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+ "page_name": "All Christopher Nolan Movies Ranked by Tomatometer | Rotten Tomatoes",
+ "page_url": "https://editorial.rottentomatoes.com/guide/all-christopher-nolan-movies-ranked-by-tomatometer/",
+ "page_snippet": "From Following to The Dark Knight to Dunkirk to Oppenheimer, we rank the influential director's movies by score!Critics Consensus: Driven by Al Pacino and Robin Williams' performances, Insomnia is a smart and riveting psychological drama. Synopsis: From acclaimed director Chris Nolan (\"Memento\") comes the story of a veteran police detective (Al Pacino) who is sent to... [More] Starring: Al Pacino, Robin Williams, Hilary Swank, Maura Tierney ... Critics Consensus: The Dark Knight Rises is an ambitious, thoughtful, and potent action film that concludes Christopher Nolan's franchise in spectacular fashion. Then, boom: You\u2019re good to go in your new career as a rising director. For Nolan, the next step up was a surprising move at the time: Resurrecting Bruce Wayne for Batman Begins, whose big-screen reputation had been trashed by Batman & Robin. With The Prestige, he really began to establish himself as a brand and icon whose pictures you can rely on to feature slick-as-ice style, heavy dollops of science fiction, mind-warping concepts and resolutions, and a growing repertoire of actors to fulfill his vision. Critics Consensus: Oppenheimer marks another engrossing achievement from Christopher Nolan that benefits from Murphy's tour-de-force performance and stunning visuals. Christopher Nolan had such a perfect outsider journey into Hollywood filmmaking, he makes transforming into one of the world\u2019s foremost A-list directors look simple. First, you make your requisite black-and-white feature debut for less than a half-million dollars (Following) in England.",
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All Christopher Nolan Movies Ranked by Tomatometer
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Christopher Nolan had such a perfect outsider journey into Hollywood filmmaking, he makes transforming into one of the world’s foremost A-list directors look simple. First, you make your requisite black-and-white feature debut for less than a half-million dollars (Following) in England. Then you come over to America, put together an inventive, almost revolutionary indie (Memento), which gets you invited into the big studio system for Insomnia, where two seasoned pros like Robin Williams and Al Pacino can recognize an up-and-coming talent and agree to star. Then, boom: You’re good to go in your new career as a rising director.
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For Nolan, the next step up was a surprising move at the time: Resurrecting Bruce Wayne for Batman Begins, whose big-screen reputation had been trashed by Batman & Robin. With\u00a0The Prestige, he really began to establish himself as a brand and icon whose pictures you can rely on to feature slick-as-ice style, heavy dollops of science fiction, mind-warping concepts and resolutions, and a growing repertoire of actors to fulfill his vision. Inception and Interstellar certainly fit this mold, while The Dark Knight (and its Rises sequel, to an extent) revolutionized comic book movies and pop culture fandom. And lest we think he forgot his roots, Dunkirk was a worthy movie monument to the WWII military evacuation’s inspirational stature within British society.
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2020’s Tenet was a bellwether to test the lockdown winds. Its release was controversial and helped sever Nolan’s working relationship with Warner Bros. Now, he has his Oppenheimer biopic at Universal, which currently is his top film. And now we rank all Christopher Nolan movies by Tomatometer! —Alex Vo \n\n
Critics Consensus:Oppenheimer marks another engrossing achievement from Christopher Nolan that benefits from Murphy's tour-de-force performance and stunning visuals.
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Synopsis: During World War II, Lt. Gen. Leslie Groves Jr. appoints physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer to work on the top-secret Manhattan... [More]
Critics Consensus: Dark, complex, and unforgettable, The Dark Knight succeeds not just as an entertaining comic book film, but as a richly thrilling crime saga.
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Synopsis: With the help of allies Lt. Jim Gordon (Gary Oldman) and DA Harvey Dent (Aaron Eckhart), Batman (Christian Bale) has... [More]
Critics Consensus:Dunkirk serves up emotionally satisfying spectacle, delivered by a writer-director in full command of his craft and brought to life by a gifted ensemble cast that honors the fact-based story.
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Synopsis: In May 1940, Germany advanced into France, trapping Allied troops on the beaches of Dunkirk. Under air and ground cover... [More]
Critics Consensus:The Dark Knight Rises is an ambitious, thoughtful, and potent action film that concludes Christopher Nolan's franchise in spectacular fashion.
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Synopsis: It has been eight years since Batman (Christian Bale), in collusion with Commissioner Gordon (Gary Oldman), vanished into the night.... [More]
Critics Consensus: Brooding and dark, but also exciting and smart, Batman Begins is a film that understands the essence of one of the definitive superheroes.
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Synopsis: A young Bruce Wayne (Christian Bale) travels to the Far East, where he's trained in the martial arts by Henri... [More]
Critics Consensus: Full of twists and turns, The Prestige is a dazzling period piece that never stops challenging the audience.
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Synopsis: An illusion gone horribly wrong pits two 19th-century magicians, Alfred Borden (Christian Bale) and Rupert Angier (Hugh Jackman), against each... [More]
Critics Consensus:Interstellar represents more of the thrilling, thought-provoking, and visually resplendent filmmaking moviegoers have come to expect from writer-director Christopher Nolan, even if its intellectual reach somewhat exceeds its grasp.
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Synopsis: In Earth's future, a global crop blight and second Dust Bowl are slowly rendering the planet uninhabitable. Professor Brand (Michael... [More]
Critics Consensus: Super brief but efficient, Following represents director Christopher Nolan's burgeoning talent in tight filmmaking and hard-edge noir.
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Synopsis: Lacking prospects, a writer (Jeremy Theobald) begins tailing strangers, until he encounters a voyeuristic thief (Alex Haw).... [More]
Critics Consensus: A visually dazzling puzzle for film lovers to unlock, Tenet serves up all the cerebral spectacle audiences expect from a Christopher Nolan production.
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Synopsis: A secret agent embarks on a dangerous, time-bending mission to prevent the start of World War III.... [More]
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+ "page_name": "Christopher Nolan - Wikipedia",
+ "page_url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Nolan",
+ "page_snippet": "Christopher Edward Nolan CBE (born 30 July 1970) is a British and American filmmaker. Known for his Hollywood blockbusters with complex storytelling, Nolan is considered a leading filmmaker of the 21st century. His films have grossed more than $6 billion worldwide, ranking him amongst the ...The Dark Knight set many box-office records during its theatrical run, earning over $1 billion worldwide. At the 81st Academy Awards, the film was nominated in eight categories, winning two: Best Sound Editing for Richard King and a posthumous Best Supporting Actor award for Heath Ledger. The film's failure to garner a Best Picture nomination was criticised by the media. Beginning in 2010, the Academy increased their Best Picture nominees from five to ten, a change known as \"The Dark Knight Rule\". Nolan received many awards and nominations for his work on the film. Terming it \"boldly imaginative and [Nolan's] most mature work yet\", BBC Culture's Caryn James added that it combined the \"explosive, commercially-enticing action of The Dark Knight trilogy\" with the \"cerebral underpinnings\" of Memento, Inception and Tenet. Oppenheimer grossed over $960 million worldwide, making it the third-highest-grossing film of 2023. Among the film's numerous accolades, Nolan won the Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture. He would repeatedly watch the latter film and extensively research its making. Nolan began making films at the age of seven, borrowing his father's Super 8 camera and shooting short films with his action figures. These films included a stop motion animation homage to Star Wars called Space Wars. Nolan began making films at the age of seven, borrowing his father's Super 8 camera and shooting short films with his action figures. These films included a stop motion animation homage to Star Wars called Space Wars. He cast his brother Jonathan and built sets from \"clay, flour, egg boxes and toilet rolls\". His uncle, who had worked at NASA building guidance systems for the Apollo rockets, sent him some launch footage: \"I re-filmed them off the screen and cut them in, thinking no-one would notice\", Nolan later remarked. Following won several awards during its festival run and was well received by critics who labelled Nolan a majorly talented debutant. Scott Timberg of New Times LA wrote that it \"echoed Hitchcock classics\", but was \"leaner and meaner\". Janet Maslin of The New York Times was impressed with its \"spare look\" and \"agile hand-held camerawork\", saying, \"As a result, the actors convincingly carry off the before, during and after modes that the film eventually, and artfully, weaves together.\"",
+ "page_result": "\n\n\n\nChristopher Nolan - Wikipedia\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJump to content\n
Christopher Edward Nolan was born on 30 July 1970, in Westminster, London. His father, Brendan James Nolan, was a British advertising executive of Irish descent [1] who worked as a creative director. His mother, Christina Jensen, was an American flight attendant from Evanston, Illinois; she would later work as a teacher of English. He has an elder brother, Matthew, and a younger brother, Jonathan, also a filmmaker. The three brothers were raised Catholic in Highgate and would spend their summers in Evanston.[2][3] Nolan holds both UK and US citizenship.[4]\n
Growing up, Nolan was particularly influenced by the work of Ridley Scott and the science fiction films 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968) and Star Wars (1977).[6][7] He would repeatedly watch the latter film and extensively research its making.[8] Nolan began making films at the age of seven, borrowing his father's Super8 camera and shooting short films with his action figures.[9] These films included a stop motion animation homage to Star Wars called Space Wars. He cast his brother Jonathan and built sets from \"clay, flour, egg boxes and toilet rolls\".[6] His uncle, who had worked at NASA building guidance systems for the Apollo rockets, sent him some launch footage: \"I re-filmed them off the screen and cut them in, thinking no-one would notice\", Nolan later remarked.[10] From the age of 11, he aspired to be a professional filmmaker.[11] Between 1981 and 1983, Nolan enrolled at Barrow Hills, a Catholic prep school in Witley, Surrey.[12] In his teenage years, Nolan started making films with Adrien and Roko Belic. Nolan and Roko co-directed the surreal 8mm Tarantella (1989), which was shown on Image Union, an independent film and video showcase on the Public Broadcasting Service.[a][14][15] After a fan posted a copy of Tarantella online, in 2021, Nolan's production company filed a copyright infringement claim, to have the film removed.[16]\n
After earning his bachelor's degree in English literature in 1993, Nolan worked as a script reader, camera operator and director of corporate films and industrial films.[18][20][21] He directed, wrote and edited the short film Larceny (1996),[22] which was filmed over a weekend in black and white with limited equipment and a small cast and crew.[14][23] Funded by Nolan and shot with the UCL Union Film society's equipment, it appeared at the Cambridge Film Festival in 1996 and is considered one of UCL's best shorts.[24] For unknown reasons, the film has since been removed from public view.[22] Nolan filmed a third short, Doodlebug (1997), about a man seemingly chasing an insect with his shoe, only to discover that it is a miniature of himself.[17][25]\n
Nolan and Thomas first attempted to make a feature in the mid-1990s titled Larry Mahoney, which they scrapped.[26] During this period in his career, Nolan had little to no success getting his projects off the ground, facing several rejections; he added, \"[T]here's a very limited pool of finance in the UK. To be honest, it's a very clubby kind of place ... Never had any support whatsoever from the British film industry.\"[27]\n
Shortly after abandoning Larry Mahoney, Nolan conceived the idea for his first feature, Following (1998), which he wrote, directed, photographed and edited. The film depicts an unemployed young writer (Jeremy Theobald) who trails strangers through London, hoping they will provide material for his first novel, but is drawn into a criminal underworld when he fails to keep his distance. It was inspired by Nolan's experience of living in London and having his apartment burgled; he observed that the common attribute between larceny and pursuing someone through a crowd was that they both cross social boundaries.[28] Co-produced by Nolan with Thomas and Theobald,[29] it was made on a budget of around \u00a33,000. Most of the cast and crew were friends of Nolan, and shooting took place on weekends over the course of a year.[30] To conserve film stock, each scene was rehearsed extensively to ensure that the first or second take could be used in the final edit.[17][31]Following won several awards during its festival run and was well received by critics who labelled Nolan a majorly talented debutant.[32][33]Scott Timberg of New Times LA wrote that it \"echoed Hitchcock classics\", but was \"leaner and meaner\".[34]Janet Maslin of The New York Times was impressed with its \"spare look\" and \"agile hand-held camerawork\", saying, \"As a result, the actors convincingly carry off the before, during and after modes that the film eventually, and artfully, weaves together.\"[35]\n
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\"The difference between shooting Following with a group of friends wearing our own clothes and my mum making sandwiches to spending $4 million of somebody else's money on Memento and having a crew of a hundred people is, to this day, by far the biggest leap I've ever made.\"\n
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\u2014Nolan on the jump from his first film to his second (2012)[36]
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Following's success afforded Nolan the opportunity to make Memento (2000), which became his breakthrough film. His brother Jonathan pitched the idea to him, about a man with anterograde amnesia who uses notes and tattoos to hunt for his wife's murderer. Jonathan worked the idea into a short story, \"Memento Mori\" (2001), and Nolan developed it into a screenplay that told the story in reverse. Aaron Ryder, an executive for Newmarket Films, said it was \"perhaps the most innovative script I had ever seen\".[37] The film was optioned and given a budget of $4.5million, with Guy Pearce and Carrie-Anne Moss in the starring roles.[38] Newmarket also distributed the film after it was rejected by studios who feared that it would not attract a wide audience. Following a positive word of mouth and screenings in 500 theatres, it earned $40million.[39]Memento premiered at the Venice Film Festival in September 2000 to critical acclaim.[40]Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal wrote in his review, \"I can't remember when a movie has seemed so clever, strangely affecting and slyly funny at the very same time.\"[41] In the book The Philosophy of Neo-Noir, Basil Smith drew a comparison with John Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, which argues that conscious memories constitute our identities \u2013 a theme Nolan explores in the film.[42]Memento earned Nolan many accolades, including nominations for an Academy Award and a Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay, as well as two Independent Spirit Awards: Best Director and Best Screenplay.[43][44] Six critics listed it as one of the best films of the 2000s.[45] In 2001, Nolan and Emma Thomas founded the production company Syncopy Inc.[46][b]\n
Impressed by his work on Memento, filmmaker Steven Soderbergh recommended Nolan to Warner Bros. to direct the psychological thrillerInsomnia (2002), although the studio initially wanted a more seasoned director.[48] A remake of the 1997 Norwegian thriller of the same name, the film is viewed as \"the outlier of Nolan's filmography\" due to its perceived lack of unconventionality he is known for.[49] Starring Al Pacino, Robin Williams and Hilary Swank,[50]Insomnia follows two Los Angeles detectives sent to a northern Alaskan town to investigate the murder of a local teenager. It received positive reviews from critics and earned $113million against a budget of $46million.[51][52] Film critic Roger Ebert praised the film for introducing new perspectives and ideas on the issues of morality and guilt, adding, \"Unlike most remakes, the Nolan Insomnia is not a pale retread, but a re-examination of the material, like a new production of a good play.\"[53]Richard Schickel of Time deemed Insomnia a \"worthy successor\" to Memento and \"a triumph of atmosphere over a none-too-mysterious mystery\".[54]\n
Following, Memento and Insomnia established Nolan's image as an \"auteur\".[55] After the lattermost, he wrote a screenplay for a Howard Hughes biopic. Nolan reluctantly tabled his script after learning that Martin Scorsese was already making one such film: The Aviator (2004).[56] He was then briefly attached to direct a film adaptation of Ruth Rendell's novel The Keys to the Street for Fox Searchlight Pictures but chose to direct Batman Begins instead.[57] Nolan turned down an offer to direct the historical epic Troy (2004).[58] In April 2003, filmmaker David O. Russell put Nolan in a headlock at a Hollywood party after learning that Jude Law, whom Russell wanted to cast, had decided to work with Nolan instead. Russell pressured Nolan to display \"artistic solidarity\" by relinquishing Law from his cast.[59][60]\n
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2003\u20132013: Widespread recognition
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In early 2003, Nolan approached Warner Bros. with the idea of making a new Batman film, based on the character's origin story.[61] Nolan was fascinated by the notion of grounding it in a more realistic world than a comic-book fantasy.[62] He relied heavily on traditional stunts and miniature effects during filming, with minimal use of computer-generated imagery (CGI).[63]Batman Begins (2005), the biggest project Nolan had undertaken to that point,[64] was released to critical acclaim and commercial success.[65][66] Starring Christian Bale as Bruce Wayne / Batman\u2014along with Michael Caine, Gary Oldman, Morgan Freeman and Liam Neeson\u2014Batman Begins revived the franchise.[67][68]Batman Begins was 2005's ninth-highest-grossing film and was praised for its psychological depth and contemporary relevance;[66][69] it is cited as one of the most influential films of the 2000s.[70] Film author Ian Nathan wrote that within five years of his career, Nolan \"[went] from unknown to indie darling to gaining creative control over one of the biggest properties in Hollywood, and (perhaps unwittingly) fomenting the genre that would redefine the entire industry\".[71]\n
Nolan directed, co-wrote and produced The Prestige (2006), an adaptation of the Christopher Priest novel about two rival 19th-century magicians.[72] The screenplay was the result of an intermittent, five-year collaboration between him and his brother Jonathan, who had begun writing it already in 2001. Nolan initially intended to make the film as early as 2003, but had postponed the project after agreeing to make Batman Begins.[73][74] Starring Hugh Jackman and Christian Bale in the lead roles of rival magicians, The Prestige received critical acclaim and received two Academy Award nominations.[75][76] Roger Ebert described it as \"quite a movie – atmospheric, obsessive, almost satanic\",[77] and Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times called it an \"ambitious, unnerving melodrama\".[78]The Guardian'sPhilip French wrote: \"In addition to the intellectual or philosophical excitement it engenders, The Prestige is gripping, suspenseful, mysterious, moving and often darkly funny.\"[79] Despite a negative box-office prognosis, the film earned over $109million against a budget of $40million.[80]\n
\nNolan (left) with the cast and crew of The Dark Knight at the 2008 European premiere in London\n
The Dark Knight (2008), the follow-up to Batman Begins, was Nolan's next venture. Initially reluctant to make a sequel, he agreed after Warner Bros. repeatedly insisted.[81] Nolan wanted to expand on the noir quality of the first film by broadening the canvas and taking on \"the dynamic of a story of the city, a large crime story... where you're looking at the police, the justice system, the vigilante, the poor people, the rich people, the criminals\".[82] Continuing to minimalise the use of CGI, Nolan employed high-resolution IMAX cameras, making it the first major motion picture to use this technology.[83][84]The Dark Knight has been ranked as one of the best films of the 2000s and one of the best superhero films ever made.[c] Many critics declare The Dark Knight to be \"the most successful comic book film ever made\".[89]Manohla Dargis of The New York Times found the film to be of higher artistic merit than many Hollywood blockbusters: \"Pitched at the divide between art and industry, poetry and entertainment, it goes darker and deeper than any Hollywood movie of its comic-book kind.\"[90] Ebert expressed a similar point of view, describing it as a \"haunted film that leaps beyond its origins and becomes an engrossing tragedy\".[91]The Dark Knight set many box-office records during its theatrical run,[92] earning over $1billion worldwide.[93] At the 81st Academy Awards, the film was nominated in eight categories, winning two: Best Sound Editing for Richard King and a posthumous Best Supporting Actor award for Heath Ledger.[94] The film's failure to garner a Best Picture nomination was criticised by the media. Beginning in 2010, the Academy increased their Best Picture nominees from five to ten, a change known as \"The Dark Knight Rule\".[95] Nolan received many awards and nominations for his work on the film.[43] In the late 2000s, Nolan was reported to direct a film adaptation of the 1960s television series The Prisoner.[57][96]\n
The success of The Dark Knight allowed Warner Bros. to sign Nolan to write, direct and co-produce Inception (2010) \u2013 a film for which he had the idea around nine years before its release.[97] Nolan described the film as \"a contemporary sci-fi actioner set within the architecture of the mind\".[98] Starring a large ensemble cast led by Leonardo DiCaprio, the film became a critical and commercial success upon its release.[99] Film critic Mark Kermode named it the best film of 2010, stating \"Inception is proof that people are not stupid, that cinema is not trash, and that it is possible for blockbusters and art to be the same thing.\"[100] Philosophy professor David Kyle Johnson wrote that \"Inception became a classic almost as soon as it was projected on silver screens\", praising its exploration of philosophical ideas, including leap of faith and allegory of the cave.[101] The film grossed over $836million worldwide.[102] Nominated for eight Academy Awards\u2014including Best Picture and Best Original Screenplay\u2014it won Best Cinematography, Best Sound Mixing, Best Sound Editing and Best Visual Effects.[103] Nolan was nominated for a BAFTA Award and a Golden Globe Award for Best Director, among other accolades.[43]\n
\nNolan at the 2013 premiere of Man of Steel in London\n
Around the release of The Dark Knight Rises (2012), Nolan's third and final Batman film, Joseph Bevan of the British Film Institute wrote a profile on him: \"In the space of just over a decade, Christopher Nolan has shot from promising British indie director to undisputed master of a new brand of intelligent escapism.\"[104] After initial hesitation, Nolan agreed to return to direct The Dark Knight Rises and worked with his brother and David S. Goyer to develop a story that he felt would end the trilogy on a high note.[105] The film was released to positive reviews.[106] Kenneth Turan found the film \"potent, persuasive and hypnotic\" and \"more than an exceptional superhero movie, it is masterful filmmaking by any standard\".[107]Christy Lemire of HuffPost wrote in her review that Nolan concluded his trilogy in a \"typically spectacular, ambitious fashion\", but disliked the \"overloaded\" story and excessive grimness.[108]The Dark Knight Rises was a box office success, becoming the thirteenth film to gross $1billion.[109] During a midnight showing of the film in Aurora, Colorado, a gunman opened fire inside the theatre, killing 12 people and injuring 58 others.[110] Nolan released a statement expressing his condolences for the victims of what he described as a \"senseless tragedy\".[111]\n
The Dark Knight trilogy inspired a trend in future superhero films seeking to replicate its gritty, realistic tone to little success. The second instalment in particular revitalised the genre at a time when recent superhero films had failed to meet expectations.[112][113] Ben Child of The Guardian wrote that the three films \"will remain thrilling totems of the genre for decades to come\".[112] During story discussions for The Dark Knight Rises, Goyer told Nolan of his idea about Man of Steel (2013), which the latter would produce.[114] Impressed with Zack Snyder's work in 300 (2006) and Watchmen (2009), Nolan hired him to direct the film.[115] Starring Henry Cavill as Clark Kent who learns that he is a powerful alien, Man of Steel received mixed reviews and grossed more than $660million against a budget of $220million.[116][117]\n
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2014\u20132019: Interstellar, Dunkirk and other activities
\nNolan and his younger brother, Jonathan (pictured in 2017), wrote several screenplays together, including that of Interstellar.\n
Nolan next directed, wrote and produced the science-fiction film Interstellar (2014). The first drafts of the script were written by Jonathan Nolan, and it was originally to be directed by Steven Spielberg.[118] Based on the scientific theories of theoretical physicistKip Thorne, the film follows a group of astronauts who travel through a wormhole in search of a new home for humanity.[119] In a 2014 discussion of the film's physics, Nolan expressed his admiration for scientific objectivity, wishing it were applied \"in every aspect of our civilisation\".[120]Interstellar \u2013 starring Matthew McConaughey, Anne Hathaway and Jessica Chastain \u2013 was released to positive reviews and grossed $773million worldwide.[121][122] Observing its \"visual dazzle, thematic ambition\", The New York Times'sA. O. Scott wrote that Interstellar is a \"sweeping, futuristic adventure driven by grief, dread and regret\".[123] Documentary filmmaker Toni Myers called the film \"a real work of art\" and praised it for exploring a story spanning multiple generations.[124]Interstellar was particularly praised for its scientific accuracy, which led to the publication of two academic papers.[125][126] The American Journal of Physics called for it to be shown in school science lessons.[127][128] At the 87th Academy Awards, the film won Best Visual Effects and received four other nominations.[129] Also in 2014, Nolan and Emma Thomas served as executive producers on Transcendence, the directorial debut of his longtime cinematographer Wally Pfister.[130]\n
In the mid-2010s, Nolan took part in several ventures for film preservation and distribution of the work of lesser-known filmmakers. His production company, Syncopy, formed a joint venture with Zeitgeist Films to release Blu-ray editions of Zeitgeist's films.[131] As a part of the Blu-ray release of the animation films of the Brothers Quay, Nolan directed the documentary short Quay (2015). He initiated a theatrical tour, showcasing the Quays' In Absentia, The Comb and Street of Crocodiles. IndieWire wrote that the brothers \"will undoubtedly have hundreds, if not thousands more fans because of Nolan, and for that The Quay Brothers in 35mm will always be one of [the] latter's most important contributions to cinema\".[132][133] An advocate for the survival of the analogue medium, Nolan and visual artist Tacita Dean invited representatives from leading American film archives, laboratories and presenting institutions to participate in an informal summit entitled Reframing the Future of Film at the Getty Museum in March 2015.[134][135] Subsequent events were held at Tate Modern in London, Museo Tamayo in Mexico City and Tata Theatre in Mumbai.[136] In April 2015, Nolan joined the board of directors of The Film Foundation, a non-profitable organisation dedicated to film preservation,[137] and was appointed, along with Martin Scorsese, by the Library of Congress to serve on the National Film Preservation Board as DGA representatives.[138] Nolan serves on the Motion Picture & Television Fund Board of Governors.[139]\n
After serving as an executive producer on Zack Snyder's Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice (2016) and Justice League (2017),[140][141] Nolan returned to directing with Dunkirk (2017). Based on his own original screenplay and co-produced with Thomas, the film is set amid World War II in 1940 and the evacuation of Allied soldiers from the beaches of Dunkirk, France. Describing the film as a survival tale with a triptych structure, Nolan wanted to make a \"sensory, almost experimental movie\" with minimal dialogue.[142] He said he waited to make Dunkirk until he had earned the trust of a major studio to let him make it as a British film but with an American budget.[143] Before filming, Nolan sought advice from Spielberg, who later said in an interview with Variety, \"knowing and respecting that Chris [Nolan] is one of the world's most imaginative filmmakers, my advice to him was to leave his imagination, as I did on Ryan, in second position to the research he was doing to authentically acquit this historical drama\".[144] Starring an ensemble cast,[145]Dunkirk was released to widespread critical acclaim and strong box office results.[146][147][148] It grossed over $526million worldwide, making it the highest-grossing World WarII film of all time.[149] In his review, Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle wrote: \"It's one of the best war films ever made, distinct in its look, in its approach and in the effect it has on viewers. There are movies\u2014they are rare\u2014that lift you out of your present circumstances and immerse you so fully in another experience that you watch in a state of jaw-dropped awe. Dunkirk is that kind of movie.\"[150] The film received many accolades, including Nolan's first Oscar nomination for Best Director.[151]\n
In 2018, Nolan supervised a new 70mm print of Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), made from the original camera negative; he presented it at the 2018 Cannes Film Festival.[152]USA Today observed that festival-goers greeted Nolan \"like a rock star with a standing ovation\".[153] A year later, Nolan and Thomas received executive producer credits on The Doll's Breath (2019), an animated short directed by the Quay brothers.[154]\n
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2020\u2013present: Tenet and Oppenheimer
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Nolan's next film was the science fiction film Tenet (2020), described by Tom Shone of The Sunday Times as \"a globe-spinning riff on all things Nolanesque\".[155] Nolan had worked on the screenplay for more than five years after deliberating about its central ideas for over a decade.[156] Delayed three times due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Tenet was the first Hollywood tent-pole to open in theatres after the pandemic shutdown.[157] The film tells the story of an unnamed protagonist (played by John David Washington) who travels through time to stop a world-threatening attack.[158] It grossed $363million worldwide on a production budget of $200million, becoming Nolan's first to underperform at the box-office.[159]Tenet was described as his most polarising film; critics praised the ambition and technical aspects but found its story confusing.[160][151]Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian awarded it five out of five, calling it \"a cerebral cadenza, a deadpan flourish of crazy implausibility\u2014but supercharged with steroidal energy and imagination\".[161] Leslie Felperin of The Hollywood Reporter described it as \"a chilly, cerebral film\u2014easy to admire, especially since it's so rich in audacity and originality, but almost impossible to love, lacking as it is in a certain humanity\".[162] At the 93rd Academy Awards, the film won Best Visual Effects and was nominated for Best Production Design.[163] Following the release of Tenet, Nolan joined the Advisory Board of the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers.[164] He served as an executive producer on Zack Snyder's Justice League (2021), a director's cut of 2017's Justice League.[165]\n
Nolan's 12th film was Oppenheimer (2023), a biopic based on J. Robert Oppenheimer (played by Cillian Murphy) and his role in the development of the atom bomb.[166] It was Nolan's first R-rated film since Insomnia (2002).[167] The film was financed and distributed by Universal Pictures, making it Nolan's first since Memento that was not made for Warner Bros. He disagreed with Warner Bros.' decision to simultaneously release their films in theatres and on HBO Max.[168] Nolan secured the deal with Universal after he was promised a production budget of around $100 million with an equal marketing budget, total creative control, 20 per cent of first-dollar gross, a 100-day theatrical window and a blackout period from the studio wherein the company would not release another film three weeks before or after Oppenheimer's release.[169] The film received critical acclaim.[170] Matthew Jackson of The A.V. Club wrote, \"Oppenheimer deserves the title of masterpiece. It's Christopher Nolan's best film so far, a step up to a new level for one of our finest filmmakers, and a movie that burns itself into your brain.\"[171] Terming it \"boldly imaginative and [Nolan's] most mature work yet\", BBC Culture's Caryn James added that it combined the \"explosive, commercially-enticing action of The Dark Knight trilogy\" with the \"cerebral underpinnings\" of Memento, Inception and Tenet.[172]Oppenheimer grossed over $960million worldwide, making it the third-highest-grossing film of 2023.[173] Among the film's numerous accolades,[174][175] Nolan won the Academy Awards for Best Director and Best Picture.[176]\n
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Personal life and public image
\nNolan and his wife Emma Thomas in January 2011\n
Nolan prefers to maintain a certain level of mystery about his work.[179] Refusing to discuss his personal life,[180] he feels that too much biographical information about a filmmaker detracts from the experience of his audiences. \"I actually don't want people to have me in mind at all when they're watching the films.\"[179]\n
Nolan's films are largely centred in metaphysical themes, exploring the concepts of time, memory and personal identity.[181][182] His work is characterised by mathematically-inspired ideas and images, unconventional narrative structures, materialistic perspectives, and evocative use of music and sound.[d] Filmmaker Guillermo del Toro called Nolan \"an emotional mathematician\".[187]BBC's arts editor Will Gompertz described him as \"an art house auteur making intellectually ambitious blockbuster movies that can leave your pulse racing and your head spinning\".[188] Joseph Bevan wrote, \"His films allow arthouse regulars to enjoy superhero flicks and multiplex crowds to engage with labyrinthine plot conceits.\"[104] Nolan views himself as \"an indie filmmaker working inside the studio system\".[189]\n
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\"Christopher Nolan doesn't make sense. And that is exactly how he likes it. In twenty-three years and through twelve films, he has defied the laws of Hollywood by creating startling, original genre pieces that have revelled in their own complexity, confounding every maxim by which the studios hope to appeal to the widest audience. And yet he does that too. Cinemas fill on the possibility of the next Nolan film. Whatever form it might take.\"\n
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\u2014Film author Ian Nathan on Nolan as a filmmaker (2022)[190]
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In the sixteen-essay book The Philosophy of Christopher Nolan, professional philosophers and writers analysed Nolan's work; they identified themes of self-destruction, the nature and value of the truth, and the political mindset of the hero and villain, among others.[191] Robbie B. H. Goh, a professor of English literature, described Nolan as a \"philosophical filmmaker\" who includes philosophical ideas\u2014existentialism, morality, epistemology and the distinction between appearance and reality\u2014in films that frequently portray suspense, action and violence. Goh appreciated his ability to incorporate such themes in films that possess \"elements of the Hollywood blockbuster\"\u2014which help keep the audiences engaged\u2014but simultaneously remain \"more thoughtful and self-reflexive than the typical consumerist action film\".[192] He further wrote that Nolan's body of work reflect \"a heterogeneity of conditions of products\" extending from low-budget films to lucrative blockbusters, \"a wide range of genres and settings\" and \"a diversity of styles that trumpet his versatility\".[193]\n
David Bordwell, a film theorist, wrote that Nolan has been able to blend his \"experimental impulses\" with the demands of mainstream entertainment, describing his oeuvre as \"experiments with cinematic time by means of techniques of subjective viewpoint and crosscutting\".[194] Nolan's use of practical, in-camera effects, miniatures and models, as well as shooting on celluloid film, has been highly influential in early 21st century cinema.[195][196] IndieWire wrote in 2019 that, Nolan \"kept a viable alternate model of big-budget filmmaking alive\", in an era where blockbuster filmmaking has become \"a largely computer-generated art form\".[196] Because of Nolan's deep involvement in the technical facet of his films, Stuart Joy described him as a \"complete filmmaker\", who \"oversees all aspects of production while also managing cultural and industrial factors outside of the text\".[197]\n
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Recognition
\n
Nolan has made some of the most influential and popular films of his time.[e] Many of his films have been regarded by critics as among the best of their respective decades,[45][202][203] and according to The Wall Street Journal, his \"ability to combine box-office success with artistic ambition has given him an extraordinary amount of clout in the industry\".[204] His films have earned more than $6billion.[205] Nolan's films Memento and The Dark Knight have been selected by the US Library of Congress to be preserved in the National Film Registry for being \"culturally, historically or aesthetically\" significant.[206][207] These films and Inception appeared in BBC's 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century and The Hollywood Reporter's poll of best films ever made.[208][209] In 2017, The Dark Knight, Inception and Interstellar featured in Empire magazine's poll of \"The 100 Greatest Movies\".[210] In 2018, The Hollywood Reporter listed Nolan as one of the 100 most powerful people in entertainment and described him as a \"franchise unto himself\".[211]Parade ranked Nolan number eight in its 2022 list of 75 Best Movie Directors of All Time.[212]\n
Nolan's work has been as \"intensely embraced, analysed and debated by ordinary film fans as by critics and film academics\".[180][213] Calling him \"a persuasively inventive storyteller\", Geoff Andrew of the British Film Institute named Nolan one of the few contemporary filmmakers producing highly personal films within the Hollywood mainstream. Andrew wrote that Nolan's films are \"not so much [notable] for their considerable technical virtuosity and visual flair as for their brilliant narrative ingenuity and their unusually adult interest in complex philosophical questions\".[214] David Bordwell observed that Nolan is \"considered one of the most accomplished living filmmakers\", citing his ability to turn genre movies into both art and event films, as well as his box office numbers, critical acclaim and popularity among cinemagoers.[194][215] In 2008, Philip French deemed Nolan \"the first major talent to emerge this century\".[216]Mark Kermode complimented Nolan for bringing \"the discipline and ethics of art-house independent moviemaking and apply[ing] them to Hollywood blockbusters. He's living proof that you don't have to appeal to the lowest common denominator to be profitable\".[217]The Observer's Ryan Gilbey described Nolan as a \"skillful, stylish storyteller, capable of combining the spectacle of Spielberg with the intellectual intricacy of Nicolas Roeg or Alain Resnais\".[218]Mark Cousins applauded Nolan for embracing big ideas, \"Hollywood filmmakers generally shy away from ideas\u2014but not Christopher Nolan\".[219] Scott Foundas of Variety declared Nolan \"the premier big-canvas storyteller of his generation\",[220] and Justin Chang of the Los Angeles Times called him \"the great proceduralist of 21st century blockbuster filmmaking, a lover of nuts-and-bolts minutiae\".[221]\n
Nolan has been praised by many of his contemporaries, and his work has influenced them.[222][223][224]Kenneth Branagh called Nolan's approach to large-scale filmmaking \"unique in modern cinema\", adding, \"regardless of how popular his movies become, he remains an artist and an auteur. I think for that reason he has become a heroic figure for both the audience and the people working behind the camera.\"[225]Michael Mann complimented Nolan for his \"singular vision\" and credited with \"invent[ing] the post-heroic superhero\".[226] Nicolas Roeg said of Nolan, \"People talk about 'commercial art' and the term is usually self-negating; Nolan works in the commercial arena and yet there's something very poetic about his work.\"[227]Martin Scorsese identified Nolan as a filmmaker creating \"beautifully made films on a big scale\".[228]\n
Damien Chazelle lauded Nolan for his ability \"to make the most seemingly impersonal projects\u2014superhero epics, deep-space mind-benders\u2014feel deeply personal\".[229] Discussing the difference between art films and big studio blockbusters, Steven Spielberg referred to Nolan's Dark Knight series as an example of both;[230] he has described Memento and Inception as \"masterworks\".[231]Denis Villeneuve was impressed by Nolan's ability \"to keep his identity and create his own universe in that large scope... To bring intellectual concepts and to bring them in that scope to the screen right now\u2014it's very rare. Every movie that he comes out with, I have more admiration for his work.\"[232]James Cameron expressed disappointment that Nolan was not nominated for an Academy Award as Best Director for Inception, calling it \"the most astounding piece of film creation and direction of the year, hands down\".[231]\n
^Nolan has continued his collaboration with the Belic brothers, receiving a credit for his editorial assistance on their Oscar-nominated documentary Genghis Blues (1999).[13]\n
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^The name of the company is derived from syncope, a medical term for fainting. Sorcha N\u00ed Fhlainn, a lecturer specialising in film studies, alluded this wordplay to Nolan's style of \"disorientation\" in his work. She also associated the name with synthetic and philosopher Jean Baudrillard's treatiseSimulacra and Simulation.[47]\n
^Phipps, Keith; Robinson, Tasha; Rabin, Nathan; Tobias, Scott; Murray, Noel (3 December 2009). \"The best films of the '00s\". The A.V. Club. Archived from the original on 29 November 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2019.\n
Blouin, Michael J. (2013). \"Difference and Doubt in Christopher Nolan's Inception\". Japan and the Cosmopolitan Gothic: Specters of Modernity. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 143\u2013160. ISBN978-1-137-30522-0.
Elsaesser, Thomas (2020). \"Stanley Kubrick's Prototypes: The Author as World-Maker\". In Szaniawski, Jeremi (ed.). After Kubrick: A Filmmaker's Legacy. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 29\u201351. ISBN978-1-501-34765-8.
Joy, Stuart. \"Dreaming a Little Bigger, Darling\". In Furby & Joy (2015), pp. 1\u201316.
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Hill-Parks, Erin. \"Developing an Auteur Through Reviews: The Critical Surround of Christopher Nolan\". In Furby & Joy (2015), pp. 17\u201330.
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N\u00ed Fhlainn, Sorcha. \"'You keep telling yourself what you know, but what do you believe?': Cultural Spin, Puzzle Films and Mind Games in the Cinema of Christopher Nolan\". In Furby & Joy (2015), pp. 147\u2013163.
Koole, Sander L.; Fockenberg, Daniel; Tops, Mattie; Schneider, Iris K. (2013). \"The Birth and Death of the Superhero Film\". In Sullivan, Daniel; Greenberg, Jeff (eds.). Death in Classic and Contemporary Film. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 135\u2013150. ISBN978-1-137-27688-9.
Zornado, Joseph L.; Reilly, Sara (2021). \"Superhero Fantasy in Crisis\". The Cinematic Superhero as Social Practice. Springer Nature. pp. 155\u2013189. ISBN978-3-030-85458-4.
\n\n\n\n",
+ "page_last_modified": " Wed, 20 Mar 2024 02:46:35 GMT"
+ },
+ {
+ "page_name": "Nolan Greenwald | Actor, Stunts",
+ "page_url": "https://www.imdb.com/name/nm3605678/",
+ "page_snippet": "Nolan Greenwald. Stunts: Mayor of Kingstown. Nolan Greenwald is known for Mayor of Kingstown (2021), Dark Web: Cicada 3301 (2021) and The Expanse (2015).Known for: Mayor of Kingstown, Dark Web: Cicada 3301, The Expanse Nolan Greenwald is known for Mayor of Kingstown (2021), Dark Web: Cicada 3301 (2021) and The Expanse (2015). ... Keep track of how much of Nolan Greenwald\u2019s work you have seen. Go to your list.",
+ "page_result": "Nolan Greenwald - IMDb
Please enable browser cookies to use this feature.\u00a0Learn more.
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+ "page_last_modified": ""
+ },
+ {
+ "page_name": "Christopher Nolan | Writer, Producer, Director",
+ "page_url": "https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0634240/",
+ "page_snippet": "Christopher Nolan. Writer: Tenet. Best known for his cerebral, often nonlinear, storytelling, acclaimed writer-director Christopher Nolan was born on July 30, 1970, in London, England. Over the course of 15 years of filmmaking, Nolan has gone from low-budget independent films to working on ...Christopher Nolan. Writer: Tenet. Best known for his cerebral, often nonlinear, storytelling, acclaimed writer-director Christopher Nolan was born on July 30, 1970, in London, England. Over the course of 15 years of filmmaking, Nolan has gone from low-budget independent films to working on some of the biggest blockbusters ever made. Begins his movies and introduces his main characters with a close up of their hands performing an action. ... Keep track of how much of Christopher Nolan\u2019s work you have seen. Go to your list. Christopher Nolan has legions of devoted fans thanks to hits like The Dark Knight, Interstellar, and Oppenheimer. See how IMDb users rank all of his feature films as director.See the rankings ... What We Know About 'Tenet' ... So Far ... He initially directed his Batman films so he could get funding and support for his bigger films. The one he had planned for years was Inception (2010). ... [on different acting styles] The best actors instinctively feel out what the other actors need, and they just accommodate it. The turning point in Nolan's career occurred when he was awarded the chance to revive the Batman franchise in 2005. In Batman Begins (2005), Nolan brought a level of gravitas back to the iconic hero, and his gritty, modern interpretation was greeted with praise from fans and critics alike.",
+ "page_result": "Christopher Nolan - IMDb
Best known for his cerebral, often nonlinear, storytelling, acclaimed writer-director Christopher Nolan was born on July 30, 1970, in London, England. Over the course of 15 years of filmmaking, Nolan has gone from low-budget independent films to working on some of the biggest blockbusters ever made.
At 7 years old, Nolan began making short movies with his father's Super-8 camera. While studying English Literature at University College London, he shot 16-millimeter films at U.C.L.'s film society, where he learned the guerrilla techniques he would later use to make his first feature, Following (1998), on a budget of around $6,000. The noir thriller was recognized at a number of international film festivals prior to its theatrical release and gained Nolan enough credibility that he was able to gather substantial financing for his next film.
Nolan's second film was Memento (2000), which he directed from his own screenplay based on a short story by his brother Jonathan. Starring Guy Pearce, the film brought Nolan numerous honors, including Academy Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for Best Original Screenplay. Nolan went on to direct the critically acclaimed psychological thriller, Insomnia (2002), starring Al Pacino, Robin Williams and Hilary Swank.
The turning point in Nolan's career occurred when he was awarded the chance to revive the Batman franchise in 2005. In Batman Begins (2005), Nolan brought a level of gravitas back to the iconic hero, and his gritty, modern interpretation was greeted with praise from fans and critics alike. Before moving on to a Batman sequel, Nolan directed, co-wrote, and produced the mystery thriller The Prestige (2006), starring Christian Bale and Hugh Jackman as magicians whose obsessive rivalry leads to tragedy and murder.
In 2008, Nolan directed, co-wrote, and produced The Dark Knight (2008) which went on to gross more than a billion dollars at the worldwide box office. Nolan was nominated for a Directors Guild of America (D.G.A.) Award, Writers Guild of America (W.G.A.) Award and Producers Guild of America (P.G.A.) Award, and the film also received eight Academy Award nominations.
In 2010, Nolan captivated audiences with the sci-fi thriller Inception (2010), which he directed and produced from his own original screenplay. The thought-provoking drama was a worldwide blockbuster, earning more than $800,000,000 and becoming one of the most discussed and debated films of the year. Among its many honors, Inception received four Academy Awards and eight nominations, including Best Picture and Best Screenplay. Nolan was recognized by his peers with D.G.A. and P.G.A. Award nominations, as well as a W.G.A. Award for his work on the film.
One of the best-reviewed and highest-grossing movies of 2012, The Dark Knight Rises (2012) concluded Nolan's Batman trilogy. Due to his success rebooting the Batman character, Warner Bros. enlisted Nolan to produce their revamped Superman movie Man of Steel (2013), which opened in the summer of 2013. In 2014, Nolan directed, wrote, and produced the science-fiction epic Interstellar (2014), starring Matthew McConaughey, Anne Hathaway and Jessica Chastain. Paramount Pictures and Warner Bros. released the film on November 5, 2014, to positive reviews and strong box-office results, grossing over $670 million dollars worldwide.
Nolan resides in Los Angeles, California with his wife, producer Emma Thomas, and their children. Nolan and Thomas also have their own production company, Syncopy.
Christopher Nolan has legions of devoted fans thanks to hits like The Dark Knight, Interstellar, and Oppenheimer. See how IMDb users rank all of his feature films as director.
He initially directed his Batman films so he could get funding and support for his bigger films. The one he had planned for years was Inception (2010).
Please enable browser cookies to use this feature.\u00a0Learn more.
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+ "page_last_modified": ""
+ },
+ {
+ "page_name": "All 12 Christopher Nolan Movies, Ranked from Worst to Best",
+ "page_url": "https://www.vulture.com/article/christopher-nolan-movies-ranked.html",
+ "page_snippet": "A ranking of Christopher Nolan\u2019s 12 movies from worst to best, starting with his earliest effort and continuing through his Batman trilogy to \u2018Oppenheimer.Which of the Oscar-winning director\u2019s films are masterpieces and which are merely near-masterpieces? Meanwhile, despite the fact that many of them occupy only a few minutes of screen time, Nolan somehow gets career-high performances from a massive cast of familiar faces. Seriously, I could watch these scientists arguing for hours and hours. The whole film builds and builds and builds majestically \u2014 until a shattering finale that might well be the most emotionally resonant moment in Nolan\u2019s entire filmography. The long-awaited (and much-speculated-about) Oppenheimer is here, and the film seems like a major turning point for Christopher Nolan. Of course, given the ambitious and obsessive nature with which he tackles all his projects, every Nolan film feels in its moment like the biggest one of his career. So where does Oppenheimer actually fit in the director\u2019s filmography? Of course, given the ambitious and obsessive nature with which he tackles all his projects, every Nolan film feels in its moment like the biggest one of his career. So where does Oppenheimer actually fit in the director\u2019s filmography? Hold up! Before you go any further, know this: Christopher Nolan is an exceptional filmmaker who has made many great movies.",
+ "page_result": " \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n\n \n All 12 Christopher Nolan Movies, Ranked from Worst to Best\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n\n \n\n\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
By\n Bilge Ebiri,\n a film critic for New York and Vulture\n \n
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\n Photo-Illustration: Vulture; Photos: Newmarket Films, Universal Pictures, Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures, Warner Bros. Pictures\n
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This article was originally published on June 18, 2018. It has been updated to include additional movies. At the 2024 Oscars, Christopher Nolan won the award for Best Director for Oppenheimer.
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The long-awaited (and much-speculated-about) Oppenheimer is here, and the film seems like a major turning point for Christopher Nolan. Of course, given the ambitious and obsessive nature with which he tackles all his projects, every Nolan film feels in its moment like the biggest one of his career. So where does Oppenheimer actually fit in the director\u2019s filmography?
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Hold up! Before you go any further, know this: Christopher Nolan is an exceptional filmmaker who has made many great movies. As a result, any ranking of his films is bound to wind up with at least a couple of amazing titles near the bottom; that\u2019s the kind of problem most directors wish they could have. So let\u2019s take a look back over his career and figure out which of the director\u2019s films were the masterpieces, and which ones were merely near-masterpieces. Yes, this is something of a dangerous endeavor, given the fervency with which Nolan\u2019s work is debated \u2014 by both his obsessive fans and his quite vocal detractors. Anyway, here they are.
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\n \n \n \n \n 12. Following (1998)\n \n\n
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Nolan\u2019s ultra-low-budget 1998 directorial debut was cobbled together while he was working full-time, using available light and cheap film stock. It does feel very much like a student effort: ambitious, awkward, bursting with ideas but often downright amateurish. Still, you can see the talent, and there are lots of fascinating elements here that would reemerge later: a nonlinear narrative, manipulative characters, a twist ending, the human psyche represented in material form. And the irony at the movie\u2019s center \u2014 about a man who robs people to make them better appreciate their lives \u2014 is pure Nolan. (Also, the lead thief\u2019s name is Cobb, the same as the head thief in Inception). Anybody interested in the director\u2019s films should check this one out. But its technical limitations, combined with Nolan\u2019s own inexperience, make it one of his weaker works.
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\n \n \n \n \n 11. Insomnia (2002)\n \n\n
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This adaptation of the 1997 Norwegian crime thriller \u2014 about a troubled cop with a past who, while investigating a murder in small-town Alaska, accidentally kills his partner and then tries to cover up his crime \u2014 showed that the director could go from making low-budget indies to successful studio projects. (He has said that in many ways this was the most important stepping-stone in his career, because it allowed him to ease into big-budget filmmaking.) Insomnia is impressive in many regards: Al Pacino is effectively haunted as the lead, and Robin Williams, at the time eagerly trying to shed his image as a cloying funnyman, is appropriately creepy and pathetic as the suspected murderer. Plus, there\u2019s loads of atmosphere. But the movie is also, at times, dreadfully dull. The somnambulant mood may be partly intentional, but it\u2019s also wearying.
Nolan followed up the runaway worldwide success of\u00a0The Dark Knight\u00a0with a look at Batman brought low, his back broken by Bane (Tom Hardy) and thrown in a pit-prison where he\u2019s forced to watch Gotham destroyed from afar. And yes, it was a huge hit, but how could it have been anything other than a disappointment after something like\u00a0The Dark Knight?
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That said, this one doesn\u2019t get enough credit for how effectively it captures the hero\u2019s feeling of helplessness \u2014 as the city\u2019s bridges and buildings are leveled, its people pitted against one another, the very fabric of society ripped asunder. For anyone who\u2019s been following Bruce Wayne\u2019s efforts to try and make Gotham a better place, this is all quite heartbreaking to watch. There\u2019s plenty of great stuff here, from Anne Hathaway\u2019s jaded, sassy Catwoman to some eye-popping action sequences. It might be the most epic of Nolan\u2019s three Batman entries. Until Dunkirk, it was his one film that could be called a war movie. But at times it seems as if the director has bitten off more than he can chew, as he wrestles with effectively trying to convey the villains\u2019 evil plan. Plus, in order to truly show the breakdown of society, and the existential threat this represents, Nolan needs to condemn the people of Gotham a bit \u2026 but he pulls back, settling instead on vagaries.
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\n \n \n \n \n 9. Batman Begins (2005)\n \n\n
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It didn\u2019t seem at all likely that Christopher Nolan would be the one to reinvent the modern superhero movie; his forte seemed to be mind-fuck thrillers, not action spectacles, and this was before young, newish directors were regularly handed billion-dollar franchises. But his take on Batman (immeasurably aided by Christian Bale, still the most talented actor ever to play the Caped Crusader) was both brilliant and deceptively simple: Batman had always been the \u201crelatable\u201d superhero \u2014 the one who didn\u2019t have magic powers, just money, vengeance, and will \u2014 so why not give us a Batman grounded in something resembling reality? Some will point to this movie as the beginning of turning everything into a \u201cdark, gritty reboot,\u201d but Nolan\u2019s model borrowed the DNA of Richard Donner\u2019s original Superman, with its matter-of-fact, ground-level approach to capes-and-tights derring-do. Bruce Wayne\u2019s transformation into the Dark Knight is presented with uncommon psychological realism, set in motion by a somewhat-plausible series of events that explain how he became such a determined, effective fighter. The film only really falters in its last act, with a somewhat underwhelming final action set piece. Oh, and Katie Holmes seems strangely miscast as Bruce Wayne\u2019s love interest/moral North Star.
There are parts of Tenet that feel like they were crafted as a direct response to those who criticized Inception for being too exposition-heavy. You can almost hear Nolan yelling, \u201cOkay, wise guy, how do you like it when I don\u2019t explain things?\u201d Nolan\u2019s most oblique film to date \u2014 a sprawling, ornate action thriller in which the heroes can invert their passage through time so that they experience car chases and fights and all sorts of other things in reverse \u2014 is also one of his most ambitious, and, weirdly, one of his lightest. We\u2019re told early on in the film that we shouldn\u2019t try to understand it, but that we should feel it; that\u2019s pretty solid advice. Not unlike The Big Sleep, or The Parallax View, Tenet is a movie built out of brilliant, often beautiful setpieces whose overall placement in the broader puzzle is not always clear. That\u2019s not to suggest, however, that the film is frivolous or meaningless. The idea that our future selves can hold sway over our present-day selves is an adorably Nolan-esque notion that plays out across pictures like Memento, Interstellar, and Inception. And how wonderful it is to see a filmmaker tackle a big modern genre movie in such challenging fashion \u2014 and on such a massive scale. Maybe some will call it a flop, but if it is, it\u2019s the kind of flop that only Christopher Nolan could have made. It would have been fun to go back to the theater for repeat viewings during\u00a0Tenet\u2019s initial run to pick apart the timeline and the story, but the COVID pandemic rendered that pretty much impossible for most of us. That said,\u00a0Tenet\u00a0might be the Nolan film I enjoy revisiting the most nowadays.
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\n \n \n \n \n 7. Memento (2000)\n \n\n
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An absolutely ingenious thriller: The story, told in reverse, of a man who\u2019s been trying to avenge his wife\u2019s death; but his mind can\u2019t form memories, and he forgets who, where, and what he is within minutes, so he has to tattoo his clues on his body in order not to forget them. It\u2019s an ideal marriage of structure and subject matter, as the nature of the storytelling ensures that we in the audience never really know what has happened before any given scene, which mimics the protagonist\u2019s existential haze. This put Nolan on the map with its release in 2000, and is still considered his masterpiece by many fans. Does it lose some luster once you\u2019ve figured it out? Not quite, though nothing can match that electrifying first viewing.
Consider this for a second: Nolan made a movie about high-tech thieves who break into people\u2019s dreams and steal hidden ideas from them, but this time they are asked to secretly plant an idea in a person\u2019s head, so they go into that person\u2019s dream, but in order to hide their actions they have to go several dreams down, so they have to create a dream inside the guy\u2019s dream so they can go into the next dream, then do it again, but they can\u2019t go too far down the dream levels because if they do they\u2019ll be stuck in a dream forever and their brains will melt, and also each level of a dream happens at a different speed, so that five minutes in the real world is an hour in dream time, and things slow down even further the deeper you go within the dreams, but anything that happens in one dream can affect the dream in the next level. Now consider this: Inception was beloved by millions and made $825 million worldwide. Fact: Christopher Nolan knows how to tell a goddamn story.
One of the saddest, loneliest space epics ever made, Nolan\u2019s expansive sci-fi film \u2014 about Matthew McConaughey and Anne Hathaway traveling through a wormhole to another part of the universe in an effort to find a new home for humanity \u2014 was divisive when it came out, but it\u2019s slowly being acknowledged as one of his best works. It\u2019s certainly his most earnest movie, and maybe the mixture of eye-popping special effects, gee-whiz scientific phenomena, environmental dystopia, and unabashed sentiment was too much for some to take, as if 2001: A Space Odyssey had been hijacked by someone\u2019s therapy session. At heart, this is a story about parents and children, about the fear of letting go, about the need to reconcile your dreams with the needs of your loved ones. At the same time, it\u2019s a movie about survival \u2014 how planetary survival and species survival and individual survival often conflict with one another. The way Nolan ties these concepts together in a narrative that mixes heavy-duty scientific theories with nutty sci-fi invention can be jarring. But open yourself up to it, and Interstellar becomes one of the most emotionally overwhelming things you\u2019ll ever see.
\n\n
\n \n \n \n \n 4. The Prestige (2006)\n \n\n
\n\n \n\n
Nolan\u2019s sole literary adaptation \u2014 based on Christopher Priest\u2019s 1995 novel \u2014 also features his most subtle, complex characters. As dueling magicians in turn of the century London, Hugh Jackman and Christian Bale are both charming and sinister in their obsessions with one another. Maybe that\u2019s why, unlike so many other films that rely on \u201cpuzzle\u201d-like structures and big twists, The Prestige continues to work so well on repeat viewings; if anything, it improves and gains depth the more you watch it. It\u2019s also a dazzling magic trick in its own right, with an intricate plot that keeps doubling back on itself and throwing red herrings at us. As in so many Nolan pictures, the movie\u2019s structure and its effect on the viewer echo the characters\u2019 own psychological journeys. Nolan understands something about his audience: He lays out everything we need to figure out what\u2019s happening, but it\u2019s all just a bit too macabre for us to put two and two together. So we wait \u2026 until that incredibly disturbing, final image. (Aaand then a ridiculous Thom Yorke song plays over the end credits, but the less said about that, the better.)
\n\n
\n \n \n \n \n 3. The Dark Knight (2008)\n \n\n
\n\n \n\n
If nothing else, this is one of the most influential movies of our time \u2014 the entire DC Universe of superhero tentpoles has basically been built around its success. But none of its imitators have come close to matching the sweep and power of Nolan\u2019s second Batman entry, which is really a gangster epic masquerading as a superhero flick. And at the center of it all is one of the great performances of the decade, with the late Heath Ledger\u2019s wild, disturbing, charismatic turn as the Joker making a perfect foil for Christian Bale\u2019s stolid, wounded, tormented Batman. With a story that could easily have made for three separate movies (and maybe should have) and each insane set piece topped by the next one, this is the rare comic-book film that earns the obsessive quality of its fandom. That\u2019s also because Nolan doesn\u2019t shy away from tackling philosophical, moral, and political issues: When Batman turns all of Gotham\u2019s cell phones into a citywide sonar system, is he essentially confirming Bush-era surveillance tactics? Or is he simply debasing himself and betraying his own ideals \u2014 essentially falling into the Joker\u2019s trap? If so, what do we make of the fact that he succeeds? But wait, does he even succeed, or is it the people of Gotham who redeem him by refusing to blow each other up? Nearly a decade after its release, you can still go down any number of rabbit holes thinking about The Dark Knight. There are very few movies \u2014 in any genre \u2014 about which you can say that.
In J. Robert Oppenheimer, the brilliant (and tormented) physicist known as the father of the atomic bomb, Nolan has found a real-life avatar for so many of his key obsessions: the idea of hidden knowledge that could upend the world; of infernal machines that must never be used; of the way our greatest achievements sometimes become our greatest regrets; of the thin line between heroism and disgrace. In\u00a0Oppenheimer, he weaves all these themes into a breakneck piece of history. Though technically not a genre movie, it\u2019s faster than most action films and more terrifying than most horror flicks. Oppenheimer also turns out to be the perfect part for Cillian Murphy, who has given many great turns for this director but who gets the role of a lifetime as the scientist who channeled his anxieties and fascination with the quantum world into an earth-shattering achievement, then spent the rest of his life quietly tortured by what he had unleashed. Meanwhile, despite the fact that many of them occupy only a few minutes of screen time, Nolan somehow gets career-high performances from a massive cast of familiar faces. Seriously, I could watch these scientists arguing for hours and hours. The whole film builds and builds and builds majestically \u2014 until a shattering finale that might well be the most emotionally resonant moment in Nolan\u2019s entire filmography.
An astonishing war movie, and perhaps the\u00a0pinnacle\u00a0of Nolan\u2019s various experiments in editing and structure. In retelling the British evacuation of France in 1940 \u2014 the result of an early, disastrous defeat against the Nazis \u2014 the director intercuts three narrative timelines of differing lengths, which leads to some surprising twists and turns in the story. But perhaps more importantly, it\u2019s a film that shows Nolan willing to let go a little bit \u2014 to trust his audience to get what he\u2019s doing without his having to resort to lots of exposition and dialogue. In the process, it does away with many of the clich\u00e9s of the war genre: no strategy meetings, no scenes of people explaining what we\u2019re fighting for, etc. Instead, it\u2019s tight, terse, and tense from its opening frame to its last. For what it\u2019s worth \u2014 and somewhat ironically \u2014 it might also be the most hopeful picture Nolan has ever made.
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