| { | |
| "paper_id": "Y07-1034", | |
| "header": { | |
| "generated_with": "S2ORC 1.0.0", | |
| "date_generated": "2023-01-19T13:46:20.690953Z" | |
| }, | |
| "title": "Japanese Expressions that Include English Expressions *", | |
| "authors": [ | |
| { | |
| "first": "Masaki", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Murata", | |
| "suffix": "", | |
| "affiliation": { | |
| "laboratory": "", | |
| "institution": "National Institure of Information and Communications Technology", | |
| "location": { | |
| "addrLine": "3-5, Soraku-gun", | |
| "postCode": "619-0289", | |
| "settlement": "Hikaridai, Kyoto", | |
| "country": "Japan" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "email": "murata@nict.go.jp" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Toshiyuki", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Kanamaru", | |
| "suffix": "", | |
| "affiliation": { | |
| "laboratory": "", | |
| "institution": "National Institure of Information and Communications Technology", | |
| "location": { | |
| "addrLine": "3-5, Soraku-gun", | |
| "postCode": "619-0289", | |
| "settlement": "Hikaridai, Kyoto", | |
| "country": "Japan" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "email": "kanamaru@nict.go.jp" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Koichirou", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Nakamoto", | |
| "suffix": "", | |
| "affiliation": { | |
| "laboratory": "", | |
| "institution": "Osaka University of Foreign Studies", | |
| "location": { | |
| "addrLine": "8-1-1 Aomatani-Higashi, Minoh", | |
| "postCode": "562-8558", | |
| "region": "Osaka", | |
| "country": "Japan" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "email": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Katsunori", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Kotani", | |
| "suffix": "", | |
| "affiliation": { | |
| "laboratory": "", | |
| "institution": "National Institure of Information and Communications Technology", | |
| "location": { | |
| "addrLine": "3-5, Soraku-gun", | |
| "postCode": "619-0289", | |
| "settlement": "Hikaridai, Kyoto", | |
| "country": "Japan" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "email": "" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "first": "Hitoshi", | |
| "middle": [], | |
| "last": "Isahara", | |
| "suffix": "", | |
| "affiliation": { | |
| "laboratory": "", | |
| "institution": "National Institure of Information and Communications Technology", | |
| "location": { | |
| "addrLine": "3-5, Soraku-gun", | |
| "postCode": "619-0289", | |
| "settlement": "Hikaridai, Kyoto", | |
| "country": "Japan" | |
| } | |
| }, | |
| "email": "isahara@nict.go.jp" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "year": "", | |
| "venue": null, | |
| "identifiers": {}, | |
| "abstract": "We extracted English expressions that appear in Japanese sentences in newspaper articles and on the Internet. The results obtained from the newspaper articles showed that the preposition \"in\" has been regularly used for more than ten years, and it is still regularly used now. The results obtained from the Internet articles showed there were many kinds of English expressions from various parts of speech. We extracted some interesting expressions that included English prepositions and verb phrases. These were interesting because they had different word orders to the normal order in Japanese expressions. Comparing the extracted English and katakana expressions, we found that the expressions that are commonly used in Japanese are often written in the katakana syllabary and that the expressions that are not so often used in Japanese, such as prepositions, are hardly ever written in the katakana syllabary.", | |
| "pdf_parse": { | |
| "paper_id": "Y07-1034", | |
| "_pdf_hash": "", | |
| "abstract": [ | |
| { | |
| "text": "We extracted English expressions that appear in Japanese sentences in newspaper articles and on the Internet. The results obtained from the newspaper articles showed that the preposition \"in\" has been regularly used for more than ten years, and it is still regularly used now. The results obtained from the Internet articles showed there were many kinds of English expressions from various parts of speech. We extracted some interesting expressions that included English prepositions and verb phrases. These were interesting because they had different word orders to the normal order in Japanese expressions. Comparing the extracted English and katakana expressions, we found that the expressions that are commonly used in Japanese are often written in the katakana syllabary and that the expressions that are not so often used in Japanese, such as prepositions, are hardly ever written in the katakana syllabary.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "Abstract", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "body_text": [ | |
| { | |
| "text": "We often see English expressions inserted in Japanese sentences, such as \"\u30b3\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\u30c8 in \u6771 \u4eac\" (\"\u30b3\u30f3\u30b5\u30fc\u30c8\"=concert, \"\u6771\u4eac\"=Tokyo). We extracted such expressions that were written in kanji, katakana, hiragana, and Roman alphabet characters or combinations of these characters from articles in the Mainichi Shinbun (a major daily Japanese language newspaper) and on the Internet. From the same sources, we also extracted expressions that used katakana characters instead of English characters, such as \"\u535a\u89a7\u4f1a\u30a4\u30f3\u4eac\u90fd\" (\"\u535a\u89a7\u4f1a\"= exposition, \"\u30a4\u30f3\"=in, \"\u4eac\u90fd\"=Kyoto). The study of such expressions is useful for linguists studying the development process of languages (Ito (2001) , Daulton (2003), and Murata et al. (2004) ).", | |
| "cite_spans": [ | |
| { | |
| "start": 640, | |
| "end": 651, | |
| "text": "(Ito (2001)", | |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF19" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 654, | |
| "end": 673, | |
| "text": "Daulton (2003), and", | |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF20" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 674, | |
| "end": 694, | |
| "text": "Murata et al. (2004)", | |
| "ref_id": "BIBREF21" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "Introduction", | |
| "sec_num": "1." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "We used computers to extract candidate expressions in Japanese that included English expressions from Mainichi Shinbun articles published between 1991 and 2005 and from about 2 GB of Internet articles. We then checked the candidate expressions by hand to select the actual expressions we would use in our research. We initially extracted expressions from Mainichi Shinbun articles. We took only the expressions that contained brackets. This is because expressions that include English expressions in Japanese sentences often appear in brackets. We automatically extracted expressions that satisfied the following conditions: i) included both Japanese characters in hiragana, katakana, and kanji and characters in the Roman alphabet, ii) the adjacent characters to English expressions are Japanese characters, or English expressions appear at the beginning of the expressions or the end of the expressions, iii) the second to last characters of the English expression were not capitalized, and iv) English expressions that consisted of more than one character. The condition ii) is used because there were many cases where the expressions were just replaced with Japanese expressions such as \"\u904e\u52b4\u6b7b (karoushi) \u75c5\" (\"\u904e\u52b4\u6b7b\"=\"overwork death\", \"karoushi\" is the reading of \" \u904e \u52b4 \u6b7b \", \"\u75c5\"=disease), and we excluded such expressions. The condition iii) is used because there were many cases where expressions consisted of capitalized characters that were probably abbreviations, such as \"OPEC\" and \"ASEAN\", and we excluded such expressions. We used only the cases were an English expression inserted into a Japanese sentence consisted of one word. This is because English expressions that consist of multiple words are often quotations of English phrases or sentences and are not expressions where the Japanese and English languages merge. We extracted expressions that did not contain appropriate spaces, such as \"Welcometo\". We did not use expressions where the English expression was a noun, a proper noun, a symbol, or adjective that was modified by adding the Japanese suffixes \"na\" (for an adjective) and \"suru\" (for a verb). This is because the deleted expressions are popular in the conventional Japanese language. (In this study, we extracted \"de\", although it is not English but French. This is because its frequency is high and it is also an interesting expression.) We arranged the final list of expressions in order of frequency (see Table 1 ). \"V\", \"AJ\", \"AV\", \"PP\", \"CJ\", \"AR\", \"PO\", and \"PH\" (in the table below) indicate verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, articles, possessive pronouns, and phrases, respectively.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [ | |
| { | |
| "start": 2436, | |
| "end": 2443, | |
| "text": "Table 1", | |
| "ref_id": "TABREF0" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "Automatic extraction of English and Katakana expressions", | |
| "sec_num": "2." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "Next, we extracted expressions from articles on the Internet. We used the same conditions as above and one additional condition: the first character of an English expression at the beginning of the sentence had to be capitalized. The results are shown in Table 2 . Here, the extracted results are arranged by parts of speech. The table shows the English expression, its frequency, and some examples for each expression. In the example, the corresponding part of the English expression is marked with a *. Table 2 shows the results in descending order of frequency. The table only contains expressions that appeared more than 10 times.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [ | |
| { | |
| "start": 255, | |
| "end": 262, | |
| "text": "Table 2", | |
| "ref_id": "TABREF1" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 505, | |
| "end": 512, | |
| "text": "Table 2", | |
| "ref_id": "TABREF1" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "Automatic extraction of English and Katakana expressions", | |
| "sec_num": "2." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "Finally, we extracted from Mainichi Shinbun and Internet articles Japanese expressions that contained katakana expressions. We next constructed a list of the English expressions written in katakana characters. Using only katakana expressions, we compiled a list of expressions in order of frequency (Tables 3 and 4) . We plotted graphs showing the average (we call it average value) of the average, mode, and median years when the extracted expressions appeared (Figures 1 and 2 ). In the figures, each expression is displayed in ascending order of the average value. We added the total number of expression and the average value to each expression in the figures. Therefore, expressions that appeared in the earlier years are displayed higher on the graph, while expressions that appeared in the later years are displayed lower. Table 1 shows that English prepositions have been used for more than 10 years. The use of the expression \"in\" rapidly increased in 1994. After that, it appeared more than 10 times each year. \"Let's\" has also been used for more than 10 years; however, it stopped appearing in 2000. The prepositions \"at\", \"of\", \"with\", \"from\", \"by\", \"of\", \"with\", \"from\", \"by\", and \"to\" have been also used for a relatively long time. We extracted various English expressions that form various parts of speech from articles on the Internet (Table 2) . Prepositions appear the most frequently, followed by conjunctions.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [ | |
| { | |
| "start": 299, | |
| "end": 315, | |
| "text": "(Tables 3 and 4)", | |
| "ref_id": "TABREF4" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 462, | |
| "end": 478, | |
| "text": "(Figures 1 and 2", | |
| "ref_id": "FIGREF0" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 830, | |
| "end": 837, | |
| "text": "Table 1", | |
| "ref_id": "TABREF0" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 1352, | |
| "end": 1361, | |
| "text": "(Table 2)", | |
| "ref_id": "TABREF1" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "Automatic extraction of English and Katakana expressions", | |
| "sec_num": "2." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "Adjectives are third. After that, in descending order of frequency, come phrases, adverbs, 2001 2002 1991 1992 1996 1997 1998 1999 2005 1993 1994 2003 2004 1995 2000 \uff42\uff59 PP (8, 2001.96) \uff4f\uff46 articles, possessive pronouns, suffixes, verbs, and interrogative pronouns. The expressions using prepositions, phrases, and verbs from articles on the Internet (Table 2 ) have a word order that is different from the usual Japanese language word order. For example, \"\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3 in \u6e0b\u8c37\" (\"\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\"=campaign, \"\u6e0b\u8c37\"=Shibuya (location name)), \"What's \u3051\u3044\u3070\" (\"\u3051\u3044\u3070\"=\"horse race\"), and \"Welcome \u3048\u3072\u3081\" (\"\u3048\u3072\u3081\"=Ehime (location \u30ce \u30fc (no) AJ (23, 2003.35) \u30de\u30a4 (my) PO (10, 2004.40) Figure 2 : Change in the number of Katakana expressions in Mainichi Shinbun (The two numbers in the parentheses indicate the total number of expressions and the average value of appeared years.) name)). The Japanese standard word order is \"\u6e0b\u8c37\u3067\u306e\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\" (\"\u6e0b\u8c37\"=Shibuya (location name)), \"\u3067\u306e\"=in, \"\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3\"=campaign), \"\u3051\u3044\u3070\u3068\u306f\u4f55\" (\"\u3051\u3044\u3070\"=\"horse race\", \"\u3068\u306f\"=be, \"\u4f55\"=what), and \"\u3048\u3072\u3081\u3078\u3088\u3046\u3053\u305d\" (\"\u3048\u3072\u3081\"=Ehime(location name), \"\u3078\"=to, \"\u3088\u3046\u3053\u305d\"=welcome), respectively. The reason for the change in word order is because in English the important thing is usually at the beginning of a sentence, so it is convenient to construct compact expressions in this way.", | |
| "cite_spans": [ | |
| { | |
| "start": 91, | |
| "end": 160, | |
| "text": "2001 2002 1991 1992 1996 1997 1998 1999 2005 1993 1994 2003 2004 1995", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 169, | |
| "end": 184, | |
| "text": "PP (8, 2001.96)", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 608, | |
| "end": 621, | |
| "text": "(23, 2003.35)", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 633, | |
| "end": 646, | |
| "text": "(10, 2004.40)", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "ref_spans": [ | |
| { | |
| "start": 349, | |
| "end": 357, | |
| "text": "(Table 2", | |
| "ref_id": "TABREF1" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "start": 647, | |
| "end": 655, | |
| "text": "Figure 2", | |
| "ref_id": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "Discussion", | |
| "sec_num": "3." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "\uff49 \uff4e PP \uff49 \uff4e PP 4 \uff2c \uff45 \uff54 ' \uff53 PH 1 \uff49 \uff4e PP 12 \uff49 \uff4e PP 21 \uff2c \uff45 \uff54 ' \uff53 PH \uff34 \uff48 \uff45 AR 1 \uff49 \uff4e PP 1 \uff54 \uff48 \uff45 AR 1 \uff41 \uff4e \uff44 CJ 1 \uff41 \uff54 PP \uff28\uff41 \uff4e \uff44 \uff59 AJ 1 \uff56 \uff53 PP 1 \uff4d\uff59 PO 1 \uff26 \uff52 \uff4f \uff4d PP 1 \uff44 \uff45 PP \uff2e\uff45 \uff57 AJ 1 \uff57\uff49 \uff54 \uff48 PP 1 \uff42 \uff59 PP 1 \uff42 \uff59 PP 1 \uff56 \uff53 PP \uff4f \uff46 PP 1 \uff44 \uff45 PP 1 \uff46 \uff52 \uff4f \uff4d PP 1 \uff54 \uff4f PP 1 \uff54 \uff4f PP 1 \uff57\uff49 \uff54 \uff48 PP 1 \uff49 \uff4e PP \uff49 \uff4e PP 28 \uff49 \uff4e PP 21 \uff49 \uff4e PP 22 \uff49 \uff4e PP 19 \uff24\uff45 \uff41 \uff52 AJ \uff37\uff49 \uff54 \uff48 PP 2 \uff44 \uff45 PP 6 \uff44 \uff45 PP 3 \uff44 \uff45 PP 9 \uff34 \uff48 \uff41 \uff54 ' \uff53 PH \uff24\uff45 \uff41 \uff52 AJ 1 \uff34 \uff48 \uff45 AR 3 \uff2d\uff59 PO 2 \uff41 \uff54 PP 2 \uff2e\uff45 \uff57 AJ \uff2a \uff52 AJ 1 \uff2c \uff45 \uff54 ' \uff53 PH 1 \uff56 \uff53 PP 2 \uff46 \uff52 \uff4f \uff4d PP 2 \uff2c \uff45 \uff54 ' \uff53 PH \uff46 \uff4f \uff52 PP 1 \uff49 \uff4e \uff47 CJ 1 \uff29 \uff54 ' \uff53 PH 1 \uff57\uff49 \uff54 \uff48 PP 2 \uff44 \uff45 PP \uff56 \uff53 PP 1 \uff22\uff59 PP 1 \uff2e\uff45 \uff57 AJ 1 \uff41 \uff4e \uff44 CJ 1 \uff54 \uff4f PP \uff57\uff49 \uff54 \uff48 PP 1 \uff46 \uff4f \uff52 PP 1 \uff49 \uff4e \uff47 CJ 1 \uff42 \uff59 PP 1 \uff56 \uff53 PP \uff26 \uff4f \uff52 \uff45 \uff56 \uff45 \uff52AD 1 \uff54 \uff4f PP 1 \uff4f \uff52 CJ 1 \uff54 \uff4f PP 1 \uff57\uff49 \uff54 \uff48 PP \uff57\uff49 \uff54 \uff48 PP 1 \uff46 \uff52 \uff4f \uff4d PP 1 \uff22\uff45 V \uff49 \uff4e PP \uff49 \uff4e PP 13 \uff49 \uff4e PP 17 \uff49 \uff4e PP 12 \uff49 \uff4e PP 12 \uff44 \uff45 PP \uff44 \uff45 PP 7 \uff44 \uff45 PP 5 \uff44 \uff45 PP 6 \uff57\uff49 \uff54 \uff48 PP 3 \uff2e\uff45 \uff57 AJ \uff2e\uff45 \uff57 AJ 2 \uff42 \uff59 PP 4 \uff4f \uff46 PP 2 \uff27\uff4f \uff4f \uff44 AJ 1 \uff46 \uff52 \uff4f \uff4d PP \uff41 \uff4e \uff44 CJ 1 \uff2a \uff52 \uff0e AJ 1 \uff26 \uff52 \uff4f \uff4d PP 1 \uff2e\uff45 \uff57 AJ 1 \uff54 \uff4f PP \uff46 \uff52 \uff4f \uff4d PP 1 \uff34 \uff48 \uff45 AR 1 \uff2a \uff52 \uff0e AJ 1 \uff34 \uff48 \uff45 AR 1 \uff54 \uff48 \uff45 AR \uff57\uff49 \uff54 \uff48 PP 1 \uff2e\uff45 \uff57 AJ 1 \uff4d\uff59 PO 1 \uff34 \uff48 \uff41 \uff54 ' \uff53 PH \uff54 \uff4f PP 1 \uff54 \uff48 \uff45 AR 1 \uff37\uff48 \uff41 \uff54 ' \uff53 PH \uff24\uff49 \uff47 \uff49 \uff54 \uff41 \uff4c AJ \uff43 \uff41 \uff4e AX \uff24\uff45 PP \uff37\uff49 \uff54 \uff48 PP \uff46 \uff4f \uff52 PP \uff56 \uff53 PP \uff41 \uff47 \uff41 \uff49 \uff4e AD", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "Discussion", | |
| "sec_num": "3." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "This kind of the word order difference has already been seen in Japanese expressions of Chinese origin, such as \"\u65bc\u6771\u4eac\" (\"\u65bc\"=in, \"\u6771\u4eac\"=Tokyo), \"\u5fc5\uf9df\u4fee\" (\"\u5fc5\"=require, \"\uf9df \u4fee\"=\"take a course\"), and \"\u5bfe\u30c6\u30ed\" (\"\u5bfe\"= against or to, \"\u30c6\u30ed\"=terror). Expressions like \"\u30ad \u30e3\u30f3\u30da\u30fc\u30f3 in \u6e0b\u8c37\" are possibly due to the tolerant and flexible characteristic of Japanese language which permits expressions like \"\u65bc\u6771\u4eac\". Table 3 shows the frequency with which katakana expressions appear in Mainichi Shinbun articles. Adjectives and adverbs have appeared with high frequencies for a long time. The table shows that katakana expressions containing adjectives and adverbs have been used more often then other parts of speech. The article \"the\" and the verb \"welcome\" have been used for a long time.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [ | |
| { | |
| "start": 382, | |
| "end": 389, | |
| "text": "Table 3", | |
| "ref_id": "TABREF4" | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "Discussion", | |
| "sec_num": "3." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "By comparing the frequency of English expressions with that of katakana expressions using the data in Tables 2 and 4, we found that adverbs and adjectives, such as \"\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7\" (up) and \"\u30c7 \u30b8\u30bf\u30eb\" (digital), that are often used in Japanese are often expressed using katakana and that prepositions that are not used so often in Japanese are not often expressed using katakana. That is, we found a trend in which English expressions that have been used often in Japanese are likely to be expressed with katakana and English expressions that have not been used often in Japanese are likely to be expressed using the Roman alphabet. We can see many English expressions in the parts of speech that are not adjectives and adverbs. These are prepositions, conjunctions, phrases, articles, possessive pronouns, suffixes, verbs, and interrogative pronouns. We think these expressions have not yet entered the Japanese language, and they are new expression styles. In terms of adjectives and adverbs, we can see many English expressions for the adjectives \"new\" and \"old\" and the adverbs \"all\" and \"not\". Thus, the adjectives and adverbs may be special expressions.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "Discussion", | |
| "sec_num": "3." | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "text": "We extracted Japanese expressions that included English expressions from Mainichi Shinbun articles that appeared over a 15-year period and from 2 GB of Internet articles. We found that the preposition \"in\" has been used often for more than ten years. We extracted from Internet articles many kinds of English expressions that contained various parts of speech. We also extracted interesting expressions that used English prepositions or verb phrases. These interesting expressions had different word orders to ordinary Japanese sentences. From comparing the extracted English and katakana expressions, we suggest that English expressions that are common in Japanese are likely to be written in katakana and that English expressions that are not common in Japanese are likely to written in the Roman syllabary.", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "Conclusions", | |
| "sec_num": "4." | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "back_matter": [ | |
| { | |
| "text": "Adjectives (40 types, 64867 tokens in total)Adverbs (5 types, 23258 tokens in total)Prepositions (6 types, 1816 tokens in total)Verbs (3 types, 741 tokens in total)", | |
| "cite_spans": [], | |
| "ref_spans": [], | |
| "eq_spans": [], | |
| "section": "annex", | |
| "sec_num": null | |
| } | |
| ], | |
| "bib_entries": { | |
| "BIBREF0": { | |
| "ref_id": "b0", | |
| "title": "69) \uff46\uff4f\uff52 PP (3, 1998.95) \uff41\uff54 PP (3, 1999.00) \uff4d\uff59 PO (4, 1999.08) \uff46\uff52\uff4f\uff4d PP (9, 1999.61) \uff41\uff4e\uff44 CJ (3, 1999.67) \uff49\uff4e PP (231, 1999.68) \uff54\uff4f PP (8, 1999", | |
| "authors": [], | |
| "year": 1998, | |
| "venue": ") \uff56\uff53 PP (7, 1997.97) \uff54\uff48\uff45 AR", | |
| "volume": "87", | |
| "issue": "", | |
| "pages": "", | |
| "other_ids": {}, | |
| "num": null, | |
| "urls": [], | |
| "raw_text": "\uff4c\uff45\uff54'\uff53 PH (4, 1995.00) \uff44\uff45\uff41\uff52 AJ (4, 1996.08) \uff54\uff48\uff41\uff54'\uff53 PH (3, 1997.11) \uff56\uff53 PP (7, 1997.97) \uff54\uff48\uff45 AR (9, 1998.69) \uff46\uff4f\uff52 PP (3, 1998.95) \uff41\uff54 PP (3, 1999.00) \uff4d\uff59 PO (4, 1999.08) \uff46\uff52\uff4f\uff4d PP (9, 1999.61) \uff41\uff4e\uff44 CJ (3, 1999.67) \uff49\uff4e PP (231, 1999.68) \uff54\uff4f PP (8, 1999.87) \uff57\uff49\uff54\uff48 PP (14, 2000.12) \uff4e\uff45\uff57 AJ (10, 2000.16) \uff44\uff45 PP (46, 2000.52) 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005", | |
| "links": null | |
| }, | |
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| "ref_id": "b7", | |
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| "FIGREF0": { | |
| "text": "Change in the number of English expressions in Mainichi Shinbun (The two numbers in the parentheses indicate the total number of expressions and the average value of appeared years.)", | |
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| "TABREF0": { | |
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| "type_str": "table", | |
| "text": "English expressions in Mainichi Shinbun articles", | |
| "num": null | |
| }, | |
| "TABREF1": { | |
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| "content": "<table><tr><td>with 533 [PERSON]\uff0a\u30aa\u30fc\u30b1\u30b9\u30c8 \u30e9</td></tr></table>", | |
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| "text": "English expressions on the Internet", | |
| "num": null | |
| }, | |
| "TABREF2": { | |
| "html": null, | |
| "content": "<table><tr><td>\uff4e \uff45 \uff57</td><td>72 \uff0a\u30a2\u30eb\u30d0\u30e0 (* album)</td></tr></table>", | |
| "type_str": "table", | |
| "text": "English expressions on the Internet (cont.)", | |
| "num": null | |
| }, | |
| "TABREF3": { | |
| "html": null, | |
| "content": "<table><tr><td>only</td><td>63 \u571f\u65e5\uff0a (Saturdays and Sundays * )</td></tr></table>", | |
| "type_str": "table", | |
| "text": "English expressions on the Internet (cont.)", | |
| "num": null | |
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| "TABREF4": { | |
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| "content": "<table><tr><td>1991</td><td/><td>1992</td><td/><td>1993</td><td/></tr><tr><td>\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7 (up)</td><td colspan=\"2\">AD 11 \u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb (digital)</td><td>AJ</td><td>11 \u30a2\u30c3\u30d7 (up)</td><td>AD</td></tr><tr><td>\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc (new)</td><td>AJ</td><td>7 \u30b9\u30fc \u30d1\u30fc (super)</td><td>AJ</td><td>7 \u30b9\u30fc \u30d1\u30fc (super)</td><td>AJ</td></tr><tr><td>\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc \u30d0\u30eb (global)</td><td>AJ</td><td>5 \u30cb\u30e5\u30fc (new)</td><td>AJ</td><td>7 \u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb (digital)</td><td>AJ</td></tr><tr><td>\u30b9\u30fc \u30d1\u30fc (super)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3 \u30a2\u30c3\u30d7 (up)</td><td>AD</td><td>7 \u30b8\u30e5\u30cb\u30a2 (junior)</td><td>AJ</td></tr><tr><td>\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb (digital)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3 \u30d1\u30fc \u30bd\u30ca\u30eb (personal)</td><td>AJ</td><td>6 \u30cb\u30e5\u30fc (new)</td><td>AJ</td></tr><tr><td>\u30b8\u30e5\u30cb\u30a2 (junior)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2 \u30aa\u30fc \u30eb (all)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3 \u30b6 (the)</td><td>AR</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u30d1\u30fc \u30bd\u30ca\u30eb (personal) AJ</td><td>2 \u30b8\u30e5\u30cb\u30a2 (junior)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3 \u30aa\u30fc \u30eb (all)</td><td>AJ</td></tr><tr><td>\u30d9\u30b9\u30c8 (best)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2 \u30ce\u30fc (no)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3 \u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3 (online)</td><td>AJ</td></tr><tr><td>\u30b6 (the)</td><td>AR</td><td>1 \u30d9\u30b9\u30c8(best)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3 \u30b0\u30ed\u30fc \u30d0\u30eb (global)</td><td>AJ</td></tr><tr><td>\u30cf\u30a6\u30c4\u30fc (how to)</td><td>PH</td><td>1 \u30aa\u30fc \u30d7\u30f3 (open)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2 \u30b6\u30c3\u30c4 (that's)</td><td>PH</td></tr><tr><td>\u30aa\u30fc \u30d7\u30f3 (open)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30b0\u30ed\u30fc \u30d0\u30eb (global)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2 \u30aa\u30fc \u30d7\u30f3 (open)</td><td>AJ</td></tr><tr><td>\u30aa\u30fc \u30eb (all)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30b9\u30da\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb (special)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2 \u30cf\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3 \u30fc (handy)</td><td>AJ</td></tr><tr><td>\u30ce\u30fc (no)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30cf\u30a4\u30d1\u30fc (hyper)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2 \u30d0\u30fc \u30c1\u30e3\u30eb (virtual)</td><td>AJ</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u30a6\u30a8\u30eb\u30ab\u30e0 (welcome) V</td><td>1 \u30cf\u30a6\u30c4\u30fc (how to)</td><td>PH</td><td>1 \u30d5\u30ea\u30fc (free)</td><td>AJ</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td>\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9(and)</td><td>CJ</td><td>1 \u30d9\u30b9\u30c8(best)</td><td>AJ</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td>\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u30ab\u30e0 (welcome)</td><td>V</td><td>1 \u30a4\u30f3 (in)</td><td>PP</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td/><td/><td>\u30aa\u30f3\u30ea\u30fc (only)</td><td>AD</td></tr></table>", | |
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| "text": "Katakana expressions in Mainichi Shinbun", | |
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| "content": "<table><tr><td>1994</td><td/><td>1995</td><td/><td>1996</td><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7 (up)</td><td colspan=\"2\">AD 22 \u30aa\u30fc \u30eb (all)</td><td>AJ</td><td>20 \u30a2\u30c3\u30d7 (up)</td><td colspan=\"2\">AD 20</td></tr><tr><td>\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb (digital)</td><td>AJ</td><td>14 \u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb (digital)</td><td>AJ</td><td>12 \u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb (digital)</td><td>AJ</td><td/></tr><tr><td>\u30b9\u30fc \u30d1\u30fc (super)</td><td>AJ</td><td>12 \u30a2\u30c3\u30d7 (up)</td><td colspan=\"2\">AD 12 \u30b0\u30ed\u30fc \u30d0\u30eb (global)</td><td>AJ</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>\u30aa\u30fc \u30eb (all)</td><td>AJ</td><td>4 \u30b9\u30fc \u30d1\u30fc (super)</td><td>AJ</td><td>9 \u30b9\u30fc \u30d1\u30fc (super)</td><td>AJ</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3 (online)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3 \u30b0\u30ed\u30fc \u30d0\u30eb (global)</td><td>AJ</td><td>5 \u30aa\u30fc \u30eb (all)</td><td>AJ</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc \u30d0\u30eb (global)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3 \u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3 (online)</td><td>AJ</td><td>4 \u30d0\u30fc \u30c1\u30e3\u30eb (virtual)</td><td>AJ</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>\u30b8\u30e5\u30cb\u30a2 (junior/Jr.)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3 \u30aa\u30fc \u30d7\u30f3 (open)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3 \u30cb\u30e5\u30fc (new)</td><td>AJ</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><td>\u30aa\u30fc \u30d7\u30f3 (open)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30cb\u30e5\u30fc (new)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3 \u30aa\u30fc \u30d7\u30f3 (open)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>\u30aa\u30d5\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3 (offline)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30a4\u30f3 (in)</td><td>PP</td><td>2 \u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3 (online)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc (new)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30a4\u30c3\u30c4 (it's)</td><td>PH</td><td>1 \u30b8\u30e5\u30cb\u30a2 (junior)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>\u30ce\u30fc (no)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30cf\u30a6\u30c4\u30fc (how to)</td><td>PH</td><td>1 \u30d3\u30c3\u30b0 (big)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>\u30d0\u30fc \u30c1\u30e3\u30eb (virtual)</td><td>AJ</td><td>\u30ec\u30c3\u30c4 (let's)</td><td>PH</td><td>1 \u30d9\u30b9\u30c8(best)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u30d1\u30fc \u30bd\u30ca\u30eb (personal) AJ</td><td>1 \u30ad\u30c3\u30ba (kids)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30a4\u30f3 (in)</td><td>PP</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>\u30d9\u30b9\u30c8 (best)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30b8\u30e5\u30cb\u30a2 (junior)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30b6 (the)</td><td>AR</td><td/></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u30ab\u30e0 (welcome) V</td><td>1\u30b9\u30da\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb (special)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3 \u30d6 (active)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>\u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30e7 \u30a4 (enjoy)</td><td>V</td><td>1\u30d3\u30c3\u30b0 (big)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30af\u30ed\u30fc \u30ba (close)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>\u30a2\u30b2\u30a4\u30f3 (again)</td><td>AD</td><td>1 \u30d9\u30b9\u30c8(best)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30b9\u30da\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb (special)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td>\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0 (ing)</td><td>CJ</td><td>1 \u30cf\u30a4\u30d1\u30fc (hyper)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td>\u30a6\u30a8\u30eb\u30ab\u30e0 (welcome)</td><td>V</td><td>1\u30de\u30a4 (my)</td><td>PO</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td>\u30b5\u30dd\u30fc \u30c8(support)</td><td>V</td><td>1</td><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>1997</td><td/><td>1998</td><td/><td>1999</td><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb (digital)</td><td>AJ</td><td>42 \u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb (digital)</td><td>AJ</td><td>27 \u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb (digital)</td><td>AJ</td><td>39</td></tr><tr><td>\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7 (up)</td><td colspan=\"2\">AD 22 \u30b0\u30ed\u30fc \u30d0\u30eb (global)</td><td>AJ</td><td>15 \u30b0\u30ed\u30fc \u30d0\u30eb (global)</td><td>AJ</td><td>31</td></tr><tr><td>\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc \u30d0\u30eb (global)</td><td>AJ</td><td>18 \u30a2\u30c3\u30d7 (up)</td><td colspan=\"2\">AD 10 \u30b9\u30fc \u30d1\u30fc (super)</td><td>AJ</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><td>\u30b9\u30fc \u30d1\u30fc (super)</td><td>AJ</td><td>14 \u30b9\u30fc \u30d1\u30fc (super)</td><td>AJ</td><td>9 \u30a2\u30c3\u30d7 (up)</td><td colspan=\"2\">AD 10</td></tr><tr><td>\u30aa\u30fc \u30eb (all)</td><td>AJ</td><td>11 \u30aa\u30fc \u30eb (all)</td><td>AJ</td><td>8 \u30aa\u30fc \u30eb (all)</td><td>AJ</td><td>9</td></tr><tr><td>\u30d0\u30fc \u30c1\u30e3\u30eb (virtual)</td><td>AJ</td><td>8 \u30cb\u30e5\u30fc (new)</td><td>AJ</td><td>6 \u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3 (online)</td><td>AJ</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc (new)</td><td>AJ</td><td>5 \u30d0\u30fc \u30c1\u30e3\u30eb (virtual)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3 \u30b8\u30e5\u30cb\u30a2 (junior)</td><td>AJ</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><td>\u30aa\u30fc \u30d7\u30f3 (open)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2 \u30e2\u30d0\u30a4\u30eb (mobile)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3 \u30d0\u30fc \u30c1\u30e3\u30eb (virtual)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3 (online)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2 \u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3 (online)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2 \u30ad\u30c3\u30ba (kids)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>\u30d3\u30c3\u30b0 (big)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2 \u30ad\u30c3\u30ba (kids)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2 \u30cd\u30af\u30b9\u30c8(next)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>\u30b9\u30da\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb (special)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30b8\u30e5\u30cb\u30a2 (junior)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2 \u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u30ea\u30fc (monthly)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>\u30ce\u30fc (no)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30ce\u30fc (no)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2 \u30e2\u30d0\u30a4\u30eb (mobile)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>\u30e1\u30a4\u30f3 (main)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3 \u30d6 (active)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30cb\u30e5\u30fc (new)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>\u30e2\u30d0\u30a4\u30eb (mobile)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30c7\u30a3 \u30b8\u30bf\u30eb (digital)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30ce\u30fc (no)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>\u30a4\u30f3 (in)</td><td>PP</td><td>1 \u30ca\u30a4\u30b9 (nice)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30cf\u30c3\u30d4\u30fc (happy)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td>\u30d9\u30b9\u30c8(best)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30d9\u30b9\u30c8(best)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td>\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u30ea\u30fc (monthly)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30a8\u30f3\u30b8\u30e7 \u30a4(enjoy)</td><td>V</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td>\u30a4\u30f3 (in)</td><td>PP</td><td>1</td><td/><td/></tr><tr><td/><td/><td colspan=\"2\">\u30d5\u30a9\u30fc \u30a8\u30f4\u30a1\u30fc (forever) AD</td><td>1</td><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>2000</td><td/><td>2001</td><td/><td>2002</td><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb (digital)</td><td>AJ</td><td>46 \u30b0\u30ed\u30fc \u30d0\u30eb (global)</td><td>AJ</td><td>24 \u30b0\u30ed\u30fc \u30d0\u30eb (global)</td><td>AJ</td><td>18</td></tr><tr><td>\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc \u30d0\u30eb (global)</td><td>AJ</td><td>23 \u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb (digital)</td><td>AJ</td><td>17 \u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb (digital)</td><td>AJ</td><td>17</td></tr><tr><td>\u30b9\u30fc \u30d1\u30fc (super)</td><td>AJ</td><td>17 \u30b9\u30fc \u30d1\u30fc (super)</td><td>AJ</td><td>12 \u30b8\u30e5\u30cb\u30a2 (junior)</td><td>AJ</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>\u30aa\u30fc \u30eb (all)</td><td>AJ</td><td>10 \u30a2\u30c3\u30d7 (up)</td><td colspan=\"2\">AD 12 \u30a2\u30c3\u30d7 (up)</td><td>AD</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>\u30a2\u30c3\u30d7 (up)</td><td>AD</td><td>8 \u30d9\u30b9\u30c8(best)</td><td>AJ</td><td>5 \u30b9\u30fc \u30d1\u30fc (super)</td><td>AJ</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>\u30e2\u30d0\u30a4\u30eb (mobile)</td><td>AJ</td><td>7 \u30b8\u30e5\u30cb\u30a2 (junior)</td><td>AJ</td><td>4 \u30cb\u30e5\u30fc (new)</td><td>AJ</td><td>7</td></tr><tr><td>\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3 (online)</td><td>AJ</td><td>5 \u30aa\u30fc \u30eb (all)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3 \u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3 (online)</td><td>AJ</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>\u30d0\u30fc \u30c1\u30e3\u30eb (virtual)</td><td>AJ</td><td>4 \u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3 (online)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3 \u30b9\u30da\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb (special)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>\u30b8\u30e5\u30cb\u30a2 (junior)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3 \u30d0\u30fc \u30c1\u30e3\u30eb (virtual)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3 \u30e2\u30d0\u30a4\u30eb (mobile)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc (new)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3 \u30e2\u30d0\u30a4\u30eb (mobile)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3 \u30aa\u30fc \u30eb (all)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>\u30cf\u30a4\u30d1\u30fc (hyper)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3 \u30a4\u30f3 (in)</td><td>PP</td><td>3 \u30ad\u30c3\u30ba (kids)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>\u30ad\u30c3\u30ba (kids)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2 \u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3 \u30d6 (active)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2 \u30ce\u30fc (no)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>\u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3 \u30d6 (active)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30ad\u30c3\u30ba (kids)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2 \u30d0\u30fc \u30c1\u30e3\u30eb (virtual)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>\u30ce\u30fc (no)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30b6 (the)</td><td>AR</td><td>1 \u30a4\u30f3 (in)</td><td>PP</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u30de\u30f3\u30b9\u30ea\u30fc (monthly) AJ</td><td>1 \u30af\u30ed\u30fc \u30ba\u30c9(closed)</td><td>AJ</td><td colspan=\"2\">1 \u30d5\u30a9\u30fc \u30a8\u30d0\u30fc (forever) AD</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>\u30a4\u30f3 (in)</td><td>PP</td><td>1 \u30cf\u30f3\u30c7\u30a3 \u30fc (handy)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30a2\u30af\u30c6\u30a3 \u30d6 (active)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>\u30aa\u30f3\u30ea\u30fc (only)</td><td>AD</td><td>1 \u30d5\u30ea\u30fc (free)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30d3\u30c3\u30b0 (big)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td>\u30de\u30a4 (my)</td><td>PO</td><td>1 \u30d9\u30b9\u30c8(best)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td>\u30a2\u30b2\u30a4\u30f3 (again)</td><td>AD</td><td>1 \u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u30ab\u30e0 (welcome)</td><td>V</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td/><td/><td>\u30aa\u30f3\u30ea\u30fc (only)</td><td>AD</td><td>1</td><td/><td/></tr></table>", | |
| "type_str": "table", | |
| "text": "Katakana expressions in Mainichi Shinbun (cont.)", | |
| "num": null | |
| }, | |
| "TABREF6": { | |
| "html": null, | |
| "content": "<table><tr><td>2003</td><td/><td>2004</td><td/><td>2005</td><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>\u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb (digital)</td><td colspan=\"2\">AJ 30 \u30b9\u30fc \u30d1\u30fc (super)</td><td colspan=\"2\">AJ 33 \u30b9\u30fc \u30d1\u30fc (super)</td><td colspan=\"2\">AJ 28</td></tr><tr><td>\u30d9\u30b9\u30c8 (best)</td><td colspan=\"2\">AJ 30 \u30d9\u30b9\u30c8(best)</td><td colspan=\"2\">AJ 29 \u30d9\u30b9\u30c8(best)</td><td colspan=\"2\">AJ 28</td></tr><tr><td>\u30b9\u30fc \u30d1\u30fc (super)</td><td colspan=\"4\">AJ 28 \u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb (digital) AJ 24 \u30c7\u30b8\u30bf\u30eb (digital)</td><td colspan=\"2\">AJ 22</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"7\">\u30b0\u30ed\u30fc \u30d0\u30eb (global) AJ 10 \u30b0\u30ed\u30fc \u30d0\u30eb (global) AJ 13 \u30b0\u30ed\u30fc \u30d0\u30eb (global) AJ 14</td></tr><tr><td>\u30b8\u30e5\u30cb\u30a2 (junior)</td><td>AJ</td><td>\u30aa\u30fc \u30eb (all)</td><td>AJ</td><td>7 \u30aa\u30fc \u30eb (all)</td><td colspan=\"2\">AJ 13</td></tr><tr><td>\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc (new)</td><td>AJ</td><td colspan=\"2\">6 \u30d0\u30fc \u30c1\u30e3\u30eb (virtual) AJ</td><td>4 \u30ce\u30fc (no)</td><td colspan=\"2\">AJ 11</td></tr><tr><td>\u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3 (online)</td><td>AJ</td><td colspan=\"2\">4 \u30e2\u30d0\u30a4\u30eb (mobile) AJ</td><td>3 \u30b8\u30e5\u30cb\u30a2 (junior)</td><td>AJ</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td colspan=\"2\">\u30d0\u30fc \u30c1\u30e3\u30eb (virtual) AJ</td><td>3 \u30a2\u30f3\u30c9(and)</td><td>CJ</td><td>1 \u30de\u30a4 (my)</td><td>PO</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><td>\u30a4\u30f3 (in)</td><td>PP</td><td colspan=\"2\">2 \u30c7\u30a3 \u30b8\u30bf\u30eb (digital) AJ</td><td>1 \u30aa\u30f3\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3 (online)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>\u30aa\u30fc \u30eb (all)</td><td>AJ</td><td>2 \u30cb\u30e5\u30fc (new)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1 \u30e2\u30d0\u30a4\u30eb (mobile)</td><td>AJ</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><td>\u30de\u30a4 (my)</td><td>PO</td><td>2 \u30d3\u30c3\u30b0 (big)</td><td>AJ</td><td colspan=\"2\">1 \u30d0\u30fc \u30c1\u30e3\u30eb (virtual) AJ</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><td>\u30d5\u30ed\u30e0 (from)</td><td>PP</td><td>1 \u30de\u30a4 (my)</td><td>PO</td><td>1 \u30d0\u30a4(by)</td><td>PP</td><td>1</td></tr><tr><td>\u30e2\u30d0\u30a4\u30eb (mobile)</td><td>AJ</td><td>1</td><td/><td/><td/><td/></tr></table>", | |
| "type_str": "table", | |
| "text": "Katakana expressions in Mainichi Shinbun (cont.)", | |
| "num": null | |
| }, | |
| "TABREF7": { | |
| "html": null, | |
| "content": "<table/>", | |
| "type_str": "table", | |
| "text": "Katakana expressions in articles from the Internet", | |
| "num": null | |
| }, | |
| "TABREF8": { | |
| "html": null, | |
| "content": "<table><tr><td colspan=\"2\">Phrases (3 types, 83 tokens in total)</td><td colspan=\"2\">Suffixes (1 type, 28 tokens in total)</td></tr><tr><td>\u30ec\u30c3\u30c4 (let's)</td><td>73 \uff0a\u4e0d\u52d5\u7523 (* real estate)</td><td>\u30a4\u30f3\u30b0 (ing)</td><td>28 \u904a\uff0a (play * )</td></tr><tr><td>\u30b6\u30c3\u30c4 (that's)</td><td>8 \uff0a\u4e0b\u753a\u8003</td><td/><td/></tr><tr><td/><td>(* thinking about downtown)</td><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>\u30a6\u30a7\u30eb\u30ab\u30e0\u30c8 \u30a5</td><td>2 \uff0a\u304a\u53f0\u5834\u30e9\u30b8\u30aa\u4f1a\u9928</td><td/><td/></tr><tr><td>(welcome to)</td><td/><td/><td/></tr></table>", | |
| "type_str": "table", | |
| "text": "Katakana expressions in articles from the Internet (cont.)", | |
| "num": null | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } | |
| } |