{ "paper_id": "J76-1009", "header": { "generated_with": "S2ORC 1.0.0", "date_generated": "2023-01-19T02:50:59.608340Z" }, "title": "NEGATIONS GRAMMATICAL, SEWANTICAL, AND P R A C M A T~C A L", "authors": [ { "first": "William", "middle": [], "last": "Benzon", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "D u r l a n", "location": { "addrLine": "Duke Uniwrsily", "country": "Ncrrh Cardha" } }, "email": "" }, { "first": "David", "middle": [], "last": "Hoffman", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "D u r l a n", "location": { "addrLine": "Duke Uniwrsily", "country": "Ncrrh Cardha" } }, "email": "" }, { "first": "Felix", "middle": [], "last": "Dseizfn", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "D u r l a n", "location": { "addrLine": "Duke Uniwrsily", "country": "Ncrrh Cardha" } }, "email": "" }, { "first": "C", "middle": [ "C" ], "last": "Coldbogen", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "D u r l a n", "location": { "addrLine": "Duke Uniwrsily", "country": "Ncrrh Cardha" } }, "email": "" }, { "first": "E", "middle": [ "C" ], "last": "Chylinski", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "D u r l a n", "location": { "addrLine": "Duke Uniwrsily", "country": "Ncrrh Cardha" } }, "email": "" }, { "first": "Ralph", "middle": [], "last": "Weischedep", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "D u r l a n", "location": { "addrLine": "Duke Uniwrsily", "country": "Ncrrh Cardha" } }, "email": "" }, { "first": "K", "middle": [ ":" ], "last": "Tfmlora", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "D u r l a n", "location": { "addrLine": "Duke Uniwrsily", "country": "Ncrrh Cardha" } }, "email": "" }, { "first": "Yhrr", "middle": [ ")" ], "last": "Der", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "D u r l a n", "location": { "addrLine": "Duke Uniwrsily", "country": "Ncrrh Cardha" } }, "email": "" }, { "first": "Edward", "middle": [ "F" ], "last": "Kellcj", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "D u r l a n", "location": { "addrLine": "Duke Uniwrsily", "country": "Ncrrh Cardha" } }, "email": "" }, { "first": "North-Hollcrnd", "middle": [], "last": "Linguistic", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "D u r l a n", "location": { "addrLine": "Duke Uniwrsily", "country": "Ncrrh Cardha" } }, "email": "" }, { "first": "", "middle": [], "last": "American Elc", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "D u r l a n", "location": { "addrLine": "Duke Uniwrsily", "country": "Ncrrh Cardha" } }, "email": "" }, { "first": "Er", "middle": [], "last": "W C R York", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "D u r l a n", "location": { "addrLine": "Duke Uniwrsily", "country": "Ncrrh Cardha" } }, "email": "" }, { "first": "", "middle": [], "last": "Elsevier", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "D u r l a n", "location": { "addrLine": "Duke Uniwrsily", "country": "Ncrrh Cardha" } }, "email": "" }, { "first": "Exrtrpfo", "middle": [], "last": "Medics", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "D u r l a n", "location": { "addrLine": "Duke Uniwrsily", "country": "Ncrrh Cardha" } }, "email": "" }, { "first": "/", "middle": [], "last": "Nor! H-Holland", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "D u r l a n", "location": { "addrLine": "Duke Uniwrsily", "country": "Ncrrh Cardha" } }, "email": "" }, { "first": "P", "middle": [ "0" ], "last": "Tlox", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "D u r l a n", "location": { "addrLine": "Duke Uniwrsily", "country": "Ncrrh Cardha" } }, "email": "" }, { "first": "I", "middle": [ "I" ], "last": "Amsrrrdenr", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "D u r l a n", "location": { "addrLine": "Duke Uniwrsily", "country": "Ncrrh Cardha" } }, "email": "" }, { "first": "Tlk", "middle": [], "last": "Neilkrlo~ds", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "D u r l a n", "location": { "addrLine": "Duke Uniwrsily", "country": "Ncrrh Cardha" } }, "email": "" }, { "first": "D", "middle": [], "last": "Bcrgetan", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "D u r l a n", "location": { "addrLine": "Duke Uniwrsily", "country": "Ncrrh Cardha" } }, "email": "" }, { "first": "", "middle": [], "last": "Burkt", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "D u r l a n", "location": { "addrLine": "Duke Uniwrsily", "country": "Ncrrh Cardha" } }, "email": "" } ], "year": "", "venue": null, "identifiers": {}, "abstract": "By eramining t h e comunicative speech a c t yerlormed with an utterance, a comprehensive model f o r the generation or fundamental frequency contours can b e derived. Each utterance i s considered to have propositional, interpersonal, and d i s c o u r s e function, and t h e model shows how each of these determine a relation between the underlying syntax and semantics, and t h e surface fundamental frequency. The underlying performative and proposition control the basic contour shape, which is then perturbed by markers of the speaker's attitude toward t h e propoeition and the choice of focus-shifting transformations. The interpersonal function is supplied by modal operators which indicate t h e speaker's attachment t o t h e truth-value ~f the proposition, and we show how rnodals and t h e i r scope are realized in the fundamental frequency contour The u s e of focus-shifting transformations to achieve discourse effects i s a l s o s t r o n g l y marked by p i t c h movements, and these are characterized f o r a wide range of transformations. All of these e f f e c t s are shown t o be essential f o r a comprehensive model o f p i t c h c o n t o u r s .", "pdf_parse": { "paper_id": "J76-1009", "_pdf_hash": "", "abstract": [ { "text": "By eramining t h e comunicative speech a c t yerlormed with an utterance, a comprehensive model f o r the generation or fundamental frequency contours can b e derived. Each utterance i s considered to have propositional, interpersonal, and d i s c o u r s e function, and t h e model shows how each of these determine a relation between the underlying syntax and semantics, and t h e surface fundamental frequency. The underlying performative and proposition control the basic contour shape, which is then perturbed by markers of the speaker's attitude toward t h e propoeition and the choice of focus-shifting transformations. The interpersonal function is supplied by modal operators which indicate t h e speaker's attachment t o t h e truth-value ~f the proposition, and we show how rnodals and t h e i r scope are realized in the fundamental frequency contour The u s e of focus-shifting transformations to achieve discourse effects i s a l s o s t r o n g l y marked by p i t c h movements, and these are characterized f o r a wide range of transformations. All of these e f f e c t s are shown t o be essential f o r a comprehensive model o f p i t c h c o n t o u r s .", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Abstract", "sec_num": null } ], "body_text": [ { "text": "America Journal of Computationd Liqp.i~tiCS Microfiche 42 : 9", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The t e n t a t i v e rules for s e l e c t i o n o f material and the t e n t a t i v e subject catcgorics used to classify it are about to d i s a p p e a r .", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "C U R R E N T B I B L I O G R A P H Y", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The number of members responding t o t h i s y e a r ' s directory c a l l i s more t h a n 100; t h e number o f categories checked p e r member is so large as to signify a misfit between t h e categories and the members' s e l f descriptions. A cluster analysis is being made in an informal way; t h e cluster$ will be adopted as new subject headings, replacing o r e x t e n d i n g t h e p r e s e n t system.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "C U R R E N T B I B L I O G R A P H Y", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The new categories will a p p e a r in t h e index to be delivered in a b o u t a month and in the n e x t issue of The Finite String. hlr.r;~rr hic.~l J w u~~~c n t sz,lrch, and dcrisio~i aid,. 7 11c 1;1d rut11h1 n r s a 1!;1pcsib11 111utlc1 with t l~c ol~lpal froin :lutunuttr pdrwrg ~l n 0 '~CIIIJRI/C ~nillyiis. ", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "C U R R E N T B I B L I O G R A P H Y", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "Based on an equivalent circuit rcpres~~llntion of thc production n~cchiinis~n f~r the voiceless fricative co~lronCnls i s / and /sh/ (cn Japanese), a n~odel is dcrivcd for rl~eir freyue~~cy spectra up to 5 kH7. Using 60 words of CV and CVC type containing these consunnlits, spectra werc obtained and measured and found to agree with the model, sllg&esti~~g the use of the rnwiel for aulomatic; recognilion. ", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Annual D~tilrifn, R~s e u r c L Instirule of Logopcdics und Pltoniurrics, Clnivcrsicy of Tokyo, 9 A T J -l l 6 , 1975", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "Based on the analysis of fornlntlt transitiorlr i n natural spcach, s j nlhctic speech stimuli )bere grncrnted with various valucs of magnitude. rare. and duration of furn~ilnt transitions. Discrirninntion tesrs of dynamic and stniic S t i n~u l i indichtcd 'Ihe existence of perceptual c~tragolation that under1 ies fortliar1 t transitions. Rcsul ts or discriniiriation tests o n n o w speech stiri~uli witti sin~ilar: furiil;~nt transitions suggested that Lhe e~trap~jli~tion uas to 3 large extent auditory, and thus W~S not specific tu perception. of speech stiniuli. On the other ht~nd, identification tests of dynamic and static spwh stin~uli clearly indicated the short-term content effect, in perception of connected scgnirnts, which *as quantified as the tlniount of temporary shift i n the threshold for phoneniic judgnient due to perception o f the immediately prrcodirig segment. Imprlccrt wund squeum which hnvc bcen rw~gt~iled oil the basis of physical reclturcs ore iransformnl i n t~ a variety of pwihlc character seqllencrr. 7'he i:~tter are then transf~m~ed inm a va,rSc\\y df paihlc chrrwer seque~~a\"~. The I a~~e r are the11 trar~sfvrnlclj inlv word ,squcnca G h~h arc then a~djusted for sentence slructure. This proms elirnintltcs sequences which do n c~ satisfy the rules of syntax. In cornpuler sirnulotion oS this system, the input wund sequence were unclear weather forecasts ( A methad of estiruaring the spvwh spectrum cnvrlopc employs the Fourier transfornl of th,e irnpi~lsc response h(r 1 of the filter obtnincd by solving Wiener's inverse filter problem.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Speech Stimuli", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "Noling that if r is made sufficiently large the inipulsc response mnvergrs toward arra, the authors have considered expaasion of U r ) in terms ~f 3. system of di~rnpd oscillating orthoconel functions (a modulated Fourier system). 1 his system pcmmi ts representation of featuFes with fewer terms than are needed with Focricr tmnsforrns, imd feature patterns havinp ploes can be obtained in the same innnller as formants. Effectiveness o f ihc proposed method is considered with respec1 to implementation on equipment which can use pnrallel processing in extraction. ", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Speech Stimuli", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The study was limited to El~glish vowels spoken in sentences and concentrared on a qcclrch for ehsx f~ailfwes which are speaker invariarns* An ahlonlatic formant tracker was implemented ro rdumthe data rate from 10,001) to I6QO. bytes pcr second and 1. 0 provide an accurate i~adicarion QT the formant frequencies and pitch frequency. The reduced forn~mt and pitch data were rhcn plolteci versus time. Errch speaker's char;lcterisrics were calrultlkd by taking the srnple average and sanaple variance of his formant frequencies. The nornulized [aimant frquencia were used 3s features in a recagnition algorithm, appricd t~ fhe original vowel data and tzJ an indc'pendent set of vswel data. Significantly towca erscar rates are achieved for 13 spa kc^' YQWC~S. In ordw to rwopni~e handwritten charscters a new t y p e o f pc\\tkrn nlnlchii~g tethtrigtic is used which depends-on the hypothtsis that pitlicrns art a 'ht11r3 of ~1 3 h t l c hxf,y. Witllln thi5 liyputhais, distsnw bctul.c.11 two pazwrns is defined i 3 3 111c m i n j m u n~ uf suarls 044 rhz internal energy of the elastic b~d i c s arid ihc misntstr-hing quanta tics. Dynaniic progr;4n1l~lirig i.c used in armrnp1ic)l the rninin~~rnlion. The patterns are pre.sented on 20 h) 20 lattice wints. In '~fw SI?! systenr, km~ulcdge fruttr ta~ious sQurr.es fgramrt3,ar and xn~antics* w~s l d n % d~l , user slid discourst i~~odrls. ;~ruus~ic-phonetir data) i~ wrdinated by tl '%at-First\"' p r s r r t o predict the sequence of \\rrcgwrds in an ~rttrr:~nc~, and ivotel [l\"utioiion~--prt~g~arn tR1at represent acwu5\"1ic charar~eristies uf n wsrd--are used to tesl Ihe prtdiciiuns DAM on the sjsteial's performance are presented and dissus5:ed. k n~~~~?~u~i~~u l i o~t ,~f~~r . f f~~:~f l d t ? )I EARSAY opcrares in tPc microworld of voi~y-chess. Ka~w!cdge f rvrii ac.csustic. syntactic and semantic sources i s used to pencrillc hypotheses nboul thc incuming speech signid, tl~ereby rrstricrrng the search spa--r. Glvcn that a word such as \"c~plures\" or \"t;llcsW appears in the ptlrtlal sentcn,ct hypaLbals, this kngwlcdge call be used to restrict thc scarch to the capture m a w in that bu;ird psition. Jhe gnnlmar is corlrext free. The parser is 3 modified topdown parser and u'xs antiproductions (giving :ill contexts for every s) mhul s p p t i~r i n g in the grammar) in parsing backwards and forwards. Phonemic description is used fur mapping words in the 31 item leximq onto segments of the inconling utterance. At the ptlor~elnic level. charactcrislih o i the phonemes, rulcr for pred~cting n~issirig and exna seglncnls in relaxed speech, jitncture rules and rules that distinguish between pairs of phonen~es, are available to the system. Knowiedge of allophonic variability and speaker variability are also dKd. A detaiied discussion o i one example (\"Bishop to Queen knight three\") is given. A Brie? on Case C a m a n thc4ew M~~Y C I )~ nrprilncnts ran k related la J. pnMicak i.iryuishic kbtka (maoin6 n n be factored into nwaning of p~xticatc an$ 04' pse: &emmining *kn nQunmnts m y appear i~r wrrsce strr~ctuse; orderlt~y argttt~~enls) ~\\rcI:y @,mar in Ai'; r k ~~W F O am notszlinnal prublcn~s., \\:~k of sawall tic derinlilioms ct.T easa and tcpat*ntlrtans twl far f~o m sqrrcrce structure, Sttlw\\intl rtxrriciiwns can be stated ivilh%wt eases so can iin~plid ", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [ { "start": 1697, "end": 1746, "text": "k n~~~~?~u~i~~u l i o~t ,~f~~r . f f~~:~f l d t ?", "ref_id": null } ], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Mlcrofr'lms, Ann Arbcar, A[ichigan. No, 75-1339, PC $Ir1,00/P\"tlF t -% s O Q", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "s y [ i a l rircclit is d,aipnd ahLh is prrtsrd d two facullia d re~utving and conrraSi:mg p i r~u r s The usefulness of the cirruii in tlrc recxqgnit\\un of hndvir~ttm Chlnlcse c h a m is ~ested by rvnlputcC simulo\\ion. A technique for tpnurrt~ng the analog inf'~+rma~iun-pNnai% system into a dipilal informht~on-prwess~ng s)s,trrn by m u n s of ~h c 'Fwrin inn,sl-ia fur addiiivc operators is explained.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "", "sec_num": null } ], "back_matter": [ { "text": "A rhrct Icvol n~ndel of' Iangwge t3hicb has an affinity to lbn~jh\"s Stratift,~t~~mat Gmmmait. (though tmnrtarm;ltiat~s arc used in tt~z sj%rtnrJ, is abed ra write a stw), l . h t inp~~r. data consists uT: 1) n list of' p a n i c i~n l s (e*. Ccailgv* riyh pwty. Gmrpe'r npxtmcnr, c k h 2) a list of' rrlatiocls (ta* in, dislikes. jru~lnwt, c t~, )~ 3' 1 a Qiktcntnrt d rlosss fntm, raMt& etch 4 ) the ntlrib~rtm aF ihe hrrrnan participaltrts ( b i d , I\\ntiaz~, sexy, etlr,) ; Sf pttrlwiiliw~s fiti@e%) about thc ht~rnw~n prlitit'itk!l'lts (Gcntyt likes niuhtctub, I[jmr&t t,s in O'skIl@~E@n& rtc,], am4 $3 a nt or prohlistilic r o l e for rncratine plm tpis%~ics\\. such as cnrjtity mote a patty, @?ttin(l drunk, elc. The l i s t five Pasts def irau. initial ctl;ki\\d;rti~lr~s a11d ahe list. On the Syntactic Structures of Urnrestricted Grammars: 11. Automata IvrJ\"cl~rrta~isn and Crwtayol 2P:B Jr 'O l,. 197.5 We define 3 gcncmlimtion of the finile slrk ncccptcm fur derivar~on st ticturn and Tor phrase str11cture3. Crorrtspondrng to 1h.e Chanisky hierarchy d gnnlmtrs, there is a hienrrhy o f acceptors. slid for bbth kinds o f slructurm. the type 2 n;ccplors are tree nutomot& for i = 0,1,2,3. the sets ~f structures recognized by the type i acceptors art: just the sets t~f p r~j~t c U l n s oP the structures of (he i y p i grammars. and CtR: languages of the tjpe i scepters are just the type Ianpugrs. Finally. we prove th3i the set o f syntactic structure of recursively enumerable janguaga i s recursive.", "cite_spans": [ { "start": 442, "end": 474, "text": "( b i d , I\\ntiaz~, sexy, etlr,)", "ref_id": null }, { "start": 898, "end": 910, "text": "'O l,. 197.5", "ref_id": null } ], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "A Program for Generating Reports on the Status aaxl Hklory of StochasH~~kSy Modifiable Sen~an~tic Models of Arbitrary' Universes", "sec_num": null }, { "text": ",4rttiin C+tchwr\\, and Sqnruur G';insh,crg I(ar rcr tity (I] ,Yurrilri#rtl ('cllrfirrtrrcr, Los A H~C I C S lnitrn~rl j ('cln~pcctcr and .Sysro~l t$cicnccr l /:X6-l 17. 1975 A \"gramntnr forlrr\" prc>\\tdcs tlvr g~t\\cri\\l slritcturc of the prtducr ion5 i 11 t l~e gri\\ml11ats to hc drr11,c.d ;in4 ,,ln \"~nterprcl,trrt)n\" )irld\\ a syrc~fic I(r,?mnl,lr, h fs1111ly 01' gti~ti\\nlurs is fortncd con\\idcr~ng all ~n~crprcr:~~irvlir rift 3 fornl. and ncpstive itvitaraces talf a cotn~c~plt rare a~wn.i& 3r;;l bc iW by a amj I~terds i n the pred~carc calculus, with krms iln~hed tw c~n s t a n t s and umiw' txdEy vari:iblcs. A graph rrprrvntatlon of .cunjunct~a~ri t3$ literals. calked a \" P T L~E U S O \"~ discrimil~ation splinst ncgatjwnc instancw T h i s is acru~nplrrhed by qn induction; ilihich operates on I& product ~r z a~h Form of that p c~~~f~i l t ' i :and negat~\\rt i n~.~n i e r s 3 %~ corrcctiitss of the prtrccdure i s p r~~c i r l , together \\kith s \\ s r~l rrlrled rmul.t% alf direct p signific:rnre, T h e ga;ll is 3 furn~al 1 The notlun of a hierarchy of abstract machines leads to n drll;~ bosc interface wgnnized on four levels: 1) At the ?err.> ordcr i s an uhstrnct ninchirle uhich dvtertninrs which among available sof twnre packages is the most suitable. (Siriuc hardware and Software were already dctcrniined for us, the zero order consists of illclppings froni 1st order to Eltcildcd ALGOL).2) The first order is a set thcoretic machine with rectrrsive control ivRich dues the data nranipulation.3) The set theorellc niachine i s niapped into a n;ltural language machine (German) whose grammatical categories arc essentially sertii~ntic and, 4) the third ordcr machine is specification of the NL for a particular application (in this case, Pharmacology). ", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Cantext-Free Gram8mar Forms", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "Karl l1:lkw", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "A n~~t q r r l i i r r r s~~~t~t * , g l i r i r k r i t r~l vurr t r i r t : it9 A / r~r l t~~r t r~t \"~r~ E~I~~~~~I I Q I~O U S S~~S I~I I~C \"~? : I . ANI-vcrri1rtrrgc.1~ in Dri~crrhtrtrksjls/erttcn", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The f orrn of Petri nets (hlatl.icnintical Fb~ir~di\\ tiuns o f Cotr~puter S,cients, tl igti Tatra, ,1973); processes: previous applications: data-ban k problcnis: fenrure analysis. relat ivnal systcnrs, DlAM: concurrent pructsscs. The Tutor accesses s dwuniera tat ion (or Help) data Base which ran rains n~ullilcvel. drtscriptiorls far every \"semantic cniity'\" used in the interface betiwan the service and fhe user These descriptions are expandable with respect to the anlount and r).pe of infarmalion presented, as well as with respect to the user's lcvel of psufiuierlry arid experience. as i n d i g t e d by ; 1 User Profile. The Tutor also provides a facility for on-line mlnpw~er-aided instruction. It can be in'voked espJicii/y by tiie user's reyucst Far help, or by the Command Language Processor and User Monitor in response to unrecognized curnmands, inefficient operation, or error conditions. I t ' i l~y r& SOW, f 1975; t,o.t-r,t~: tsnr3' o 471 rfivof -1' HC S/O.SO h large *orJ ssr~cialion s t t r w r k (84110 sli~~n~lus .words. SS.000 ~~r~l c t ) is s\\orr.d as n dircctcd lincar ~r a p h with 1;lbellcd The volume ir~cludcs: a wurd fteyuonoy dictionar)+ i n descending order, an inder w r h r u r n , a t p h n b e t i~~~l l y st1ste.J by nui~ns, verbs,, etc n\\\\d their furn!s, and a lir\\e conce~rdnnee (on microfiches) keyed ta a text of Ct~patiidc which is repruduved in rhe wolunte. I t also provides an in~ru~duutivn dacrfbing and interpreting the quan~iti~tjve data by rnesris uf ~h i c h nunlwriual tables and charts were cstablis11c.d. Also inclzided is a good size hibtiagr:l,ph?c. on", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [ { "start": 907, "end": 1068, "text": "I t ' i l~y r& SOW, f 1975; t,o.t-r,t~: tsnr3' o 471 rfivof -1' HC S/O.SO h large *orJ ssr~cialion s t t r w r k (84110 sli~~n~lus .words. SS.000 ~~r~l c t )", "ref_id": null }, { "start": 1072, "end": 1125, "text": "s\\orr.d as n dircctcd lincar ~r a p h with 1;lbellcd", "ref_id": null } ], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Gerrtrany D i p l o r t~t~ thesis, jlrrrr. 19T5", "sec_num": null }, { "text": ")", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Formal Description of a Result-oriented Data Manipulation Language kcjrrnctIr IJr.tc.lrrt*rhrrng c i r~r r r t 8~u I r t r~o r r c n~i e r r c r r I)citt~ltlttl!i(!I~r~l~~ll~~~s~", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "A Question-Answering System for Elenmen tary Mathametics SOPHIE: A Ste'p -Towa,rd Creating a Reactive Learning Environment SOPHlE corrsists of: 1) A sinrulator proprnm nioJ.eling r \"pitee uf krtuwlrJge\"--in this rase an eleclrvnjc i~~strumcnt to bc tlwd in teaching t.1wtrunic truut~le-shwting. 2) A s.et of hypothesis evalui~tion pru.ccdures alluwirig the con.rpirter to chcck the uunsi>tcncy of a hypothesis sugsestcd by the student against tlae rneasurrnients thc sti~derit has taken. 3) A set of hypothesis penerlt~iurr pruccdures alluwing SOPHIE, in response tu ;I requusl for help, to suggest liypsthcscs wtiiclr wou1d:explain the nlensilrcnwnts thc s\\wclr.rit has taken su far. 2) and 3) nls~kc extensive use of the si~nul:ltor pills numerous prucedurr~l specit~Lisrs it l o p -d o~n (goal urientcd), context-free, ffuuy parser which rn,ikes predlctiuns on rhc hsis uf semantic categories alluws Curnrtiunicatitln utittr SOPHIE in nclturnl 1;lng~rrgc. Ariaphvric reference and ellipsis can be handled. infer H l~n t a 9trtJctri in'eiln3, based or1 a curnpl~tc illicrwrr iclll arviiot~. n t~d rt.i~,nd rspprgrpr ~arcly, 7 he rr.ru52rny prtjgrarnr sslr be jasr~~c%%td tlittlt~plr the At< 1% ne\\watrk, from incalm lele Know ledge; Semi -onu'ol Repart, -34 Jan 7 5 How p p l e urr a varlcry oT pla~vjible. bur uncerlaln. infercj~rs to ilnmer questions about which ibrct kna~lnlyr ir inmn~plctc. Thi% kind of rearonlug is described in terms or how i t is k t n e inlpkintntsd in the SC'I+ULAR/CAI SYSTEM. How peapie cnn he [ought to reason in l h r~ way, using a tic. tutorial r n e r h d implcmunted in rs. system like SCtlQtAR. A robot with a pcrceptur~l and motor sy.stcrra hut with n o pro-pr.c;,granari~r.d linguistic inhrniatirnn car1 acquire language cconlpctence by interacting with a linpuisricslly competent Lrxher. The c~g n i t i v e systrnl consi~ts uf a \\irurld Map (for a restricted 1 an Associator, which mediarcs infurrni~.liiz~n flow anlung uthcr c u i i l v n e n t s wT the. Systerri, a Dictionary, and a Syntr~u C~y s t s l , o new syntactic nnodel which urilizes dependency rcllnrinns and production rules, T h e uonrplete systeni has not jer been ccanip~~ter sinliilnted. ", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "78", "sec_num": null } ], "bib_entries": {}, "ref_entries": { "FIGREF0": { "text": "is so small. a's to r a i s e questions a b o u t the effort expended to provide* bibliographic coverage. After consultation w i t h the Editorial Board, the Editor expects t o terminate coverage-of some areas--unless our handling of t h o s e areas is superior to other a b s t r a c t journals, and our quality c a n be used t o a t t r a c t &ore members quickly., See t h e f o l l o w f n g f r a m e fop = l i s t of subject h e a d i~q s w l t h f r a m e n u m b e r s . Language Analysis: Their Application to Information Retrieval i(pprmri~sngz, d n~l , w irur(wmtiguc dri lungltgr, applicution o lo ducun~cnrutiot~ A. A n d r c t~i l j , C Vluhr, and ilrbtnlnc <*cntrr d'Ii'~udcs ;Vuctc.ctirr*.c, Scrclt~jl, Frctnre I1occtmqnt dc i,lngucxliyccr Clttssrirttriuc, No. 20; h r t s : Dttnod, TYt J, $20.00 A ~ollcc~lon of p;~per\\ rcprting :~sptc~s uf work by the (iroupt' de linptrisliquc autot~~atiquc .at (;'EN-Si~cla): Slriltrpy t \\lr :1 lcerninp pnlpranl fur c~mp\\~~ntitlnpl lillguiat ~cs; tllgoritkins for syn~hair ihg I:rtnrh scn~cncea; A s) h l c n i of d i~c r l l~l i c~i~t i~e al~ul yjiu. m a c l~l~i c illdcring.", "num": null, "uris": null, "type_str": "figure" }, "FIGREF1": { "text": "t t b elups sy sterns (NL ~yslrralr) for dewrlblng h t~m a~l th~nking prwcncs by nieans of natural langu;~gc. h r i c h) porliem g~v i~~g Tor dc.;rr~b~~lg tlllnk in8 prtresscs in innatural language are stated. Ou[lins of whole s)strm cunstructlo~~s and thcir hch;\\viors on these bases are presented. f he fra~c~re of' the NL s!s(cnlb is [ha( they are cvnstructrd ~r o m the standpoint of engineer~ng and. [heref ore, rnany ustf'ul ~ub-sy5tems nlay be cons[rucrcd from these systems. Analysis of htonati~onal Sisgnals by Cohm,pumter SImmuI~1ion 01 P l t c h -P~~~e ! p Z b 'Y, 'Ta kcfutla nrpunttlrnf uf .S'pctmzk (irnmrunirir~rt~n. Ohit9 Stlrrc thtrrrsrrv. (blurnks 4J.?lO Atptrrl TR-IS, Februttty ,EYI'I,; N TIS: d n iifi /n#? EY' SJ.?S/;\\?F $2.25 A computer progtjln b dcrrX~@ to tar=$ lundomntaI Pr b\\ixstl ion chatactcttsSxticx A s~s a 3 p w m n~ wlnabaG(tm rnetdy eu,t~stituen/ units or inltana\\io~~8 ~~t t e t t a A thid watarllr9% anat a l~d idznrif l a pitch patterns b a d UPM(I ilie rqmsiafi, onnal b* ub pztMn tmlura Automatic Verification of Hypothesized PI.l~otm)mfic StdRgs i tn C o l n t i~n~s Speech A parser (~% h 3'0 rtwrttc rule?;) prdicts a set of'. px~iblc words ilxiudinp inii,id vro& froan a vocabulary of 160 words. A len~con contains phyncolic spdlinp and apprwim;uc dwmt&O*m times for each phoneme of a word. A phanernir-acumlicnaap@rng p r q n m is mugh scgarent labels: silence: low-amp1 itude. voiced ~o r u n v o c i M Wml-li tr other. Two phonemic locaton (vowels and sononntr and. cm-winan&r) boundaries given by the lexicon to mrch i h r atoustt siring Phoacrngs a t p c d according lo a goodness score which is a funrlion oS 1h.e phanenur's d i s u~mto tbc ~e m~t fixcd boundary and of the class oT the ~h~~~f l K . . in a lrbl uf 21) u l t c n n & & t.k pr able to identify the correct ivurd in fin[ plsct 89% of rehe rime Acoustic Phonetic Research in Speech Understanding I E E L b7+ansttcrids on Ac@jvKs, Speech, The entire dp$pm uset praM~iltic.-si.n~:lntic. oi~d, yumctic inforn)alion to p$optac c;~ndidnte words o\\ ?pt.c.if~c p o i n~ in &F BC~>HS~IC d r~i i n~ whict! :i're.nrcrptcd or rvjc.c\\cd hy thc :~coustic prwcswr. 1l11s ~crifi~i~liop is done in two slapcs, F~rbl, quh 10-1115 S C~~I I S I \\~ is cli~s~~l'icd 3s alir of ten prt;~)itib:r. rli~wS.by d i y~~i~! Pilrcrinp. IT ihc proposed word is consi\\li8t\\t \\v,illl the p;ciler11 of p r i l n i l i l rI;~\\sts, .~~~Llbr corrr\\poi~ding ptli 111 in ihc acousltr atenmi f ur\\l\\er onol~sis done wing IintbF\" v c d l~\\ i v q rotliclp and otllcr d~yitSI fil~t~rs. ' I Rc rgi~llb~or ilris i~q l l y s l s re uard h~ sl'ptnt~,l thc ;l~((\\~stic ~I~t l i\\siricn~ion rillr he te~lorcd Tor tat11 wurd:*d'it'fii.ult s i~n $~~~i s~6 r~ causd hy co;trticuli\\\\ion belwcc~\\ ndj;~ce~i t sot~nds can bc succcs~f'ul l y holvcd Analysis and Recognition of Voiceless Fricative Consonants in Japanese Hiroja I:ujisaki, and Usanru Kunisaki Dcpurtntcrc u f Ncnricol' Enginrering, Furulty 0 f Enginct*ritt,c, trni~crsity u f T~cll vo, Jclpun", "num": null, "uris": null, "type_str": "figure" }, "FIGREF2": { "text": "Algorithm for the Rocoglnition of Handwritten Characters (in Russf an 1 PI.. K. ulf tlu4atskaya A h r ctrusidstatictn cd \\he principlt dirficul~icc cncaunlfrcd in machiac rect~p~tilian of hfiJwnlirn aarwlcn, 41 i s cu!~cl\\lclrJ il,al en a1gur1thm ca~ploy~ng imilgc p:\\rinnletcr ~rtltrn;\\lt~ntiuri wrluld tw k t . A .forn\\nl nnalysiq shows (l~;rt rhc u9c or r t g~/ :~ ~~l j r~l l :~l i t i~\\ i~ prn1,t.i lh6 ftxmgni(~rt~t of' c h~r a s t~r~ witla dirfercr~t :triples or t>rir.nt,~t~atl; the properly, of w i~X t Y d (~r m of o CC~!;IIII stilbll11y in tln trnrittrn~itl dimr.n\\iuns of ;\\ sharncler in a. li~rt n~o)ror p~~i b l c ilic u\\c of ;\\ tc~rtdc dtkluan rule h;~Mul on roml~ariso~l of' ilrc :ma or 311 iii~:\\gc with a standard On-line Character Recognition NT/S: PB-215 87S/t, August 1974 PC Z J , t J / M F ft,Zf Discuw stale-~r-the-art in mopnition of' hand* ritkn ch;lncters. A new rcrofn ition method is devolopnl using a voltage gradient tnbkl for input and clever software for menrial failure e~trxiion. A simulation program is included as an appendix. Context in Word AecogniUofn A; H, I laa.ron, F, M. Hiinnwrr, nnd E. C.. N.ih I h i u v k s r~j trj' Attrss~churrrrr, .brCrrst WRITING: RECOGNITIONChaxacler ReaderAn electro-uptical character re3Jc.r for handw ri tttn t'h;l~acI~rs.", "num": null, "uris": null, "type_str": "figure" }, "FIGREF3": { "text": "System for Au401maUc Syntactic Analysis of Russim Texts NI) rcstrtclicln? rrr irrrpo\\wl on the alnlrlurv fhr utmd stock \\IT the trqrt hnn$mnlymd. w h~t h ts i \\ c h i~~t d hy ~~rrlllci.; of. (2: p~~wlrltatt of' titw il\\l\\vnrritic .$\\srgrrn\\rtrl t l mT Ik ~? r c~i~l~t d t bvai f e~~r~r c s if1 ihr 'new' words, in wir~atkTtc ur tt~haicel k l c . the q>trrn pn~vl\\kr lot iht idcnrif it.,rtltalr of st~mc 857% o f rrlatiur~s ktitwtt wtar4.r. \\YICII sznnpkr tc t t 5 (i~hdt~tvts) QPX? sf G t l c ~dcnuTrtd ~latitrnc ;\\re ciarrec\\. ecglikcht-r Stletit A purely syntactic mn~binatory s)n\\lirsizrr of grilnrm.~tir;llly currett English senknrxs is bi~sed on the hypn~hesis that the sy nthmis process is the inverse uT the analysis process. The ftrrnitllisi~i is sut'ficicntiy gcneral to dcscribc ~t h e r lansu;lge?i. A chapter tlsn1s with its l i w i~s ( e g . smtencc length aud complexity), mnrginollq' ncctp~nble ut~erancrs. rule ~xl'lisions 70 examplei of output are reproduced.", "num": null, "uris": null, "type_str": "figure" }, "FIGREF4": { "text": "scrip is a efiu~ily ( t q~n i t d u~~~c~~L I I , . I I S I T U C I U~~ ~epre$e~~ting 3~\\i1111s p e~r~, r~l l e d i l l rtermly(xd sitclmttim (e.& e;ltiag in a setecrrant). Shhi (Scr~pt Applicr Mcthnnisnr) iandr\"r'ilattd5 31n1t~fi tt~a) tefy )It3~11) on s c~i p f p~ 1,t CPR plrdlrk*r: n shnrl ur n Itnag p:trai?l;lr;7ac af ~h c iirpul %fury. 3 rvnlnlnr) lilt alnry,, ;lnd 11 h l r n qllrslion nnrucrlop progrilrll slid a pnth;ram to iritn$la\\c slorlm .tinto Chinclr. Fach scrlpl is urpaniml anbunt1 u gu;~l (s~rch as INtrnl tlr;\\t Ilns not sull'-col~c~ruct~tI 11loht Of' its h rlowlcdgc--!hroc~glr n cycle ol' i \\~\\~l l~~l i \\ t~t \\ t \\ ill\\J acct+~~rll~od;~\\~o~~--clcr i)id~iirc*\\ d c c~ \\11ldcrstonding1 Itoih Mkrlln ;in11 I4catsa)r deal w~\\ h sea~trtl-lrr~~rd. preprwcwxl ktit)wlet \u00b6gc. SEMANTICS-DISCOURSE: COMR' FFEHENSION Knowledge a'nd Its Represontation in a Speech Understanding System Raj Hcdldy, and Allcn Ncwcll Carncgte-dlrllotr Onivrrsi~y", "num": null, "uris": null, "type_str": "figure" }, "FIGREF6": { "text": "In Al, rht! n~a i~;~ bewrit t $ tr2w tx ftdcil~t.kttt~~ I% inirervnrgiltii~cd,. hl~lltiplc rcprc.icn{otionr are nccded for difrerunt proresscs, pepl!:cps st c~ifrcgc~lt lr.ur.ls, even i f otic is c r 1 1 t ; 1 NO OIIC SCI of prili~lIi~c\\ provide^ ;I clcccni wag lo i l~i l l k alw~ui [hc world. I'attetn ~I , I~L~I I I~is Ii1r)rc 1111port;1t)t 1I1;111 logic, d~iluc'lin~l, 111 pn~c'cdure ctc.tau( itan: 1t111g ch;~i 11s of rc:lnmlng !'ail in A l , he^ findit~g ihill a p r o h l r~i~ hclot~gs 10 a clos\\ \\rrtrll L I I~~~; I \\ I t j p t surc.ced\\. 'I tie a llrrlc 11rohlr111 of gelting Lntu~lcdpe inlo i\\ canonical rrpraCntaiion will be done by,\"coluntec~~\" i f il g o d fornr is prnpo\\ed. O\\+'t t r m spct~ficrrtioi~ i\\tld* \\t.ti~;~t\\ti~ 'cwscs: exr tnpl es. SEIL\"1ANnCS-DISCOURSE: TEXT GRAMMAR Sublanguage Grammar in Science Information Processing NPIP~II .Sager t i n g u i a t r Srting Project, Nrn rurk thiucrsity journcfl of the Atnrlican Society for fnformu/ton Scir~rce 26:10-16, 1975 The li~rralurc o f a science subficld has chhnrncteristie restrictions on lnnpuagc ur.lge shic-11 can hr uwd 10 dcrelop inroriliai~on formals for teri senlenccs in ihc subf'icld. The tent grornnior for the subf~eld uf pharmacology we have investigated has ruur levels: I ) Sitlri nt the bottom of the parses and w1ler.t nourls itllo clasxs on [he basis of co-occurrerzce with verbs and verbs into classes on [he basis of CO-occurrence with nouns. At the bottom level a verb with noun subject mJ noun object i~ an elemenwry sentence. Elcnlentnry sentences may have upemtors un [hem and t h z x oprators jicld 3 more levers. 2) Quantity words as opcroto* 3) Sentence connecting verbs. 4) Verbs with human s u b j e c~ which express the scientist's relation to the events.", "num": null, "uris": null, "type_str": "figure" }, "TABREF0": { "num": null, "html": null, "type_str": "table", "text": "!he first st:igo uf thc rccq!tlitiu~i p ~I(cI'\\", "content": "
!jl , I I I~ t~! , ;I ~C C I I H~I \\ t .~~c LII' .~~\\,\\\\j,is is I I r . A t~\\wnt!l,lln ~\\ p r , , I n C l i 1 of\" 3 0 0 ;~rtr'r.~ncrb of 1x~Ih mraningllll ;lnd &,nbcnx *or& i t I h:w. ~~$ h \"~~r f u r t~~t~, o n i t t i i s I , r ~k i l
" }, "TABREF1": { "num": null, "html": null, "type_str": "table", "text": "", "content": "
brlore heiii~r'r;tinit~~cd: thd weighted stit6 r;;,y h t w e ;Ik ibe41asiS ol rerog~~l~ion. t111 itldev of cr~rreci recogt~itior~ h:ls4$hn drr~tred $ 1 f h i I irrd~\\ithul colnp~~tlcnl.; IN\\' ,bet n f , K t i t r sttctctl. *~ij,,aq~on&@~ki&?l1C
" }, "TABREF2": { "num": null, "html": null, "type_str": "table", "text": "", "content": "
W*?rd
" }, "TABREF3": { "num": null, "html": null, "type_str": "table", "text": "Use of the Static Features of the Local Peaks.in P-cy", "content": "" }, "TABREF4": { "num": null, "html": null, "type_str": "table", "text": "prwcs(sing r~~sbhods for rcl:prcscr~t'ing specclr a r t prescrrkd i113d rri ticall y ri IIIG dtnmnin tertu~irl\\~cs; f'i.erl\\rcncy dumain rs\"t1rcwn~a~ir3~1s; nenl irlear or hrarnotptlic n i o t l~t d i l nt~d f inially Ilncar predictive codi tlg d p t~l l letter' Linguistic Pat tern R~acognailion S y' stgam Lillgvistic rnttxr than naetric rerhnigirz?; rrc rnrptoyed: for @?tkm dvw.ctp@wt am All n.ipn?$ of sysleln d*igm, eopnrii~m\\%hng k~t h ptr-pnxcscbng ara4 fZ~z rrvytlnrcr dnt ft.8~ b r~i t t ihtjsr. u T ~vtcvious linpt~i%tic r)s\\rm% ill\\ ih;lf i t is irair~ablr in rtlq~h thF Gtmt wits$ 813 %Ire trvctrlr rvqtnpn hrcrs, i141 r k;;~ci &II;Z~CA yt\" par%r\" ~f ~I I , f~pllil %ring ta a~q~~t ntx -aqary t t~~r ~la,:f~f bcatintt, t c1%1t\\g hlnnur2n'c nunlrrir ihart~ctcr bra. n rcr~ql\\Ik~nn af 76% a n cllat,ttncJ. t3P itk: 24v&8 uhnr corild be tqrtsiderd %+~d' rnon~tr~~ls.", "content": "
WR\"F*dG: RECOGNITION
correlate \\vlth di$ctl%\\ed: ~~n p l e ~P c J I~\\ iqu~d~, 49 refss c~ r1111~1115111 i11be k e n tc l r k that
I, IU%$ or t i~* e ~o t r l
FEH~8~~NElfCS-PHONOIS)GY: RECOGNITION: SEGMENTATION
" }, "TABREF5": { "num": null, "html": null, "type_str": "table", "text": "WRIT'NG REGI=K3NOptical Charac tet Recog;nition . C., JOZJI. prtht~rcd by op\\icn!! y ~,~il\\?t\\'it\\g ' arsa~;ilr d' sign:11 si~llilnrity nle;lsure showing :I degree oT si 111 i l~~r i t yOT subp i~t e r~~s 311d ~I I C n~aching n~easuh: sl~oaii~e II degree of pt~ssihility of ; \\ O-~a\\tertl. I'hc Kpattern recogni~er decides r K-pattrrtr (a choracrcr] hy using tccognixd O-pu icrnw hntentives) oul10~3tions and are morc likely to be positian dependent whi1.e lexical eulhctions are position free. Associt~tion betu-sen lexical items is subjnkcr to granlmatical influenve leg. adjectives are consistently preceded by a d~e r b s ) an'd wh,ile:the data s\\~ggesl that grsmmstically f rer lexical sets elists, cunsiderabl y morc material will have to be analyzed for collocations in order 10 idenlify them. point i n arialysis when they c;111 be bound. A li.s~ of $11 free variabw in a phr~se and painters to each accurrence of each variable", "content": "
t~~:,\\bcs n thick i at~t'rlrion poiuis (i~llersecriot~s i11ltl c t~d points nT slrlrlcs). ' I llu I p:trrry. f ' l i~l i \\ l e~ i l l $ i~%~igi)eL) at C ; I C~ $ 1 t ;I I I I I~~yhc.cr cctn~t~lati$.e prfi~rity (10.111) ti n~c s t?e product ol' c\\cp r k:xper~n~entali s l e~~t l c r 311d exlr~cts c o~~l p t i t r g r c~r~g~r i r c r ' i s able to c'ctrrrth the p:\\th ~4 t h ihc i t \\hat paiot).
WRITING: SYNTFFESIS
" }, "TABREF6": { "num": null, "html": null, "type_str": "table", "text": "t l~e~~r y hns three dcrcctu: I ) the genem\\itrn or sentences is not n fro111 irsts of sy\\\\cn~i {~f rulcc, 33 i t has little r t l t~i n Tor in~zrel~ces. W lnugr,rJb St1IZ DLU system v is vulncr:~blc tu l l~e s c criticialns; I ) tllc liilgui~lic s)\\teril is conrerv;itive, 2) ! \\world. : u d 1 ) ,uid 11 i\\ >tror~gl)! dedtst live ~IIJ logic;\\lly qlo%ztl, f ttrrc1il\\ I is ~r rot~gly i~t\\LcJ . to h Corn pu tational Uind,is uT ~~r i~t r n Xa~~r ~s.;u~a~p\\iuc\\s: 1) I hc drilnclr). ptal of raglprcknsion ix a1~al.g 10 F u~! I I I C J~~~~I~% *\\x as pl~~ssible. Other tasks, ruth a d~mvzrlng the qnnt;rrt;lc rrtatco~~sh~~\\ are gwtloraed m l y w l m r escllilsl to drndrlonx a k~u t r~e;rairray. 23 An 82Pe@%ta& as n\\s& &Q ert.adcr.;tarl:d tach M*I@~! as % l a as i t is read. 33 t'tmrprckostt2$n onrnrallr nor unlj al~c)mt.zndrnag what PMY k e l~ is likely t o be w a trctt.. 4) T31r vxq%ftis or a re\\[ prnvnG the cln.r i~r irrbdmg", "content": "
I I piit.iidig,a11. Cl~ari~i;tk's ~C I I I~J !~ I , r~i uf i t I !i~~gui\\\\icr !'I-;~IIIC I : 2 ) the r o~~~p c l r c~c c -j ? c r f c~r~i~;~t~c c tlisli~\\rtiot~ t l i~~r y i s s~ipcrr~~*i:~l i 11 t hi\\{ h i 5 ~Q~I I U I I~ are i 11 i t c~)~*~t~-i I c t~~ t c u r geul ri Tr~41 by the inlt~rt~rdt~nn inm%%jry lor c t~~~\\ p u h c n b~n j ()w\\ t r~t .
" }, "TABREF7": { "num": null, "html": null, "type_str": "table", "text": "Contribution to the Simulatibn of Speech Con~lnutdcation", "content": "
S~t t i t~f~t i~r /~~. t UIICI ~r g u~) t e t t i a t i r e '~: q .~d e~~r i p / i m : E~J I lleirrug t u
" }, "TABREF8": { "num": null, "html": null, "type_str": "table", "text": "teat analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quarterly ho8gress Report No. 1, t", "content": "
BUCJ d k r t l r~A , clllti' Ncrv~itrrr r'nc.., SO Aluulr~n J'Erecr, C;irnhrid#e, i\\fd Z Y~~' A C S~~~J tP?!J84\\'olI
g und Pltnne~ik, Uttirersiloel Doitti, Gern?nny
C o n tell ts Amur\\ic phupctics. kxical reltlev;~l. Ic.tic;lT t~rrilication. an# fitura\\-languaix rylrtax, tr~r~;~ntics,, and pr:lgtlii~til?i. P 1: UtieT srirvry of progress in thc h t l~ idwl rcvalpa,n\\;ntr u T the proi~j\\*.\\. Parr 2: l'dkhnicat n6tr.s cwntat nilrg dsli.illnl qwca tic.lriuas trT ctycrisrtnis dcrlgll s r t d~t~. ~u 4 utrrrc .%ppnrprr;tK xuppvhlrg cE.rt~ and pcrt'ormzd, pR)gtillas i i n~l c a~c n t d , ;~ppcndices,
" }, "TABREF9": { "num": null, "html": null, "type_str": "table", "text": "", "content": "
C'hrnt*grc-Alt+llon Univcrsit,~
rJVTI,9: AD/A-DO4 33 115, April '1 974, 29 1p, PC* s a . t v n t F* ~2 . 2 5~
I he asrinri1at)
SEMANTICS-DI'SCOIWIRSE: MEMORY
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