{ "paper_id": "P96-1000", "header": { "generated_with": "S2ORC 1.0.0", "date_generated": "2023-01-19T09:02:38.852690Z" }, "title": "Welcome to ACL96 at Santa Cruz!", "authors": [ { "first": "Aravind", "middle": [], "last": "Joshi", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Martha", "middle": [], "last": "Palmer", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "John", "middle": [], "last": "Lafferty", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "", "middle": [], "last": "Carnegie", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Walter", "middle": [], "last": "Kasper", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Bernd", "middle": [], "last": "Kiefer", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "(", "middle": [], "last": "Dfki", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Steven", "middle": [], "last": "Krauwer", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "David", "middle": [ "A" ], "last": "Evans", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Evelyne", "middle": [], "last": "Viegas", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Boyan", "middle": [], "last": "Onyshkevych", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Itwee", "middle": [ "Tou" ], "last": "Ng", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Hian", "middle": [], "last": "Beng", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Scott", "middle": [], "last": "Miller", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "David", "middle": [], "last": "Stallard", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Robert", "middle": [], "last": "Bobrow", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "", "middle": [], "last": "Richard", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "James", "middle": [ "F" ], "last": "Allen", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Bradford", "middle": [ "W" ], "last": "Miller", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Eric", "middle": [ "K" ], "last": "Ringger", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Owen", "middle": [], "last": "Rambow", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Augusta", "middle": [], "last": "Mela", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Joshua", "middle": [], "last": "Goodman", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Manny", "middle": [], "last": "Rayner", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Mark-Jan", "middle": [], "last": "Nederhof", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "", "middle": [], "last": "Giorgio", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Guido", "middle": [], "last": "Minnen", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Giorgio", "middle": [], "last": "Satta", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "A", "middle": [], "last": "Prosodic", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Doug", "middle": [], "last": "Beeferman", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Stanley", "middle": [ "F" ], "last": "Chen", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Sean", "middle": [ "P" ], "last": "Engelson", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "", "middle": [], "last": "Ido", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Pierrette", "middle": [], "last": "Bouillon", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Mettina", "middle": [], "last": "Veenstra", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Christine", "middle": [], "last": "Doran", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Roderick", "middle": [], "last": "Kay", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Michael", "middle": [], "last": "Strube", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" }, { "first": "Noriko", "middle": [], "last": "Tomura", "suffix": "", "affiliation": {}, "email": "" } ], "year": "", "venue": null, "identifiers": {}, "abstract": "", "pdf_parse": { "paper_id": "P96-1000", "_pdf_hash": "", "abstract": [], "body_text": [ { "text": "On behalf of the Program Committee for ACL96 we are pleased to present you with this volume containing the papers accepted for presentation at the 34th Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, June 23-28, 1996 , at UCSC, Santa Cruz, California. This volume also contains the papers that were selected by the student program committee for presentation at the student poster session.", "cite_spans": [ { "start": 197, "end": 226, "text": "Linguistics, June 23-28, 1996", "ref_id": null } ], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "PREFACE", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "We received a gratifyingly large number of papers (many of them electronically without having to resort to subsequent hard-copy backups), and of unusually high quality. This, of course, made the program committee's job that much more difficult because of the number of papers needing to be read (25 -30 each), but also because of the onerous task of having to choose between many equally interesting and convincing papers. The encouraging response we had to our request in the call for a wider range of papers also resulted in greater demands on the reviewing process, requiring an unusually wide range of expertise. The hard work of the authors and the committee have produced the stimulating document before you, a broad selection of much of the best work in the field.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "PREFACE", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "Special praise goes to our outstanding invited speakers, Mike Tanenhaus and Hiyan Alshawi, who have begun a new precedent by including written versions of their talks in the proceedings. We thank Johanna Moore, the tutorial chair, who put together an excellent slate of tutorial instructors: Alison Cawsey, Larry Fagan, Bonnie Webber, Ido Dagan, Eduard H. Hovy, Kevin Knight, Alex Lascarides, and Ann Copestake, whom we also thank for preparing their alluring and informative tutorials. We are very grateful to Mettina Veenstra and Christy Doran, the student session co-chairs, who ably organized the student poster session. In addition, we are most appreciative of the exemplary job performed by Doug Appelt and Geoffrey Pullum, the local arrangements co-chairs, who have provided us with our delightful \"California\" experience.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "PREFACE", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "Our hard working program committee and the additional external reviewers cannot be thanked too much for the conscientious and painstaking job they performed in reviewing a prodigious number of papers which covered a wide spectrum of topics. They are also to be commended for the professional judgment that they brought to the program committee meeting in Philadelphia which made it such a pleasant experience. Their names, and the names of the student session reviewers, are listed on the following page. In the interests of including a somewhat larger number of clearly acceptable papers, the committee decided to experiment with a new organization format, namely parallel sessions. The ACL executive committee and the next program chair will be very interested in your feedback on these sessions and their organization as well as on the poster sessions organized by the students. We are extremely grateful to Trisha Yannuzzi, who is the one person most responsible for handling the myriad tasks associated with the proceedings preparation, including our successful attempt at automating most of the electronic submissions process, the program committee meeting at the University of Pennsylvania, communications with authors and reviewers, and finally the submission of the proceedings itself to the publisher. She has been very ably assisted by Susan Deysher and by Mark-Jason Dominus, the implementer of our automated submission handler, to whom we also owe a debt of gratitude. In addition we thank the Institute for Research in Cognitive Science and the Department of of Computer and Information Science at the University of Pennsylvania for providing internal financial support for both administrative and technical tasks related to this conference.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "PREFACE", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "Finally, we would like to express our gratitude to Kathy McKeown and Priscilla Rasmussen, who as usual provided the consistent and efficient support and guidance that we have all come to rely on, and to the ACL Executive Committee. 7:00-9:00 7:00-9:00 8:30-12:00 9:00-12:30 2:00-5:30 2:00-6:00 7:00-10:00 8:30-5:00 8:45-9:05 9:05-9:30 9:30-9:55 9:55-10:20 10:20-11:00 11:00-11:25 Health care practitioners and their patients rely on Natural Language. But for health care payers, health care providers' insistence on using Natural Language seems to be a luxury, compared with their using fixed terminologies and non-NL formats. Given the parallel thrusts in health care towards outcomes-based practice and cost reductions, Natural Language may be a luxury that health care payers will reject unless the cost of its use can be reduced.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "PREFACE", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "Efforts to develop and apply NLP techniques to health care delivery have been going on for the past 25 years, many of these efforts initiated and carried out by the health care providers themselves. Over this period, there have been many developments in both computational techniques and NLP research that are applicable to solving the Natural Language needs of health care. This tutorial will provide a review of issues and techniques, including: efforts to codify and link terminologies used in health care; how Natural Language information (\"free text\") becomes part of a patient's record, and input technology that can support it; symbolic and statistical techniques for extracting information from free text; and efforts to customize health care information to the specific needs of individual patients.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "PREFACE", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "Bilingual alignment is the task of identifying corresponding segments in a bilingual pair of parallel texts, where one is the translation of the other. This tutorial will focus on alignment methods that identify correspondences at the word level. The output produced by these methods can be used for searching translation archives and for constructing domain-specific bilingual lexicons of the type needed for human and machine translation and for multilingual information retrieval.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Ido Dagan, Bar llan University", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The tutorial will include a short review of alignment methods and a detailed description of two practical word-level algorithms: 1The word align algorithm by Dagan, Church and Gale, which consists of two components. The first learns a probabilistic bilingual lexicon, based on the IBM statistical translation models l&2. The second finds an optimal alignment using a dynamic programming technique. (2) A version of the pattern-matching DK-Vec algorithm by Fung, which was developed for aligning languages with different alphabets, but is useful for any language pair. The algorithm handles incompatibilities between the two texts, such as skipping sections that appear in one of the texts and are missing in the other.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Ido Dagan, Bar llan University", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "I will describe simple implementations of both algorithms in AWK, and demonstrate them on a pair of documents taken from the ACL European Corpus Initiative CD-ROM. This tutorial focuses on the representation of lexical semantic information, and the links between this and other knowledge resources that are used during text processing. Our ultimate aim is to examine how words can be interpreted effectively in a discourse context. In particular, we consider how lexical processing should integrate and communicate with more open-ended pragmatic reasoning.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Ido Dagan, Bar llan University", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The tutorial will include an overview of several approaches to lexical semantics, including work by Fillmore, Nunberg, Clark, Levin, Pustejovsky, Schiitze, Hobbs, and researchers involved in the ACQUILEX project. We concentrate on linguistic phenomena involving polysemy in various guises, since this is central to both theoretical work and also to the problem of building wide-coverage lexicons for practical work in NLP. We will illustrate the need to represent partial regularities in the lexicon, and discuss some approaches to formalizing defaults which allow for exceptions to lexical generalizations. This discussion will be grounded using examples of representations expressed in the LKB typed default feature structure language. We will examine the interrelationship between syntax and lexical semantics within lexicalist linguistic theories and illustrate some ways in which statistical and symbolic approaches can be effectively integrated. Finally, we will critically assess existing proposals for integrating lexical and pragmatic information.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Ido Dagan, Bar llan University", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "Machine Translation (MT) is one of the oldest large-scale applications of computer science. The need for MT continues to increase: in today's networked world, the need for systems to help humans read documents written in a variety of languages is constantly growing. But despite optimistic predictions in the 60's, and despite the fact that worldwide, over 50 companies perform or sell MT, MT technology is not yet capable of fully automated, high-quality, widedomain performance. Moreover, evaluating systems and measuring the quality of MT remain problematic issues. Still, MT research continues to push the boundaries of the automation-quality-scope continuum. New techniques, such as statistics-and example-based methods, add new capabilities and possibilities to the older linguistics-based methods and theories. This tutorial covers the issues of MT, taking various perspectives and including both the older and the latest theories, techniques, and technology. Course topics include: the history and development of MT, the theoretical foundations of MT, traditional and modern MT techniques, newest MT research, the thorny questions of evaluating MT systems, current MT systems and technology on the market. The lecturers are actively involved in the construction of MT systems and the ongoing activities of the MT world at large.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Eduard H. Hovy and Kevin Knight, USC/lnformation Sciences Institute", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "These proceedings include the extended abstracts for the poster presentations at the Student Session of the 34th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. The goal of the Student Session is to provide a forum for student members to present work in progress, rather than completed work, and to receive feedback from other members of the computational linguistics community, particularly senior researchers. The response to the ACL Student Sessions held during the previous years was very positive. The student authors consistently report that they find the Student Sessions valuable, and answers to questionnaires filled out by ACL members (most recently in 1995) indicate that the audiences find the sessions interesting and of high quality.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "PREFACE TO THE STUDENT SESSION PAPERS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "Last year, a new format was adopted on a trial basis. Instead of brief ten-minute presentations in parallel sessions, student authors had the opportunity to present their work in a special poster session. Answers to questionnaires indicate that this approach is appreciated by a majority of the respondents, although most of the student respondents showed a preference for talks or a combination of posters and talks over posters alone. This year, the poster format will be tried again and then re-evaluated. Thirty-two papers were submitted to the ACL Student Session in 1996 (as compared with forty-eight submissions last year), and we accepted fourteen of these. We thank all the authors for their submissions, and hope that the reviews provide constructive criticism and encourage them in their research.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "PREFACE TO THE STUDENT SESSION PAPERS", "sec_num": null } ], "back_matter": [ { "text": "We thank all of the reviewers for their detailed and often stimulating reviews of the submissions. ", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "TABLE OF CONTENTS", "sec_num": null } ], "bib_entries": {}, "ref_entries": { "TABREF0": { "text": "From Submit to Submitted via Submission: On Lexical Rules in Large-Scale Lexicon Acquisition Evelyne Viegas, Boyan Onyshkevych, Victor Raskin and Sergei Nirenburg Fully Statistical Approach to Natural Language Interfaces Scott Miller, David Stallard, Robert Bobrow and Richard Schwartz A Robust System for Natural Spoken Dialogue James F. Allen, Bradford W. Miller, Eric K. Ringger and Teresa Sikorski BREAK", "html": null, "num": null, "type_str": "table", "content": "
CONFERENCE PROGRAM REGISTRATION RECEPTION SUNDAY EVENING, 23 JUNE MONDAY, 24 JUNE 2:50-3:30 3:15-3:40 3:40-4:20 4:20-4:45 rection 2:50-3:30 3:15-3:40 4:20-4:45 Parsing Algorithms and Metrics Joshua Goodman A New Statistical Parser Based on Bigram Lexical Dependencies Michael John Collins Two Sources of Control Over the Generation of Software Instructions Anthony Hartley and C~cile Paris 12:15-1:45 1:45-2:50 2:50-3:30 3:15-3:40 LUNCH and STUDENT MEMBER LUNCH See separate notice on student member lunch ACL ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING An Empirical Study of Smoothing Techniques for Language Modeling Minimizing Manual Annotation Cost in Supervised Training from Corpora Sean P. Engelson and Ido Dagan TUTORIALS NLP for Health Care Applications Alison Cawsey, Herriot Watt University; Larry Fagan, Stanford University; and Bonnie Webber, University of A Combining Trigram-Based and Feature-Based Methods for Context-Sensitive Spelling Cor-3:40-4:20 BREAK Stanley F. Chen and Joshua Goodman Pennsylvania
Tutorial registration Andrew R. Golding and Yves Schabes Chart Generation 3:40-4:20 4:45-5:10 BREAK
4:45-6:30 Martin Kay STUDENT POSTER SESSION AND RECEPTION 4:20-4:45 Unsupervised Learning of Word-Category Guessing Rules TUTORIAL SESSIONS NLP for Health Care Applications See separate student session program. 5:10-5:35 Evaluating the Portability of Revision Rules for Incremental Summary Generation Andrei Mikheev
Alison Cawsey, Lawrence Fagan, and Bonnie Webber Bilingual Word Alignment and Lexicon Construction Ido Dagan Jacques Robin 4:45-5:10 Linguistic Structure as Composition and Perturbation WEDNESDAY, 26 JUNE 5:35-6:30 Carl de Marcken FREE TIME Parallel Session Ia 9:05-9:30 E~icient Normal-Form Parsing for Combinatory Categorial Grammar 7:00-10:00 RECEPTION AND BANQUET 5:10-6:30 FREE TIME
TUTORIAL SESSIONS Jason Eisner Presidential Address: Oliviero Stock
Machine Translation Eduard H. Hovy and Kevin Knight 9:30-9:55 Another Facet of LIG parsing Pierre Boullier THURSDAY, 27 JUNE
Lexical Semantics: Where Linguistics Meets the Real World Alex Lascarides and Ann Copestake Conference Registration RECEPTION TUESDAY, 25 JUNE Conference Registration OPENING REMARKS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS Higher-Order Coloured Unification and Natural Language Semantics Claire Gardent and Michael Kohlhase A Model-Theoretic Framework for Theories of Syntax James Rogers Noun Phrase Analysis in Large Unrestricted Text for Information Retrieval David A. Evans and Chengxiang Zhai BREAK Parallel Session IIa 9:55-10:20 Parsing with Semidirectional Lambek Grammar is NP-Complete Jochen DSrre 10:20-11:00 BREAK 11:00-11:25 Computing Optimal Descriptions for Optimality Theory Grammars with Context-Free Posi-tion Structures Bruce Tesar 11:25-11:50 Directed Replacement Lauri Karttunen 11:50-12:15 Synchronous Models of Language Owen Rambow and Giorgio Satta Parallel Session Ib 9:05-9:30 Coordination as a Direct Process Augusta Mela and Christophe Fouquer~ 9:30-9:55 High-Performance Bilingual Tez4 Alignment Using Statistical and Dictionary Information Masahiko Haruno and Takefumi Yamazaki 9:05-9:Parallel Session IIb
Morphological Cues for Lexical Semantics Marc Light 9:05-9:30 Resolving Anaphors in Embedded Sentences 9:55-10:20 An Iterative Algorithm to Build Chinese Language Models Xiaoqiang Luo and Salim Roukos Saliha Azzam
11:25-11:50 11:50-12:15 9:30-9:55 Functional Centering Integrating Multiple Knowledge Sources to Disambiguate Word Sense: An Exemplar-Based Approach 10:20-11:00 BREAK Michael Strube and Udo Hahn 11:00-11:25 Pattern-Based Context-Free Grammars for Machine Translation 9:55-10:20 Mechanisms for Mixed-Initiative Human-Computer Collaborative Discourse Koichi Takeda Curry I. Guinn 11:25-11:50 A Polynomial-Time Algorithm for Statistical Machine Translation Dekai Wu 10:20-11:00 BREAK
12:15-1:45 11:00-11:25 A Prosodic Analysis of Discourse Segments in Direction-Giving Monologues Hwee Tou Ng and Hian Beng Lee LUNCH (Student Poster Sessions) 11:50-12:15 SE. MHE. : A Generalised Two-level System George Anton Kiraz Julia Hirschberg and Christine H. Nakatani
1:45-2:50 11:25-11:50 An Information Structural Approach To Spoken Language Generation INVITED TALK Using Eye Movements to Study Spoken Language Comprehension: Evidence for Incremental Interpretation Michael K. Tanenhaus 12:15-1:45 LUNCH Scott Prevost 1:45-2:50 INVITED TALK 11:50-12:15 The Rhythm of Lexical Stress in Prose Head Automata and Bilingual Tihng: Translation with Minimal Representation I-Iiyan Alshawi Doug Beeferman
V viivi
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