ventura but was one of those souvenirs that you acquire in a spirit of ironic disbelief, because of its total incongruousness. [PAR] The soft-furred, smiley-faced toy wearing a yellow tee-shirt doesn’t have any of the qualities the cycling fan of the time would associate with Bernard Hinault. The cuddly blaireau was a rare attempt to market one of the most distinctive nicknames in cycling. Bernard Hinault as Le Blaireau is where identification of the nickname with the person it describes is instant and total. [PAR] A man of the country [PAR] There is a slight physical resemblance that has been noted by some, such as the journalist François Thomazeau – ‘Very little eyes, his nose, the shape of his face’. The nickname also reflects a key part of Hinault’s identity: Hinault remains un paysan, in the literal sense of a man of the country. [PAR] When he told me that he could shoot, pluck and cook a pheasant, and choose the wine to go with it, that wasn’t mere bravado. His team mate Jean-François Bernard recalled one occasion when they were setting off to go training from Hinault’s home at Quessoy, when a pheasant walked down the drive. It was a big mistake on the pheasant’s part: ‘He went back to the house to get his gun, without taking his cycling shoes off, and still in his cycling kit, bang, he shot the pheasant.’ Another time, Bernard recalled, they went training – this was just before Hinault won the 1984 Tour of Lombardy – and the Breton bumped into a farmer who wanted to show him his land. ‘There he was on a tractor in the middle of these vast beetroot fields and there we were waiting by the road.’ [PAR] 'I get my claws out' [PAR] Most importantly, Hinault’s persona as Le Blaireau reflected the way he raced, and the way he wanted to be perceived as racing. It’s far from sentimental. ‘A devil of an animal to deal with in a tight corner,’ he told me with relish in 1993. [PAR] Ten years later, he went into more detail for l’Equipe, ‘A badger is a beautiful thing. When it’s hunted it goes into its sett and waits. When it comes out again, it attacks. That’s the reason for my nickname. When I’m annoyed I go home, you don’t see me for a month. When I come out again, I win. You attack me, I get my claws out. I go home, get myself sorted out, then I win. I’m a badger. I’m not a nice animal.’[DOC] [TLE] The Book | Slaying the BadgerThe Book | Slaying the Badger [PAR] Slaying the Badger [PAR] Greg LeMond, Bernard Hinault, and the Greatest Tour de France [PAR] Search [PAR] The Book [PAR] It is July, 1986. [PAR] Bernard Hinault is “Le Blaireau,” the Badger. Tough as old boots, he is the old warrior of the French peloton, as revered as he is feared for his ferocious attacks. He has won 5 Tours de France, marking his name into the history books as a member of cycling’s most exclusive | bernard hinault |
Who had a number one hit in 1961 with Runaway? | [DOC] [TLE] 1961 #2. Runaway - Del Shannon - YouTube1961 #2. Runaway - Del Shannon - YouTube [PAR] 1961 #2. Runaway - Del Shannon [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Jun 4, 2015 [PAR] "Runaway" was a number-one Billboard Hot 100 song made famous by Del Shannon in 1961. It was written by Shannon and keyboardist Max Crook, and became a major international hit. It is No. 472 on Rolling Stone 's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time from 2010. [PAR] Singer-guitarist Charles Westover and keyboard player Max Crook performed together as members of "Charlie Johnson and the Big Little Show Band" in Battle Creek, Michigan, before their group won a recording contract in 1960. Westover took the new stage name "Del Shannon", and Crook, who had invented his own clavioline-based electric keyboard called a Musitron, became "Maximilian". [PAR] After their first recording session for Big Top Records in New York City had ended in failure, their manager Ollie McLaughlin persuaded them to rewrite and re-record an earlier song they had written, "Little Runaway", to highlight Crook's unique instrumental sound. On 24 Jan 1961, they recorded "Runaway" at the Bell Sound recording studios, with Harry Balk as producer, Fred Weinberg as audio engineer and also session musician on several sections- session musician Al Caiola on guitar, and Crook playing the central Musitron break. Other musicians on the record included Al Casamenti and Bucky Pizzarelli on guitar, Milt Hinton on bass, and Joe Marshall on drums. Bill Ramall, who was the arranger for the session, also played baritone sax. After recording in A minor, producer Balk sped up the recording to pitch just below a B-flat minor. "Runaway" was released in February 1961 and was immediately successful. On 10 April of that year, Shannon appeared on Dick Clark's American Bandstand helping to catapult it to the number one spot on the Billboard charts where it remained for four weeks. Two months later, it also reached number one in the UK. On the R&B charts, "Runaway" peaked at number three. The song was #5 on the Billboard Hot 100 Year-End Chart in 1961. [PAR] Appearing on David Letterman in 1986, Shannon reprised his hit backed by Paul Schaeffer and the band. He was introduced as having sold as much as 80,000 singles of 'Runaway' per day, at its height. [PAR] Del Shannon re-recorded it in 1967 as "Runaway '67". This version was issued as a single but failed to make the Hot 100. [PAR] Category[DOC] [TLE] Del Shannon - Runaway (Rare Stereo Version) - YouTubeDel Shannon - Runaway (Rare Stereo Version) - YouTube [PAR] Del Shannon - Runaway (Rare Stereo Version) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Dec 15, 2010 [PAR] "Runaway" was a number one Billboard Hot 100 song in the spring of 1961 by Del Shannon. It was written by Shannon and keyboardist Max Crook, and became a major international hit. [PAR] It is #466 on Rolling Stone's list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time. [PAR] The song was notably covered by Bonnie Raitt in 1977. [PAR] Singer-guitarist Charles Westover and keyboard player Max Crook performed together as members of "Charlie Johnson and the Big Little Show Band" in Battle Creek, Michigan, before their group won a recording contract in 1960. Westover took the new stage name "Del Shannon", and Crook, who had invented his own clavioline-based electric keyboard called a Musitron, became | del shannon |
"What is the title of an American comedy-drama presented mostly as the daydreams of Dr. John ""J.D."" Dorian, that follows the lives of employees of Sacred Heart, a teaching hospital?" | [DOC] [TLE] RedBalcony > Christa Miller and Sarah Chalke in bikini on ...RedBalcony > Christa Miller and Sarah Chalke in bikini on Scrubs [PAR] Hip Hop [PAR] Christa Miller and Sarah Chalke in bikini on Scrubs [PAR] Scrubs is an American comedy-drama created in 2001 by Bill Lawrence and produced currently by ABC Studios. The show follows the lives of several employees of Sacred Heart, a teaching hospital. It features fast-paced dialogue, slapstick, and surreal vignettes presented mostly as the daydreams of the central character, Dr. John "J.D." Dorian, played by Zach Braff. [PAR] [DOC] [TLE] Scrubs dvd | Flickr - Photo Sharing!Scrubs dvd | Scrub season 1-9 online dvds is an American com… | Flickr [PAR] photo album of dvds By: photo album of dvds [PAR] Scrubs dvd [PAR] Scrub season 1-9 online dvds is an American comedy-drama television series created in 2001 by Bill Lawrence and produced by ABC Studios. The show follows the lives of several employees of Sacred Heart, a teaching hospital. It features fast-paced screenplay, slapstick, and surreal vignettes presented mostly as the daydreams of the central character, Dr. John "J.D." Dorian, who is played by Zach Braff. The ninth season saw the transition from Braff as the central character to Kerry Bishé, who plays Lucy Bennett. The show's title is a play on surgical scrubs and a term for a low-ranking or insignificant person (at the beginning of the show, most of the main characters were medical interns, one of the lowest ranks in the medical hierarchy). [PAR] Done[DOC] [TLE] Scrubs OnlineScrubs Online [PAR] Scrubs Online [PAR] Scrubs Tv [PAR] Scrubs is an American comedy-drama created in 2001 by Bill Lawrence and produced currently by ABC Studios. The show follows the lives of several employees of Sacred Heart, a teaching hospital. It features fast-paced dialogue, slapstick, and surreal vignettes presented mostly as the daydreams of the central character, Dr. John "J.D." Dorian. [PAR] A complete script is written for each episode of Scrubs; however, actors are given opportunities to improvise their lines during the shooting process. The series has repeatedly featured guest appearances by movie actors not generally seen on episodic television, such as Colin Farrell, Heather Graham, and Brendan Fraser. [PAR] Scrubs premiered on October 2, 2001 on NBC. During the seventh season, NBC announced that it would not renew the show. Shortly after the seventh season finale, ABC announced that it had bought the rights to the show and on January 6, 2009, the eighth season of Scrubs premiered on ABC. The eighth season finale aired on May 6, 2009. Scrubs has been renewed for a ninth season and both Zach Braff and Sarah Chalke have signed on for six episodes. [PAR] The show's title is a play on surgical scrubs and the slang term for a "low-life" level individual (the main cast of the show was originally made up of medical interns, one of the lowest ranks in the medical hierarchy). [PAR] Posted by[DOC] [TLE] The hottest scene of Scrubs - JD and Elliot Sex Scene ...The hottest scene of Scrubs - JD and Elliot Sex Scene - YouRepeat [PAR] Add our chrome extension to repeat YouTube videos at the click of a button [PAR] The hottest scene of Scrubs - JD and Elliot Sex Scene [PAR] Choose your time range using the slider. [PAR] Start: [PAR] Use this link to share your repeat [PAR] GIF Creation Settings [PAR] Separate tags with commas or press enter (max 5 tags) [PAR] Quick GIF Create [PAR] Scrubs JD and Elliot bedscene Ses 8 Ep 6 [PAR] Scrubs [PAR] Scrubs is an American medical comedy-drama television series created by Bill Lawrence that aired from October 2, 2001 to March 17, 2010 on NBC and later ABC. The series follows the lives of employees at the fictional Sacred Heart teaching hospital. The title is a play on surgical scrubs and a term for a low-ranking person because at the beginning of the series, most of the main characters were medical interns. The series features fast-paced screenplay, slapstick, and surreal vignettes presented mostly as the daydreams of the central character, Dr. John "J.D." Dorian, who | scrubs |
"Which drink takes its name from the Russian for ""little water""?" | [DOC] [TLE] White Russian Recipe - How to Make a White RussianWhite Russian Recipe - How to Make a White Russian [PAR] How to Make a White Russian [PAR] You'll need vodka, Kahlua, and a couple other ingredients. [PAR] old-fashioned glass [PAR] Directions [PAR] Shake well with cracked ice, then strain into a chilled Old-Fashioned glass (it'll look less wicked than in a martini glass; that's important). [PAR] Some folks build this one on the rocks, floating the cream on top. No. [PAR] The Wondrich Take: [PAR] What is now in the center was once at the margin. In the history of ideas, the inquiring mind will identify a constant do-si-do between "no way" and "of course"; between stuff that nobody thinks and stuff that everybody thinks. One day the idea of a single god who created everything and sacrificed his own begotten son to rescue humankind from eternal damnation will get you turned into lion chow. Then, bam! Paradigm shift, and you get burned alive if you're not on the monotheism tip. Or take that guy Galileo...You get the idea. No matter which field of human knowledge you examine, which art or science, you find the same dynamic. The art of mixing drinks (or is it the science of mixology?) is no different. Case in point, the White Russian. [PAR] Roll the clock back to 1930 or so, and, if you look hard enough, you might just turn up a couple of little gloom-lifters based on vodka, then a little-known novelty spirit from the land of Rasputin and tractor-building collectives. There's the Russian, which mixes the stuff in equal proportion with gin and crème de cacao. If you don't like that (and, truth be told, there's not much reason why you should), you can have a Barbara: two parts vodka, one part crème de cacao, one part cream. Of course, that one's even more marginal. Back then, cream was rarely found in drinks outside the uber-girly precincts of the Pousse Café (the multilayered liqueur anthology; it is, alas, still with us). [PAR] Over the next 30 years, a lot of things happened that we really don't want to get into, and a few that we do, among them the Russian losing its gin (a lot of that going around) and trading in its dowdy old crème de cacao for the trendy new Kahlúa. And the Barbara getting renamed the Russian Bear (the fact that somebody felt that this deeply frilly drink needed toughening up namewise speaks volumes about the evolution of postwar American drinking), and then losing the "Bear" and doing the Kahlúa shuffle as well. By the end of the '50s, in other words, there are two vodka-Kahlúa Russians out there, with and without cream. This final stage is documented in the 1961 Diners' Club Drink Book, which pins a "Black" on the no-cream one, implying that there's a white one out there from which it must be distinguished. [PAR] At any rate, this period of careful evolution was time well spent. By the end of the next decade, the White Russian assumed its present place: straddling the world of mixed drinking like the Colossus of Rhodes, one foot planted firmly among the folks who never drink, the other among those who always do. Lightweights and lushes. Now, this isn't as weird a constituency as it might appear. Like its cousin the Brandy Alexander, the White Russian so effectively lubricates the hefty dose of alcohol it contains that it goes down the hatch with no resistance whatsoever. That's good if you're not used to the stuff -- or too used to it (see The Big Lebowski, in which they provide the bulk of the Dude's daily nutrition). And besides, gargle down a martini every 20 minutes, and you might as well be sporting a scarlet "D" (for "Drunk"). But these sweet, creamy deceivers look so innocuous, it's hard to take them | vodka |
Easter Island (Rapa Nui) belongs to which country? | [DOC] [TLE] Easter Island - Ten Geographic Facts - About.com EducationEaster Island - Ten Geographic Facts [PAR] By Amanda Briney [PAR] Updated November 30, 2016. [PAR] Easter Island , also called Rapa Nui, is a small island located in the southeastern Pacific Ocean that is considered a special territory of Chile . Easter Island is most famous for its large moai statues that were carved by native peoples between 1250 and 1500. The island is also considered a UNESCO World Heritage Site and much of the island's land belongs to the Rapa Nui National Park. [PAR] Easter Island has recently been in the news because many scientists and writers have used it as a metaphor for our planet. Easter Island's native population is believed to have overused its natural resources and collapsed. Some scientists and writers claim that global climate change and resource exploitation may lead to the planet collapsing as did the population on Easter Island. These claims, however, are highly disputed. [PAR] The following is a list of the ten most important geographic facts to know about Easter Island: [PAR] 1) Although scientists do not know for sure, many claim that human habitation of Easter Island began around 700-1100 C.E. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Test Your General Science Knowledge [PAR] Almost immediately upon its initial settlement the population of Easter Island began to grow and the island's inhabitants (Rapanui) began to build houses and moai statues. The moai are believed to represent status symbols of the different Easter Island tribes. [PAR] 2) Because of Easter Island's small size of only 63 square miles (164 sq km), it quickly became overpopulated and its resources were rapidly depleted. When Europeans arrived on Easter Island between the late 1700s and early 1800s, it was reported that the moai were knocked down and the island seemed to have been a recent war-site. [PAR] 3) Constant warfare between tribes, a lack of supplies and resources, disease, invasive species and the opening of the island to foreign slave trade eventually led to Easter Island's collapse by the 1860s. [PAR] 4) In 1888, Easter Island was annexed by Chile. Use of the island by Chile varied but during the 1900s it was a sheep farm and was managed by the Chilean Navy. In 1966, the entire island was opened to the public and the remaining Rapanui people became citizens of Chile. [PAR] 5) As of 2009, Easter Island had a population of 4,781. The official languages of the island are Spanish and Rapa Nui, while the main ethnic groups are Rapanui, European and Amerindian. [PAR] 6) Because of its archaeological remains and its ability to help scientists study early human societies, Easter Island became a UNESCO World Heritage Site 1995. [PAR] 7) Although it is still inhabited by humans, Easter Island is one of the world's most isolated islands. It is approximately 2,180 miles (3,510 km) west of Chile. Easter Island is also relatively small and has a maximum altitude of only 1,663 feet (507 meters). Easter Island also has no permanent source of freshwater. [PAR] 8) Easter Island's climate is considered subtropical maritime. It has mild winters and year-round cool temperatures and abundant precipitation. The lowest average July temperature on Easter Island is around 64°F (18°C) while its highest temperatures are in February and average about 82°F (28°C). [PAR] 9) Like many Pacific Islands, the physical landscape of Easter Island is dominated by volcanic topography and it was formed geologically by three extinct volcanoes. [PAR] 10) Easter Island is considered a distinct eco-region by ecologists. At the time of its initial colonization, the island is believed to have been dominated by large broadleaf forests and palm. Today, however, Easter Island has very few trees and is mainly covered with grasses and shrubs. [PAR] To learn more about Easter Island visit Easter Island at Archaeology at About.com. [PAR] References: [PAR] Diamond, Jared. 2005. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. Penguin Books: New York, New York . [PAR] "Easter Island." (March 13, 2010). Wikipedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_Island [PAR] "Rapa Nui National Park." (March 14 | chile |
Who was Louis XVI's wife? | [DOC] [TLE] Louis XVI of FranceLouis XVI (; 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793), born Louis-Auguste, also known as Louis Capet, was King of France from 1774 until his deposition in 1792, although his formal title after 1791 was King of the French. He was guillotined on 21 January 1793. His father, Louis, Dauphin of France, was the son and heir apparent of Louis XV of France, but his father died in 1765, and Louis succeeded his grandfather as king in 1774. [PAR] The first part of Louis' reign was marked by attempts to reform France in accordance with Enlightenment ideas. These included efforts to abolish serfdom, remove the taille, and increase tolerance toward non-Catholics. The French nobility reacted to the proposed reforms with hostility, and successfully opposed their implementation. Louis implemented deregulation of the grain market, advocated by his liberal minister Turgot, but it resulted in an increase in bread prices. In period of bad harvests, it would lead to food scarcity which would prompt the masses to revolt. From 1776 Louis XVI actively supported the North American colonists, who were seeking their independence from Great Britain, which was realized in the 1783 Treaty of Paris. [PAR] The ensuing debt and financial crisis contributed to the unpopularity of the Ancien Régime which culminated at the Estates-General of 1789. Discontent among the members of France's middle and lower classes resulted in strengthened opposition to the French aristocracy and to the absolute monarchy, of which Louis and his wife, queen Marie Antoinette, were viewed as representatives. In 1789, the storming of the Bastille during riots in Paris marked the beginning of the French Revolution. [PAR] Louis's indecisiveness and conservatism led some elements of the people of France to view him as a symbol of the perceived tyranny of the Ancien Régime, and his popularity deteriorated progressively. His disastrous flight to Varennes in June 1791, four months before the constitutional monarchy was declared, seemed to justify the rumors that the king tied his hopes of political salvation to the prospects of foreign invasion. The credibility of the king was deeply undermined and the abolition of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic became an ever increasing possibility. [PAR] In a context of civil and international war, Louis XVI was suspended and arrested at the time of the insurrection of 10 August 1792 one month before the constitutional monarchy was abolished and the First French Republic proclaimed on 21 September 1792. He was tried by the National Convention (self-instituted as a tribunal for the occasion), found guilty of high treason, and executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793, as a desacralized French citizen known as "Citizen Louis Capet", a nickname in reference to Hugh Capet, the founder of the Capetian dynasty – which the revolutionaries interpreted as Louis' family name. Louis XVI was the only King of France ever to be executed, and his death brought an end to more than a thousand years of continuous French monarchy. [PAR] Childhood [PAR] Louis-Auguste de France, who was given the title Duc de Berry at birth, was born in the Palace of Versailles. Out of seven children, he was the second son of Louis, the Dauphin of France, and thus the grandson of Louis XV of France and of his consort, Maria Leszczyńska. His mother was Marie-Josèphe of Saxony, the daughter of Frederick Augustus II of Saxony, Prince-Elector of Saxony and King of Poland. [PAR] Louis-Auguste had a difficult childhood because his parents neglected him in favour of his, said to be, bright and handsome older brother, Louis, duc de Bourgogne, who died at the age of nine in 1761. A strong and healthy boy, but very shy, Louis-Auguste excelled in his studies and had a strong taste for Latin, history, geography, and astronomy, and became fluent in Italian and English. He enjoyed physical activities such as hunting with his grandfather, and rough-playing with his younger brothers, Louis-Stanislas, comte de Provence, and Charles-Philippe, comte d'Artois. From an early age, Louis-Auguste had been encouraged in another of his hobbies: locksmithing, which was seen as a ' | marie antoinette |
The VS-300 was a type of what? | [DOC] [TLE] Vought-Sikorsky VS-300The Vought-Sikorsky VS-300 (or S-46) was a single-engine helicopter designed by Igor Sikorsky. It had a single three-blade rotor originally powered by a 75 horsepower (56 kW) engine. The first "free" flight of the VS-300 was on 13 May 1940. The VS-300 was the first successful single lifting rotor helicopter in the United States and the first successful helicopter to use a single vertical-plane tail rotor configuration for antitorque. With floats attached, it became the first practical amphibious helicopter. [PAR] Design and development [PAR] Igor Sikorsky's quest for a practical helicopter began in 1938, when as the Engineering Manager of the Vought-Sikorsky Division of United Aircraft Corporation, he was able to convince the directors of United Aircraft that his years of study and research into rotary-wing flight problems would lead to a breakthrough. His first experimental machine, the VS-300, was test flown by Sikorsky on 14 September 1939 tethered by cables. In developing the concept of rotary-wing flight, Sikorsky was the first to introduce a single engine to power both the main and tail rotor systems. The only previous successful attempt at a single-lift rotor helicopter, the Yuriev-Cheremukhin TsAGI-1EA in 1931 in the Soviet Union, used a pair of uprated, Russian-built Gnome Monosoupape rotary engines of 120 hp each for its power. For later flights of his VS-300, Sikorsky also added a vertical aerofoil surface to the end of the tail to assist anti-torque but this was later removed when it proved to be ineffective. [PAR] The cyclic control was found to be difficult to perfect, and led to Sikorsky locking the cyclic and adding two smaller vertical-axis lifting rotors to either side aft of the tail boom. By varying pitch of these rotors simultaneously, fore and aft control was provided. Roll control was provided by differential pitching of the blades. In this configuration, it was found that the VS-300 could not fly forward easily and Sikorsky joked about turning the pilot's seat around. [PAR] Operational history [PAR] Sikorsky fitted utility floats (also called pontoons) to the VS-300 and performed a water landing and takeoff on 17 April 1941, making it the first practical amphibious helicopter.[http://www.sikorsky.com/vgn-ext-templating-SIK/v/index.jsp?vgnextoid [PAR] 208ae39d40a78110VgnVCM1000001382000aRCRD "Timeline."] Sikorsky.com. Retrieved: 22 September 2009. On 6 May 1941, the VS-300 beat the world endurance record held by the Focke-Wulf Fw 61, by staying aloft for 1 hour 32 minutes and 26.1 seconds. [PAR] The final variant of the VS-300 was powered by a 150 hp Franklin engine. The VS-300 was one of the first helicopters capable of carrying cargo. The VS-300 was modified over a two-year period, including removal of the two vertical tail rotors, until 1941 when a new cyclic control system gave it much improved flight behavior.Chiles 2008, p. 104. [PAR] Survivor [PAR] In 1943, the VS-300 was retired to the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn, Michigan. It has been on display there ever since, except for a trip back to the Sikorsky Aircraft plant for restoration in 1985. [PAR] Specifications (VS-300)[DOC] [TLE] S-46/VS-300/VS -300A Helicopter - Sikorsky ArchivesUntitled Document [PAR] VS-300A NX 28996 in Forward flight with Igor Sikorsky at the controls [PAR] Background [PAR] [PAR] Igor Sikorsky dreamed of building a helicopter from his youth. In 1931, he applied for a patent for a single main rotor helicopter which included nearly every feature that would be incorporated in the VS-300. By 1938, technology had caught up with his dream. When he was summoned to United Aircraft Headquarters in Hartford, Connecticut to be told that the Sikorsky Division which at that time was building fixed-wing aircraft was being shut down due to a lack of business, he requested that he be allowed to keep his design team together to design a helicopter. His request was granted along with an initial $30,000 budget. The VS-300 was America’s first practical helicopter. It was also the first successful helicopter in the world with a single main rotor | helicopter |
'La donna e mobile' is from which Verdi opera? | [DOC] [TLE] Luciano Pavarotti - La Donna È Mobile (Rigoletto) - YouTubeLuciano Pavarotti - La Donna È Mobile (Rigoletto) - YouTube [PAR] Luciano Pavarotti - La Donna È Mobile (Rigoletto) [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Uploaded on Oct 24, 2006 [PAR] The "king" Luciano Pavarotti as Il Duca di Mantova in the screen movie "Rigoletto" (1983) based on Giuseppe Verdi's opera with the same name (1851). [PAR] La Donna È Mobile - Giuseppe Verdi [PAR] La donna è mobile[DOC] [TLE] La Donna e Mobile - Classical Music, Composers, and OperasLyrics and English Translation of "La donna e mobile" [PAR] By Aaron Green [PAR] Updated August 15, 2016. [PAR] Composed between 1850 and 1851, Giuseppe Verdi 's opera, Rigoletto, is a twisted tale of lust, desire, love, and deceit. It was adored by audiences when it first premiered at La Fenice in Venice on March 11, 1851, and even now, over 150 years later, it is one of the world's most performed operas. According to Operabase , which gathers statistical information from opera houses around the world, Verdi's Rigoletto was the 8th most performed opera in the world during the 2014/15 season. [PAR] Context of "La donna e mobile" [PAR] The Duke of Mantua sings this unforgettable aria in the third act of Verdi's Rigoletto as he flirts with Maddalena, the sister of the assassin, Sparafucile. Rigoletto, the Duke's right hand man, and his daughter, Gilda, who has fallen in love with the Duke, pay a visit to Sparafucile. Rigoletto is very protective of his daughter and wants to have the Duke killed since he is a man that cannot be trusted with women. When they reach the inn in which Sparafucile is staying, they hear the Duke's voice bellowing within singing "La donna e mobile" ("Woman is fickle") as he puts on a show for Maddalena with hopes of seducing her. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Top 5 Longest Running TV Shows [PAR] He tells his daughter to disguise herself as a man and escape to a nearby town. She follows his instructions and sets out into the night while Rigoletto enters the inn after the Duke leaves. When Rigoletto makes a deal with Sparafucile and hands over his payment, a calamitous storm rolls in for the night. Rigoletto decides to pay for a room at the inn, and Gilda is forced to return to her father after the road to the nearby town becomes too dangerous to traverse. Gilda, still disguissed as a man, arrives just in time to hear Maddalena make a deal with her brother to spare the Duke's life and instead kill the next man that walks into the inn. They will bag the body together and give it to the duped Rigoletto. Despite his nature, Gilda still loves the Duke deeply and resolves herself to put an end to this dilemma. [PAR] I don't want to spoil the opera for you, but if you can't wait to find out how the story ends, I suggest reading the synopsis of Verdi's Rigoletto. [PAR] Italian Lyrics of "La donna e mobile" [PAR] La donna è mobile [PAR] Muta d'accento — e di pensier. [PAR] Sempre un amabile, [PAR] In pianto o in riso, — è menzognero. [PAR] È sempre misero [PAR] Chi le confida — mal cauto il cuore! [PAR] Pur mai non sentesi [PAR] Chi su quel seno — non liba amore! [PAR] La donna è mobile [PAR] Muta d'accento — e di pensier, [PAR] E di pensier, [PAR] English Translation of "La donna e mobile" [PAR] Woman is fickle [PAR] Like a feather in the wind, [PAR] She changes her voice — and her mind. [PAR] Always sweet, [PAR] In tears or in laughter, — she is always lying. [PAR] Always miserable [PAR] Is | rigoletto |
What was the name of the dog in 'Chitty, Chitty Bang, Bang'? | [DOC] [TLE] Theatre Review – Chitty Chitty Bang Bang | Living NorthTheatre Review – Chitty Chitty Bang Bang | Living North [PAR] Directory [PAR] Theatre Review – Chitty Chitty Bang Bang [PAR] The world’s most famous floating, flying car rolls into the Theatre Royal this week. Our Arts Editor went to check her out [PAR] Like most people, I was a big fan of Chitty Chitty Bang Bang as a child. That and Mary Poppins – perhaps it was a Dick Van Dyke thing? But seriously, with a flying car, a sweet factory, some weird and wonderful contraptions and a host of sing-a-long songs, who doesn’t love Ian Fleming’s masterpiece about a magical car? That being said, until last night I’d never seen it on stage and if I’m honest I was a little sceptical... Would Lee Mead (from the BBC’s Any Dream Will Do) be able to fill Van Dyke’s illustrious shoes? Would the Child Catcher be as terrifying on stage? And how on earth would they make a car fly? [PAR] I needn’t have worried. From the minute we took our seats and were confronted with a ginormous two-storey set, which functioned for both interior and exterior scenes thanks to some clever projection and lighting, I knew we were in safe hands. [PAR] The production featured an all-star cast. As well as Lee Mead, who has gone on to do Wicked, Legally Blonde and The Phantom of the Opera after starring in the 2007 revival of Andrew Lloyd Webber’s Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, there was West End aficionado Carrie Hope Fletcher in the role of Truly Scrumptious, and EastEnders legends Michelle Collins and Shaun Williamson as Baron and Baroness Bomburst. All gave faultless performances, wowing the audience with their singing, dancing and comically-brilliant Bulgarian accents. [PAR] But it was the younger cast that really stole the show. The tour features a whole cohort of young actors who alternate the roles of Jeremy and Jemima Potts. We were treated to a performance by Louie Green, who made his professional debut in this role, and Darcy Snares, who comes from playing the roles of Éponine and Cosette in Les Misérables at the Queen’s Theatre in London. Both were sweet and sparkling, and managed to avoid falling into those annoying ‘stage school’ habits that you often see with young performers. Overacting, you’ll be pleased to know, was kept to a bare minimum. [PAR] All in all, those cute, all-singing, all-dancing kids set the tone for the show. Morris dancing, pastel-coloured bunting, actors bursting into song left, right and centre – you name it, they’ve got it. Yes it’s camp, yes it’s twee, but that’s why we love it. [PAR] A big hats off to the technicians and electricians. This wouldn’t have been half the show it was without the spectacular mechanics. As I kid I always loved the idea of the breakfast machine which served eggs on toast, so I could barely suppress a gasp when I saw it realised on stage. Also, ingeniously, the Potts’ family dog Edison was turned into a junkyard robot, gliding around the stage cocking his head and wagging his tail. [PAR] Oh, and the car. In the words of Caractacus Potts, ‘It works, it really works’. Operated by clever mechanics hidden at the back of the set, Chitty Chitty Bang Bang really did find her magic. Following a road projected on to the back of the set, the car purred, hummed and motored her way along the stage. And while I don’t want to give too much away, you’ll be absolutely convinced that she can float on water and soar high above the clouds. The car alone is a reason to go and see this musical. [PAR] By the end of the show, the audience were not just clapping, but singing along with the actors on stage. This is the ultimate feel-good musical. [PAR] Chitty Chitty Bang Bang is on at the Theatre Royal, Newcastle until Sunday 12 June. For more information or to book tickets visit www.theatreroyal.co.uk [PAR] | edison |
What was the first name of US army officer Custer, who died at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876? | [DOC] [TLE] Battle of Little Bighorn - Jun 25, 1876 - HISTORY.comBattle of Little Bighorn - Jun 25, 1876 - HISTORY.com [PAR] Battle of Little Bighorn [PAR] Publisher [PAR] A+E Networks [PAR] On this day in 1876, Native American forces led by Chiefs Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull defeat the U.S. Army troops of Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer in a bloody battle near southern Montana’s Little Bighorn River. [PAR] Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull, leaders of the Sioux tribe on the Great Plains, strongly resisted the mid-19th-century efforts of the U.S. government to confine their people to reservations. In 1875, after gold was discovered in South Dakota’s Black Hills, the U.S. Army ignored previous treaty agreements and invaded the region. This betrayal led many Sioux and Cheyenne tribesmen to leave their reservations and join Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse in Montana. By the late spring of 1876, more than 10,000 Native Americans had gathered in a camp along the Little Bighorn River–which they called the Greasy Grass–in defiance of a U.S. War Department order to return to their reservations or risk being attacked. [PAR] In mid-June, three columns of U.S. soldiers lined up against the camp and prepared to march. A force of 1,200 Native Americans turned back the first column on June 17. Five days later, General Alfred Terry ordered Custer’s 7th Cavalry to scout ahead for enemy troops. On the morning of June 25, Custer drew near the camp and decided to press on ahead rather than wait for reinforcements. [PAR] At mid-day, Custer’s 600 men entered the Little Bighorn Valley. Among the Native Americans, word quickly spread of the impending attack. The older Sitting Bull rallied the warriors and saw to the safety of the women and children, while Crazy Horse set off with a large force to meet the attackers head on. Despite Custer’s desperate attempts to regroup his men, they were quickly overwhelmed. Custer and some 200 men in his battalion were attacked by as many as 3,000 Native Americans; within an hour, Custer and every last one of his soldier were dead. [PAR] The Battle of Little Bighorn–also called Custer’s Last Stand–marked the most decisive Native American victory and the worst U.S. Army defeat in the long Plains Indian War. The gruesome fate of Custer and his men outraged many white Americans and confirmed their image of the Indians as wild and bloodthirsty. Meanwhile, the U.S. government increased its efforts to subdue the tribes. Within five years, almost all of the Sioux and Cheyenne would be confined to reservations. [PAR] Related Videos[DOC] [TLE] Battle Of Little Bighorn | HistoryNetBattle of Little Bighorn Coverup [PAR] By Robert Nightengale [PAR] Editor’s note: Like many George Armstrong Custer defenders, the author of the following article believes that Major Marcus Reno and Captain Frederick Benteen were to blame for the 7th Cavalry’s failure in Montana 120 years ago. And, like some of those Custer defenders, the author believes that Reno and Benteen tried to hide the truth. Part of that truth, the author suggests, may have been that Colonel Custer actually crossed the Little Bighorn River and fought in the Indian village. [PAR] June 25, 1876. It has become a day of myth and mystery. On that date, Lieutenant Colonel (Brevet Major General) George Armstrong Custer and the 7th Cavalry fought perhaps the biggest alliance of Plains Indians hostile to the government that had ever gathered in one place. As every student of the American West knows, the 7th Cavalry lost that battle, and Custer’s personal command, about 210 soldiers, was wiped out. Without a survivor of Custer’s command to tell the story, with the possible exception of the young Crow scout Curley, it is only natural that the dramatic event would trigger more debate and conjecture than any other battle in U.S. history. [PAR] The entire 7th Cavalry was not destroyed in the desperate fighting. Under the command of Major Marcus Reno and Captain Frederick Benteen, about 400 soldiers and scouts survived a two-day siege on a bluff about four miles from where Custer was annihilated. On June 27, reinforcements commanded by Brig. Gen. Alfred Terry arrived on the battlefield to rescue the survivors and bury the dead of the 7th Cavalry. | george |
Who received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1902 for his work on the transmission of malaria, becoming the first British Nobel laureate? | [DOC] [TLE] Sir Ronald Ross | First British Nobel Laureate | Ronald ...Sir Ronald Ross | First British Nobel Laureate | Ronald Ross Discovery - YouTube [PAR] Sir Ronald Ross | First British Nobel Laureate | Ronald Ross Discovery [PAR] Want to watch this again later? [PAR] Sign in to add this video to a playlist. [PAR] Need to report the video? [PAR] Sign in to report inappropriate content. [PAR] The interactive transcript could not be loaded. [PAR] Loading... [PAR] Rating is available when the video has been rented. [PAR] This feature is not available right now. Please try again later. [PAR] Published on Dec 5, 2015 [PAR] Famous Personalities and Events: [PAR] Sir Ronald Ross | First British Nobel Laureate | Ronald Ross Discovery [PAR] Sir Ronald Ross, KCB, FRS, was a British medical doctor who received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1902 for his work on malaria, becoming the first British Nobel laureate, and the first born outside of Europe. [PAR] Born: 13 May 1857 Almora, North-Western Provinces, British India [PAR] Died: 16 September 1932 (aged 75) London, England [PAR] Nationality: British [PAR] Fields: Medicine [PAR] Institutions: Presidency General Hospital, Calcutta Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine King's College Hospital British War Office Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance Ross Institute and Hospital for Tropical Diseases [PAR] Alma mater: St Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College Society of Apothecaries [PAR] Known for: Discovering that the malaria parasite is transmitted by mosquitoes [PAR] Notable awards: FRS (1901)[DOC] [TLE] Ronald Ross - Awarded Nobel Prize - welltechfoundation.orgRonald Ross - Awarded Nobel Prize [PAR] Ronald Ross [PAR] Sir Ronald Ross [PAR] Discovering that the malaria parasite is transmitted by mosquitoes [PAR] Sir Ronald Ross KCB KCMG FRS FRCS(13 May 1857 – 16 September 1932), was a British medical doctor who received the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1902 for his work on the transmission of malaria, becoming the first British Nobel laureate, and the first born outside of Europe. His discovery of the malarial parasite in the gastrointestinal tract of a mosquito proved that malaria was transmitted by mosquitoes, and laid the foundation for the method of combating the disease. He was quite a polymath, writing a number of poems, published several novels, and composed songs. He was also an amateur artist and natural mathematician. He worked in the Indian Medical Service for 25 years. It was during his service that he made the groundbreaking medical discovery. After resigning from his service in India, he joined the faculty of Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, and continued as Professor and Chair of Tropical Medicine of the institute for 10 years. In 1926 he became Director-in-Chief of the Ross Institute and Hospital for Tropical Diseases, which was established in honour of his works. He remained there until his death. [PAR] His Career [PAR] Ross made his first important step in May 1895 when he observed the early stages of malarial parasite inside a mosquito stomach. However, his enthusiasm was interrupted as he was deployed to Bangalore to investigate an outbreak of cholera. Bangalore had no regular cases of malaria. He confided to Manson stating, "I am thrown out of employment and have 'no work to do'." But in April he had a chance to visit Sigur Ghat near the hill station of Ooty, where he noticed a mosquito on the wall in a peculiar posture, and for this he called it "dappled-winged" mosquito, not knowing the species. In May 1896, he was given a short leave that enabled him to visit a malaria-endemic region around Ooty. In spite of his daily quinine prophylaxis, he was down with severe malaria three days after his arrival. In June he was transferred to Secunderabad. After two years of research failure, in July 1897, he managed to culture 20 adult “brown” mosquitoes from collected larvae. He successfully infected the mosquitoes from a patient named Husein Khan for a price of 8 annas (one anna per blood-fed mosquito!). After blood-feeding, he dissected the mosquito and found an "almost perfectly circular" cell from the gut, which was certainly not of the mosquito. ( | ronald ross |
Most of us know this actor from his blockbuster movies, ranging from comedies such as Big and Forrest Gump to dramas including The DaVinci Code and Saving Private Ryan. Ironically, it was during the filming of one of his lesser-known films, Volunteers that he started a relationship with his co-star. Their happy marriage began in 1985 and they have two children? | [DOC] [TLE] 10 Happy Celebrity Marriages - Emotional Health Center ...10 Happy Celebrity Marriages - Emotional Health Center - Everyday Health [PAR] Next [PAR] Anyone who reads celebrity gossip magazines knows how precarious relationships can be in Hollywood and other realms of the rich and famous. Another week, another split, another cover story. However, not all celebrity couples are destined to break up . In fact, quite a number of A-list stars revel in having a happy marriage to their longtime partner. The 10 couples that follow are among the most famous household names. [PAR] Joanne Woodward and Paul Newman [PAR] These two movie stars first met in 1953 while performing in the Broadway play Picnic, but it wasn’t until they starred in the film The Long Hot Summer that they began a relationship and fell in love. They married on Jan. 29, 1958 in Las Vegas and had three daughters together (Newman already had a son and two daughters with first wife Jacqueline Witte). The happy marriage for this celebrity couple lasted for 50 years, until Newman’s death in 2008. [PAR] Michael J. Fox and Tracy Pollan [PAR] Like many celebrity couples, actor Michael J. Fox and actress Tracy Pollan first starred together (in the popular TV sitcom Family Ties) before getting married in 1988 and having four children. Fox was diagnosed with young-onset Parkinson’s disease in 1991 and went public with the news in 1998. He launched the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research in 2000 to raise money for research funding and awareness of the disease. His efforts have actually been helped by positive coverage in celebrity gossip magazines. [PAR] Jada Pinkett Smith and Will Smith [PAR] Jada Pinkett and Will Smith first met in 1990 when she auditioned to play Smith’s girlfriend on his sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. She didn’t get the part, but over time their relationship blossomed. Their lavish wedding at the Cloisters near Baltimore was the subject of celebrity gossip. Their happy marriage has resulted in two children (Smith also has a son from a previous marriage). [PAR] Kelly Ripa and Mark Consuelos [PAR] Actress and co-host of TV’s morning show Live with Regis and Kelly, Kelly Ripa and her husband actor Mark Consuelos are another example of celebrity couples in a happy marriage. Maybe location makes a difference for celebrity couples — rather than living in Hollywood, they reside in New York City where Live is produced. The duo first met on the set of the soap opera All My Children and have three children: Michael, Lola, and Joaquin. [PAR] Iman and David Bowie [PAR] Rock stars and models seem to be a common relationship combination, yet Iman and Bowie are arguably the most famous of such celebrity couples. The Somalian supermodel turned cosmetics mogul and the English rock musician wed in 1992. According to the BBC News, Iman has a tattoo of a Bowie knife on her ankle in honor of her husband. They have a daughter, Alexandria Zahra, born in 2000. [PAR] Tom Hanks and Rita Wilson [PAR] Most of us know actor Tom Hanks from his blockbuster movies , ranging from comedies such as Big and Forrest Gump to dramas including The DaVinci Code and Saving Private Ryan. Ironically, it was during the filming of one of his lesser-known films, Volunteers that he started a relationship with co-star Rita Wilson. Their happy marriage began in 1985 and they have two children (Hanks also has two children from a previous marriage). [PAR] Danny DeVito and Rhea Perlman [PAR] Danny DeVito is best known for his role on the TV show Taxi and in movies such as Batman Returns and Get Shorty. He’s also directed many films, including The War of the Roses about a destructive relationship in the divorce process. However, in his private life, DeVito has been in a happy marriage since 1982 to actress Rhea Perlman, one of the stars of the hit TV show Cheers. This celebrity couple has three children. [PAR] Denzel Washington and Paulette Pearson Washington [PAR] Like many other celebrity couples, Denzel Washington and his wife Pauletta Pearson met on the job. In their case, work was filming the TV movie Wilma in 1977, about the legendary African-American athlete Wilma Rudolph. | tom hanks and rita wilson |
Which bay is the largest in the world? | [DOC] [TLE] Largest Bay in The World - einfopedia.comLargest Bay in The World | Longest Bay in North America Information of the world [PAR] Largest Bay in The World | Longest Bay in North America [PAR] Home » Sciences » Geography » Largest Bay in The World | Longest Bay in North America [PAR] Hudson Bay is the largest bay in the world. It is the planet’s biggest bay situated in Canada (North America). The maximum length of hudson bay is 1,370 km or 851.28 miles while maximum width is 1,050 km or 652.44 miles. Arctic Ocean is the water body which contains this bay. [PAR] Related Posts:[DOC] [TLE] Largest bay ever in the world. Bay of Bengal Hudson Bay.Largest bay ever in the world. Bay of Bengal Hudson Bay. [PAR] THE LONGEST LIST OF THE LONGEST STUFF AT THE LONGEST DOMAIN NAME AT LONG LAST [PAR] What was the world's largest bay? [PAR] The world's largest bay can be found in the northern Indian Ocean. [PAR] It is the Bay of Bengal and covers a watery 2.2 million km² and reaches a depth of up to depth of 5,258 meters. [PAR] Hudson Bay, in Canada, is the world's largest bay measured by shoreline, which covers 12,268 kilometers or 7,623 miles but the bay itself dwarfs compared to the Bay of Bengal at a mere 1.23 million km². [PAR] The Bay of Bengal[DOC] [TLE] What Is The Largest Bay In The World? @ Super BeefyWhat Is The Largest Bay In The World? @ Super Beefy [PAR] Why Does Morning Dew On the Canoe Mean the Rain Would Stay At Bay? [PAR] Arnab [PAR] While its true that Hudson bay has the world’s longest shore line, it is only the second largest bay (based on area). Bay of Bengal is the largest. [PAR] DJBALTA [PAR] The Bay of Bengal is more part of the ocean then a bay — so at what point does this so called bay end and the ocean start because really there is no difference. [PAR] That fact alone and the fact that people doing to “fact” making have determined that the parts of Hudson bay leading into the Atlantic and Arctic ocean are not part of the bay — going by that claim the bay of bengal is nowhere near as large as hudson bay because it leads into the ocean in it’s entireity. Once again someone trying to claim Canada doesn’t have the largest bay — WRONGGGGGGGGGGG. [PAR] Primary Sidebar [PAR] Also, any literature on baseball written in the 1800's does not credit Abner Doubleday with the invention either. But if my... [PAR] 2016-12-28T23:28:08+00:00 [PAR] I'm not saying that whoever wrote this did not research this at all but I am saying this explanation of the origins of baseball... [PAR] 2016-12-28T23:19:30+00:00 [PAR] IT TOOK ME OVER WINTER BREAK 12 DAYS 3 HOURS 5 MINUTES AND 36 SECONDS. [PAR] 2016-12-28T02:49:36+00:00 [PAR] The math here is false. The fundation of how this was worked out is how long it takes to count to 100 in seconds; which is fine... [PAR] 2016-11-08T22:41:08+00:00 [PAR] I've always wanted to know where that word got its etymology from and what the word truly meant. My parents and grandparents... [PAR] 2016-10-27T04:26:31+00:00[DOC] [TLE] Virginia Institute of Marine Science - How big is the Bay?Virginia Institute of Marine Science - How big is the Bay? [PAR] Virginia Institute of Marine Science [PAR] FAQs [PAR] How big is the Bay? [PAR] Chesapeake Bay Chesapeake Bay covers 4,480 square miles, has a shoreline of 11,684 miles, and holds more than 15 trillion gallons of brackish water. North is to the right in this image. Image courtesy of NASA. [PAR] The Gulf of St. Lawrence has the largest surface area of any estuary in North America. Image courtesy Google Earth. [PAR] Is James Bay an estuary? Image courtesy Google Earth. [PAR] Photo - of - [PAR] by David Malmquist | April 24, 2009 [PAR] How does Chesapeake Bay compare in size to other estuaries? [PAR] Many sources describe Chesapeake Bay as the world’s third-largest estuary. | hudson bay |
Which Heritage railway runs between Caernarfon and Porthmadog? | [DOC] [TLE] Porthmadog | check the crossing... The Porthmadog cross ...Porthmadog | check the crossing... The Porthmadog cross town… | Flickr [PAR] check the crossing... [PAR] [PAR] The Porthmadog cross town link is a section of the 1 ft 11 1⁄2 in (597 mm) narrow gauge Welsh Highland Railway, specifically built to link with the Ffestiniog Railway in Porthmadog, and runs along partly what was called the Junction Railway, previously existing as part of the original Welsh Highland Railway. This had been removed some time after that railway closed in 1936. [PAR] [PAR] It has been built using the new powers obtained by the Ffestiniog Railway and runs from Harbour station on the Ffestiniog Railway to Pen-y-Mount Junction on the Welsh Highland Heritage Railway. The line reopened on 8 January 2011, linking the Ffestiniog Railway with the Croesor Tramway allowing passenger trains to run between Caernarfon and Blaenau Ffestiniog. [PAR] Done[DOC] [TLE] Porthmadog, WalesPorthmadog, Wales [PAR] Booking.com [PAR] Porthmadog [PAR] Porthmadog is one of the largest towns in Snowdonia with a population of around 4,200. It is situated on the estuary of the Afon Glaslyn. It is one of the newest towns in Wales as it was only created in 1811 after William Madocks built a sea wall (The Cob) and reclaimed the land from the sea. It became a famous port later in the century exporting slate from the quarries in Ffestiniog and Llanfrothen. This popular town is also the hub of both the Ffestiniog and Welsh Highland Railways , also the smaller Welsh Highland Heritage Railway . [PAR] The Ffestiniog Railway was opened in 1836 and runs 13.5 miles to Blaenau Ffestiniog along the Vale of Ffestiniog. It was built to transport slate from various quarries along the route, including Cwmorthin . The whole line was built on a slight incline, so the carriages could travel all the way unpowered. Horses were transported down in special carriages, so they could pull the empty wagons back up. [PAR] The Welsh Highland Railway (WHR) (“Rheilffordd Eryri” in Welsh) runs 25 miles from Porthmadog to Caernarfon on the north-west coast of Wales, making it the UK’s longest heritage railway. It’s also arguably the most scenic railway in Wales, taking in the Aberglaslyn Pass, Beddgelert, the foot of Snowdon before arriving in Caernarfon and it’s majestic castle. You can travel from comfortable third-class carriages to luxurious Pullman carriages. Each one-way trip takes around two hours, fifteen minutes with a stop of around one hour fifteen minutes in Caernarfon. [PAR] The Welsh Highland Heritage Railway runs for half a mile (0.8 km) to Pen-y-Mount Junction, where the railway connects with the Welsh Highland Railway main line. The train stops at Gelert’s Farm halt on it’s return to allow passengers to visit a museum and a miniature-gauge railway. [PAR] These railways are some of the finest tourist attractions in Wales and along with other local attractions including Zip-Wires, Mountain Biking, Walking & Climbing and places including Portmeirion , Beddgelert , Harlech & Criccieth Castles, they make Porthmadog one of the most popular places to stay in Wales. [PAR] Fit My Video Tag [PAR] The Ffestiniog & Welsh Highland Railway from the Air [PAR] Fit My Video Tag[DOC] [TLE] The Welsh Highland Railway - Porthmadog to CaernarfonThe Welsh Highland Railway - Porthmadog to Caernarfon [PAR] 2016 Brochure Out Now [PAR] The Welsh Highland Railway [PAR] The Welsh Highland Railway (WHR) or Rheilffordd Eryri, runs 25 miles from Porthmadog to Caernarfon on the north-west coast of Wales, making it the UKs longest heritage railway. [PAR] It’s also arguably the most scenic railway in Wales, taking in the Aberglaslyn Pass, Beddgelert, the foot of Snowdon, Llyn Cwellyn, before arriving back on the coast in Caernarfon and it’s majestic castle. [PAR] You can travel in comfortable third-class or luxurious Pullman carriages (plus an observation carriage). Each full one-way trip from Porthmadog takes around 2 hours 15 minutes with a stop of around 1 hour 15 minutes in Caernarfon. There are two full return trips per day in peak season and one in off-season (please check their website at festrail.co.uk for a full timetable). [PAR] The line originally ran from Porthmadog | welsh highland railway |
When the Badminton World Federation was first formed in 1934 (initially as the International Badminton Federation) where was it located? | [DOC] [TLE] Badminton World FederationThe Badminton World Federation (BWF) is the international governing body for the sport of badminton recognised by the International Olympic Committee IOC. Founded in 1934 as the International Badminton Federation with nine member nations (Canada, Denmark, England, France, Ireland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Scotland and Wales), the BWF has since expanded to 176 member nations around the world. On 24 September 2006, at the Extraordinary General Meeting in Madrid, it was decided to adopt the new name Badminton World Federation (BWF). [PAR] Its head office was located in Cheltenham, UK since its founding, but on 1 October 2005, was relocated to Kuala Lumpur. Its current president is Poul-Erik Høyer Larsen. [PAR] Continental federations [PAR] The BWF works in co-operation with regional governing bodies to promote and develop the sport of badminton around the world, they are: [PAR] Presidents [PAR] Below is the list of presidents since 1934: [PAR] Rankings [PAR] The BWF World Ranking and BWF World Junior Ranking are introduced to determine the strength of the players. BWF World Ranking is used for determining the qualification for entry and seeding for the BWF-sanctioned tournament. The points awarded is based on the final results of each tournament participated for the past 52 weeks. Junior Ranking consists of players under 19 years old. [PAR] Tournaments [PAR] International [PAR] The BWF regularly organises six major international badminton events: [PAR] * Olympic Games in co-operation with International Olympic Committee [PAR] * World Championships [PAR] * World Junior Championships [PAR] * Para World Championships [PAR] * Thomas Cup [PAR] * Uber Cup [PAR] * Sudirman Cup [PAR] Two events are no longer held regularly: [PAR] * World Cup was suspended since 1997. However, the BWF revived the event in 2005 (with China as host) but only as an invitational tournament. China swept gold in all 5 categories. [PAR] * World Grand Prix has been on hiatus since 2000. [PAR] Open events [PAR] BWF also sanctions the open events into seven categories with different World Ranking points awarded, as order they are: [PAR] * Super Series Premier [PAR] * Super Series [PAR] * Grand Prix Gold [PAR] * Grand Prix [PAR] * International Challenge [PAR] * International Series [PAR] * Future Series [PAR] Awards [PAR] The BWF bestows special honours onto players, umpires, sponsors and other individuals for their achievement in badminton or for their contributions to badminton. [PAR] * Lifetime Achievement [PAR] * Hall of Fame [PAR] * Herbert Scheele Trophy [PAR] * Distinguished Service [PAR] * Meritorius Service [PAR] * Certificate of Commendation [PAR] * Eddy Choong Player of the Year (hiatus since 2008) [PAR] * Best Male and Female Player of the Year [PAR] * Eddy Choong Most Promising Player of the Year [PAR] * Women in Badminton [PAR] Logo [PAR] The new logo of the organisation was unveiled in June 2007 and officially launched at the 2007 Sudirman Cup in Glasgow, Scotland. It was designed by Indonesian Aboeb Luthfy as part of the three months contest launched by the federation. BWF launched new logo during 2012 Thomas & Uber Cup. [PAR] Publications [PAR] * World Badminton (Journal) [PAR] * The IBF Handbook | cheltenham |
"Who wrote the books ""In the Night Kitchen"", ""Outside Over There"" & ""Seven Little Monsters""?" | [DOC] [TLE] In the Night Kitchen | Day of the ArtistIn the Night Kitchen | Day of the Artist [PAR] Day of the Artist [PAR] One year, one girl, one painting a day…can she do it? [PAR] Main menu [PAR] Day 343- Maurice Sendak- Beautiful Things in the World [PAR] It’s Day 343 and I have to say that I’m super duper excited about today’s artist. He’s one of my favorite people ever and was such an influence on me as an artist and writer. Please join me in honoring Maurice Sendak today! [PAR] Maurice Sendak [PAR] Maurice Sendak [PAR] Maurice Bernard Sendak (June 10, 1928 – May 8, 2012) was an American illustrator and writer of children’s books. He became widely known for his book Where the Wild Things Are, first published in 1963. Born to Jewish-Polish parents, his childhood was affected by the death of many of his family members during the Holocaust. Besides Where the Wild Things Are,Sendak also wrote works such as In the Night Kitchen and Outside Over There, and illustrated Little Bear. [PAR] Sendak was born in New York City in the borough of Brooklyn to Polish Jewish immigrant parents named Sadie (née Schindler) and Philip Sendak, a dressmaker. Sendak described his childhood as a “terrible situation” due to the death of members of his extended family during the Holocaust which exposed him at a young age to the concept of mortality. His love of books began when, as a child, he developed health problems and was confined to his bed. He decided to become an illustrator after watching Walt Disney’s film Fantasia at the age of twelve. One of his first professional commissions was to create window displays for the toy store F.A.O. Schwarz. His illustrations were first published in 1947 in a textbook titled Atomics for the Millions by Dr. Maxwell Leigh Eidinoff. He spent much of the 1950s illustrating children’s books written by others before beginning to write his own stories. [PAR] His older brother Jack Sendak also became an author of children’s books, two of which were illustrated by [PAR] ‘My Brother’s Book’ by Maurice Sendak, 2013 [PAR] Maurice in the 1950s. [PAR] Maurice was the youngest of three siblings. His sister, Natalie, was nine years older than he, and his brother, Jack, was five years older than he. [PAR] Sendak gained international acclaim after writing and illustrating Where the Wild Things Are, edited by Ursula Nordstrom at Harper & Row. It features Max, a boy who “rages against his mother for being sent to bed without any supper”. The book’s depictions of fanged monsters concerned some parents when it was first published, as his characters were somewhat grotesque in appearance. Before Where the Wild Things Are, Sendak was best known for illustrating Else Holmelund Minarik’s Little Bear series of books. [PAR] Sendak later recounted the reaction of a fan: [PAR] A little boy sent me a charming card with a little drawing on it. I loved it. I answer all my children’s letters – sometimes very hastily – but this one I lingered over. I sent him a card and I drew a picture of a Wild Thing on it. I wrote, ‘Dear Jim: I loved your card.’ Then I got a letter back from his mother and she said: ‘Jim loved your card so much he ate it.’ That to me was one of the highest compliments I’ve ever received. He didn’t care that it was an original Maurice Sendak drawing or anything. He saw it, he loved it, he ate it. [PAR] Where The Wild Things Are- Maurice Sendak [PAR] Almost fifty years later, School Library Journal sponsored a survey of readers which identified Where the Wild Things Are as top picture book. The librarian who conducted it observed that there was little doubt what would be voted number one and highlighted its designation by one reader as a watershed, “ushering in the modern age of picture books | maurice sendak |
A British married couple who are both television presenters and columnists. They are well known for presenting the daytime television programme This Morning from 1988 until 2001 and are still regulars on our screen? | [DOC] [TLE] This Morning (TV programme)This Morning is a British daytime television programme that is broadcast on ITV. The show airs live on weekdays from 10:30 a.m. until 12:30 p.m. featuring news, topical items, showbiz, style and beauty, home and garden, food, health, real life and more similar features. [PAR] This Morning is currently presented by Phillip Schofield, Holly Willoughby (Currently off on summer holidays, returning in September), Ruth Langsford and Eamonn Holmes Monday—Thursday and Rylan Clark-Neal and Dan Neal on Fridays with Amanda Holden and Rylan Clark-Neal regularly acting as relief presenters, and has aired on ITV since 3 October 1988, making it one of the longest running daytime programmes on British television. [PAR] History [PAR] In 1988, ITV decided to create a live daytime morning programme. Four regional ITV companies made pilot shows to bid for the national contract: [PAR] * Television South offered a show called Home Today, hosted by Andy Craig and Fern Britton. [PAR] * Thames Television [PAR] * Tyne Tees Television [PAR] * Granada Television offered a show called This Morning and was later awarded the national ITV contract. [PAR] The first episode of This Morning aired at 10.40am on 3 October 1988 and finished at 12.10pm, live from the Granada studio inside the Albert Dock in Liverpool. An industry insider believed the idea would not work and would be pulled by Christmas 1988, despite This Morning being launched with no publicity its ratings quickly rose to a daily average of two million viewers. [PAR] The first few series of experts were: weatherman Fred Talbot, agony aunt Denise Robertson, medic Dr Chris Steele, cook Susan Brookes, hair and make-up artists Andrew and Liz Collinge and wine expert Charles Metcalfe. The theme tune was by David Pringle, who also wrote opening music for Wheel of Fortune, Fun House and The Pyramid Game. [PAR] As part of the show, weather presenter Fred Talbot used a floating map of the British Isles to report the forecast. A clip of a streaker running onto Talbot's weather map in 1995 is regularly shown on clip shows.[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/8125210.stm Richard and Judy's memorable moments] BBC News, 1 July 2009 [PAR] Steve Penk also co presented with Lucy Meacock covering for Richard and Judy. For the beginning of the Autumn 1996 series, the show was relocated to LWT's Television Centre (now The London Studios) in London, coinciding with a housing relocation for Madeley and Finnigan and to secure even more celebrity guests for the show. [PAR] In the Summer of 2001, Madeley and Finnigan left This Morning to present their own show on Channel 4. [PAR] In the Autumn of 2001, M&S model Twiggy and Loose Women panelist and anchor Coleen Nolan took over with Fern Britton and John Leslie remaining on Fridays. [PAR] 2009–15 [PAR] A relaunch of This Morning took place in 2009 and subsequently, the ratings rose by 20%. Part of the relaunch included a new set and Holly Willoughby became a new co-presenter. [PAR] In March 2010, This Morning producer Karl Newton announced that the show would air seven days a week, with two new one-hour shows broadcast on Saturdays and Sundays. Schofield and Willoughby presented pre-recorded links in between compilations of the past week's programming. The weekend editions were introduced on 20 March 2010, but have since been dropped from the schedule. [PAR] The Hub was the interactive part of the show which heavily featured in This Morning from 2010 until 2014. Presenters included Jeff Brazier (2013–14), Jenni Falconer (2013–14), Stephen Mulhern (2011–14) Rylan Clark (2013–14), Emma Willis (2012–14), Coleen Nolan (2010–12), Samanthi Jayawardena (2010–12) and Matt Johnson (2010–13). [PAR] On 1 March 2010, This Morning began an interactive cooking event, named This Morning Cook In!, where each week, five viewers and a celebrity guest cook along, via Skype, with the chefs on the day of the event. Gino D'Acampo and Phil Vickery were the two chefs to present the item. [PAR] The show has proven newsworthy on several occasions. This Morning covered new ground by showing a gay partnership celebration live An 2008 interview | richard and judy |
Macaroni, Chinstrap and Rockhopper are all species of which bird? | [DOC] [TLE] 17 Penguin Species - Patrick de PinguinPenguin species: Emperor penguin, King penguin, Adelie, Rockhopper, Blue penguin, Macaroni, African (Jackass), Gentoo, Chinstrap, Little Blue (Fairy) / White-flippered, Erect-crested, Fjordland, Royal, Snares, Galapagos, Magellanic, Humboldt and Yellow-eyed [PAR] You are here: Home > Information on penguins > Penguin species [PAR] There are seventeen (17) penguin species in the world, classified into six (6) groups (genera). All of these species live in the southern hemisphere (below the equator). [PAR] Penguin species differ in size, colors, habits and habitat. Species of penguins living more southerly (colder areas) tend to be larger than species living in warmer areas. [PAR] Below is an overview of the seventeen species together with their lengths and weights. More data and penguin pictures will be added later.[DOC] [TLE] Saving the Planet - Endangered SpeciesSaving the Planet - Endangered Species [PAR] Rockhopper [PAR] SPECIES [PAR] There are lots of species of penguins out there. These are some of them: King, Royal, Erect-crested, Yellow-eyed, Fjordland, Snares, Magellanic, African, Humboldt, Emperor, Gentoo, Adelie, Rockhopper, Chinstrap, Galapagos, Little(Blue), Macaroni. Penguins only live in the southern hemisphere. They can be found in the southern part of Africa, South America, Antarctica, Australia and New Zealand. [PAR] BASIC FACTS [PAR] You all probably know that penguins are birds but even though penguins are birds they can't fly. If you ever see a penguin swimming it will look it is flying in the water. These are some things penguins eat: shrimp, squid, fish, shellfish, krill. [PAR] BABIES [PAR] Penguins lay one or two eggs at a time. Once the egg is laid the father sits on nest to keep it warm while the mother feeds to store fat. When she returns the egg is ready to hatch. When it hatches both parents care for the chick. When getting food one guards the chick and the other gets the food. [PAR] Penguins are not taught to swim. Once they get their adult feathers they leave the nest and jump in the water and swim away. [PAR] Chick[DOC] [TLE] Photos of Flightless Birds: All 18 Penguin SpeciesPhotos of Flightless Birds: All 18 Penguin Species [PAR] Photos of Flightless Birds: All 18 Penguin Species [PAR] By Clara Moskowitz | [PAR] September 10, 2010 11:40am ET [PAR] MORE [PAR] Emperor Penguin [PAR] Credit: Michael Van Woert, NOAA NESDIS, ORA [PAR] Penguins are a group of non-flying aquatic birds that live in the Southern Hemisphere. They include 18 species 13 of which are either threatened or endangered. With their habitats and food supply under threat from humans and climate change, it could take a major effort to save some of these creatures from extinction. [PAR] Clara Moskowitz is a senior writer for LiveScience , a sister site to OurAmazingPlanet. [PAR] Galápagos penguins [PAR] The Galápagos penguin, endemic to the ((CONLINK|6800|Galà [PAR] Emperor penguins [PAR] Credit: Dr. Robert Ricker, NOAA/NOS/ORR [PAR] Emperor penguins are the largest of the penguin species, and mate and breed on the ice of Antarctica. They make a harrowing trek across up to 75 miles (120 kilometers) of ice to reach breeding colonies during the frigid Antarctic winter. While this life can be rather austere, for now it is sustaining: Emperor penguins are rated of least concern on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. [PAR] Female emperor penguins hatch an egg, and the males incubate it while she forages for food. After chicks are born males and females take turns diving for food and caring for the young. [PAR] Humboldt penguins [PAR] Credit: Wikimedia Commons, Drcwp1 [PAR] Humboldt penguins are native to the Southern Hemisphere, but these Humboldts live at Stanley Park in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The species is rated vulnerable to extinction, and has been strongly impacted by El Nino , which changes the water temperature and reduced the amount of food available for the penguins. [PAR] African penguins [PAR] Credit: dreamstime [PAR] African penguins, a once | penguins |
In what year did RAF hero Douglas Bader lose his legs? | [DOC] [TLE] Douglas Bader: Incredible footage of WW2 fighter ace who ...Douglas Bader: Incredible footage of WW2 fighter ace who fought Nazis with false legs goes on display | Daily Mail Online [PAR] comments [PAR] Rare home movie footage of Douglas Bader, the inspirational Second World War pilot who battled Nazi Germany even after losing his legs, is to go on show to the public for the first time. [PAR] Bader, Britain’s best-known fighter ace, lost his legs in a pre-war flying accident and was invalided out of the Royal Air Force. [PAR] When war broke out he persuaded medical officers to let him rejoin and was soon taking to the skies in Spitfire and Hurricane fighters as the RAF defended Britain from Germany’s Luftwaffe in the summer of 1940. [PAR] Scroll down for video [PAR] In newly released film, Douglas Bader appears relaxed as he takes part in a treasure hunt with other officers and their wives [PAR] In another clip, Bader emerges from an officers' mess smoking a pipe and salutes to the camera [PAR] Fighter: Douglas Bader, the pilot who fought with the RAF despite having prosthetic legs. Rare footage of him has gone on display at an exhibition [PAR] A new exhibition at the Imperial War Museum’s Duxford site, near Cambridge, will show an amateur black and white film shot by his RAF colleague, Group Captain George ‘Sammy’ Sampson, who served as a pilot and instructor at Duxford between 1931 and 1933. [PAR] In the film a relaxed Bader is shown participating in a treasure hunt with other officers and their wives. [PAR] RELATED ARTICLES [PAR] Share this article [PAR] Share [PAR] In another sequence he is shown walking out of Duxford’s officers’ mess in civilian clothes and giving a jaunty salute to the camera. [PAR] A hero to most of his men, Bader flew with 222 Squadron ahead of the Dunkirk evacuation [PAR] The images are a far cry from the better known pictures of the rambunctious Bader, who would later retire from the RAF as a Group Captain and shot down 20 enemy aircraft during the war. [PAR] He achieved national celebrity after the publication of Paul Brickhill’s book Reach For The Sky, which was turned into a 1956 feature film starring Kenneth More as Bader. [PAR] Bader, who died aged 72 in 1982, lost his legs in 1931 and left the air force at Duxford having been told he would never fly again. [PAR] But he returned in 1940 to fly Spitfires with 19 Squadron. He said: ‘The fact that I left the Royal Air Force at Duxford and I came back into it at Duxford, through the same bloody gate, is what comes to mind.’ [PAR] A hero to most of his men, Bader flew with 222 Squadron ahead of the Dunkirk evacuation. He was then sent to command 242 Squadron, a Hurricane unit that had suffered heavy casualties in the Battle of France. [PAR] Bader rapidly won his jaded aircrew over with a display of daring aerobatics at their base at RAF Coltishall near Norwich. [PAR] The squadron was soon back in the thick of the Battle of Britain and was regularly posted to Duxford to join up with other fighters. [PAR] Here Baden is photographed at North Weald Airfield getting into a spitfire ready to lead a flight over London commemorating the fifth anniversary of the Battle of Britain [PAR] Douglas Bader and Czech pilot Alexander Hess, outside the Duxford Officers' Mess. Bader lost his legs in a flying accident in 1931. He left the RAF, but rejoined in 1939 when war broke out, becoming famous as the pilot with 'tin legs' [PAR] Knights of the sky: Bader (centre) with Pilot Officer W L McKnight (left) and Acting Flight Lieutenant G E Ball (right). By the date this photograph was taken they had, between them, shot down more than 30 enemy aircraft [PAR] Often described as determined and dogmatic or fearless and eager for a challenge, Bader produced mixed reactions among his RAF peers. [PAR] Flight Sergeant George Unwin – who was nicknamed ‘Grumpy’ by Bader after he rebuked the legless pilot for making too | 1931 |
Who lived under the name of Private Thomas Shaw at Clouds Hill, Dorset, where he eventually died following a motorcycle accident in 1935? | [DOC] [TLE] Clouds Hill (Lawrence of Arabia's Cottage) - Historic EnglandClouds Hill (Lawrence of Arabia's Cottage) - 1120423| Historic England [PAR] Clouds Hill (Lawrence of Arabia's Cottage) [PAR] List Entry Summary [PAR] This building is listed under the Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 as amended for its special architectural or historic interest. [PAR] Name: Clouds Hill (Lawrence of Arabia's Cottage) [PAR] List entry Number: 1120423 [PAR] Clouds Hill Cottage, Clouds Hill, Wareham, Dorset, BH20 7NQ [PAR] The building may lie within the boundary of more than one authority. [PAR] County: Dorset [PAR] National Park: Not applicable to this List entry. [PAR] Grade: II* [PAR] Date of most recent amendment: 14-Dec-2015 [PAR] Legacy System Information [PAR] The contents of this record have been generated from a legacy data system. [PAR] Legacy System: LBS [PAR] UID: 108706 [PAR] Asset Groupings [PAR] This list entry does not comprise part of an Asset Grouping. Asset Groupings are not part of the official record but are added later for information. [PAR] List entry Description [PAR] Summary of Building [PAR] A cottage built in 1808, formerly a forester’s or labourer's cottage, largely reconstructed by T E Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia, 1888-1935) for himself, 1922-33; together with Lawrence’s garage, built in 1930. [PAR] Reasons for Designation [PAR] Clouds Hill, a small cottage of 1808, largely reconstructed 1922-34 by T E Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia) for himself, is listed at Grade II* for the following principal reasons: [PAR] * Historic association: the cottage was the only adult home of T E Lawrence, Lawrence of Arabia, one of the most significant and influential leaders and strategists of the First World War and its aftermath, and also an important writer, who worked on his books at Clouds Hill; * Architectural interest: Lawrence reconstructed the cottage, an early C19 building which was largely derelict in 1922, to suit his own purposes and to his precise specifications, designing and in some cases even constructing the fittings and fixed furnishings himself, creating an intimate, restful place redolent of his personality and interests; * Historic interest: the cottage acted as something of a salon in the 1920s and early 1930s, with Lawrence entertaining fellow writers and artists including Thomas Hardy, George Bernard Shaw, Robert Graves, Siegfried Sassoon, Gilbert Spencer and Augustus John. [PAR] History [PAR] The cottage known as Clouds Hill was built in 1808 as a forester’s or labourer’s cottage on the Moreton estate, which had been in the Frampton family since the C14. The cottage, on Cloud’s Hill, had been derelict for some years by 1922, in which year Sgt Arthur Knowles of the Royal Tank Corps, stationed at nearby Bovington Camp, rented a parcel of land which included the cottage. He built a bungalow for his family on the adjacent plot, and under the terms of the lease, was required to make the cottage habitable. Knowles had just begun the job of restoring the cottage, stripping the derelict elements out to leave the walls and central stack, when Private T E Shaw, also stationed at Bovington, came across it whilst walking in the woods, and arranged to rent it from Knowles for 2/6 a week and take on responsibility for its repair, in order to create a space away from the ranks where he could read, write and listen to music. Shaw was one of the pseudonyms of T E Lawrence, also known as Lawrence of Arabia, one of the most significant figures to emerge from the First World War, with an international reputation. [PAR] Thomas Edward Lawrence (1888-1935) was famed for his role in the Middle East, shaping the region in the period, as well as a soldier, author and intelligence officer. His parents’ circumstances meant that the family lead a peripatetic life in his youth – his father, Thomas Chapman, had left his first wife and four daughters to live with his children’s governess, Sarah Jenner. The couple lived together as Mr and Mrs Lawrence, though they never married, and raised their own family of five sons, including Thomas Edward, known | lawrence of arabia |
Who was the husband of Helen of Troy (or Sparta)? | [DOC] [TLE] History of Helen and the Trojan War - On-line Web CoursesHistory of Helen and the Trojan War [PAR] In Greek legend, the Trojan War was fought between the Greeks and the city of Troy. The direct cause of this war was the beauty of Helen of Troy, daughter of the Greek god Zeus and Leda, the Queen of Sparta. Helen was much coveted by all of the men in Troy, so when she chose a husband, the King of Sparta made all men swear that they would accept Helen's choice of a husband and that they would also defend her if anyone tried to take her away from that man. [PAR] The ten year conflict, known forever as the Trojan War, began when three goddesses Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite asken the Trojan prince, PAris, to chose the most beautiful goddess between the three. Each goddess tried to influence the prince, and in the end, he chose Aphrodite because she promised him his choice of the most beautiful women. [PAR] Paris then travelled to Sparta, where he stayed with Helen and her husband, King Menelaus of Sparta. Helen, the most beautiful woman known to man was Paris's object of desire and he asked Aphrodite for her. helen, soon fell under the influence of Aphrodite and agreed to elope with Paris to Troy. Menelaus, extremely angered by the course of actions called upon the Greeks to help him return his wife back to Sparta, since the Trojans refused to return Helen. The Greek warriors assembled 1,000 ships and sailed off to Troy. For nine years, the battle was indecisive but in the tenth year Paris and Menelaus agreed to have their warriors face each other in a single combat with Helen as the judge. Although the Greeks claimed victory in thr Trojan War, Aphrodite helped Paris escape the enraged Menelaus by sweeping Paris away in a cloud. Menelaus was reunited with Helen and the two returned to Greece, to the displeasure of the native Greeks. yet the two were still able to live a very royal lifestyle and had one daughter. [PAR] [PAR] "Trojan War." The Encarta Encyclopedia 1997. CD ROM. Microsoft Corporation. 1997. [PAR] [DOC] [TLE] HELEN OF TROY - SOLAR NAVIGATORHELEN OF TROY PARIS SPARTA THE TROJAN HORSE ACHILLES HEEL THE FACE THAT LAUNCHED A THOUSAND SHIPS [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Helen of Sparta was perhaps the most inspiring woman in all literature, ancient and modern. A whole war was fought over her, a war that lasted for ten years and saw one thousand ships launched. Not only that, nearly all the myths of the heroic age were threaded together in such a way that this most epic of all wars was the culmination of various exploits to include: the Argonaut, the Theban wars, and the Calydonian boar hunt. It is as though this event was in the destiny of every dynasty formed from the beginning of recorded history. [PAR] [PAR] Helen (Greek Ελένη) was a figure from Greek mythology. The name is maybe related to the Moon (Selene) and the Sun (Helios). Helene in Greek meant 'torch' and 'corposant'. She was the wife of Menelaus and reputed to be the most beautiful woman in the world, and her abduction by Paris brought about the Trojan War . [PAR] [PAR] Helen was believed to be initially the chief mother-goddess worshipped through the area, until the arrival of the Dodecatheon. Then, she was replaced by Zeus, and her role was demoted and 'survived' through mythology only to the most beautiful woman of the world. [PAR] [PAR] According then to later Greek mythology, Leda bore Helen and Polydeuces, children of Zeus while at the same time bearing Castor and Clytemnestra, children of her father and husband Tyndareus, the King of Sparta. In some versions, Helen is a daughter of Nemesis, the goddess of vengeance. [PAR] [PAR] As the story goes, Zeus cohabited with | menelaus |
Who was the first 'baby boomer' President to sit in the White House? | [DOC] [TLE] Baby Boomers: All You Ever Needed to Know - HowStuffWorksHow Boomers have shaped the World - Baby Boomers: All You Ever Needed to Know | HowStuffWorks [PAR] Baby Boomers: All You Ever Needed to Know [PAR] Prev Next [PAR] In 1992, Bill Clinton (born in 1946) became America's first Baby Boomer President. He was followed eight years later by America's second Baby Boomer President, George W. Bush, also born in 1946. [PAR] They won't be the last Baby Boomer Presidents. It's quite conceivable that a Baby Boomer will be in the White House for another 20 years or more. Combined with the Boomer Generation's majority in Congress (62 percent in the House of Representatives, 46 percent in the Senate), Governorships (74 percent), and State Legislatures (between 54 and 58 percent) the generation that once vowed to fight authority has suddenly become the authority. [PAR] Up Next [PAR] 5 Workout Tips for Baby Boomers [PAR] However, long before they controlled the halls of power, Baby Boomers shaped the political arena. As leaders in the civil rights movement, the feminist movement, gay rights, handicapped rights and the rights to privacy, the Baby Boomer generation has been at the forefront of the expansion of individual freedom. [PAR] But it's very difficult to pin Boomers down as being either liberal or conservative. A 2004 nationwide survey by the AARP found that a solid majority of Baby Boomers support abortion rights, gun control and stem cell research -- strongly liberal causes. At the same time, the survey found strong support among the Boomers for the death penalty and fiscal conservatism -- strongly conservative positions. The survey also found that nearly 60 percent of Baby Boomers believe the government has a responsibility to provide health care to all citizens, and more than 70 percent say the government must protect the environment. [PAR] So while we aren't quite living in an all-Boomer world, it's safe to say the Baby Boomer generation, having spent its youth fighting power and demanding change, has become the dominant force in the political arena. Time will tell what they do with the power they now wield.[DOC] [TLE] A Baby Boomer in the White House [ushistory.org]A Baby Boomer in the White House [ushistory.org] [PAR] 60b. A Baby Boomer in the White House [PAR] Despite allegations of smoking marijuana, having extramarital affairs, and dodging the draft, Bill Clinton came out of his 1992 Presidential campaign victorious. [PAR] Popularity is fleeting. [PAR] President Bush enjoyed an approval rating in March 1991 of 91 percent for his handling of Operation Desert Storm. As the Presidential race for 1992 began to unfold, many potential candidates were scared to challenge him and look to 1996 as a better opportunity. But the recession that battered the American economy would not go away. As growth remained low and unemployment persisted, some of the shine began to wear off the President. Not since James Monroe's [PAR] second term in 1820 had a sitting President been re-elected during an economic slump. [PAR] Enter Bill Clinton. [PAR] In the October, 1992 Presidential debate at Michigan State University, Ross Perot charmed America with his no-nonsense wit: "I love the fact that people will listen to a guy with a bad accent and a poor presentation manner talking about flip charts for 30 minutes, because they want the details. See, all the folks up there at the top said the attention span of the American people is no more than five minutes, they won't watch it. They're thirsty for it." [PAR] The two candidates could hardly have been more different. Bush was a hero of World War II and had extensive Washington experience, including heading the CIA, Ambassador to the United Nations, and eight years as Vice-President. [PAR] Clinton was born after World War II and did not fight in Vietnam, so he faced constant charges of dodging the draft. He had no experience on the federal level of government; he simply was the popular governor of Arkansas. Throughout the campaign, scandal after scandal hit Clinton. Charges of adultery were addressed on television. When accused of smoking marijuana in the 1960s, Clinton confessed — but added that he did | bill clinton |
Which is the only English cathedral other than Lichfield to have three spires? | [DOC] [TLE] Lichfield Cathedral, Staffordshire - Photographers ResourceLichfield Cathedral [PAR] Lichfield Cathedral [PAR] Picture By Roger Robinson [PAR] Lichfield Cathedral was never a monastery as most, but was established as a cathedral and has continued with minimal interruption. It was not greatly affected by the dissolution of the monasteries in the period of Henry VIII, and its only severe problem was in the time of the civil war, when it was badly damaged, and one of its three spires was felled. It is England's only medieval Cathedral with three spires, Truro Cathedral, and the Episcopal Cathedral in Edinburgh have three spires but both were built in the 19th century. [PAR] The present building was started in 1195, and completed by the building of the Lady Chapel in the 1330s. It replaced a Norman building begun in 1085 which had replaced one, or possibly two, Saxon buildings from the seventh century. The Bishop's Palace built in 1687 and a theological college built in 1837, are next to the cathedral. [PAR] One of the smallest cathedrals it measures 113m (370ft) in length from inside the West Door to the extreme end of the Lady Chapel. It is only 21m (68ft) wide. It is one of only twelve surviving medieval chapter houses. The central spire is 77m (252ft) high and the western spires about 58m (190ft) high. There are 113 statues on the West Front, but only four are medieval. The rest were carved towards the end of the 19th century, as the original statues had become very worn and most were removed in the 18th century. [PAR] History [PAR] This site now occupied by the cathedral was already a holy site, as the scene of martyrdoms during the Roman period. These would have been Celtic Christians well ahead of the first Catholics arriving in Britain. It is therefore likely that the site was occupied by several earlier Celtic Christian churches ahead of being 'pack and wrapped' into the Catholic faith. We know little about this, other than it being the reason for the cathedral being on the site now. When Chad was made Bishop of Mercia in 669 he moved his See from Repton to Lichfield, because it was a holy site, due to the martyrdom that had occurred. [PAR] The first Cathedral to be built on the present site was in 700AD when Bishop Hedda built a new church to house the bones of St Chad, which had become a sacred shrine to many pilgrims when he died in 672. Offa, King of Mercia seemed to resent his own bishops paying allegiance to the Archbishop of Canterbury in Kent who, whilst under Offa's control, was not of his own kingdom of Mercia. Offa therefore created his own archbishopric in Lichfield, who presided over all the bishops from the Humber to the Thames. All this began in 786, with the consent of Pope Adrian. The Pope�s official representatives were received warmly by Offa and were present at the Council of Chelsea (787), often called `the contentious synod', where it was proposed that the Archbishopric of Canterbury be restricted in order to make way for Offa's new archbishop. It was vehemently opposed, but Offa and the papal representatives defeated Archbishop Jaenbert, installing Higbert as the new Archbishop of Lichfield. Pope Adrian sent Higbert the pallium, denoting his support for this move. In gratitude, Offa promised to send an annual shipment of gold to the pope for alms and supplying the lights in St. Peter's church in Rome. However, The Archbishopric of Lichfield only lasted for 16 years, ending soon after Offa's death, when it was restored to Archbishop Aethelheard of Canterbury. [PAR] Click on any small image to see a larger version [PAR] Image from wikipedia, edited to show more detail, click here [PAR] to see original. [PAR] Starting in 1085 and continuing through the twelfth century the original wooden Saxon church was replaced by a Norman Cathedral | truro |
Who was the lead singer in The Police? | [DOC] [TLE] ‘He’s not a team player’: Police guitarist on Sting’s big ...‘He’s not a team player’: Police guitarist on Sting’s big ego | New York Post [PAR] ‘He’s not a team player’: Police guitarist on Sting’s big ego [PAR] In a new documentary, the Police's former guitarist reveals why working with Sting was a real buzzkill. By 1980, drummer Stewart Copeland (from left), Sting and guitarist Andy Summers were already feuding. AP [PAR] More On: [PAR] Sting and Trudie buying and selling big along Central Park [PAR] “It’s not just about the Police.” Guitarist Andy Summers is talking about his new documentary, “Can’t Stand Losing You: Surviving the Police,” out Friday and based on his 2006 memoir, “One Train Later.” [PAR] The film’s poster features a picture of Summers and the other two members of the Police, one of the most successful rock bands of all time, and the promotional material says the film “tells of the rise of the Police.” [PAR] Yet Summers bristles at the notion the film is just about the band. [PAR] “It deals with my life before the Police [also],” he tells The Post. [PAR] The film does indeed tackle other topics — including his marriage (he and wife Kate divorced in the ’80s, then remarried later), and his time before that as a respected guitarist who made the short list to join the Rolling Stones when Mick Taylor left that band. [PAR] But his defensiveness is not atypical for a musician from a successful group with a charismatic leader; it’s a virtual scream of, “I’m in the Police too, it’s not just Sting!” [PAR] The band formed in London in 1977, and Sting became the focus for media and fans early on. Summers notes in the film that the singer’s “moody arrogance” made him perfect fodder for the star-making machine: “This attention to our singer does cause friction.” [PAR] As Summers tells The Post, “Look, he was a very good-looking guy with a great voice, and he’d strip off onstage. We were dripping with No. 1 records . . . It’s a classic story — the lead singer starts to get more attention because he’s the guy actually singing, and of course there’s that ego that goes with it, and control issues.” [PAR] Sting’s independence was already notable by the recording of the 1980 Police album “Zenyattà Mondatta.” [PAR] The Police perform on stage in New York in 1980.Getty Images [PAR] “He’s not a team player, doesn’t share credits, and makes comments in the press to that effect,” Summers says in the film. [PAR] When Summers brought in an instrumental song called “Behind My Camel,” Sting refused to play on it. Summers wound up recording it with drummer Stewart Copeland, playing both bass and guitar himself. At one point, Sting, “half-joking, half-serious,” hid the tapes of the song in the gardens at the back of the studio. Summers found them and finished the song, and it wound up winning the Grammy Award for Best Rock Instrumental Performance. [PAR] As Summers recalls in the doc, by 1981 “the fragile democracy has become a dictatorship, and Sting’s agenda, although veiled, is obvious. He does not want to be in a band.” [PAR] By 1986 — just a couple years after their massive hit album “Synchronicity” — the band was done. Summers has his regrets: “What we should have done was go away for a couple of years and all do solo projects.” [PAR] And if both he and Sting had had smaller egos, the band might not have reached the heights it did, Summer says. [PAR] “You have to have someone with an ego like Sting’s, or mine, or Stewart’s, to make [this sort of success] happen. Let’s say you had a guitar player that’s on fire, and a drummer that’s on fire, and a really | sting |
Where in Paris would you find The Richelieu Wing, The Sully Wing and The Napoleon Hall? | [DOC] [TLE] Napoleon Hall- Louvre Question. - Paris Forum - TripAdvisorNapoleon Hall- Louvre Question. - Paris Forum - TripAdvisor [PAR] Napoleon Hall- Louvre Question. - Paris Forum [PAR] Review a place you’ve visited [PAR] JOIN [PAR] Which Paris hotels are on sale? [PAR] mm/dd/yyyy mm/dd/yyyy [PAR] Napoleon Hall- Louvre Question. [PAR] Feb 15, 2013, 2:48 AM [PAR] Hello TA members. It might sound stupid, but after visiting the official website of Louvre and having searched at forum topics, i STILL dont understand Napoleon Hall. I am only interested in visiting the permanent collections not the temporary ones, but i googled Napoleon Hall and the picture i get is a huge spiral staircase (very impressive) obviously under the pyramid. So, if i dont get tickets to Napoleon Hall, i wont be able to access that part of the museum under the pyramid with that staircase??? Or i wont be able to enter specific parts where the temporary exhibits are??? Am i totally IDIOT or at a small percentage only?? [PAR] Report inappropriate content [PAR] Travelers interested in this topic also viewed... [PAR] Show Prices [PAR] 1. Re: Napoleon Hall- Louvre Question. [PAR] Feb 15, 2013, 3:16 AM [PAR] the spiral staircase under the pyramid is in the entryway of the museum - -not a part of the Napoleon Apartments, and completely free to see (you'll have to go through security, though) [PAR] The Napoleon Apartments are included in the price of your regular ticket. [PAR] There are three wings to the Louvre -- Denon, Sully, and Richelieu -- there is not a "Napoleon Hall" -- the Napoleon Apartments are the section of the palace where Napoleon III lived, with all its furnishings -- it isn't really an art museum like the rest of the museum. [PAR] Report inappropriate content [PAR] 2. Re: Napoleon Hall- Louvre Question. [PAR] Feb 15, 2013, 3:19 AM [PAR] sorry, i meant Hall Napoleon. [PAR] Report inappropriate content [PAR] 3. Re: Napoleon Hall- Louvre Question. [PAR] Feb 15, 2013, 4:53 AM [PAR] I think what you mean is the Cour Napoleon, which is the main courtyard with the Pyramid entrance to the Louvre. You take the spiral staircase to go down into the central hall where you then have access to the different wings. This is where you will need to have a ticket which will be checked at the entrance to each wing. The Pyramid entrance is the one which always seems to have the longest security queue so you might want to use another entrance. [PAR] Report inappropriate content [PAR] 4. Re: Napoleon Hall- Louvre Question. [PAR] Feb 15, 2013, 5:00 AM [PAR] Could be, afds! [PAR] Yes, much easier to enter through the Carrousel de Louvre shopping centre. [PAR] Report inappropriate content [PAR] 5. Re: Napoleon Hall- Louvre Question. [PAR] Feb 15, 2013, 5:02 AM [PAR] what i mean is this: [PAR] "Tickets for Exhibitions in the Hall Napoléon: €12" [PAR] Report inappropriate content [PAR] 6. Re: Napoleon Hall- Louvre Question. [PAR] Feb 15, 2013, 5:19 AM [PAR] Thank you, oupsss, for giving me the opportunity to learn something new, I had no idea that the central hall is called the Hall Napoleon. I also had no idea that there was an exhibition space there, I just remember it as the starting point with information desks and escalators and lots of people milling about. [PAR] This is what I found on the www.aparisguide.com website: "Beneath the Pyramid is the Hall Napoleon, a 700 foot cavern which holds the ticket office, the excellent book store and the entranceways to all the exhibit areas. " [PAR] Since your interest is in the permanent collection you don't need the ticket for the Hall Napoleon temporary exhibition or the combined ticket, just the 11 Euro ticket. [PAR] Report inappropriate content[DOC] [TLE] The Sully Wing of the Louvre Museum - ParisMore [PAR] [PAR] The Louvre Museum in Paris is structured like an upside-down "U". At the far back is the Sully Wing. To the left is the Richelieu Wing and on the right is the | louvre |
In the fairy tale 'Snow White...', how many dwarfs were there? | [DOC] [TLE] Exploring the True Origins of Snow White and the Seven ...Exploring the True Origins of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs | Ancient Origins [PAR] 12 October, 2015 - 01:25 aprilholloway [PAR] Exploring the True Origins of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs [PAR] (Read the article on one page) [PAR] Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is one of the most famous fairy tales in the world, first related in 1812 when the Grimm brothers published their collection of tales that had been gathered from old European folk stories. Like many of the Grimm tales, it is believed that Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs has been in existence since the Middle Ages, passed down through word-of-mouth over the centuries. In 1937, Walt Disney’s animated feature film of Snow White popularized the story worldwide, and since then, it has generally been regarded as purely a tale of fiction. However, recent research suggests the famous fairy tale may not be so fictional after all. [PAR] Plot Summary [PAR] The story of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs tells the tale of a beautiful princess born with skin so fair and pure that her mother named her Snow White. After the Queen’s death, her father married a woman who was vain and wicked, and who would stand in front of a magic mirror asking who was the fairest woman in the land. The mirror always replied “My Queen, you are the fairest one of all”, until one day an answer came that threw her into a rage – Snow White was now the fairest woman in all the land. [PAR] Snow White’s evil step-mother talking to her magic mirror ( Wikipedia ). [PAR] Snow White’s step-mother, furious at what the mirror had told her, ordered a huntsman to take her into the forest and kill her. But the huntsman felt sympathy for Snow White and let her free. Snow White came upon a small cottage and, feeling exhausted, collapsed into one of the beds and fell into a deep sleep. When she awoke, seven dwarfs were looking down upon her. They told Snow White she could stay with them as long as she cleaned and cooked. [PAR] Snow White and the dwarfs lived in contentment until one day when the magic mirror told the Queen that Snow White was alive and was still the fairest of them all. The Queen disguised herself as an old woman and presented Snow White with a poisoned apple. After taking a bite of the apple, Snow White fell unconscious. The dwarfs, assuming she was dead, built a glass coffin and placed her inside. [PAR] One day, a handsome Prince passed by and saw Snow White in the coffin. He fell instantly in love with her and convinced the dwarfs to let him take the coffin so he could give her a proper funeral. As he and some other men were carrying the coffin, they tripped over some tree roots causing the poisoned apple to dislodge from Snow White’s throat. She awakened and the Prince declared his love for her. They were married, and as all fairy tales go, they lived happily ever after. [PAR] The Prince awakens Snow White ( Wikipedia ) [PAR] Snow White is Margarete von Waldeck? [PAR] In 1994, a German historian named Eckhard Sander published Schneewittchen: Marchen oder Wahrheit? (Snow White: Is It a Fairy Tale?) , claiming he had uncovered an account that may have inspired the story that first appeared in Grimm’s Fairy Tales. [PAR] According to Sander, the character of Snow White was based on the life of Margarete von Waldeck, a German countess born to Philip IV in 1533. At the age of 16, Margarete was forced by her stepmother, Katharina of Hatzfeld to move away to Wildungen in Brussels. There, Margarete fell in love with a prince who would later become Phillip II of Spain. [PAR] Margarete’s father and stepmother disapproved of the relationship as it was ‘politically inconvenient’. Margarete mysteriously died at the age of 21, apparently having been poisoned. Historical accounts point to the King of Spain, who opposing the romance, may have dispatched Spanish agents to murder Margarete. [PAR] So what about the seven dwarfs | seven |
Future British Chancellor of the Exchequer Francis Dashwood founded which club in the 18th century? | [DOC] [TLE] Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer - PediaView.comFrancis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer [PAR] Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer [PAR] Francis Dashwood, 11th Baron le Despencer PC FRS (December 1708 – 11 December 1781) was an English rake and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (1762–1763) and founder of the Hellfire Club . [PAR] Contents [PAR] Biography [PAR] Early life [PAR] Dashwood was born in Great Marlborough Street, London, in December 1708. [a] He was only son of Sir Francis Dashwood, 1st Baronet (died 1724), and his second wife Mary, eldest daughter of Vere Fane, 4th Earl of Westmorland . [2] [b] [PAR] Dashwood was educated at Eton College where he became associated with William Pitt the Elder . Upon the death of his father on 4 November 1724, Dashwood, who was only fifteen, inherited his father’s estates and the Baronetcy of Dashwood of West Wycombe . [1] [c] [PAR] Grand tours [PAR] Dashwood spent his youth and early adulthood abroad gaining a reputation for notoriety while travelling around Europe. He impersonated Charles XII while in Russia and attempted to seduce Tsarina Anne, and was later expelled from the Papal states . [4] [PAR] His sojourns abroad did also include classical aspects of the European Grand Tour . After travelling to France and then returning via Germany to England between January and September 1726, he did not venture abroad again until 1729, when he was away for two years returning in 1731. During this time he visited Italy (he was to return to Italy between 1739 and 1741 when stayed in Florence and Rome and visited Leghorn and the excavations at Herculaneum). While in Italy he befriended the philosopher and theologian Antonio Niccolini (1701–1769). In 1733—between the visits to Italy—Dashwood accompanied George, Lord Forbes , envoy-extraordinary, to St Petersburg , stopping on the way at Copenhagen . In the opinion of Patrick Woodland, the author of his biography in the ODNB (2004), “His intelligent and discriminating diary of this expedition offers important first-hand descriptions of both capitals at this date”. [1] [PAR] Dilettanti Society and the Divan Club [PAR] In 1732 Dilettanti formed a dining club called the Society of Dilettanti with around 40 charter members (some of whom may have been members of Wharton’s original club) who had returned from the Grand Tour with a greater appreciation of classical art. William Hogarth drew Sir Francis Dashwood at his Devotions for dilettante Viscount Boyne . [5] [PAR] “[I]f not the actual projector and founder of the [Dilettanti] Society, he was certainly its leading member in 1736″. [6] He took a prominent part in the proceedings of the Dilettanti Society , and in 1742 George Knapton painted Dashwood’s portrait for the society. On 2 March 1746, when John, Earl of Sandwich was suspended from his office of archmaster for “his misbehaviour to and contempt of the Society”, Dashwood was elected in his place, and he presented to the King various petitions from the society when it was seeking to acquire a permanent home. [7] In 1740 Dashwood was at Florence with Horace Walpole , Gray, and others, and shortly afterwards he got into trouble with Sir Horace Mann ; there he also made the acquaintance of Lady Mary Wortley-Montagu . In 1743 Horace Walpole was not impressed and described the Dilettanti Society as “a club for which the nominal qualification is having been to Italy, and the real one, being drunk; the two chiefs are Lord Middlesex and Sir Francis Dashwood, who were seldom sober the whole time they were in Italy”. [8] However Dilettanti Society did have a serious side and his work in that field resulted in his election as a FRS in June 1746 and FSA in June 1769. He also became a member of the Lincoln Club in the mid-1740s and of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce in 1754. He had connections with the Spalding Society and became vice-president of both the Foundling Hospital and the General Medical Asylum. [1] [PAR] Dashwood in Divan Club attire. [PAR] In 1744 he and fellow Dilettante the Earl of Sandwich founded the short- | hellfire |
Which orchestral instrument can play the highest note? | [DOC] [TLE] What Instruments Have the Highest Pitch? | eHowWhat Instruments Have the Highest Pitch? | eHow [PAR] What Instruments Have the Highest Pitch? [PAR] Photos.com/Photos.com/Getty Images [PAR] Each instrument has its own voice. You'll find the highest-pitched of these voices in a classical orchestra, where brass, string and woodwind instruments work together to produce some of the most beautiful music ever recorded. The human voice, indeed an instrument, can't compete with the high pitch sounds produced by some of these instruments. Truly, the world of music would suffer without these highest-pitched instruments. [PAR] Orchestra: Brass [PAR] Of all the most common brass instruments used in an orchestra -- tuba, French horn, trumpet, trombone -- the trumpet has the highest pitch. According to the book "Music Listening Today," the trumpet achieves this high pitch via its three piston valves that change the length of the instrument's tubing. The cornet, closely related to the trumpet, has a different build, with tubing that's more cone-shaped on the inside instead of the cylinder-shaped tubing found in the trumpet. In the book, "Classical Music," author Phil Goulding mentions the C-alto horn as the highest pitched in the brass horn family; but it is rarely used nowadays. [PAR] Orchestra: String [PAR] The violin, the smallest instrument in the string family, plays the highest pitch notes among the string instruments. It has four strings and is similar to the viola, but is smaller in size. The higher-pitched sounds that emanate from the violin can express a sweetness and expressiveness that's difficult to replicate. The violin's strings being tuned in fifths contributes the wide range of sounds its capable of, including its high pitch. [PAR] Orchestra: Woodwind [PAR] Determining which instrument in the woodwind family has the highest pitch is a matter of slight controversy. Actually, it's rather well established that the piccolo, similar to the flute, is the highest-pitched among the woodwinds. Musicians at the Chattanooga Symphony and Orchestra agree, noting that the piccolo reaches one octave higher than the flute. But musicians at the Knoxville Symphony say that the flute is the highest-pitched woodwind. According to the book "Voice and Vision," the piccolo's pitch peaks at 5,200 Hz. [PAR] Piano, Guitar and Human Voice [PAR] Other instruments, such as the piano, guitar and human voice, have fairly high pitch levels, albeit not at the level of other orchestral instruments. Interestingly, as high as female opera singers and Maria Carey can sing, the average pitch peak for the human voice is 2,000 Hz. The piano, with its high-C note, reaches just below 4,200 Hz. And on a 24-fret guitar you can reach approximately 1,175 Hz -- just below the human voice's average maximum, which may be especially surprising after listening to a Joe Satriani guitar solo. [PAR] "Understanding Voice Over IP Technology"; Nicholas Wittenberg; 2009 [PAR] "Music Listening Today"; Charles Hoffer; 2009 [PAR] "Classical Music"; Phil G. Goulding; 1995 [PAR] "Voice and Vision"; Mick Hurbis-Cherrier; 2011 [PAR] Photo Credit Photos.com/Photos.com/Getty Images[DOC] [TLE] lowest and highest-pitched instruments in the orchestralowest and highest-pitched instruments in the orchestra [PAR] lowest and highest-pitched instruments in the orchestra [PAR] « on: February 09, 2008, 12:59:34 PM » [PAR] Assuming there is no organ or piano, what are the highest and lowest-pitched instruments in the orchestra? Can the contrabasoon play lower than the double bass? The tuba? Can a violin produce a higher-pitched note than a piccolo? [PAR] Logged [PAR] « Reply #1 on: February 09, 2008, 06:44:08 PM » [PAR] Lowest is tuba while piccolo is highest. [PAR] Logged [PAR] Quote from: XB-70 Valkyrie on February 09, 2008, 12:59:34 PM [PAR] Assuming there is no organ or piano, what are the highest and lowest-pitched instruments in the orchestra? [PAR] Generally speaking, they are the piccolo (highest note is the highest C on the piano, although it requires a skilled player to comfortably play the notes in the | violin |
In which city is Temple Mead railway station? | [DOC] [TLE] Hotels near - Bristol Temple Meads Railway StationHotels accommodation near Bristol Temple Meads Railway Station [PAR] Hotels near - Bristol Temple Meads Railway Station [PAR] List of accommodation which include: [PAR] Hotels, guesthouses & Bed and Breakfasts in or near Bristol Temple Meads Railway Station. [PAR] Bristol Temple Meads Railway Station [PAR] Bristol Temple Meads is a railway station in Bristol, England. It is situated about a mile south-east of the city centre, and is the main station for central Bristol. Bristol's other main-line station, Bristol Parkway, is situated on the northern outskirts of the town.The station is presently served by express services on the Great Western route from London Paddington, Virgin Cross-Country express services between the North of England and the South West, and local and regional trains. Due to the layout of the lines arou nd the station, trains to Wales, the midlands, the north, London and down to the south coast all exit out the east end of the station. Only trains heading on the line down to Cornwall exit out the west end. The station has its platforms numbered 1-15, excluding 14; most of the platform faces have two numbers, with platform 4 (for example) being the south end of platform 3.[DOC] [TLE] RailwayStation | Bristol Temple Meads Railway StationRailwayStation | Bristol Temple Meads Railway Station [PAR] Bristol Temple Meads Railway Station [PAR] Scheduled Departures [PAR] Seat Reservations possible from any station (white diamond symbol) [PAR] Catering: [PAR] Seat Reservations Recommended (R symbol in black box) [PAR] Catering: [PAR] Seat Reservations possible from any station (white diamond symbol) [PAR] Catering: [PAR] Seat Reservations Recommended (R symbol in black box) [PAR] Catering: [PAR] Seat Reservations possible from any station (white diamond symbol) [PAR] Catering: [PAR] Speed: [PAR] 90 mph [PAR] CAUTION: Data is updated weekly and may not reflect unplanned dispruptions such as essential engineering works, weather or otherwise. Live train times can be found on our Stationboard pages. Train schedules data courtesy of ATOC . Last updated: 2017-01-13.[DOC] [TLE] Bristol Temple Meads Station | Trains to Bristol Temple ...Bristol Temple Meads Station | Trains to Bristol Temple Meads – Trainline [PAR] Trains to Bristol Temple Meads [PAR] Share this route [PAR] Bristol Temple Meads, with its French gothic style fort-like entrance, is a marvel to behold and - not surprisingly - one of the UK's most recognisable stations. It's also one of the largest, dealing with over 6 million passengers each and every year. The modern day building sits at the head of a charming stone forecourt, flanked by the original 1841 station designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, which now functions as an exhibition centre known as Brunel's Old Station. Today, Temple Meads is a South West transport mecca with trains running direct to most parts of the UK, including Wales and Scotland. Bristol itself is equally as fascinating with a burgeoning food and art scene found throughout its many districts - from the classy cafè culture of Clifton, to the modern eateries and museums of Harbourside, and the action-packed pubs and independent shops of Park Street, there's something for everyone. It's also incredibly idyllic, boasting European Green Capital status. The city centre is a fifteen-minute walk away but buses and taxis operate from the station forecourt. [PAR] Station details & facilities [PAR] The station only has eight tracks but fifteen platforms, as they often handle two trains at once. Many of the platforms are, thus, numbered differently at either end, with odd numbers at the east end. A step-free subway links the platforms. The ticket office and ticket machines are found directly ahead of the main entrance and a bookshop is on the right adjoining the platform entrance. There is no platform 14. [PAR] Ticket Office [PAR] Ticket Machine : [PAR] Staff help available : False [PAR] Ticket Office opening hours : Please note: Reservations and tickets requiring reservations are sold at the following times only: Mon - Sat 08:30 - 18:00 [PAR] Day [PAR] Lost Property phone number : 03457 000 125 [PAR] Facilities [PAR] Telephones : [PAR] Telephones type : Coins and cards [PAR] Staff Help Notes : Staff assistance is available; please | bristol |
"Whose motto is ""All things, for all people, everywhere""?" | [DOC] [TLE] 'All things for all people, everywhere' in Harrods ...'All things for all people, everywhere' in Harrods - Semester In London [PAR] 'All things for all people, everywhere' in Harrods [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Harrods is a luxury department store which is located in the district of Knightsbridge. There are seven huge levels and more than 4,000 employees work here. From 1938 to 2000, Harrods was a Royal warrant holder. This was a prestigious symbol, which gave the store an international reputation. The motto of the famous store is: ‘Omnia, omnibus, ubique’, which means ‘All things for all people, everywhere’. And this is true! Everything you want is at Harrods: luxury clothes, cosmetics, food, pets, toys, furniture, home appliances, jewellery, and I think I forget many other things... [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The interior decoration of the department store is meticulously arranged. Everything is beautiful and it is said that it is even more wonderful during Christmas holiday. Salespeople are well-dressed, smiling and ask customers ‘How do you do?’ or ‘How are you?’, even if they don’t know them! [PAR] In my view, it is important to see the Food Halls. Shop signs are amazing and the atmosphere is special. You can find fish, oysters, foie-gras, sushis, meat, English biscuits, a large variety of tea... [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] The pet department is also unusual. It is a paradise for little dogs and Paris Hilton... Owners can buy (ridiculous) clothes and beds for their dogs! I also heard that each year Harrods organizes a fashion show for celebrities’ dogs, which is called ‘Canine Fashion Show’. [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] [PAR] Finally, there is a memorial for Lady Diana and Dodi Fayed. Indeed, Dodi Fayed was Diana’s lover and the son of the former director of Harrods. [PAR] [DOC] [TLE] Harrods Corporate ServiceHarrods Corporate Service [PAR] Whether you’re looking to build client relations or toast to success, Corporate Service at Harrods can help you celebrate, motivate and impress the people close to your company with carefully selected gifts from our world‑famous store. [PAR] Mission Statement [PAR] To consistently provide our corporate clients with pioneering solutions to fit their needs by adopting a proactive approach towards an unprecedented level of customer service. [PAR] We aim to form and sustain a personal rapport with each client, built upon our remarkable knowledge of luxury brands, expertise in the industry and our ability to exceed the expectations of our global clientele. [PAR] All things for all people, everywhere [PAR] Harrods' motto is Omnia Omnibus Ubique - all things for all people, everywhere. With access to the finest luxury brands worldwide, Corporate Service at Harrods can help you find the perfect gift for any recipient. Thank and congratulate business associates with fine wines, designer accessories, cutting‑edge technology and much more from one of our 330 departments. [PAR] Expertise in corporate gifting [PAR] Drawing on an extensive knowledge of global cultures and quality products, our award‑winning team fulfils every request with imaginative suggestions. Your dedicated Account Executive will guide you through the vast selection of goods available from Harrods, and be your point of contact. [PAR] Christmas Hampers [PAR] Shop Now [PAR] The Harrods gift card [PAR] Give the gift of endless possibilities with the Harrods Gift Card. Cards can be loaded with any value from £10 to £10,000, and can be used to purchase items from across the Knightsbridge store and online at harrods.com. The Harrods Gift Card can also be packaged in a memorable presentation box and accompanied by a personal message. [PAR] For more information on bulk and cumulative Harrods Gift card discount rates please contact the Corporate Service at Harrods team by email at Corporate.Service@Harrods.com or by phone [PAR] +44 (0)20 7225 5994 | harrods |
Who was the 'father of medicine' to whom a code of medical ethics is attributed and which bears his name? | [DOC] [TLE] HippocratesHippocrates of Kos (; ; Hippokrátēs; 460 – 370 BC), also known as Hippocrates II, was a Greek physician of the Age of Pericles (Classical Greece), and is considered one of the most outstanding figures in the history of medicine. He is referred to as the "Father of Western Medicine" in recognition of his lasting contributions to the field as the founder of the Hippocratic School of Medicine. This intellectual school revolutionized medicine in ancient Greece, establishing it as a discipline distinct from other fields with which it had traditionally been associated (theurgy and philosophy), thus establishing medicine as a profession. [PAR] However, the achievements of the writers of the Corpus, the practitioners of Hippocratic medicine, and the actions of Hippocrates himself were often commingled; thus very little is known about what Hippocrates actually thought, wrote, and did. Hippocrates is commonly portrayed as the paragon of the ancient physician, and credited with coining the Hippocratic Oath, still relevant and in use today. He is also credited with greatly advancing the systematic study of clinical medicine, summing up the medical knowledge of previous schools, and prescribing practices for physicians through the Hippocratic Corpus and other works. [PAR] Biography [PAR] Historians agree that Hippocrates was born around the year 460 BC on the Greek island of Kos; other biographical information, however, is likely to be untrue. [PAR] Soranus of Ephesus, a 2nd-century Greek gynecologist, was Hippocrates' first biographer and is the source of most personal information about him. Later biographies are in the Suda of the 10th century AD, and in the works of John Tzetzes, which date from the 12th century AD. Hippocrates is mentioned in passing in the writings of two contemporaries: Plato, in "Protagoras" and "Phaedrus", and, Aristotle's "Politics", which date from the 4th century BC. [PAR] Soranus wrote that Hippocrates' father was Heraclides, a physician, and his mother was Praxitela, daughter of Tizane. The two sons of Hippocrates, Thessalus and Draco, and his son-in-law, Polybus, were his students. According to Galen, a later physician, Polybus was Hippocrates' true successor, while Thessalus and Draco each had a son named Hippocrates (Hippocrates III and IV). [PAR] Soranus said that Hippocrates learned medicine from his father and grandfather (Hippocrates I), and studied other subjects with Democritus and Gorgias. Hippocrates was probably trained at the asklepieion of Kos, and took lessons from the Thracian physician Herodicus of Selymbria. Plato mentions Hippocrates in two of his dialogues: in Protagoras, Plato describes Hippocrates as "Hippocrates of Kos, the Asclepiad"; while in Phaedrus, Plato suggests that "Hippocrates the Asclepiad" thought that a complete knowledge of the nature of the body was necessary for medicine. Hippocrates taught and practiced medicine throughout his life, traveling at least as far as Thessaly, Thrace, and the Sea of Marmara. Several different accounts of his death exist. He died, probably in Larissa, at the age of 83, 85 or 90, though some say he lived to be well over 100. [PAR] Hippocratic theory [PAR] Hippocrates is credited with being the first person to believe that diseases were caused naturally, not because of superstition and gods. Hippocrates was credited by the disciples of Pythagoras of allying philosophy and medicine. He separated the discipline of medicine from religion, believing and arguing that disease was not a punishment inflicted by the gods but rather the product of environmental factors, diet, and living habits. Indeed there is not a single mention of a mystical illness in the entirety of the Hippocratic Corpus. However, Hippocrates did work with many convictions that were based on what is now known to be incorrect anatomy and physiology, such as Humorism. [PAR] Ancient Greek schools of medicine were split (into the Knidian and Koan) on how to deal with disease. The Knidian school of medicine focused on diagnosis. Medicine at the time of Hippocrates knew almost nothing of human anatomy and physiology because of the Greek taboo forbidding the dissection of humans. The Knidian school consequently failed to distinguish when one disease caused | father of medicine |
What is the more common eight letter name of the common human condition known as Seborrheic Dermatitus ? | [DOC] [TLE] Seborrheic Dermatitis and Cradle Cap | Cleveland ClinicSeborrheic Dermatitis and Cradle Cap | Cleveland Clinic [PAR] Share Facebook Twitter Linkedin Email Print [PAR] What is seborrheic dermatitis? [PAR] Seborrheic dermatitis is a skin condition that causes white-to-yellow greasy scales to form on the scalp, ears, and face. If it occurs on the scalp in babies, it is called "cradle cap." If it appears on the scalp in adults, it is known as dandruff. [PAR] Seborrheic dermatitis can cause various areas of the skin to be flaky or itchy. It usually affects the scalp, but can also affect other parts of the body. Common sites include the sides of the nose, eyebrows, ears, eyelids, and chest. It can also occur in the navel (belly button) and in the creases of the arms, legs, or groin. [PAR] What are the symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis? [PAR] Seborrhea of the scalp causes dandruff, which appears as loose, white flakes of skin that may itch. Seborrhea on other areas of the body can produce patches of skin that are red and scaly. [PAR] Cradle cap in infants appears as crusty yellow or brown scales on the scalp. This scaling can also be found on the eyelids, around the nose, and in the groin, and may itch. Scratching may cause additional inflammation in the area and may cause breaks in the skin, which can lead to mild infections or bleeding. [PAR] Who gets seborrheic dermatitis? [PAR] Seborrheic dermatitis occurs most often in infants younger than three months old and in adults between the ages of 30 and 60. It is more common in men than in women. [PAR] What are the causes of seborrheic dermatitis? [PAR] Seborrheic dermatitis can have many different causes. Hormones may play a role. A yeast called Malassezia, which is normally present on the skin, may overgrow and cause skin problems. [PAR] Other factors that can cause seborrheic dermatitis include: [PAR] Family history (other members of your family have it) [PAR] Stress [PAR] Infrequent shampoos or skin cleaning [PAR] Using alcohol-based lotions [PAR] Other skin disorders [PAR] Certain conditions such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, stroke, and head injury can cause seborrheic dermatitis. [PAR] How is seborrheic dermatitis diagnosed? [PAR] For most patients, seborrheic dermatitis is diagnosed based on the appearance of the affected skin and where it appears on the body. There is usually no need for blood, urine, or allergy tests. If the condition does not respond to treatment, a skin biopsy or other test may be performed to rule out another disease. [PAR] How is seborrheic dermatitis treated? [PAR] Treatment depends on your age and the area of the body that is affected. [PAR] In adolescents and adults, seborrheic dermatitis may clear up on its own. Dandruff can be treated with an over-the-counter dandruff shampoo that contains tar, salicylic acid, selenium sulfide, zinc pyrithione, or ketoconazole. The scalp and hair should be washed at least every other day. Steroid lotions may be used to treat other affected skin areas. [PAR] In babies, cradle cap usually clears up without treatment when the child is between 8 and 12 months old. It may be treated with daily cleansing, using a mild baby shampoo. Massage or brush the scalp with a soft brush several times a day and after each shampoo. Be careful not to cause a break in the skin, which can lead to infection. If the problem continues, or the baby seems uncomfortable and scratches the scalp, contact your pediatrician or dermatologist. He or she may prescribe a prescription shampoo or lotion. Other areas of affected skin may be treated with a gentle steroid lotion. [PAR] What is the prognosis (outlook) for patients who have seborrheic dermatitis? [PAR] In infants, cradle cap usually disappears on its own when the child is between 8 and 12 months old. [PAR] In adolescents and adults, dandruff can be a lifelong condition that can be controlled with treatment. The condition improves quickly with regular treatment. [PAR] See your healthcare provider if your condition doesn't respond to self-treatment, or if the affected area becomes red or painful, forms crusts, | dandruff |
A 'plutocracy' is government by whom? | [DOC] [TLE] What is America? A Republic? A Democracy? An Oligarchy? A ...What is America? A Republic? A Democracy? An Oligarchy? A Plutocracy? A Theocracy? | The Huffington Post [PAR] What is America? A Republic? A Democracy? An Oligarchy? A Plutocracy? A Theocracy? [PAR] 01/06/2015 02:29 pm ET | Updated Mar 08, 2015 [PAR] 110 [PAR] Gerry Myers CEO, president and co-founder of Advisory Link [PAR] I'm not sure what America's form of government is anymore but, it is definitely not a democracy. A Democracy provides every legal citizen of a certain age with the free and equal right to participate in a system of government that elects representatives of the people by the majority of the people, who promise to do the will of the people. [PAR] The Electoral College, gerrymandering, photo IDs and other voter suppression tactics are just some of the practices that keep America from being a democracy. In Bush vs. Gore, the Supreme Court gave the election to Bush even though Gore received more than a half million more popular votes. When the person receiving the most votes isn't the winner of the election, then that country is not a democracy. [PAR] A Republic is a form of government in which power resides with the people, and the government is ruled by elected leaders who govern according to laws designed to help citizens. If we believe this definition, then we are not a Republic because our elected leaders no longer rule by law or by what their constituents want. Instead, our officials rule by the wishes of corporations and billionaires. [PAR] An Oligarchy is a government in which a small group exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes. Some American politicians seem to want this form of government. After the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Citizens United, the United States became a country where money replaced free speech and corporations replaced people. Today, average people have less rights and less control over their government. While big corporations and wealthy donors, along with Wall Street, are free to influence elections, write legislation and destroy our country for their own selfish and greedy interests. [PAR] America appears to be headed in the direction of Plutocracy. This form of government believes a society should be ruled by its wealthiest members. The Supreme Court has allowed a flood of money to buy our elections, rather than the will of the people. Income inequality is growing, the middle class is disappearing, and Republicans continue to block raising the minimum wage for hard working Americans. Women don't make equal pay for equal work, and CEOs make insane compensation, while workers are pushed for greater productivity for less money. The rich are getting richer, while the poor are barely living paycheck to paycheck. [PAR] A Theocracy is a government ruled by or subject to religious authority. If those on the conservative right get their way, they will destroy the very foundation our ancestors died for. Our country was based on freedom of religion and the separation of church and state. But the recent Hobby Lobby case has blurred those lines. The Koch Brothers and others are funding local elections to school boards in order to establish a creationism curriculum vs. an evolution or scientific explanation. They want their religious beliefs to be the basis for our laws and government. [PAR] Socialism is an economic concept that advocates public ownership of all resources. The Republicans have accused President Obama of creating a socialist society. But by definition, that is false. Even the Affordable Care Act is not government owned, and is supported by independent insurance companies that are publically owned by shareholders, not the government. The government doesn't own the resources in this country, private enterprises do. The government does play a role in our society by providing security (police, fire, military), infrastructure (roads and bridges), and education (pre-k thru 12th grade) for all children but, that is not socialism. It is just governing effectively and doing the job they were elected to do. In the last few Congressional sessions our elected officials failed to do their job and pass any meaningful legislation, but they didn't fail to collect their government-issued | wealth |
What name is given to the ancient region in the area of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers? | [DOC] [TLE] Tigris-Euphrates river system | river system, Asia ...Tigris-Euphrates river system | river system, Asia | Britannica.com [PAR] Tigris-Euphrates river system [PAR] Iraq [PAR] Tigris-Euphrates river system, great river system of southwestern Asia . It comprises the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which follow roughly parallel courses through the heart of the Middle East . The lower portion of the region that they define, known as Mesopotamia (Greek: “Land Between the Rivers”), was one of the cradles of civilization. [PAR] The Tigris and Euphrates river basin and its drainage network. [PAR] Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] The two rivers have their sources within 50 miles (80 km) of each other in eastern Turkey and travel southeast through northern Syria and Iraq to the head of the Persian Gulf . The total length of the Euphrates (Sumerian: Buranun; Akkadian: Purattu; biblical: Perath; Arabic: Al-Furāt; Turkish: Fırat) is about 1,740 miles (2,800 km). The Tigris (Sumerian: Idigna; Akkadian: Idiklat; biblical: Hiddekel; Arabic: Dijlah; Turkish: Dicle) is about 1,180 miles (1,900 km) in length. [PAR] The rivers usually are discussed in three parts: their upper, middle, and lower courses. The upper courses are restricted to the valleys and gorges of eastern Anatolia , through which the rivers descend from their sources, lying 6,000 to 10,000 feet (1,800 to 3,000 metres) above sea level. Their middle courses traverse the uplands of northern Syria and Iraq, at elevations varying from 1,200 feet (370 metres) at the foot of the so-called Kurdish Escarpment to 170 feet (50 metres) where the rivers empty onto the plain of central Iraq. Finally, their lower courses meander across that alluvial plain , which both rivers have created jointly. At Al-Qurnah the rivers join to form the Shatt al-Arab in the southeastern corner of Iraq, which empties into the sea. [PAR] Physical features [PAR] General considerations [PAR] Having risen in close proximity, the Tigris and Euphrates diverge sharply in their upper courses, to a maximum distance of some 250 miles (400 km) apart near the Turkish-Syrian border. Their middle courses gradually approach each other, bounding a triangle of mainly barren limestone desert known as Al-Jazīrah (Arabic: “The Island”) in eastern Turkey, northern Iraq, and extreme northeastern Syria. There the rivers have cut deep and permanent beds in the rock, so that their courses have undergone only minor changes since prehistoric times. Along the northeastern edge of Al-Jazīrah, the Tigris drains the rain-fed heart of ancient Assyria , while along the southwestern limit the Euphrates crosses true desert. [PAR] The Euphrates River at Khān al-Baghdādī, on the edge of Al-Jazīrah plateau … [PAR] © Nik Wheeler [PAR] Eyjafjallajökull volcano [PAR] Because the lower Shatt al-Arab forms a portion of the Iraq-Iran border, Iraq’s dependence on the river as its only access to the sea has been an issue of strategic importance to both countries. The vulnerability of the minor Iraqi port at Al-Fāw, at the mouth of the Shatt al-Arab, was made clear by Iran’s capture of the city during the Iran-Iraq War. After that war, Iraq began cutting a channel to the gulf from Al-Zubayr, west of the main port of Baṣrah . It has been argued that the Persian Gulf War was brought on partly by Iraq’s desire to use the Kuwaiti islands of Būbiyān and Al-Warbah in the gulf as the off-loading points for that new channel. [PAR] Hydrology [PAR] The regime of the Tigris and Euphrates depends heavily on winter rains and spring snowmelt in the Taurus and Zagros mountains. The Euphrates traverses a considerably greater distance than the Tigris from its mountain basin to the point where it meets the Mesopotamian alluvial plain at Al-Ramādī in Iraq. On its long, gently sloping route through Syria and northern Iraq, the Euphrates loses much of its velocity and receives only two tributaries, the Balīkh and the (western) Khābūr, both of them spring-fed and entering from the left. The rate of | two rivers |
Which Canadian city was called Bytown until 1854? | [DOC] [TLE] Ottawa, city, Canada - InfopleaseOttawa, city, Canada [PAR] Encyclopedia > Places > United States, Canada, and Greenland > Canadian Political Geography [PAR] Ottawa [PAR] Ottawa (ŏtˈəwə) [ key ], city (1991 pop. 313,987), capital of Canada, SE Ont., at the confluence of the Ottawa and Rideau rivers. Hull , Que., just across the Ottawa at the mouth of the Gatineau River, forms part of the metropolitan area. The Rideau Canal separates the city into upper and lower towns; along its banks and those of the rivers are many landscaped drives as well as much of the city's land area, which totals 1,500 acres (607 hectares). Although Ottawa is not primarily an industrial center, it has industries that produce, among other goods, paper and paper products, printed materials, telecommunications equipment, and electronics. The area's industries utilize the hydroelectric power of the Ottawa (Chaudière Falls) and Gatineau valleys. Since 1940, the largest employer in Ottawa has been the federal government. The city is largely bilingual because federal government employees are required to know both English and French. [PAR] The National Capital Commission, a developer of public works, has done much to redevelop the core of the city, removing old rail lines and building new parks (Confederation Square) and national buildings (National Arts Centre, Major-General George R. Pearkes Building [the National Defence Headquarters], Bank of Canada Building). In part because of these development projects, tourism has become Ottawa's second largest industry, attracting about 4 million people annually. [PAR] Ottawa proper was founded in 1827 by Col. John By, an engineer in charge of construction of the Rideau Canal. At first called Bytown, it was named after the Ottawa, an Algonquian-speaking people, in 1854. In 1858, Ottawa was chosen by Queen Victoria to be the capital of the United Provinces of Canada, and in 1867 it became capital of the Dominion of Canada. [PAR] The government buildings, built between 1859 and 1865, were burned in 1916 but were immediately rebuilt on an enlarged scale. Other notable buildings are Rideau Hall, the residence of the governor-general, the Anglican and Roman Catholic cathedrals, the Bytown Museum, the Canadian Museum of Nature, the National Gallery, the National Arts Centre, the Canada Aviation and Space Museum, the Library and Archives Canada, the Canada Science and Technology Museum, the Royal Canadian Mint, and the Rideau Centre complex. Beechwood, the National Cemetery of Canada is the site of the national military cemetery. The Univ. of Ottawa, St. Paul Univ., and Carleton Univ. are in the city. The Canadian Football League's Renegades play in the city; the National Hockey League's Senators in suburban Kanata. [PAR] See R. B. Haig, Ottawa (1970); D. B. Knight, A Capital for Canada (1977); J. Taylor, Ottawa: An Illustrated History (1986). [PAR] The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.[DOC] [TLE] Chronological History of Bytown -- Ottawa, Ontario, Canada ...Chronological History of Bytown -- Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, by Mary Cox [PAR] Chronological History of Bytown [PAR] May 16, 2008: [PAR] Chronological History of Bytown - Mary M. Cox [PAR] Author's Note: I have fond memories of a lady living in our home when I was nine years old who told fascinating stories about Bytown. She was born in Ottawa in the late 1860s or early 1870s. It is to this lady that I owe a debt of gratitude. She was the one who first planted the seed that would lead me to research Bytown's history. I started compiling this information over forty years ago. Most of the information was written on index cards. This was something I did for my own interests. Unfortunately I did not document where I read the statements you are about to read. I really never thought I would ever share this information so I did not really think it was important at the time to | capital of canada |
Who had a hit in 1968 with 'Baby Come Back'? | [DOC] [TLE] Baby, Come Back (The Equals song)"Baby, Come Back" is a song written by Eddy Grant, and originally performed and recorded by his band The Equals. [PAR] The Equals version [PAR] The Equals were a group from North London, England. "Baby, Come Back" is a mixture of rock and roll and beat, very much reflecting the London sound of the 1960s. The song was first released in 1966, a year after the band formed, but did not chart. However, after impressive sales in the rest of Europe (it reached the top 10 in Belgium and The Netherlands) the song was re-issued in the UK on 1 May 1968 and reached #1 in the UK Singles Chart on 6 July 1968 spending three weeks there. In all the song stayed in the UK Top 75 for 18 weeks. [PAR] Eddy Grant himself released a new version of the song in 1984, 1985 and 1989, without much impact on the charts. [PAR] Chart performance [PAR] The Pato Banton featuring Ali and Robin Campbell of UB40 version [PAR] The song was covered by Pato Banton in 1994 who was joined by Robin and Ali Campbell of UB40. This version was different from the original in that it was in a more conventional, commercial reggae style and Banton added his own verses between the Campbells singing the original hook and chorus. [PAR] "Baby Come Back" by Pato Banton was a number one hit single in the UK and New Zealand. It was released on 19 September 1994 and entered the UK Singles Chart for the week ending 1 October 1994 at No. 16 and reached No. 1 in its fifth week on the chart, where it stayed for four weeks. It was the 4th biggest selling single of 1994 in the UK. In New Zealand, the song entered the chart on 30 October 1994 at No. 3, then rose to No. 2 the following week, before beginning a four-week reign at No. 1 from 13 November to 4 December 1994. Banton regularly appeared on Top of the Pops during this period, standing there like a prize plum as he had to admit that UB40 were on tour and the show played the video. [PAR] Track listing [PAR] UK CD Single [VSCDT1522] [PAR] #Baby Come Back - 3:52 [PAR] #Baby Come Back (Dub) - 6:03 [PAR] #Niceness (Live) - 5:40 [PAR] #Gwarn! (New Version) 4:21 [PAR] Chart performance [PAR] London Boys version [PAR] "Baby Come Back" is the first 1993 single from Europop duo London Boys. The single was produced by Ralf René Maué. The single was released in Germany and Austria, peaking at #27 in Austria. [PAR] This was the last single under the London Boys name with the next and last two singles being under the name "The New London Boys". [PAR] Formats [PAR] ;7" Single [PAR] #"Baby Come Back" - 3:24 [PAR] #"Baby Come Back (Instrumental)" - 3:23 [PAR] ;12" Single #1 [PAR] #"Baby Come Back (Please Come Home Extended Version)" - 6:05 [PAR] #"Baby Come Back (Cavallino 12" Remix Rapino Brothers)" - 5:06 [PAR] #"Baby Come Back (Affinity Tranceuro Remix)" - 5:38 [PAR] ;12" Single #2 [PAR] #"Baby Come Back (Teryiaky With The Rapino Bros Club Mix)" - 6:25 [PAR] #"Baby Come Back (Teryiaky Instrumental)" - 6:28 [PAR] #"Baby Come Back (Rapino 12" Handbag Mix)" - 5:20 [PAR] #"Baby Come Back (Affinity Tranceuro Mix)" - 5:40 [PAR] ;CD Single #1 [PAR] #"Baby Come Back (Radio Edit)" - 3:24 [PAR] #"Baby Come Back (Please Come Home Mix Extended Version)" - 5:29 [PAR] #"Baby Come Back (Cavallino 12" Remix Rapino Brothers)" - 5:06 [PAR] #"Baby Come Back (Affinity Tranceuro Remix)" - 5:38 [PAR] #"Bob Marley (Reggae Reggae Rasta Rasta)" - 2:10 [PAR] ;CD Single #2 [PAR] #"Baby Come Back (Original Version)" - 3:24 [PAR] #" | equals |
In the NATO phonetic alphabet which month is mentioned? | [DOC] [TLE] h2g2 - The NATO phonetic alphabet - Edited Entryh2g2 - The NATO phonetic alphabet - Edited Entry [PAR] The NATO phonetic alphabet Content from the guide to life, the universe and everything [PAR] The NATO phonetic alphabet [PAR] In its current state, the NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) phonetic alphabet stands as is shown below: [PAR] A - Alpha [PAR] 9 - Niner [PAR] How It All Started [PAR] It did not start off like this - over time, the phonetic alphabet has evolved. The phonetic alphabet is a system created by the NATO allies in the 1950s that would be intelligible and pronounceable to all NATO allies in the heat of battle. It has another name - the radiotelephony spelling alphabet. It requires words to be spelled out by their letters; for example, arm becomes Alpha Romeo Mike, and south becomes Sierra Oscar Uniform Tango Hotel. All the letters sound different, so there is no confusion over long distances over what people are saying. The reason that any phonetic alphabet is (or was) used is because telephone , radio and walkie-talkie communications had the habit of crackling over long distances, blotting out whole words or even sentences. The normal alphabet cannot be used, because some letters, for example P, B, C and D sound similar, and over long distances were indistinguishable, so a new method had to be found. When the code was invented it was also considered that consonants are the most difficult to hear against a noisy background. Hence the sequence of vowels in the phonetic code played an important role when the code was invented, so that when you hear a noisy '-oo-oo' you know the letter is a Z. The vowel-sequence thing works for most (though not all) combinations of letters. All of the words are recognisable by native English speakers because English must be used upon request for communication between an aircraft and a control tower whenever two nations are involved, regardless of their native languages. But it is only required internationally, not domestically, thus if both parties to a radio conversation are from the same country, then another phonetic alphabet of that nation's choice may be used. [PAR] The NATO Phonetic Alphabet is not the only phonetic alphabet in use, but it definitely is the one used by the most people and countries. From humble beginnings as only being for the NATO allies, it has spread, becoming used in a huge variety of everyday situations. It is used widely in telecommunications and business, as well as being used for call signs for hikers going through areas of bush or forest; and being the internationally recognised way of communicating at sea and by air, using the NATO phonetic alphabet means you can get what you are saying through wherever you are in the world. It is therefore a very helpful way of communicating information. [PAR] Previous Versions [PAR] Before the acceptance of the NATO phonetic alphabet, the British already had their own version. It was as follows: [PAR] A - Abel [PAR] I - In (or Indigo) [PAR] R - Roger (or Robert) [PAR] After the war, because many of the pilots and engineers had been taken from commercial flights, the phonetic alphabet became commonly used in civilian communications. But as many sounds were unique to English, different countries started making their own. For example, an alternative 'Ana Brazil' alphabet was used in Latin America. But the International Air Transport Association (IATA), recognising the need for a single universal alphabet, presented a draft alphabet to the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) in 1947. It had sounds common to English, French, and Spanish, and after further study and modification by each approving body, the revised alphabet was implemented November 1, 1951, and is as follows: [PAR] A - Alfa [PAR] I - India [PAR] R - Romeo [PAR] Immediately, problems were found with this version. Some users felt that the list was so hard to follow that they reverted to the old 'able baker' alphabet. To identify the deficiencies of the new alphabet, testing was conducted among speakers from 31 nations, mainly by the governments of the United Kingdom and the United States. Confusion among words like Delta | november |
"The technology industry centre known as ""Silicon Valley"" is in which state of the USA?" | [DOC] [TLE] Silicon Valley | region, California, United States ...Silicon Valley | region, California, United States | Britannica.com [PAR] Silicon Valley [PAR] list of cities and towns in the United States [PAR] Silicon Valley, industrial region around the southern shores of San Francisco Bay , California , U.S. , with its intellectual centre at Palo Alto , home of Stanford University . Silicon Valley includes northwestern Santa Clara county as far inland as San Jose , as well as the southern bay regions of Alameda and San Mateo counties. Its name is derived from the dense concentration of electronics and computer companies that sprang up there since the mid-20th century, silicon being the base material of the semiconductors employed in computer circuits. The economic emphasis in Silicon Valley has now partly switched from computer manufacturing to research, development, and marketing of computer products and software. [PAR] Silicon Valley. [PAR] Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. [PAR] Valley of Heart’s Delight [PAR] Early in the 20th century the area now called Silicon Valley was a bucolic region dominated by agriculture and known as the “Valley of Heart’s Delight” owing to the popularity of the fruits grown in its orchards. It is roughly bounded by San Francisco Bay on the north, the Santa Cruz Mountains on the west, and the Diablo Range on the east. But Silicon Valley is not only a geographic location. The very name is synonymous with the rise of the computer and electronics industry as well as the emergence of the digital economy and the Internet . As such, Silicon Valley is also a state of mind, an idea about regional economic development, and part of a new mythology of American wealth. Other U.S. states and even other countries have attempted to create their own “Silicon Valleys,” but they have often failed to re-create elements that were crucial to the success of the original. [PAR] Terman and Stanford Industrial Park [PAR] If any single person is responsible for Silicon Valley, it is the electrical engineer and administrator Frederick E. Terman (1900–82). While a graduate student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT; Ph.D., 1924), Terman saw how the faculty at Cambridge actively pursued research as well as contact with industry through consulting and the placement of students in corporations. Returning home to Palo Alto in 1925 to join the faculty at Stanford, where he had received his undergraduate degree, Terman realized that Stanford’s electrical engineering department was deficient. At MIT the faculty were experts in a broad range of fields—electronics, power engineering, computing, and communications—all on the leading edge of research. At Stanford the electrical engineering department had a single focus—electric power engineering. [PAR] Similar Topics [PAR] Caucasus [PAR] Terman set out to build Stanford into a major centre of radio and communications research. He also encouraged students such as William Hewlett and David Packard (of the Hewlett-Packard Company ) and Eugene Litton (of Litton Industries, Inc. ) to establish local companies. Terman also invested in these “ start-up” enterprises, personally demonstrating his desire to integrate the university with industry in the region. [PAR] When the United States entered World War II in 1941, Terman was made director of Harvard University ’s Radio Research Laboratory, which was dedicated to producing radar jamming and other electronic countermeasure technologies. At war’s end he returned to Stanford as dean of engineering, intent on transforming Stanford into a West Coast MIT. First, he selected technologies for research emphasis; given his wartime work on microwave radar, he began with microwave electronics. Second, he solicited military contracts to fund academic research by faculty members who had worked in microwave technology during the war. By 1949 Stanford had become one of the top three recipients of government research contracts, overshadowing all other electronics departments west of the Mississippi River . [PAR] In 1951 Terman spearheaded the creation of the Stanford Industrial (now Research) Park, which granted long-term leases on university land exclusively to high-technology firms. Soon Varian Associates, Inc. (now Varian Medical Systems, Inc.), Eastman Kodak Company , General Electric Company , Admiral Corporation, Lockheed Corporation (now Lockheed Martin Corporation ), Hewlett-Packard Company, and others turned Stanford Research Park into America’s premier high-technology | california |
Who starred alongside Polly James in the first series of The Liver Birds? | [DOC] [TLE] BBC - Comedy - The Liver BirdsBBC - Comedy - The Liver Birds [PAR] The Liver Birds [PAR] The Liver Birds [PAR] The Liver Birds began life as a Comedy Playhouse pilot. Created by friends Carla Lane and Myra Taylor (who'd met at a writers' workshop), the show - their first contribution to television - was very much based on their own lives in Liverpool. [PAR] With the BBC keen to develop the production into a series, the duo were assigned experienced writer Len Schwarz as a mentor during the early years, with Eric Idle on script-editing duties. [PAR] The first series followed the exploits of Dawn and Beryl sharing a flat on Liverpool's Huskisson Street. With women beginning to enjoy new freedoms at the start of the 1970s, the show followed the friends as they hit the dating scene, partied and generally tried to improve their lot in life. [PAR] After the first run, Pauline Collins left, to be replaced by Nerys Hughes as Sandra. It was here The Liver Birds' golden era dawned - the newcomer proving to be a refined foil to the outgoing Beryl. [PAR] More change followed at the end of series four. With Polly James now deciding to move on, Beryl was married off, and in came scatty Carol. She brought with her an extended family - the Boswells. [PAR] Clearly the inspiration for Lane's 1980s series Bread, this incarnation of the clan included rabbit-loving brother Lucien and God-fearing parents. [PAR] The series came to a conclusion 1979, but that wasn't the end of the story. [PAR] In 1996, The Liver Birds return for a seven-part, continuity-mangling reprise. Set 20 years on, the show's golden pairing of Sandra and Beryl were back together again, contemplating life after divorce. Lucien was now Beryl's sibling, while Carmel McSharry played her mother, Mrs Hennessy. [PAR] Cast[DOC] [TLE] Liver Birds, The - Nostalgia CentralLiver Birds, The [PAR] Liver Birds, The [PAR] 1 9 6 9 - 1 9 7 9 (UK) [PAR] 1 9 9 6 (UK) [PAR] 87 x 30 minute episodes [PAR] What's got four legs, walks peculiar? [PAR] Talks with all the choicest words? [PAR] What's got four arms, loves to grab ya? [PAR] Answer is two Liver birds [PAR] The Liver Birds - the key word rhymes with "saliva" - was the distaff answer to The Likely Lads charting the exploits of two oestrogen-charged dolly-birds with more loon pants than sense, sharing a flat on Huskisson Street, and hell bent on pulling all the "gear" guys on Merseyside. [PAR] The city was still, just, exuding a certain glamour from the boom period that followed the success of The Beatles and other pop groups earlier in the 1960s (indeed the series' theme song was sung by The Scaffold , a pop/poetry trio that included Paul McCartney 's brother, Mike). [PAR] The series' title originated in the name given to two sculpted birds perched atop the Royal Liver Building at the city's Pier Head. [PAR] Originally the two 'liver birds' were Dawn (Pauline Collins) and Beryl (Polly James), but after five episodes Dawn moved on (or, rather, moved out) and was replaced by Sandra (Nerys Hughes), a pairing that resulted in the series' most popular period. [PAR] At the end of the fourth series James left the cast (Beryl got married) and she was replaced by Carol (Elizabeth Estensen) who stayed throughout the remaining 1970s episodes. [PAR] Launched as a Comedy Playhouse pilot, The Liver Birds was the creation of first-time writers Carla Lane and Myra Taylor, Liverpool housewives who loosely based the characters and storylines upon their own experiences. [PAR] The BBC initially teamed them with veteran writer Lew Schwarz, whose mission was to explain sitcom-writing technique, and then employed Eric Idle as script editor, but from the third series the women were left alone; Taylor then departed soon after and Lane took sole charge of the writing. [PAR] The episodes concentrated on the relationship between the two lead players | pauline collins |
After appearing in 11 films together, including: The Long, Hot Summer (1958) Rally 'Round the Flag, Boys! (1958) From the Terrace (1960) Paris Blues (1961) A New Kind of Love (1963) What a Way to Go! (1964), the couple lived their private life together away from Hollywood's glare? | [DOC] [TLE] Rally Round the Flag, Boys!Rally Round the Flag, Boys! is a 1958 film adaptation of the novel of the same name by Max Shulman, directed by Leo McCarey, starring Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward, and released by 20th Century Fox. The title comes from a line in the song "Battle Cry of Freedom". [PAR] Plot summary [PAR] In the fictional town of Putnam's Landing, Harry Bannerman (Paul Newman) is slowly going insane because of his wife Grace (Joanne Woodward), who insists on attending every civic committee meeting. When the government selects their town for their new missile base, Grace joins a committee to stop it. [PAR] Harry is made the liaison for the military, and Grace's activities cause him no end of trouble. Added to the dilemma is Angela Hoffa (Joan Collins), whose efforts to get Harry for herself lead to dizzying recriminations and misunderstandings. [PAR] Cast [PAR] * Paul Newman as Harry Bannerman [PAR] * Joanne Woodward as Grace Bannerman [PAR] * Joan Collins as Angela Hoffa [PAR] * Murvyn Vye as Oscar Hoffa [PAR] * Jack Carson as Captain Hoxie [PAR] * Tuesday Weld as Comfort Goodpasture [PAR] * Dwayne Hickman as Grady Metcalf, Comfort's suitor [PAR] * Gale Gordon as General Thorwald [PAR] * Tom Gilson as Corporal Opie [PAR] * O.Z. Whitehead as Isaac Goodpasture, Comfort's Father [PAR] * Stanley Livingston as Peter Bannerman [PAR] * Percy Helton as Waldo Pike, the Plumber [PAR] * David Hedison as Narrator (voice only) [PAR] Production [PAR] Production on Rally Round the Flag, Boys! started in mid-June 1958 and ended in mid-August. The role of Captain Hoxie was originally going to be portrayed by Paul Douglas, but was taken over by Jack Carson after Douglas ended up being ill, according to a July 1958 The Hollywood Reporter news item. [PAR] The part of Angela was originally intended for blonde bombshell Jayne Mansfield, but after intense lobbying from Paul Newman and his wife Joanne Woodward, she was replaced with Joan Collins (who had co-starred with Mansfield in The Wayward Bus). [PAR] A March 1958 item noted that actor Mickey Shaughnessy was set for a featured role; however, he did not appear in the film. A Daily Variety news item reported that in March 1958, Buddy Adler was set to produce the movie, and was considering the film to star Frank Sinatra, Deborah Kerr and William Holden. [PAR] Release and reception [PAR] Rally Round the Flag, Boys! premiered in New York City theatres on December 23, 1958. It was released nationwide in February of 1959. [PAR] The film currently holds a 25% "Rotten" rating at RottenTomatoes.com. [PAR] Awards [PAR] Rally Round the Flag, Boys! was nominated for the Golden Laurel Awards held on September 23, 1959 and received 4th place for both Top Comedy Female Performance (Joanne Woodward) and Top Comedy. Director Leo McCarey was later nominated for the Directors Guild of America Award in 1960 for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures for Rally Round the Flag, Boys!.[DOC] [TLE] A New Kind of LoveA New Kind of Love is a 1963 American romantic comedy film directed by Melville Shavelson and starring Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward. Frank Sinatra sings "You Brought a New Kind of Love to Me" over the opening credits. [PAR] Plot [PAR] A womanizing American reporter assigned in Paris (Paul Newman) mistakes a cynical fashion copycat designer (Joanne Woodward) for a prostitute after she receives a makeover. He decides to interview her for a series of articles, then falls in love with her. The girl goes along with it, first out of revenge as he snubbed her during a past encounter, then out of feelings of her own. [PAR] Cast [PAR] *Paul Newman.....Steve Sherman [PAR] *Joanne Woodward.....Samantha (Sam) Blake / Mimi [PAR] *Thelma Ritter.....Leena [PAR] *Eva Gabor.....Felicienne Courbeau [PAR] *George Tobias.....Joseph Bergner [PAR] *Marvin Kaplan.....Harry Gorman [PAR] *Maurice Chevalier.....as Himself [PAR] *Robert Simon.....Bertram Chalmers [PAR] *Valerie Varda.....Mrs. Chalmers [PAR] *Joan Staley....Stewardess [PAR] *Robert Clary....Frenchman @ Restaurant [PAR] Awards and nominations [PAR] Academy Award [PAR] *1964: Nominated | paul newman and joanne woodward |
Bute House is the official residence of which politician? | [DOC] [TLE] Bute HouseBute House (Gaelic: Taigh Bhòid) is the official residence of the First Minister of Scotland. [PAR] Located at 6 Charlotte Square in the New Town, Edinburgh, it is the central house on the north side of the square, and was designed by Robert Adam. The four-storey house contains the Cabinet Room, offices and conference, reception, sitting and dining rooms where the First Minister works, and where Scottish Government ministers, official visitors and guests are received and entertained. The second and third floors contain the private residence of the First Minister. [PAR] Bute House was conveyed to the National Trust for Scotland by the Marquess of Bute in 1966. Between 1970 and 1999 it served as the official residence of the Secretary of State for Scotland. Since 1999 it has been the official residence of the First Minister. [PAR] History of the building [PAR] Early occupants [PAR] Charlotte Square was designed by Robert Adam. The Lord Provost and Edinburgh Town Council commissioned Adam to draw up plans for the Square in 1791 as the splendid culmination of Edinburgh’s first New Town. However, Adam died in 1792 and his completed designs had to be realized by others. The north side of the Square was built first and is faithful to his intentions. [PAR] The plot where Bute House now stands was sold in 1792 by public roup (auction) to Orlando Hart, a shoemaker, prominent member of the Town Council and deacon-convener of the trades in Edinburgh, for £290. In 1806, Sir John Sinclair, 1st Baronet bought the newly-completed house at 6 Charlotte Square for £2950. Sinclair was a Whig politician and a writer on finance and agriculture. He was also responsible for the compilation of the First Statistical Account of Scotland. Sir John Sinclair sold the house in 1816 to Lieutenant Colonel William Gabriel Davy. [PAR] In May 1818, the house was purchased from Davy by Henry Ritchie of Busbie. Ritchie was a Glasgow merchant, a partner in the Thistle Bank, and the owner of landed estates in Lanarkshire and Ayrshire. He sold his Charlotte Square townhouse to Charles Oman, a hotel keeper and vintner, in May 1825. Oman, a native of Caithness, had owned various hotels and coffee houses in Edinburgh over the decades, including the Waterloo Hotel on the city’s Waterloo Place up until his purchase of 6 Charlotte Square. Oman turned his new townhouse into Oman’s Hotel, which it was to remain for over 20 years. The fixings for the letters of the hotel’s name can still be seen today on the exterior wall above the front entrance door of Bute House. [PAR] Oman died in August 1826, but the hotel continued to operate under the ownership of his widow, Mrs Grace Oman (née Burns). The exiled Charles X of France stayed at the hotel for a brief time in 1832, during his second period of exile in Edinburgh. Following Mrs Oman’s death in 1845, 6 Charlotte Square was sold by her heirs to Alexander Campbell of Cammo, who lived in the house with his family until his death in 1887. Campbell commissioned David Rhind to make various alterations and additions to the house in 1867. The next owner of the house was Sir Mitchell Mitchell-Thomson, 1st Baronet, who was to make it his home for the next 30 years. A partner in his family’s timber business, and a director of the Bank of Scotland, he also served as the Lord Provost of Edinburgh from 1897 until 1900. In 1889, Mitchell-Thomson employed the architect Thomas Leadbetter to carry out further alterations to 6 Charlotte Square. [PAR] Bute family: 1922–1966 [PAR] John Crichton-Stuart, 4th Marquess of Bute, had a particular enthusiasm for the amenity value of the Scottish townscape, and from the early 1900s onwards he began to buy-up the central houses on the north side of Charlotte Square, with the intention of restoring Adam’s original design, which had been compromised by 19th-century intrusions, including dormer windows and alterations to the proportions of the first-floor windows. Lord Bute acquired the house at No. 5 first, in 1903, and thoroughly restored | first minister of scotland |
What are the official languages of the Kingdom of Morocco? | [DOC] [TLE] MoroccoMorocco (; '; '; ), officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. Geographically, Morocco is characterized by a rugged mountainous interior and large portions of desert. It is one of only three countries (with Spain and France) to have both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines. The Arabic name al-Mamlakah al-Maghribiyah (, meaning "The Western Kingdom") and Al-Maghrib (, meaning "The West") are commonly used as alternate names. [PAR] Morocco has a population of over 33.8 million and an area of . Its political capital is Rabat. [PAR] The largest city is Casablanca. Other major cities include Marrakesh, Tangier, Tetouan, Salé, Fes, Agadir, Meknes, Oujda, Kenitra, and Nador. A historically prominent regional power, Morocco has a history of independence not shared by its neighbours. Its distinct culture is a blend of Arab, indigenous Berber, Sub-Saharan African, and European influences. [PAR] Morocco claims the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara as its Southern Provinces. Morocco annexed the territory in 1975, leading to a guerrilla war with indigenous forces until a cease-fire in 1991. Peace processes have thus far failed to break the political deadlock. [PAR] Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive and legislative powers, especially over the military, foreign policy and religious affairs. Executive power is exercised by the government, while legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can issue decrees called dahirs which have the force of law. He can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the Prime Minister and the president of the Constitutional court. [PAR] Morocco's predominant religion is Islam, and the official languages are Arabic and Berber. Moroccan Arabic, referred to as Darija, and French are also widely spoken. Morocco is an influential member of the Arab League and a part of the Union for the Mediterranean. It has the sixth-largest economy in Africa. [PAR] Etymology [PAR] The full Arabic name ' () translates to "Kingdom of the West"; although "the West" in Arabic is '. For historical references, medieval Arab historians and geographers sometimes referred to Morocco as ' (, meaning "The Farthest West") to distinguish it from neighboring historical regions called ' (, meaning "The Middle West") and ' (, meaning "The Nearest West"). [PAR] The English name "Morocco" originates from the Spanish name "Marruecos". This, in turn, derived from "Marrakesh", the medieval Latin name for the former Almoravid dynasty and Almohad Caliphate capital from ancient Morocco. [PAR] "Marrakesh" (مراكش) remains the current name for Morocco in many south Asian languages such as Persian (Iran), Urdu (Pakistan), Punjabi (India) and Pashto (Afghanistan). Also in Egyptian and Middle Eastern Arabic literature the name for Morocco (as a distinct country/state) was "Marrakesh" (مراكش), until about the 2nd half of the 20th century. In Turkish, Morocco is still known as "Fas", a name derived from its ancient capital city Fes. [PAR] The word "Marrakesh" is made of the Berber word combination Mur N Akush meaning "Land of God". [PAR] History [PAR] Prehistory and antiquity [PAR] The area of present-day Morocco has been inhabited since Paleolithic times, sometime between 190,000 and 90,000 BC. During the Upper Paleolithic, the Maghreb was more fertile than it is today, resembling a savanna more than today's arid landscape. 22,000 years ago, the Aterian was succeeded by the Iberomaurusian culture, which shared similarities with Iberian cultures. Skeletal similarities have been suggested between the Iberomaurusian "Mechta-Afalou" burials and European Cro-Magnon remains. The Iberomaurusian was succeeded by the Beaker culture in Morocco. [PAR] Mitochondrial DNA (MtDNA) studies have discovered a close link between Berbers and the Saami of Scandinavia. This supports theories that the Franco | arabic and berber |
Which band recorded the soundtrack to the 1986 film, 'Highlander'? | [DOC] [TLE] A Chronicle of Magic - The Making of an Album - Part 2 ...A Chronicle of Magic - The Making of an Album - Part 2: Fan Feature by Patrick Lemieux [PAR] A Chronicle of Magic - The Making of an Album - Part 2: Fan Feature by Patrick Lemieux [PAR] A Chronicle of Magic – The Making of an Album (Part II) [PAR] By Patrick Lemieux [PAR] February, 1986. [PAR] When the Highlander tracks were completed, Queen had to decide how next to proceed. They were in the midst of a creative period and had a lot of material on tape from the film. The question was whether the album was to be a Highlander soundtrack or a straightforward Queen album. Brian would fall on the side of preferring a soundtrack approach. Roger, however, thought the idea of a soundtrack would put people off. The question may have gone unanswered by Queen for some time as they began worked on the Highlander tracks with the intent of creating finished songs. [PAR] It was at this point that Freddie famously began work re-tooling Roger Taylor’s song “A Kind Of Magic.” Freddie knew Roger would be away for a week in Los Angeles, so he set about adapting the song to what he felt would be a more commercial piece. When Roger returned, he liked what Freddie had done and the two finished off the remix in the lighter style. Not only that, an extended version of the remix was created for the future single. That this track was a contender for the follow-up single to “One Vision” would soon become a point of contention as the band worked on other Highlander tracks and the film itself neared its theatrical release. [PAR] “Princes Of The Universe,” completed from the elements composed for the film, was another contender for the single spot sought by “A Kind Of Magic.” The film’s release in the US was set for March 7th, however it would not land in the UK until August 29th, so Queen was left with a dilemma. “Princes Of The Universe” seems to have been the stronger contender, as it directly corresponded with the film. For its video, they had enlisted Highlander’s director, Russell Mulcahy, and the film’s star, Christopher Lambert, to help them recreate portions of the film in addition to including clips from it. This would be all well and good for the US market, which would see the film in March, but, as Freddie said in 1986, “…they’re not going to see the film here [in the UK] till about July [actually, it turned out to be late-August]. And they’re not going to know what it means.” [PAR] So, the only resolution was that two singles would go out simultaneously in different territories. The North American audience would get “Princes Of The Universe,” to tie in with the film, and the European market would get the more stand-alone remix of “A Kind Of Magic.” A video for “Magic” was prepared, as well. And again, Russell Mulcahy was brought onboard to direct it. Unlike the “Princes” video, this one would contain do direct visual tie to Highlander, allowing it to be viewed without having seen the movie. [PAR] Among the other pieces worked on during this period was Roger’s “A Dozen Red Roses For My Darling.” Taylor seems to have begun reworking the Highlander instrumental into a song at this point, “Don’t Lose Your Head,” evidenced by the somewhat mis-attributed title given to “Red Roses” on the 12” “A Kind Of Magic” Picture Disc single B-side as “Don’t Lose Your Head (Instrumental Version).” As both “Don’t Lose Your Head” and “A Dozen Red Roses” stem from the same instrumental material, it may be hair-splitting to worry about which developed first. We do know which was ultimately released first. [PAR] With the “Princes Of The Universe” and “A Kind Of Magic” singles sorted out, they were sent to be pressed and delivered to retailers | queen |
Where in England was Dame Judi Dench born? | [DOC] [TLE] Dame Judi Dench | British actress | Britannica.comJudi Dench | British actress | Britannica.com [PAR] British actress [PAR] Alternative Title: Dame Judith Olivia Dench [PAR] Judi Dench [PAR] Judi Dench, in full Dame Judith Olivia Dench (born December 9, 1934, York , North Yorkshire , England ), British actress known for her numerous and varied stage roles and for her work in television and in a variety of films. [PAR] Judi Dench and Colin Firth in Shakespeare in Love (1998). [PAR] Copyright © 1999 Miramax Films [PAR] Dench studied at the Central School of Speech Training and Dramatic Art in London . In 1957 she gave her first important critically acclaimed performance, as Ophelia in the Old Vic production of Hamlet. The following year she made her Broadway debut in Twelfth Night. Her performance as Lady Macbeth in the Royal Shakespeare Company ’s Macbeth (1977) earned her a Laurence Olivier Award from the Society of West End Theatre Managers (now the Society of London Theatre). It was her first of eight Olivier Awards; she also won for Juno and the Paycock (1980), Pack of Lies (1983), Antony and Cleopatra (1987), Absolute Hell (1996), A Little Night Music (1996), and The Winter’s Tale (2016), and in 2004 she received a special Olivier Award. [PAR] Judi Dench appearing in a National Theatre production of Anton Chekhov’s The … [PAR] Robbie Jack/Corbis [PAR] From the beginning of her career, Dench frequently acted on television, in adaptations of plays as well as in series. Among her notable credits were two romantic comedy series that aired on the BBC : A Fine Romance (1981–84), which she starred in with her husband, Michael Williams, whom she had married in 1971 and who died in 2001; and As Time Goes By (1992–2005). She later starred in the BBC miniseries Cranford (2007–09), based on works by Elizabeth Gaskell . [PAR] After making her big-screen debut in the crime drama The Third Secret (1964), Dench acted in such films as A Room with a View (1985) and A Handful of Dust (1988). She took the role of James Bond ’s boss, M, in GoldenEye (1995)—the first of several Bond movies in which she appeared—and subsequently played two British queens, the recently widowed Queen Victoria in Mrs. Brown (1997) and Queen Elizabeth I in the comedy Shakespeare in Love (1998). For her role as Elizabeth I, she won an Academy Award for best supporting actress, and, for that of Queen Victoria, she won an Academy Award nomination and the Golden Globe Award for best actress in a drama. Additional Oscar nominations for best actress came for her portrayals of British writer Iris Murdoch in Iris (2001), an eccentric theatre owner in Mrs. Henderson Presents (2005), and the lonely teacher Barbara Covett in Notes on a Scandal (2006). [PAR] Daniel Craig (left) as James Bond and Judi Dench as M in Casino Royale … [PAR] © 2006 Sony Pictures Entertainment. All rights reserved. [PAR] Britannica Stories [PAR] Scientists Ponder Menopause in Killer Whales [PAR] After appearing in the musical Nine (2009), Dench played Mrs. Fairfax in Jane Eyre (2011), an adaptation of the Charlotte Brontë novel. In Clint Eastwood ’s biopic J. Edgar (2011), she portrayed the mother of J. Edgar Hoover (played by Leonardo DiCaprio ), and, in the drama My Week with Marilyn (2011), she appeared as actress Sybil Thorndike . She was featured in The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel (2011) and its 2015 sequel, both of which concern the comic hijinks of a group of British retirees in India . Dench also starred alongside Steve Coogan in Philomena (2013), based on the true story of a woman’s search for a child she had given up for adoption in her youth. She earned another Oscar nomination for best actress for her work on that film . In 2015 Dench paired with Dustin Hoffman in a BBC adaptation of Roald Dahl ’s Esio Trot (1990). The following year she had a cameo in Tim Burton ’s Miss Peregrine’s Home for Peculiar Children.[DOC] [TLE] | york |
How was boxer Walker Smith better known? | [DOC] [TLE] Most Famous Boxers – List of Famous Boxers in HistoryMost Famous Boxers – List of Famous Boxers in History [PAR] Nationality: American [PAR] Known For: First African American to be the world heavyweight boxing champion. [PAR] Nicknamed the “Galveston Giant,” Jack Johnson was widely considered to be the most famous African American on the planet for more than a decade as he dominated the world of boxing. Notably, Johnson had his success during the time period when Jim Crow laws were still in effect. In fact, both of his parents had been slaves. Racism ran deep at that time and when Johnson became world heavyweight boxing champion, many whites were furious. [PAR] Nationality: American [PAR] Known For: Holding the world heavyweight boxing champion title 1919 through 1926 [PAR] Jack Dempsey was known as “The Manasa Mauler” and was celebrated for his offensive style and powerful blows. Of his 65 recorded wins in the ring, 51 were by knockout. Dempsey was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1990. His fights drew in large crowds, often setting attendance records. Additionally, The Associated Press named Dempsey as being the best boxer to fight during the span of 1900 to 1950. [PAR] Nationality: American [PAR] Known For: Being the world heavyweight champion for almost 12 years (longest in history). [PAR] Called the “Brown Bomber,” Joe Louis successfully defended his world heavyweight championship title 25 times. He was known as being a very generous and kind man – even donating his winnings twice to military rellief during World War II. In 1982 Louis was posthumously honored with the Congressional Gold Medal. He was later named a member of the International Boxing Hall of Fame. [PAR] Nationality: American [PAR] Known For: Often argued to be the greatest boxer of all time. [PAR] Originally named Walker Smith Jr., Sugar Ray Robinson got his name after using the Amateur Athletic Union card of a fellow boxer named Ray Robinson. After becoming pro in 1940, he won his first 40 bouts in a row. He had an astonishing record of 175 wins – 110 of which were knockouts – and only 19 losses. He even had a streak of 91 wins in a row that lasted for 8 years between 1943 and 1951. [PAR] Nationality: American [PAR] Known For: His legendary fights with Sugar Ray Robinson. [PAR] Jake Lamotta was the inspiration behind the movie “Raging Bull” that starred Robert De Niro. He was the first boxer to ever beat Sugar Ray Robinson. He was known for being able to take a beating and still continue fighting. He was only knocked out one time in his 100-plus fight career and only lost 9 times. [PAR] Nationality: American [PAR] Known For: Was undefeated for his entire professional career. [PAR] Rocky Marciano went 49 and 0, including 43 wins by knockout during his time spent as a professional boxer. He was not known to have an accurate punch; however, when he landed a blow it was usually devastating. Tragically, he died in a plane crash the day before his 46th birthday. Marciano was inducted into the International Boxing Hall of Fame in 1990. [PAR] Nationality: American [PAR] Known For: Learning how to box while in jail. [PAR] Charles L. “Sonny” Liston was a gifted boxer who lived a very troubled life. Liston was known to struggle with alcohol addiction, but his physical skills still allowed him to shine in the ring. He became the world heavyweight champion in 1962 after knocking out Floyd Patterson in the very first round. Nicknamed “The Big Bear,” Liston had a professional record of 50 – 4, with 39 knockouts. [PAR] Nationality: American [PAR] Known For: Being wrongfully convicted of murder and put in prison for almost two decades. [PAR] Ruben “The Hurricane” Carter was known for his incredibly fast punches, but even more well-known for his struggles to be freed from prison. He and a friend were wrongfully accused of a triple homocide in June of 1966. The ensuing investigation was not conducted professionally and many believe that Carter was framed. While in prison, Carter wrote a book about his innocence entitled “The 16th Round: From Number 1 Contender to Number 45472.” | sugar ray robinson |
Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip are both the great-great grandchildren of whom? | [DOC] [TLE] Prince Philip Biography (Royal Consort) - Fact MonsterPrince Philip Biography (Royal Consort) [PAR] Birthplace: Isle of Corfu, Greece [PAR] Best known as: The husband of Queen Elizabeth II [PAR] Prince Philip has been the official consort to Queen Elizabeth II since her ascension to throne in 1952. Born into the royal family of Greece, Philip Mountbatten made a name for himself in Great Britain as a fast-rising young officer in the Royal Navy during World War II. After the war he became engaged to Princess Elizabeth and they were married on 20 November 1947. (He was created Duke of Edinburgh and his official title, by the queen's decree, is The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.) Beyond his royal duties as the queen's companion, Prince Philip became known as a keen outdoorsman and conservationist; in 1961 he co-founded and became the first president of the World Wildlife Fund. An avid sportsman, he passed his love of polo on to his son Prince Charles . Over the years The Duke of Edinburgh also developed a reputation for blunt and impolitic public quips, such as his 1966 comment that "British women can't cook." He and Queen Elizabeth have four children: Charles (b. 1948), Anne (b. 1950), Andrew (b. 1960) and Edward (b. 1964); as the eldest, Prince Charles is heir to the throne. [PAR] Extra credit: [PAR] Prince Philip was the son of Prince Andrew of Greece; he later adopted the family name of Mountbatten from his mother’s side… Both Prince Philip and Queen Elizabeth are great-great-grandchildren of Queen Victoria ; Philip is descended from Victoria through his mother’s side of the family… Like Victoria’s husband Prince Albert , Philip has served as the Chancellor of Cambridge University… Prince Philip was played by James Cromwell in the 2006 movie The Queen; Helen Mirren played Elizabeth II. [PAR] Copyright © 1998-2017 by Who2?, LLC. All rights reserved. [PAR] Advertisement [PAR] Advertisement[DOC] [TLE] Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip: How Are They Related?How Are Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip Related? [PAR] Updated June 11, 2016. [PAR] Question: How are Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip related? [PAR] Are Prince Philip and Queen Elizabeth II cousins? How are they related? Besides being husband and wife, Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip share ancestry. Who are those latest common ancestors? [PAR] Answer: Elizabeth and Philip are both descended from Christian IX of Denmark and from Queen Victoria . [PAR] Philip was born Prince Philip of Greece and Denmark. He gave up the title of Prince when he became a British citizen and converted from Greek Orthodoxy to Anglicanism. His family name was Battenburg, which became Mountbatten. He was granted the title of Duke of Edinburgh and the style of His Royal Highness on his marriage, by his new father-in-law, George VI. [PAR] Philip to Queen Victoria [PAR] Philip's mother was Princess Alice of Battenburg who was born at Windsor Castle. She was congenitally deaf and in 1930 diagnosed with schizophrenia. Princess Alice's husband, mentioned below, was Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark. [PAR] continue reading below our video [PAR] Profile: Elizabeth II of Britain [PAR] Princess Alice's mother was Princess Victoria of Hesse and by Rhine, Philip's maternal grandmother. Princess Victoria was married to Prince Louis of Battenberg. [PAR] Princess Victoria of Hesse and by the Rhine was the daughter of Princess Alice of the United Kingdom , Philip's great grandmother. [PAR] Princess Alice's mother was Queen Victoria, Philip's great great grandmother. [PAR] Elizabeth to Queen Victoria [PAR] Elizabeth's father was George VI . [PAR] George VI's father was George V, Elizabeth's grandfather. [PAR] George V's father was Edward VII, Elizabeth's great grandfather. [PAR] Edward VII's mother was Queen Victoria, Elizabeth's great great grandmother. [PAR] Answer 1 [PAR] Thus Philip and Elizabeth are third cousins through this relationship, Philip descended from Victoria's daughter Alice and Elizabeth from Victoria's son Edward VII. [PAR] But wait -- there's more! [PAR] Elizabeth to Christian IX of Denmark [PAR] Elizabeth's father was George VI. [PAR] George VI | queen victoria |
Who was the architect of the Albert Memorial in Kensington gardens? | [DOC] [TLE] The Albert Memorial - Kensington Gardens - The Royal ParksThe Albert Memorial - Kensington Gardens - The Royal Parks [PAR] The Albert Memorial [PAR] The Albert Memorial [PAR] The Albert Memorial in Kensington Gardens is one of London's most ornate monuments. It commemorates the death of Prince Albert in 1861 of typhoid. [PAR] The Albert Memorial is located in Kensington Gardens on Albert Memorial Road opposite the Royal Albert Hall. [PAR] It is one of London's most ornate monuments, designed by George Gilbert Scott. [PAR] Unveiled in 1872, The Albert Memorial commemorates the death of Prince Albert, Queen Victoria's husband, who died of typhoid fever at the age of 42. [PAR] Influenced by the series of 13th Century Eleanor Crosses (Charing Cross perhaps being the most famous) and other statues in Edinburgh and Manchester, the Albert Memorial in Kensington Gardens is one of the grandest high-Victorian gothic extravaganzas anywhere. [PAR] Officially titled the Prince Consort National Memorial, it celebrates Victorian achievement and Prince Albert's passions and interests. [PAR] The memorial shows Prince Albert holding the catalogue of the Great Exhibition, held in Hyde Park in 1851, which he inspired and helped to organise. [PAR] Marble figures representing Europe, Asia, Africa and America stand at each corner of the memorial, and higher up are further figures representing manufacture, commerce, agriculture and engineering. Yet further up, near the top, are gilded bronze statues of the angels and virtues. [PAR] All around the base of the memorial the Parnassus frieze depicts celebrated painters, poets sculptors, musicians and architects, reflecting Albert's enthusiasm for the arts. There are 187 exquisitely carved figures in the frieze.[DOC] [TLE] Albert Memorial in London, England | ExpediaAlbert Memorial in London, England | Expedia [PAR] Albert Memorial in London, England | Expedia [PAR] Albert Memorial Albert Memorial, current page [PAR] Previous image, 15 total items. [PAR] Next image, 15 total items. [PAR] Albert Memorial [PAR] Richly adorned with artistic and historical references, this tribute to Prince Albert represents Gothic Revival architecture at its most ornate. [PAR] The Albert Memorial is located in Kensington Gardens in central London. One of London’s most ornate monuments, this towering Gothic Revival-style memorial was commissioned by Queen Victoria after her husband, Prince Albert, succumbed to typhoid in 1861. Today, the memorial serves not only as a tribute to a beloved husband, but a fascinating snapshot of the triumphs of the Victorian age and the incredible reach of the British Empire. [PAR] Sir George Gilbert Scott, one of Britain’s most prolific architects, designed the memorial, which took over 10 years to complete. It stands as both a homage to Albert’s interests and to the achievements of Victorian England. Walk around the memorial’s four-sided perimeter to admire the marble statues representing Britain’s once great empire. Animals and cultural references representing Europe, Asia, Africa and America stand at each corner of the memorial. [PAR] The Frieze of Parnassus surrounds the pavilion base. The frieze depicts 169 life-size sculptures of historically significant poets, painters, musicians, sculptors and architects, all grouped according to discipline. At each corner of the frieze, look for the allegorical sculpture groupings depicting the triumphs of agriculture, commerce, engineering, and manufacturing. Let your gaze rise skyward to the memorial’s spired canopy, filled with statues of angels and virtues. A bronze statue of Prince Albert sits beneath the spired pavilion, facing south. Follow his gaze across Kensington Road to the Royal Albert Hall, another tribute to the much-loved prince. [PAR] The public is not granted access beyond the memorial’s ornate fence, however, tours are offered on the first Sunday of the month between March and December. Step through the gates with an informative guide and examine the friezes and statues up close for around 50 minutes. Tour times and details are available on the Royal Parks website. [PAR] Albert Memorial is centrally located at the southern end of Kensington Gardens and is close to other major sites, such as Kensington Palace, the Diana Memorial Fountain and Harrods. Kensington Park has many amenities and is easily accessible by Tube or bus. Visit year-round from morning until dusk. [PAR] Explore More | george gilbert scott |
Which artist born in what is now Belgium (c. 1380-1441) painted the Ghent Altarpiece? | [DOC] [TLE] The Secret History of Art: Van Eyck "The Ghent Altarpiece"The Secret History of Art: Van Eyck "The Ghent Altarpiece" [PAR] Van Eyck "The Ghent Altarpiece" [PAR] The Ghent Altarpiece [PAR] (1432) [PAR] This monumental altarpiece, one of the most important works in the history of art, also has the dubious distinction of being the most frequently stolen artwork of all time. It is therefore the most desired and victimized painting in history. [PAR] Since its completion in 1432, this twelve-panel oil painting has disappeared, been looted in three different wars, burned, dismembered, copied, forged, smuggled, illegally sold, painted over, censored, attacked by iconoclasts, hidden away, hunted by Nazis and Napoleon, prized by The Louvre and a Prussian king, damaged by conservators, returned as war reparations, stored in castle vaults and secret salt mines, used as a diplomatic tool, nearly been blown up, ransomed, rescued by Austrian double-agents, and stolen a total of thirteen times. [PAR] Perhaps the single most influential painting in the history of art, it is certainly the most important object in the history of art theft. No other artwork has been subject to so many adventures and crimes, both attempted and successful. Though an inanimate object, the enormous altarpiece in all its intricacies and intrigues develops a personality of its own. Indeed, this disappearing masterpiece seems loathe to stand still for too long. [PAR] There is even a mystery around its creation. Everyone has heard of Jan van Eyck (1395-1441), but what about Hubert van Eyck? An inscription was discovered in the 19th century which reads that this artwork was begun by Hubert van Eyck and finished by Jan, the painter’s brother. But while evidence exists that a painter called Hubert van Eyck lived in Ghent at the time that the Ghent Altarpiece was painted, not a single authenticated painting by Hubert exists today. Some think that the inscription was a contemporary forgery, while others think that Hubert van Eyck is a lost genius. Art historians are still divided. [PAR] What makes this painting so important to the history of art? What, beyond its beauty, made it so desired as to have been the victim of so many crimes? [PAR] It is the first major work by the young genius, Jan van Eyck . While Jan did not invent oil painting, as has been popularly misconceived, he was the first to take full advantage of the capabilities of the new medium, which permitted infinitely greater detail than the previous painting method, tempera, which used opaque egg yolk to bind pigment, rather than translucent oil. After this painting, oil would become the universal preferred medium. Jan’s advances in oil were for painters what the first use of steel was for architects. [PAR] Art historians love to recite “firsts.” So while Jan was not the first oil painter, he was the first to paint: [PAR] · monumental works with an intricate level of detail usually reserved for portrait miniatures and illuminated manuscripts. [PAR] · observed naturalistic details, such as the effect of water seen through glass, the light reflecting in a horse’s eye, and botanically-identifiable plants. [PAR] · the un-idealized human nude, in the figures of Adam and Eve. [PAR] · individually detailed faces in a massive crowd scene with over one-hundred figures, taking the time to render vivid portrait-like expressions, if not actual portraits. [PAR] · articulated bodies beneath painted clothing, the people wearing the clothes rather than the clothes floating around the people. [PAR] · using disguised symbolism, imbuing realistically-realized and situated objects with a covert Christian symbolism. [PAR] The following other statements will clarify what may be said historically about Jan and Hubert: [PAR] · Hubert van Eyck was indeed a painter and brother to Jan. He was commissioned to paint the Ghent Altarpiece, but he died so soon after having received the commission that his presence is all but inarticulate. The painting as we see it is therefore wholly the work of Jan. [PAR] · Jan did | jan van eyck |
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