text: create a map to store the frequency of each character
code: Dictionary < char , int > m = new Dictionary < char , int > ( ) ; for ( int i = 0 ; i < s . Length ; i ++ ) { if ( m . ContainsKey ( s [ i ] ) ) { var val = m [ s [ i ] ] ; m . Remove ( s [ i ] ) ; m . Add ( s [ i ] , val + 1 ) ; } else m . Add ( s [ i ] , 1 ) ; }