{ "paper_id": "A83-1016", "header": { "generated_with": "S2ORC 1.0.0", "date_generated": "2023-01-19T02:11:28.338834Z" }, "title": "UTILIZING DOMAIN-SPECIFIC INFORMATION FOR PROCESSING COMPACT TE~T", "authors": [ { "first": "Elaine", "middle": [], "last": "Marsh", "suffix": "", "affiliation": { "laboratory": "", "institution": "Nee York University Nee York", "location": { "settlement": "Nee York" } }, "email": "" } ], "year": "", "venue": null, "identifiers": {}, "abstract": "This paper Identifies the types of sentence fragments found In the text of two domains: medical records and Navy equipment status messages. The fragment types are related to full sentence forms on the basis of the elements which were regularly deleted. A breakdown of the fragment types and their distributions In the two domains Is presented. An approach to reconstructing the semantic class of deleted elements In the medical records Is proposed which is based on the semantic patterns recognized In the domain. I.", "pdf_parse": { "paper_id": "A83-1016", "_pdf_hash": "", "abstract": [ { "text": "This paper Identifies the types of sentence fragments found In the text of two domains: medical records and Navy equipment status messages. The fragment types are related to full sentence forms on the basis of the elements which were regularly deleted. A breakdown of the fragment types and their distributions In the two domains Is presented. An approach to reconstructing the semantic class of deleted elements In the medical records Is proposed which is based on the semantic patterns recognized In the domain. I.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Abstract", "sec_num": null } ], "body_text": [ { "text": "A large amount of natural language Input, whether to text processing or questlon-answerlng systems, conslsts of shortened sentence forms, sentence nfragmentsn. Sentence fragments are found in informal technical communlcatlons, messages, headlines, and In telegraphic camunlcatlons. Occurrences are characterized by thelr brev lty and Informational nature.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "INTRODUCTION", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "In all of these, if people are not restricted to using complete, grammatical sentences, as they are In formal writing situations, they tend to leave OUt the parts of the sentence which they belleve the reader will be able to reconstruct. Thls is especially true if the writer deals wlth a specialized subject matter where the facts are to be used by others in the same field.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "INTRODUCTION", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "approaches to such hill-formed,, natural language Input have been followed.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Several", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The LIFER system [Hendrlx, 1977; Hendrlx, et ai., 1978] and the I~_ANES system [Waltz, 1978] both account for fragments", "cite_spans": [ { "start": 17, "end": 32, "text": "[Hendrlx, 1977;", "ref_id": "BIBREF3" }, { "start": 33, "end": 55, "text": "Hendrlx, et ai., 1978]", "ref_id": null }, { "start": 79, "end": 92, "text": "[Waltz, 1978]", "ref_id": null } ], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Several", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "In procedural terms; they Co not require the user to enumerate the types of fragments which will be accepted. The Linguistic Strlng Project has characterlzed the regularly occurring ungrammatical constructions and made them pert of the parsing grammar [Anderson, et el., 1975; Hlrschman and Sager, 1982] . Kwasny and Sondhe!mer (10R1) have used error-handling procedures to relate the Ill-formed input of sentence fragments to well-formed structures. While these approaches differ in the way they determine the structure of the fragments and the deleted material, for the most pert they rely heavily, at some point, on the recognition of semantic word-classes.", "cite_spans": [ { "start": 252, "end": 276, "text": "[Anderson, et el., 1975;", "ref_id": null }, { "start": 277, "end": 303, "text": "Hlrschman and Sager, 1982]", "ref_id": null } ], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Several", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The purpose of this paper Is to describe the syntactic characteristics of sentence fragments and to lllustrate how the domeln-speclflc Information embodied In the cooCcurrence patterns of the semantic word-classes of a domain can be utilized as a powerful tool for processing a body of compact text, I.e. text that contains a large percentage of sentence fragments,", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "Several", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The Nee York Unlversl~y Linguistic String Project has developed a computer program to analyze ccmpact text In special Ized subject areas using a general parsing program and an Engl Ish grammar augmented by procedures speclflc to the subJect areas.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "II. IDENTIFICATION OF FRAGMENT TYPES", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "In recent years the system has been tailored for computer analysis of free-text medical records, which are characterized by numerous sentence fragments.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "II. IDENTIFICATION OF FRAGMENT TYPES", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "In the computer-analysis and processing of the medical records, relatlvely few types of sentence fragments sufflced to describe the shortened forlas, a l though such fragments ccmprfsed fully 49% of the natural language input CMarsh and Sager, 1982] .", "cite_spans": [ { "start": 226, "end": 249, "text": "CMarsh and Sager, 1982]", "ref_id": null } ], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "II. IDENTIFICATION OF FRAGMENT TYPES", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "Fragment types can be related to full forms on the basis of the elements which are regularly delirfed. Elements deleted fr~n the fragments are fr~a one or more of the syntactic posltlons: subject, tense, verb, obJect. The six fragment types Identlfled in the set of medical records are shown In Table 1 as types i-Vl.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [ { "start": 295, "end": 302, "text": "Table 1", "ref_id": null } ], "eq_spans": [], "section": "II. IDENTIFICATION OF FRAGMENT TYPES", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "Is not Imedlately obvious ts the fact that they are already known In the ful I grammar as parts of ful let constructions.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "A feature of fragment types that", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The fragment types reflect deletions found in syntactically distinguished positions wlthin full sentences, as Illustrated in Table 2 . For e~ample, In normal English, a sentence that contains tense and the verb be can occur as the object of verbs like find (e.g.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [ { "start": 125, "end": 132, "text": "Table 2", "ref_id": "TABREF0" } ], "eq_spans": [], "section": "A feature of fragment types that", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "She found that the sent~ce was ~).", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "A feature of fragment types that", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "In the same environment, as obJect of find, a reduced sentence can occur [n which the tense and verb be have been omitted, as In fragment type I (e.g.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "A feature of fragment types that", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "She found the sentence ~lllJ;~).", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "A feature of fragment types that", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "In the same manner, other reduced forms reflected in fragment types also represent constructions generally found as ~arts of regular English sentences.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "A feature of fragment types that", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The fact that the fragment types can be related to full English forms makes It possible to v Iee thee as Instances of reduced SURJECT-VEI~-(~JECT patterns free which particular components have been deleted. Fragments of type I can be represented as having a deleted tense and verb be, of type II as having a deleted subject, tense, and verb be, etc.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "A feature of fragment types that", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "This makes it relatively straightforward to add thee to the parslng grammar, and, at the same time, provides a framework for Identifying their semantic content by relating thm to the corresponding full forms.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "A feature of fragment types that", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "!i ! ! i ~ o .~ ~ ~ ~ - . ~o~ ~ ~ ~ ~ w I-- Z>- (Du 3~ We'~ W f J-r\" \"~0 i, ~E -CE m~ cn uJ >- ).. I-- z n. u. w ..J I-- ~ \u00b0 ~ ~ \u00b0\u00b0 ~ ~ E .- ~ ~ ~ o ~ o _ ~ ~ ~ -- O - = ~ ..J =[ ee \u00a2 ~ d Z d O Z W 111 I'-- Z *(j ,..J I=. ,,.I m w m + Z N ~4 L~ ~. ,,( + + Z Z ~4 d Z 12. O\" Z + + + 2: Z Z U.I e, e~ el*\" n zo. I,..-.,.J I,.- .g~ -g mw ~ m L4,4 -> ~-_ > Z -- :=\" I'--Z i-\" I~", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "A feature of fragment types that", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The number of fragment types that occur In compact text of different technical domains appears to be relatlvely limited. When the fragment types found In medical records were compared wlth those seen In a smell sample of Navy equipment status messages, five of the slx types found in the medlcal records were also found In the Navy messages.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "A feature of fragment types that", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "Only one additional fragment type was required to cover the Navy messages.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "A feature of fragment types that", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "This type appears In Table I records, but much more frequent in Navy messages.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [ { "start": 21, "end": 28, "text": "Table I", "ref_id": null } ], "eq_spans": [], "section": "A feature of fragment types that", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "In addition, the different sections of the input differ with respect to the ratio of fragments 1-o whole sentences and in the types of fro~ments they contain.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "A feature of fragment types that", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "For e~unple, the different sections of the medical records that were analyzed (e.g. ", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "A feature of fragment types that", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The deletions which relate fragment types to their full sentence forms fall Into two main classes: (I) those found virtually", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "In all texts and Ill) those speclflc to the domain of the text.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "Just as the fragment types can be viewed as Incomplete realizations of syntac-Nc S-V-O structures, the semantic patterns In sentence fragments can be considered Incomplete reallzatlons of the semantic S-V-O patterns.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "In general terms, the structure of Information In technical domains can be specified by a set of semantlc classes, the words and phrases which belong to these classes, and by a speclflcatlon of the pal'~erns these classes enter in'to, l.e. the syntactic relationships among the members of +he classes [Grlshmen, et el., 1982; Sager, 1978] .", "cite_spans": [ { "start": 301, "end": 325, "text": "[Grlshmen, et el., 1982;", "ref_id": null }, { "start": 326, "end": 338, "text": "Sager, 1978]", "ref_id": null } ], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "In +he case of the medical sublenguage processed by the Llngulstlc StTlng Project, the medical subclasses were derlved through techniques of distributional analysis [Hlrschmen and Sager, 1982] . Semantlc S-V-O pet-I'erns were then derived from the comblnatory properties of the medical classes in the text [Marsh and Sager, 1982] ; +he semantic pat~rerns Identified In a text are specific to the domain of +he text.", "cite_spans": [ { "start": 165, "end": 192, "text": "[Hlrschmen and Sager, 1982]", "ref_id": null }, { "start": 306, "end": 329, "text": "[Marsh and Sager, 1982]", "ref_id": null } ], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "Whlle they serve to formulate sublanguage constraints which rule out incorrect syntactic analyses caused by structural or l exlcal ambiguity/, these relationships among classes can also provide a means by which deleted elements in compact text can be reconstructed. When a fragment Is recognized as an Instance of a given semantic pattern, It Is +hen possible to specify a set of the semantic classes from which the medical sublanguage class of +he deleted element can be selected.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "On a superflclal level, the deletions of be In fragment types Ic-f and Ilia-b, for example, can be reconstructed on purely syntac~'lc grounds by fllllng", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "In the l exical Item be. However, It Is also possible to provide further Information and specify the semantic class of the lex lcal Item be by reference to the semantlc S-V-O pat-tern manifested by the occurring subject and object. For e~emple, In type If fragment skin no ~ruotlons, skin has the medical subclass BODYPART, and eruntlons has +he medlcal subclass SIGN/SYMFrrOM. The semantic S-V-O pat-tern In which these classes play a part Is= BODYPART-SHOWVERB-SIGN/SYMPTOM (as In Skln showed no eruntlons).", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "Be can then be assigned the semantic class SHOWVERB. protein ~, type It, enters Into the semantic pal-~ern:", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "TEST-~STVERB-TES13~ESULT and be can be assigned the class TESI~/ERB, which relates a TEST subject wlth a TESllRESULT object. Assigning a semantic class to the reconstructed be maximizes Its Informational content.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "In addition to reconstructing a dlstlngulshed l exlcal Item, like +he verb be, along with Its semantic classes, It Is also possible to specify the set of semantic classes for a deleted element, even +hough a l exlcal Item Is not Immediately reconstructable.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "For e~emple, the fragment To recelv9 follc ~,J.~o of Type VI, contains a verb of the PI~/ERB\" class and a MEDICATION-obJect, but the subject has b~n deleted.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The only semantic pad-tern which permits a verb and object wlth these medical subclasses Is the S-V-O pattern:", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "PATIENT-PTVERB-MEDICATION Through recogn{tlon of the semantic pattern in which +he occurring elements of the fragment play a role, the semantic class PATIENT can be specified for +he deleted subject, p~tlent Is one of the distinguished words In the domain of narrative medical records which are often not explicitly mentloned In the text, although they play a role In the sementlc patterns.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The S-V-O relations, of which the fragment i~/pes are Incomplete realizations, form the basis of a procedure which specifies the semantic classes of deleted elements In fragments.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "Under the best conditions, the set of semantic classes for the deleted form contains only one element.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "It Is also possible, however, for the set to contain more than one semantic class.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "For example, the t~fpe la fragment Pain also noted }n hands ~ knees, when regularized to normal active S-V-O word order as noted oaln In hands and knees, has a deleted subject.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The Figure I , The choice of one subclass for the deleted element from among elements of the set of possible subclasses Is dependent on several factors. First, properties of paragraph structure of the text place restrictions on the selection of semantic class for a deleted element.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [ { "start": 4, "end": 12, "text": "Figure I", "ref_id": null } ], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The fragment noted oaln In h~ds and knees would select a DOCTOR subject If written In the IMPRESSION or EXAH paragraph of the text, but, In the HISTORY paragraph, a PATIENT or FAMILY subJect could not be excluded. A second factor Is the presence of an antecedent having one of the semantic classes specified for the deleted element. If a possible antecedent having the same sGmsntlc class can be found, subJect to restrlctlons on change of topic and discourse structure, then the deleted element can be filled In by Its antecedent, restricting the sementlc class of the deleted element to that of the antecedent. Hoaever, an antecedent search may not always be successful, since the antecedent may not have been expllc[tly mentioned In the text.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null }, { "text": "The antecedent may be one of a class of distinguished words In the sublanguage, such as natlent and .~, which may not be previously mentioned In the body of the text. Semantic classes can be speclfled for deleted elements In sentence fragments based on these semantic patterns.", "cite_spans": [], "ref_spans": [], "eq_spans": [], "section": "RECONSTRUCTION OF DELETIONS", "sec_num": null } ], "back_matter": [], "bib_entries": { "BIBREF1": { "ref_id": "b1", "title": "Grammatical Compression In Notes and Records. hn~Ican Journal of ~ Llnoulstlcs Z=4", "authors": [], "year": null, "venue": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Grammatical Compression In Notes and Records. hn~Ican Journal of ~ Llnoulstlcs Z=4.", "links": null }, "BIBREF2": { "ref_id": "b2", "title": "Natural Language Interfaces Using Llmited Sem~tlc Information. Proceedlnas of 9~h Interpatlonal Conference on~ Ltnaul~tle~ (COLING 82)", "authors": [ { "first": "R", "middle": [], "last": "Grlshman", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "L", "middle": [], "last": "Hlrschman", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "C", "middle": [], "last": "Friedman", "suffix": "" } ], "year": 1982, "venue": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Grlshman, R., Hlrschman, L., and C. Friedman (1982). Natural Language Interfaces Using Llmited Sem~tlc Information. Proceedlnas of 9~h Interpatlonal Conference on~ Ltnaul~tle~ (COLING 82), Prague, Czechoslovakia.", "links": null }, "BIBREF3": { "ref_id": "b3", "title": "Human Engineering for Applied Natural Language Processing", "authors": [ { "first": "G", "middle": [], "last": "Hendrlx", "suffix": "" } ], "year": 1977, "venue": "Proceedlnas of 5+h IJCAI", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Hendrlx, G. (1977). Human Engineering for Applied Natural Language Processing. Proceedlnas of 5+h IJCAI, Cambridge, Hass.", "links": null }, "BIBREF4": { "ref_id": "b4", "title": "Developing a Natural Language Interface to Complex Data", "authors": [ { "first": "G", "middle": [], "last": "Hendrlx", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "E", "middle": [], "last": "Sacerdotl", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "J", "middle": [], "last": "Sagalowlcz", "suffix": "" }, { "first": "", "middle": [], "last": "Slocum", "suffix": "" } ], "year": 1978, "venue": "", "volume": "", "issue": "", "pages": "", "other_ids": {}, "num": null, "urls": [], "raw_text": "Hendrlx, G., Sacerdotl, E., Sagalowlcz, 0., and J. Slocum (1978). Developing a Natural Language Interface to Complex Data, ACH TOOS ~:2.", "links": null } }, "ref_entries": { "FIGREF0": { "uris": null, "num": null, "type_str": "figure", "text": "set of possible medical classes for the deleted subject consists of ~PATIENT, FAMILY, OocrrOR}, since \u2022 fragment with a verb of the OBSERVE class, such as note, and an object of the SIGN/SYMPTOM class, such as oaln, EXN~IPLES OF SUBJECT-VERB-CBJECT PAl-FERNS any of the S-V-O patterns In" }, "TABREF0": { "num": null, "text": "DELETION FORMS IN NORMAL ENGLISH SHE WELCOMED HER GUESTS. THE GUARD, IN GREAT /~./~M, CALLED THE POLICE. IV. DELETED SUBJECT, TENSE, VERB BE NO.IN PHRASE THE CHILD, 6 ~UM~Y DANCER, TWISTED HER ANKLE. V. Ol~ ETED SUBJECT, TENSE, VERB BF", "content": "
I. DELETED TENSE, VERB BE
A. N + PASSIVE PREDTHE KING HAD HIM B~FAI:)~.
B. N + PROGRESSIVE PREDWE 0eSERVED EILL .T~TO HIMSELF.
C. N + ADJECTIVE PREDSHE FOUNO THE S~NT~CE ~.
O. N+PNTHEY FOUND HiS J~ OF JJ~.
E. N+QJOHN THOUGHT HIM Z~ OR ~.
F. N+NTHEY CONSIDERED HER THEIR SAVIOUR.
II. DELETED SUBJECT, TENSE, VE]~ BE [VERBAL PREDICATE]
A. PASSIVE PREDICATETHE MAN, ~WITH HIS WORK, WENT HOME.
B. PROGRESSIVE PREDICATEMARY LEFT WHISTt I~K~ ~ HAPPY ~NE.
III. DELETED SUBJECT, TENSE, VERB BE
A. ADJECTIVE PREDICATEGRACIOUS AS ~LEB,
B. PN PRED I CATE
", "type_str": "table", "html": null }, "TABREF1": { "num": null, "text": "InTable 3, while fragment type IV, from which subject, tense, and verb have been deleted, is most", "content": "
as type Vll, in which two
subjects havebeendeleted(Reauestadvise
for Dick ~Q.).
Whilethenumberof fragment types Is
relatively constant, the distributionof fragment
types varies according to the domain of the text.
Table 3 shows distributionsfor each ofthe
fragment types Identified in Table 1. For e~ample,
frequent In medical records,Itis a much less
frequent type In the Navy messages. On the other
hand, type VI,from whlch a subject has been
deleted,IsrelativelyInfrequent In medical
", "type_str": "table", "html": null }, "TABREF2": { "num": null, "text": "HISTORY, EXAM, LAB-DATA, IMPRESSION, COURSE IN HOSPITAL) were distinguished by differences in the distribution of the fragment types.", "content": "
III.
The EXAM
paragraph of the medicaltexts,In which the
physician describes the results of the patient's
physical eK~lnatlon, contained a relatively large
numberoffragments of type I11, especially
adjective phrases.The COURSE IN HOSPITAL
paragraph contained a larger number of complete
sentences than the other paragraphs.
TABLE ]. DISTRIBUTION OF FRAGMENT TYPES
TYPEMEDiCAl NAVY
I.22%36%
if.I%6%
iii.12%11%
IV.61%15%
v.I%0%
vl.2$28%
vtl.0%4~
", "type_str": "table", "html": null } } } }