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    "paper_id": "D14-1000",
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        "body_text": [
            {
                "text": "Welcome to the 2014 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "Preface by the General Chair",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "The EMNLP conference series is annually organized by SIGDAT, the Association for Computational Linguistics' special interest group on linguistic data and corpus-based approaches to NLP. This year the conference is being held from October 25, 2014 (Sat.) to October 29, 2014 (Wed.) in Doha, Qatar.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "Preface by the General Chair",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "In the past five years, the EMNLP conference attendance has been continuously growing, reaching just over 500 paying attendees in 2013, and it is nowadays considered as one of the leading conferences in Computational Linguistics and Natural Language Processing.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "Preface by the General Chair",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "Given the growing trend, we believed it was the right time to lead EMNLP into an organization structure typical of large and important conferences. Therefore, we proposed several novelties: first of all, a large organization committee consisting of twenty (plus twenty-six area chairs) well-known members of the ACL community, who carried out several tasks required by the new achieved scale.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "Preface by the General Chair",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "Secondly, as this is the first conference edition spanning five days, in addition to six workshops, we also selected and included for the first time an excellent selection of eight tutorials. We defined a registration policy that allows the participants to attend any of the tutorials and workshops (held on October 25th and 29th) by just paying a low flat rate on top of the registration fee for the main conference. We believe this can greatly increase the spread of advanced technology and promote a unified view of the techniques and foundations of our research field.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "Preface by the General Chair",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "Thirdly, as a standalone conference, EMNLP required the definition of new administrative procedures and policies, regarding sponsorship booklets, double submission, scholarship assignment, and the joint EACL-ACL-EMNLP call for workshop proposals.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "Preface by the General Chair",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "Next, EMNLP is finding new ways to foster the dissemination of research work by facing the increasing number of papers to be presented at the conference. Our new approach consisted in presenting posters in nine sessions each proposing a small numbers of papers: this way poster presentations can receive the space and consideration that they deserve. Then, we are adding a surprise in terms of paper presentation and dissemination, which will be unveiled only few days before the start of the conference.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "Preface by the General Chair",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "Finally, this is the first time that an ACL conference is largely supported by a government research foundation. The Qatar National Research Foundation (QNRF) has included EMNLP 2014 as one of its local funding events. This enabled EMNLP and SIGDAT to perform unprecedented student scholarship support: more than 30 students were sponsored (partially or entirely) for participating in the conference. The obtained funds also allowed for offering a social dinner free of charge to all the attendees and still closing the conference budget in active, thus creating additional resources that SIGDAT can use to support the upcoming conferences.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "Preface by the General Chair",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "The novelties above as well as the traditional activities that the EMNLP conference series proposes to its members could not have been organized without the work of our large committee. In this respect, I would like to thank our PC co-chairs Walter Daelemans and Bo Pang, who greatly used their large experience with program committees of our community for selecting an excellent program.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "Preface by the General Chair",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "Special thanks go to our publication chair Yuval Marton, who did a terrific job in organizing and preparing the proceedings. As a side effect of his proactive action, workshop organizers and future publication chairs using the SoftConf START/ACLPUB systems can now streamline the inclusion of workshops and conference schedules in the proceedings, without heavy manual customization.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "Preface by the General Chair",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "We are very grateful to Enrique Alfonseca and Eric Gaussier for selecting interesting and successful workshops and to Lucia Specia and Xavier Carreras, who, for the first time, carried out the new task of selecting tutorials for an EMNLP conference. The workshops and tutorials nicely filled the additional two days of EMNLP, making our conference even more valuable.",
                "cite_spans": [],
                "ref_spans": [],
                "eq_spans": [],
                "section": "Preface by the General Chair",
                "sec_num": null
            },
            {
                "text": "Many thanks are due to Katrin Erk and Sebastian Pad\u00f3, who were challenged by the new activity (for EMNLP) of defining policy for the selection and assignment of participation scholarships to the most deserving students. The uncertainty over the final amount of funds and their diverse nature made this task particularly difficult. Nevertheless, they were able to find appropriate and successful solutions. ",
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                "section": "Preface by the General Chair",
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                "raw_text": "Sunday, October 26, 2014 (continued) Session 1b: Discourse, Dialogue and Pragmatics 10:30-10:55 Identifying Argumentative Discourse Structures in Persuasive Essays Christian Stab and Iryna Gurevych 10:55-11:20 Policy Learning for Domain Selection in an Extensible Multi-domain Spoken Dia- logue System Zhuoran Wang, Hongliang Chen, Guanchun Wang, Hao Tian, Hua Wu and Haifeng Wang 11:20-11:45 A Constituent-Based Approach to Argument Labeling with Joint Inference in Dis- course Parsing Fang Kong, Hwee Tou Ng and Guodong Zhou 11:45-12:10 Strongly Incremental Repair Detection Julian Hough and Matthew Purver Tuesday, October 28, 2014 08:00-17:00 Registration 08:00-09:00 Refreshments Plenary Session 09:00-09:05 Best Paper Award Bo Pang and Walter Daelemans 09:05-09:30 Language Modeling with Power Low Rank Ensembles Ankur P. Parikh, Avneesh Saluja, Chris Dyer and Eric Xing 09:30-09:55 Modeling Biological Processes for Reading Comprehension Jonathan Berant, Vivek Srikumar, Pei-Chun Chen, Abby Vander Linden, Brittany Harding, Brad Huang and Christopher D. Manning 10:00-10:30 Coffee Break Session 7a: Semantics 10:30-10:55 Sensicon: An Automatically Constructed Sensorial Lexicon Serra Sinem Tekiroglu, G\u00f6zde \u00d6zbal and Carlo Strapparava 10:55-11:20 Word Semantic Representations using Bayesian Probabilistic Tensor Factorization Jingwei Zhang, Jeremy Salwen, Michael Glass and Alfio Gliozzo 11:20-11:45 Glove: Global Vectors for Word Representation Jeffrey Pennington, Richard Socher and Christopher Manning 11:45-12:10 Jointly Learning Word Representations and Composition Functions Using Predicate-Argument Structures Kazuma Hashimoto, Pontus Stenetorp, Makoto Miwa and Yoshimasa Tsuruoka xliv Tuesday, October 28, 2014 (continued) Session 7b: Information Extraction 10:30-10:55 Combining Distant and Partial Supervision for Relation Extraction Gabor Angeli, Julie Tibshirani, Jean Wu and Christopher D. Manning 10:55-11:20 Typed Tensor Decomposition of Knowledge Bases for Relation Extraction Kai-Wei Chang, Wen-tau Yih, Bishan Yang and Christopher Meek 11:20-11:45 A convex relaxation for weakly supervised relation extraction Edouard Grave 11:45-12:10 Knowledge Graph and Text Jointly Embedding Zhen Wang, Jianwen Zhang, Jianlin Feng and Zheng Chen Session 7c: Sentiment Analysis and NLP Applications 10:30-10:55 Abstractive Summarization of Product Reviews Using Discourse Structure Shima Gerani, Yashar Mehdad, Giuseppe Carenini, Raymond T. Ng and Bita Nejat 10:55-11:20 Clustering Aspect-related Phrases by Leveraging Sentiment Distribution Consis- tency Li Zhao, Minlie Huang, Haiqiang Chen, Junjun Cheng and Xiaoyan Zhu 11:20-11:45 Automatic Generation of Related Work Sections in Scientific Papers: An Optimiza- tion Approach Yue Hu and Xiaojun Wan 11:45-12:10 Fast and Accurate Misspelling Correction in Large Corpora Octavian Popescu and Ngoc Phuoc An Vo Tuesday, October 28, 2014 (continued)",
                "links": null
            },
            "BIBREF263": {
                "ref_id": "b263",
                "title": "Xing Improved Decipherment of Homophonic Ciphers Malte Nuhn, Julian Schamper and Hermann Ney Cipher Type Detection Malte",
                "authors": [
                    {
                        "first": "Chong",
                        "middle": [],
                        "last": "Wang",
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                    },
                    {
                        "first": "Bryan",
                        "middle": [],
                        "last": "Routledge",
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                    },
                    {
                        "first": "Noah",
                        "middle": [
                            "A"
                        ],
                        "last": "Smith",
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                    },
                    {
                        "first": "P",
                        "middle": [],
                        "last": "Eric",
                        "suffix": ""
                    }
                ],
                "year": null,
                "venue": "Large-scale Reordering Model for Statistical Machine Translation using Dual Multinomial Logistic Regression Abdullah Alrajeh and Mahesan Niranjan Dynamic Language Models for Streaming Text Dani Yogatama",
                "volume": "12",
                "issue": "",
                "pages": "50--65",
                "other_ids": {},
                "num": null,
                "urls": [],
                "raw_text": "Large-scale Reordering Model for Statistical Machine Translation using Dual Multinomial Logistic Regression Abdullah Alrajeh and Mahesan Niranjan Dynamic Language Models for Streaming Text Dani Yogatama, Chong Wang, Bryan Routledge, Noah A. Smith, Eric P. Xing Improved Decipherment of Homophonic Ciphers Malte Nuhn, Julian Schamper and Hermann Ney Cipher Type Detection Malte Nuhn and Kevin Knight 12:10-13:30 Lunch Break Session 8sa: Segmentation and Tagging / Spoken Language / Semantics 13:30-13:50 Joint Learning of Chinese Words, Terms and Keywords Ziqiang Cao, Sujian Li and Heng Ji 13:50-14:10 Cross-Lingual Part-of-Speech Tagging through Ambiguous Learning Guillaume Wisniewski, Nicolas P\u00e9cheux, Souhir Gahbiche-Braham and Fran\u00e7ois Yvon 14:10-14:30 Comparing Representations of Semantic Roles for String-To-Tree Decoding Marzieh Bazrafshan and Daniel Gildea 14:30-14:50 Detecting Non-compositional MWE Components using Wiktionary Bahar Salehi, Paul Cook and Timothy Baldwin 14:50-15:10 (Empty slot) (No presentation)",
                "links": null
            },
            "BIBREF264": {
                "ref_id": "b264",
                "title": "Weld Automatic Inference of the Tense of Chinese Events Using Implicit Linguistic Information Yuchen Zhang and Nianwen Xue Joint Inference for Knowledge Base Population Liwei Chen, Yansong Feng, Jinghui Mo, Songfang Huang and Dongyan Zhao Combining Visual and Textual Features for Information Extraction from Online Flyers Emilia Apostolova and Noriko Tomuro CTPs: Contextual Temporal Profiles for Time Scoping Facts using State Change Detection Derry Tanti Wijaya, Ndapandula Nakashole and Tom M. Mitchell Noisy Or-based model for Relation Extraction using Distant Supervision Ajay Nagesh",
                "authors": [
                    {
                        "first": "Tuesday",
                        "middle": [
                            ";"
                        ],
                        "last": "",
                        "suffix": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "first": "Trevor",
                        "middle": [],
                        "last": "Cohn",
                        "suffix": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "first": "Lucia",
                        "middle": [],
                        "last": "Specia ; Heng",
                        "suffix": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "first": "Yu",
                        "middle": [],
                        "last": "Ji",
                        "suffix": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "first": "Sujian",
                        "middle": [],
                        "last": "Hong",
                        "suffix": ""
                    },
                    {
                        "first": "",
                        "middle": [],
                        "last": "Li",
                        "suffix": ""
                    }
                ],
                "year": 2014,
                "venue": "Brighter than Gold: Figurative Language in User Generated Comparisons Vlad Niculae and Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil",
                "volume": "8",
                "issue": "",
                "pages": "40--57",
                "other_ids": {},
                "num": null,
                "urls": [],
                "raw_text": "Tuesday, October 28, 2014 (continued) Session 8sb: Sentiment Analysis / Social / Computational Psycholinguistics / Text Classification 13:30-13:50 Joint Emotion Analysis via Multi-task Gaussian Processes Daniel Beck, Trevor Cohn and Lucia Specia 13:50-14:10 Detecting Latent Ideology in Expert Text: Evidence From Academic Papers in Eco- nomics Zubin Jelveh, Bruce Kogut and Suresh Naidu 14:10-14:30 A Model of Individual Differences in Gaze Control During Reading Niels Landwehr, Sebastian Arzt, Tobias Scheffer and Reinhold Kliegl 14:30-14:50 Muli-label Text Categorization with Hidden Components li li, Longkai Zhang and Houfeng WANG 14:50-15:10 #TagSpace: Semantic Embeddings from Hashtags Jason Weston, Sumit Chopra and Keith Adams Session 8sc: Summarization / Machine Translation / Information Extraction 13:30-13:50 Joint Decoding of Tree Transduction Models for Sentence Compression Jin-ge Yao, Xiaojun Wan and Jianguo Xiao 13:50-14:10 Dependency-based Discourse Parser for Single-Document Summarization Yasuhisa Yoshida, Jun Suzuki, Tsutomu Hirao and Masaaki Nagata 14:10-14:30 Improving Word Alignment using Word Similarity Theerawat Songyot and David Chiang 14:30-14:50 Constructing Information Networks Using One Single Model Qi Li, Heng Ji, Yu HONG and Sujian Li 14:50-15:10 Event Role Extraction using Domain-Relevant Word Representations Emanuela Boros, Romaric Besan\u00e7on, Olivier Ferret and Brigitte Grau xlviii Tuesday, October 28, 2014 (continued) Session 8p: Information Extraction 13:30-15:10 Poster Session Multiple presenters Modeling Joint Entity and Relation Extraction with Table Representation Makoto Miwa and Yutaka Sasaki ZORE: A Syntax-based System for Chinese Open Relation Extraction Likun Qiu and Yue Zhang Coarse-grained Candidate Generation and Fine-grained Re-ranking for Chinese Abbreviation Prediction Longkai Zhang, Houfeng WANG and Xu Sun Type-Aware Distantly Supervised Relation Extraction with Linked Arguments Mitchell Koch, John Gilmer, Stephen Soderland and Daniel S. Weld Automatic Inference of the Tense of Chinese Events Using Implicit Linguistic Infor- mation Yuchen Zhang and Nianwen Xue Joint Inference for Knowledge Base Population Liwei Chen, Yansong Feng, Jinghui Mo, Songfang Huang and Dongyan Zhao Combining Visual and Textual Features for Information Extraction from Online Fly- ers Emilia Apostolova and Noriko Tomuro CTPs: Contextual Temporal Profiles for Time Scoping Facts using State Change Detection Derry Tanti Wijaya, Ndapandula Nakashole and Tom M. Mitchell Noisy Or-based model for Relation Extraction using Distant Supervision Ajay Nagesh, Gholamreza Haffari and Ganesh Ramakrishnan 15:10-15:40 Coffee Break Tuesday, October 28, 2014 (continued) Session 9a: Machine Learning and Machine Translation 15:40-16:05 Search-Aware Tuning for Machine Translation Lemao Liu and Liang Huang 16:05-16:30 Latent-Variable Synchronous CFGs for Hierarchical Translation Avneesh Saluja, Chris Dyer and Shay B. Cohen 16:30-16:55 Dynamically Shaping the Reordering Search Space of Phrase-Based Statistical Ma- chine Translation Arianna Bisazza and Marcello Federico 16:55-17:20 (Empty slot) (No presentation) Session 9b: NLP for the Web and Social Media 15:40-16:05 Gender and Power: How Gender and Gender Environment Affect Manifestations of Power Vinodkumar Prabhakaran, Emily E. Reid and Owen Rambow 16:05-16:30 Online topic model for Twitter considering dynamics of user interests and topic trends Kentaro Sasaki, Tomohiro Yoshikawa and Takeshi Furuhashi 16:30-16:55 Self-disclosure topic model for classifying and analyzing Twitter conversations JinYeong Bak, Chin-Yew Lin and Alice Oh 16:55-17:20 Major Life Event Extraction from Twitter based on Congratulations/Condolences Speech Acts Jiwei Li, Alan Ritter, Claire Cardie and Eduard Hovy l Tuesday, October 28, 2014 (continued) Session 9c: Semantics 15:40-16:05 Brighter than Gold: Figurative Language in User Generated Comparisons Vlad Niculae and Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil 16:05-16:30 Classifying Idiomatic and Literal Expressions Using Topic Models and Intensity of Emotions Jing Peng, Anna Feldman and Ekaterina Vylomova 16:30-16:55 TREETALK: Composition and Compression of Trees for Image Descriptions Polina Kuznetsova, Vicente Ordonez, Tamara Berg, Yejin Choi 16:55-17:20 Learning Spatial Knowledge for Text to 3D Scene Generation Angel Chang, Manolis Savva and Christopher D. Manning Session 9p: Discourse, Dialogue and Pragmatics 15:40-17:20 Poster Session Multiple presenters",
                "links": null
            },
            "BIBREF266": {
                "ref_id": "b266",
                "title": "Fang Kong and Guodong Zhou Prune-and-Score: Learning for Greedy Coreference Resolution Chao Ma, Janardhan Rao Doppa",
                "authors": [],
                "year": null,
                "venue": "Summarizing Online Forum Discussions -Can Dialog Acts of Individual Messages Help? Sumit Bhatia, Prakhar Biyani and Prasenjit Mitra",
                "volume": "",
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                "other_ids": {},
                "num": null,
                "urls": [],
                "raw_text": "Building Chinese Discourse Corpus with Connective-driven Dependency Tree Structure Yancui Li, wenhe feng, jing sun, Fang Kong and Guodong Zhou Prune-and-Score: Learning for Greedy Coreference Resolution Chao Ma, Janardhan Rao Doppa, J. Walker Orr, Prashanth Mannem, Xiaoli Fern, Tom Dietterich and Prasad Tadepalli Summarizing Online Forum Discussions -Can Dialog Acts of Individual Messages Help? Sumit Bhatia, Prakhar Biyani and Prasenjit Mitra",
                "links": null
            }
        },
        "ref_entries": {
            "TABREF0": {
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                "text": "Invited Talk: IBM Cognitive Computing -An NLP Renaissance! Salim Roukos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Modeling Interestingness with Deep Neural Networks",
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