diff --git "a/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/tmp_files/load_file.txt" "b/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/tmp_files/load_file.txt" new file mode 100644--- /dev/null +++ "b/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/tmp_files/load_file.txt" @@ -0,0 +1,1643 @@ +filepath=/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf,len=1642 +page_content='Draft version January 16, 2023 Typeset using LATEX twocolumn style in AASTeX631 HST Low Resolution Stellar Library Tathagata Pal ,1 Islam Khan ,1, 2 Guy Worthey ,1 Michael D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Gregg ,3 and David R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Silva 4 1Washington State University 1245 Webster Hall Pullman, WA 99163, USA 2Haverford College 370 Lancaster Ave Haverford, PA 19041, USA 3University of California, Davis 517 Physics Building Davis, CA 95616, USA 4The University of Texas at San Antonio College of Sciences, Dean’s Office, Suite 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='205 One UTSA Circle San Antonio, TX 78249 ABSTRACT Hubble Space Telescope’s (HST) Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) targeted 556 stars in a long-running program called Next Generation Spectral Library (NGSL) via proposals GO9088, GO9786, GO10222, and GO13776.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Exposures through three low resolution gratings provide wavelength coverage from 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2 < λ < 1 µm at λ/∆λ ∼ 1000, providing unique coverage in the ultraviolet (UV).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The UV grating (G230LB) scatters red light and this results in unwanted flux that becomes especially troubling for cool stars.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We applied scattered light corrections based on Worthey et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2022a) and flux corrections arising from pointing errors relative to the center of the 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='′′2 slit.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We present 514 fully reduced spectra, fluxed, dereddened, and cross-correlated to zero velocity.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Because of the broad spectral range, we can simultaneously study Hα and Mg II λ2800, indicators of chromospheric activity.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Their behaviors are decoupled.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Besides three cool dwarfs and one giant with mild flares in Hα, only Be stars show strong Hα emission.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Mg2800 emission, however, strongly anti-correlates with temperature such that warm stars show absorption and stars cooler than 5000K universally show chromospheric emission regardless of dwarf/giant status or metallicity.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Transformed to Mg2800 flux emerging from the stellar surface, we find a correlation with temperature with approximately symmetric astrophysical scatter, in contrast to other workers who find a basal level with asymmetric scatter to strong values.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Unsurprisingly, we confirm that Mg2800 activity is variable.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Keywords: Galaxy: stellar content — stars: abundances — stars: chromospheres — stars: flare — stars: fundamental parameters — ultraviolet: stars 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' INTRODUCTION Stellar libraries are important tools used in far-flung corners of astronomy and astrophysics.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' They contain stellar spectra of a number of pre-selected stars in dif- ferent wavelength regimes (UV, visible, NIR), a variety of spectral resolutions, and with varied attention to flux calibration.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Examples include a library of stellar spec- tra by Jacoby et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (1984), XSHOOTER (Verro et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2022a), MILES (S´anchez-Bl´azquez et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2006), Indo- US (Valdes et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2004), IRTF (Cesetti et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2013), ELODIE (Soubiran et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1998;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Prugniel et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2007), Lick (Worthey et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1994, 2014), and UVES-POP (Bag- nulo et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2003) libraries.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Such libraries are often incor- porated into stellar population synthesis models.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For example, the MILES library (S´anchez-Bl´azquez et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2006) was used to compute simple stellar population (SSP) SEDs in the optical wavelength range with com- prehensive metallicity coverage (Vazdekis et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2010;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Falc´on-Barroso et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2011).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' There are many other ex- amples, such as Bruzual & Charlot (2003);' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Verro et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2022b);' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Le Borgne et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2004);' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Vazdekis et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2012);' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Worthey et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2022b).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' On a star by star basis, libraries arXiv:2301.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='05335v1 [astro-ph.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='SR] 13 Jan 2023 ID2 Pal et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' can be used to infer stellar parameters like Teff, log g, and [Fe/H] (e.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='g.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Wu et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2011).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Stellar libraries also find application in study of stellar clusters (Alloin 1996;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Deng & Xin 2010).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' One notable example is the BaSeL 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1 stellar SED library (Lejeune et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1997, 1998;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' West- era & Buser 2003).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This library is suitable for study of clusters at low metallicities, and has been exploited for the study of globular clusters (Bruzual A et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1997;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Weiss & Salaris 1999;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Kurth et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1999), open clus- ters (Pols et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1998;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Lastennet et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1999), and blue stragglers (Deng et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1999).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' When well flux-calibrated, stellar libraries are also very important for characteriza- tion and performance evaluation of observational mis- sions like Gaia (Sudzius & Vansevicius 2002;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Lastennet et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2002).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Several stellar libraries are built into the ex- posure time calculators for HST and JWST.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' They even find use in educational products such as the University of Gettysburg’s CLEA and VIREO or New Mexico State University’s GEAS laboratory software packages to il- lustrate the trends among stellar spectra.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Spectral resolution and wavelength coverage vary among the various existing libraries (c.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='f.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Table 1 of Verro et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2022a), but none of them extend shortward of 300 nm into the ultraviolet (UV) regime except those of Wu et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (1983) and Fanelli et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (1990), who present 172 and 218 stellar spectra, respectively, observed by the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' An important motivation for the present HST-based library is to re- lieve the relative scarcity of spectral data in the UV.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Study of integrated spectra in the UV allows us access to the hottest stars, which are main sequence turnoff stars with some blue straggler (BS) contribution.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For older stellar populations, UV bright populations include blue horizontal branch (BHB) and post-asymptotic gi- ant branch (PAGB) stars (Koleva & Vazdekis 2012).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' An important goal is to isolate the various main se- quences to chart the star formation history (SFH) of the galaxy (Vazdekis et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2016).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The dlog age/dlog Z = −3/2 age/metallicity degeneracy (Worthey 1994) be- comes more like ≈ −1/1 in the UV.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' In UV, we have an abundance of strong absorption features that help constrain SFH, metallicity, and abundance ratios better (Serven et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2010;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Toloba et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2009;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Ponder et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1998;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Chavez et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2007).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Needless to say, if we want to extend the limit on redshift (z) for stellar population studies, the UV regime is of utmost importance (Pettini et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2000;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Daddi et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2005;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' van Dokkum & Brammer 2010).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Wu et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (1983) and Fanelli et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (1992) gave the first large, systematic spectral library in UV using data from IUE.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The library contained spectra of around 218 stars with a spectral resolution of 7˚A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Hubble Space Telescope’s (HST’s) Space Telescope Imaging Spectro- graph (STIS) improves upon IUE in both flux calibra- tion and spectral resolution.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Forty O, PAGB, and He- burning stars were observed with STIS to make a hot star spectral library (Khan & Worthey 2018a).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Made by stitching together spectra from three different grat- ings, these spectra have wavelength coverage from ∼ 2000˚A to ∼ 10000˚A with a resolution of R ≈ λ/∆λ ∼ 1000.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The hot star library was modeled after an ear- lier effort called the Next Generation Spectral Library (NGSL, Gregg et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2006)) which has not so far been completely described in the literature.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The NGSL cov- ers a wide range of stellar parameters, including metal- licity (Heap & Lindler 2010;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Koleva & Vazdekis 2012;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Vazdekis et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2016).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The original proposal was to ob- tain spectra of close to 600 stars via “snapshot” style programs (GO9088, GO9786, GO10222, and GO13776) in which single orbits left stranded between larger pro- grams are exploited for short observations.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Spectra of more than half of the stars that were observed (around 374 stars corresponding to proposals GO9088, GO9786, and GO10222) were reduced and made publicly avail- able by Heap & Lindler (2009).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The main intent of this paper is to provide a reduction of the full library to the community.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The spectral quality is improved by apply- ing additional corrections such as scattered light, slit off-center, and dust corrections.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We also investigate the Mg II λ2800 feature, which is a pair of resonance lines designated by h and k.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Boehm-Vitense (1981) used high-resolution IUE spec- tra on F stars to chart four origins for Mg2800 pro- file morphology: the main, broad stellar absorption fea- ture, a narrower chromospheric emission core, a rare, even narrower self-absorption, and interstellar absorp- tion.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Fanelli et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (1990) also noted that, when in emis- sion, it probably indicates a chromospheric origin.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Lin- sky & Ayres (1978) argue that most of the Ca II emission (λλ3933, 3968) arises in the lower chromosphere, Mg II in the middle chromosphere, and Lyα in the upper chro- mosphere, and that, together, these resonance features provide the bulk of the radiative cooling that occurs in the layers exterior to the photosphere.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The dynamo action brought about by differential stel- lar rotation is one of the most commonly accepted mech- anisms for magnetic field generations in main sequence stars (Hartmann & Noyes 1987;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Fr¨ohlich et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2012;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Quentin & Tout 2018).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Chromospheric activity is gen- erally associated with strong magnetic fields (Musielak & Bielicz 1982;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Brown et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2022).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Since stellar ro- tation is expected to slow down over the lifetime of a star, activity can be presumed to decrease (Barry 1988).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This leads to the possibility that chromospheric activity HST Low Resolution Stellar Library 3 indicators (CaII, MgII, or Hα) may provide relatively precise chronometric information, at least in predefined spectral type bands (Barry 1988).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Although, in gen- eral ages would be poorly constrained (Pace 2013).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' In addition, acoustic shocks without a magnetohydrody- namic component may also contribute to the chromo- spheric activity (Buchholz et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1998;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Mart´ınez et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2011;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' P´erez Mart´ınez et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2014).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Connections between Mg2800 strengths and the astro- physics of stellar properties are still tenuous, but could eventually lead to realistic chromosphere models as a function of stellar type and magnetic field strength.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' In the meantime, we have various empirical clues.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Houde- bine & Stempels (1997) finds that, at spectral type M1, metal-deficient stars are also activity-deficient.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Smith et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (1991) compares Mg2800 with the Ca II S index (Vaughan & Preston 1980) which measures the width of the emission rather than its strength.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' They also find that the available sample of 20 FGK stars can be sep- arated into “high activity” and “low activity” groups at an approximately 4:16 ratio, but that Mg2800 dis- plays a large range of values even amongst the low ac- tivity group (Mart´ınez et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2011;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' P´erez Mart´ınez et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2014).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Interstellar absorption usually dominates in OB stars (Khan & Worthey 2018b).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Due to its wide cover- age of parameter spaces, the present library can confirm or extend these trends.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This paper is organized as follows.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We describe the observations and sample in §2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The data reduction pro- cess is detailed in §3, and additional corrections that affect the continuum shape in §4.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The format of the data catalog is described in §5.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' In §6, we investigate the Mg II 2800 feature and chart the systematics of chromo- spheric activity across the H-R diagram.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We conclude in §7 with a summary of the results and a discussion of their implications.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' OBSERVATIONS AND SAMPLE The stars in the library were selected to cover Teff- L-Z space insofar as the Galaxy could provide them.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For example, given that the metal-poor components of the Milky Way are also ancient in age, no luminous, low-metallicity stars exist.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The parameter coverage is shown in Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1 in log g-log Teff space with metallicity in- dicated by symbol type.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2 on the other hand shows the distribution of all the stars in different metallicity bins.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The impact of including stars from GO13776 sig- nificantly improves coverage of Teff-L-Z space, as shown in Figs.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1 and 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Several A-type field horizontal branch stars were observed to attempt to fill in the warm-and- metal-poor gap.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Desirable faint stars, such as individual Small Magellanic Cloud stars, could not be observed due to the one-orbit limit on exposure time.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The target list is hand-selected, and should not be used for any statistical inferences.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' In addition, HST’s SNAP mode selects from a larger input list according to schedulability, leading to further randomization.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Figure 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' NGSL stars are plotted in log Teff, log g space.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The previously published stars from proposals GO9088, GO9786, and GO10222 (Koleva & Vazdekis 2012, pluses) and the GO13776 stars (circles) are split by metallicity, metal poor (MP): [Fe/H] ≤ −1 (red) or metal rich (MR): [Fe/H] > −1 (blue).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' An approximate Eddington stability line and spectral type boundaries are included in the plot as visual guides.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Figure 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The [Fe/H] distribution of all reduced targets in a stacked histogram.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Blue corresponds to 345 targets from Koleva & Vazdekis (2012) and red corresponds to 169 targets from HST proposal GO13776.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' During the orbit in which they were targeted, the NGSL stars were observed by cycling through three dif- ferent gratings.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' G230LB sees in UV (central wavelength of 2375˚A), G430L sees in blue (central wavelength of 4300˚A) and G750L sees in red (central wavelength of 0 B A G K M 2 Eddington 3 6 4 5 十 Koleva&Vazdekis2012,MP 十 Koleva&Vazdekis2012.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='MR 6 GO13776,MP GO13776.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='MR 4.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='6 4.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='4 4.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2 4.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='8 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='6 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='4 log Teff120 Koleva &Vazdekis,2012 GO 13776 100 Frequency 80 60 40 20 0 3 15 5 3 5 2 Metallicity ([Fe/H)4 Pal et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Figure 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' CCD images of HD102212 using (a) G230LB, (b) G430L, and (c) G750L.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Due to longer exposure time in the UV, the topmost panel shows the presence of cosmic ray events whereas the bottom two do not have any significant ion contamination.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' It is worth noting for this cool star that what appears to be a stellar trace in the UV shortward of 2500˚A is actually light scattered from the visible portion of the spectrum into the UV by grating G230LB.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 7751˚A).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The three gratings overlap at 2990˚A-3060˚A and 5500˚A-5650˚A(Gregg et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2006).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The CCD detector was employed for these observations.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' UV exposure times were longer than exposures in the blue or red.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='′′2 slit, equivalent to ±2 pixels (Hernandez & et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2012;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Prichard et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2022) was used for all the observations and a fringe flat was taken for the G750L grating at the end of each sequence of exposures.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' In addition to the usual observational defects (cos- mic ray hits, charge transfer efficiency effects, bad pix- els, and photon noise) these data suffer from two addi- tional sources of error that affect fluxing.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Firstly, the G230LB grating scatters red light into the UV, creat- ing a spurious signal that must be corrected (Lindler & Heap 2010;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Worthey et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2022a).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Secondly, scatter in telescope pointing plus a narrow slit led to situations in which the jaws of the slit sliced off portions of the PSF.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Because STIS is an off-axis instrument, the PSF is not symmetrical, so the resultant attenuation is wavelength- dependent.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Fortunately, both of these effects can be modeled, and we give details in §4.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Of minor note, STIS spectral flux calibrations have improved since the previous version of the NGSL library was placed at MAST.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' REDUCTION AND QUALITY CONTROL All 556 targets from proposals GO9088, GO9786, GO10222, and GO13776 were reduced from raw obser- vation files.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Out of these 556 targets, 514 have been re- duced completely and additional corrections have been applied.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The remaining 42 targets have not been re- duced either because of faulty fringe-flat files or because of the absence of one of the observations in UV, blue, or red.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The raw files for all the observations (which in- clude observations in UV, blue, and red as well as CCD flats) were downloaded from the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) archive.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The reduction process is car- ried on using the stistools Python3 package developed by STScI.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The reduction procedure consisted of several steps starting from cosmic rays correction to combining dis- parate spectral windows into one continuous spectrum for each star.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Cosmic Ray Correction Cosmic ray corrections are more crucial for observa- tions using G230LB grating that was used for longer- duration UV observations.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This is illustrated in Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 3 where cosmic rays are common in the G230LB expo- sure.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Accordingly, all multiple UV observations were run through the ocrreject function of stistools.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This function combined two sets of science observations in UV into a single file.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' In order to run ocrreject, we needed to have at least two observations at each pointing.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Un- fortunately, the UV raw files from proposals GO10222 and GO13776 did not have multiple UV exposures.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For these, bad pixels were removed manually from the spec- tra.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Defringing in the Red Fringes are interference patterns caused by photons with wavelengths that are integral multiples of the width of the CCD layer.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' In STIS, fringe patterns are promi- nent redward of ∼7000˚A and reach peak-to-peak ampli- tude of 25% at 9800˚A (Kimble et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1998;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Malumuth et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2003).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The G750L grating produces unwanted fringe patterns.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Once per orbit, a fringe flat was ob- tained using the tungsten lamp on board HST.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The defringing process was carried out using the defringe tool of stistools (for details, see https://stistools.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='readthedocs.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='io/en/latest/).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The fol- lowing three methods were used in sequence for all the NGSL observations.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' normspflat: this method normalizes the fringe-flat that is associated with each observation 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' mkfringeflat: this method cross correlates the nor- malized fringe-flat with that of the observed spec- trum to match the fringes between the two.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' It minimizes the RMS within a given range of shift and scale values to find the best shift and scale 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' defringe: this method actually defringes the ob- served spectrum by removing the fringing pattern (a) 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0005 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0001 1635 1842 2049 2256 2463 2670 2877 3084 (b) 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0005 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0001 2827 3243 3659 4075 4491 4907 5323 5739 (c) 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0005 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0001 5122 5861 6600 7339 8078 8817 9556 10295 Wavelength (A)HST Low Resolution Stellar Library 5 from the observed spectrum using the shifted and scaled fringe-flat Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 4 shows the red spectrum of HD102212 before and after defringing.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Figure 4.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Extracted, fluxed CCD/G750L spectrum of HD102212.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The spectrum before defringing (black) is com- pared to the same spectrum after (red).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' While defringing the red spectra it was observed that no proper fringe-flat is available for 27 targets.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We dropped these stars from further analysis and thus re- duced the total number of targets from 556 to 529.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' While trying to defringe red spectra from GO13776.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' al- though some of the targets from GO13776 have 2 or 3 red spectra, only one of them defringed properly.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Investiga- tion yielded an observing irregularity.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For run GO13776, the G750L (red third of the spectrum) target exposures were preceded by a fringe flat through the 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='3 × 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='09 notch aperture, which is placed near row 512 of the chip (the UV and blue spectra were taken at the E1 pseu- doaperture around row 900 of the CCD).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The telescope was slewed to place the target star at row 512 of the chip rather than 900, and one exposure taken through the nominal 52×0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2 aperture.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Due to an oversight, posi- tional dithering occurred.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The telescope was slewed 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='′′5, and an exposure was taken through the 52×0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2 aperture followed by an exposure through the 52 × 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 aperture.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This last exposure eliminates edge effects and provides the best fluxing, but it cannot be fringe-corrected us- ing the data collected on-orbit.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Therefore, only one red spectrum (for each target) was used for run GO13776.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For three targets from GO13776 (HD 65589, HD 84035, and HD 185264), none of the red observations could be satisfactorily defringed.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' These stars were also dropped from further analysis which reduced the total number of stars from 529 to 526.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Also unique to proposal GO13776, the last pair of red observations were often a pair obtained through 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='′′2 and 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='′′5 apertures.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Although these could not be defringed due to the shift along the aperture center line, they could be used to create a relative flux correction, should the star have been placed off the central line of the entrance aperture.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A smoothed division of these two spectra was applied to the first, defringed observation in all cases where the complete set of observations exists.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1-D Extraction The final step in the reduction process was to extract the 1-D spectrum for each target and each observation in UV, blue, and red using the x1d function of stistools.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This resulted in a separate file for each UV, blue, or red observation for each target.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Twelve of the remaining 526 targets did not have one of either UV or blue or red observations.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' These stars were dropped.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This reduced the total number of available stars to 514.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 278 targets have 2 observations each of UV, blue, and red.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 189 targets have 2 observations each of UV and blue, and 1 of red.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The remaining 47 targets have varied numbers of observations for UV, blue and red (at least 1 of each).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='4.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Bad Pixel Handling As mentioned in Sec.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1, a cosmic ray rejection al- gorithm was not applied to blue and red observations.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Even after applying cosmic ray rejection to the UV ob- servations, the UV spectra had leftover wild pixels of unusually high and non-astrophysical flux (or counts).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' In order to mitigate this problem, each observation for each target was checked manually for bad pixels and those pixel locations were flagged.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This step generated a single text file for each target containing information on the number of bad pixels for each observation and values for those pixels.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 5 shows an example of pres- ence of bad pixels in the spectrum.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We tried our best to remove as many bad pixels as possible from each spectrum, but there are some stars for which many bad pixels could not be removed cleanly.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Special Flux Scalings After fluxing, some spectra appeared to have been scaled in comparison with their neighbors.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For exam- ple, suppose a star has been exposed twice in the UV, twice in the blue, and twice in the red.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Now and then, one of those six exposures appears slightly too strong or too weak compared with either the spectral overlap region or with its supposedly identical sister spectrum.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A scaling was applied to these deviant cases, as listed in Table 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The dataset labels relate closely to the ones assigned by STScI, but we prepended a short string to indicate if the spectrum was UV (uv ), blue (b ), or red (r ).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1e-10 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='6 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='4 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='8 Flux ( 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='6 Fringed Spectrum 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='4 Defringed Spectrum 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 Wavelength (A)6 Pal et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Figure 5.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Individual spectra for NGSL star HD190360 in the UV (blue and orange) illustrate the presence of bad pix- els.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' After marking, the bad pixels were removed by the algo- rithm described in §3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='7.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The cleaned spectrum is also plotted (black).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We elevated the errors for the corrected portions of the spectrum.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' In addition to sporadic scaling issues, observations for HD 1638 may have missed the target altogether, as all spectral segments contain mostly noise.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='6.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Relative Velocities and Template Matching The NGSL stars were chosen to encompass a broad interval of [Fe/H], log g, and Teff (Gregg et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2004).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Galactic halo stars are mostly metal poor but can pos- sess high relative velocity with respect to the local rest frame (Du et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2018).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Thus, some of the stars in NGSL have relative velocities > 250 km s−1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This fact called for a relative velocity correction before bringing all the spectra to rest frame.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' To be consistent, we applied the relative velocity correction to all 514 stars even when the effects would be negligible.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The nonrelativistic formula was used to correct for the relative velocity: dλ = v c × λ , (1) where dλ is correction to the wavelength λ, v is the relative velocity of the star in km s−1 and c is the speed of light in km s−1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' dλ was added or subtracted from corresponding λ values depending on the sign of v.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The values of v were obtained from the SIMBAD astronom- ical database (Wenger et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2000).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' After correcting for the relative velocities, residual shifts to rest frame (vacuum wavelengths) were esti- mated by comparing with template spectra.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The choice of template spectrum was made based on the effective temperature of the particular star.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The high resolution templates were rebinned to match the observed wave- Table 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Special Scalings Target Deviant Clean Scale Dataset Dataset Factor HD 224801 b o93a6qk2q flt b o93a6qk3q flt 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0506 BD+17 4708 r o6h03vawq drj r o6h03vavq drj 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0669 HD 3712 r o6h04kf0q drj r o6h04kezq drj 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2163 HD 137759 r o6h04bm3q drj r o6h04bm2q drj 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1468 HD 124547 r o6h038xkq drj r o6h038xjq drj 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0556 HD 172506 r o6h06jp4q drj r o6h06jp3q drj 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0639 HD 4128 r o6h04ynyq drj r o6h04ynxq drj 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0718 HD 146233 r o6h05wb0q drj r o6h05wazq drj 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0512 HD 81797 b o6h03rocq flt b o6h03robq flt 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1058 HD 30614 uv o8ru4c020 crj uv o8ru4c010 crj 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9720 HR 753 b o6h03ntyq flt b o6h03ntzq flt 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1994 HD 136442 b ocr7nwr6q flt b ocr7nwrcq flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9319 HD 58343 uv o8ru4s010 crj uv o8ru4s020 crj 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9668 HD 217014 b ocr7pxp7q flt b ocr7pxp6q flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9346 HD 144608 r ocr7feacq drj b ocr7fea7q flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9048 HD 183324 b o8ruclpqq flt b o8ruclprq flt 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0501 BD+37 1458 b o6h04ti6q flt b o6h04ti7q flt 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0302 HD 52089 uv o8ru46020 crj uv o8ru46010 crj 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9725 BD+29 366 r ocr7aif7q drj b ocr7aif6q flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='947 BD+25 1981 r ocr7agwlq drj b ocr7agwkq flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9249 HD 9826 r ocr7kchgq drj b ocr7kcheq flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9354 HD 19994 r ocr7klq6q drj b ocr7klq4q flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='852 HD 21019 r ocr7koizq drj b ocr7koiyq flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='7542 HD 21770 r ocr7kpsuq drj b ocr7kpssq flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='8409 HD 25457 r ocr7ksc9q drj b ocr7ksc8q flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='7998 HD 31128 r ocr7hxziq drj b ocr7hxzgq flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9685 HD 34411 r ocr7kxklq drj b ocr7kxkkq flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9246 HD 44420 r ocr7lgwsq drj b ocr7lgwrq flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9174 HD 48737 r ocr7liuiq drj b ocr7liuhq flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9549 HD 52265 r ocr7lln2q drj b ocr7lln1q flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9594 HD 57118 r ocr7cqqaq drj b ocr7cqq9q flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9343 HD 67523 r ocr7ien9q drj b ocr7ien8q flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='8912 HD 71369 r ocr7lrsqq drj b ocr7lrspq flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9432 HD 82328 r ocr7lyh7q drj b ocr7lyh6q flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9042 HD 121370 r ocr7erjeq drj b ocr7erjdq flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9313 HD 134169 r ocr7ezp9q drj b ocr7ezp8q flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9649 HD 160365 r ocr7odh7q drj b ocr7odh6q flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9293 HD 161797 r ocr7oeobq drj b ocr7oeoaq flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9371 HD 188510 r ocr7gff0q drj b ocr7gfexq flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9354 HD 190390 r ocr7ghheq drj b ocr7ghhdq flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='939 HD 192718 r ocr7gkaeq drj b ocr7gkadq flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9066 HD 217014 r ocr7pxp8q drj b ocr7pxp7q flt 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='8636 Note—Additionally, for BD+17 2844 we averaged the red spectra, and for HD 183324 we scaled up both the UV spectra by a factor of 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='093 to match the blue spectra length points, then cross-correlated.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The following tem- plates were adopted.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Synthetic spectra were used for cool stars (Teff < 5000 K) and warm stars (5000 K < Teff < 8000 K) 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The observed spectrum of α Lyrae was used for hot stars (Teff > 8000 K) 1e-12 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='4 UV (Obs.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1) Bad pixel UV (Obs.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2) 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2 Bad Pixel Removed Spectrum A1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 2 cm 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='8 Bad pixel Flux Bad pixel 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='4 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 2200 Wavelength(A)HST Low Resolution Stellar Library 7 Figure 6.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A part of spectrum for HD115383 (blue) showing shift of the spectrum with respect to the template (red) The cross correlation function (in ˚A) was fitted with a single peak Gaussian function.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 6 shows a part of the spectrum for HD 102212 and illustrates the amount of shift present in the observed spectrum with respect to the template.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Correlation value as a function of shift is shown in Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 7 (for the same star HD 102212).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The same template was used for all the observations of a par- ticular target.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' To speed convergence, we added initial shifts of 3˚A, 9˚A and 14˚A to UV, blue and red obser- vations, respectively.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This “pre-shift” evidently arises because wavelength calibrations were not performed on- orbit for NGSL, and so a default wavelength solution was assigned.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Figure 7.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Typical cross correlation value as a function of pixel shift in ˚A, in this case for the red spectrum of G0 V star HD 115383.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='7.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The Composite Spectrum To assemble a single contiguous spectrum, we com- bined bad pixel information and shift information from template matching to splice all the observations for a particular target into one final spectrum.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The shift ob- tained for each observation was added algebraically to the wavelength values.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' While applying the bad pixel information, we devised a method for suppressing the bad pixels.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We first divided the range of each obser- vation into 50 overlapping boxes of 40 pixels each.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For each box, we found out the average flux weighted by the variance (fbox) using the following formula– fbox = f1v1 + f2v2 + .' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='..' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' + f40v40 v1 + v1 + .' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='..' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' + v40 , (2) where fn is the flux at nth wavelength value for a particular box and vn is the corresponding variance (de- fined by, vn = 1/e2 n where en is corresponding error in flux for that particular wavelength value).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' These flux values were then linearly fitted over the range of obser- vation.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Now, the flux at the previously identified bad pixels was set to a flux value according to this linearly extrapolated relation.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' It is to be noted that the error values at the bad pixels were inflated by a factor of 1000 before calculating fbox.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This was done to make sure that the erroneous pixels do not contribute much to the weighted average (as bad pixels generally have very high flux values).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Once the flux values at the bad pixels were set ac- cording to the above mentioned algorithm, we then cal- culated the weighted average flux value for all the ob- servations of a particular type (for eg.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', UV, blue or red) at a particular wavelength value.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For eg.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', if there are 2 UV observations for a particular target, then the aver- age UV flux at nth wavelength value (f UV n ) is given by– f UV n = f 1 nv1 n + f 2 nv2 n v1n + v2n , (3) where f 1 n and f 2 n are UV fluxes at nth wavelength value for 1st and 2nd observations respectively and v1 n & v2 n are corresponding variances as defined before.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This formula can easily be generalized for more than or less than 2 ob- servations.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Once this operation was performed for all the observations of a target, we then combined all the ob- servations to make a single spectrum for a target treat- ing λ <3057˚A as UV observation, 3057˚A< λ <5679˚A as blue observation and λ >5679˚A as red observation.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This algorithm does not apply without any caveat as sometimes the flux values at bad pixels were negative.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Users are advised to be careful of such artifacts in the spectrum by considering the uncertainty we assign.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 4.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' CONTINUUM CORRECTIONS The G230LB grating scatters some red light onto the portions of the CCD where UV is expected (Worthey et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2022a).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This is a problem mainly for cool stars Star 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1 Template Y 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 Normalised Flux 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='3 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='4.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 6200 6300 6400 6500 6600 6700 6800 6900 7000 Wavelength (A) (0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='30 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='25 Correlation Value 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='20 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='15 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='10 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='05 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='00 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='05 2 0 2 4 6 8 Shift (A)8 Pal et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (Teff ≤ 5000 K) where we do not expect significant UV flux.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This section summarizes the results from Worthey et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2022a) on scattered light as well as slit off-center corrections.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We also applied these corrections to the 514 NGSL stars that we have reduced.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 4.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Scattered Light Correction The scattered light (S(λ)) is approximated by the for- mula (Worthey et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2022a): S(λ) = K0 × (1 + 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='00104 × (λ − 2000)) , (4) where K0 is the scattered light count rate at 2000˚A and λ is the wavelength.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Targets with Teff <5000K, K0 is given by the median counts rate around 2000˚A (median counts rate for 1950˚A< λ <2050˚A).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Two stars in our list, HD 124547 and HD 200905, are spectroscopic bi- nary stars with Teff <5000K.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For these two stars, K0 calculated using the average counts rate around 2000˚A resulted in over correction of the spectra.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' After visu- ally inspecting the spectrum for these two stars, the K0 values were modified by hand to mitigate the problem of over correction.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Targets with Teff >5000K and for which V magnitudes (mv) are available, K0 is given by– K0 = 426 × 10−0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='4mv .' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (5) But, for some of the targets (with Teff >5000K) mv is not available.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For such targets, K0 is given by– K0 = 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='78 × 10−7 × C , (6) where C is the integrated count rate between 2000˚A and 10000˚A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' S(λ) was then subtracted from overall count at each λ.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 8 shows an example of scattered light correction applied to the spectrum of HD102212.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' After applying the above mentioned formula of S(λ) for all the 514 stars, 96 stars (Teff >5000K) were over corrected and 8 stars (Teff >5000K) were under cor- rected as judged by inspection of the spectra.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For these cases, the coefficient values (426 in Eqn.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 5 and 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='78 × 10−7 in Eqn.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 6) was iteratively modified to cal- culate K0 until the discrepant star fell among its peers in the UV.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The updated K0 values were then used to calculate S(λ) for those 104 targets.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 4.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Slit Off-center Correction The NGSL targets were observed using the 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='′′2 slit.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' If the target is not placed at the center of the slit, light at the edges of the point spread function (PSF) gets atten- uated by the slit edges.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Because the STIS instrument is off-axis, the PSF is asymmetric, and the attenuation is wavelength-dependent.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' To correct for the attenuation Figure 8.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The fluxed spectrum of the star HD102212 in the UV region without any scattered light correction (blue) and with scattered light correction (red).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' It is seen that the spectrum is a little over corrected in the region around 1800˚A effect, we use the attenuation factor (Dλ) which is given by (Worthey et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2022a): Dλ = a + bq + cq2 + dq3 + eq4 + fq5 + gq6 , (7) where q = � λ/4500.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The coefficients for the above formula at different slit off-center values are given in Ta- ble 3 of Worthey et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2022a).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The slit off-center value for each of the 514 NGSL spectra was calculated during the defringing process as outlined in §3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' It is obvious that the slit off-center values for our 514 targets were not matching the exact values given in Table 3 of Worthey et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2022a).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The Dλ curve (as a function of λ) for each of our targets was calculated as linearly interpo- lated curve between two nearest Dλ curves (for which coefficients are available from Worthey et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2022a)).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Once the Dλ curve was calculated for each target, the flux of that target was divided by Dλ at each λ value.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 4.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Dust We compiled interstellar dust extinction data for our 514-star library sample.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Koleva & Vazdekis (2012) gives non-negative AV values for around 341 stars.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' AV for 44 stars are calculated by us (following Khan & Worthey 2018b) by matching an observed spectrum with a syn- thetic spectrum and then fitting a 1-variable extinction law from Fitzpatrick (1999).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The rest of the AV values are taken from GALExtin website version 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2 (Amˆores et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2021) using a three dimensional Galactic extinc- tion model by Drimmel et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2003).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' These AV values are used to find the E(B-V) values using the following equation: E(B − V ) = AV 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1 (8) 1e-12 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='75 Uncorrected Corrected 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='50 A 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='25 cm 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='00 一 (ergs 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='75 Flux 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='50 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='25 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='00 1800 2000 2200 2400 2600 2800 3000 Wavelength (A)HST Low Resolution Stellar Library 9 Extension Description Primary Contains no data.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The header contains information about basic stellar parameters ([Fe/H], log g, etc.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=') and averaged pointing information.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Exposure-level pointing is available from the original MAST archive files.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Flux Table Binary table extension with columns for wavelength (in ˚A), uncorrected flux, scattered light corrected flux, scattered light & slit off-center corrected flux, and scattered light, slit off-center & dust corrected flux (fluxes are in erg/s/cm2/˚A).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Flux errors are also included as separate columns.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Count Rate Table Binary table extension with columns for wavelength (in ˚A), uncorrected count rate, scattered light corrected count rate, scattered light & slit off-center corrected count rate, and scattered light, slit off-center & dust corrected count rate.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Uncertainties are also included as separate columns.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Flux Table (Log Scale) This binary table extension contains the same information as the Flux Table but the wavelengths are spaced on log scale with log ∆λ = 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0002 Count Rate Table (Log Scale) This binary table extension contains the same information as the Count Rate Table but the wavelengths are spaced on log scale with log ∆λ = 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0002 Table 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Brief description of the FITS file structure.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The extinction law of Fitzpatrick (1999) was used to correct the spectra to dust-free versions.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Possible self- reddening for mass-losing stars was not considered.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The E(B−V ) values were also used to deredden the observed colors that we use for the analysis below.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 5.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' PRESENTATION OF THE LIBRARY 5.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Archived Spectra All 514 spectra have been made available at http: //astro.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='wsu.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='edu/hststarlib/, MAST, and CDS (exact phrasing TBD after referee and after the data are placed) in 514 separate FITS (Wells et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1981) files.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Each FITS file contains 5 extensions, briefly de- scribed in Table 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Table 3 summarizes a mixture of astrophysical and reduction-specific metadata for each stellar target.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 5.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Notable objects Targeted object Gleise 15B, a late M dwarf in a visual binary system, was not observed.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Due to the count rate and spectral shape, it is near certain that its primary (Gleise 15A, GJ 15A, HD 1326, GX And) was observed instead.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Our metadata has been updated to reflect this change.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Quite a few chemically peculiar stars were in- cluded in the library that practitioners wish- ing to fit only “normal” stars should exclude.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 319, HD 141851, HD 210111 are λ Bootis stars.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 18769, HD 41357, HD 41770, HD 67230, HD 78209, HD 95418, HD 109510, HD 111786, HD 140232, HD 141795, and HD 172230 are Am stars.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 175640 is a Bp star.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 163641 is a Hg-Mn star.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 103036 has anomalously-low Mn.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' CD−62 1346 is a carbon-enhanced metal- poor star.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 183915 and HD 101013 are Ba stars and spectroscopic binaries.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 30834 and HD 104340 are Ba stars.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 54361 is a carbon star and it has very little Mg2800 emission.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This might indicate that C- stars have abnormal chromospheres.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 158377 is also a carbon star and BD+36 3168 is a J-type carbon star.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 37202, HD 58343, HD 109387, HD 138749, and HD 142926 are Be stars with strong Balmer emis- sion lines, presumably from a disk.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 190073 is a Herbig Ae star with similar strong emission.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 30614 is a blue supergiant star with strong emission for Hα.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 358, HD 15089, HD 34797, HD 72968, HD 78316, HD 108945, HD 112413, HD 137909, HD 176232, HD 201601, and HD 224801 are α2 CVn variable stars, also, broadly, Ap/Bp stars or HgMn stars.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 232078 is a metal-poor long-period variable star for which we observe little Mg2800 flux.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This star appears in most of the large stellar libraries.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' It is a probable Mg2800 variable star, since Dupree et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2007) give a surface flux of log F = 5.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='17 erg s−1 cm−2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' It has also been observed to have Hα emission in the wings of the line (Cohen 1976).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We hypothesize that at some phase range of the 10 Pal et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Table 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Stellar Metadata Simbad Header Teff log g [Fe/H] B V π (MV )0 dSlit vr K0 AV src Name Name (K) (dex) (dex) (mag) mag (mas) (mag) (pixel) (km s−1) (ADU) (mag) HD 60319 HD060319 5907 4.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='03 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='82 9.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='46 · · 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='99 · · 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='20 34.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='08 1 G 202-65 G202-65 6656 4.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='25 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='37 · · · · 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='88 · · 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='00 245.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='6 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='00 1 HD 185351 HD185351 4921 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='95 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='01 6.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='11 5.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='17 24.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='22 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='00 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='80 6.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='6 5.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='09 1 HD 72184 HD072184 4643 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='84 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='23 7.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='01 · · 14.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='55 · · 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='10 16.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='4 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='11 1 HD 126614 HD126614 5453 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='87 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='53 9.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='66 8.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='79 13.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='65 4.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='41 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='20 32.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='05 1 Note—In this table, B and V are as observed (not dereddened), but (MV )0 is dereddened.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The ”src” column is for V -band extinction AV : 1 – Koleva & Vazdekis (2012);' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2 – Our derivation based on comparison with synthetic templates;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' or 3 – Drimmel et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2003).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This is a portion of the table, presented to show format and content.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The entirety is available online.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' variability cycle, perhaps during heavy mass loss, the normal chromosphere structure is disrupted.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Variable stars: HD 173819 is a classical Cepheid variable star.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 67523 and HD 183324 are δ Scuti (dwarf Cepheid) variable stars.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 344365, DH Peg, and SV Hya are RR Lyrae variable stars.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 96446 pulsates and is a Bp star.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 170756 is an RV Tauri variable star.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Stars with some degree of binary compositeness in- clude HD 41357, HD 69083, HD 78362, HD 79469, HD 106516, HD 164402, HD 166208, HD 187879, HD 193496, HD 210111.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Extra UV light from a companion can be seen in HD 26630, HD 124547, and HD 200905.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 149382 is a hot subdwarf (sdB) star.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The ori- gin of these stars is not perfectly clear, but they are highly evolved.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 1638 and LHS 10 have noisy spectra.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For purposes of repeatability, we did not pursue alter- native spectral extraction methods, but we note that stistools.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='x1d’s extractions for at least G 63- 26, G 115-58, G 169-28, G 192-43, G 196-48, and BD +66 268 are probably incorrect.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 6.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' THE MG II 2800 FEATURE AND CHROMOSPHERIC ACTIVITY In this section, we explore the chromospheric activ- ity of the 514 NGSL stars after full reduction, including extinction corrections.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Wilson & Vainu Bappu (1957) showed that the absolute visual magnitudes (MV ) of late-type stars correlate linearly with logarithm of H & K emission line width of CaII (the Wilson-Bappu effect) and Mg2800 h & k share this behavior (Elgarøy et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1999;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Cassatella et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2001).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' However, because our spec- tra are low resolution we could not reliably compute an analogous width for the twin MgII 2800 emission lines.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We therefore measure overall strength only.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' To summarize the strength of MgII 2800 emission, we adopt an equivalent width style index (Mg2800): Mg2800 = −2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 × log10 � F i λ dλ � F c λ dλ , (9) where F i λ is the observed flux within the spectral fea- ture band and F c λ is the expected flux without the spec- tral feature within the same band.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We approximate F c λ by defining a pseudo-continuum from side bands.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A line is drawn between the central wavelengths and average flux values of the two sidebands.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The Mg2800 central feature band is defined as wavelengths between [2784˚A, 2814˚A].' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The blue side band is [2762˚A, 2782˚A] and the red one is [2818˚A, 2838˚A].' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' These definitions of feature and side bands are adopted from Fanelli et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (1990).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Figure 9.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Mg2800 versus (B-V)0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Dwarfs (red) and giants (blue) are given different symbol types to denote metallic- ity groups: metal-poor (crosses), intermediate (filled circles), and metal-rich (filled triangles).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The extremely red point is carbon star HD 54361.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We keep the units (magnitudes) adopted by Fanelli et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (1990).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A negative index value signifies net emis- sion and a positive value signifies absorption.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 9 2 0 Dwarfs ([Fe/H]< -1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0) Dwarfs (-1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0<[Fe/H]< -0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='25) Dwarfs ([Fe/H] > -0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='25) 2 Giants ([Fe/H]<-1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0) Giants (-1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0<[Fe/H]<-0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='25) Giants ([Fe/H] > -0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='25) 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 (B-V)oHST Low Resolution Stellar Library 11 displays Mg2800 as a function of dereddened color for the library stars.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Hot stars have negligible Mg2800 ab- sorption.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We also note that, although the sample con- tains some strongly-active Be stars, these stars show no anomalous Mg2800 absorption or emission.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Mg2800 absorption increases from A0 stars to sunlike stars [(B − V )0 = 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='65] and declines thereafter.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' In cool stars, both giants and dwarfs, chromospheric Mg2800 emis- sion overtakes photospheric absorption at (B − V )0 ≈ 1 and dominates for cooler stars.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 9 agrees well with Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 5c of Fanelli et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (1990).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For the plots herein, the distinction between giants and dwarfs is approximated via the color-magnitude di- agram (CMD) as shown in Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Stars warmer than (B − V )0 = 0 or fainter than MV = 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 were simply considered dwarfs regardless of their spectral type.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For (B−V )0 > 0, any star with MV > 6.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='25×(B−V )0−2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 is considered a dwarf whereas MV < 6.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='25×(B −V )0 −2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 is considered a giant.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 10 CMD is color-coded by Mg2800 value.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The verticality of the color bands shows again that both cool dwarfs and cool giants have similar Mg2800.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Their chromospheres are similar by this measure despite vastly different size scales (∼ 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1R⊙ versus ∼ 100R⊙).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The emission gradually changes to absorption for warm stars and declines to near zero for hot stars.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Note that some distant stars may have extra Mg2800 absorption due to warm interstellar material along the line of sight.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Even given the intentional diversity in sample se- lection, outliers are relatively few.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' One is G9 giant HD 222093, at (B − V )0 ≈ 1 and MV ≈ 1 in Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' It has a high value for Mg2800 absorption, signified by the red color in Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The star’s spectrum shows emission peaks at the core of a broad absorption feature at 2800˚A, normal for a star whose absorption competes with emission at (B−V )0 ≈ 1, but this star’s emission is weak.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 222093 also shows up in Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 9 as the sole star with the highest Mg2800 absorption at (B − V )0 ≈ 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 11 plots Mg2800 vs.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' metallicity, color-coded by (B − V )0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' It is clear from this figure that no strong correlation exists between these two quantities in any color regime, particularly for cools.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' An anticorrelation among cool stars might have been expected from the Ca II H & K results of Houdebine & Stempels (1997) who found that metal poor stars are activity deficient, but we see no such trend.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Peterson & Schrijver (1997) reports that chromospheric characteristics do not have any metallicity dependence.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A subtle declining trend among medium-temperature stars in Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 11 deserves a note and an additional figure, namely Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 12, which restricts the color range to be near solar (0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5<(B-V)0 <0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='8).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Because these are posi- Figure 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' CMD for all 514 NGSL stars.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The color bar shows Mg2800 strength.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For dwarfs, Mg II emission fills in the absorption redder than B − V = 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='9, whereas emission begins to dominate for giants at B − V = 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Figure 11.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Mg2800 as a function of [Fe/H].' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The color bar codes (B-V)0 and the symbol type distinguishes dwarfs (tri- angles) and giants (circles).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' tive values of Mg2800, indicating absorption, one might expect a monotonic increase of Mg2800 with [Fe/H].' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Mg2800 absorption does increase for metal poor stars (−2 < [Fe/H] < −1) but then the index value saturates and falls for metal rich objects.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' With the help of syn- thetic spectra, two sequences of which are also plotted in Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 12, the reason appears to be a simple curve of growth argument.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Mg2800 is a resonance feature that scales approximately as the abundance of the Mg II ion.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' It reaches full depth at [Fe/H] ∼ −1, but the flanking (in wavelength) absorption features from a plethora of atomic species are still weak.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' From [Fe/H] ∼ −1 and higher, these weak features will grow faster than the central Mg II absorption pair.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' As the pseudocontinuum drops, the Mg2800 index drops.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Parenthetically, the relatively poor agreement of synthetic spectra and ob- 7.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 5.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 0 Mv (mag) 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 1 5.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 7.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 2 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 (B-V)o2 Dwarfs Giants 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 Mg2800 (mag) 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 2 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 [Fe/H]12 Pal et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Figure 12.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Mg2800 as a function of [Fe/H] for a narrowed color range of 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5<(B-V)0 <0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='8.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Dwarfs (triangles) and gi- ants (circles) are color coded by (B-V)0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Black lines indicate Mg2800 from synthetic LTE spectra for dwarfs (Teff=5770K, log g=4.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5, solid) and giants (Teff=5770K, log g=1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5, dashed).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' served spectra in Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 12 should be no surprise.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The UV spectrum is crowded, its lines have not received as much attention as optical ones, and for warm and cool stars the wavelength regime is on the blue side of the black- body curve, exposing defects in the upper layers of the model atmosphere due to the absence of backwarming.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Hα emission is a separate indicator of stellar chromo- spheric activity (Montes et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1995;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Cincunegui et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2007;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Gomes da Silva et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2014) and also magnetic flare activity.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' An index for the Hα feature is calculated using the passband definitions of Cohen et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (1998) but here we convert it to magnitude units (Eqn.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 9).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The spectral feature band is [6548˚A, 6578˚A] and the blue pseudocon- tinuum is [6420˚A, 6455˚A] and the red pseudocontinuum is [6600˚A, 6640˚A].' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Mg2800 and Hα are plotted against each other in Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 13.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The strongest Hα emitters are Be stars, gen- erally assumed to be young stars with disks (Gray & Corbally 2009).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We might also expect to catch some flaring M dwarfs, but apparently none of the M dwarfs were observed during outbursts, as we see no cool dwarfs scattering to negative Hα values.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The “triangle” in the positive-positive quadrant arises because peak Hα ab- sorption occurs among hotter stars than peak Mg2800 absorption.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Among cool stars with negative Mg2800, the mild correlation is due to expected Hα index ab- sorption behavior from species unrelated to Hα itself, such as TiO (e.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='g.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Valdes et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2004).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' That is, it is a consequence of the strong Mg2800-temperature anticor- relation in cool stars, and does not imply Hα emission at all.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Two stars lie at anomalously-negative Hα values.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' They are: HD 126327 (giant) and GL 109 (dwarf).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Pre- Figure 13.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Mg2800 is plotted against Hα for dwarfs (tri- angles) and giants (circles).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The points are color coded by (B-V)0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Three stars to the extreme left of the figure are all Be stars: HD 37202, HD 109387, and HD 190073.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' sumably, HST serendipitously observed these objects during flare events.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The correlation between Ca II H & K core emission strength (a third stellar activity indicator) and Hα emis- sion is also well studied.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Some authors report a posi- tive correlation between the two (Pasquini & Pallavicini 1991;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Montes et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1995), some a lack of correlation, and some a negative correlation (Cincunegui et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2007;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Gomes da Silva et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2011).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Our Mg2800 results shed little insight into this uncertain area.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 7.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This paper presents a new reduction of the Next Generation (HST/STIS low resolution) Spectral Library that includes updated flux calibration work, updated scattered light corrections, and an increase in sample size (345 to 514) due to inclusion of stars from run GO13776.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This increases the parameter space coverage in log g, Teff and [Fe/H] (Figs.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1 and 2).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' After correction for interstellar extinction, the spectra were used to explore the chromospheric activity of stars using the Mg II 2800 h + k feature and Hα as likely indicators.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Against color, there is a gradual change of sign of Mg2800 from positive to negative (signifying absorption to emission transition) for both dwarfs and giants within 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5<(B-V)0 <1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' From Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 9 it is evident that the transition happens at (B-V)0=1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 or spectral class K3 for dwarfs, and (B-V)0=1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='12 or spectral class K4-K5 for giants.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The color calibration of Worthey & Lee (2011) indicates that we expect dwarfs to have B − V bluer than giants by about 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1 mag, so this crossover hap- pens at about the same Teff for both dwarfs and giants.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Largely, this result is consistent with results from Gurza- 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='6 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='4 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='75 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='70 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='8 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='65 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='6 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='60 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='4 Dwarfs (Synthetic LTE) Giants (Synthetic LTE) 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='55 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2 Dwarfs Giants 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 [Fe/H]2 Dwarfs Giants 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 Mg2800 (mag) Be Stars 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 0 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 2 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 3 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='4 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='4 Hα (mag)HST Low Resolution Stellar Library 13 dian (1975) where it was shown that Mg II 2800 feature starts dominating in emission in K2 and later-type stars.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The photospheric absorption gives way to strong chro- mospheric emission as the temperature drops.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Temper- ature is the emphatic controlling parameter of Mg2800 emission;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' the cooler the star, the stronger the emission.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' [Fe/H] and log g have little influence on Mg2800, and we see no evidence of flare behavior.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We chart basic Hα and Hβ behavior in Figs.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 14 and 15.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The peaks are the deep absorptions in A stars, and strongly negative values indicate that emission has over- shadowed absorption.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 14 shows four stars with mild flares in progress: GJ 551, GJ 876, and GL 109 are dwarfs while HD 126327 is a giant.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' GJ 551 is Prox- ima Centauri and it shows up as a flaring dwarf in a 20 seconds cadence Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satel- lite (TESS) monitoring campaign (Howard & MacGre- gor 2022).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Evidence for flares in GJ 674 is reported in Froning et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2019).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' GL 109 is listed as an eruptive variable in SIMBAD and categorized as UC Cet-type flare star (Gershberg et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1999).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 126327 is the only cool giant that seems to be flaring.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Prominent TiO band absorption affects the coolest stars.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Cool giants saturate at B − V ≈ 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='65 (Worthey & Lee 2011) but es- pecially Hβ continues to increase, not because of actual Hβ absorption, but because of the increasing influence of TiO features.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The giant at the extreme right is a car- bon star.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The hot dwarfs with Hα magnitudes less than 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1 are Be stars.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The Mg II 2800 line emission in UV is a major probe for chromospheric radiative loss(Linsky & Ayres 1978).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' From Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 9 it is evident that there is scatter in Mg II 2800 line strength for a given temperature, but the character of that scatter might be astrophysical.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Var- ious studies have suggested the existence of a ‘basal’ flux level for Mg II 2800 that might indicate the level of an ongoing, persistent mechanism (acoustic waves are often cited) that can be supplemented by a more vari- able heating mechanism (such as magnetohydrodynamic shocks) that adds Mg emission to some stars but not others (Schrijver 1987;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Strassmeier et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1994;' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Mart´ınez et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2011).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Recast in terms of the Mg II λ2800 flux emerging from the star’s surface (Fλ), the above authors find a ‘basal level’ that increases with temperature.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' In order to con- firm this, we select NGSL stars with Teff < 5000K and recast their emission line strengths as emergent fluxes as in Mart´ınez et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2011).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The scheme follows Oranje et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (1982), but extended to account for interstellar extinction.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Oranje et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' noted that Fλ fλ = Fbol fbol , (10) Figure 14.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Hα as a function of (B−V )0 for dwarfs (red) and giants (blue) are shown, segregated by metal-poor (crosses), intermediate (filled circles), and metal-rich (filled triangles) status.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Be stars scatter to negative values for hot stars with (B − V )0 < 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Any star caught during a flare event should also scatter toward negative index values.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Four stars (3 dwarfs and 1 giant) with Hα < −0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='15 and (B − V )0 > 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 are thought to be flaring: GJ 551, GJ 876, and GL 109 are dwarfs while HD 126327 is a giant.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Noise prevents reliable measurement of Mg2800 in GJ 551 (Proxima Centauri) and GJ 876.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Therefore, these stars do not appear in figures that illustrate Mg2800.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Figure 15.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Hβ as a function of (B−V )0 for dwarfs (red) and giants (blue), segregated by metal-poor (crosses), intermedi- ate (filled circles), and metal-rich (filled triangles) status.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Hβ is less sensitive to emission than Hα.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' where Fλ is the star’s outbound surface flux (erg cm−2 s−1) at some wavelength.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For us, this wavelength is 2800˚A, and it is chromospheric in origin.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The lower case fλ is then the flux received at earth.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The right hand side are the bolometric versions.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This equation is only good in the limit of zero extinction.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Extinction at wavelength λ (Aλ) is defined by: Aλ = −2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5log fλ f0,λ , (11) 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='4 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2 (mag) 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 )H 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2 Dwarfs ([Fe/H)<-1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0) Dwarfs (-1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0<[Fe/H] <-0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='25) Dwarfs ([Fe/H]> -0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='25) 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='4 Giants ([Fe/H] < -1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0) Giants (-1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0<[Fe/H] <-0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='25) Giants ([Fe/H] > -0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='25) 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 (B- V)oDwarfs({Fe/Hi<-1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0) 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='4 Dwarfs (-1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0<[Fe/Hl< -0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='25) Dwarfs ([Fe/H] >-0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='25) Giants ([Fe/H] < -1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0) 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='3 Giants (-1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0<[Fe/Hl<-0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='25) Hβ (mag) Giants ([Fe/H] > -0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='25) 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 (B- V)o14 Pal et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Figure 16.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Inferred surface flux from Mg II 2800 (log10, cgs units) as a function of Teff for both giants and dwarfs with Teff < 5000 K.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The green line is the “basal flux” from Mart´ınez et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2011).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Three stars with log (Flux) <3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 (HD 54361, HD 126327, and HD 232078) are below the plot limits.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The downward black arrows show log10 (Teff) for them.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For comparison, the blackbody emergent flux in- tegrated over the Mg2800 central passband (black line) is shown.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' where f0,λ is the extinction corrected version of fλ.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This equation can be inverted to fλ = f0,λ10−0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='4Aλ = f0,λ g(Aλ) , (12) where the function g(Aλ) is shorthand we introduce.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' By convention, Aλ is positive and thus, fλ is always less than f0,λ and 0 < g(Aλ) ≤ 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Besides g(Aλ), we also invent h(Abol) to represent the extinction in bolometric quantities, which is more complicated to produce (it re- quires the integration of the dust-attenuated flux over all wavelengths and thus depends on the spectral type of the target star).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Putting everything together: Fλ = f0,λ Fbol f0,bol g(Aλ) h(Abol) (13) This can be rephrased in terms of Teff by noting that: Fbol = σT 4 eff , (14) where σ is the Stephan-Boltzmann constant and f0,bol = B10−0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='4(V +BCV ) , (15) where B is a zeropoint adjustment between physical units and the astronomical magnitude scale, V is the ap- parent magnitude in V-band, and BCV is the bolomet- ric correction for V-band.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The B value is obtained by noting that, fbol,⊙=1361 Wm−2, V⊙=-26.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='76 (Willmer 2018), and BCV,⊙=0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='09 (VandenBerg & Clem 2003).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Known Teff, [Fe/H], and log g values for each star were used to interpolate a low resolution synthetic flux from Figure 17.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Spectra of 5 stars are shown in the λ2800 region.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' TOP: Fluxed spectra are normalized at 2820˚A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' BOTTOM: Fluxed spectra are normalized such that the continuum- subtracted emission scales as the surface-emergent emission Fλ derived for Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 16.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' “Normal” HD 136726 and HD 131918 lie near the green line in Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 16 and the remaining three stars are low outliers.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' HD 232078 and carbon star HD 54361 lie outside the plot limits in Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 16 and HD 126327 was caught during a flare event (Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 13).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Worthey (1994).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We applied a Fitzpatrick (1999) cubic spline extinction curve to this synthetic flux, then in- tegrated (with and without extinction) to find h(Abol).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' For the bolometric correction, we used the Worthey & Lee (2011) calibration, which also requires T, log g, and [Fe/H].' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' We used these values and our Eqn.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 8 to get A2800.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The quantity f0,bol was calculated by integrat- ing the flux over index band for Mg II 2800.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A linear pseudocontinuum calculated from the Mg II 2800 pass- bands was subtracted before the integration.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 16 shows the dependence of Fλ as a function of Teff in a log-log scale.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Thus transformed to surface- emergent flux, cool dwarfs are seen to emit an order of magnitude more Mg2800 flux per unit surface area, with two notable low-lying objects.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' As for giants, a num- ber of cool giants have lower flux values than the basal line given by Mart´ınez et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2011) (solid green line in Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 16).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' One giant (HD 222093) lies two orders of mag- nitudes brighter than typical, and three stars lie offscale on the low end.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' No ready explanation for the difference in the morphology of our figure versus Mart´ınez et al.’s leaps to mind.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Our spectra have lower spectral resolu- tion compared to IUE, but continuum subtraction is too minor to contribute significant error, our fluxes should be reliable, and our treatment of interstellar extinction is probably a step better.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Another giant, HD 126327, lies more than an order of magnitude lower than the line but also was caught flaring in Hα (Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 13).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This might indicate that stormy Giants Dwarfs Martinez fit Blackbody continuum 6 log(Flux) 5 4 HD232078 HD054361&HD126327 3 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='70 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='65 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='60 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='55 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='50 3.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='45 log(Teff)20 HD232078 15 HD054361 HD126327 10 HD136726 Normalised Flux HD131918 5 0 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 2760 2780 2800 2820 2840 Wavelength (A)HST Low Resolution Stellar Library 15 Figure 18.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Mg II 2800 feature in HD 102212 as observed by IUE (blue), in the NGSL (red), and by Worthey et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2022a) (green).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The IUE spectrum is at lower resolution compared to Worthey et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2022a) and NGSL.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' events in the photosphere and lower chromosphere might temporarily disrupt the middle chromosphere where the Mg2800 arises.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 17 elucidates the fact that stars lying close to the green line in Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 16 in fact have higher Mg II λ2800 flux compared to stars lying way below the same green line in Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 16.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Fig.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 18 shows variation in the MgII 2800 spectral lines using observations from International Ultraviolet Ex- plorer (IUE), NGSL, and Worthey et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2022a) for the single star HD 102212.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The observations were made in 1997, 2002, and 2021 for IUE, NGSL, and Worthey et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2022a) respectively.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Mg2800 values for the three cases are -1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='49±0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='05, -1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='81±0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='003, and -2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='26±0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='008 for IUE, NGSL, and Worthey et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2022a) respectively.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The errors in Mg2800 values are calculated by taking into consideration the errors in flux at each pixel value and then propagating these errors while calculating Mg2800 values.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Even admitting a few percent additional fluxing error, it is statistically certain that Mg2800 values show a temporal variation in HD 102212.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Add this to HD 232078, a similar long-period variable listed in §5.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2 that is probably also variable in Mg2800.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' The sun is known to have a ∼7% Mg2800 variation that correlates with the magnetic activity cycle (Deland & Cebula 1993).' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Buccino & Mauas (2008) report cyclic chromospheric activity in HD 22049 and HD 128621 us- ing IUE spectral data.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' At visible wavelengths, some studies show overall variation in chromospheric activity from CaII H & K lines.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Baliunas et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (1998) report that 85% of stars in the 40-year HK Project at Mount Wil- son Observatory showed either periodic (60%) or ape- riodic (25%) variation in chromospheric activity.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Tem- poral variation possibly separates magnetically-driven chromospheric heating, which can be expected to be cyclic, from acoustic wave-driven heating, which might be expected to be steadier.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' In this regard, HD 102212 is not an apt test case because it is a long-period variable star likely to experience considerable “weather” in its gaseous envelope.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 8.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We acknowledge with thanks the variable star obser- vations from the AAVSO International Database con- tributed by observers worldwide and used in this re- search.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, program GO 16188, https://dx.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='doi.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='org/10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='17909/t9-d42d-z465.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Sup- port for this work was provided by NASA through grant number HST-GO-16188.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='001-A from the Space Telescope Science Institute.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' STScI is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS, Stras- bourg, France.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1e-12 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 IUE NGSL 2.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 Worthey et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' (2022a) cm 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='5 0.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 2760 2780 2800 2820 2840 Wavelength (A)16 Pal et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' REFERENCES Alloin, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1996, in Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, Vol.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 98, From Stars to Galaxies: the Impact of Stellar Physics on Galaxy Evolution, ed.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Leitherer, U.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Fritze-von-Alvensleben, & J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Huchra, 115 Amˆores, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' B.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Jesus, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Moitinho, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2021, MNRAS, 508, 1788, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1093/mnras/stab2248 Bagnulo, S.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Jehin, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Ledoux, C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2003, The Messenger, 114, 10 Baliunas, S.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' L.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Donahue, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Soon, W.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Henry, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' W.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1998, in Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, Vol.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 154, Cool Stars, Stellar Systems, and the Sun, ed.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Donahue & J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Bookbinder, 153 Barry, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1988, ApJ, 334, 436, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/166848 Boehm-Vitense, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1981, ApJ, 244, 504, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/158727 Brown, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' L.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Jeffers, S.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' V.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Marsden, S.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2022, MNRAS, 514, 4300, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1093/mnras/stac1291 Bruzual, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Charlot, S.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2003, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 344, 1000, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1046/j.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1365-8711.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2003.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='06897.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='x Bruzual A, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Barbuy, B.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Ortolani, S.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1997, The Astronomical journal.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' New York.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Vol.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 114, no.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 4 (Oct.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1997), p.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1531-1538 Buccino, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Mauas, P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2008, A&A, 483, 903, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/0004-6361:20078925 Buchholz, B.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Ulmschneider, P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Cuntz, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1998, ApJ, 494, 700, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/305226 Cassatella, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Altamore, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Badiali, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Cardini, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2001, A&A, 374, 1085, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/0004-6361:20010816 Cesetti, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Pizzella, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Ivanov, V.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2013, A&A, 549, A129, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/0004-6361/201219078 Chavez, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Bertone, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Buzzoni, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2007, ApJ, 657, 1046, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/511295 Cincunegui, C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', D´ıaz, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' F.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Mauas, P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2007, A&A, 469, 309, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/0004-6361:20066503 Cohen, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1976, ApJL, 203, L127, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/182035 Cohen, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Blakeslee, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Ryzhov, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1998, ApJ, 496, 808, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/305429 Daddi, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Renzini, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Pirzkal, N.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2005, ApJ, 626, 680, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/430104 Deland, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' T.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Cebula, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1993, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Geophys.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Res.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', 98, 12,809, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1029/93JD00421 Deng, L.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Chen, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Liu, X.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Chen, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1999, The Astrophysical Journal, 524, 824 Deng, L.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Xin, Y.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2010, in Star Clusters: Basic Galactic Building Blocks Throughout Time and Space, ed.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' de Grijs & J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' L´epine, Vol.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 266, 304–311, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1017/S1743921309991177 Drimmel, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Cabrera-Lavers, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & L´opez-Corredoira, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2003, A&A, 409, 205, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/0004-6361:20031070 Du, C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Li, H.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Liu, S.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Donlon, T.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Newberg, H.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2018, ApJ, 863, 87, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='3847/1538-4357/aad088 Dupree, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' K.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Li, T.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Q.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Smith, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' H.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2007, AJ, 134, 1348, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/520925 Elgarøy, Ø.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Engvold, O.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Lund, N.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1999, A&A, 343, 222 Falc´on-Barroso, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', S´anchez-Bl´azquez, P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Vazdekis, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2011, A&A, 532, A95, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/0004-6361/201116842 Fanelli, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' N.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', O’Connell, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' W.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Burstein, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Wu, C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='-C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1990, ApJ, 364, 272, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/169411 —.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1992, ApJS, 82, 197, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/191714 Fitzpatrick, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' L.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1999, PASP, 111, 63, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/316293 Fr¨ohlich, H.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Frasca, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Catanzaro, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2012, A&A, 543, A146, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/0004-6361/201219167 Froning, C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' S.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Kowalski, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', France, K.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2019, ApJL, 871, L26, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='3847/2041-8213/aaffcd Gershberg, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Katsova, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Lovkaya, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' N.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Terebizh, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' V.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Shakhovskaya, N.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' I.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1999, A&AS, 139, 555, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/aas:1999407 Gomes da Silva, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Santos, N.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Boisse, I.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Dumusque, X.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Lovis, C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2014, A&A, 566, A66, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/0004-6361/201322697 Gomes da Silva, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Santos, N.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Bonfils, X.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2011, A&A, 534, A30, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/0004-6361/201116971 Gray, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' O.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Corbally, Christopher, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2009, Stellar Spectral Classification (Princeton: Princeton University Press) Gregg, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Silva, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Rayner, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2004, in American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts, Vol.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 205, American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts, 94.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='06 Gregg, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Silva, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Rayner, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2006, in The 2005 HST Calibration Workshop: Hubble After the Transition to Two-Gyro Mode, ed.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Koekemoer, P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Goudfrooij, & L.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' L.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Dressel, 209 Gurzadian, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1975, PASP, 87, 289, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/129757 Hartmann, L.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' W.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Noyes, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' W.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1987, ARA&A, 25, 271, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1146/annurev.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='aa.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='25.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='090187.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='001415 Heap, S.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Lindler, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2009, Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, 7, 273, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1007/978-0-387-87621-4 37 Heap, S.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Lindler, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2010, in American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts, Vol.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 215, American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts #215, 463.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='02 Hernandez, S.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2012, Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph Instrument Handbook for Cycle 21 v.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 12.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='0 (Baltimore: Space Telescope Science Institute) Houdebine, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Stempels, H.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1997, A&A, 326, 1143 HST Low Resolution Stellar Library 17 Howard, W.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' S.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & MacGregor, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2022, ApJ, 926, 204, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='3847/1538-4357/ac426e Jacoby, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' H.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Hunter, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Christian, C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1984, ApJS, 56, 257, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/190983 Khan, I.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Worthey, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2018a, VizieR Online Data Catalog, J/A+A/615/A115 —.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2018b, A&A, 615, A115, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/0004-6361/201732545 Kimble, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Woodgate, B.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Bowers, C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' W.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1998, The Astrophysical Journal, 492, L83, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/311102 Koleva, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Vazdekis, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2012, A&A, 538, A143, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/0004-6361/201118065 Kurth, O.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Fritze-v.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Alvensleben, U.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Fricke, K.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1999, A&AS, 138, 19, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/aas:1999499 Lastennet, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Lejeune, T.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Oblak, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Westera, P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Buser, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2002, Ap&SS, 280, 83, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1023/A:1015552407031 Lastennet, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Valls-Gabaud, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Lejeune, T.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Oblak, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1999, A&A, 349, 485.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' https://arxiv.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='org/abs/astro-ph/9905273 Le Borgne, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Rocca-Volmerange, B.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Prugniel, P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2004, A&A, 425, 881, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/0004-6361:200400044 Lejeune, T.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Cuisinier, F.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Buser, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1997, A&AS, 125, 229, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/aas:1997373 —.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1998, A&AS, 130, 65, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/aas:1998405 Lindler, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Heap, S.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2010, in American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts, Vol.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 215, American Astronomical Society Meeting Abstracts #215, 463.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='17 Linsky, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' L.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Ayres, T.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1978, ApJ, 220, 619, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/155945 Malumuth, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Hill, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' S.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Gull, T.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2003, PASP, 115, 218, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/345913 Mart´ınez, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' I.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Schr¨oder, K.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='-P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Cuntz, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2011, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 414, 418, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1111/j.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1365-2966.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2011.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='18421.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='x Montes, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Fernandez-Figueroa, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', de Castro, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Cornide, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1995, A&A, 294, 165 Musielak, Z.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Bielicz, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1982, AcA, 32, 263 Oranje, B.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Zwaan, C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Middelkoop, F.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1982, A&A, 110, 30 Pace, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2013, A&A, 551, L8, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/0004-6361/201220364 Pasquini, L.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Pallavicini, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1991, A&A, 251, 199 Peterson, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Schrijver, C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1997, ApJL, 480, L47, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/310607 Pettini, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Steidel, C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Adelberger, K.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' L.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Dickinson, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Giavalisco, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2000, The Astrophysical Journal, 528, 96, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/308176 Pols, O.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Schr¨oder, K.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='-P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Hurley, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Tout, C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Eggleton, P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1998, MNRAS, 298, 525, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1046/j.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1365-8711.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1998.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='01658.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='x Ponder, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Burstein, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=", O'Connell, R." metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' W.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1998, The Astronomical Journal, 116, 2297, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/300590 Prichard, L.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Welty, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Jones, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2022, in STIS Instrument Handbook for Cycle 30 v.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 21, Vol.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 21 (Baltimore: Space Telescope Science Institute), 21 Prugniel, P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Soubiran, C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Koleva, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Le Borgne, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2007, arXiv e-prints, astro.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' https://arxiv.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='org/abs/astro-ph/0703658 P´erez Mart´ınez, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' I.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Schr¨oder, K.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='-P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Hauschildt, P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2014, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 445, 270, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1093/mnras/stu1706 Quentin, L.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Tout, C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2018, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 477, 2298, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1093/mnras/sty770 S´anchez-Bl´azquez, P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Peletier, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' F.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Jim´enez-Vicente, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2006, MNRAS, 371, 703, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1111/j.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1365-2966.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2006.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='10699.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='x Schrijver, C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1987, A&A, 172, 111 Serven, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Worthey, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Toloba, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2010, The Astronomical Journal, 141, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1088/0004-6256/141/6/184 Smith, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' H.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Burstein, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Fanelli, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' N.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', O’Connell, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' W.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Wu, C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1991, AJ, 101, 655, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/115713 Soubiran, C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Katz, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Cayrel, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1998, VizieR Online Data Catalog, J/A+AS/133/221 Strassmeier, K.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Handler, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Paunzen, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Rauth, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1994, A&A, 281, 855 Sudzius, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Vansevicius, V.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2002, Ap&SS, 280, 63, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1023/A:1015592125319 Toloba, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', S´anchez-Bl´azquez, P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Gorgas, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Gibson, B.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' K.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2009, in American Institute of Physics Conference Series, Vol.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1111, Probing Stellar Populations Out to the Distant Universe: Cefalu 2008, Proceedings of the International Conference, ed.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Giobbi, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Tornambe, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Raimondo, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Limongi, L.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Antonelli, N.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Menci, & E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Brocato, 168–171, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1063/1.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='3141538 Valdes, F.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Gupta, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Rose, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Singh, H.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Bell, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2004, ApJS, 152, 251, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/386343 van Dokkum, P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Brammer, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2010, ApJL, 718, L73, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1088/2041-8205/718/2/L73 VandenBerg, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Clem, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' L.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2003, AJ, 126, 778, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/376840 Vaughan, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' H.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Preston, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' W.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1980, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 92, 385, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/130683 18 Pal et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Vazdekis, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Koleva, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Ricciardelli, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', R¨ock, B.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Falc´on-Barroso, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2016, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 463, 3409, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1093/mnras/stw2231 Vazdekis, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Ricciardelli, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Cenarro, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2012, MNRAS, 424, 157, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1111/j.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1365-2966.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='2012.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='21179.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='x Vazdekis, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', S´anchez-Bl´azquez, P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Falc´on-Barroso, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2010, in Stellar Populations - Planning for the Next Decade, ed.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Bruzual & S.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Charlot, Vol.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 262, 65–68, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1017/S174392131000253X Verro, K.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Trager, S.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Peletier, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' F.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2022a, A&A, 660, A34, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/0004-6361/202142388 —.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2022b, A&A, 661, A50, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/0004-6361/202142387 Weiss, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Salaris, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1999, arXiv preprint astro-ph/9904236 Wells, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Greisen, E.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' W.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Harten, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' H.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1981, A&AS, 44, 363 Wenger, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Ochsenbein, F.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Egret, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2000, A&AS, 143, 9, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/aas:2000332 Westera, P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Buser, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2003, in Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series, Vol.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 296, New Horizons in Globular Cluster Astronomy, ed.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Piotto, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Meylan, S.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Djorgovski, & M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' Riello, 238 Willmer, C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' N.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2018, ApJS, 236, 47, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='3847/1538-4365/aabfdf Wilson, O.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Vainu Bappu, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' K.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1957, ApJ, 125, 661, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/146339 Worthey, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1994, ApJS, 95, 107, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/192096 Worthey, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Danilet, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' B.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Faber, S.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2014, A&A, 561, A36, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/0004-6361/201322287 Worthey, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Faber, S.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Gonzalez, J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' J.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Burstein, D.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1994, ApJS, 94, 687, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1086/192087 Worthey, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Lee, H.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='-c.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2011, ApJS, 193, 1, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1088/0067-0049/193/1/1 Worthey, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Pal, T.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Khan, I.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Shi, X.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Bohlin, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2022a, Scattered Light in STIS Grating G230LB, Instrument Science Report STIS 2022-05, 26 pages Worthey, G.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Shi, X.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Pal, T.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Lee, H.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='-c.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Tang, B.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2022b, MNRAS, 511, 3198, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1093/mnras/stac267 Wu, C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='-C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Boggess, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Gull, T.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1983, The Astrophysical Journal, 266, 28 Wu, C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' C.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Ake, T.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' B.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Boggess, A.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', et al.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 1983, NASA IUE Newsl, 22 Wu, Y.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Singh, H.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Prugniel, P.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', Gupta, R.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=', & Koleva, M.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content=' 2011, A&A, 525, A71, doi: 10.' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'} +page_content='1051/0004-6361/201015014' metadata={'source': '/home/zjlab/wf/langchain-ChatGLM/knowledge_base/E9E4T4oBgHgl3EQf6w7l/content/2301.05335v1.pdf'}