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README.md
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---
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dtype: int32
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splits:
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- name: train
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num_bytes: 16457224
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num_examples: 2051
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download_size: 9822261
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dataset_size: 16457224
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configs:
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- config_name: default
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data_files:
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- split: train
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path: data/train-*
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---
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---
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language: en
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license: mit
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pretty_name: Rectangular Patch Antenna Frequency Response Dataset
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size_categories:
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- 1K<n<10K
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tags:
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- patch-antenna
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- antenna-design
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- microwave
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- rf
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- electromagnetic-simulation
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- inverse-design
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splits:
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- name: train
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num_examples: 2051
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---
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# Rectangular Patch Antenna Frequency Response Dataset
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Simulated S₁₁ frequency response curves for coaxial-fed rectangular patch antennas with varying dimensions and feed positions.
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This dataset was released as part of [LaBash et al., "Improving Generative Inverse Design of Rectangular Patch Antennas with Test Time Optimization"](https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.18188).
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## Dataset Description
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Coaxial-fed rectangular patch antennas consist of a feed pin that passes through the ground plane to a metallic patch on a dielectric substrate. The design configuration of a single coaxial-fed rectangular patch antenna is parametrized by (*L*, *W*, *p*), where:
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- *L* is the length of the patch in mm
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- *W* is the width of the patch in mm
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- *p* is the position of the feed point relative to the center of the patch along the length axis
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<p align="center">
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<img src="assets/patch_antenna_diagram.png" alt="Rectangular Patch Antenna Configuration - Top and Side Views" width="50%">
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<em>Figure 1: Configuration of a Rectangular Patch Antenna fed via coaxial line through the ground plane.</em>
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</p>
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### Design Parameter Ranges
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- *L* = [7.5, 52.5] mm (patch length)
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- *W*/*L* ratio = [0.8, 2] (width to length ratio)
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- *p* = [-6, 0) mm (feed position), enforcing *p* = (-*L*/2, 0)
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The designs were sampled at higher density at small *L* and with *p* close to the edge of the patch, then augmented using an algorithm designed to sample additional triplets (*L*, *W*, *p*) inside the convex hull of the existing dataset while enforcing uniformity.
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### Simulation Details
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The simulations were performed using [openEMS](https://openems.de/), an open-source electromagnetic field solver based on the Finite-Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. Fixed substrate parameters were used:
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- Dielectric constant εᵣ = 3.68
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- Substrate thickness = 1.61 mm (aligned with OSH Park's 4-layer prototype service)
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To calculate S₁₁ frequency response curves, each antenna was excited with a Gaussian pulse centered at f₀ = 5.5 GHz with a cutoff frequency fₖ = 4.5 GHz to cover the frequency range of interest, f∈[1GHz, 10GHz].
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From the port data extracted through simulation, the complex amplitudes of the incident and reflected fields were obtained at *N* = 1000 regularly spaced frequencies. The reflection coefficient (S₁₁) was computed as the ratio of the reflected wave (u_ref) to the incident wave (u_inc), converted to decibels:
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$$|S_{11}|_\text{dB}(f_i) = 20\log_{10}\left(\left|\frac{u_{\text{ref}}(f_i)}{u_{\text{inc}}(f_i)}\right|\right),\quad i=1,\dots,N$$
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<p align="center">
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<img src="assets/s11_example.png" alt="Example S11 Frequency Response" width="50%">
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</p>
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<p align="center">
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<em>Figure 2: Example S11 vs. Frequency plot</em>
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</p>
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## Dataset Structure
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Each sample in the dataset contains:
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- **Design Parameters**:
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- `length`: Patch antenna length in mm
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- `width`: Patch antenna width in mm
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- `feed_y`: Feed point position in mm relative to the center of the patch, along the length axis
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- **Frequency Response**:
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- `frequencies`: Array of 1000 frequency points per sample (Hz), ranging from 1 GHz to 10 GHz
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- `s11`: Array of 1000 S11 values (dB) corresponding to each frequency point
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- **Metadata**:
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- `id`: Unique identifier for each sample
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## Citation
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If you use this dataset in your research, please cite:
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```
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@misc{labash2025improvinggenerativeinversedesign,
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title={Improving Generative Inverse Design of Rectangular Patch Antennas with Test Time Optimization},
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author={Beck LaBash and Shahriar Khushrushahi and Fabian Ruehle},
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year={2025},
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eprint={2505.18188},
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archivePrefix={arXiv},
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primaryClass={eess.SP},
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url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.18188},
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}
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```
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