"""Documentation page for Streamlit app.""" import streamlit as st from src.config_parameters import params from src.utils import ( add_about, set_doc_page_style, toggle_menu_button, ) # Page configuration st.set_page_config(layout="wide", page_title=params["browser_title"]) # If app is deployed hide menu button toggle_menu_button() # Create sidebar add_about() # Set page style set_doc_page_style() # Page title st.markdown("# Documentation") # First section st.markdown("## Methodology") st.markdown( "TODO: new documentation, only kept in Sentinel 1 section unchanged from the Mapaction tool" ) # Second section st.markdown("## Radar imagery for flood detection") st.markdown( """ While there are multiple change detections techniques for radar imagery, the one used by Sentinel-1 is one of the simplest. Active radar satellites produce active radiation directed at the land, and images are formed as a function of the time it takes for that radiation to reach back to the satellite. Because of this, radar systems are side-looking (otherwise radiation from multiple areas would reach back at the same time). To be detected and imaged, radiation needs to be scattered back, but not all surfaces are equally able to scatter back, and that ability is also influenced by the radiation's wavelength (shorter wavelengths are better at detecting smaller objects, while longer wavelengths allow penetration, which is good for forest canopies for example, and biomass studies). Sentinel-1 satellites are C-band (~ 6 cm).

Water is characterised by a mirror-like reflection mechanism, meaning that no or very little radiation is scattered back to the satellite, so pixels on the image will appear very dark. This very simple change detection takes a "before" image, and looks for drops in intensity, dark spots, in the "after" image.

Sentinel-1 data is the result of measurements from a constellation of two satellites, assing over the same areas following the same orbit on average every 6 days. On Google Earth Engine, the processing level is Ground Range Detected (GRD), meaning that it has been detected, multi-looked and projected to ground range using an Earth ellipsoid model. GRD products report on intensity of radiation, but have lost the phase and amplitude information which is needed for other applications (interferometry for example). These satellites emits in different polarizations, and can acquire both single horizonal or vertical, or dual polarizations. Flood water is best detected by using VH (vertical transmit and horizontal receive), although VV (vertical transmit and vertical receive) can be effective to identify partially submerged features. This tool uses VH polarization. Figure 2 shows an overview of the Sentinel-1 observation plan, where pass directions and coverage frequencies are highlighted. """, unsafe_allow_html=True, ) # Add image satellite overview st.image( "%s" % params["url_sentinel_img"], width=1000, ) st.markdown( """

Figure 2. Overview of the Sentinel-1 observation plan (source).

""" % (params["docs_caption_fontsize"], params["url_sentinel_img_location"]), unsafe_allow_html=True, )